U.S. patent number 3,794,201 [Application Number 05/118,798] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-26 for securely closed containers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to United States Steel Corporation. Invention is credited to Herbert W. Galer.
United States Patent |
3,794,201 |
Galer |
February 26, 1974 |
SECURELY CLOSED CONTAINERS
Abstract
Containers are provided with ratchet locking mechanisms that
prevent loosening of closures from vibration or otherwise but may
be easily released when the closure is to be removed.
Inventors: |
Galer; Herbert W. (Circleville,
OH) |
Assignee: |
United States Steel Corporation
(Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
22380806 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/118,798 |
Filed: |
February 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/217;
222/153.09 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
55/022 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
55/02 (20060101); B65d 055/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,47,44,98 ;222/153
;220/39A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Callaghan; John E.
Claims
I claim:
1. For a hollow container having a body and a closure,
a. a pour opening in said body,
b. a closure adapted to close said pour opening to retain fluid
contents in said container,
c. and locking means associated with said body and said closure for
repeated, releasable, positive locking of said closure in fluid
retaining position in said pour opening,
1. said locking means having a ratchet annularly disposed about
said pour opening and carried by one member of said body and said
closure,
2. at least one pawl carried by the other member of said body and
said closure, operable to engage said ratchet to positively lock
said closure to said body against disengagement when said closure
is in fluid retaining relationship with said body,
d. and means for causing relative longitudinal restraining
engagement between said closure and said pour opening, said locking
means and said longitudinal restraining engagement means being in
conjunctive relationship so that said locking means is engageable
for positive locking while said longitudinal restraining means is
disengaged, and
e. said pour opening and said closure being located adjacent to an
edge of said body member and an elevated fluid engaging portion of
said body member being adjacent to said closure and pour opening
and cooperating to form a pouring surface.
2. For a hollow container having a thermoplastic body and
closure,
a. a pour opening in said body,
b. a closure adapted to close said pour opening to retain fluid
contents in said container,
c. and locking means associated with said body and said closure for
repeated releasable positive locking of said closure in fluid
retaining position in said pour opening,
1. said locking means having a ratchet annularly disposed about
said pour opening and carried by said body,
2. at least two pawls carried by said closure, operable to engage
said ratchet to positively lock said closure to said body against
disengagement when said closure is in fluid retaining relationship
with said body, said pawls being hingedly attached to and extending
outwardly from said closure and being disposed in the region of
said closure adjacent to said body,
d. and means for causing relative longitudinal restraining
engagement between said closure and said pour opening, said locking
means and said longitudinal restraining engagement means being in
conjunctive relationship so that each pawl of said locking means is
engageable for positive locking while said longitudinal restraining
means is disengaged, and
e. said pour opening and said closure being located adjacent to an
edge of said body member and an elevated fluid engaging portion of
said body member being adjacent to said closure and pour opening
and cooperating to form a pouring surface.
3. The container of claim 2 wherein said ratchet comprises a
semi-circular segment disposed about said pour opening and which
segment has its terminal portions adjacent to said pour
surface.
4. The container of claim 2 wherein said container body is made of
polyethylene and has a capacity of about 5 to 55 gallons.
5. The container of claim 2 wherein the closure and body contain an
additional security means to permanently engage the closure with
the body.
6. For a hollow container having a thermoplastic body and
closure,
a. a pour opening in said body,
b. a one-piece closure adapted to close said pour opening to retain
fluid contents in said container, said closure being in the form of
a cap with internal threads, and having pawls extending from the
surface of said cap,
c. and locking means associated with said body and said closure for
repeated, releasable, positive locking of said closure in fluid
retaining position in said pour opening,
1. said locking means having a ratchet annularly disposed about
said pour opening and carried by said body,
2. at least two pawls carried by said closure, said pawls being
disposed in the region of said closure adjacent to said body and
said pawls being hingedly attached to and extending outwardly from
the surface of said closure, said pawls being operable to engage
said ratchet to positively lock said closure to said body against
disengagement when said closure is in fluid retaining relationship
with said body,
d. and means on said body in the form of an externally threaded
spout about said pour opening for causing relative longitudinal
restraining engagement between said closure and said pour opening,
each pawl of said locking means being in conjunctive relationship
with said longitudinal restraining engagement so that said locking
means is engageable for positive locking while said longitudinal
engagement is disengaged.
7. The container of claim 6 wherein said container body is made of
polyethylene and has a capacity of about 5 to 55 gallons.
8. The container of claim 6 wherein said closure and body contain
an additional security means to permanently engage the closure with
the body.
9. The container of claim 6 wherein said pawls are spaced apart at
least one half the length of a ratchet element.
Description
This invention relates to containers and their associated closures
to prevent unwanted loosening of the closure from vibration during
transportation, small children and other causes. These containers
are to be securely closed even through repeated usage.
OBJECTS
It is among the objects of this invention to provide a container
with a body member having a pour opening and associated closure
member that are positively locked in fluid engaging relationship by
a pawl and ratchet means and by longitudinal restraining engagement
means. It is to provide such a container wherein there is a
conjunctive relationship between these means that requires the
locking means to be continuously engageable while the longitudinal
restraining means is disengaged. Further, either the body member or
the closure may carry either the pawl or the ratchet, selection of
the one determining the other. Other portions of the body member
may cooperate with the closure to form a pour surface and/or a
security seal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The containers of this invention have a body member with a pour
opening and a closure with longitudinal retaining means. There is
also a pawl and ratchet locking means with the ratchet annularly
disposed about the pour opening. Unless the engaged pawl and
ratchet are released, the closure is positively locked to the body
member; this pawl and ratchet may be used repeatedly during the
course of opening the closure and upon repeated use of the
container.
FIG. 1 illustrates the container.
FIG. 2 illustrates the closure having a plug engagement for the
pour opening.
FIG. 3 illustrates the closure having multiple pawls.
FIG. 4 illustrates the closure carrying a ratchet.
FIG. 5 illustrates the release member and ratchet of FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND DRAWINGS
In FIG. 1, the closure (1) and the body (4) together comprise a
container for fluids. When the closure is tightened upon the pour
spout, pawl (2) engages each member of the ratchet (5) annularly
disposed about the pour opening. As long as the closure is being
tightened, the pawl successively engages each ratchet member, this
provides positive locking of the closure against loosening. The
pawl will be in releasable engagement with the ratchet by means of
the release member (3) shown as an upstanding thumb lever. To
loosen the closure by disengagement from the pour opening, the
pawl-ratchet engagement must simultaneously be released by the
release member. Whenever the release member is not so used, the
pawl again locks with the ratchet to prevent loosening. By this
continuous engageability the closure is positively locked against
the body both while closing and loosening. The closure and pour
opening are shown adjacent to an edge of the body; the elevated
portion (6) of the body forms a liquid retention area so that the
pour opening and closure can form a pouring surface over the body
edge. Additionally, the body may have a handle (7) to transport the
container. In the handle is a security member (8), shown as a hole.
A similar security member (3a) may be on the pawl. These may be
used for threading tamper proof indicators such as sealed ribbons
or wires between the closure and handle.
The ratchet as shown is a full annular section about the pour
opening. It may also have the segment of teeth removed that are on
the edge of the body in the direct pour path of the pour opening in
order to have the edge molded properly and to facilitate pouring.
There will be enough remaining adjoining ratchet teeth in the
annular section to positively lock the closure to the body.
Both the closure and the body may be made of any suitable material,
such as thermoplastic resin, that has sufficient impact strength to
pass the four-foot drop test for containers in the interstate
shipment of harmful, dangerous or toxic liquids. The invention is
particularly suitable for polyethylene containers in which
loosening by vibration during transportation is an especially acute
problem.
The construction embraces wide mouth containers as well as those
having a relatively small pour opening. Tight head containers of 5
to 55 gallon capacity are especially preferred.
In FIG. 2, the closure (11) has a pawl (12) and a release member
(13). Instead of having longitudinal restraining means such as an
internally threaded cap with pour spout, this closure has a
threaded plug (14) to engage an appropriately threaded pour
opening. Again, a construction such as the elevated body portion
(6) shown in FIG. 1 would act to channel liquid being poured over
the edge of the body.
A multiple pawl structure is shown in FIG. 3. The closure (21) may
have two or more pawls (22) joined to a common release member (23).
These pawls may be spaced from each other a sufficient distance so
that one pawl will engage the full ratchet element surface when the
other pawl is not so engaged, a distance of at least one half the
length of a ratchet element being preferred.
The embodiment of the invention in which the closure is the member
carrying a ratchet is shown in FIG. 4. The closure (41) has a
ratchet (42) on the release member (43). On the body member, there
are one or more pawls corresponding to this ratchet. The release
member is slidingly engaged with the fluid retaining portion by the
keys (48) and key slots (46). Downward movement is stopped by the
mating of the retaining edge (44) with the retaining ring (47).
Compressible material (45) together with the keys fill the key
slots. By this combination, the closure may be tightened into a
pour opening and the ratchet will positively lock the closure in
each position against loosening. In order to open the pour opening,
the release member and ratchet must be slide free of engagement
with the pawls on the body while the closure is loosened.
In more detail, FIG. 5 shows the release member of FIG. 4 in
section. Release member (51) has key slots (54) that mate with
corresponding keys on the fluid retaining member as shown in FIG.
4. A multiplicity of key slots that extend through the upper
surface of the release member facilitates assembly of the closure.
These form split rings by which the retaining edges (53) may be
flexed enough to be force fitted over the retaining rings of the
fluid retaining member so that a molded plastic one-piece release
member may be used with the fluid retaining member. If the release
member is made in cylindrical sections, these may be assembled
about the fluid retaining member by adhesives or thermo welding.
Key slots (54) have enough compressible material (55) so that a
constant tension will be exerted against the keys to keep the
ratchet (52) engaged with its pawls. The slot itself is of a length
and width sufficient to allow the ratchet to be disengaged when the
release member is slid away from the ratchet.
The advantages of these constructions in the practice of the
invention are that the closure will be positively locked to the
body. Even if the closure is not fully secured to the body, the
locking mechanism will prevent loosening of the closure. Moreover,
the conjunctive relationship between the locking mechanism and the
longitudinal engaging means requires simultaneous disengagement of
these mechanisms to loosen the closures. This prevents accidental
openings by small children as well as vibrational loosening. The
manipulative technique to perform this simultaneous disengagement
may be easily done by one hand with the closure and body
combinations set forth above. The pour opening and closure may be
located on the top horizontal surface or on a vertical surface or
on an oblique surface of the body.
The invention set forth and described above includes not only the
embodiments specifically described but also the substantial
equivalents of these embodiments.
* * * * *