U.S. patent number 3,727,173 [Application Number 05/205,181] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-10 for zero-insertion force connector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Lewis S. Goldmann, Dexter A. Jeannotte, Bogdan Krall.
United States Patent |
3,727,173 |
Goldmann , et al. |
April 10, 1973 |
ZERO-INSERTION FORCE CONNECTOR
Abstract
A zero-insertion force connector comprising a supply means for
providing a thermal source and a base means adapted to support one
or more pairs of mating contacts. A reversible motion actuator
means comprising a temperature responsive nickel-titanium alloy is
adapted for connection to the mating contacts. The actuator means
is selectively responsive to the thermal source for opening the
mating contacts for providing zero-insertion force for an
electrical interconnection package having one or more pairs of
electrical contacts thereon.
Inventors: |
Goldmann; Lewis S. (Ossining,
NY), Jeannotte; Dexter A. (Clinton Corners, NY), Krall;
Bogdan (Wappingers Falls, NY) |
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation (Armonk, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22761140 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/205,181 |
Filed: |
December 6, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/267;
439/260 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
4/01 (20130101); H01R 13/193 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/02 (20060101); H01R 13/193 (20060101); H01R
4/01 (20060101); H01r 013/54 (); H01r 013/62 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/74,75,278 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin," Dickerson, Zero Insertion
Force Socket, 12/1969, Vol. 12, No. 7, p. 1,145..
|
Primary Examiner: McGlynn; Joseph H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A zero-insertion force connector comprising:
a. a supply means for providing a thermal source of energy,
b. a base means and at least one pair of mating contacts adapted to
be supported by said base means,
c. a reversible motion actuator means comprising a temperature
responsive nickel-titanium alloy adapted for connection to said at
least one pair of mating contacts,
d. the actuator means being selectively responsive to the thermal
source for opening said at least one pair of mating contacts for
providing zero-insertion force for an electrical interconnection
package.
2. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 1 further
including:
a. a plurality of pairs of mating contacts adapted to be supported
by said base means.
3. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 2 wherein:
a. said reversible motion actuator means comprises a first and a
second state, said first state being constituted by a relatively
high strength state and said second state being constituted by a
relatively low strength state, and
b. said reversible motion actuator means being responsive to said
thermal source of energy for switching from said first state to
said second state.
4. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 3 wherein:
a. said plurality of pairs of mating contacts are normally in a
state of compression, and
b. said reversible motion actuator means is responsive to said
thermal source of energy for switching from said second state to
said first state for opening said plurality of pairs of mating
contacts for providing zero-insertion force for an electrical
interconnection package having a plurality of electrical contacts
thereon.
5. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 4 wherein:
a. said supply means comprises a source of thermal heat for heating
said reversible motion actuator means above its transition
temperature for switching from its second state to its first
state.
6. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 4 wherein:
a. said plurality of pairs of mating contacts are normally biased
open in the absence of external forces,
b. said reversible motion actuator means comprises a temperature
responsive nickel-titanium alloy material which is in a first state
under ambient conditions, and
c. said reversible motion actuator means is responsive to said
thermal source of energy for switching from said first state to
said second state so as to allow said plurality of pairs of mating
contacts to be biased to their normally open state.
7. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 6 wherein:
a. said supply means for providing a thermal source of energy
comprises a cooling means for cooling said reversible motion
actuator means below its transition temperature for switching from
said first state to said second state.
8. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 4 further
including:
a. an insulating connector member adapted for engagement with said
plurality of pairs of mating contacts and with said reversible
motion actuator means.
9. A zero-insertion force connector as in claim 6 wherein:
a. said reversible motion actuator means is integrally connected
with said plurality of pairs of mating contacts.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Brief Description of the Prior Art
High density connector systems often require zero-insertion force
in order to prevent damage to one or both of the mating elements,
and in addition, require critical wipe tolerances to be met.
Zero-insertion force connectors have been previously designed based
on mechanical action, such as cam or louver; air pressure; and
thermal activation, such as solder reflow or bimetal systems.
However, these prior art zero-insertion force connectors often
require complex and costly mechanical arrange-ments, and thermal
activating units unsuitable for miniaturization. Also, many of the
prior art connectors require high power and will not operate at low
temperatures, again, necessary for micro-miniaturization.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
high density zero-insertion force connector which requires a
minimal number of mechanical elements, and which is extremely
suitable for micro-miniaturization because of its small size, low
power and low temperature requirements.
In accordance with the aforementioned objects, the present
invention provides a zero-insertion force connector comprising a
base means for supporting a plurality of opposed matching contacts.
A reversible motion actuator comprising a nickel-titanium
temperature responsive alloy is adapted for connection to the
plurality of matching opposed contacts and is selectively
responsive to a source of heat for opening the matching opposed
contacts in order to allow zero-insertion force of an electrical
interconnection package therewith.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the
invention will be apparent from the following more particular
description of the preferred embodiment of the invention as
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a partial, broken-away, perspective illustrating a
preferred zero-insertion force connector embodiment.
FIGS. 2 through 4, inclusive, illustrate alternative structural
versions for connecting the opposed matching contacts to a
temperature responsive actuator comprising a titanium-nickel
alloy.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Nickel-titanium alloys in the range of 53-57 percent nickel possess
unique properties. A set shape is "memorized" by the material when
it is formed and heated to approximately 1,000.degree. F.
Thereafter, it may be deformed in practically any manner, up to
strains of about 10 percent. Once the material or part is heated to
a particular transition temperature, it reverts towards or closely
to its "memorized" shape, accompanied by the exertion of large
mechanical forces. It is believed that the recovery to the
"memorized" shape is due to a martensitic-type transformation.
In addition to its memory property, this material exhibits a
quasi-discrete change in properties at its transition temperature.
Below its transition temperature, the material is quite soft and
deformable, for example, a Young's Modulus of about 4 .times.
10.sup.6 psi, and a yield strength of approximately 12,000 psi.
Above the transition temperature, the material becomes much more
rigid, for example, a Young's Modulus of about 12 .times. 10.sup.6
psi, and a yield strength of approximately 90,000 psi. The
transition temperature can be varied as a function of the
nickel-titanium composition.
A particular nickel-titanium composition of approximately 55
percent nickel by weight is nominally the equiatomic stochiometric
compound of nickel and titanium. Varying the nickel concentration
between 53 and 57 percent will alter the transition temperature
while still retaining the memory property. The range of transition
temperatures, between -10.degree. C to above 100.degree. C can be
further extended in the low temperature direction by partial
substitution of nickel by cobalt.
FIG. 1 illustrates a zero-insertion force connector employing a
nickel-titanium alloy having the above-described properties. A base
member 10 is adapted to receive a plurality of pins at a plurality
of electrical conductive openings 12. Another substrate 14, formed
of a suitable insulative material, supports a plurality of pins 16
integrally formed therein and adaptable for mating with the
openings 12.
A plurality of pairs of matching spring contacts designated at 20
are integrally and fixedly mounted into the upper surface of the
insulative substrate 14 in order to electrically contact their
respective pins 16 located on the under side of the substrate
14.
A plurality of nickel-titanium reversible motion actuator means are
also rigidly mounted on the upper surface of the insulative
substrate 14. The actuator means, only two of which are shown for
purposes of simplicity, comprise a suitably formed nickel-titanium
actuator bar 22 and 23. A source of heat is supplied to each
individual actuator bar 22 by means of an electrical heating coil
24 and 25 surrounding the actuator bar 22 and 23, respectively.
Electrical energy is supplied to the heating coil in a conventional
manner, e.g. at a pair of terminals 26 and 28. A pair of insulator
connector means 30 and 32 are employed to connect the actuator bar
26 to the pairs of spring contacts 20. An opening such as 34 is
formed in the actuator connecting means 32 in order to slidably
engage the actuator bar 22. Similarly, a plurality of passages 40
slidably engage the ends of the matching contacts 20 so as to
complete the mechanical connection between the actuator elements
and the spring contacts.
In order to insert an electrical interconnection substrate 48
having a plurality of electrical contacts 50 thereon, electrical
energy is supplied to the heating coils 24 and 25 in order to heat
the plurality of actuator bars 22 and 23 above their transition
temperature. This force is transmitted via the connecting members
30 and 32 in order to move the pairs of matching contact springs to
an open position so as to allow zero-insertion force of the
substrate 48. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the nickel-titanium
actuator bars 22 revert to the "memorized" shape upon heating above
its transition temperature. As the source of heat is removed and
the material is cooled below its transition temperature, the metal
becomes soft and deformable, that is, it possesses a much lower
Young's Modulus and yield strength properties. Below the transition
temperature, the force exerted by the actuator bars 22 and 23 are
insufficient to overcome the natural compressive force of the
mating matching contacts 20 and thus, they return to a closed
position. In other words, below the transition temperature, the
force exerted by the plurality of pairs of metal contact springs
20, selected and formed of a spring metal normally in a compressive
state, is greater and overcomes the force exerted by plurality of
actuator bars 22 and 23.
FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment comprising a tuning fork
contact assembly 60 including a lower horseshoe portion 62
extending outwardly to a pair of matching spring contact arms 64
and 66. In this embodiment, the nickel-titanium reversible motion
actuator comprising a temperature responsive nickel-titanium alloy
comprises a horseshoe loop element 68. The electrical heating
elements for raising the actuator element 68 above its transition
temperature is schematically depicted by the contact leads 70 and
72.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the actuator element 68 is formed from
commercially available nickel-titanium strips. In order to form the
loop 68, strips of the material are shaped in a die to the desired
memory shape, and annealed at 935.degree. F for 30 minutes and then
water quenched. The tuning fork contact element 62 is formed from a
rectangular beryllium copper stock. In this embodiment, the pair of
contact arms 64 and 66 are normally in a state of compression while
the actuator element 68 is in a soft or ductile state below the
transition temperature. In order to open the contact arms 64 and 66
for zero-insertion force of an electrical interconnection substrate
(not shown) the actuator 68 is raised above its transition
temperature by the application of a source of electricity to the
terminals 70 and 72. This open position is illustrated in FIG. 3.
In this state, the actuator element 68 is above its transition
temperature and therefore, in its memory or high strength
state.
FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment wherein the composition of
the nickel alloy is changed. Again, a pair of curved contact arms
80 and 82 are supported by an insulating block 84. In this
instance, the actuator elements comprise a pair of semicircular
arms 86 and 88 suitably mounted for support within the base means
84. An electrical interconnection substrate is shown at 90.
In this embodiment, the arms 80 and 82 are fabricated from
conventional spring metal but are constructed such that they are in
an open position without the restraining force supplied by the
nickel-titanium alloy actuator arms 86 and 88. Thus, by appropriate
selection of the nickel-titanium composition, the actuator arms 86
and 88 are in a high strength or memory state during ambient
conditions, in order to maintain the contact arms 80 and 82 in a
closed position.
In order to open the contact arms 80 and 82, a cooling source is
directed at the actuator arms 86 and 88, such as a blast of cold
air having a temperature below that of the ambient atmosphere. At a
temperature below its transition temperature, the arms 86 and 88
revert to their low strength state and allow the contact arms 80
and 82 to open in order to accommodate the insertion of the
interconnection substrate 90 carrying contacts (not shown). This
differs from the previous embodiments in that the memory or high
strength state of the actuator arms 86 and 88 is employed to
maintain the contacts 80 and 82 in a closed position. In other
words, when the connector assembly is accommodating the electrical
substrate 90, the ambient atmosphere provides a temperature which
is above the transition temperature of the actuator elements 86 and
88.
The described embodiments provide a zero-insertion force connector
which is extremely reliable as to the repeatability of contact
opening and closing over an extended duty-cycle lifetime.
Additionally, it differs from the known or standard bi-metallic
strip in that it affords an actuator element having much higher
deflection capabilities which function in a distinct on-off mode.
In contradistinction, bi-metallic strips possess lower deflection
capabilities and these mechanical displacements are of a
proportional nature and do not respond in the positive on-off
manner as that of the present invention.
One mentioned primary advantage of the present invention resides in
the highly reliable gap opening repeatability within those
tolerances over a great number of cycles. It was found that for
various configurations of the nickel-alloy actuator elements, it is
sometimes necessary to exercise the nickel-alloy actuator elements
in order to stabilize the gap opening repeatability. That is, after
the die molding and the water quenching steps set the nickel-alloy
material to its desired memory state, a number of opening and
closing or exercising steps are required in order to stabilize the
contact gap repeatability.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with
reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be
understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other
changes in form and details may be made therein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *