U.S. patent number 11,375,452 [Application Number 16/790,575] was granted by the patent office on 2022-06-28 for wakeup grouping for discontinuous reception operation.
This patent grant is currently assigned to QUALCOMM Incorporated. The grantee listed for this patent is QUALCOMM Incorporated. Invention is credited to Tao Luo, Wooseok Nam.
United States Patent |
11,375,452 |
Nam , et al. |
June 28, 2022 |
Wakeup grouping for discontinuous reception operation
Abstract
Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are
described. Some wireless communications systems (e.g., millimeter
wave (mmW) systems) may support user equipment (UEs) operating in a
discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. A UE, in these wireless
communications systems, may receive signaling configuring the UE
with a set of wakeup grouping sets. Each of the set of wakeup
grouping sets may identify a set of groups of one or more UEs. The
UE may subsequently receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring
occasion for wakeup signals, and determine that the received wakeup
signal indicates a group in a wakeup grouping set of the set of
wakeup grouping sets that includes the UE. In response, the UE may
initiate a wakeup procedure.
Inventors: |
Nam; Wooseok (San Diego,
CA), Luo; Tao (San Diego, CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
QUALCOMM Incorporated |
San Diego |
CA |
US |
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Assignee: |
QUALCOMM Incorporated (San
Diego, CA)
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Family
ID: |
1000006399838 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/790,575 |
Filed: |
February 13, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20200267646 A1 |
Aug 20, 2020 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62806695 |
Feb 15, 2019 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W
72/14 (20130101); H04W 76/28 (20180201); H04W
52/0216 (20130101); H04W 52/0219 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08C
17/00 (20060101); H04W 72/14 (20090101); H04W
52/02 (20090101); H04W 76/28 (20180101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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WO-2018175760 |
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Sep 2018 |
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WO |
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Other References
International Search Report and Written
Opinion--PCT/US2020/018232--ISA/EPO--dated Jun. 5, 2020. cited by
applicant .
LG Electronics: "Wake up signal design in NB-IoT", 3GPP Draft, 3GPP
TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #92bis, R1-1804521, 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP), Mobile Competence Centre, 650, Route Des Lucioles,
F-06921 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France, vol. RAN WG1, No. Sanya,
China, Apr. 16, 2018-Apr. 20, 2018, Apr. 15, 2018 (Apr. 15, 2018),
XP051426791, 11 pages, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Meetings%5F3GPP%5FSYNC/RAN1/Docs/.
[retrieved on Apr. 15, 2018] Sections 2 and 3. cited by
applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Ahmed; Atique
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Holland & Hart LLP
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE
The present Applications for Patent claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 62/806,695 by Nam et al.,
entitled "WAKEUP GROUPING FOR DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION OPERATION,"
filed Feb. 15, 2019, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expressly
incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE),
comprising: receiving signaling configuring the UE with a plurality
of wakeup grouping sets and a plurality of monitoring occasions,
each monitoring occasion of the plurality of monitoring occasions
comprising a plurality of resources, each monitoring occasion
corresponding to a respective wakeup grouping set of the plurality
of wakeup grouping sets, and each of the plurality of wakeup
grouping sets identifying a plurality of groups of one or more UEs,
wherein the UE is a member of a first group of the plurality of
groups associated with a first wakeup grouping set, and a member of
a second group of the plurality of groups associated with a second
wakeup grouping set, wherein the first group is different from the
second group; receiving a wakeup signal during a monitoring
occasion of the plurality of monitoring occasions for wakeup
signals associated with the first wakeup grouping set; determining,
based at least in part on the monitoring occasion being for wakeup
signals associated with the first wakeup grouping set, that the
received wakeup signal indicates the first group in the first
wakeup grouping set; and initiating a wakeup procedure for the UE
based at least in part on the determining.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying a hopping
pattern for the plurality of wakeup grouping sets; and determining
the first wakeup grouping set for the monitoring occasion according
to the identified hopping pattern.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: identifying an index
associated with the monitoring occasion, the index comprising a
system frame number, or a discontinuous reception cycle index, or a
frequency resource index, or a carrier index, or a combination
thereof; and determining the first wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern and
the index associated with the monitoring occasion.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: attempting to decode
the received wakeup signal according to a plurality of decoding
hypotheses that correspond to the plurality of wakeup grouping
sets; determining a successful decoding hypothesis of the plurality
of decoding hypotheses; and identifying the first wakeup grouping
set is associated with the monitoring occasion based at least in
part on the first wakeup grouping set corresponding to the
successful decoding hypothesis.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the signaling
configuring the UE with the plurality of wakeup grouping sets
comprises: receiving radio resource control signaling from a base
station indicating the plurality of wakeup grouping sets.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein each group of the plurality of
groups is associated with a different resource of the plurality of
resources than each other group of the plurality of groups.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the different resource comprises
a frequency resource, or a time resource, or a control channel
signaling type, or a reference signal type, or a data payload, or a
radio network temporary identifier, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the received wakeup signal
comprises one or more reference signals, or control channel
signaling, or one or more predetermined sequences, or a combination
thereof.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more reference signals
comprise a channel state information reference signal, or a
tracking reference signal, or a demodulation reference signal, or a
synchronization signal, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more predetermined
sequences comprise a pseudo-noise code sequence, or a Gold
sequence, or a Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: monitoring a control
channel subsequent to initiating the wakeup procedure, wherein
first resources of the monitored control channel are different than
second resources of the monitoring occasion for wakeup signals;
receiving, within the control channel, a grant from a base station
serving the UE; and communicating with the base station based at
least in part on the grant.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring occasion
comprises a pre-wakeup window of a connected mode discontinuous
reception cycle.
13. A method for wireless communication at a base station,
comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), signaling
configuring the UE with a plurality of wakeup grouping sets and a
plurality of monitoring occasions, each monitoring occasion of the
plurality of monitoring occasions comprising a plurality of
resources, each monitoring occasion corresponding to a respective
wakeup grouping set of the plurality of wakeup grouping sets, and
each of the plurality of wakeup grouping sets identifying a
plurality of groups of one or more UEs, wherein the UE is a member
of a first group of the plurality of groups associated with a first
wakeup grouping set, and a member of a second group of the
plurality of groups associated with a second wakeup grouping set,
wherein the first group is different from the second group;
determining, for a monitoring occasion of the plurality of
monitoring occasions and based at least in part on the monitoring
occasion being for wakeup signals associated with the first wakeup
grouping set, the first wakeup grouping set comprises the first
group; and transmitting, during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup
signal for the first group according to the determined first wakeup
grouping set.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: identifying a
hopping pattern for the plurality of wakeup grouping sets; and
determining the first wakeup grouping set for the monitoring
occasion according to the identified hopping pattern.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: identifying an
index associated with the monitoring occasion, the index comprising
a system frame number, or a discontinuous reception cycle index, or
a frequency resource index, or a carrier index, or a combination
thereof; and determining the first wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern and
the index associated with the monitoring occasion.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein transmitting the signaling
configuring the UE with the plurality of wakeup grouping sets
comprises: transmitting radio resource control signaling indicating
the plurality of wakeup grouping sets.
17. The method of claim 13, further comprising: identifying a third
group of the first wakeup grouping set for one or more additional
UEs; and wherein transmitting the wakeup signal for the first group
comprises: transmitting, during the monitoring occasion, the wakeup
signal for the first group using a first set of resources and for
the third group for the one or more additional UEs on a second set
of resources.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein each group of the plurality of
groups is associated with a different resource of the plurality of
resources than each other group of the plurality of groups.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the different resource
comprises a frequency resource, or a time resource, or a control
channel signaling type, or a reference signal type, or a data
payload, or a radio network temporary identifier, or a combination
thereof.
20. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitted wakeup signal
comprises one or more reference signals, or control channel
signaling, or one or more predetermined sequences, or a combination
thereof.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more reference
signals comprise a channel state information reference signal, or a
tracking reference signal, or a demodulation reference signal, or a
synchronization signal, or a combination thereof.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more predetermined
sequences comprise a pseudo-noise code sequence, or a Gold
sequence, or a Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a combination thereof.
23. The method of claim 13, further comprising: transmitting, to
the UE, a grant within a control channel subsequent to the
monitoring occasion, wherein first resources of the control channel
are different than second resources of the monitoring occasion for
wakeup signals; and communicating with the UE based at least in
part on the grant.
24. The method of claim 13, wherein the monitoring occasion
comprises a pre-wakeup window of a connected mode discontinuous
reception cycle.
25. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a
processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor;
and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the
processor to cause the apparatus to: receive signaling configuring
the apparatus with a plurality of wakeup grouping sets and a
plurality of monitoring occasions, each monitoring occasion of the
plurality of monitoring occasions comprising a plurality of
resources, each monitoring occasion corresponding to a respective
wakeup grouping set of the plurality of wakeup grouping sets, and
each of the plurality of wakeup grouping sets identifying a
plurality of groups of one or more apparatuses, wherein the
apparatus is a member of a first group of the plurality of groups
associated with a first wakeup grouping set, and a member of a
second group of the plurality of groups associated with a second
wakeup grouping set, wherein the first group is different from the
second group; receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring occasion
of the plurality of monitoring occasions for wakeup signals
associated with the first wakeup grouping set; determine, based at
least in part on the monitoring occasion being for wakeup signals
associated with the first wakeup grouping set, that the received
wakeup signal indicates the first group in the first wakeup
grouping set; and initiate a wakeup procedure for the apparatus
based at least in part on the determining.
26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify a
hopping pattern for the plurality of wakeup grouping sets; and
determine the first wakeup grouping set for the monitoring occasion
according to the identified hopping pattern.
27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further
executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify an
index associated with the monitoring occasion, the index comprising
a system frame number, or a discontinuous reception cycle index, or
a frequency resource index, or a carrier index, or a combination
thereof; and determine the first wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern and
the index associated with the monitoring occasion.
28. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a
processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor;
and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the
processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit, to a user equipment
(UE), signaling configuring the UE with a plurality of wakeup
grouping sets and a plurality of monitoring occasions, each
monitoring occasion of the plurality of monitoring occasions
comprising a plurality of resources, each monitoring occasion
corresponding to a respective wakeup grouping set of the plurality
of wakeup grouping sets, and each of the plurality of wakeup
grouping sets identifying a plurality of groups of one or more UEs,
wherein the UE is a member of a first group of the plurality of
groups associated with a first wakeup grouping set, and a member of
a second group of the plurality of groups associated with a second
wakeup grouping set, wherein the first group is different from the
second group; determine, for a monitoring occasion of the plurality
of monitoring occasions and based at least in part on the
monitoring occasion being for wakeup signals associated with the
first wakeup grouping set, the first wakeup grouping set comprises
the first group; and transmit, during the monitoring occasion, a
wakeup signal for the first group according to the determined first
wakeup grouping set.
29. The method of claim 1, wherein each resource of the plurality
of resources for the monitoring occasion corresponds to a
respective group of the plurality of groups.
Description
BACKGROUND
The following relates generally to wireless communications, and
more specifically to wakeup grouping for discontinuous reception
(DRX) operation.
Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide
various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet
data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable
of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the
available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power).
Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation
(4G) systems such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems,
LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth
generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR)
systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code
division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access
(TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal
frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier
transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple-access communications system may
include a number of base stations or network access nodes, each
simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication
devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE).
A wireless multiple access communications system may include a
number of base stations or network access nodes, each
simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication
devices, which may be otherwise known as a user equipment (UE).
Some wireless communications systems may support UEs operating in a
DRX mode. UEs in a DRX mode may transition between a sleep state
for power conservation and an active state for data transmission
and reception (during an on duration) according to a wakeup signal.
Conventional techniques for processing wakeup signals in a DRX mode
are deficient.
SUMMARY
In a wireless communications system where there is a traffic
imbalance among user equipments (UEs), using standing UE-specific
and group-specific wakeup signal configurations, some or all UEs
may experience a power penalty due to the UEs waking up
unnecessarily. The described techniques relate to improved methods,
systems, devices, and apparatuses that support wakeup grouping for
discontinuous reception (DRX) operation. Generally, the described
techniques address the shortcomings of standing UE-specific and
group-specific wakeup signal configurations by configuring the UEs
with a set of wakeup grouping sets. Each wakeup grouping set may
identify a set of groups of one or more UEs, and for each wakeup
grouping set, the UEs may be a member of at least one group of each
of the wakeup grouping sets. Configuring different wakeup grouping
sets may allow a scheduling base station to more efficiently and
flexibly schedule and group UEs to reduce unnecessary wakeups of
UEs for which no transmissions are scheduled. In some examples, the
set of wakeup grouping sets may follow a hopping pattern to further
reduce occurrences of false wakeups for UEs. By configuring
different wakeup grouping sets, the power penalty of false wakeups
may be reduced by sharing the power penalty across the UEs. In this
way, the use of wakeup grouping sets described herein may
efficiently use resources to support wakeup procedures for multiple
UEs with minimal power penalties to the UEs.
A method of wireless communication at a UE is described. The method
may include receiving signaling configuring the UE with a set of
wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup grouping sets
identifying a set of groups of one or more UEs, receiving a wakeup
signal during a monitoring occasion for wakeup signals, determining
that the received wakeup signal indicates a group in a wakeup
grouping set of the wakeup grouping sets, where the group includes
the UE, and initiating a wakeup procedure for the UE based on the
determining.
An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus
may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with
the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The
instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the
apparatus to receive signaling configuring the apparatus with a set
of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup grouping sets
identifying a set of groups of one or more apparatuses, receive a
wakeup signal during a monitoring occasion for wakeup signals,
determine that the received wakeup signal indicates a group in a
wakeup grouping set of the wakeup grouping sets, where the group
includes the apparatus, and initiate a wakeup procedure for the
apparatus based on the determining.
Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The
apparatus may include means for receiving signaling configuring the
apparatus with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of
wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or more
apparatuses, receiving a wakeup signal during a monitoring occasion
for wakeup signals, determining that the received wakeup signal
indicates a group of a wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup
grouping sets that includes the apparatus, and initiating a wakeup
procedure for the apparatus based on the determining.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless
communication at a UE is described. The code may include
instructions executable by a processor to receive signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs, receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring occasion for
wakeup signals, determine that the received wakeup signal indicates
a group in a wakeup grouping set of the wakeup grouping sets, where
the group includes the UE, and initiate a wakeup procedure for the
UE based on the determining.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a
hopping pattern for the set of wakeup grouping sets, and
determining the wakeup grouping set for the monitoring occasion
according to the identified hopping pattern.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying an
index associated with the monitoring occasion, the index including
a system frame number, or a DRX cycle index, or a frequency
resource index, or a carrier index, or a combination thereof, and
determining the wakeup grouping set for the monitoring occasion
according to the identified hopping pattern and the index
associated with the monitoring occasion.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for attempting to
decode the received wakeup signal according to a set of decoding
hypotheses that correspond to the set of wakeup grouping sets,
determining a successful decoding hypothesis of the set of decoding
hypotheses, and identifying the wakeup grouping set as
corresponding to the successful decoding hypothesis.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the signaling
configuring the UE with the set of wakeup grouping sets may include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving radio
resource control signaling from a base station indicating the set
of wakeup grouping sets.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, each group of the set of
groups may be associated with a different resource than each other
group of the set of groups.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the resource includes a
frequency resource, or a time resource, or a control channel
signaling type, or a reference signal type, or a data payload, or a
radio network temporary identifier, or a combination thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, for each wakeup grouping
set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the one or more UEs may be
members of at least one group of the set of groups.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the received wakeup
signal includes one or more reference signals, or control channel
signaling, or one or more predetermined sequences, or a combination
thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more
reference signals include a channel state information reference
signal, or a tracking reference signal, or a demodulation reference
signal, or a synchronization signal, or a combination thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more
predetermined sequences include a pseudo-noise code sequence, or a
Gold sequence, or a Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a combination
thereof.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for monitoring a
control channel subsequent to initiating the wakeup procedure.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, within
the control channel, a grant from a base station serving the UE,
and communicating with the base station based on the grant.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the resources of the
monitored control channel may be different than resources of the
monitoring occasion for wakeup signals.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the monitoring occasion
includes a pre-wakeup window of a connected mode DRX cycle.
A method of wireless communication at a base station is described.
The method may include transmitting, to a UE, signaling configuring
the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of
wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or more
UEs, determining, for a monitoring occasion, a wakeup grouping set
of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the determined wakeup grouping
set including a group that includes the UE, and transmitting,
during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup signal for the group
according to the determined wakeup grouping set.
An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus
may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with
the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The
instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the
apparatus to transmit, to a UE, signaling configuring the UE with a
set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup grouping
sets identifying a set of groups of one or more UEs, determine, for
a monitoring occasion, a wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup
grouping sets, the determined wakeup grouping set including a group
that includes the UE, and transmit, during the monitoring occasion,
a wakeup signal for the group according to the determined wakeup
grouping set.
Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The
apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a UE, signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs, determining, for a monitoring occasion, a wakeup grouping
set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the determined wakeup
grouping set including a group that includes the UE, and
transmitting, during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup signal for
the group according to the determined wakeup grouping set.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless
communication at a base station is described. The code may include
instructions executable by a processor to transmit, to a UE,
signaling configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets,
each of the set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups
of one or more UEs, determine, for a monitoring occasion, a wakeup
grouping set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the determined
wakeup grouping set including a group that includes the UE, and
transmit, during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup signal for the
group according to the determined wakeup grouping set.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a
hopping pattern for the set of wakeup grouping sets, and
determining the wakeup grouping set for the monitoring occasion
according to the identified hopping pattern.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying an
index associated with the monitoring occasion, the index including
a system frame number, or a DRX cycle index, or a frequency
resource index, or a carrier index, or a combination thereof, and
determining the wakeup grouping set for the monitoring occasion
according to the identified hopping pattern and the index
associated with the monitoring occasion.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the
signaling configuring the UE with the set of wakeup grouping sets
may include operations, features, means, or instructions for
transmitting radio resource control signaling indicating the set of
wakeup grouping sets.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a
second group of the wakeup grouping set for one or more additional
UEs, and where transmitting the wakeup signal for the group that
includes the UE includes: transmitting, during the monitoring
occasion, the wakeup signal for the group that includes the UE
using a first set of resources and for the second group for the one
or more additional UEs on a second set of resources.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, each group of the set of
groups may be associated with a different resource than each other
group of the set of groups.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the resource includes a
frequency resource, or a time resource, or a control channel
signaling type, or a reference signal type, or a data payload, or a
radio network temporary identifier, or a combination thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, for each wakeup grouping
set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the one or more UEs may be
members of at least one group of the set of groups.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the transmitted wakeup
signal includes one or more reference signals, or control channel
signaling, or one or more predetermined sequences, or a combination
thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more
reference signals include a channel state information reference
signal, or a tracking reference signal, or a demodulation reference
signal, or a synchronization signal, or a combination thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more
predetermined sequences include a pseudo-noise code sequence, or a
Gold sequence, or a Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a combination
thereof.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein may further include
operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to
the UE, a grant within a control channel subsequent to the
monitoring occasion, and communicating with the UE based on the
grant.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the resources of the
control channel may be different than resources of the monitoring
occasion for wakeup signals.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory
computer-readable medium described herein, the monitoring occasion
includes a pre-wakeup window of a connected mode DRX cycle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate examples of wireless communications
systems that support wakeup grouping for discontinuous reception
(DRX) operation in accordance with aspects of the present
disclosure.
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate examples of wakeup procedure timelines
that support wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a process flow that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support wakeup
grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure.
FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that
supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure.
FIGS. 10 and 11 show block diagrams of devices that support wakeup
grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure.
FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that
supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system including a device that
supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
FIGS. 14 through 18 show flowcharts illustrating methods that
support wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Some wireless communications systems (e.g., millimeter wave (mmW)
systems) may support user equipment (UEs) operating in a
discontinuous reception (DRX) mode (e.g., a connected DRX (C-DRX)
mode). A base station (e.g., eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB
or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB)) may
serve a large number of UEs within a cell. To efficiently use
wakeup signals, the base station may differentiate the wakeup
signals intended for group of UEs based in part on a wakeup signal
configuration, which may include a set of wakeup grouping sets.
Each wakeup grouping set may include at least one group of one or
more UEs, and each UE may be a member of at least one group within
a wakeup grouping set. By way of example, when in a DRX mode, a
group of UEs may monitor for wakeup signals according to the wakeup
signal configuration. If the UEs receive a wakeup signal that
indicates a group to which the UEs are a member, the UEs may
determine that the wakeup signal is intended for the UEs. According
to this determination, the UEs may initiate a wakeup procedure and
transition to an active mode for data transmission and reception.
However, if the UEs detect a wakeup signal that does not correspond
to a group to which the UEs are a member, the UEs may determine
that the wakeup signal is not intended for the UEs (e.g., intended
for a different UE) and may not wake up. In this way, a set of
wakeup grouping sets may reduce the number of false wakeups
performed by the UEs and improving the power savings at the
UEs.
Further, the techniques described herein may reduce or eliminate
latencies associated with processes related to wakeup signaling for
a DRX operation, and more specifically enable the base station to
configure the UEs with wakeup grouping for the DRX operation to
improve power savings of the UEs. As a result, the UEs may
experience reduced occurrences of false wakeups, or no false
wakeups. For example, in a traffic imbalance scenario, some UEs may
have relatively high downlink traffic, while other UEs may have
relatively low traffic. For example, one UE may have downlink
traffic, while other UEs may have no data traffic. In such example,
if a single wakeup grouping set is configured, the others UEs may
continuously wake up unnecessarily, thereby incurring a power
penalty (e.g., using power to wake up from a sleep state). By
configuring different wakeup grouping sets and corresponding
different wakeup signal resources (e.g., according to a hopping
pattern), the power penalty of false wakeups may be reduced by
sharing the power penalty across all the UEs.
Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of
wireless communications systems. Additional aspects of the
disclosure are described with respect to a wakeup procedure
timeline and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further
illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams,
system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to wakeup grouping for
DRX operation.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system
100 that supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance
with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications
system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network
130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may
be a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)
network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some
cases, wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced
broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical)
communications, low latency communications, or communications with
low-cost and low-complexity devices.
Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one
or more base station antennas. Base stations 105 described herein
may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a
base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a
radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNB, a next-generation NodeB or
giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home
NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. Wireless
communications system 100 may include base stations 105 of
different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs
115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types
of base stations 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs,
small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like.
Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular
geographic coverage area 110 in which communications with various
UEs 115 is supported. Each base station 105 may provide
communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area
110 via communication links 125, and communication links 125
between a base station 105 and a UE 115 may utilize one or more
carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications
system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base
station 105, or downlink transmissions from a base station 105 to a
UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward link
transmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse
link transmissions.
The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be
divided into sectors making up a portion of the geographic coverage
area 110, and each sector may be associated with a cell. For
example, each base station 105 may provide communication coverage
for a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of
cells, or various combinations thereof. In some examples, a base
station 105 may be movable and therefore provide communication
coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110. In some
examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with
different technologies may overlap, and overlapping geographic
coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be
supported by the same base station 105 or by different base
stations 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include,
for example, a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro or NR network in
which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for
various geographic coverage areas 110.
The term "cell" refers to a logical communication entity used for
communication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier), and
may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring
cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell
identifier (VCID)) operating via the same or a different carrier.
In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and
different cells may be configured according to different protocol
types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband
Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or
others) that may provide access for different types of devices. In
some cases, the term "cell" may refer to a portion of a geographic
coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical entity
operates.
UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications
system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115
may also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a
remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some
other suitable terminology, where the "device" may also be referred
to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client. A UE 115 may also
be a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a
personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop
computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may
also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of
Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or an
MTC device, or the like, which may be implemented in various
articles such as appliances, vehicles, meters, or the like.
Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low
complexity devices, and may provide for automated communication
between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data
communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with
one another or a base station 105 without human intervention. In
some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications
from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture
information and relay that information to a central server or
application program that can make use of the information or present
the information to humans interacting with the program or
application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or
enable automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for
MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water
level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring,
wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet
management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access
control, and transaction-based business charging.
Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that
reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g.,
a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or
reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously). In
some examples half-duplex communications may be performed at a
reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for UEs 115
include entering a power saving "deep sleep" mode when not engaging
in active communications, or operating over a limited bandwidth
(e.g., according to narrowband communications). In some cases, UEs
115 may be designed to support critical functions (e.g., mission
critical functions), and a wireless communications system 100 may
be configured to provide ultra-reliable communications for these
functions.
In some cases, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly
with other UEs 115 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or
device-to-device (D2D) protocol). One or more of a group of UEs 115
utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage
area 110 of a base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may
be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105,
or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station
105. In some cases, groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D
communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each
UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some cases,
a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D
communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out
between UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station 105.
Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and
with one another. For example, base stations 105 may interface with
the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an S1,
N2, N3, or other interface). Base stations 105 may communicate with
one another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other
interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations
105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130).
The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access
authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and
other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130
may be an evolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one
mobility management entity (MME), at least one serving gateway
(S-GW), and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW).
The MME may manage non-access stratum (e.g., control plane)
functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management
for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC.
User IP packets may be transferred through the S-GW, which itself
may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address
allocation as well as other functions. The P-GW may be connected to
the network operators IP services. The operators IP services may
include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.
At least some of the network devices, such as a base station 105,
may include subcomponents such as an access network entity, which
may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). Each access
network entity may communicate with UEs 115 through a number of
other access network transmission entities, which may be referred
to as a radio head, a smart radio head, or a transmission/reception
point (TRP). In some configurations, various functions of each
access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across
various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network
controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a
base station 105).
Wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more
frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to
300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is
known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band,
since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one
meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by
buildings and environmental features. However, the waves may
penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide
service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may
be associated with smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less
than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies
and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency
(VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super high
frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz,
also known as the centimeter band. The SHF region includes bands
such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands,
which may be used opportunistically by devices that may be capable
of tolerating interference from other users.
Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in an extremely
high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to
300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples,
wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave
(mmW) communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105, and EHF
antennas of the respective devices may be even smaller and more
closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this may
facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115. However, the
propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater
atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF
transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may be employed across
transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and
designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ
by country or regulating body.
In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize both
licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For
example, wireless communications system 100 may employ License
Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access
technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5
GHz ISM band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum
bands, wireless devices such as base stations 105 and UEs 115 may
employ listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure a frequency
channel is clear before transmitting data. In some cases,
operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier
aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers
operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA). Operations in unlicensed
spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions,
peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination of these. Duplexing in
unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing
(FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), or a combination of both.
In some examples, base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with
multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as
transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. For example,
wireless communications system 100 may use a transmission scheme
between a transmitting device (e.g., a base station 105) and a
receiving device (e.g., a UE 115), where the transmitting device is
equipped with multiple antennas and the receiving device is
equipped with one or more antennas. MIMO communications may employ
multipath signal propagation to increase the spectral efficiency by
transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial
layers, which may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The
multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the
transmitting device via different antennas or different
combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be
received by the receiving device via different antennas or
different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals
may be referred to as a separate spatial stream, and may carry bits
associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or
different data streams. Different spatial layers may be associated
with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and
reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) where
multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving
device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) where multiple spatial
layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering,
directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal
processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a
receiving device (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) to shape or
steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or receive beam) along
a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving
device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals
communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that
signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an
antenna array experience constructive interference while others
experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals
communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting
device or a receiving device applying certain amplitude and phase
offsets to signals carried via each of the antenna elements
associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of
the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set
associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the
antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or
with respect to some other orientation).
In one example, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or
antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional
communications with a UE 115. For instance, some signals (e.g.
synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals,
or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station 105
multiple times in different directions, which may include a signal
being transmitted according to different beamforming weight sets
associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions
in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by the
base station 105 or a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam
direction for subsequent transmission and/or reception by the base
station 105.
Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular
receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 105 in a
single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the
receiving device, such as a UE 115). In some examples, the beam
direction associated with transmissions along a single beam
direction may be determined based at least in in part on a signal
that was transmitted in different beam directions. For example, a
UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the
base station 105 in different directions, and the UE 115 may report
to the base station 105 an indication of the received signal with a
highest quality, or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
Although these techniques are described with reference to signals
transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 105, a UE
115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple
times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam
direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115),
or transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for
transmitting data to a receiving device).
A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115, which may be an example of a
mmW receiving device) may try multiple receive beams when receiving
various signals from the base station 105, such as synchronization
signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other
control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple
receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by
processing received signals according to different antenna
subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming
weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna
elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals
according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to
signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna
array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to
different receive beams or receive directions. In some examples a
receiving device may use a single receive beam to receive along a
single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The
single receive beam may be aligned in a beam direction determined
based at least in part on listening according to different receive
beam directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a
highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio, or
otherwise acceptable signal quality based at least in part on
listening according to multiple beam directions).
In some cases, the antennas of a base station 105 or UE 115 may be
located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support MIMO
operations, or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or
more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at
an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases,
antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may
be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station 105 may
have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna
ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming of
communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may have one or
more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming
operations.
In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may be a
packet-based network that operate according to a layered protocol
stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet
Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio
Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and
reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access
Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing
of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also
use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to provide
retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the
control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may
provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC
connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or core network
130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the Physical
layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.
In some cases, UEs 115 and base stations 105 may support
retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is
received successfully. HARQ feedback is one technique of increasing
the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication
link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g.,
using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction
(FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)).
HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio
conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise conditions). In some cases, a
wireless device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the
device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data
received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the
device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according
to some other time interval.
Time intervals in LTE or NR may be expressed in multiples of a
basic time unit, which may, for example, refer to a sampling period
of T.sub.s=1/30,720,000 seconds. Time intervals of a communications
resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a
duration of 10 milliseconds (ms), where the frame period may be
expressed as T.sub.f=307,200 T.sub.s. The radio frames may be
identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023.
Each frame may include 10 subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each
subframe may have a duration of 1 ms. A subframe may be further
divided into 2 slots each having a duration of 0.5 ms, and each
slot may contain 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (e.g., depending
on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol
period). Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may
contain 2048 sampling periods. In some cases, a subframe may be the
smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100,
and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In
other cases, a smallest scheduling unit of the wireless
communications system 100 may be shorter than a subframe or may be
dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) or
in selected component carriers using sTTIs).
In some wireless communications systems, a slot may further be
divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. In
some instances, a symbol of a mini-slot or a mini-slot may be the
smallest unit of scheduling. Each symbol may vary in duration
depending on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation,
for example. Further, some wireless communications systems may
implement slot aggregation in which multiple slots or mini-slots
are aggregated together and used for communication between a UE 115
and a base station 105.
The term "carrier" refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum
resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting
communications over a communication link 125. For example, a
carrier of a communication link 125 may include a portion of a
radio frequency spectrum band that is operated according to
physical layer channels for a given radio access technology. Each
physical layer channel may carry user data, control information, or
other signaling. A carrier may be associated with a pre-defined
frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile
telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute
radio frequency channel number (EARFCN)), and may be positioned
according to a channel raster for discovery by UEs 115. Carriers
may be downlink or uplink (e.g., in an FDD mode), or be configured
to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode).
In some examples, signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may
be made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., using multi-carrier
modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM
(DFT-S-OFDM)).
The organizational structure of the carriers may be different for
different radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro,
NR). For example, communications over a carrier may be organized
according to TTIs or slots, each of which may include user data as
well as control information or signaling to support decoding the
user data. A carrier may also include dedicated acquisition
signaling (e.g., synchronization signals or system information,
etc.) and control signaling that coordinates operation for the
carrier. In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation
configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or
control signaling that coordinates operations for other
carriers.
Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to
various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data
channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example,
using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency
division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM
techniques. In some examples, control information transmitted in a
physical control channel may be distributed between different
control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common
control region or common search space and one or more UE-specific
control regions or UE-specific search spaces).
A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the
radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier
bandwidth may be referred to as a "system bandwidth" of the carrier
or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier
bandwidth may be one of a number of predetermined bandwidths for
carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5,
10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz). In some examples, each served UE 115
may be configured for operating over portions or all of the carrier
bandwidth. In other examples, some UEs 115 may be configured for
operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with
a predefined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or RBs)
within a carrier (e.g., "in-band" deployment of a narrowband
protocol type).
In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may
consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation
symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier
spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each
resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the
order of the modulation scheme). Thus, the more resource elements
that a UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation
scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE 115. In MIMO
systems, a wireless communications resource may refer to a
combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time
resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers), and the
use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate
for communications with a UE 115.
Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., base
stations 105 or UEs 115) may have a hardware configuration that
supports communications over a particular carrier bandwidth, or may
be configurable to support communications over one of a set of
carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications
system 100 may include base stations 105 and/or UEs 115 that
support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with
more than one different carrier bandwidth.
Wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a
UE 115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be
referred to as carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE
115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and
one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier
aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with
both FDD and TDD component carriers.
In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize
enhanced component carriers (eCCs). An eCC may be characterized by
one or more features including wider carrier or frequency channel
bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, shorter TTI duration, or
modified control channel configuration. In some cases, an eCC may
be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration or a dual
connectivity configuration (e.g., when multiple serving cells have
a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link). An eCC may also be
configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (e.g.,
where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum). An
eCC characterized by wide carrier bandwidth may include one or more
segments that may be utilized by UEs 115 that are not capable of
monitoring the whole carrier bandwidth or are otherwise configured
to use a limited carrier bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power).
In some cases, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than
other component carriers, which may include use of a reduced symbol
duration as compared with symbol durations of the other component
carriers. A shorter symbol duration may be associated with
increased spacing between adjacent subcarriers. A device, such as a
UE 115 or base station 105, utilizing eCCs may transmit wideband
signals (e.g., according to frequency channel or carrier bandwidths
of 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz, etc.) at reduced symbol durations (e.g.,
16.67 microseconds). A TTI in eCC may consist of one or multiple
symbol periods. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the
number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable.
Wireless communications system 100 may be an NR system that may
utilize any combination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed
spectrum bands, among others. The flexibility of eCC symbol
duration and subcarrier spacing may allow for the use of eCC across
multiple spectrums. In some examples, NR shared spectrum may
increase spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency, specifically
through dynamic vertical (e.g., across the frequency domain) and
horizontal (e.g., across the time domain) sharing of resources.
Some wireless communications systems 100 (e.g., mmW systems) may
support UEs 115 operating in a DRX mode (or a C-DRX mode). In a DRX
mode, a UE 115 may switch between an active state for data
transmission and reception and a sleep state for power saving. The
UE 115 may determine if data is available by monitoring a control
channel, such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The
PDCCH may carry or otherwise convey an indication that a base
station 105 has data prepared to transmit to the UE 115 or is
scheduling the UE 115 for data transmission. In some examples, base
stations 105 may use a wakeup signal to convey an indication that
the base stations 105 have data ready to transmit to the UEs 115 or
are scheduling the UEs 115 for data transmission. Examples of a
wakeup signal may be a reference signal-type signals, such as a
channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS), or a
tracking reference signal (TRS), or a demodulation reference signal
(DMRS), a synchronization signal, or the like. In other examples,
examples of wakeup signals may be PDDCH-type signals. In some
examples, a wakeup signal may be scrambled according to a
scrambling sequence, such as a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, a
Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, or a Gold sequence, etc.
To reduce the frequency of control channel monitoring and improve
power efficiency at the UE 115 during DRX operation, the UE 115 may
monitor for a wakeup signal while in a low power mode. For example,
if the UE 115 receive (or detects) a wakeup signal transmitted by
the base station 105, the UE 115 may transition to a higher power
mode to monitor the control channel for scheduling information.
However, if the UE 115 does not receive (or detect) a wakeup signal
transmitted by the base station 105, the UE 115 may skip a control
channel monitoring opportunity and instead return to a deep sleep
mode. Thus, the UE 115 may reduce occasions of having to
unnecessarily wakeup (e.g., when no data transmissions are
scheduled during a duration (e.g., an ON duration) associated with
an active state), improving the power savings at the UE 115.
A base station 105 may serve a large number of UEs 115 within a
cell (e.g., geographic coverage area). To resourcefully use wakeup
signals, the base station 105 may differentiate the wakeup signals
intended for each UE 115 or group of UEs 115 based in part on a
wakeup signal configuration. In some examples, the wakeup signal
configuration may be specific to each UE 115. That is, each UE 115
may have a dedicated wakeup signal, a wakeup signal monitoring
occasion, or both. In other examples, the wakeup signal
configuration may include a group of UEs 115 that share the same
wakeup signal, wakeup signal monitoring occasion, or both. In some
examples, the wakeup signal configuration may provide resource
efficiency for base stations 105, and therefore benefit base
stations 105 with reduced overhead signaling. Additionally, the
wakeup signal configuration may provide power efficiencies to UEs
115, and therefore benefit UEs 115 with improved power savings.
The wakeup signal configuration may include a number of wakeup
grouping sets and a number of wakeup signal resources for wakeup
signaling monitoring occasions. In some examples, UEs 115 may be
configured with multiple wakeup grouping sets. Each wakeup grouping
set may include one or more UEs 115, and each UE 115 may be a
member of at least one group of the wakeup grouping set. In some
examples, UEs 115 that belong to a same group may be awakened
simultaneously by a wakeup signal. For UEs 115 that belong to
different groups, the base stations 105 may transmit one or more
wakeup signals to the different groups concurrently and distinguish
between the wakeup signals of the different groups of the wakeup
grouping sets based in part on a resource allocation (e.g., mapping
of frequency and time resources, sequences), a waveform (e.g.,
control channel type, reference signal type, and the like), or a
message (e.g., data payload embedded in a wakeup signal, a radio
network temporary identifier (RNTI) associated with a waveform
(e.g., for a PDCCH-type wakeup signal)), and the like. Therefore,
at a given time, the base stations 105 may select a group from the
wakeup grouping sets and transmit one or more wakeup signals to the
UEs 115 belonging to the selected group.
Base stations 105 may transmit configuration signaling to configure
UEs 115 with the number of wakeup grouping sets and the number of
wakeup signal resources for wakeup signaling monitoring occasions,
such that the UEs 115 may operate appropriately in a DRX mode. For
example, a base station 105 may transmit a wakeup signal
configuration to a UE 115 via higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC
signaling) to configure the UE 115 with the number of wakeup
grouping sets and the number of wakeup signal resources for wakeup
signaling monitoring occasions. Each UE 115 may be configured with
a configuration that indicates how the UE 115 monitors for wakeup
signals, decodes wakeup signals, and the like. For example, if UEs
115 detect a wakeup signal transmitted in a wakeup grouping set for
a group that includes the UEs 115 and on a wakeup signal resource
configured for the UEs 115, the UEs 115 may initiate a wakeup
procedure according to the wakeup signal. Otherwise, UEs 115 may
refrain from performing the wakeup procedure. Accordingly, by
differentiating wakeup signals for different UEs 115 using these
wakeup grouping sets, the wireless communications system 100 may
support improved power savings at the UEs 115, as well as reduced
false wakeups.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system
200 that supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance
with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the
wireless communications system 200 may implement aspects of the
wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless
communications system 200 may include a base station 105-a, a UE
115-a, and a UE 115-b, which may be examples of the corresponding
devices described with reference to FIG. 1. Some examples of the
wireless communications system 200 may support an improved wakeup
signaling configuration for a DRX operation.
The base station 105-a may provide a network coverage for UEs 115
within geographic coverage area 110-a. In some examples, UEs 115
may support DRX operation with wakeup signals 210 for improved
power efficiency. For example, a UE 115 may operate in a low power
mode until signaled, via a wakeup signal 210, to transition into a
higher power mode to support data transmission and reception. These
wakeup signals 210 may be examples of reference signal-type signals
or PDCCH-type signals. UEs 115 (e.g., the UE 115-a and the UE
115-b) may differentiate between wakeup signals 210 transmitted by
base station 105-a based on different wakeup signal
configurations.
In the wireless communications system 200 (e.g., a millimeter wave
(mmW) system supporting beamforming), the base station 105-a may
transmit wakeup signals 210 using a beam sweeping procedure. For
example, the base station 105-a may transmit wakeup signals 210 on
a downlink channel 205 (e.g., PDCCH) using a number of different
downlink transmit beams 215. The base station 105-a may sweep
through different transmit beams for transmitting the wakeup
signaling to improve the reception reliability at the UEs 115. For
example, when a UE 115 is in a low power mode (e.g., a sleep mode),
the UEs 115 may experience some level of beam degradation, such as
beam misalignment, beam blocking, etc.
To reduce the probability that the UEs 115 miss a wakeup signal 210
transmitted by the base station 105-a due to this beam degradation,
the base station 105-a may use a variety of beam directions, beam
widths, or both for transmitting the wakeup signal 210 to the UEs
115. If the UEs 115 successfully receives one or more of the wakeup
signals 210 transmitted in the beam sweeping procedure, the UEs 115
may perform a wakeup procedure and transition to a higher power
level to support data transmission and reception. The number of
downlink transmit beams or the directions of the beams in the beam
sweep may be dynamically determined by the base station 105-a. The
UEs 115 may attempt to receive the wakeup signals 210 using a
number of downlink receive beams 220. For example, the UE 115-a may
monitor for wakeup signaling using downlink receive beams 220-a and
the UE 115-b may monitor for wakeup signaling using downlink
receive beams 220-b.
In some examples, each wakeup signal 210 may either be a
UE-specific or group-specific wakeup signal 210. For example, the
base station 105-a may transmit a UE-specific wakeup signal 210 to
initiate a wakeup procedure at one particular UE 115. That is, each
UE 115 may have a dedicated wakeup signal 210, dedicated signaling
occasions, or both. This may result in a large network overhead
(e.g., for the base station 105-a to transmit wakeup signals 210
for each UE 115 scheduled to wake up) but highly flexible and
efficient wakeup signaling for improved UE power saving. The base
station 105-a may transmit a wakeup signal 210-a on a downlink
channel 205-a to wake up the UE 115-a and a wakeup signal 210-b on
a downlink channel 205-b to wake up the UE 115-b. If the UE 115-b
detects the wakeup signal 210-a, the UE 115-b may identify that the
wakeup signal 210-a is intended for a different UE 115 and may not
perform a wakeup procedure. Alternatively, the base station 105-a
may transmit a group-specific wakeup signal 210 to wake up both the
UE 115-a and the UE 115-b if both of the UEs 115 are in a same UE
group. That is, each pre-defined or dynamically defined group of
UEs 115 may share the same wakeup signal 210, wakeup signal
monitoring occasion, or both. This may result in a low network
overhead, but one or more UEs 115 may wake up based on a
group-specific wakeup signal 210 even if the wakeup signal 210 is
intended for another UE 115 in the same group. A UE 115 waking up
even if there is no data to transmit or receive (e.g., a false
wakeup) based on a group-specific wakeup signal 210 may incur a
power penalty.
To support a large number of UEs 115 within a cell (e.g., the
geographic coverage area 110-a) and address the shortcoming of
standing UE-specific and group-specific wakeup signal
configurations, UEs 115 may be configured to receive wakeup signals
210 according to a wakeup signal configuration including a set of
wakeup grouping sets and a set of wakeup signal resources for
wakeup signal monitoring occasions. Each wakeup grouping set of the
set of wakeup grouping sets may include at least one group of one
or more UEs 115, and for each wakeup grouping set, the UEs 115 may
be a member of at least one group of each of the wakeup grouping
set. Thus, the wakeup signal configuration described herein using
wakeup grouping set may efficiently use resources to support wakeup
procedures for multiple UEs 115 with minimal power penalties. That
is, by configuring UEs 115 with wakeup grouping sets for wakeup
occasions, the base station 105-a may initiate wakeup procedures
with the UEs 115 and reduce occurrences of unnecessarily waking up
other UEs 115 or groups of UEs 115.
The base station 105-a may generate a wakeup signal configuration
to configure the UEs 115 with a set of wakeup grouping sets and a
set of wakeup signal resources for wakeup signal monitoring
occasions for a DRX operation. The monitoring occasions may include
a pre-wakeup window of a C-DRX cycle. In an example, the base
station 105-a may generate the wakeup signal configuration (e.g.,
the set of wakeup grouping sets and wakeup signal resources) based
on a pattern, which may be a hopping pattern. In some examples, the
base station 105-a may configure the set of wakeup grouping sets as
a function of time. For example, the base station 105-a may
identify an index associated with the monitoring occasion, and
determine the wakeup grouping set for the monitoring occasion
according to the identified hopping pattern and the index
associated with the monitoring occasion. The index may include a
system frame number, or a DRX cycle index, or a frequency resource
index, or a carrier index, or a combination thereof.
In a general example, the base station 105-a may configure and
store a wakeup signal configuration lookup table including
different wakeup grouping sets with different UEs 115 or sets of
UEs 115 belonging to different groups of different wakeup grouping
sets.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Generic Wakeup Signal Configuration Lookup
Table Set Group 1 . . . Group n 1 UE1, . . . . . . UEn, . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . m UEm, . . . . . . UEmn, . . .
The wakeup signal configuration lookup table may, in some examples,
be a relational database including the wakeup signal configuration
lookup table with a set of column and row elements. For example,
the wakeup signal configuration lookup table may include a column
indicating a set of wakeup grouping sets, which may include a
number, N, of different sets of wakeup grouping sets. The wakeup
signal configuration lookup table may also include a number, N, of
columns indicating different groups associated with each set of
wakeup grouping sets. Each wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup
grouping sets may, and more specifically each group associated with
each set of wakeup grouping set may include an indication of one or
more UEs 115 belonging to the group.
In some cases, the base station 105-a may configure and store a
wakeup signal configuration lookup table (Table 2) including
different wakeup grouping sets with different UEs 115, or sets of
UEs 115, belonging to different groups of different wakeup grouping
sets:
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example of a Wakeup Signal Configuration
Lookup Table Set Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 1 UE1, UE2, UE3 UE4, UE5,
UE6 UE7, UE8, UE9 2 UE2, UE3, UE4 UE5, UE6, UE7 UE8, UE9, UE1 3
UE3, UE4, UE5 UE6, UE7, UE8 UE9, UE1, UE2
The wakeup signal configuration table may support wakeup grouping
for DRX operation for different UEs 115. In some examples, the UEs
115 may store the wakeup signal configuration lookup table in
memory, for example based on configuration signaling from base
station 105-a, or another base station 105, that identifies the
contents of the table. The base station 105-a may then transmit an
indicator to the UEs 115 that indicates a specific wakeup grouping
set in the lookup table for the UEs 115 to use for wakeup signal
monitoring and reception. In other cases, base station 105-a may
store the wakeup signal configuration lookup table in memory and
may transmit an indication of one of the wakeup grouping sets to
the UE 115.
For example, the wakeup signal configuration table may indicate at
least three different wakeup grouping sets. In some examples, the
wakeup signal configuration table may include more or less than
three wakeup grouping sets. Each wakeup grouping set may include
one or more groups of UEs 115 per wakeup grouping set. In some
examples, the base station 105-a may facilitate the wakeup signal
configuration in the wakeup signal configuration table based in
part on the hopping pattern. Thus, the hopping pattern may indicate
how the different sets of wakeup grouping sets are used by the base
station 105-a, and thus determine how the UEs 115 monitor for (and
receive) wakeup signals based on the wakeup group sets.
With reference to the wakeup signal configuration table (Table 2),
UE1 may refer to the UE 115-a, while the UE2 may refer to the UE
115-b. UE3 through UE9 may refer to other UEs 115 (not shown). In a
traffic imbalance scenario, some UEs 115 may have relatively high
downlink traffic, while other UEs 115 may have relatively low
traffic. For example, UE1 (e.g., the UE 115-a) may have downlink
traffic, while the UE2 (e.g., the UE 115-b) may have no data
traffic. Here, if a single wakeup grouping set (e.g., Set 1) is
configured, UE2 and UE3 may continuously wake up unnecessarily,
thereby incurring a power penalty. By configuring different wakeup
grouping sets according to a hopping pattern, the power penalty of
false wakeups can be reduced by sharing the power penalty across
UEs 115. In other examples, the base station 105-a may wake up UE3
and UE4 because they may have downlink traffic. If a single wakeup
grouping set (e.g., Set 1) is used, the base station 105-a may
transmit two wakeup signals corresponding to the two different
groups that UE3 and UE4 belong to (e.g., Group 1 and Group 2). With
two wakeup signals, other additional UEs 115 (e.g., UE1, UE2, UE5,
UE6) may wakeup unnecessarily and waste resources (e.g., power).
However, by using multiple wakeup grouping sets, the base station
105-a may reduce false or unnecessary wakeups for other UEs 115.
For example, the base station 105-a may select an appropriate
wakeup grouping set (e.g., Set 2 or Set 3), which includes UE3 and
UE4 in the same group (e.g., Group 1). As a result, the number of
UEs 115 that have to wakeup unnecessarily is decreased (e.g., only
UE2 will falsely wakeup rather than UE1, UE2, UE5, and UE6).
In some examples, the base station 105-a may determine, for a
monitoring occasion, at least one resource of a set of wakeup
signal resources associated with a group of the wakeup grouping
sets that includes the UEs 115. That is, for a monitoring occasion,
each group associated with a wakeup grouping set may be associated
with at least one resource (e.g., time and frequency resource(s)).
For example, a first group (e.g., Group 1) in the wakeup signal
configuration table may be associated with a first resource, a
second group (e.g., Group 2) in the wakeup signal configuration
table may be associated with a second resource, and a third group
(e.g., Group 3) in the wakeup signal configuration table may be
associated with a third resource, etc. The resource(s) associated
with (and between) each group in the wakeup grouping set may be
same or different frequency resources, or different time resources,
or different control channel signaling types, or different
reference signal types, or different data payloads, or different
RNTIs, or a combination thereof.
The base station 105-a may transmit, to the UEs 115, configuration
signaling that configures a UE 115 with the set of wakeup grouping
sets and the set of wakeup signal resources for wakeup signal
monitoring occasions. For example, the base station 105-a may
transmit the wakeup signal configuration to the UE 115-a on a
downlink channel 205-a and to the UE 115-b on a downlink channel
205-b. In some examples, the base station 105-a may transmit the
wakeup signal configuration via RRC signaling, for example, during
a connection procedure (e.g., an RRC procedure, such as a cell
acquisition procedure, a random-access procedure, an RRC connection
procedure, an RRC configuration procedure). Upon receiving the
wakeup signal configuration, the UEs 115 may determine, for a
monitoring occasion, a wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup
grouping sets, and more specifically determine a group in a wakeup
grouping set that includes the UEs 115. For example, the UE 115-a
may determine a group in a wakeup grouping set that includes the UE
115-a, while the UE 115-b may determine a same or different group
in a wakeup grouping set that includes the UE 115-b. In some
examples, the UEs 115 may belong to a same or different group.
Following the configuring of the UEs 115 with the wakeup signal
configuration, the base station 105-a may select a specific group
of a wakeup grouping set that has a UE 115 (e.g., the UE 115-a, the
UE 115-b) for which the base station 105-a may have data for
communications, and transmit a wakeup signal during a monitoring
occasion using one or more wakeup signal resources. When receiving
the wakeup signal, the UEs 115 may identify the selected group of
the wakeup grouping set according to a hopping pattern and index of
the monitoring occasion. For example, the UE 115-a may identify an
index associated with a monitoring occasion, and determine the
selected group of the wakeup grouping set for the monitoring
occasion according to the identified hopping pattern and the index
associated with the monitoring occasion. The index may include a
system frame number, or a DRX cycle index, or a frequency resource
index, or a carrier index, or a combination thereof.
Additionally, or alternatively, the UEs 115 may identify the
selected group of the wakeup grouping set according to a set of
decoding hypotheses. For example, with reference to wakeup signal
configuration table, UE1 (e.g., the UE 115-a) belongs to a first
wakeup grouping set (e.g., Set 1) and a first group (e.g., Group 1)
of the first wakeup grouping set, a second wakeup grouping set
(e.g., Set 2) and a third group (e.g., Group 3) of the second
wakeup grouping set, and a third wakeup grouping set (e.g., Set 3)
and a third group (e.g., Group 3) of the third wakeup grouping set.
Here, the UE1 (e.g., the UE 115-a) may blindly decode three wakeup
signal candidates and if at least one is detected, the UE1 may
proceed to initiate a wakeup procedure. For example, the UE 115-a
may attempt to decode the wakeup signal 210-a according to a set of
decoding hypotheses that corresponds to the set of wakeup grouping
sets, and determine a successful decoding hypothesis of the set of
decoding hypotheses. As a result, the UE 115-a may identify the
wakeup grouping set that corresponds to the successful decoding
hypothesis and initiate a wakeup procedure for the UE 115-a. The
wakeup procedure may include switching to an active mode to monitor
a control channel subsequent to initiating the wakeup procedure.
For example, subsequently, the UE 115-a may receive, within the
control channel, a grant from the base station 105-a and
communicate with the base station 105-a based in part on the
grant.
Therefore, the techniques described herein may reduce or eliminate
latencies associated with processes related to wakeup signaling for
a DRX operation, and more specifically enable the base station
105-a to configure the UEs 115 with wakeup grouping for a DRX
operation to improve power savings of the UEs 115. As a result, the
UEs 115 may experience reduced, or no occurrences of false
wakeups.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wakeup procedure timeline 300
that supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure. The wakeup procedure timeline
300 may correspond to wakeup signaling between a base station 105
and a UE 115, which may be examples of the corresponding devices
described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2. Some examples of the
wakeup procedure timeline 300 may support an improved wakeup
signaling configuration for the DRX operation. While the wakeup
signal configuration for the wakeup procedure timeline 300, as
illustrated, shows one possible wakeup signal configuration, many
other configurations are possible using any of the techniques
described herein.
Traffic behavior (e.g., data transmission and reception) may often
vary between the base station 105 and the UE 115, for example, with
occasional periods of transmission activity followed by longer
periods of silence. From a latency perspective, it may be
beneficial for the UE 115 to monitor a control channel (e.g.,
PDCCH) for downlink control signaling from the base station 105 to
receive uplink grants or downlink data transmissions and
instantaneously react on changes in the traffic behavior. However,
at the same time, it may be costly for the UE 115 in terms of power
consumption. To reduce power consumption at the UE 115, the UE 115
may operate in a DRX mode. For example, a UE 115 may operate in a
DRX mode according to a DRX timeline 305.
The DRX timeline 305 may include a DRX cycle (e.g., C-DRX cycle
325), which may be configurable in length (e.g., duration of a DRX
cycle may be adaptable). With a DRX cycle configured, the UE 115
may monitor a control channel for a wakeup signal (or other
signaling (e.g., downlink control signaling)) during a portion of
the DRX cycle in a low power mode, and switch to a sleep mode
during the remaining portion of the DRX cycle. This allows for
significant reductions in power consumption. In some examples, the
longer the DRX cycle, the lower the power consumption. However, in
some examples, the DRX cycle may be a short DRX cycle (e.g., 20
ms).
In some examples, the DRX timeline 305 may include a pre-wakeup
window 310 (that may be part or separate from a DRX cycle), in
which a UE 115 may, as part of a pre-wakeup procedure, monitor a
control channel for one or more wakeup signals from the base
station 105. The pre-wakeup procedure may involve the UE 115
transitioning to a higher power level than the sleep mode, but a
lower power level than the active mode, to monitor for wakeup
signals from the base station 105. The UE 115 may monitor one or
more wakeup signal resources (e.g., time and frequency resources)
for one or more wakeup signals from the base station 105 using a
set of downlink receive beams. As explained with reference to FIG.
2, the UE 115 may be configured with a set of wakeup grouping sets
and a set of wakeup signal resources for monitoring occasions. In
the example of FIG. 3, the set of wakeup signal resources may
include a first wakeup signal resource 315-a, a second wakeup
signal resource 315-b, and a third wakeup signal resource
315-c.
The UE 115, in the example of FIG. 3, may belong to at least one
wakeup grouping set that may correspond to at least one of the
wakeup signal resources 315. By way of example, the UE 115 may
belong to a first wakeup grouping set and within the set the UE 115
may be designated the third wakeup signal resource 315-c. That is,
the UE 115 may monitor the wakeup signal resource 315-c (e.g., time
and frequency resources) for one or more wakeup signals from the
base station 105 using a set of downlink receive beams. In some
examples, during the pre-wakeup window 310, the base station 105
may not have data to transmit to the UE 115 or receive from the UE
115. Thus, the base station 105 may not transmit a wakeup signal to
the UE 115 (e.g., on the wakeup signal resource 315-c). If the UE
115 does not detect or otherwise receive a wakeup signal on a
wakeup signal resource (e.g., the wakeup signal resources 315) that
corresponds to a group that includes the UE 115, the UE 115 may
skip a DRX ON duration at 320 for the C-DRX cycle 325 and may
return to the lower power mode (e.g., go back to sleep). In this
way, the UE 115 may reduce its power consumption by not entering a
DRX ON duration when there is no data scheduled for reception or
transmission.
In some examples, the base station 105 may identify data to
transmit to the UE 115 or data to receive from the UE 115. In this
example, the base station 105 may transmit a wakeup signal to the
UE 115 on a wakeup signal resource (e.g., the wakeup signal
resources 315) that corresponds to a group that includes the UE 115
using a beam sweeping procedure (e.g., transmitting the wakeup
signal using a number of downlink transmit beams). The UE may
pre-wake up during C-DRX cycle 325 and may attempt to detect the
wakeup signal using a set of downlink receive beams. If the UE 115
detects the wakeup signal on one or more downlink receive beams and
on a wakeup signal resource (e.g., the wakeup signal resources 315)
that corresponds to a group that includes the UE 115, the UE 115
may perform a full wakeup procedure to transmit or receive the
scheduled data in an ON duration 330. For example, the UE 115 may
receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring occasion (of the C-DRX
cycle 325) on the wakeup signal resource 315-c, determine a wakeup
grouping set of the set of wakeup grouping sets associated with the
monitoring occasion, and detect, based in part on the identified
wakeup grouping set, that the wakeup signal is in at least the
wakeup resource set 315-c. Therefore, the UE 115 may identify that
the wakeup signal is intended for the UE 115 based on the
identified wakeup grouping set and that the wakeup signal is in at
least the wakeup resource set 315-c.
Thus, the techniques described herein may provide efficacy to the
base station 105 and the UE 115 by reducing or eliminating
latencies associated with processes related to wakeup signaling for
DRX operation, and more specifically enabling the base station 105
to configure the UE 115 with wakeup grouping for DRX operation to
improve power savings of the UE 115. As a result, the UE 115 may
experience none or at least reduced occurrences of false
wakeups.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a wakeup procedure timeline 400
that supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure. The wakeup procedure timeline
400 may correspond to wakeup signaling between a base station 105
and one or more UEs 115, which may be examples of the corresponding
devices described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2. Some examples of
the wakeup procedure timeline 400 may support an improved wakeup
signaling configuration for DRX operation, and more specifically a
wakeup signaling configuration according to a hopping pattern. By
configuring different wakeup grouping sets according to a hopping
pattern, a power penalty of false wakeups can be reduced by sharing
the power penalty across different UEs 115. While the wakeup signal
configuration for the wakeup procedure timeline 400, as
illustrated, shows one possible wakeup signal configuration, many
other configurations are possible using any of the techniques
described herein.
A DRX timeline 405 illustrates the operations performed by a UE
115. For example, the UE 115 may monitor a channel (e.g., a PDCCH)
for one or more wakeup signals from a base station 105 during a
C-DRX cycle 410-a. Here, the UE 115 may monitor one or more wakeup
signal resources (e.g., time and frequency resources) for one or
more wakeup signals from the base station 105 using a set of
downlink receive beams. As explained with reference to FIG. 2, the
UE 115 may be configured with a set of wakeup grouping sets and a
set of wakeup signal resources for monitoring occasions. In the
example of FIG. 4, the set of wakeup signal resources may include a
first wakeup signal resource 415-a, a second wakeup signal resource
415-b, and a third wakeup signal resource 415-c.
The UE 115, in the example of FIG. 4, may belong to at least one
wakeup grouping set that may correspond to at least one of the
wakeup signal resources 415. By way of example, the UE 115 may
belong to a first wakeup grouping set and within the set, the UE
115 may be designated the second wakeup signal resource 415-b. That
is, the UE 115 may monitor the wakeup signal resource 415-b (e.g.,
time and frequency resources) for one or more wakeup signals from
the base station 105 using a set of downlink receive beams. In some
examples, during the C-DRX cycle 410-a, the base station 105 may
not have data to transmit to the UE 115 or receive from the UE 115.
Thus, the base station 105 may not transmit a wakeup signal to the
UE 115 on the wakeup signal resource 415-b.
In some examples, if the UE 115 does not detect or otherwise
receive a wakeup signal on a wakeup signal resource (e.g., wakeup
signal resources 415-b) that corresponds to a group that includes
the UE 115, the UE 115 may skip a DRX ON duration 420-a and may
return to the lower power mode (e.g., go back to sleep). In this
way, the UE 115 may reduce its power consumption by not entering a
DRX ON duration when there is no data scheduled for reception or
transmission. In some examples, during the C-DRX cycle 410-a, the
base station 105 may have data to transmit to another UE 115 or
receive from the other UE 115. Here, the base station 105 may
transmit, to the other UE 115, a wakeup signal on a wakeup signal
resource (e.g., the wakeup signal resource 415-a) that corresponds
to a group that includes the other UE 115. Additionally, during the
C-DRX cycle 410-b, the base station 105 may not have data to
transmit to the UE 115 or receive from the UE 115. Thus, the base
station 105 may not transmit a wakeup signal to the UE 115 on the
wakeup signal resource 415-b during the C-DRX cycle 410-b, and the
UE 115 may skip a DRX ON duration 420-b. However, the base station
105 may have data to transmit to another UE 115 or receive from the
other UE 115. Here, the base station 105 may transmit, to the other
UE 115, a wakeup signal on a wakeup signal resource (e.g., the
wakeup signal resource 415-c) that corresponds to a group that
includes the other UE 115.
During the C-DRX cycle 410-c, the base station 105 may identify
data to transmit to the UE 115 or data to receive from the UE 115.
In this example, the base station 105 may transmit a wakeup signal
to the UE 115 on a wakeup signal resource (e.g., the wakeup signal
resources 415-b) that corresponds to a group that includes the UE
115 using a beam sweeping procedure (e.g., transmitting the wakeup
signal using a number of downlink transmit beams). The UE 115 may
pre-wake up during the C-DRX cycle 410-c and may attempt to detect
the wakeup signal using a set of downlink receive beams. If the UE
115 detects the wakeup signal on any of these downlink receive
beams and on a wakeup signal resource (e.g., the wakeup signal
resources 415-b) that corresponds to a group that includes the UE
115, the UE 115 may initiate and perform a full wakeup procedure to
transmit or receive the scheduled data in an ON duration 420-c.
In some examples, the UE 115 may be configured with a particular
decoding hypothesis for successfully decoding a received wakeup
signal according to the wakeup signal configuration for the UE 115.
For example, the UE 115 may attempt to decode the wakeup signal
according to a set of decoding hypotheses that corresponds to the
set of wakeup grouping sets and determine a successful decoding
hypothesis of the set of decoding hypotheses. As a result, the UE
115 may identify the wakeup grouping set that corresponds to the
successful decoding hypothesis and initiate a wakeup procedure for
the UE 115. The wakeup procedure may include switching to an active
mode to monitor a control channel subsequent to initiating the
wakeup procedure. For example, the UE 115 may receive, within the
control channel, a grant from the base station 105 and communicate
with the base station 105 based in part on the grant.
Thus, the techniques described herein may reduce or eliminate
latencies associated with processes related to wakeup signaling for
DRX operation, and more specifically enabling the base station 105
to configure the UE 115 with wakeup grouping for DRX operation to
improve power savings of the UE 115. As a result, the UE 115 may
experience none or at least reduced occurrences of false wakeups.
For example, in a traffic imbalance scenario, some UEs 115 may have
relatively high downlink traffic, while other UEs 115 may have
relatively low traffic. For example, a UE 115 associated with the
wakeup signal resource 415-a may have downlink traffic, another UE
115 associated with the wakeup signal resource 415-b may have no
data traffic. Here, if a single wakeup grouping set is configured,
the two UEs 115 may wake up unnecessarily, thereby incurring a
power penalty. By configuring different wakeup grouping sets and
corresponding different wakeup signal resources (e.g., according to
a hopping pattern), the power penalty of false wakeups can be
reduced by sharing the power penalty across the UEs 115.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a process flow 500 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The process flow 500 may include a base station
105-b and a UE 115-c, which may be examples of the corresponding
devices described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 4. In some
examples, the process flow 500 may implement aspects of the
wireless communications systems 100 and 200. For example, the base
station 105-b and the UE 115-c may support an improved wakeup
signaling configuration for DRX operation.
In the following description of the process flow 500, the
operations between the base station 105-b and the UE 115-c may be
performed in a different order than the exemplary order shown, or
the operations performed by the base station 105-b and the UE 115-c
may be performed in different orders or at different times. Certain
operations may also be left out of the process flow 500, or other
operations may be added to the process flow 500. The process flow
500 may, in some examples, commence with the base station 105-b
establishing a connection with the UE 115-c (e.g., performing a
cell acquisition procedure, a random access procedure, an RRC
connection procedure, an RRC configuration procedure).
At 505, the base station 105-b may transmit configuration signaling
to the UE 115-c. The configuration signaling may configure the UE
115-c with a set of wakeup grouping sets. At 510, the UE 115-c may
identify a set of wakeup grouping sets, for example, based in part
on the configuration signaling. In some examples, the base station
105-b may generate a wakeup signaling lookup table, and each index
in the lookup table may correspond to a respective wakeup grouping
set and at least one group of one or more UEs. The UE 115-c may be
provided (or pre-configured) with the wakeup signaling lookup
table. Here, the configuration signaling may include an indication
(e.g., an index value) that maps to a wakeup grouping set, and more
specifically to a group in the wakeup grouping set.
At 515, the base station 105-c may transmit a wakeup signal to the
UE 115-c. The UE 115-c may monitor a control channel for a wakeup
signal transmission from the base station 105-c. For example,
during a monitoring occasion, the UE 115-c may monitor a wakeup
signal resource for a wakeup signal transmission based in part on
the wakeup signal configuration to identify if the UE 115-c should
wake up for data communication. In some examples, the base station
105-b may not identify data for communication with the UE 115-c.
Accordingly, the base station 105-b may not transmit a wakeup
signal to the UE 115-c during the monitoring occasion. If the UE
115-c does not detect a wakeup signal, the UE 115-c may remain in
the low power mode. However, in other examples, the base station
105-b may identify data for communication with the UE 115-c, and
therefore transmit a wakeup signal to the UE 115-c. At 520, the UE
115-c may determine that the received wakeup signal indicates a
group in a wakeup grouping set that includes the UE 115-c.
At 525, the UE 115-c may optionally monitor a control channel after
waking up. For example, the UE 115-c may transition from the low
power mode to a high power mode. In the high power mode during an
ON duration, the UE 115-c may monitor a control channel (e.g., the
PDCCH) for a scheduling grant. At 530, the base station 105-b may
transmit a grant to the UE 115-c on the PDCCH, where the grant
schedules the UE 115-c for data transmission, data reception, or
both during an active duration. At 535, the UE 115-c and the base
station 105-b may communicate according to the scheduling
grant.
FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of
a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver
610, a communications manager 615, and a transmitter 620. The
device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components
may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more
buses).
The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information
related to wakeup grouping for DRX operation, etc.). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The
receiver 610 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920
described with reference to FIG. 9. The receiver 610 may utilize a
single antenna or a set of antennas.
The communications manager 615 may receive signaling configuring
the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of
wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or more
UEs, receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring occasion for
wakeup signals, determine that the received wakeup signal indicates
a group in a wakeup grouping set of the wakeup grouping sets, where
the group includes the UE, and initiate a wakeup procedure for the
UE based on the determining. The communications manager 615 may be
an example of aspects of the communications manager 910 described
herein.
The communications manager 615, or its sub-components, may be
implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed
by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code
executed by a processor, the functions of the communications
manager 615, or its sub-components may be executed by a
general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor
logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof
designed to perform the functions described in the present
disclosure.
The communications manager 615, or its sub-components, may be
physically located at various positions, including being
distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at
different physical locations by one or more physical components. In
some examples, the communications manager 615, or its
sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in
accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some
examples, the communications manager 615, or its sub-components,
may be combined with one or more other hardware components,
including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a
transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or
more other components described in the present disclosure, or a
combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the
present disclosure.
The transmitter 620 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device 605. In some examples, the transmitter 620
may be collocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For
example, the transmitter 620 may be an example of aspects of the
transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9. The transmitter
620 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of
a device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may
include a receiver 710, a communications manager 715, and a
transmitter 730. The device 705 may also include a processor. Each
of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g.,
via one or more buses).
The receiver 710 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information
related to wakeup grouping for DRX operation, etc.). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The
receiver 710 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 920
described with reference to FIG. 9. The receiver 710 may utilize a
single antenna or a set of antennas.
The communications manager 715 may be an example of aspects of the
communications manager 615 as described herein. The communications
manager 715 may include a signaling component 720 and a wakeup
component 725. The communications manager 715 may be an example of
aspects of the communications manager 910 described herein.
The operations performed by the communications manager 715 as
described herein may be implemented to realize one or more
potential advantages. One implementation may enable UEs to receive
wakeup signals according to configured groups within wakeup
grouping sets. Such configured groups may reduce false wakeup
occurrences, resulting in higher data rates and more efficient
communications (e.g., less communication errors), among other
advantages.
Based on implementing the indications as described herein, a
processor of a UE or base station (e.g., a processor controlling
the receiver 710, the communications manager 715, the transmitter
730, or a combination thereof) may reduce the impact or likelihood
of false wakeup occurrences in a communications system while
ensuring efficient communications. For example, the UE
configurations described herein may leverage wakeup grouping sets
as well as groups of UEs within the sets to divide the power
penalty across the UEs, which may realize reduced signaling
overhead and power savings, among other benefits.
The signaling component 720 may receive signaling configuring the
UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup
grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or more UEs. The
wakeup component 725 may receive a wakeup signal during a
monitoring occasion for wakeup signals, determine that the received
wakeup signal indicates a group in a wakeup grouping set of the
wakeup grouping sets, where the group includes the UE, and initiate
a wakeup procedure for the UE based on the determining.
The transmitter 730 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device 705. In some examples, the transmitter 730
may be collocated with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. For
example, the transmitter 730 may be an example of aspects of the
transceiver 920 described with reference to FIG. 9. The transmitter
730 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 805
that supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 805
may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 615, a
communications manager 715, or a communications manager 910
described herein. The communications manager 805 may include a
signaling component 810, a wakeup component 815, a pattern
component 820, an index component 825, a decoding component 830, a
monitoring component 835, and a grant component 840. Each of these
modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another
(e.g., via one or more buses).
The signaling component 810 may receive signaling configuring the
UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup
grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or more UEs. In
some examples, the signaling component 810 may receive RRC
signaling from a base station indicating the set of wakeup grouping
sets. In some examples, each wakeup grouping set of the set of
wakeup grouping sets, the one or more UEs are members of at least
one group of the set of groups. In some cases, each group of the
set of groups is associated with a different resource than each
other group of the set of groups. In some cases, the resource
includes a frequency resource, or a time resource, or a control
channel signaling type, or a reference signal type, or a data
payload, or a radio network temporary identifier, or a combination
thereof. In some cases, the monitoring occasion includes a
pre-wakeup window of a connected mode DRX cycle.
The wakeup component 815 may receive a wakeup signal during a
monitoring occasion for wakeup signals. In some examples, the
wakeup component 815 may determine that the received wakeup signal
indicates a group in a wakeup grouping set of the wakeup grouping
sets, where the group includes the UE. In some examples, the wakeup
component 815 may initiate a wakeup procedure for the UE based on
the determining. In some cases, the received wakeup signal includes
one or more reference signals, or control channel signaling, or one
or more predetermined sequences, or a combination thereof. In some
cases, the one or more reference signals include a channel state
information reference signal, or a tracking reference signal, or a
demodulation reference signal, or a synchronization signal, or a
combination thereof. In some cases, the one or more predetermined
sequences include a pseudo-noise code sequence, or a Gold sequence,
or a Zadoff-Chu sequence, or a combination thereof.
The pattern component 820 may identify a hopping pattern for the
set of wakeup grouping sets. In some examples, the pattern
component 820 may determine the wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern.
The index component 825 may identify an index associated with the
monitoring occasion, the index including a system frame number, or
a DRX cycle index, or a frequency resource index, or a carrier
index, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the index
component 825 may determine the wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern and
the index associated with the monitoring occasion.
The decoding component 830 may attempt to decode the received
wakeup signal according to a set of decoding hypotheses that
correspond to the set of wakeup grouping sets. In some examples,
the decoding component 830 may determine a successful decoding
hypothesis of the set of decoding hypotheses. In some examples, the
decoding component 830 may identify the wakeup grouping set as
corresponding to the successful decoding hypothesis.
The monitoring component 835 may monitor a control channel
subsequent to initiating the wakeup procedure. The grant component
840 may receive, within the control channel, a grant from a base
station serving the UE. In some examples, the grant component 840
may communicate with the base station based on the grant. In some
examples, the grant component 840 may resources of the monitored
control channel are different than resources of the monitoring
occasion for wakeup signals.
FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that
supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example
of or include the components of device 605, device 705, or a UE 115
as described herein. The device 905 may include components for
bi-directional voice and data communications including components
for transmitting and receiving communications, including a
communications manager 910, an I/O controller 915, a transceiver
920, an antenna 925, memory 930, and a processor 940. These
components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses
(e.g., bus 945).
The communications manager 910 may receive signaling configuring
the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of
wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or more
UEs, receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring occasion for
wakeup signals, determine that the received wakeup signal indicates
a group in a wakeup grouping set of the wakeup grouping sets, where
the group includes the UE, and initiate a wakeup procedure for the
UE based on the determining.
The I/O controller 915 may manage input and output signals for the
device 905. The I/O controller 915 may also manage peripherals not
integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I/O controller
915 may represent a physical connection or port to an external
peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 915 may utilize an
operating system such as iOS, ANDROID, MS-DOS, MS-WINDOWS, OS/2,
UNIX, LINUX, or another known operating system. In other cases, the
I/O controller 915 may represent or interact with a modem, a
keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some
cases, the I/O controller 915 may be implemented as part of a
processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905
via the I/O controller 915 or via hardware components controlled by
the I/O controller 915.
The transceiver 920 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or
more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For
example, the transceiver 920 may represent a wireless transceiver
and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless
transceiver. The transceiver 920 may also include a modem to
modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the
antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from
the antennas. In some cases, the device 905 may include a single
antenna 925. However, in some cases, the device 905 may have more
than one antenna 925, which may be capable of concurrently
transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
The memory 930 may include random-access memory (RAM) and read-only
memory (ROM). The memory 930 may store computer-readable,
computer-executable code 935 including instructions that, when
executed, cause the processor to perform various functions
described herein. In some cases, the memory 930 may contain, among
other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control
basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with
peripheral components or devices.
The code 935 may include instructions to implement aspects of the
present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless
communications. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory
computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of
memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable
by the processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled
and executed) to perform functions described herein.
The processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device,
(e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a
microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a
discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware
component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the
processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a
memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be
integrated into the processor 940. The processor 940 may be
configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a
memory (e.g., the memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform
various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting wakeup
grouping for DRX operation).
FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of
a base station 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include
a receiver 1010, a communications manager 1015, and a transmitter
1020. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these
components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one
or more buses).
The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information
related to wakeup grouping for DRX operation, etc.). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. The
receiver 1010 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1320
described with reference to FIG. 13. The receiver 1010 may utilize
a single antenna or a set of antennas.
The communications manager 1015 may transmit, to a UE, signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs, determine, for a monitoring occasion, a wakeup grouping
set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the determined wakeup
grouping set including a group that includes the UE, and transmit,
during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup signal for the group
according to the determined wakeup grouping set. The communications
manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the communications
manager 1310 described herein.
The communications manager 1015, or its sub-components, may be
implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed
by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code
executed by a processor, the functions of the communications
manager 1015, or its sub-components may be executed by a
general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC), an FPGA or other programmable logic
device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware
components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the
functions described in the present disclosure.
The communications manager 1015, or its sub-components, may be
physically located at various positions, including being
distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at
different physical locations by one or more physical components. In
some examples, the communications manager 1015, or its
sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in
accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some
examples, the communications manager 1015, or its sub-components,
may be combined with one or more other hardware components,
including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a
transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or
more other components described in the present disclosure, or a
combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the
present disclosure.
The transmitter 1020 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter
1020 may be collocated with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver
module. For example, the transmitter 1020 may be an example of
aspects of the transceiver 1320 described with reference to FIG.
13. The transmitter 1020 may utilize a single antenna or a set of
antennas.
FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of
a device 1005, or a base station 105 as described herein. The
device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a communications manager
1115, and a transmitter 1130. The device 1105 may also include a
processor. Each of these components may be in communication with
one another (e.g., via one or more buses).
The receiver 1110 may receive information such as packets, user
data, or control information associated with various information
channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information
related to wakeup grouping for DRX operation, etc.). Information
may be passed on to other components of the device 1105. The
receiver 1110 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1320
described with reference to FIG. 13. The receiver 1110 may utilize
a single antenna or a set of antennas.
The communications manager 1115 may be an example of aspects of the
communications manager 1015 as described herein. The communications
manager 1115 may include a signaling component 1120 and a wakeup
component 1125. The communications manager 1115 may be an example
of aspects of the communications manager 1310 described herein. The
signaling component 1120 may transmit, to a UE, signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs. The wakeup component 1125 may determine, for a monitoring
occasion, a wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup grouping sets,
the determined wakeup grouping set including a group that includes
the UE and transmit, during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup
signal for the group according to the determined wakeup grouping
set.
The transmitter 1130 may transmit signals generated by other
components of the device 1105. In some examples, the transmitter
1130 may be collocated with a receiver 1110 in a transceiver
module. For example, the transmitter 1130 may be an example of
aspects of the transceiver 1320 described with reference to FIG.
13. The transmitter 1130 may utilize a single antenna or a set of
antennas.
FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a communications manager 1205
that supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1205
may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1015, a
communications manager 1115, or a communications manager 1310
described herein. The communications manager 1205 may include a
signaling component 1210, a wakeup component 1215, a pattern
component 1220, an index component 1225, a grant component 1230,
and a monitoring component 1235. Each of these modules may
communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via
one or more buses).
The signaling component 1210 may transmit, to a UE, signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs. In some examples, the signaling component 1210 may
transmit RRC signaling indicating the set of wakeup grouping sets.
In some examples, each wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup
grouping sets, the UE is a member of at least one group of the at
least one group of one or more UEs. In some cases, each group of
the set of groups is associated with a different resource than each
other group of the set of groups. In some cases, the resource
includes a frequency resource, or a time resource, or a control
channel signaling type, or a reference signal type, or a data
payload, or a radio network temporary identifier, or a combination
thereof.
The wakeup component 1215 may determine, for a monitoring occasion,
a wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the
determined wakeup grouping set including a group that includes the
UE. In some examples, the wakeup component 1215 may transmit,
during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup signal for the group
according to the determined wakeup grouping set. In some examples,
the wakeup component 1215 may identify a second group of the wakeup
grouping set for one or more additional UEs. In some cases, the
wakeup component 1215 may transmit, during the monitoring occasion,
the wakeup signal for the group that includes the UE using a first
set of resources and for the second group for the one or more
additional UEs on a second set of resources. In some cases, the
transmitted wakeup signal includes one or more reference signals,
or control channel signaling, or one or more predetermined
sequences, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the one or more
reference signals include a channel state information reference
signal, or a tracking reference signal, or a demodulation reference
signal, or a synchronization signal, or a combination thereof. In
some cases, the one or more predetermined sequences include a
pseudo-noise code sequence, or a Gold sequence, or a Zadoff-Chu
sequence, or a combination thereof.
The pattern component 1220 may identify a hopping pattern for the
set of wakeup grouping sets. In some examples, the pattern
component 1220 may determine the wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern.
The index component 1225 may identify an index associated with the
monitoring occasion, the index including a system frame number, or
a DRX cycle index, or a frequency resource index, or a carrier
index, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the index
component 1225 may determine the wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern and
the index associated with the monitoring occasion.
The grant component 1230 may transmit, to the UE, a grant within a
control channel subsequent to the monitoring occasion. In some
examples, the grant component 1230 may communicate with the UE
based on the grant. In some examples, the grant component 1230 may
resources of the control channel are different than resources of
the monitoring occasion for wakeup signals. The monitoring
component 1235 may include in the monitoring occasion includes a
pre-wakeup window of a C-DRX cycle.
FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305
that supports wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with
aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an
example of or include the components of device 1005, device 1105,
or a base station 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may
include components for bi-directional voice and data communications
including components for transmitting and receiving communications,
including a communications manager 1310, a network communications
manager 1315, a transceiver 1320, an antenna 1325, memory 1330, a
processor 1340, and an inter-station communications manager 1345.
These components may be in electronic communication via one or more
buses (e.g., bus 1350).
The communications manager 1310 may transmit, to a UE, signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs, determine, for a monitoring occasion, a wakeup grouping
set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the determined wakeup
grouping set including a group that includes the UE, and transmit,
during the monitoring occasion, a wakeup signal for the group
according to the determined wakeup grouping set.
The network communications manager 1315 may manage communications
with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links).
For example, the network communications manager 1315 may manage the
transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or
more UEs 115.
The transceiver 1320 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or
more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For
example, the transceiver 1320 may represent a wireless transceiver
and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless
transceiver. The transceiver 1320 may also include a modem to
modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the
antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from
the antennas. In some cases, the device 1305 may include a single
antenna 1325. However, in some examples, the device 1305 may have
more than one antenna 1325, which may be capable of concurrently
transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
The memory 1330 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. The
memory 1330 may store computer-readable code 1335 including
instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., the
processor 1340) cause the device to perform various functions
described herein. In some cases, the memory 1330 may contain, among
other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software
operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or
devices.
The code 1335 may include instructions to implement aspects of the
present disclosure, including instructions to support wireless
communications. The code 1335 may be stored in a non-transitory
computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of
memory. In some cases, the code 1335 may not be directly executable
by the processor 1340 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled
and executed) to perform functions described herein.
The processor 1340 may include an intelligent hardware device,
(e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a
microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a
discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware
component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the
processor 1340 may be configured to operate a memory array using a
memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller may be
integrated into processor 1340. The processor 1340 may be
configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a
memory (e.g., the memory 1330) to cause the device 1305 to perform
various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting wakeup
grouping for DRX operation).
The inter-station communications manager 1345 may manage
communications with other base station 105, and may include a
controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115
in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, the
inter-station communications manager 1345 may coordinate scheduling
for transmissions to UEs 115 for various interference mitigation
techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some
examples, the inter-station communications manager 1345 may provide
an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network
technology to provide communication between base stations 105.
FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The operations of method 1400 may be
implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For
example, the operations of method 1400 may be performed by a
communications manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6
through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions
to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the
functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may
perform aspects of the functions described below using
special-purpose hardware.
At 1405, the UE may receive signaling configuring the UE with a set
of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup grouping sets
identifying a set of groups of one or more UEs. The operations of
1405 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In
some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed
by a signaling component as described with reference to FIGS. 6
through 9.
At 1410, the UE may receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring
occasion for wakeup signals. The operations of 1410 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In some
examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a
wakeup component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through
9.
At 1415, the UE may determine that the received wakeup signal
indicates a group in a wakeup grouping set of the wakeup grouping
sets, where the group includes the UE. The operations of 1415 may
be performed according to the methods described herein. In some
examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a
wakeup component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through
9.
At 1420, the UE may initiate a wakeup procedure for the UE based on
the determining. The operations of 1420 may be performed according
to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the
operations of 1420 may be performed by a wakeup component as
described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.
FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The operations of method 1500 may be
implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For
example, the operations of method 1500 may be performed by a
communications manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6
through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions
to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the
functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may
perform aspects of the functions described below using
special-purpose hardware.
At 1505, the UE may receive signaling configuring the UE with a set
of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup grouping sets
identifying a set of groups of one or more UEs. The operations of
1505 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In
some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed
by a signaling component as described with reference to FIGS. 6
through 9.
At 1510, the UE may receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring
occasion for wakeup signals. The operations of 1510 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In some
examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a
wakeup component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through
9.
At 1515, the UE may identify a hopping pattern for the set of
wakeup grouping sets. The operations of 1515 may be performed
according to the methods described herein. In some examples,
aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a pattern
component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.
At 1520, the UE may determine the wakeup grouping set for the
monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping pattern.
The operations of 1520 may be performed according to the methods
described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of
1520 may be performed by a pattern component as described with
reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.
At 1525, the UE may initiate a wakeup procedure for the UE based on
the determining. The operations of 1525 may be performed according
to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the
operations of 1525 may be performed by a wakeup component as
described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.
FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The operations of method 1600 may be
implemented by a UE 115 or its components as described herein. For
example, the operations of method 1600 may be performed by a
communications manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6
through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions
to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the
functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a UE may
perform aspects of the functions described below using
special-purpose hardware.
At 1605, the UE may receive signaling configuring the UE with a set
of wakeup grouping sets, each of the set of wakeup grouping sets
identifying a set of groups of one or more UEs. The operations of
1605 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In
some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed
by a signaling component as described with reference to FIGS. 6
through 9.
At 1610, the UE may receive a wakeup signal during a monitoring
occasion for wakeup signals. The operations of 1610 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In some
examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a
wakeup component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through
9.
At 1615, the UE may attempt to decode the received wakeup signal
according to a set of decoding hypotheses that correspond to the
set of wakeup grouping sets. The operations of 1615 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In some
examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by a
decoding component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through
9.
At 1620, the UE may determine a successful decoding hypothesis of
the set of decoding hypotheses. The operations of 1620 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In some
examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by a
decoding component as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through
9.
At 1625, the UE may identify the wakeup grouping set as
corresponding to the successful decoding hypothesis. The operations
of 1625 may be performed according to the methods described herein.
In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be
performed by a decoding component as described with reference to
FIGS. 6 through 9.
At 1630, the UE may initiate a wakeup procedure for the UE based on
the determining. The operations of 1630 may be performed according
to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the
operations of 1630 may be performed by a wakeup component as
described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.
FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The operations of method 1700 may be
implemented by a base station 105 or its components as described
herein. For example, the operations of method 1700 may be performed
by a communications manager as described with reference to FIGS. 10
through 13. In some examples, a base station may execute a set of
instructions to control the functional elements of the base station
to perform the functions described below. Additionally or
alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions
described below using special-purpose hardware.
At 1705, the base station may transmit, to a UE, signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to the
methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the
operations of 1705 may be performed by a signaling component as
described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.
At 1710, the base station may determine, for a monitoring occasion,
a wakeup grouping set of the set of wakeup grouping sets, the
determined wakeup grouping set including a group that includes the
UE. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to the
methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the
operations of 1710 may be performed by a wakeup component as
described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.
At 1715, the base station may transmit, during the monitoring
occasion, a wakeup signal for the group according to the determined
wakeup grouping set. The operations of 1715 may be performed
according to the methods described herein. In some examples,
aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a wakeup
component as described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.
FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports
wakeup grouping for DRX operation in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. The operations of method 1800 may be
implemented by a base station 105 or its components as described
herein. For example, the operations of method 1800 may be performed
by a communications manager as described with reference to FIGS. 10
through 13. In some examples, a base station may execute a set of
instructions to control the functional elements of the base station
to perform the functions described below. Additionally or
alternatively, a base station may perform aspects of the functions
described below using special-purpose hardware.
At 1805, the base station may transmit, to a UE, signaling
configuring the UE with a set of wakeup grouping sets, each of the
set of wakeup grouping sets identifying a set of groups of one or
more UEs. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to the
methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the
operations of 1805 may be performed by a signaling component as
described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.
At 1810, the base station may identify a hopping pattern for the
set of wakeup grouping sets. The operations of 1810 may be
performed according to the methods described herein. In some
examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a
pattern component as described with reference to FIGS. 10 through
13.
At 1815, the base station may determine the wakeup grouping set for
the monitoring occasion according to the identified hopping
pattern. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to the
methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the
operations of 1815 may be performed by a pattern component as
described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.
At 1820, the base station may transmit, during the monitoring
occasion, a wakeup signal for the group according to the determined
wakeup grouping set. The operations of 1820 may be performed
according to the methods described herein. In some examples,
aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed by a wakeup
component as described with reference to FIGS. 10 through 13.
It should be noted that the methods described herein describe
possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may
be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations
are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may
be combined.
Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless
communications systems such as code division multiple access
(CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division
multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple
access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access
(SC-FDMA), and other systems. A CDMA system may implement a radio
technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.
IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1.times.,
1.times., etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000
1.times.EV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes
Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system may
implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM).
An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra
Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE
802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are
part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE,
LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA,
E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, and GSM are described in
documents from the organization named "3rd Generation Partnership
Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from
an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2"
(3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the
systems and radio technologies mentioned herein as well as other
systems and radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE, LTE-A,
LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example,
and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of
the description, the techniques described herein are applicable
beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR applications.
A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area
(e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted
access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station,
as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the
same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) frequency
bands as macro cells. Small cells may include pico cells, femto
cells, and micro cells according to various examples. A pico cell,
for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow
unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the
network provider. A femto cell may also cover a small geographic
area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having
an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed
subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like).
An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB
for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico
eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple
(e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells, and may also support
communications using one or multiple component carriers.
The wireless communications systems described herein may support
synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation,
the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions
from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time.
For asynchronous operation, the base stations may have different
frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may
not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used
for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
Information and signals described herein may be represented using
any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For
example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits,
symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the
description may be represented by voltages, currents,
electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields
or particles, or any combination thereof.
The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection
with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a
general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other
programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,
discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed
to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose
processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the
processor may be any conventional processor, controller,
microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be
implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a
combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a
DSP core, or any other such configuration).
The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware,
software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination
thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the
functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more
instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples
and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and
appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software,
functions described herein can be implemented using software
executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or
combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may
also be physically located at various positions, including being
distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at
different physical locations.
Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer
storage media and communication media including any medium that
facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to
another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available
medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose
computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory
computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable
programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or
other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic
storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be
used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of
instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a
general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose
or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly
termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is
transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a
coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber
line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and
microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair,
DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and
microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc,
as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital
versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks
usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data
optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included
within the scope of computer-readable media.
As used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of
items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least
one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list such that,
for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C
or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used
herein, the phrase "based on" shall not be construed as a reference
to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that
is described as "based on condition A" may be based on both a
condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of
the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase
"based on" shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase
"based at least in part on."
In the appended figures, similar components or features may have
the same reference label. Further, various components of the same
type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a
dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar
components. If just the first reference label is used in the
specification, the description is applicable to any one of the
similar components having the same first reference label
irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent
reference label.
The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended
drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent
all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the
scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" used herein means
"serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not
"preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed
description includes specific details for the purpose of providing
an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques,
however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some
instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block
diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the
described examples.
The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in
the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the
disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art,
and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other
variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs
described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope
consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed
herein.
* * * * *
References