U.S. patent number 3,892,917 [Application Number 05/294,613] was granted by the patent office on 1975-07-01 for speaker system for multichannel stereosignal reproduction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Hiromi Sotome.
United States Patent |
3,892,917 |
Sotome |
July 1, 1975 |
Speaker system for multichannel stereosignal reproduction
Abstract
This invention relates to a multichannel stereosignal
reproduction system in which a pair of speaker devices each
comprising at least two speakers in a speaker box are provided.
Left and right signals are applied to the two speakers,
respectively, in such manner that the left and right signals are
mutually in opposite phase between the speakers in one of the
speaker devices and speakers in the other of the speaker devices,
and wherein sound wave outputs from these speakers are composed
spatially. Further the signal from one of said two speakers which
is opposite in phase to the signal from the other of said two
speakers may be adjusted in terms of the level of its antiphase
component. Further, the speakers within each speaker device to be
supplied with signals opposite in phase to each other may be placed
opposite to each other in a spaced relationship and by providing a
sound wave reflector within the space between these opposed
speakers, sound wave outputs from the speakers can be composed
spatially. In this case the composite output will be radiated
uniformly, with directivity being thus eliminated.
Inventors: |
Sotome; Hiromi (Hamamatsu,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Hamamatsu, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
27307030 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/294,613 |
Filed: |
October 3, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
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Nov 25, 1971 [JA] |
|
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46-94652 |
Oct 7, 1971 [JA] |
|
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46-92395 |
Oct 7, 1971 [JA] |
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46-92396 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
381/17 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04R
5/02 (20130101); H04R 5/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04R
5/02 (20060101); H04R 5/00 (20060101); H04r
005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/1GQ,1GP,1G
;181/31B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Claffy; Kathleen H.
Assistant Examiner: D'Amico; Thomas
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cushman, Darby & Cushman
Claims
I claim:
1. A stereophonic speaker system for converting monophonic input
signals to composite stereophonic output sound waves comprising in
combination:
at least two front speakers;
means for energizing at least one of said front speakers with a
monophonic L signal from a first channel;
means for energizing at least another of said speakers with a
monophonic R signal from a second channel;
at least two rear speaker devices, each of said speaker devices
including at least two speakers, said two speakers in each speaker
device facing oppositely and in close proximity to one another, and
a sound wave reflector positioned intermediate said speakers;
means for energizing one of said speakers in each of said speaker
devices with a monophonic L signal from said first channel; and
means for energizing the other speaker in each of said speaker
devices with a monophonic R signal from said second channel, said
channel signals being in reverse phase relationship to one another
and wherein the sound waves from each speaker are combined
spatially to form a composite stereophonic signal.
2. The stereophonic speaker system of claim 1 further comprising
means for adjusting the level of one of said channel signals
applied to one of the speakers in each of said speaker devices with
respect to the level of the signal coupled to the other of said
speakers.
3. The stereophonic speaker system of claim 2 wherein said
adjusting means is a variable resistor.
4. A stereophonic speaker system for converting monophonic input
signals to composite stereophonic output sound waves comprising in
combination:
at least a pair of front speaker devices, each of said speaker
devices including at least two speakers, said two speakers in each
speaker device facing oppositely and in close proximity to one
another, and a sound wave reflector positioned intermediate said
speakers;
at least two rear speaker devices, each of said speaker devices
including at least two speakers, said two speakers in each speaker
device facing oppositely and in close proximity to one another, and
a sound wave reflector positioned intermediate said speakers;
means for energizing one of said speakers in each of said speaker
devices with a monophonic L signal from a first channel, and means
for energizing the other speaker in each of said speaker devices
with a monophonic R signal from a second channel, said channel
signals being in phase between said speakers in the front channel
speaker devices and being in reverse phase relationship to one
another in said rear speaker devices and wherein the sound waves
from each speaker are combined spatially to form a composite
stereophonic signal.
5. The stereophonic speaker system of claim 4 further comprising
means for adjusting the level of one of said channel signals
applied to one of the speakers in each of said speaker devices with
respect to the level of the signal coupled to the other of said
speakers.
6. The stereophonic speaker system of claim 5 wherein said level
adjusting means comprises a resistor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a reproduction system of multichannel
stereosignals.
2. Description to the prior art
Systems for attaining the reproduction of multichannel
stereo-signal can be divided primarily into three, namely the
discrete, matrix and quasi multichannel systems. The discrete
system is the one under which all the processes from recording to
reproduction are separated correspondingly to the channels, this
system also being called "the 4--4--4 system." Concerning the
matrix system, an SQ system (with logics) and a Scheiber system are
available, and of which the latter is taken up presently, which is
in principle similar to the speaker matrix. Regarding the quasi
multichannel system, two types are available, one being an acoustic
reverberation addition type and the other, a magnetic reverberation
addition type. That is, the three systems mentioned above are now
mainly employed for the transmission system from recording to
reproduction.
As for the conventional 4-channel stereo systems, first of all a
quasi four-channel system as shown in FIG. 1 is available. In this
system, ordinary two-channel left and right stereosignals L, R are
taken out as they are from the front output terminals F.sub.L,
F.sub.R respectively, while differential signals L-R and R-L of the
stereosignals L, R are formed by way of the matrix circuit A and
are taken out from the rear output terminals R.sub.L, R.sub.R.
These signals are supplied, as shown in FIG. 2, to the left and
right front speakers S.sub.1, S.sub.2 as well as the left and right
rear speakers S.sub.3, S.sub.4, provided at the corners of the
listening room 10, whereby the listener M in the abovementioned
listening room can hear the quasi four-channel stereo sound similar
to a real four-channel stereo sound.
In addition, a matrix four-channel stereo system as shown in FIG. 3
is also available as a conventional one. In this system, left and
right signals F.sub.L, F.sub.R for front speakers and left and
right signals R.sub.L, R.sub.R for rear speakers are converted by
means of an encoder E into binary signals L.sub.T =(F.sub.L
+R.sub.L +.beta.F.sub.R - .alpha. R.sub.R), R.sub.T =(F.sub.R
+R.sub.R +.beta.F.sub.L -.alpha.R.sub.L). These signals, which are
then put into a decoder D along with a subcarrier signal SC by way
of the signal transmission line F such as a stereorecord or FM
stereobroadcasting network, etc., from whose output terminals
T.sub.1, T.sub.2 and T.sub.3, T.sub.4 are taken out left and right
signals L.sub.T + .alpha.R.sub.T, R.sub.T++.alpha.L.sub.T for front
speakers and left and right signals L.sub.T -.beta.R.sub.T, R.sub.T
-.beta.L.sub.T for rear speakers respectively. These signals are
supplied to the left and right front speakers S.sub.1, S.sub.2 and
left and right rear speakers S.sub.3, S.sub.4 shown in FIG. 2,
whereby the listener M in the listening room 10 can hear a real
four-channel stereo sound of full attendance at the scene.
As, however, in these systems the left and right signals R.sub.L,
R.sub.R, L.sub.T +.alpha.R.sub.T, R.sub.T +.alpha.L.sub.T, L.sub.T
-.beta.B.sub.T, and R.sub.T -.beta.L.sub.T are composed
electrically by means of the matrix circuit or the encoder and
decoder, they become expensive and complicated, having the
disadvantage that these conventional systems cannot be easily and
inexpensively employed.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
By use of the multichannel stereosignal reproduction system
according to this invention it is possible to attain the following
objects:
1. There is provided a speaker system suitable for reproduction of
four-channel stereo and in particular, one in which at least two,
first and second, speakers are provided in a signal rear speaker
box and left and right stereosignals are applied in mutually
opposite phase to the first and second speakers, respectively and
sound waves of these signals are composed spatially to obtain rear
sound of four-channel stereo.
2. Further, left and right stereosignals are applied in-phase to
first and second speakers in the front speaker box and a level
adjustment is made of those signal components in the left or right
signal. Left and right stereosignals are applied in mutually
opposite phase to first and second speakers in the rear speaker box
and a level adjustment is made of the antiphase components in the
left or right signal. By composing sound waves of these signals,
front and rear sound waves of four-channel stereo are obtained.
3. Moreover, a plurality of speakers are placed oppositely in a
single speaker box, interposing an acoustic reflector between them,
and left and right stereosignals are applied in mutually opposite
phase to the respective speakers, thus shortening the spatial
mixing distance of the sound waves of these signals and eliminating
directly to obtain rear sound of four-channel stereo.
4. In applying the techniques described above, a novel four-channel
stereoproduction system is provided. According to an embodiment of
this invention, for the purpose of achieving a four-channel stereo
reproduction simply, there is provided a decoder system in which a
plurality of speakers are provided in each stereo rear speaker box
and left and right stereo signals are applied in mutually opposite
phase to these speakers and at the same time, these antiphase
components are adjusted in terms of level. The resultant sound
waves are composed spatially, thus obtaining rear sound waves of
the four-channel stereo. While the left and right signals are
applied in-phase to a plurality of speakers within each front
speaker box respectively, level adjustment is made of those signal
components in the left or right signal alone, and sound waves of
these signals are composed spatially to obtain front sound waves of
the four-channle stereo.
In addition, according to this invention, an opening for sound
emission is provided near the center of the stereo rear speaker box
and a fanwise sound wave reflector is provided in the middle of the
opening, with two speakers being placed oppositely with respect to
the sound wave reflector in between them. Left and right signals
are applied in mutually opposite phase to these speakers and sound
waves of these signals from the abovementioned two speakers are
composed spatially by way of the aforesaid reflector to obtain rear
sound waves of the four channel stereo.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a drawing explaining the principle of the transmission
system in an artificial four-channel system.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of the formation of reproduction field in a
listening room.
FIG. 3 is a drawing of the principle of the transmission system
under a matrix four-channel system.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an example of the speaker device
employed in this invention.
FIG. 5 is a drawing of speaker arrangement in a listening room
showing an example of application of this invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the
speaker device employed according to this invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing illustrating the operations of the
speakers.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of the speaker
device employed in this invention.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the speaker device shown in FIG.
8.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of the sound wave
reflector to be employed for the speaker device shown in FIG.
8.
FIG. 11 is a view of a speaker arrangement within a listening room
showing an example of the application of this invention.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the
speaker employed in this invention.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the
sound wave reflector to be employed for the speaker device shown in
FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a view of speaker arrangement in a listening room
employing the speaker devices shown in FIG. 4 or 8.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 4 reference numeral 11 (11A or 11B) represents a speaker
box which is provided with a first speaker SP.sub.1 and a second
speaker SP.sub.2. These first and second speakers are the same or
similar in their electroacoustic characteristics.
In the case of a practical application, as shown in FIG. 5 the
aforesaid speaker boxes 11A, 11B are placed at the left and right
rear positions of the listening room 10, respectively (for
convenience of illustration, SP.sub.1 and SP.sub.2 are arranged
side by side in the figure). The first speakers SP.sub.1, SP.sub.1
in these boxes 11A, 11B are individually connected in parallel (or
in series) with the left and right front speakers S.sub.1, S.sub.2
provided at the left and right front positions of the listening
room 10. The left and right signals L, R are supplied to their
terminals T.sub.1, T.sub.2 respectively.
On the other hand, to the terminals T.sub.3, T.sub.4 connected to
the second speakers SP.sub.2, SP.sub.2 within the speaker boxes
11A, 11B are supplied signals -R, -L which are opposite in phase to
the left and right stereosignals L, R supplied to the speakers
SP.sub.1, SP.sub.1.
When used as above, the acoustic effect is as shown in FIG. 7, that
is, where the distance between the first speaker SP.sub.1 and the
second speaker SP.sub.2 is l on the one part and the distance
between each of these speakers and the listening point P is l O on
the other, there is the relation l.sub.o >> l, l <<
.lambda. (.lambda.: Wavelength of sound wave heard). Then the left
signal L (or the right signal R) and the antiphase signal -R of the
right signal (or the antiphase signal -L of the left signal) are
not separately audible at the listening point P, but sound waves of
the spatially composed differential signal L-R (or R-L)
corresponding to the difference between left and right signals L
and R are audible, and accordingly, the listener M in FIG. 5 can
hear a four-channel stereo sound having the same effect as under
the aforesaid conventional systems.
In the meantime, the rear speaker box applicable according to this
invention won't be limited to the one shown in FIG. 4, that is, as
shown in FIG. 6, 4 speakers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are provided in a single
speaker box 12. The stereo left signal L (or right signal R) and
the antiphase signal -R of the stereo right signal (or antiphase
signal -L of the left signal) can be applied to 1, 4 and 2, 3
respectively, in which case, compared with two speakers provided in
one box as in FIG. 4, the sense of separation is reduced further,
enabling one to enjoy a four-channel stereo reproduction sounding
quite natural.
In the meantime, in each of the aforesaid embodiments, the absolute
values 1L--R1 and 1R-L1 of spatially composed waves are
considerably smaller than the acoustic output available when
applying the same signals (in-phase signals) to two speakers and
therefore it isn't necessary to comply with the established
conventional theory: "When providing 2 speakers having the same or
similar characteristics within a single speaker box, the speaker
box should be doubled in volume," and an effective volume about 1.0
to 1.5 times that of an ordinary speaker box will suffice.
Further, in connection with the above-mentioned embodiment it has
been described that the antiphase signal -R of the right signal (or
the antiphase signal -L of the left signal) is supplied to the
speaker SP.sub.2, but instead of applying the antiphase signal -R
(or -L), the right signal R (or the left signal L) may be supplied
as it is by making the connection of the voice coil of the speaker
SP.sub.2 reverse to that of the speaker SP.sub.1.
A means to shorten the distance l.sub.o required for spatial mixing
described above will now be explained in the following.
In FIG.'s 8 and 9 reference numeral 21 (21A or 21B) is a vertically
long speaker box and an opening 22 for sound emission is provided
near the middle part thereof, while a fanwise sound wave reflector
23 as shown in FIG. 10 is provided horizontally in the middle part
of the opening 22 and two speakers SP.sub.1, SP.sub.2 are placed
opposite to each other in a spaced relationship by way of baffle
plates 24A, 24B with the sound wave reflector being in between
them, and sound waves from each of these speakers are emitted
around by the reflector 23 through the opening 22. As for the
speakers SP.sub.1, SP.sub.2, those speakers having the asme or
similar electroacoustic characteristics are employed. Further, if
one provides the sound-passing holes 25a, 25b in the top and bottom
plates 25A, 25B of the speaker box 21, bass tonal components will
be reproduced therethrough.
The sound wave reflector 23 is shaped such that it can radiate the
sound wave, emitted from the speakers SP.sub.1 and SP.sub.2,
uniformly in all of the directions, that is, the reflector 23 is
the thickest at the center thereof, becoming gradually thinner
toward edges thereof.
In the case of a practical use thereof, as shown in FIG. 11 the
aforesaid speaker boxes 21A, 21B are arranged at the left and right
rear positions of the listening room 10 and the first speakers
SP.sub.1, SP.sub.1 in each of these boxes are individually
connected in parallel (or in series) to the left and right front
speakers S.sub.1, S.sub.2 provided at the left and right front
positions of the listening room, to the terminals T.sub.1, T.sub.2
of which are supplied two-channel left and right signals L, R
respectively.
On the other hand, the terminals T.sub.3, T.sub.4 connected to the
second speakers SP.sub.2, SP.sub.2 within the speaker boxes 11A,
11B are supplied antiphase signals -R and -L of the stereo right
and left signals, respectively.
As for the acoustic effect in the case of the above-mentioned
application, sound waves of signals L (or R) from the speaker
SP.sub.1 and sound waves of the antipahse signal -R (or -L) are
emitted toward the reflector 23, by which the sound waves emitted
are radiated uniformly into the middle part of the listening room
10 and, at the position of the listener M, the left signal L (or
the right signal R) and the antiphase signal -R of the right signal
(or the antiphase signal -L of the left signal) are not audible
separately, but sound waves of the spatially composed
non-directional stereo left-right difference signal L-R (or R-L)
are audible, for which reason the listener M in FIG. 11 can hear a
4-channel stereo sound having an efficient acoustic effect.
Further, the rear speaker box applicable according to this
invention will not be limited to the ones shown in FIG.'s 8 and 9
but various other modifications are applicable. For instance, as
shown in FIG. 12, the cylindrical speaker boxes B.sub.1, B.sub.2
may be placed oppositely to each other and a sound wave reflector
23A, being of a flat conical foam on both the top and bottom faces
as shown in FIG. 13, may be placed horizontally in the opening
22A.
In connection with the above-mentioned embodiment, it has been
described that the antiphase signal -R of the right signal (or the
antiphase signal -L of the left signal) is applied to the speaker
SP.sub.2, but instead of supplying the antiphase signal -R (or -L),
the right signal R (or the left signal L) may be applied as it is
by making the connection of the voice coil of the speaker SP.sub.2
reverse with respect to that of the speaker SP.sub.1.
An embodiment in which the speaker system as indicated in FIG.'s 4,
6, 8 and 12 can be used in a listening room will be described by
reference to FIG. 14.
At the left and right front corners and the left and right rear
corners of the listening room 10, there are provided speaker boxes
11A, 11B and 11C, 11D separately (for convenience of illustration,
SP.sub.1, and SP.sub.2 are arranged laterally in this figure) and,
the first speaker SP.sub.1 (L) and SP.sub.1 (R) in the speaker
boxes 11C and 11D are respectively connected in-phase and in
parallel (or in series) with the first speakers SP.sub.1 (L),
SP.sub.1 (R) provided in the speaker boxes 11A and 11B, to the
terminals T.sub.1, T.sub.2 which are supplied 2-channel stereo left
and right signals L, R respectively.
On the other hand, stereo right and left signals R, L are applied
to the second speakers SP.sub.2 (R), SP.sub.2 (L) in the said
speaker boxes 11A, 11B by way of the variable resistance R.sub.1,
R.sub.2 respectively in phase with the said speakers SP.sub.1 (L),
SP.sub.1 (R), while stereo right and left signals R, L are applied
to the second speakers SP.sub.2 (-R), SP.sub.2 (-L) within the rear
speaker boxes 11C, 11D respectively via the variable resistance
R.sub.3, R.sub.4 in opposite phase. (In the said figure,
connections of the voice coils of the rear second speakers SP.sub.2
(-R) and SP.sub.2 (-L) are made in reverse to each other.
The acoustic effect when using the rear speakers as above is as
shown in FIG. 7 that is, if there is the relation l .sub.0 >>
l, l <<r (r: wavelength of sound wave heard) between the
distance l between the first speaker SP.sub.1 and the second
speaker SP.sub.2 on the one part and the distance l.sub.o from
these speakers to the listening point P on the other, the left
signal L (or the right signal R) and the antipahse signal -R of the
right signal (or the antiphase signal -L of the left signal) are
not audible separately at the listening point P, but sound waves of
the spatially composed the difference signal L-R (or R-L) between
the stereo left and right signals L, R are audible and the listener
M in FIG. 14 can hear a four-channel stereo sound full of the
feeling of attendance and having the acoustic effect equivalent to
the conventional system illustaration in FIG. 3.
That is, by operation of the variable resistances R.sub.1 and
R.sub.2 for input level adjustment of the speakers SP.sub.2 (R) and
SP.sub.2 (L), it is possible to obtain from the front speaker boxes
11A, 11B sound waves of the four-channel stereo front left and
right signals of (L+.alpha.R) and (R+.alpha.L), while it is
similarly possible from the rear speaker boxes 11C, 11D, through
input level control of the speakers SP.sub.2 (-R) and SP.sub.2 (-L)
by way of the variable resistances R.sub.3, R.sub.4, to obtain
sound waves of the four-channel stereo rear left and right signals
of (L-.beta.R) and (R-.beta.L). Therefore it is possible to obtain
a real-four-channel stereo sound full of the feeling of attendance
at the scene even when completely eliminating the expensive decoder
network D comprising complicated electrical circuits under the
aforesaid conventional system shown in FIG. 3.
Further, the front and rear speaker boxes 11A through 11D employed
in this invention won't be limited to the ones shown in FIG. 4, but
it is also possible, as shown in FIG. 6 for instance, to supply to
1, 4 and 2, 3 of the four speakers, 1, 2, 3 and 4 arranged in one
speaker box 12 the stereo left signal L (or the right signal R) and
the stereo right signal R or its antipahse signal -R (or the left
signal L or its antiphase signal -L) respectively, in which case,
in comparison with the case in which 2 speakers are accommodated in
one box as in FIG. 4, the sense of separation is reduced further,
enabling one to enjoy a four-channel stereo reproduction sounding
quite natural.
In the meantime, in connection with the rear second speakers
SP.sub.2 (-R) and SP.sub.2 (-L) in the preceding embodiment, the
connection of their voice coils was described as being opposite
with respect to other speakers to obtain antiphase sound waves, but
if left and right signals reversed in phase beforehand by other
circuits or devices are applied to the above-mentioned speakers,
the connections of the speakers SP.sub.1 , SP.sub.2 may be made all
in a forward direction.
As described, according to this invention, a plurality of speakers
are provided in the stereo rear speaker box, to which speakers are
applied stereo left and right signals respectively in opposite
phase. A level adjustment is made of these antiphase components
and, by spatially composing the same with sound waves of the left
and right signals, four-channel stereo rear sound waves (L-.beta.R)
and (R-.beta.L) are obtained. Stereo left and right signals are
applied in phase to a plurality of speakers within the front
speaker box and a level adjustment is made of those signal
components in the left or right signal alone and sound waves of
these signals are composed to obtain 4-channel stereo front sound
waves (L+.alpha.R) and R+.alpha.L). In comparison with the
conventional systems shown in FIG.'s 1 to 3, electric matrix
elements, encoder, decoder and any other complicated and expensive
networks are not required at all and amplifiers for two channels
are fully sufficient for practical application, thus permitting a
simple embodiment of this invention at a remarkably low cost.
Further, as this invention utilizes acoustic spatial mixing and
sound interference, there is little distortion and inasmuch as the
effective volume of the rear speaker box can be made small as
described hereinbefore, one can enjoy stereo reproduction with
excellent sound quality in a small-sized system and in addition,
can set the values of .alpha. and .beta., etc. as one desires, with
this invention having many advantages as above, providing a really
great acoustic effect. Moreover, according to this invention, a
plurality of speakers having the identical or similar
characteristics are placed oppositely to each other in a single
speaker box and a stereo left and right signals are applied in
mutually opposite phase to these speakers respectively, with sound
waves of these signals from the speakers being composed spatially
via a reflector and emitted through the box opening to obtain
reproduced sound for a four-channel stereo and thus, in comparison
with the conventional systems, electric matrix elements, decoder
encoder and any other complicated and expensive networks are not
required at all and amplifiers for two channels are fully
sufficient for practical application, thus permitting a simple
embodiment of this invention at a remarkably low cost.
Further, as this invention utilizes acoustic spatial mixing and
sound interference, it has the advantage that one can enjoy stereo
reproduction with excellent sound quality and little distortion,
and many other advantages, providing a really great acoustic
effect.
* * * * *