U.S. patent number 3,850,519 [Application Number 05/323,159] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-26 for xerographic image transfer apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Xerox Corporation. Invention is credited to Donald J. Weikel, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,850,519 |
Weikel, Jr. |
November 26, 1974 |
XEROGRAPHIC IMAGE TRANSFER APPARATUS
Abstract
A shield for preventing premature transfer of xerographic toner
images from a photoconductive plate to a sheet of final support
material, both of which are being moved at synchronous speeds
through a transfer zone beneath a corona generating device. The
shield, which is made up of a grounded plate having a thin
dielectric coating thereover, is positioned within the generator
ion stream to prevent the charged ions from reaching the support
material prior to its being placed in contact with the
photoconductive plate. This device is particularly well suited to
prevent premature transfer of toner images in a machine environment
wherein a xerographic drum having a relatively small diameter is
utilized.
Inventors: |
Weikel, Jr.; Donald J.
(Rochester, NY) |
Assignee: |
Xerox Corporation (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23257962 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/323,159 |
Filed: |
January 12, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
399/316; 361/214;
361/220; 399/311 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/165 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/16 (20060101); G03g 015/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;355/3DD,3R ;317/262A
;118/637 ;250/324,325,326 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"Paper Entrance Guide", Beaudrot, IBM Technical Disclosure
Bulletin, Vol. 15, No. 2, July 1972, p. 520..
|
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Hutchison; Kenneth C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wall; Thomas J. Weinstein; Paul
Ralabate; James J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an image transfer apparatus including:
a photoconductive plate;
means for bringing a sheet of final support material into contact
with said plate at a transfer region;
means for transferring a toner image from said plate to said sheet,
said transferring means including a corona generator for generating
a corona stream comprising corona discharge means extending across
said plate and a shield partially enclosing said discharge means
and having an opening facing said plate;
the improvement comprising;
a conductive baffle positioned between said plate and said
generator, said baffle including means for guiding said sheet into
contact with said plate prior to said sheet being exposed to said
corona stream, a portion of said baffle extending partially between
said opening and said plate.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said baffle is comprised of a
conductive material which is placed at a ground potential.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the grounded conductive baffle
is coated with a dielectric material to minimize current flow
between the generator and said baffle.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the plate and the copy sheet
are both moved through the transfer region at synchronous
speeds.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the xerographic plate is a drum
having a relatively small diameter.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the dielectric coating is
between 0.003 and 0.005 inches thick.
7. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said generator is adapted to
produce a corona stream that is wider than the contact region
between said sheet and said plate at said transfer region.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the baffle includes a
conductive substrate biased to a potential between ground potential
and the operating potential of the generator to minimize current
flow therebetween.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the substrate is coated with a
thin dielectric layer to further minimize current flow where the
generator is in operation.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shield has a U-shaped
cross-section and said discharge means comprises a wire.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said baffle comprises an
elongated body which is pivotably mounted, said baffle including an
extended arm which projects between said shield and said plate,
said baffle resting against a locating means.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said guiding means comprises
an upwardly protruding surface of said baffle which is arranged to
engage the bottom surface of said sheet, said surface being adapted
to direct said sheet as it is moved thereover upwardly into contact
with said plate at a region shielded from said corona stream by
said arm.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus for electrically transferring a
xerographic toner image from an intermediate support surface onto a
sheet of final support material.
More specifically, this invention relates to apparatus for
electrically transferring the xerographic toner images from a
xerographic drum having a relatively small diameter onto a
substantially flat sheet of final support material. In the process
of xerography, a latent electrostatic image of an original to be
reproduced is created upon a photoconductive plate and the latent
image then developed or made visible by applying thereto a
specially prepared, oppositely charged finely divided toner
material. The fine toner particles, when brought into close
proximity with the latent image force field, are captured by the
force field and held on the plate in image configuration thus
rendering the latent image visible. Conventionally, a sheet of
plain copy paper, or any other similar suitable support material
having insulating properties, is placed in overlying contact with
the image bearing plate surface and the charged toner particles are
electrically transferred from the plate to the copy sheet.
Normally, image transfer is accomplished by spraying the back side
of the copy sheet with a corona discharge having a polarity
opposite that of the charged toner while the sheet is in contact
with the plate surface. Sufficient corona is deposited upon the
sheet to electrically couple the sheet to the grounded xerographic
plate. A force field acting normal to the sheet is thus created
between the two contacting bodies which causes the toner particles
to be electrically transferred from the plate to the copy
sheet.
In order to preserve the integrity of the toner image created upon
the plate surface, image transfer must be accomplished in a manner
wherein little or no agitation of the images is produced. It has
been found that it is extremely important, therefore, to avoid
charging the final support material prior to its being moved into
contact with the image recording plate. Bringing a prematurely
charged support sheet towards an image bearing plate causes the
toner to be momentarily lifted from the plate prior to contact. The
airborne toner particles, being of a like charge, tend to move away
from each other thus expanding the size of the image which
eventually comes in contact with the support material. As a
consequence, the image that is finally transferred to the sheet is
enlarged and generally has an undesirable haloed appearance.
In most automatic xerographic copying machines, this type of image
distress can be avoided by properly positioning the corona
generator in respect to the contact region whereby the corona
stream is applied to the sheet well after contact is established.
This particular arrangement, however, calls for a relatively long
contact zone being greater than the width of the corona stream, or
extremely accurate positioning of the generator. In some cases,
however, particularly in the case of compact copiers utilizing a
xerographic drum having a relatively small radius, the transfer or
contact zone is relatively small; smaller in fact than the corona
stream generated by most conventional corona generating devices
known and used in the art. As can be seen, in this situation, the
corona stream extends beyond the boundaries of the contact region
and premature charging of the support material can result.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve
apparatus for electrically transferring xerographic toner images
from a plate surface to a final support sheet.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an electrical
image transfer device for use in a compact copier having a
relatively restricted image transfer zone.
A still further object of the present invention is to prevent
premature charging of a copy sheet as the sheet is entering a
xerographic transfer station.
Yet another object of the present invention is to efficiently
transfer xerographic toner images in a machine environment wherein
the contact region between a receiving copy sheet and an image
bearing xerographic plate is more confined than the corona stream
utilized to effect transfer.
These and other objects of the present invention are attained by
means of an image transfer device comprised of a sheet feeding
apparatus arranged to bring a sheet of final support material into
overlying contact with a moving xerographic plate, a corona
generator mounted in close proximity to the plate surface adjacent
to the region where the sheet of final support material contacts
the plate, the generator being adapted to spray the back side of
the sheet with a corona discharge to effect an electrical transfer
of the toner images from the plate onto the sheet, and a grounded
conductive baffle having a dielectric coating thereon mounted
between the corona generator and the plate surface with the baffle
extending into the corona stream and being positioned to prevent
the stream from reaching the copy sheet prior to the sheet
contacting the image bearing plate.
For a better understanding of the invention, as well as other
objects and further features thereof, reference is had to the
following detailed description of the invention to be read in
connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates the image transfer apparatus of the present
invention embodied in an automatic xerographic machine employing a
reusable photoreceptor in the form of a relatively small diameter
drum;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of the baffle used to prevent
premature charging of the copy sheet.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a relatively small diameter image
recording drum 11 suitable for use in an automatic xerographic
copier is arranged to rotate in the direction indicated about a
horizontal support shaft 12 to transport the drum through a series
of xerographic processing stations. The drum is comprised of a
grounded substrate 13 over which is coated a photoconductive layer
14, such as selenium or the like. The photoconductive surface is
conventionally charged initially to a given positive potential and
then exposed to a light image of the original to be copied thereby
recording the image information on the photoreceptor in the form of
a latent electrostatic image. The latent image is next passed
through a xerographic development station 15 wherein the latent
image information is rendered visible by applying oppositely or
negatively charged toner particles to the image areas. The toner
image bearing drum surface is then transported through an image
transfer station 10 wherein the image is transferred to a sheet of
final support material in the manner described in greater detail
below.
In operation, cut sheets of final support material 17 are forwarded
through the transfer station in synchronous timed relation with the
developed images transported therethrough upon xerographic drum
surface. To accomplish the advancement of the final support sheets,
there is herein provided a sheet forwarding mechanism 19 made up of
a pair of cooperating advancing rolls 20, 21. In practice, the
sheet of support material is normally separated from a supply stack
(not shown) and properly registered with the moving drum surface
prior to its being brought into the nip of the advancing roll
assembly. The sheet is brought into the nip in engagement between
the rolls and advanced at drum speed towards the transfer station.
A guide plate 24 is positioned at the outlet side of the advancing
roll assembly and serves to direct the moving sheet into the image
transfer station.
Mounted within the transfer station are a pair of corona generators
30, 31 which are mounted in a side by side relationship as shown in
FIG. 1. The first generator 30, in the direction of drum rotation,
is a transfer generator which is herein employed to electrically
transfer the toner particles from the drum surface to the copy
sheet. The second generator, 31, is a sheet detacking generator
which serves to reduce or neutralize any electrical forces
generated during transfer which may tend to hold copy sheets onto
the drum surface and thus effect the release of the sheets from the
photoreceptor. For further information concerning the structure and
operation of this type of generator, reference is had to copending
U.S. application Ser. No. 200,253 filed Nov. 18, 1971.
Referring now more specifically to the transfer generator 30, this
discharge device is formed of a U-shaped conductive shield 31 which
extends longitudinally along the entire photoconductive drum
surface. The open end of the U-shaped grounded shield 32 is
arranged to face the drum surface adjacent to the region wherein
the copy sheet is advanced into contact with the photoreceptor.
Mounted within the shield is a corona generating wire 33 which is
electrically connected to a DC source of power 34. In operation, an
electrical potential is placed upon the wire which causes the wire
to emit a positive stream of corona through the shield opening onto
the back side of the copy sheet.
The grounded generator shield 32 acts as an electrical control in
the generating system and also serves to focus a uniform stream of
corona towards the copy sheet. The wire to shield spacing and the
generator shield opening are related, among other things, to the
power available to excite the wire. As disclosed by Vyverberg in
U.S. Pat. No. 2,836,725, a corona device having a wire of about
0.0035 inches in diameter which has an input of about 8000 volts DC
requires a shield opening of about 0.500 inches when operating
under optimum conditions. However, as the generator opening is made
more restrictive the power requirements of the generating system
will increase drastically. In fact, a point is soon reached where
the power requirements become prohibited in that the electrical
demands will exceed the power available in most copying machines.
In a machine environment, such as herein disclosed, where the
diameter of the xerographic drum is small and, as a consequence,
the contact zone between the drum and the flat copy sheet is
limited, it is quite possible that the corona stream that can be
produced to accomplish image transfer will be relatively larger, in
comparison, to the contact region. As a result, there will exist an
ever present danger that the corona stream will act outside the
boundaries of the contact region and thus produce an unwanted
premature charging of the copy sheet.
The apparatus of the present invention is provided with a control
baffle 40 which is capable of both physically and electrically
shielding the copy sheet from the corona stream until such time as
the copy sheet is well seated in contact with the xerographic plate
surface. In the present embodiment, the baffle forms a guide for
directing the copy sheet into contact with the plate surface prior
to its being exposed to the corona stream emitted by the generator
30. The baffle 40 is positioned adjacent to the drum surface in
close proximity therewith so that the sheet of final support
material, which is forwarded into the image transfer station by the
advancing roll members, is guided into tangential moving contact
with the moving photoreceptor surface prior to the sheets entering
the corona stream.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the baffle is comprised of an elongated
body 41, pivotably mounted at one end upon pivot pin 42, and an
extended arm 43 which projects horizontally between the generator
shield and the photoreceptor surface. The location of the baffle is
controlled by means of a locating pin 45 against which boss 46 on
the baffle rests. When the baffle is seated against the locating
pin, the extended arm 43 is physically positioned in the corona
stream emitted by generator 30 and physically shields a portion of
the plate from the corona stream.
As more clearly illustrated in FIG. 2, the upper surface of the
baffle is provided with an upwardly protruding surface 48 which is
arranged to engage the bottom surface of a copy sheet forwarded
into the transfer station. The surface is adapted to direct the
copy sheet moved thereover upwardly into contact with the
photoconductive plate with the region shielded from the corona
stream by arm 43 thus assuring that the sheet is well seated
against the drum prior to being exposed to the transfer stream.
The baffle is made up of a conductive metal substrate 49 that is
coated with a thin layer of dielectric material 50. The dielectric
coating is sufficiently thin whereby the electrostatic charge
directed thereupon by the transfer generator is felt internally by
the substrate. The substrate is grounded and thus is capable of
acting as a control device, in respect to the generator, to limit
the amount of charge that will be accepted upon the dielectric
coating. At the beginning of the corona generating operation, a
predetermined amount of corona is accepted upon the baffle.
Depending upon the thickness of the dielectric coating, any further
corona directed at the baffle is repelled therefrom by the
electrostatic field established thereon by the previously deposited
corona.
The apparatus of the present invention was employed in an automatic
xerographic system which included a xerographic drum having a
diameter of about 3.3 inches. The contact zone between the copy
sheet and the photoconductive surface varied from between
one-eighth of an inch and three-sixteenths of an inch depending
upon the weight of the support sheet in process. A corona generator
similar to that disclosed by Vyverberg was positioned adjacent to
the contact zone to accomplish a conventional electrical image
transfer of flow images from the plate to the copy sheet. Initially
the plate was charged to a positive potential of approximately 800
volts and the initial potential reduced in the background areas
during exposure to a value of about 300 volts. The image was
developed with a negatively charged toner material and transfer
accomplished by means of a single wire generator consisting of a 3
mil. tungsten wire positioned about 0.250 inches above the
photoreceptor surface adjusted to draw approximately +40 micro-amps
DC bare plate current. The generator was positioned within a
grounded shield having a one-half inch opening opposite the contact
zone. A baffle similar to the one herein described was positioned
at about 0.080 inches from the drum surface and brought under the
shield so as to extend into the corona stream. The baffle was
fabricated of a conductive metal substrate having a 0.003 to 0.005
inch coating of a dielectric material which was sprayed over the
metal substrate. The baffle acted both as a physical and an
electrical barrier to the corona stream to prevent premature
charging of the copy sheet and eliminated image distress.
Although the baffle substrate is placed at a ground potential in
the present embodiment, it is within the scope of the present
invention to bias the substrate to some potential other than ground
without departing from the teachings of the present invention. By
biasing the substrate to some voltage between ground potential and
the generator wire potential, the initial surge current that flows
from the corona generator to the baffle can be minimized and the
dielectric strength requirements of the baffle coating material can
be considerably relaxed. It should be clear, however, that this
bias voltage should be insufficient, by itself, to initiate
premature transfer of the toner material carried on the xerographic
plate surface.
While this invention has been described with reference to the
structure disclosed herein, it is not necessarily confined to the
details as set forth and this application is intended to cover such
modifications or changes as may come within the scope of the
following claims.
* * * * *