U.S. patent number 3,862,382 [Application Number 05/410,328] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-21 for keyboards switch assembly with multilayer pattern contact means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Chomerics, Inc.. Invention is credited to Frank Joseph Glaister, William J. Lynn, Vincent Squitieri.
United States Patent |
3,862,382 |
Glaister , et al. |
January 21, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
KEYBOARDS SWITCH ASSEMBLY WITH MULTILAYER PATTERN CONTACT MEANS
Abstract
Keyboards for use in calculators, control equipment and the
like, and which include a circuit board supporting electrical
pathways, an insulator separator having openings registerable with
portions of the pathways, a non-conductive elastomeric layer
supporting a plurality of non-selfsupporting flexible conductive
members or pathways and contactors thereon, said flexible
conductive circuit contactors registerable with said openings
whereby pressure applied to said elastomeric layer causes one or
more of said contactors to extend through one or more openings to
make electrical contact with portions of one or more circuit
pathways supported by said board.
Inventors: |
Glaister; Frank Joseph
(Salisbury, MA), Squitieri; Vincent (Billerica, MA),
Lynn; William J. (Groveland, MA) |
Assignee: |
Chomerics, Inc. (Woburn,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23624250 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/410,328 |
Filed: |
October 29, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/5A; 200/262;
200/512; 200/5R; 200/265 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/702 (20130101); H01H 13/785 (20130101); H01H
2227/004 (20130101); H01H 2205/002 (20130101); H01H
2229/004 (20130101); H01H 2207/012 (20130101); H01H
2203/018 (20130101); H01H 2201/032 (20130101); H01H
2227/012 (20130101); H01H 2209/002 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 13/702 (20060101); H01h
013/70 (); H01h 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/1R,5R,5A,159R,159A,159B,166C,262-270,275 ;333/98 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Kuntzleman, "Keyboard
Transducers," Vol. 7, No. 12, p. 1170, May 1965. .
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Sedaris et al., "Elastic
Diaphragm Switch," Vol. 14, No. 3, p. 767, August 1971..
|
Primary Examiner: Scott; James R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dike, Bronstein, Roberts, Cushman
& Pfund
Claims
We claim:
1. In a keyboard the combination of a circuit board supporting a
plurality of electrically conductive pathways, a separator
positioned upon the top of said board and conductive pathways and
having a plurality of openings in register with selected portions
of said pathways, the improvement comprising an elastomeric layer
having adhered thereto and supported thereby for movement therewith
a plurality of nonselfsupporting flexible conductive plastic
contactors, said conductive plastic contactors comprising a plastic
binder and electrically conductive particles dispersed therein,
said contactors positioned over said openings so that pressure
selectively applied to said elastomeric layer forces selected ones
of said contactors through selected openings into contact with said
selected portions of said pathways and release of said pressure
permits the elastomeric layer to return to its original shape while
pulling the contactors adhered thereto away from the pathways.
2. In a keyboard according to claim 1 in which a plurality of
non-selfsupporting flexible conductive plastic interconnecting
members are adhered to and supported by the elastomeric layer and
are coupled to selected ones of said contactors.
3. In a keyboard according to claim 2 in which the conductive
plastic is of a non-elastomeric material.
4. In a keyboard according to claim 3 in which the conductive
plastic has silver particles dispersed.
5. In a keyboard according to claim 2 in which the interconnecting
members are at least partially out of register with said
openings.
6. In a keyboard according to claim 2 in which the thickness of the
contactors and interconnecting members is at least about 5 times
less than the thickness of the elastomeric layer.
7. In a keyboard according to claim 6 in which the contactors and
interconnecting members are less than 0.788 mil in thickness and in
which the elastomeric layer is between 5 to 200 mils in
thickness.
8. In a keyboard according to claim 7 in which the conductive
plastic is of a non-elastomeric material.
9. In a keyboard according to claim 1 in which a plurality of said
contactors are electrically connected together by a
non-selfsupporting flexible conductive plastic interconnecting
element means adhered to and supported by said elastomeric layer,
said plastic interconnecting element means comprising a plastic
binder and electrically conductive particles dispersed theren.
10. In a keyboard according to claim 1 in which the plastic binder
is a polyamide resin and silver particles are dispersed
therein.
11. In a keyboard according to claim 9 in which the plastic binder
is a polyamide resin and silver particles are dispersed
therein.
12. In a keyboard which includes an insulator board having circuit
pathways thereon, insulator means having a plurality of windows
therethrough in alignment with selected portions of the pathways, a
plurality of nonselfsupporting contactors spaced apart and each
positioned for passage through one of said windows and supported by
an elastomeric layer to which it is adhered, said contactor means
comprising a flexible electrically conductive plastic material
physically adhered to said elastomeric layer, said conductive
plastic material comprising a plastic binder and electrically
conductive particles dispersed therein and pressure application
means for forcing said contactors through said windows to cause
said contactors to electrically contact portions of said pathways,
said elastomeric layer being thick enough to keep said contactors
away from said pathway portions in the absence of pressure applied
to pressure application means and for pulling said contactors away
with it from said pathways after application and the release of
pressure to said pressure application means and said contactors
being thick enough to provide electrical conductivity while not
being so flexible to separate from the elastomer layer upon being
flexed in continuous use.
13. In a keyboard according to claim 12 in which the contactors are
non-elastomeric.
14. In a keyboard according to claim 13 in which the contactors are
0.197 mil to 1.0 mils in thickness.
15. In a keyboard according to claim 14 in which the elastomeric
layer is 5 to 200 mils in thickness.
16. In a keyboard according to claim 13 in which the contactors are
0.197 to 1.969 mil in thickness.
17. In a keyboard according to claim 16 in which the elastomeric
layer is 10 to 100 mils in thickness.
18. In a keyboard according to claim 12 in which the contactors are
of a lesser thickness than the non-conductive elastomeric layer
with the elastomeric layer being of a thickness at least about 5
times that of the conductive layer to provide the elasticity to
pull the contactors back with it after being depressed and the
contactors being thick enough to provide electrical
conductivity.
19. In a keyboard according to claim 18 in which the contactors are
of a thickness less than 1 mil.
20. In a keyboard according to claim 18 in which said binder is
polyamide resin and said particles are silver.
21. In a keyboard according to claim 12 in which the contactors are
of a thickness less than 0.788 mil.
22. In a keyboard according to claim 12 in which the volume
resistivity of the contactors is less than 10 ohm centimeters.
23. In a keyboard according to claim 22 in which the volume
resistivity is less than 1 ohm centimeter.
24. In a keyboard according to claim 23 in which the volume
resistivity is less than 0.5 ohm centimeters.
25. In a keyboard according to claim 12 including a plurality of
flexible conducting plastic members adhered to said elastomeric
layer and selectively coupled to at least two said plurality of
contactors.
26. In a keyboard according to claim 25 in which the contactors and
the interconnecting members are of a nonelastomeric material.
27. In a keyboard according to claim 25 in which said binder is
polyamide resin and said particles are silver.
28. In a keyboard according to claim 12 in which said binder is
polyamide resin and said particles are silver.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention is directed to new improved keyboards for converting
key depression to a coded electrical output and is more
particularly directed to flexible conductive plastics formed into a
plurality of selectively interconnected flexible and
non-selfsupporting contactors and pathways joined to and supported
by an elastomeric layer for making electrical contact with selected
portions of a circuit board supported circuit pattern of the
keyboard.
Small and inexpensive keyboards have become an integral part of
personal calculators. As the price of calculators have rapidly
decreased, keyboards of the type shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,721,778
and 3,699,294 have become less attractive for use because of their
cost.
Since a significant portion of the cost of a keyboard is due to the
cost of the thick self-supporting resilient conductive plastic
(elastomeric) filled with electrically conductive particles used as
a contactor it became imperative that a keyboard be developed with
a less expensive contactor.
This invention provides a low cost contactor which now permits a
keyboard manufacturer to remain competitive as calculator prices
continue to fall.
The present invention provides further advantages in certain
situations in that a keyboard manufacturer can form the contactor
in a manner so as to add another layer of circuitry for performing
logic thus permitting further cost reductions.
With this invention material cost savings of 70% or more in
comparison with conventional contactors of the prior art is
estimated.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention discloses in combination with a circuit board having
a plurality of electrically conducting pathways, a separator layer
having a plurality of openings in register with portions of said
pathways, the improvement of an elastomeric non-conductive layer
supporting a plurality of non-selfsupporting flexible electrically
conductive plastic contactors selectively interconnected by a
plurality of non-selfsupporting flexible conductive plastic
pathways. The flexible contactors and pathways may be made by using
a non-elastomeric plastic such as polyamides, polyesters,
polycarbonates, polyacetates, polystyrenes, epoxies, etc., filled
with electrically conductive particles such as silver, carbon,
etc., dispersed therethrough.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top view of a keyboard according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 2--2 in FIG.
1 which includes the elastomeric, contactor structure of FIG.
4;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along linne 3--3 in FIG.
1;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of an elastomeric layer supporting
electrically conductive circuit pathways and contactors;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 illustrates in a sectional view a plunger member used as a
key for applying pressure to the elastomeric layer; and
FIG. 8 illustrates an alternate view of circuit pathways and
contactors formed on a portion of an elastomeric layer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
Reference should now be had to FIGS. 1-8 for a description of the
preferred embodiments of the disclosure.
The keyboard comprises a frame 10 preferably of insulator material,
more preferably of a plastic, e.g., A.B.S. (a high impact
polystyrene) or polyethelene. The frame 10 is provided with a
plurality of divider members which form the walls of windows 12
extending through the frame 10.
The underside of the frame includes a plurality of rods 13
(preferably formed at the same time as the frame, i.e., by molding
(see FIG. 2) which extend downwardly as shown in FIG. 3.
Reference may be had to U.S Pat. No. 3,721,778 for a further
description of the frame, rods and the construction of a
keyboard.
The rods 13 may be softened by heat to form heads 13a to hold the
keyboard assembly together as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively the
rods may be threaded and nuts may be used to hold the keyboard
assembly together.
Positioned directly below the frame member 11 is a thin plastic
insulator layer 14, e.g., of Mylar which has indicia applied
thereto. Instead of the layer 14 with indicia which functions as
keys of the keyboard, buttons having indicia thereon may also be
used as keys such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,721,778 or U.S. Pat.
applications Ser. No. 297,721 filed Oct. 16, 1972 now U.S. Pat. No.
3,780,237 or Ser. No. 297,636 filed Oct. 16, 1972 now U.S. Pat. No.
3,773,998 or as shown in FIG. 8.
Positioned below the layer 14 is a non-electrically conductive
elastomeric layer 15. The elastomeric layer 15 may comprise any of
the well known elastomeric and resilient materials such as silicone
rubber or fluoro silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, natural rubber,
etc.
Positioned below the elastomeric layer 15 and joined, coupled,
adhered or bonded thereto is a plurality of flexible electrically
conductive plastic contactors 16a selectively connected together
with a plurality of flexible electrically conductive plastic
pathways or interconnecting members 16b. The contactors and
pathways are relatively thin in comparison with the conductive
elastomeric layers of the prior art and rely upon the elasticity of
the non-conductive self-supporting elastomeric layer to which they
are attached for movement. The contactors and pathways are so thin
that they are non-selfsupporting and would not properly function
without being coupled to the elastomeric layer.
In addition, since each of the contactors and pathways are
separated from each other and are coupled together as shown, there
is a large saving in costly conductive plastic in comparison with
the aforementioned patents.
A backing, e.g., the elastomeric layer to which they are joined is
necessary to maintain their physical separation of the contactors
and pathways and to prevent them from curling up or distorting.
At 16c there is also shown a connecting member of a flexible
conductive plastic for coupling to a pin (see FIG. 2) used to
provide the same potential to the contactors 16a and the pathways
16b.
The parts 16a-16c may be formed of either flexible non-elastomeric
or elastomeric plastics such as plastic adhesives or by a flexible
conductive plastic layer joined or attached to the elastomeric
layer by a flexible plastic adhesive.
In particular, contactors 16a, pathways or members 16b and members
16c may be formed from flexible plastic (non-elastomeric) materials
such as polyamides (e.g. Versalon 1140 polyamide resin by General
Mills), polycarbonates (e.g. Lexan by General Electrical),
polyester (e.g.Mylar), epoxy (Carvel by Polymer Corp.) polyacetate,
polystyrene, etc., unmodified or modified if needed by plastisizers
as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, to obtain the
desired flexibility for the parts 16a-16c to flex with the layer 15
and not separate or break away therefrom after continuous prolonged
use.
The parts 16a-16c also contain electrically conductive particles
dispersed therethrough such as silver particles, carbon particles
and other well know conductive particles such as shown in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,140,342 and 3,576,387.
The amount of electrical particles may vary with particles in the
amount of 20 to 40 volume percent being preferred although in this
application the amount may vary over a wide range e.g., 10 80
volume percent.
In the preferred embodiment the layer 15 is preferably of a
thickness t.sub.a of between 5 to 200 mils with 5 to 100 mils being
more preferred and 20 - 50 mils being most preferred.
The parts 16a-16c are preferably of a thickness of t.sub.a between
5 microns (0.197 mil) to 2.0 mils with a thickness of 10 microns
(0.394 mil) to 25 microns (0.984 mil) being more preferred and a
thickness of 10 microns (0.394 mil) to 20 microns (0.788 mil) being
most preferred.
In the preferred embodiment the layer 15 is a nitrile rubber layer
made by combining Hycar 1042(NBR) (B.F. Goodrich) 100 parts by
weight with zinc oxide 1 part by weight, hydrated silica (HI-SIL
215), 40 parts by weight, Dicumyl peroxide 5 parts by weight and
then curing. The parts 16a-16c was made by mixing about 63 percent
by volume of Versalon 1140 (a polyamide adhesive) with 37 percent
by volume of silflake 135, and then coating it on the elastomeric
layer 15 after it is formed e.g., by using an artists air brush and
a screen or template having openings of the shape of the desired
parts 16a- 16c. Solvents such as toluene and 1-propanol as in
example 7 may be added to the Versalon 1140 and Silflake 135
solvents such as shown in U.S. Pat. 3,576,387 may be added to
permit easy spraying or coating e.g., by a knife. The solvents are
then permitted to evaporate in air. The conductive pattern (parts
16a-16c) can also be formed using printing techniques with the
above composition. It is preferred, in order to carry out the
screening process more effectively to replace toluene with a higher
boiling point solvent such as Aromatic 150, Butyl Carbitol, etc.,
conductive inks well known in the art can also be used.
The layer 15 and parts 16a-16c are positioned over an insualtor
plastic layer 17 e.g., of Mylar, acting as a separator and having a
plurality of openings or windows 17a extending therethrough in
alignment with windows 12. The rods 13a also extend through holes
17b in layer 17 to locate the layer 17 within the frame 10. See the
aforementioned patents for further disclosure of the separator
layer.
Below the layer 17 is a typical circuit board 18 e.g., of Bakelite
having a plurality of electrically conductive contacts or pathways
13a formed thereon. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,705,276 and 3,721,778 for
an illustration of various possible circuit configurations.
The circuit pattern may be formed conventionally from copper which
is etched, etc., as is well known in the printed circuit art or by
other well known printing techniques.
The electrical pathways are at least in part aligned with the
windows 17a so that the application of pressure (by a finger) to
the key or force applying layer 14 can push selected portions of
the layer 15 and the contactor 16a through the windows 17a against
the pathways 18a. In this manner electrical contact is made between
the contactors 16a and the pathways 18a.
When the force is withdrawn the resilience of the elastomeric layer
15 causes it to withdraw pulling the flexible contactors 16a back
with it and breaking electrical contact between contactors 16aand
the pathways 18a. Most preferably the thickness of the layer 15 is
at least 5times that of parts 16a-16c.
In order to make electrical contact with the electrically
conductive parts 16a -16c as well as the pathways 18a, there are
provided pins 20a- 20b retained with connector supports 21a and 21b
respectively with pin 20a in contact with part 16c and pin 20b in
contact with pathway 18a.
It should be understood that while preferred dimensions are given
for the layer 15 be just sufficient to provide the elasticity to
pull the parts 16a-16c back with after being depressed while the
parts 16a-16c should be preferably as thin as physically possible
to save as much money as possible so long as it provides good
electrical conductivity for use as contactors and pathways, and
does not flake off or separate (e.g. pull off) from the elastomeric
layer under these dynamic conditions.
The volume resistivity of the conductive parts 16a-16c is
preferably less than 10 ohm centimeters, more preferably less than
1 ohm centimeter and most preferably less than 0.5 ohm centimeters.
As used herein the term nonselfsupporting means that the layer
unless backed as shown would curl up and not be useful for its
intended purpose i.e., as keyboard contactors and pathways.
In FIG. 7 there is shown a button 30 preferabvly of non-conductive
plastic supported in a redesigned frame 31 and held in its
undepressed condition by a spring 32. The remainder of the keyboard
members are identical with that of FIGS. 1-5 and are so numbered.
Upon depression of the key 30 by a finger, the conductive contactor
16a is brought into contact with the pathway 18a.
FIG. 8 discloses another configuration for the contactors,
pathways, an interconnecting members and pin connecting members
attached to an elastomeric layer. In this embodiment, the
elastomeric layer is shown at 40 and supports flexible plastic
contactors 41 which are interconnected in a selected manner by
flexible conductive plastic pathways 42 to generate a coded output
at flexible conductive plastic pin interconnecting member 43.
Pins are coupled to the member 43 as shown in FIG. 2. In this
manner the logical capability of the keyboard device may be
expanded by providing another layer of logic circuitry in addition
to the logic circuitry provided on the circuit board.
* * * * *