U.S. patent number 3,885,253 [Application Number 05/442,081] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-27 for variable flushing control unit attachment for a toilet.
Invention is credited to Charles A. Overbey.
United States Patent |
3,885,253 |
Overbey |
May 27, 1975 |
Variable flushing control unit attachment for a toilet
Abstract
A low cost variable flushing control unit attachment for
existing toilets which effects optimum flushing or clearing of the
toilet bowl with a minimum amount of water. The attachment kit
retains full discharge capability for the toilet tank, yet provides
a means for the homeowner to pre-set for his particular toilet the
best and most satisfactory quantity of water that will be
discharged to the bowl for those flushes that do not require total
discharge. After use of the toilet, the user selects the most
cost-effective flush mode that will completely clear the bowl. Once
triggered by the user, the attachment kit reliably controls closing
of the tank outlet valve and automatically resets itself.
Inventors: |
Overbey; Charles A. (Cocoa
Beach, FL) |
Family
ID: |
23755474 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/442,081 |
Filed: |
February 12, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
4/325 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03D
1/306 (20130101); E03D 1/142 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03D
1/02 (20060101); E03D 1/30 (20060101); E03D
1/14 (20060101); E03d 001/34 (); E03d 005/02 ();
E03d 005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/67A,67R,57R,57P,53,55,41,52,61,62,63 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Claims
I claim:
1. A water-saving attachment unit for a toilet having a water tank,
an outlet valve to discharge water from said tank and a mechanism
for operating said outlet valve to substantially empty the water
from said tank, comprising:
A. a tubular element adapted to be located in said tank adjacent
said outlet valve;
B. a buoyant energy cell slidably mounted in said tubular element
and adapted to close said outlet valve;
C. a retaining device mounted adjacent said tubular element to
normally prevent said buoyant energy cell from sliding within said
tubular element when said mechanism is operated to substantially
empty the water from said tank; and
D. a control mechanism connected to said retaining device for
selectively releasing said retaining device to permit said buoyant
energy cell to slide within said tubular element and thereby
prematurely close said outlet valve to effectuate only a partial
emptying of the water from said tank.
2. A water-saving attachment unit as defined in claim 1 wherein
said retaining device includes:
A. an opening in said tubular element;
B. a stop having one end pivotally mounted on said tubular element
and the other end adapted to extend through said opening to
normally retain said buoyant energy cell in a nonengaged position
with said outlet valve; and
C. said stop being arranged to automatically pivot to its retaining
position after said buoyant energy cell has floated past said other
end of said stop.
3. A water-saving attachment unit as defined in claim 1 wherein
said control mechanism includes:
A. a lanyard having one end thereof attached to said retaining
device and the other end thereof extending to a point external of
said tank and adjacent said mechanism; and
B. a ring attached to said other end of said lanyard.
Description
The present invention relates to a variable control unit attachment
for optimum clearing or flushing of toilet bowls.
More particularly, the invention permits an election to be made by
the user of the toilet as to whether a complete emptying of the
toilet tank is necessary to satisfactorily and completely clear the
toilet bowl. The variable control unit attachment provides a means
for the user of the toilet to select and effect a toilet bowl
flushing mode that will completely clear the bowl in the most
cost-effective manner.
Present toilets impose a requirement that the user discharge the
entire toilet tank into the bowl, even though in most instances
such total discharge is not required to accomplish the task of
completely clearing the bowl. This causes an inordinate amount of
water to be wasted nationwide each day and increases water
procurement and treatment costs to municipalities, increases direct
utility costs to homeowners and others, and requires larger and
more costly sewage treatment and handling facilities. With the
present invention, such losses are eliminated or are
negligible.
For those instances where a full discharge of the toilet tank is
not necessary for complete clearing of the bowl, the invention
provides a means for a homeowner to pre-determine the quantity of
water necessary to most efficiently clear the bowl of his
particular toilet and to then set an adjustable feature of the
variable control unit attachment to control discharge of that
quantity. The variable control unit attachment will then reliably
repeat the performance each succeeding time any toilet user calls
on it to do so.
In operation, a person makes an election after using the toilet as
to whether or not a full discharge of the toilet tank is necessary
to completely clear the bowl. Assuming the need is for a partial
tank, he simply operates the conventional flush handle and by use
of a means which is a part of the attachment kit he triggers the
variable control unit attachment. The attachment then automatically
reproduces a flush similar to the type determined by the homeowner
as being the most efficient and costeffective flush that will
accomplish complete clearing of the bowl. The attachment
incorporates a means for resetting itself without further attention
on the part of the user so it is ready for the next use.
Other methods and customary apparatus for conserving water when a
toilet is flushed are:
By adding one or more discharge valves within the tank, by adding
discharge valves on standpipes or branches at different levels in
the tank, by adjustment of the total quantity of water in the tank
through the placement of one or more bricks in the tank, or by
adjusting the level at which the float closes the ballcock that
admits water to the tank.
These methods have the following distinct disadvantages: the
addition of discharge valves in the tank, proper, or the addition
of standpipes having discharge valves decreases the total overall
reliability of the discharge system. As the number of valves
increase, there is a corresponding increase in nuisance leakages.
Some designs require specially manufactured tanks to accommodate
added valves or their operating means. Placement of a brick or
bricks in the tank conserves water in those instances where a full
tank is not needed; however, this significantly reduces the
efficiency of clearing the bowl when there is a need for a full
tank discharge. Such ineffective clearing of the bowl also may
occur if the water level in the tank is adjusted below the level
recommended and marked in the tank by the toilet manufacturer.
There are other variations of the above methods and apparatus, but
they all offer substantially the same disadvantages. It is worthy
to note that none of these present systems has proved to be so
effective as to gain universal acceptance and broad use.
An object of the present invention is to overcome these
disadvantages and provide a low cost variable control unit
attachment that will clear the bowl, conserve water and save
utility costs for homeowners and those having toilet facilities
serving the public, such as service stations and restuarants.
Another object is to save potable water processing and procurement
costs and sewage treatment costs for municipalities.
Another object is to provide a means for election by the user as to
whether there will be a complete or partial emptying of the tank
when the bowl is completely cleared.
Still another object is to provide a system with no additional
valves, and which will reliably repeat its performance after being
triggered by the user, and without a need for any further attention
by the user.
A further object is to provide an attachment having a means to
automatically reset itself.
A still further object is to reduce duration of the sounds
attendant to refill of the toilet tank.
Another object is to provide a variable control unit attachment in
kit form that may be easily installed in conventional toilets in
wide use without making extensive changes.
Another object is to provide a means within the attachment whereby
a homeowner may pre-adjust the depth to which his particular toilet
tank will empty so that he may realize optimum savings for his
particular toilet.
Another object is to provide a means for triggering operation of
the attachment by sole use of the existing conventional toilet
flush handle and/or by a separate triggering means.
In addition to the foregoing, the invention is simple and reliable.
It is long lasting, requires no extensive plumbing changes, is low
in initial cost, is easy to use and requires no attention on the
part of the user.
These and other advantages will become more apparent from the
following specification and the accompanying illustrative but not
restrictive drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cutaway front elevational view showing the variable
control unit attachment installed in a conventional toilet
tank.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the energy cell race and its support
structure.
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the energy cell race and its
support structure.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the energy cell.
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the energy cell.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the adjustable retaining device shown in
FIGS. 7 and 8.
FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the adjustable retaining
device shown in FIGS. 6 and 8.
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the adjustable retaining
device shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
FIG. 9 is a front partial elevational view showing a portion of the
energy cell release mechanism.
FIG. 10 is a partial elevational cross-sectional view taken along
the line 10--10 in FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is an elevational view showing an alternate type of energy
cell.
FIG. 12 is an elevational view showing an alternate top-mounted
adjustable retaining device.
With reference to FIG. 1, a conventional toilet tank assembly
designated generally by reference numeral 10 is illustrated with
the present invention incorporated as a part of the overall system.
The tank lid, the conventional ballcock and float, and the pull
chain to flapper/ball 16 when it is in the open or "up" position
are omitted for clarity. The reference numeral 12 designates a
conventional outlet valve seat assembly at the bottom of the tank.
The reference numeral 14 designates a conventional tank water
overflow standpipe which is conventionally supported by and
attached to the outlet valve seat assembly 12. The reference
numeral 16 designates one type of conventional valve flapper/ball
which is shown in its closed or seated position and in its open
position. The conventional valve opening mechanism includes a pull
chain 18, a lever 20 and a handle 22. The variable control unit
attachment is designated generally by reference numeral 24 and is
shown mounted on standpipe 14.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the variable control unit attachment 24
includes the following: A means for guiding an energy cell is
provided by the energy cell race designated by reference numeral
26. Although a cylinder is shown herein any suitable means for
guidance may be used. A means for application of kinetic and static
forces to close the tank outlet valve is provided by a buoyant
energy cell designated generally by reference numeral 28. A means
for retaining the energy cell so it may not travel unless released
to do so is provided by an adjustable retaining device designated
generally by reference numeral 30. This retaining device 30
functions primarily as a stop for limiting downward travel of the
buoyant energy cell 28. A means for automatic reset is also
provided by adjustable retaining device 30, described in more
detail hereinafter. A means for triggering operation of the
variable control unit attachment 24 is provided by a triggering
mechanism designated generally by reference numeral 32.
A hole 34 near the top of energy cell race 26 has a lanyard 36,
which is a part of the triggering mechanism 32, passing through it.
The horizontal broken lines designated by reference numerals 38,
40, 42 and 44 are imaginary lines indicating tank water levels.
Tank water level with a full tank is designated by reference
numeral 38. Tank water level with an "empty" tank is designated by
reference numeral 40. Approximate tank water level when the energy
cell 28 is just starting to close flapper/ball 16 is designated by
reference numeral 42. Approximate tank water level after the energy
cell 28 has imposed controlling forces on flapper/ball 16 so that
it has closed is designated by reference numeral 44.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the energy cell race 26 has a support
structure 27 to facilitate its mounting in the toilet tank on
standpipe 14 as illustrated in FIG. 1. The support structure 27 may
be of plastic or metal with a split 46 running its length as shown
in FIG. 2. Split 46 enables support structure 27 to be conveniently
slipped over the existing standpipe 14, and be adjustable both
vertically and rotationally. Although this method of mounting is
described, it can also be accomplished by many other simple
mechanical means. The energy cell race 26 has an aperture 48 in its
side to permit proper operation of the adjustable retaining device
30, shown generally in FIG. 1, in a manner to be more fully
described hereinafter. Energy cell race 26 has a small hole 34 near
its top to serve as a guide for a lanyard. FIG. 1 illustrates a
lanyard 36 passing through this hole 34.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the energy cell 28 is a tubular shaped
container 50 with the bottom end 52 closed. The top end is adapted
to receive a removable closure 54. An imaginary line representing
the top surface of water placed inside of tube 50 is designated by
reference numeral 56. By varying the quantity of water inside of
tube 50, the homeowner may vary the forces induced by the energy
cell and accordingly, vary the closing of the toilet tank outlet
valve. Although use of water is described, small weights may be
used in the energy cell to produce the desired variation of water
level at which the tank outlet valve closes.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate an adjustable retaining device 30
wherein the sleeve 58 has a split 60 to permit longitudinal and
rotational adjustment of the adjustable retaining device 30 on
energy cell race 26. In further reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8,
attached to sleeve 58 is a combination stop and pivot support
structure 62. Hinge pin 64 serves as a pivot point for a releasable
latch or stop 66 which is of such dimension as to permit its end 68
to penetrate through the aperture 48 of energy cell race 26
illustrated in FIG. 3. It may be clearly seen in FIGS. 6 and 8 that
this penetration of end 68 is adequate to restrain downward travel
of energy cell 28 provided its bottom end 52 is above end 68 of
releasable latch 66. In operation, the top end of energy cell 28
never gets below end 68 of releasable latch 66. During descent and
ascent of energy cell 28 in energy cell race 26, the end 68 or
releasable latch 66 rides on the outer surface of energy cell 28.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 releasable latch 66 incorporates a hole
70 to facilitate attachment of an actuating means, such as a
lanyard or mechanical linkage. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8 the
reference numeral 72 designates a stop which limits travel of
releasable latch 66 when it is operated. Referring to FIG. 8
another stop is the general area 74 of sleeve 58, wherein post 76
of releasable latch 66 abuts against it.
FIGS. 9 and 10 show one form of a means for triggering operation of
the attachment. In FIGS. 9 and 10 a conventional toilet tank front
wall 77 has mounted on it a small clip 78 near existing handle 22.
The handle 22 is omitted from FIG. 10 for clarity. Also, the tank
lid is omitted from both FIGS. 9 and 10 for clarity. Clip 78 shims
up the tank lid slightly near one corner, but this is not
noticeable to the eye. Clip 78 has legs 79 which are sprung inward
at manufacture. When installing clip 78 the legs 79 are deformed
outwardly so clip 78 is held in place on tank wall 77 by friction
and pressure from legs 79. Lightweight trigger ring 80 is connected
to lanyard 36 which runs through hole 82 in clip 78. As shown
generally in FIG. 1, the other end of lanyard 36 connects with the
adjustable retaining device 30. Specifically, the other end of
lanyard 36 is connected at hole 70 of releasable latch 66 shown in
detail in FIGS. 7 and 8. Although a combination of a trigger ring
and lanyard system are shown herein as a means of operating the
releasable latch, there are many release means available which are
suitable and which offer convenience, such as use of a small lever,
a sliding button, or a push button connected mechanically to the
releasable latch. Further, if desired, the existing handle 22 and
existing lever 20 shown in FIG. 1 may be used as a triggering means
by providing mechanical communication between existing lever 20 and
the releasable latch 66 and adding a small spring in existing pull
chain 18 so that existing lever 20 is enabled to travel further
after the flapper/ball 16 makes contact with energy cell race
26.
FIG. 11 illustrates one alternate type of energy cell. This energy
cell comprises a shaped tube 84 open at bottom end 86. Near its top
it contains a buoyant material 88, such as foamed plastic, with one
or more vent holes 90 such that air will not be trapped in cavity
92. To vary the kinetic and static forces that will be exerted by
this type of energy cell the homeowner varies the quantity of
buoyant material 88, which is furnished with the kit in a close
fitting wafer form. Although energy cells in cylindrical form are
shown, any shape may be used.
FIG. 12 illustrates an alternate type of adjustable retaining
device configured for mounting near the top of energy cell race 26
and comprising a longitudinally and rotationally adjustable split
sleeve 94, a support arm 96, a pivot 98, a releasable latch 100,
another pivot 102 and an actuating means 104. In the retaining mode
releasable latch 100 rests on the top edge of energy cell race 26
at point 106 and restrains downward travel of the energy cell which
has its top modified by addition of a necked down portion 108 and a
flanged top portion 110. In the operating mode actuating means 104
rotates releasable latch 100 about pivot 98 thus removing a
constraint to the passage of flange 110. After downward passage of
flange 110, releasable latch 100 is returned by gravitational
forces so as to rest on point 106. Then, as the toilet tank
refills, and the energy cell travels upward, its flange 110 lifts
releasable latch 100 until flange 110 passes, after which
releasable latch 100 again returns to rest at point 106 where it
once again will restrain passage of flange 110.
In operation it is apparent that when the user elects to clear the
toilet bowl by discharge of the tank to the preset approximate
water level 44 he simply operates handle 22 and then trigger ring
80. This causes lever 20 to lift chain 18 thereby lifting
flapper/ball 16 and then lanyard 36 to operate adjustable retaining
device 30, thus permitting energy cell 28 to descend and apply
kinetic and static forces to flapper/ball 16 so that it closes when
water in the tank is at approximate level 44. The attachment
automatically resets itself as the tank refills. On the other hand,
if it is desired to substantially empty the tank to approximate
water level 40 it is only necessary that handle 22 be operated to
lift lever 22 and chain 18 thereby moving flapper/ball 16 to the
open position. Energy cell 28 will be retained by adjustable
retaining device 30 and the tank will accordingly discharge to
approximate water level 40.
Although use of the invention in conjunction with a conventional
toilet system has been described, it is apparent that it may be
used with other liquid systems. It is also apparent that a
plurality of energy cells and their guidance means may be so
dimensioned that they may be spaced adjacent to a single valve.
When each energy cell is individually preset to exert a different
level of force on the valve, and separate triggering means are
provided, the user can then selectively command that the valve be
automatically closed at any of the multiple predetermined
levels.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described
in detail, it is contemplated that modifications of the apparatus
and method may be made and some features may be employed without
others, all within the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *