U.S. patent number 10,892,914 [Application Number 16/233,395] was granted by the patent office on 2021-01-12 for apparatus, system and method of a wireless communication receiver.
This patent grant is currently assigned to INTEL CORPORATION. The grantee listed for this patent is INTEL CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Hagay Barel, Rafi Ben-Tal, Assaf Gurevitz, Oren Kaidar, Elad Meir.
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United States Patent |
10,892,914 |
Gurevitz , et al. |
January 12, 2021 |
Apparatus, system and method of a wireless communication
receiver
Abstract
For example, a wireless communication receiver may be configured
to switch one or more RF components of the receiver between an
on-state and an off-state based on at least one detection criterion
for preamble detection of a frame preamble by a preamble detector
of the receiver, switching the one or more RF components between
the on-state and the off-state including switching the one or more
RF components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the at least one detection criterion is not met,
and switching the one or more RF components from the off-state to
the on-state after an off-state period, wherein a duration of the
off-state period is based at least on a preamble duration of the
frame preamble; and to repeat switching the one or more RF
components between the on-state and the off-state until the frame
preamble is detected by the preamble detector.
Inventors: |
Gurevitz; Assaf (Ramat
Hasharon, IL), Kaidar; Oren (Binyamina,
IL), Ben-Tal; Rafi (Yokneam, IL), Meir;
Elad (Bamat Gan, IL), Barel; Hagay (Kiriat
Bialik, IL) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
INTEL CORPORATION |
Santa Clara |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
INTEL CORPORATION (Santa Clara,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005297883 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/233,395 |
Filed: |
December 27, 2018 |
Prior Publication Data
|
|
|
|
Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20190132154 A1 |
May 2, 2019 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L
23/02 (20130101); H04W 52/50 (20130101); H04B
1/00 (20130101); H04L 27/0008 (20130101); H04L
27/14 (20130101); H04L 27/0012 (20130101); H04W
76/00 (20130101); H04L 5/0007 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04W
4/00 (20180101); H04W 76/00 (20180101); H04L
27/14 (20060101); H04W 52/50 (20090101); H04L
23/02 (20060101); H04L 27/00 (20060101); H04B
1/00 (20060101); H04L 5/00 (20060101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
IEEE Std 802.11.TM.-2016. IEEE Standard for Information
technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between
systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements
Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical
Layer (PHY) Specifications, Dec. 7, 2016, 3534 pages. cited by
applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Duong; Frank
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Shichrur & Co.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause
a wireless communication receiver to: during a Receive (Rx)
listening state, switch one or more Radio Frequency (RF) components
of the receiver between an on-state and an off-state based on at
least one detection criterion for preamble detection of a frame
preamble by a preamble detector of the receiver, wherein the one or
more RF components comprise at least one of a Low Noise Amplifier
(LNA) or an analog Baseband (BB) component, wherein switching the
one or more RF components between the on-state and the off-state,
comprises switching the one or more RF components from the on-state
to the off-state based on determination that the at least one
detection criterion is not met, and switching the one or more RF
components from the off-state to the on-state after an off-state
period, wherein a duration of the off-state period is based at
least on a preamble duration of the frame preamble and a detection
duration of the preamble detection by the preamble detector; and
repeat switching the one or more RF components between the on-state
and the off-state until the frame preamble is detected by the
preamble detector.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one detection
criterion comprises a power detection criterion corresponding to a
detected signal power when the one or more RF components are at the
on-state, wherein switching the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state comprises switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the detected signal power is not greater than a
power threshold.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause the receiver to
detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to a channel filter of
the receiver when the one or more RF components are at the
on-state, and to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
pre-filtering signal power is not greater than a pre-filtering
power threshold.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause the receiver to
detect a post-filtering signal power after a channel filter of the
receiver when the one or more RF components are at the on-state,
and to switch the one or more RF components from the on-state to
the off-state based on determination that the post-filtering signal
power is not greater than a post-filtering power threshold.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the channel filter comprises a
primary channel filter to filter a wireless communication primary
channel for reception of wireless communication signals at the
receiver.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one detection
criterion comprises a preamble detection criterion corresponding to
a result of the preamble detection by the preamble detector.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the receiver to:
detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to a channel filter of
the receiver when the one or more RF components are at the
on-state; when the pre-filtering signal power is not greater than a
pre-filtering power threshold, switch the one or more RF components
from the on-state to the off-state; when the pre-filtering signal
power is greater than the pre-filtering power threshold, detect a
post-filtering signal power after the channel filter when the one
or more RF components are at the on-state; when the post-filtering
signal power is not greater than a post-filtering power threshold,
switch the one or more RF components from the on-state to the
off-state; and when the post-filtering signal power is greater than
the post-filtering power threshold, maintain the one or more RF
components at the on-state at least until a result of the preamble
detection by the preamble detector.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more RF components
comprise at least the LISA, an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC),
and one or more analog BB components.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the duration of the off-state
period is based at least on a post-detection duration of one or
more post-detection operations on the frame preamble.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the duration of the off-state
period is based at least on a predefined minimal duration of a
portion of the frame preamble for the preamble detection by the
preamble detector.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the preamble detection
comprises an Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM)
preamble detection.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 configured to cause the receiver to
perform Direct Current (DC) estimation in parallel to buffering a
Short Training Field (STF) for the OFDM preamble detection.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 configured to cause the receiver to
perform the OFDM preamble detection based on a Short Training Field
(STF), and to allow a symbol timing detection based on at least
part of a Long Training Field (LTF) subsequent to the STF.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the preamble detection
comprises a Complementary Code Keying (CCK) preamble detection.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 configured to cause the receiver to
switch the one or more RF components to the off-state based on a
determination that a partial CCK preamble processing does not
indicate the CCK preamble detection.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the receiver to
maintain at least an RF local oscillator of the receiver operative
when the one or more RF components are at the off-state.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a digital RF controller to
switch the one or more RF components between the on-state and the
off-state during the Rx listening state.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a memory, a processor, and
one or more antennas.
19. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable
non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable
instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor,
enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication
receiver to: during a Receive (Rx) listening state, switch one or
more Radio Frequency (RF) components of the receiver between an
on-state and an off-state based on at least one detection criterion
for preamble detection of a frame preamble by a preamble detector
of the receiver, wherein the one or more RF components comprise at
least one of a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) or an analog Baseband (BB)
component, wherein switching the one or more RF components between
the on-state and the off-state comprises switching the one or more
RF components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the at least one detection criterion is not met,
and switching the one or more RF components from the off-state to
the on-state after an off-state period, wherein a duration of the
off-state period is based at least on a preamble duration of the
frame preamble and a detection duration of the preamble detection
by the preamble detector; and repeat switching the one or more RF
components between the on-state and the off-state until the frame
preamble is detected by the preamble detector.
20. The product of claim 19, wherein the at least one detection
criterion comprises a power detection criterion corresponding to a
detected signal power when the one or more RF components are at the
on-state, wherein switching the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state comprises switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the detected signal power is not greater than a
power threshold.
21. The product of claim 19, wherein the at least one detection
criterion comprises a preamble detection criterion corresponding to
a result of the preamble detection by the preamble detector.
22. The product of claim 19, wherein the instructions, when
executed, cause the receiver to: detect a pre-filtering signal
power prior to a channel filter of the receiver when the one or
more RF components are at the on-state; when the pre-filtering
signal power is not greater than a pre-filtering power threshold,
switch the one or more RF components from the on-state to the
off-state; when the pre-filtering signal power is greater than the
pre-filtering power threshold, detect a post-filtering signal power
after the channel filter when the one or more RF components are at
the on-state; when the post-filtering signal power is not greater
than a post-filtering power threshold, switch the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state; and when the
post-filtering signal power is greater than the post-filtering
power threshold, maintain the one or more RF components at the
on-state at least until a result of the preamble detection by the
preamble detector.
23. The product of claim 19, wherein the one or more RF components
comprise at least the LNA, an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC),
and one or more analog BB components.
24. An apparatus of wireless communication by a wireless
communication receiver, the apparatus comprising: preamble detector
means for preamble detection of a frame preamble; and means for
switching, during a Receive (Rx) listening state, one or more Radio
Frequency (RF) components of the receiver between an on-state and
an off-state based on at least one detection criterion for preamble
detection of the frame preamble by the preamble the preamble
detector means, wherein the one or more RF components comprise at
least one of a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) or an analog Baseband (BB)
component, wherein switching the one or more RF components between
the on-state and the off-state comprises switching the one or more
RF components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the at least one detection criterion is not met,
and switching the one or more RF components from the off-state to
the on-state after an off-state period, wherein a duration of the
off-state period is based at least on a preamble duration of the
frame preamble and a detection duration of the preamble detection
by the preamble detector means, wherein the means for switching
comprises means for repeating switching the one or more RF
components between the on-state and the off-state until the frame
preamble is detected by the preamble detector means.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one detection
criterion comprises a power detection criterion corresponding to a
detected signal power when the one or more RF components are at the
on-state, wherein switching the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state comprises switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the detected signal power is not greater than a
power threshold.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
Embodiments described herein generally relate to a wireless
communication receiver.
BACKGROUND
A wireless communication receiver, e.g., a WiFi receiver, may
operate in a listen mode, at which the receiver may search for a
received packet.
Power consumption during the listen mode may be reduced compared to
a power consumption during a receive mode, e.g., for data symbol
demodulation. However, the receiver may spend much more time in the
listen mode compared to time spent for data symbol
demodulation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the
figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the
dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to
other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference
numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate
corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are listed
below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a receiver, in accordance
with some demonstrative embodiments.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a detection procedure, in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
FIG. 4 is a schematic timing diagram of preamble processing, in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
FIG. 5 is a schematic timing diagram of three duty cycles, in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a structure of an
Orthogonal-Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) packet, which may
be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative
embodiments.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting a power of
an OFDM signal over time, in accordance with some demonstrative
embodiments.
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a detection scheme for
detection of a frame preamble, in accordance with some
demonstrative embodiments.
FIG. 9 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of a
wireless communication receiver, in accordance with some
demonstrative embodiments.
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details
are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some
embodiments. However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary
skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without
these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods,
procedures, components, units and/or circuits have not been
described in detail so as not to obscure the discussion.
Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example,
"processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining",
"establishing", "analyzing", "checking", or the like, may refer to
operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing
platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device,
that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical
(e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers
and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical
quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other
information storage medium that may store instructions to perform
operations and/or processes.
The terms "plurality" and "a plurality", as used herein, include,
for example, "multiple" or "two or more". For example, "a plurality
of items" includes two or more items.
References to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "demonstrative
embodiment", "various embodiments" etc., indicate that the
embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature,
structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily
includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic.
Further, repeated use of the phrase "in one embodiment" does not
necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal
adjectives "first", "second", "third" etc., to describe a common
object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects
are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the
objects so described must be in a given sequence, either
temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.
Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices
and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device
(MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop
computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook
computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld
computer, a handheld device, a wearable device, a sensor device, an
Internet of Things (IoT) device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board
device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular
device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a
non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication
station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point
(AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a
video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired
or wireless network, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area
Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN),
a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the
like.
Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or
networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11
standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 (IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE
Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area
networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Dec. 7,
2016)) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices
and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WFA
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (WiFi P2P technical
specification, version 1.7, Jul. 6, 2016) and/or future versions
and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in
accordance with existing cellular specifications and/or protocols,
e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term
Evolution (LTE) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof,
units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, and the
like.
Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or
two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone
communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a
wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device,
a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a
mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device
which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device
which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input
Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input
Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input
Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or
more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video
Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or
systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types
of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example,
Radio Frequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division
Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal
Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Time-Division
Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA),
Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA),
Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS),
Extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA
(WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,
Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT),
Bluetooth.RTM., Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max,
ZigBee.TM., Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile
communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation (5G),
or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution
(LTE), LTE Advanced, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE),
or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other
devices, systems and/or networks.
The term "wireless device", as used herein, includes, for example,
a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device
capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable
of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device
capable of wireless communication, or the like. In some
demonstrative embodiments, a wireless device may be or may include
a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral
that is attached to a computer. In some demonstrative embodiments,
the term "wireless device" may optionally include a wireless
service.
The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a
communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal
and/or receiving the communication signal. For example, a
communication unit, which is capable of communicating a
communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the
communication signal to at least one other communication unit,
and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal
from at least one other communication unit. The verb communicating
may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of
receiving. In one example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may
refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device,
and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal
by a second device. In another example, the phrase "communicating a
signal" may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first
device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting
the signal by a second device. The communication signal may be
transmitted and/or received, for example, in the form of Radio
Frequency (RF) communication signals, and/or any other type of
signal.
As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or
include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an
integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared,
dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group),
that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a
combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware
components that provide the described functionality. In some
embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions
associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more
software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may
include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.
The term "logic" may refer, for example, to computing logic
embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing
logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus. For example, the
logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus
to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions
and/or operations. In one example, logic may be embedded in various
types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various
chips and/or processors. Logic may be included in, and/or
implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry,
receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry,
transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like. In one
example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or
non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only
memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory,
persistent memory, and the like. Logic may be executed by one or
more processors using memory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers,
and/or the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as
necessary to execute the logic.
Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a
WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in
conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network,
for example, a wireless area network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN
and the like.
Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a
wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band
of 2.4 GHz, or 5 GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented
utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency
bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the
millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band
within the frequency band of between 20 GHz and 300 GHz, a WLAN
frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, and the like.
The term "antenna", as used herein, may include any suitable
configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna
elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In some
embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive
functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna
elements. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit
and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated
transmit/receive elements. The antenna may include, for example, a
phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched
beam antennas, and/or the like.
Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to
WiFi communication. However, other embodiments may be implemented
with respect to any other communication scheme, network, standard
and/or protocol.
Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a
block diagram of a system 100, in accordance with some
demonstrative embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments system 100
may include a wireless communication network including one or more
wireless communication devices, e.g., wireless communication
devices 102 and/or 140.
In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices
102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP,
a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an
Ultrabook.TM. computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a
server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT)
device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a
PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board
device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone
functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer
device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or
portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile
phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which
incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable
GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a
non-desktop computer, a "Carry Small Live Large" (CSLL) device, an
Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile
Internet Device (MID), an "Origami" device or computing device, a
device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), a
context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V
device, a Set-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD
recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD)
DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video
Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio
source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast
radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player
(PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a
speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a
data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a media
player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, or the
like.
In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may
include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or
more STAs. For example, device 102 may include at least one STA,
and/or device 140 may include at least one STA.
In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may
include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or
more WLAN STAs.
In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may
include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or
more Wi-Fi STAs.
In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may
include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or
more BT devices.
In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may
include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or
more Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) STAs.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, operate
as, and/or perform the functionality of an AP STA e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, operate
as, and/or perform the functionality of a non-AP STA, e.g., as
described below.
For example, the AP may include a router, a PC, a server, a Hot
Spot and/or the like.
In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that
is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC)
and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The
STA may perform any other additional or alternative
functionality.
In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station
(STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services,
via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may
perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
In one example, a non-access-point (non-AP) station (STA) may
include a STA that is not contained within an AP. The non-AP STA
may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for
example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an
output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195;
and/or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of a
processor 181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit
184, and/or a storage unit 185. Devices 102 and/or 140 may
optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or
software components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some or all
of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be
enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be
interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or
wireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more of
devices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or
separate devices.
In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor
181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a
Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a
single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core
processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a
plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or
more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC),
an Application-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable
multi-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191
executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of
device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor
181 executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS)
of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.
In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit
182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a
touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or
other suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193
and/or output unit 183 includes, for example, a monitor, a screen,
a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED)
display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma
display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other
suitable output devices.
In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory
unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a
Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM
(SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory,
a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term
memory unit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit 195
and/or storage unit 185 includes, for example, a hard disk drive, a
floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD
drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units.
Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195, for example, may store
data processed by device 102. Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit
185, for example, may store data processed by device 140.
In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices
102 and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data,
information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some
demonstrative embodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for
example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, a Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an
IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, and the like.
In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication medium
103 may include a 2.4 GHz frequency band or a 5 GHz frequency band,
a millimeterWave (mmWave) frequency band, e.g., a 60 GHz frequency
band, a Sub-1 GHz (S1G) band, and/or any other frequency band.
In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may
include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to
perform wireless communication between devices 102, and/or 140
and/or one or more other wireless communication devices. For
example, device 102 may include a radio 114, and/or device 140 may
include a radio 144.
In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may
include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry
and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals,
frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data
items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one
receiver 116, and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver
146.
In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may
include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry
and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF
signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages,
data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at
least one transmitter 118, and/or radio 144 may include at least
one transmitter 148.
In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144,
transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may
include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry
and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation
elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry
and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to
analog converters; filters; and/or the like. For example, radio 114
and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a
wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like.
In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may be
configured to communicate over a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, an
mmWave band, a S1G band, and/or any other band.
In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may
include, or may be associated with, one or more antennas 107 and/or
147, respectively.
In one example, device 102 may include a single antenna 107. In
another example, device 102 may include two or more antennas
107.
In one example, device 140 may include a single antenna 147. In
another example, device 140 may include two or more antennas
147.
Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable
for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals,
blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or
data. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable
configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna
elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107
and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for
directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. For
example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array
antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam
antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or
147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using
separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some
embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and
receive functionalities using common and/or integrated
transmit/receive elements.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a
controller 124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154.
Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger,
cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more
communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages
and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more
functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102,
140, and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be
configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or
control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to
generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or
transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities,
operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140, and/or one
or more other devices, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 may
include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry
and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry
and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control
(MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or
logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB
memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP
processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic,
configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or
154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more
functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by
logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more
processors, e.g., as described below.
In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic,
for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or
logic, to cause, trigger and/or control device 102, and/or a
wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102,
to perform one or more operations, communications and/or
functionalities, e.g., as described herein. In one example,
controller 124 may include at least one memory, e.g., coupled to
the one or more processors, which may be configured, for example,
to store, e.g., at least temporarily, at least some of the
information processed by the one or more processors and/or
circuitry, and/or which may be configured to store logic to be
utilized by the processors and/or circuitry.
In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic,
for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or
logic, to cause, trigger and/or control device 140, and/or a
wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140,
to perform one or more operations, communications and/or
functionalities, e.g., as described herein. In one example,
controller 154 may include at least one memory, e.g., coupled to
the one or more processors, which may be configured, for example,
to store, e.g., at least temporarily, at least some of the
information processed by the one or more processors and/or
circuitry, and/or which may be configured to store logic to be
utilized by the processors and/or circuitry.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the
functionality of controller 124 may be implemented as part of one
or more elements of radio 114, and/or at least part of the
functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of one
or more elements of radio 144.
In other embodiments, one or more functionalities of controller 124
may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102,
and/or one or more functionalities of controller 154 may be
implemented as part of any other element of device 140.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a message
processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or
more messages communicated by device 102.
In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate
one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or
message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process
one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described
below.
In one example, message processor 128 may include at least one
first component configured to generate a message, for example, in
the form of a frame, field, information element and/or protocol
data unit, for example, a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU); at least
one second component configured to convert the message into a PHY
Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), e.g., a PHY Layer Convergence Procedure
(PLCP) PDU, for example, by processing the message generated by the
at least one first component, e.g., by encoding the message,
modulating the message and/or performing any other additional or
alternative processing of the message; and/or at least one third
component configured to cause transmission of the message over a
wireless communication medium, e.g., over a wireless communication
channel in a wireless communication frequency band, for example, by
applying to one or more fields of the PPDU one or more transmit
waveforms. In other embodiments, message processor 128 may be
configured to perform any other additional or alternative
functionality and/or may include any other additional or
alternative components to generate and/or process a message to be
transmitted.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a message
processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or
more messages communicated by device 140.
In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate
one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or
message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process
one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described
below.
In one example, message processor 158 may include at least one
first component configured to generate a message, for example, in
the form of a frame, field, information element and/or protocol
data unit, for example, a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU); at least
one second component configured to convert the message into PHY
Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), e.g., a PLCP PDU, for example, by
processing the message generated by the at least one first
component, e.g., by encoding the message, modulating the message
and/or performing any other additional or alternative processing of
the message; and/or at least one third component configured to
cause transmission of the message over a wireless communication
medium, e.g., over a wireless communication channel in a wireless
communication frequency band, for example, by applying to one or
more fields of the PPDU one or more transmit waveforms. In other
embodiments, message processor 158 may be configured to perform any
other additional or alternative functionality and/or may include
any other additional or alternative components to generate and/or
process a message to be transmitted.
In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or
158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by
circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including
circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access
Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY)
circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor,
a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP
memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to
perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158,
respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more
functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be
implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one
or more processors, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the
functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part
of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of message
processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the
functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part
of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of
message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller
154.
In other embodiments, one or more functionalities of message
processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of
device 102, and/or one or more functionalities of message processor
158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device
140.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the
functionality of controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be
implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a
System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be
configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114. For
example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of
controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128,
and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example,
controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be
implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or
radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or
alternative elements of device 102.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the
functionality of controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be
implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a
SoC. In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform
one or more functionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or
SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more
elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of
radio 144. In one example, controller 154, message processor 158,
and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.
In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or
radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or
alternative elements of device 140.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may
include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or
more functionalities of, one or more STAs. For example, device 102
may include at least one STA, and/or device 140.
In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices
102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a wireless
local area network (WLAN).
In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices
102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a WiFi
network.
In other embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140
may form, and/or communicate as part of, any other additional or
alternative network.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a wireless communication
receiver, for example, a WiFi receiver, e.g., receiver 116, may be
configured to operate at a listen mode, at which the receiver may
search for a packet or a frame preamble.
In some demonstrative embodiments, during the listen mode, one or
more components of the receiver, e.g., an RF receiver, a digital
front-end, and/or a preamble detector, may be active.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a power consumption of receiver
116 during the listen mode may be reduced, e.g., compared to a
power consumption of receiver 116 during data symbol
demodulation.
In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases, e.g., over
long periods of time, receiver 116 may spend much more time in the
listen mode compared to time spent during the data symbol
demodulation.
In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases, the power
consumption of receiver 116 during the listen mode may have a
substantial influence on an overall power consumption of receiver
116. Therefore, it may be advantageous to reduce or minimize the
power consumption of receiver 116, e.g., at least during the listen
mode.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the power consumption of
receiver 116 during the listen mode may be a significant power Key
Performance Indicator (KPI) in some use cases, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the power consumption of
receiver 116 during the listen mode may have a substantial
influence on a total power consumption of receiver 116 in many WiFi
use cases, for example, sporadic traffic, e.g., background traffic
including mail synchronization, discovery, and the like, and/or in
other use cases such as web browsing and/or the like.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the power consumption of
receiver 116 during the listen mode may have a substantial
influence on a total power consumption of receiver 116, for
example, in congested environments, in which an increased time may
be spent in the listen mode, e.g., due to collisions.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to
implement and/or support a power-save scheme, which may
significantly reduce the power consumption of receiver 116, for
example, during the listen mode, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, receiver 116 may be configured
according to the power-save scheme, which may result, for example,
in a reduction of more than 50% of a total power consumption of
receiver 116, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, other
levels of reduction in the power consumption may be achieved.
In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases,
implementations and/or scenarios, it may not be efficient and/or
effective to set a low power mode for a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA),
e.g., before a preamble is detected, since, for example, such a
setting may result in an increased noise level.
In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases,
implementations and/or scenarios, it may not be efficient and/or
effective to set a low power mode for an Analog to Digital
Converter (ADC) with reduced dynamic range, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases,
implementations and/or scenarios, it may not be efficient and/or
effective to clock gate one or more portions of a digital front
end, and/or a preamble detector, while keeping an operational input
power estimator, and activating the clock gated blocks only after
the power rises above a threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases,
implementations and/or scenarios, it may not be efficient and/or
effective to switch a receiver to a Low Intermediate Frequency
(Low-IF) using only a single mixer and an ADC. For example, such a
scheme may degrade sensitivity and/or an adjacent channel rejection
of the receiver.
In some demonstrative embodiments, in some use cases,
implementations and/or scenarios, it may not be efficient and/or
effective to use long sleep and awake periods, e.g., as used in a
scanning mechanism, for example, to allow a receiver to be awake
only a part of the time. For example, such a scheme may result in a
higher probability to miss packets, e.g., when the receiver is not
available over a channel.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the solutions described above
may incur a sensitivity degradation, e.g., in preamble detection
and/or in data symbol demodulation.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF and analog blocks of a
receiver, e.g., in the solutions described above, may consume power
continuously, even in low power or a low performance setting.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to
implement and/or support a power-save scheme, which may include for
example, switching off RF circuits of receiver 116, for example, at
a certain duty cycle, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, switching off the RF circuits of
receiver 116 according to a duty cycle may allow to accomplish a
significant reduction in the power consumption of receiver 116, for
example, while incurring a negligible performance degradation or
even not incurring a performance degradation.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to
implement and/or support a time slotted mode of operation (also
referred to as a "Slotted Rx" or a "switching scheme"), at which a
receiver, e.g., receiver 116, may scan for an incoming signal, for
example, using a low power consumption and/or low performance
degradation, for example, compared to conventional receivers, e.g.,
as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to
implement and/or support a switching scheme, e.g., a very fast
on/off switching scheme, in which RF and/or digital components of
receiver 116 may be switched on and off intermittently, for
example, while still being able to detect a packet and successfully
demodulate a payload of the packet, for example, even without
reducing a probability of missing a packet, for example, due to
long sleep/awake periods, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a significant reduction in power
consumption may be achieved, for example, as a result of turning
off the RF components of the receiver, e.g., compared to solutions
in which the RF components of the receiver are not switched
off.
In some demonstrative embodiments, implementing the switching
scheme during the listen mode may achieve, for example, a power
consumption reduction of at least 50%, for example, with a marginal
sensitivity degradation, and even up to 85% or more, for example,
with a higher sensitivity degradation, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to
combine the switching scheme with one or more static power saving
methods, e.g., one or more of the solutions described above, and/or
other solutions.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the switching scheme may be
configured to support reception of wireless OFDM signals, for
example, in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 Standards.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the switching scheme may be
configured to support reception of wireless Complementary Code
Keying (CCK) signals, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.11
Standard.
In one example, a same preamble detection algorithm may be
implemented, e.g., in parallel, for example, to support detection
of the OFDM signals and/or the CCK signals.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to
implement a switching scheme to switch or more RF components 170 of
receiver 116 between an on-state and an off-state one, e.g., as
described below
In some demonstrative embodiments, the switching scheme may include
switching the one or more RF components 170 of receiver 116 between
the on-state and the off-state, for example, based on one or more
detections schemes, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the switching scheme may include
switching the one or more RF components 170 of receiver 116 between
the on-state and the off-state, for example, based on an energy
detection and/or a preamble detection, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the energy detection may include
one or more power measurement detections, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a first power detection, e.g., a
high-bandwidth and low latency power measurement, may be
implemented to detect wideband signals, and/or may be located
and/or performed after an Analog to DC Converter (ADC) of receiver
116, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a second power detection, e.g.,
a low-bandwidth and medium latency power measurement, may be
implemented to detect a primary channel bandwidth, and/or may be
located and/or performed after filtering of a wireless signal to a
primary channel bandwidth, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the second power measurement may
be more accurate, for example, compared to the first power
measurement, e.g., if the second power measurement is not affected
by adjacent interferers and/or wide band noises.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may be configured to
implement a switching scheme to switch the one or more RF
components 170 of receiver 116 between an on-state and an
off-state, for example, according to an energy detection criterion
and/or a preamble detection criterion, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, receiver 116 may include an RF
controller 164 configured to switch the one or more RF components
170 of receiver 116 between the on-state and the off-state, e.g.,
as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may include,
or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or
logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or
logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY)
circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB
processor, a BB memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic,
which may be configured to perform the functionality of RF
controller 164, respectively.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the
functionality of RF controller 164 may be implemented, for example,
as part of one or more elements of controller 124.
In other embodiments, one or more functionalities of RF controller
164 may be implemented as part of any other element of receiver 116
or device 102.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may include a
digital RF controller 164.
In other embodiments, RF controller 164 may include any other RF
controller.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to switch the one or more RF components 170 of receiver
116 between the on-state and the off-state, for example, during a
Receive (Rx) listening state of receiver 116, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more RF components
170 may include at least a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) 168, an ADC
172, and/or one or more analog Baseband (BB) components 166.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more analog BB
components 166 may include, for example, a BB filter, a BB
amplifier, and/or any other BB components.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more RF components
170 may include any other additional and/or alternative RF
components, modules, and/or elements.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 of the receiver 116
between an on-state and an off-state, for example, based on at
least one detection criterion for preamble detection of a frame
preamble by a Preamble Detector (PD) 162 of the receiver 116, e.g.,
as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to maintain one or more other components of receiver 116, e.g., at
least an RF Local Oscillator (LO) 176 of receiver 116 and/or any
other components of receiver 116, operative, for example, when the
one or more RF components 170 are at the off-state, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 between the on-state
and the off-state, for example, by switching the one or more RF
components 170 from the on-state to the off-state, for example,
based on determination that the at least one detection criterion is
not met, and by switching the one or more RF components 170 from
the off-state to the on-state, for example, after an off-state
period, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a duration of the off-state
period may be based, for example, on a preamble duration of the
frame preamble and/or a detection duration of the preamble
detection by the preamble detector 162, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the duration of the off-state
period may be based, for example, on a post-detection duration of
one or more post-detection operations on the frame preamble, e.g.,
as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the duration of the off-state
period may be based, for example, on a predefined minimal duration
of a portion of the frame preamble for the preamble detection by
the preamble detector 162, e.g., as described below.
In other embodiments, the duration of the off-state period may be
based on any other additional or alternative parameter and/or
criterion.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to repeat switching the one or more RF components 170 of receiver
116 between the on-state and the off-state, for example, until the
frame preamble is detected by the preamble detector 162, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the detection criterion may
include a power detection criterion corresponding to a detected
signal power, for example, when the one or more RF components 170
are at the on-state, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 from the on-state to
the off-state, for example, based on determination that the
detected signal power is not greater than a power threshold, e.g.,
as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the detection criterion may
include a pre-filtering signal power, e.g., prior to a channel
filter 174 of receiver 116, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, channel filter 174 may include
at least a primary channel filter configured to filter a wireless
communication primary channel for reception of wireless
communication signals at receiver 116, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to the channel filter
174 of receiver 116, for example, when the one or more RF
components 170 are at the on-state, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 from the on-state to
the off-state, for example, based on determination that the
pre-filtering signal power is not greater than a pre-filtering
power threshold, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the detection criterion may
include a post-filtering signal power after the channel filter 174
of receiver 116, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to detect a post-filtering signal power after the channel filter
174 of receiver 116, for example, when the one or more RF
components 170 are at the on-state, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 of receiver 116 from
the on-state to the off-state, for example, based on determination
that the post-filtering signal power is not greater than a
post-filtering power threshold, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 of receiver 116 from
the on-state to the off-state, for example, when at least one
detection criterion of the preamble detection criterion, the
pre-filtering signal power, and/or the post-filtering signal power
is not met, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to detect the pre-filtering signal power prior to the channel
filter 174 of receiver 116, for example, when the one or more RF
components 170 are at the on-state, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 from the on-state to
the off-state, for example, when the pre-filtering signal power is
not greater than the pre-filtering power threshold, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to, when the pre-filtering signal power is greater than the
pre-filtering power threshold, detect the post-filtering signal
power after the channel filter 174, for example, when the one or
more RF components 170 are at the on-state, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 from the on-state to
the off-state, for example, when the post-filtering signal power is
not greater than the post-filtering power threshold, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to, when the post-filtering signal power is greater than the
post-filtering power threshold, maintain the one or more RF
components 170 at the on-state at least until a result of the
preamble detection by the preamble detector 172, e.g., as described
below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the detection criterion may
include a preamble detection criterion corresponding to a result of
the preamble detection by the preamble detector 162, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the preamble detection may
include an OFDM preamble detection, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to perform Direct Current (DC) estimation in parallel to buffering
a Short Training Field (STF) for the OFDM preamble detection, e.g.,
as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to perform the OFDM preamble detection based on the STF, and/or to
allow a symbol timing detection, for example, based on at least
part of a Long Training Field (LTF) subsequent to the STF, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the preamble detection may
include a CCK preamble detection, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF controller 164 may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
to switch the one or more RF components 170 to the off-state, for
example, based on a determination that a partial CCK preamble
processing does not indicate the CCK preamble detection, for
example, when the preamble detection includes the CCK preamble
detection e.g., as described below.
In other embodiments, the preamble detection may be in accordance
with any other modulation technique and/or scheme.
Reference is made to FIG. 2, which schematically illustrates a
receiver 216, in accordance with some demonstrative
embodiments.
In one example, receiver 116 (FIG. 1) may be configured to perform
one or more operation of, one or more functionalities of, the role
of, and/or the functionality of, receiver 216.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, receiver 216
may include an RF receiver component 210 and a digital receiver
component 220.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, receiver 216
may include a digital RF controller 264 configured to switch one or
more RF components of receiver 216 between an on-state and an
off-state, for example, during an Rx listening state of receiver
216.
In some demonstrative embodiments, digital RF controller 264 may be
configured to switch between the on-state and the off-state the one
or more RF components of receiver 216 including, for example, an
external LNA 261, an internal LNA 268, a mixer 269, a BB filter
271, a BB amplifier 273, an ADC 272, and/or one or more additional
and/or alternative components.
In some demonstrative embodiments, digital RF controller 264 may be
configured to maintain one or more other RF components operative,
for example, while the one or more RF components of receiver 216
are at the off-state. For example, digital RF controller 264 may
maintain an LO 276, one or more Low-Dropout Linear Regulators
(LDOs) 275, and/or any other additional or alternative components
of receiver 216, operative, for example, while LNA 261, LNA 268,
mixer 269, BB filter 271, BB amplifier 273, and/or ADC 272 are at
the off-state.
In some demonstrative embodiments, digital RF controller 264 may be
configured to switch the one or more RF components of receiver 216
from the on-state to the off-state, for example, based on a
determination that at least one detection criterion 280 is not met,
e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, receiver 216 may include an
acquisition controller 284 configured to trigger, cause, instruct
and/or control digital RF controller 264 to switch the one or more
RF components from the on-state to the off-state, for example,
based on the determination that the at least one detection
criterion 280 is not met, e.g., as described below.
In one example, RF controller 164 (FIG. 1) may be configured to
perform one or more operations of, one or more functionalities of,
the role of, and/or the functionality of, digital RF controller 264
and/or acquisition controller 284.
In some demonstrative embodiments, receiver 216 may include a first
power detector 222 to detect a pre-filtering signal power of a
pre-filtering signal 221, e.g., prior to a channel filter 274 of
receiver 216, for example, when the one or more RF components are
at the on-state, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, acquisition controller 284 may
be configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control digital RF
controller 264 to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state, for example, when the pre-filtering
signal power of pre-filtering signal 221 is not greater than a
pre-filtering power threshold, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, receiver 216 may include a
second power detector 224 configured to detect a post-filtering
signal power of a post-filtering signal 223, e.g., after the
channel filter 274 of receiver 216, for example, when the
pre-filtering signal power of pre-filtering signal 221 is greater
than the pre-filtering power threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, acquisition controller 284 may
be configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control digital RF
controller 264 to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state, for example, when the post-filtering
signal power of post-filtering signal 223 is not greater than a
post-filtering power threshold, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, receiver 216 may include an OFDM
preamble detector 262 to detect an OFDM preamble of a signal 225,
for example, when the post-filtering signal power of post-filtering
signal 223 is greater than the pre-filtering power threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, receiver 216 may include a CCK
preamble detector 263, e.g., to detect a CCK preamble of a signal
225, for example, when the post-filtering signal power of
post-filtering signal 223 is greater than the pre-filtering power
threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, acquisition controller 284 may
be configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control digital RF
controller 264 to maintain the one or more RF components at the
on-state, for example, at least until a result of the preamble
detection by OFDM preamble detector 262 or CCK preamble detector
263, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, acquisition controller 284 may
be configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control digital RF
controller 264 to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state, for example, when a result of OFDM
preamble detector 262 or a result of CCK preamble detector 263
indicates that a preamble is not detected.
Reference is made to FIG. 3, which schematically illustrates a
detection procedure 300, in accordance with some demonstrative
embodiments.
In one example, one or more of the operations of detection
procedure 300 may be performed by one or more elements of a
receiver, e.g., receiver 116 (FIG. 1) and/or receiver 216 (FIG.
2).
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, detection
procedure 300 may include an initial state 310 (Rx off), at which
one or more components of a receiver, e.g., RF components 170 (FIG.
1), are turned off, e.g., are at the off-state.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, detection
procedure 300 may include a state 312 (Rx Wake), at which the one
or more components of the receiver are turned on, e.g., to an RX
Wake state, for example, according to a duty cycle, e.g., a short
duty cycle.
In some demonstrative embodiments, during state 312 other RF
components, e.g., RF components, which cannot be switched between
the on-state and the off-state in the short duty cycle, may remain
statically on.
In one example, RF and Front-End components, such as, for example,
LNA 168 (FIG. 1), ADC 172 (FIG. 1), and/or analog BB components 166
(FIG. 1), may be switched on and off at states 310 and 312, for
example, while a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) component of receiver 116
(FIG. 1) and/or LO 176 (FIG. 1) may remain operative.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, detection
procedure 300 may include a state 314 (also referred to as "all
band", e.g., a wideband, power detector (Pdet) ("Allband Pdet")
state), at which the receiver may detect wideband signals, for
example, by power detector 222 (FIG. 2), e.g., according to a
high-bandwidth and a low latency power measurement.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the receiver may return to state
310, for example, if no signal is detected at state 314. In one
example, this operation may yield a first duty cycle, for example,
of about .about.85% of the RX-off state.
In other embodiments, another mode of operation may be implemented,
e.g., instead of the power detection state 314, for example, by
using different duty cycles for power detector 222 (FIG. 2).
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, detection
procedure 300 may include a state 316 (also referred to as "Primary
Channel Power Detector (Prim Pdet)"), at which the receiver may
detect power in a signal at an output of a digital filtering chain,
e.g., at an output of channel filter 274 (FIG. 2), that filters a
Primary channel, e.g., a primary 20 MHz channel, for example, when
power is detected at state 314.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the power detection at state 316
may be more accurate, e.g., compared to power detection at state
314, for example, when adjacent and/or other wide band noises are
filtered out.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the receiver may return to state
310, for example, if no signal is detected at state 316. In one
example, this operation may yield a second duty cycle, for example,
of about .about.80% of the RX-off state.
In some demonstrative embodiments, returning to state 310, for
example, after state 316, may provide a better power estimate at a
price of a lower duty cycle, e.g., compared to the operations at
state 314.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, detection
procedure 300 may include a state 318 (also referred to as wireless
Preamble Detection (WiFi Det)), at which the receiver detects a
frame preamble.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the receiver may be configured
to attempt to detect an OFDM preamble at state 318.
In some demonstrative embodiments, during state 318, OFDM preamble
detector 262 (FIG. 2) may remain operative, e.g., until it finishes
a first detection period.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the receiver may be configured
to attempt to detect a CCK preamble at state 318.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at state 318, CCK preamble
detector 263 (FIG. 2) may remain operative, e.g., until a detection
decision is made on the CCK preamble.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the CCK preamble detection may
include at least two detection stages, for example, including a
preliminary CCK preamble detection stage, and a full preamble
detection stage, e.g., as described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, at state 318, a determination
may be made, e.g., by CCK preamble detector 263 (FIG. 2), on
whether a partial CCK preamble processing indicates or does not
indicate a CCK preamble detection.
In some demonstrative embodiments, detection procedure 300 may
include a state 319 (also referred to as wireless CCK Detection
(WiFi CCK)), at which the receiver may attempt to detect the CCK
frame preamble, e.g., based on a full preamble detection, for
example, when the partial CCK preamble is detected at state
318.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the preliminary CCK preamble
detection may be shorter than a full CCK preamble detection and/or
may be configured for a high false detection rate, e.g. a false
detection rate of above 10%.
For example, false detections by the CCK preamble detector may
result in RF, FE and/or digital blocks on the receiver to be
activated for a few more microseconds, and, accordingly, a power
consumption reduction may be slightly degraded.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the receiver may return to state
310, for example, if no frame preamble is detected during state
318. In one example, this operation may yield a third duty cycle,
for example, of about .about.50% of the RX-off state.
In other embodiments, the third duty cycle may be configurable to
yield any other duty cycle.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, detection
procedure 300 may include a state 320 (also referred to as "Finish
Acquisition and Demodulation (Demod)"), at which the receiver may
finish acquisition and demodulation to detect the frame preamble,
for example, if the frame preamble is detected at state 318 or at
state 319.
In one example, if an OFDM preamble detector, e.g., OFDM preamble
detector 262 (FIG. 2) declares detection, e.g., at state 318, the
receiver may proceed to state 320, at which RF and Digital circuits
of the receiver may be switched on, e.g., until a modem exits the
Rx-listen mode or a packet fails to demodulate.
In another, if a CCK preamble detector, e.g., CCK preamble detector
263 (FIG. 2), declares a preliminary CCK preamble detection, e.g.,
at state 318, the operation of the CCK preamble detector may be
extended to perform full preamble detection, e.g., at state 319,
and the receiver may proceed to state 320, for example, if the full
preamble is detected at state 319. Otherwise, e.g., if the CCK
preamble is not detected at state 318 or at state 319, the receiver
may deactivate the RF and digital blocks and may return to state
310.
In some demonstrative embodiments, when the receiver returns to
state 310, e.g., the Rx-off state, a counter may be applied to
measure a time until a next phase of Rx-On occurs, e.g., state
312.
In some demonstrative embodiments, there may be a tradeoff between
a duty cycle and a sensitivity of a receiver, e.g., receiver 116
(FIG. 1), to detect received frames, e.g., as described below.
In one example, operating the receiver according to the first duty
cycle, e.g., at about an 85% duty cycle, for example, while using a
wide bandwidth power estimator and/or a certain threshold to
proceed to the next state, may result in a reduction of the
sensitivity of the receiver. For example, the sensitivity may be
reduced, for example, due to a noise power, which may influence a
determination on whether or not a detected signal power is greater
than a power threshold. In addition, a modem may be more sensitive
to adjacent interferers, e.g., that may not be filtered in this
state, which may also reduce the sensitivity of the receiver.
In another example, operating the receiver according to the third
duty cycle, e.g., at about a 50% duty cycle, for example, based on
the preamble detection criterion, may result in an increased
sensitivity of the receiver, e.g., compared to the sensitivity of
the receiver at the first duty cycle, which may be, in some cases,
more suitable for practical operation in one or more use cases.
In another example, operating the receiver according to the second
duty cycle, e.g., at about a 50% duty cycle, for example, detect a
post-filtering signal power after the channel filter, may result in
a reduction of the sensitivity of the receiver, e.g., compared to
the sensitivity of the receiver at the first duty cycle, for
example, due to a reduced noise power, which may influence the
determination on whether or not a detected signal power is greater
than a power threshold. However, the sensitivity of the receiver
may be higher, e.g., compared to the sensitivity of the receiver at
the third duty cycle, which may have a negligible effect on
sensitivity.
Reference is made to FIG. 4, which schematically illustrates a
timing diagram 400 of preamble processing, in accordance with some
demonstrative embodiments.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a receiver, e.g., receiver 116
(FIG. 1), may be configured to process a frame preamble 402, for
example, according to timing diagram 400.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, at an
initial time, e.g., at a zero timestamp, a beginning of frame
preamble 402 may be received at an antenna of the receiver.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, at a first
timestamp 410, the beginning of frame preamble 402 may be output by
an ADC of the receiver, e.g., ADC 172 (FIG. 1).
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, at a second
timestamp 420, the beginning of the frame preamble 402 may be
output by a channel filter of the receiver, e.g., channel filter
174 (FIG. 1).
Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates a
timing diagram 500 of three duty cycles, in accordance with some
demonstrative embodiments.
In one example, the duty cycles according to timing diagram 500 may
be implemented with respect to an OFDM signal. In another example,
the duty cycles according to timing diagram may be implemented with
respect to a CCK signal.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a first
duty-cycle 510, e.g., an all-band low duty cycle, may be based, for
example, on detection of a pre-filtering signal power prior to a
channel filter, e.g., a high bandwidth power measurement, e.g., as
described above. The duty cycle 510 may result, for example, in a
power-on ratio of about .about.15%, e.g., when the high bandwidth
power measurement did not detect a signal, for example, if a
pre-filtering signal power is not greater than a pre-filtering
power threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a second
duty-cycle 520, e.g., an inband low duty cycle, may be based, for
example, on detection of a post-filtering signal power after the
channel filter, e.g., as described above. The duty cycle 520 may
result, for example, in a power-on ratio of about .about.20%, e.g.,
when the high bandwidth power measurement passes the pre-filtering
power threshold, and a low bandwidth power measurement does not
pass a post-filtering power threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a third
duty-cycle 530, e.g., an in band high duty cycle, may be based, for
example, on detection of a frame preamble, e.g., as described
above. For example, duty cycle 530 may result in a power-on ratio
of about .about.50%, e.g., when the high bandwidth power
measurement passes the pre-filtering power threshold, and the low
bandwidth power measurement passes the post-filtering power
threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the duty cycle 530 may result in
a duty cycle of about .about.50%, for example, based on usage of
preamble detector algorithms, e.g., for WiFi or CCK signals, which
require a longer period compared, for example, to power detection
methods for power on detection.
In one example, a performance degradation of a receiver, e.g.,
receiver 116 (FIG. 1), may be based, for example, at least on a
duty cycle and/or a power threshold implemented by the receiver,
e.g., as follows:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Mode Degradation in Decibels (dB) Slotted
Aggressive - 80% power 1.5 off Slotted - 50% power off 0.5
In one example, the slotted aggressive mode may correspond to the
duty-cycle 520 (FIG. 5), e.g., when power measurement is performed
on a filtered signal and the receiver proceeds to a detection
state, e.g., state 318 (FIG. 3), for example, only when passing the
threshold.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the slotted mode may correspond
to duty-cycle 530 (FIG. 5), e.g., when power thresholds are ignored
or not implemented, and the detection is based on the preamble
detection criterion. In one example, the WiFi det state 318 (FIG.
3) or CCK detection state 319 (FIG. 3) may be switched to the OFF
state 310 (FIG. 3) at a 50% duty cycle.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Table 1, when a
receiver operates according to the slotted mode, e.g., according to
duty-cycle 530, the performance degradation may be negligence,
e.g., 0.5 dB.
Reference is made to FIG. 6, which schematically illustrates a
structure of an OFDM packet 600, which may be implemented in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a receiver, e.g., the receiver
116 (FIG. 1) of device 102 (FIG. 1), may be configured to switch
one or more RF components, for example, the one or more RF
components 170 (FIG. 1), between the on-state and the off-state
based, for example, on at least one detection criterion for an OFDM
preamble detection, for example, of OFDM packet 600, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, OFDM packet
600 may include a preamble 610 including a Short Training Field
(STF) 602 and an LTF 604, e.g., after STF 602.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, OFDM packet
600 may include one or more fields, e.g., including a Signal (Sig)
field 606, a Service field 608, a data field 611, and/or a Tail and
Padding 612, e.g., following the preamble 610.
Reference is made to FIG. 7, which schematically illustrates a
graph 700 depicting a power of an OFDM signal 702 over time, in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the power of OFDM signal 702 may
correspond to the structure of OFDM packet 600 (FIG. 6).
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7, OFDM signal
720 may include a signal portion 710 corresponding to preamble 610
(FIG. 1), and a signal portion 730 corresponding to one or more
post-preamble fields. For example, signal portion 710 may include
an STF portion 702, e.g., corresponding to STF 602 (FIG. 6), and an
LTF portion 704, e.g., corresponding to LTF 604 (FIG. 6); and
signal portion 730 may include a signal portion 706 corresponding
to Sig field 606 (FIG. 6). For example, as shown in FIG. 7, signal
portion 710 may have a duration of about 16 microseconds
(usec).
In some demonstrative embodiments, a receiver, e.g., receiver 116
(FIG. 1), may be configured to search for a periodicity pattern of
STF portion 702, e.g., using autocorrelation techniques, for
example, as part of a scan operation of the receiver.
In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more operations, for
example, to adjust an RF gain and/or to perform DC estimation and
cancellation, may be performed, for example, before and/or after
detection of STF portion 702.
In some demonstrative embodiments, symbol timing may be determined,
for example, for accurate demodulation performance, e.g., after
detection of STF portion 702.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a receiver, e.g., receiver 116
(FIG. 1), may be configured to perform the DC estimation, e.g., as
descried below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the receiver may perform the DC
estimation, for example, in parallel to buffering STF signal 702
for example, for the OFDM preamble detection, e.g., of preamble
signal 710.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the receiver may be configured
to perform the OFDM preamble detection, for example, based on STF
signal 702 and may allow a symbol timing detection, for example,
based on at least part of LTF signal 704 (FIG. 7), e.g., as
described below.
In one example, DC estimation operations may consume several
hundreds of nanoseconds from the STF 702, e.g., in some typical
receiver configurations.
In some demonstrative embodiments, symbol-timing algorithms to
detect an end of the STF 602 (FIG. 6), e.g., based on signal
portion 702, may consume, for example, over 1.5 microseconds (us)
of the STF. Therefore, it may be advantageous to perform the DC
estimation in parallel to a buffering of the STF, e.g., by an OFDM
Autocorrelation detector.
In one example, a cross correlation algorithm may be implemented,
for example, instead of or in addition to, a symbol-timing
algorithm. For example, the cross correlation algorithm may be
based on cross correlation with expected LTF symbols. For example,
the cross correlation algorithm may be accompanied by symbol timing
refinement, for example, based on Cyclic Prefix (CP) position
detection of one or more first OFDM symbols.
In some demonstrative embodiments, RF and digital receiver blocks,
e.g., of receiver 116, may be turned off for a longer duration of
time, for example, as the duration of the STF signal required for
acquisition may be reduced, e.g., by the above improvements to
support using the LTF portion.
Reference is made to FIG. 8, which schematically illustrates a
detection scheme 800 for detection of a frame preamble, in
accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the frame
preamble may include an STF 802 and an LTF 804.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, a receiver,
e.g., receiver 116 (FIG. 1), may switch one or more RF components
of the receiver, e.g., RF components 170 (FIG. 1), between an
on-state 810 and an off-state 820.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, during
on-state 810 the receiver may attempt to detect the frame preamble,
e.g., based on the L-STF 802.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the receiver
may switch from the on-state 810 to the off-state 820, for example,
if the attempt to detect the frame preamble is not successful.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, after the
off-state 820, the receiver may switch again to an on-state 830, at
which the receiver may detect the frame preamble, for example,
based on STF 802.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the receiver
may finish an acquisition 840 of the STF 802.
In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the receiver
may perform a symbol timing detection 850, for example, based on at
least part of LTF 804.
Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments,
receiver 116 may implement a duration of an off-state period and/or
a duration of an on-state period for switching the one or more RF
components 170 from between off-state and the on-state, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, a duration of the off-state
period, denoted T_RF_Off may be based on one or more on-state
durations of operations during the on-state period, e.g., as
described below.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the on-state durations may
include a duration, denoted T_Det_X, which includes one or more
operations corresponding to a detection, denoted X, wherein X
denotes a preamble detector, e.g., a WiFi OFDM preamble detector, a
CCK preamble detector or any other preamble detector, or a power
detector, e.g., a pre-filter or a post-filter power detector. For
example, the duration T_Det_X may include, one or more, e.g., some
or all, of the following durations: RF Wake up and output
stabilization time; Digital filtering and processing latency from
ADC output to detector input; Time for operations required to adapt
incoming signal to detector requirements, e.g., coarse RF or
digital gain control, dc cancellation and the like; Time from
detector activation to a first valid result from detector.
In one example, the duration T_Det_X may include a sum of the RF
Wake up and output stabilization time, the Digital filtering and
processing latency from ADC output to detector input, the time for
operations required to adapt incoming signal to detector
requirements, and the time from detector activation to a first
valid result from detector.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the on-state durations may
include a post-detection of one or more post-detection operations
in the frame preamble.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the post-detection duration may
include a duration, denoted T_PostDet_X, which includes time for
one or more operations on the first field of a preamble, e.g.,
L-STF for WiFi OFDM, of an incoming packet after the preamble was
detected. The operation may be implemented, for example, for
successful demodulation of the incoming packet. The operations may
include one or more, e.g., some or all, of the following: Final
analog or digital gain control; Power estimation; DC estimation and
cancellation; Frequency estimation; Symbol timing estimation, and
more, wherein X denotes a type of a preamble detector or a detected
packet type, e.g., if detection of more than one packet is
possible.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the on-state durations may
include a duration, denoted T_Preamble_1_X, which includes a time
of a first field of the preamble, which may be used to detect a
preamble of type X, e.g., L-STF for WiFi OFDM, or SYNC field for
WiFi DSSS/CCK.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the on-state durations may
include a duration, denoted T_Powerdown, which includes Time from
decision to turn off the one or more RF component to reaching the
off-state. In one example, this time may be negligible.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the duration of the off-state
period T_RF_Off, may be determined, e.g., as follows:
T_RF_Off=T_preamble_1-T_PostDet-T_Det_Preamble (1)
In some demonstrative embodiments, determining the duration of the
off-state period, e.g., according to Equation 1, may be based, for
example, on an assumption that if a preamble started arriving while
the detector was already open, the preamble may be detected.
However, this assumption may not always be true.
In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may determine the
duration of the off-state period, for example, based at least on
the predefined minimal duration of a portion of the frame preamble
for the preamble detection by the preamble detector, e.g., as
described below.
In one example, the predefined minimal duration, denoted
T_Min_Det_X, may include a minimal duration of a preamble signal
reaching the preamble detector that would guarantee detection
within a predetermined probability. The notation X in T_Min_Det_X
may refer to a detector, e.g., preamble detector or a power
detector, for example, since even when using a power detector its
goal may be to distinguish between a power of a preamble and a
power of a thermal noise or an ambient interference.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the predefined minimal duration
may depend on an SNR.
In one example, operation of a preamble detector may take, for
example, 1 usec, and the preamble may start only in the second half
of the duration. According to this example, the preamble detector
may still be able to detect the preamble, for example, if a signal
quality is high, or to miss detection of the preamble, for example,
if the signal quality is low.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the predefined minimal duration
may be defined, for example, as a contribution to a misdetection
probability, e.g., in low SNR, which may affect a sensitivity of
detection. Therefore, the predefined minimal duration may determine
a sensitivity degradation of the receiver, e.g., due to
misdetection at the beginning of the preamble.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the duration of the off-state
period T_RF_Off, may be determined, e.g., as follows:
T_RF_Off_X=T_preamble_1-T_PostDet-T_Det_Preamble-T_Min_Det_X (2)
wherein X denotes a detector, which its determination is used for
the decision to turn-off the one or more components of the RF.
In some demonstrative embodiments, it may be assumed, that if the
detector determined there is no preamble, then up to the predefined
minimal duration T_Min_Det_X of the preamble may have already
arrived but was not detected by the detector.
In some demonstrative embodiments, an RF duty cycle of the receiver
may be determined, e.g., as follows:
(T_Det_X+T_Powerdown)/(T_Det_X+T_RF_Off_X+T_Powerdown) (3)
In one example, one or more values may be applied to the predefined
minimal duration T_Det_X and/or to the duration T_PostDet_X, for
example, based on implementation, configuration, whether or not
analog gain changes are required, and/or any other criterion.
In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 164 may control
receiver 116 to turn off the one or more RF components 170 based on
a negative result from a detector, for example, a power detector or
a preamble detector, e.g., as described above.
In some demonstrative embodiments, the duration of the off-period
may be retrieved from a register, e.g., specific to the type of the
detector being used for the decision whether or not to switch off
the RF components 170. In one example, this duration can be written
to the register, e.g., by firmware, for example, during
integration.
In one example, one or more parameters for determining the duration
of the off-period may be defined, e.g., as follows:
T_Det_PreambleOfdm=2.9 us [There's another scenario to consider
that has smaller T_Det_PreambleOfdm, but we may assume worst case]
T_PostDet_PreambleOfdm=2.3 us T_Preamble_1_Ofdm=8 us T_Powerdown=0
[powerdown and powerup times could be different for specific RF
components, so it is clearer to use T_Powerdown=0 and has T_Det_X
include the max of all power up times] T_Det_PwrPreFilter=0.7
T_Min_Det_PwrPreFilter=0.1 T_RF_Off PreFilter=8-2.3-2.9-0.1=2.7 us
RF On PreFilter %=0.7/(2.7+0.7)=20% T_Det_PwrPostFilter=0.85
T_Min_Det_PwrPostFilter=0.25 T_RF_Off
PostFilter=8-2.3-2.9-0.25=2.55 us RF On PostFilter
%=0.85/(2.55+0.85)=25%
In one example, e.g., for an OFDM preamble, values for the duration
T_PostDet and the predefined minimal duration T_Min_Det, may be
determined, for example, according to two cases, e.g., as follows:
according to a first case, if a signal power is weak, and a
preamble cannot be detected by power detection, for example, no
need to spend time in post detection for gain control and resulting
transient: T_PostDet_PreambleOfdm_NoTransient=1.1 us
T_Min_Det_PreambleOfdm=1.7 T_RF_Off=8-1.1-2.9-1.7=2.3 us according
to a second case, if a signal power is stronger, a power detector
may determine a preamble is starting, and may avoid turning off the
RF components. A T_Min_Det_PwrPostFilter may be used, e.g., instead
of T_Min_Det_PreambleOfdm, and a T_PostDet_PreambleOfdm:
T_RF_Off=8-2.3-2.9-0.25=2.55 us
In some demonstrative embodiments, a minimal value for the
off-state period T_RF_Off of the two cases may be selected, e.g.,
to support weak or strong signals, which may yield a duty cycle of
about 55%, e.g., as follows: RF On PreambleDet %=2.9/(2.9+2.3)=55%
(4)
Reference is made to FIG. 9, which schematically illustrates a
method of a wireless communication receiver, in accordance with
some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the
operations of the method of FIG. 9 may be performed by one or more
elements of a system, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, one
or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1) and/or device
140 (FIG. 1), a controller, e.g., RF controller 164 (FIG. 1),
and/or controller 124 (FIG. 1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (FIG. 1),
a receiver, e.g., receiver 116 (FIG. 1) and/or receiver 200 (FIG.
2), and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (FIG.
1).
As indicated at block 902, the method may include switching one or
more RF components of a wireless communication receiver between an
on-state and an off-state based on at least one detection criterion
for preamble detection of a frame preamble by a preamble detector
of the receiver. For example, controller 164 (FIG. 1) may be
configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116
(FIG. 1) to switch the one or more RF components 170 (FIG. 1)
between the on-state and the off-state based on the detection
criterion for preamble detection of the frame preamble by the
preamble detector 162 (FIG. 1), e.g., as described above.
As indicated at block 904, switching the one or more RF components
of the receiver may include switching the one or more RF components
from the on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
at least one detection criterion is not met. For example, RF
controller 164 (FIG. 1) may be configured to trigger, cause,
instruct and/or control receiver 116 (FIG. 1) to switch the one or
more RF components 170 (FIG. 1) from the on-state to the off-state
based on the determination that the at least one detection
criterion is not met, e.g., as described above.
As indicated at block 906, switching the one or more RF components
of the receiver may include switching the one or more RF components
from the off-state to the on-state after an off-state period. For
example, RF controller 164 (FIG. 1) may be configured to trigger,
cause, instruct and/or control receiver 116 (FIG. 1) to switch the
one or more RF components 170 (FIG. 1) from the off-state to the
on-state after the off-state period, e.g., as described above.
As indicated at block 908, switching the one or more RF components
from the off-state to the on-state may include switching the one or
more RF components from the off-state to the on-state after an
off-state period having a duration, which is based at least on a
preamble duration of the frame preamble and a detection duration of
the preamble detection by the preamble detector, e.g., as described
above.
As indicated at block 910, the method may include repeating
switching the one or more RF components between the on-state and
the off-state, for example, until the frame preamble is detected by
the preamble detector. For example, RF controller 164 (FIG. 1) may
be configured to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control receiver
116 (FIG. 1) to repeat switching the one or more RF components 170
(FIG. 1) between the on-state and the off-state, for example, until
the frame preamble is detected by the preamble detector 162 (FIG.
1), e.g., as described above.
Reference is made to FIG. 10, which schematically illustrates a
product of manufacture 1000, in accordance with some demonstrative
embodiments. Product 1000 may include one or more tangible
computer-readable ("machine-readable") non-transitory storage media
1002, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g.,
implemented by logic 1004, operable to, when executed by at least
one computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor
to implement one or more operations at device 102 (FIG. 1), radio
114 (FIG. 1), receiver 116 (FIG. 1), controller 124 (FIG. 1), RF
controller 164 (FIG. 1), and/or message processor 128 (FIG. 1), to
cause device 102 (FIG. 1), radio 114 (FIG. 1), receiver 116 (FIG.
1), controller 124 (FIG. 1), RF controller 164 (FIG. 1) to perform,
trigger and/or implement one or more operations and/or
functionalities, and/or to perform, trigger and/or implement one or
more operations and/or functionalities described with reference to
the FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and/or 9, and/or one or more
operations described herein. The phrases "non-transitory
machine-readable medium" and "computer-readable non-transitory
storage media" may be directed to include all computer-readable
media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating
signal.
In some demonstrative embodiments, product 1000 and/or
machine-readable storage media 1002 may include one or more types
of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data,
including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or
non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or
re-writeable memory, and the like. For example, machine-readable
storage media 1002 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM
(DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM),
erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable
programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk
Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory
(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),
polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,
silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a
floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a
card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the
like. The computer-readable storage media may include any suitable
media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program
from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data
signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium
through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network
connection.
In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 1004 may include
instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine,
may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or
operations as described herein. The machine may include, for
example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform,
computing device, processing device, computing system, processing
system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented
using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and
the like.
In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 1004 may include, or may
be implemented as, software, a software module, an application, a
program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing
code, words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may
include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled
code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code,
and the like. The instructions may be implemented according to a
predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a
processor to perform a certain function. The instructions may be
implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level,
object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming
language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual
BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.
EXAMPLES
The following examples pertain to further embodiments.
Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry
configured to cause a wireless communication receiver to switch one
or more Radio Frequency (RF) components of the receiver between an
on-state and an off-state based on at least one detection criterion
for preamble detection of a frame preamble by a preamble detector
of the receiver, switching the one or more RF components between
the on-state and the off-state comprising switching the one or more
RF components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the at least one detection criterion is not met,
and switching the one or more RF components from the off-state to
the on-state after an off-state period, wherein a duration of the
off-state period is based at least on a preamble duration of the
frame preamble and a detection duration of the preamble detection
by the preamble detector; and repeat switching the one or more RF
components between the on-state and the off-state until the frame
preamble is detected by the preamble detector.
Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally,
wherein the at least one detection criterion comprises a power
detection criterion corresponding to a detected signal power when
the one or more RF components are at the on-state, wherein
switching the one or more RF components from the on-state to the
off-state comprises switching the one or more RF components from
the on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
detected signal power is not greater than a power threshold.
Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally,
wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the receiver to detect
a pre-filtering signal power prior to a channel filter of the
receiver when the one or more RF components are at the on-state,
and to switch the one or more RF components from the on-state to
the off-state based on determination that the pre-filtering signal
power is not greater than a pre-filtering power threshold.
Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 2 or 3, and
optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the
receiver to detect a post-filtering signal power after a channel
filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components are at
the on-state, and to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
post-filtering signal power is not greater than a post-filtering
power threshold.
Example 5 includes the subject matter of Example 3 or 4, and
optionally, wherein the channel filter comprises a primary channel
filter to filter a wireless communication primary channel for
reception of wireless communication signals at the receiver.
Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5,
and optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion
comprises a preamble detection criterion corresponding to a result
of the preamble detection by the preamble detector.
Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6,
and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the
receiver to detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to a channel
filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components are at
the on-state; when the pre-filtering signal power is not greater
than a pre-filtering power threshold, switch the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state; when the
pre-filtering signal power is greater than the pre-filtering power
threshold, detect a post-filtering signal power after the channel
filter when the one or more RF components are at the on-state; when
the post-filtering signal power is not greater than a
post-filtering power threshold, switch the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state; and when the
post-filtering signal power is greater than the post-filtering
power threshold, maintain the one or more RF components at the
on-state at least until a result of the preamble detection by the
preamble detector.
Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7,
and optionally, wherein the one or more RF components comprise at
least a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), an Analog to Digital Converter
(ADC), and one or more analog Baseband (BB) components.
Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8,
and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period is
based at least on a post-detection duration of one or more
post-detection operations on the frame preamble.
Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9,
and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period is
based at least on a predefined minimal duration of a portion of the
frame preamble for the preamble detection by the preamble
detector.
Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10,
and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises an
Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) preamble
detection.
Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11, and
optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the
receiver to perform Direct Current (DC) estimation in parallel to
buffering a Short Training Field (STF) for the OFDM preamble
detection.
Example 13 includes the subject matter of Example 11 or 12, and
optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the
receiver to perform the OFDM preamble detection based on a Short
Training Field (STF), and to allow a symbol timing detection based
on at least part of a Long Training Field (LTF) subsequent to the
STF.
Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10,
and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises a
Complementary Code Keying (CCK) preamble detection.
Example 15 includes the subject matter of Example 14, and
optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the
receiver to switch the one or more RF components to the off-state
based on a determination that a partial CCK preamble processing
does not indicate the CCK preamble detection.
Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15,
and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the
receiver to maintain at least an RF local oscillator of the
receiver operative when the one or more RF components are at the
off-state.
Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16,
and optionally, comprising a digital RF controller to switch the
one or more RF components between the on-state and the off-state
during a Receive (Rx) listening state.
Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-17,
and optionally, comprising a memory, a processor, and one or more
antennas.
Example 19 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a
wireless communication device, the wireless communication device
comprising one or more antennas; a memory; a processor; and a radio
comprising a wireless communication receiver, the receiver
comprising one or more Radio Frequency (RF) components; a preamble
detector; and a controller configured to cause the wireless
communication receiver to switch the one or more RF components of
the receiver between an on-state and an off-state based on at least
one detection criterion for preamble detection of a frame preamble
by the preamble detector of the receiver, switching the one or more
RF components between the on-state and the off-state comprising
switching the one or more RF components from the on-state to the
off-state based on determination that the at least one detection
criterion is not met, and switching the one or more RF components
from the off-state to the on-state after an off-state period,
wherein a duration of the off-state period is based at least on a
preamble duration of the frame preamble and a detection duration of
the preamble detection by the preamble detector; and repeat
switching the one or more RF components between the on-state and
the off-state until the frame preamble is detected by the preamble
detector.
Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and
optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion comprises
a power detection criterion corresponding to a detected signal
power when the one or more RF components are at the on-state,
wherein switching the one or more RF components from the on-state
to the off-state comprises switching the one or more RF components
from the on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
detected signal power is not greater than a power threshold.
Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 20, and
optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the
receiver to detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to a channel
filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components are at
the on-state, and to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
pre-filtering signal power is not greater than a pre-filtering
power threshold.
Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 20 or 21, and
optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the
receiver to detect a post-filtering signal power after a channel
filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components are at
the on-state, and to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
post-filtering signal power is not greater than a post-filtering
power threshold.
Example 23 includes the subject matter of Example 21 or 22, and
optionally, wherein the channel filter comprises a primary channel
filter to filter a wireless communication primary channel for
reception of wireless communication signals at the receiver.
Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-23, and optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion
comprises a preamble detection criterion corresponding to a result
of the preamble detection by the preamble detector.
Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-24, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to
cause the receiver to detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to
a channel filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components
are at the on-state; when the pre-filtering signal power is not
greater than a pre-filtering power threshold, switch the one or
more RF components from the on-state to the off-state; when the
pre-filtering signal power is greater than the pre-filtering power
threshold, detect a post-filtering signal power after the channel
filter when the one or more RF components are at the on-state; when
the post-filtering signal power is not greater than a
post-filtering power threshold, switch the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state; and when the
post-filtering signal power is greater than the post-filtering
power threshold, maintain the one or more RF components at the
on-state at least until a result of the preamble detection by the
preamble detector.
Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-25, and optionally, wherein the one or more RF components
comprise at least a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), an Analog to Digital
Converter (ADC), and one or more analog Baseband (BB)
components.
Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-26, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a post-detection duration of one or more
post-detection operations on the frame preamble.
Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-27, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a predefined minimal duration of a portion of
the frame preamble for the preamble detection by the preamble
detector.
Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-28, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises an
Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) preamble
detection.
Example 30 includes the subject matter of Example 29, and
optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the
receiver to perform Direct Current (DC) estimation in parallel to
buffering a Short Training Field (STF) for the OFDM preamble
detection.
Example 31 includes the subject matter of Example 29 or 30, and
optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the
receiver to perform the OFDM preamble detection based on a Short
Training Field (STF), and to allow a symbol timing detection based
on at least part of a Long Training Field (LTF) subsequent to the
STF.
Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-28, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises a
Complementary Code Keying (CCK) preamble detection.
Example 33 includes the subject matter of Example 32, and
optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the
receiver to switch the one or more RF components to the off-state
based on a determination that a partial CCK preamble processing
does not indicate the CCK preamble detection.
Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-33, and optionally, wherein the receiver comprises at least an
RF local oscillator of the receiver, the controller configured to
maintain the RF local oscillator operative when the one or more RF
components are at the off-state.
Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
19-34, and optionally, wherein the receiver comprises a digital RF
controller to switch the one or more RF components between the
on-state and the off-state during a Receive (Rx) listening
state.
Example 36 includes a method to be performed at a wireless
communication receiver, the method comprising switching one or more
Radio Frequency (RF) components of the receiver between an on-state
and an off-state based on at least one detection criterion for
preamble detection of a frame preamble by a preamble detector of
the receiver, switching the one or more RF components between the
on-state and the off-state comprising switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the at least one detection criterion is not met,
and switching the one or more RF components from the off-state to
the on-state after an off-state period, wherein a duration of the
off-state period is based at least on a preamble duration of the
frame preamble and a detection duration of the preamble detection
by the preamble detector; and repeating switching the one or more
RF components between the on-state and the off-state until the
frame preamble is detected by the preamble detector.
Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 36, and
optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion comprises
a power detection criterion corresponding to a detected signal
power when the one or more RF components are at the on-state,
wherein switching the one or more RF components from the on-state
to the off-state comprises switching the one or more RF components
from the on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
detected signal power is not greater than a power threshold.
Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37, and
optionally, comprising detecting a pre-filtering signal power prior
to a channel filter of the receiver when the one or more RF
components are at the on-state, and switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the pre-filtering signal power is not greater
than a pre-filtering power threshold.
Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 37 or 38, and
optionally, comprising detecting a post-filtering signal power
after a channel filter of the receiver when the one or more RF
components are at the on-state, and switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the post-filtering signal power is not greater
than a post-filtering power threshold.
Example 40 includes the subject matter of Example 38 or 39, and
optionally, wherein the channel filter comprises a primary channel
filter to filter a wireless communication primary channel for
reception of wireless communication signals at the receiver.
Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-40, and optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion
comprises a preamble detection criterion corresponding to a result
of the preamble detection by the preamble detector.
Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-41, and optionally, comprising detecting a pre-filtering signal
power prior to a channel filter of the receiver when the one or
more RF components are at the on-state; when the pre-filtering
signal power is not greater than a pre-filtering power threshold,
switching the one or more RF components from the on-state to the
off-state; when the pre-filtering signal power is greater than the
pre-filtering power threshold, detecting a post-filtering signal
power after the channel filter when the one or more RF components
are at the on-state; when the post-filtering signal power is not
greater than a post-filtering power threshold, switching the one or
more RF components from the on-state to the off-state; and when the
post-filtering signal power is greater than the post-filtering
power threshold, maintaining the one or more RF components at the
on-state at least until a result of the preamble detection by the
preamble detector.
Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-42, and optionally, wherein the one or more RF components
comprise at least a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), an Analog to Digital
Converter (ADC), and one or more analog Baseband (BB)
components.
Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-43, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a post-detection duration of one or more
post-detection operations on the frame preamble.
Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-44, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a predefined minimal duration of a portion of
the frame preamble for the preamble detection by the preamble
detector.
Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-45, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises an
Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) preamble
detection.
Example 47 includes the subject matter of Example 46, and
optionally, comprising performing Direct Current (DC) estimation in
parallel to buffering a Short Training Field (STF) for the OFDM
preamble detection.
Example 48 includes the subject matter of Example 46 or 47, and
optionally, comprising performing the OFDM preamble detection based
on a Short Training Field (STF), and allowing a symbol timing
detection based on at least part of a Long Training Field (LTF)
subsequent to the STF.
Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-45, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises a
Complementary Code Keying (CCK) preamble detection.
Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49, and
optionally, comprising switching the one or more RF components to
the off-state based on a determination that a partial CCK preamble
processing does not indicate the CCK preamble detection.
Example 51 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-50, and optionally, comprising maintaining at least an RF local
oscillator of the receiver operative when the one or more RF
components are at the off-state.
Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
36-51, and optionally, comprising switching the one or more RF
components between the on-state and the off-state during a Receive
(Rx) listening state.
Example 53 includes a product comprising one or more tangible
computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising
computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at
least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a
wireless communication receiver to switch one or more Radio
Frequency (RF) components of the receiver between an on-state and
an off-state based on at least one detection criterion for preamble
detection of a frame preamble by a preamble detector of the
receiver, switching the one or more RF components between the
on-state and the off-state comprising switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the at least one detection criterion is not met,
and switching the one or more RF components from the off-state to
the on-state after an off-state period, wherein a duration of the
off-state period is based at least on a preamble duration of the
frame preamble and a detection duration of the preamble detection
by the preamble detector; and repeat switching the one or more RF
components between the on-state and the off-state until the frame
preamble is detected by the preamble detector.
Example 54 includes the subject matter of Example 53, and
optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion comprises
a power detection criterion corresponding to a detected signal
power when the one or more RF components are at the on-state,
wherein switching the one or more RF components from the on-state
to the off-state comprises switching the one or more RF components
from the on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
detected signal power is not greater than a power threshold.
Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 54, and
optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the
receiver to detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to a channel
filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components are at
the on-state, and to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
pre-filtering signal power is not greater than a pre-filtering
power threshold.
Example 56 includes the subject matter of Example 54 or 55, and
optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the
receiver to detect a post-filtering signal power after a channel
filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components are at
the on-state, and to switch the one or more RF components from the
on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
post-filtering signal power is not greater than a post-filtering
power threshold.
Example 57 includes the subject matter of Example 55 or 56, and
optionally, wherein the channel filter comprises a primary channel
filter to filter a wireless communication primary channel for
reception of wireless communication signals at the receiver.
Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-57, and optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion
comprises a preamble detection criterion corresponding to a result
of the preamble detection by the preamble detector.
Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-58, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed,
cause the receiver to detect a pre-filtering signal power prior to
a channel filter of the receiver when the one or more RF components
are at the on-state; when the pre-filtering signal power is not
greater than a pre-filtering power threshold, switch the one or
more RF components from the on-state to the off-state; when the
pre-filtering signal power is greater than the pre-filtering power
threshold, detect a post-filtering signal power after the channel
filter when the one or more RF components are at the on-state; when
the post-filtering signal power is not greater than a
post-filtering power threshold, switch the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state; and when the
post-filtering signal power is greater than the post-filtering
power threshold, maintain the one or more RF components at the
on-state at least until a result of the preamble detection by the
preamble detector.
Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-59, and optionally, wherein the one or more RF components
comprise at least a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), an Analog to Digital
Converter (ADC), and one or more analog Baseband (BB)
components.
Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-60, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a post-detection duration of one or more
post-detection operations on the frame preamble.
Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-61, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a predefined minimal duration of a portion of
the frame preamble for the preamble detection by the preamble
detector.
Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-62, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises an
Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) preamble
detection.
Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63, and
optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the
receiver to perform Direct Current (DC) estimation in parallel to
buffering a Short Training Field (STF) for the OFDM preamble
detection.
Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 63 or 64, and
optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the
receiver to perform the OFDM preamble detection based on a Short
Training Field (STF), and to allow a symbol timing detection based
on at least part of a Long Training Field (LTF) subsequent to the
STF.
Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-62, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises a
Complementary Code Keying (CCK) preamble detection.
Example 67 includes the subject matter of Example 66, and
optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the
receiver to switch the one or more RF components to the off-state
based on a determination that a partial CCK preamble processing
does not indicate the CCK preamble detection.
Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-67, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed,
maintain at least an RF local oscillator of the receiver operative
when the one or more RF components are at the off-state.
Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
53-68, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed,
cause the receiver to switch the one or more RF components between
the on-state and the off-state during a Receive (Rx) listening
state.
Example 70 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a
wireless communication receiver, the apparatus comprising means for
switching one or more Radio Frequency (RF) components of the
receiver between an on-state and an off-state based on at least one
detection criterion for preamble detection of a frame preamble by a
preamble detector of the receiver, switching the one or more RF
components between the on-state and the off-state comprising
switching the one or more RF components from the on-state to the
off-state based on determination that the at least one detection
criterion is not met, and switching the one or more RF components
from the off-state to the on-state after an off-state period,
wherein a duration of the off-state period is based at least on a
preamble duration of the frame preamble and a detection duration of
the preamble detection by the preamble detector; and means for
repeating switching the one or more RF components between the
on-state and the off-state until the frame preamble is detected by
the preamble detector.
Example 71 includes the subject matter of Example 70, and
optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion comprises
a power detection criterion corresponding to a detected signal
power when the one or more RF components are at the on-state,
wherein switching the one or more RF components from the on-state
to the off-state comprises switching the one or more RF components
from the on-state to the off-state based on determination that the
detected signal power is not greater than a power threshold.
Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 71, and
optionally, comprising means for detecting a pre-filtering signal
power prior to a channel filter of the receiver when the one or
more RF components are at the on-state, and switching the one or
more RF components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the pre-filtering signal power is not greater
than a pre-filtering power threshold.
Example 73 includes the subject matter of Example 71 or 72, and
optionally, comprising means for detecting a post-filtering signal
power after a channel filter of the receiver when the one or more
RF components are at the on-state, and switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state based on
determination that the post-filtering signal power is not greater
than a post-filtering power threshold.
Example 74 includes the subject matter of Example 72 or 73, and
optionally, wherein the channel filter comprises a primary channel
filter to filter a wireless communication primary channel for
reception of wireless communication signals at the receiver.
Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-74, and optionally, wherein the at least one detection criterion
comprises a preamble detection criterion corresponding to a result
of the preamble detection by the preamble detector.
Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-75, and optionally, comprising means for detecting a
pre-filtering signal power prior to a channel filter of the
receiver when the one or more RF components are at the on-state;
means for, when the pre-filtering signal power is not greater than
a pre-filtering power threshold, switching the one or more RF
components from the on-state to the off-state; means for, when the
pre-filtering signal power is greater than the pre-filtering power
threshold, detecting a post-filtering signal power after the
channel filter when the one or more RF components are at the
on-state; means for, when the post-filtering signal power is not
greater than a post-filtering power threshold, switching the one or
more RF components from the on-state to the off-state; and means
for, when the post-filtering signal power is greater than the
post-filtering power threshold, maintaining the one or more RF
components at the on-state at least until a result of the preamble
detection by the preamble detector.
Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-76, and optionally, wherein the one or more RF components
comprise at least a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), an Analog to Digital
Converter (ADC), and one or more analog Baseband (BB)
components.
Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-77, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a post-detection duration of one or more
post-detection operations on the frame preamble.
Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-78, and optionally, wherein the duration of the off-state period
is based at least on a predefined minimal duration of a portion of
the frame preamble for the preamble detection by the preamble
detector.
Example 80 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-79, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises an
Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) preamble
detection.
Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 80, and
optionally, comprising means for performing Direct Current (DC)
estimation in parallel to buffering a Short Training Field (STF)
for the OFDM preamble detection.
Example 82 includes the subject matter of Example 80 or 81, and
optionally, comprising means for performing the OFDM preamble
detection based on a Short Training Field (STF), and allowing a
symbol timing detection based on at least part of a Long Training
Field (LTF) subsequent to the STF.
Example 83 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-79, and optionally, wherein the preamble detection comprises a
Complementary Code Keying (CCK) preamble detection.
Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83, and
optionally, comprising means for switching the one or more RF
components to the off-state based on a determination that a partial
CCK preamble processing does not indicate the CCK preamble
detection.
Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-84, and optionally, comprising means for maintaining at least an
RF local oscillator of the receiver operative when the one or more
RF components are at the off-state.
Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples
70-85, and optionally, comprising means for switching the one or
more RF components between the on-state and the off-state during a
Receive (Rx) listening state.
Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein
with reference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or
may be utilized in combination with, one or more other functions,
operations, components and/or features described herein with
reference to one or more other embodiments, or vice versa.
While certain features have been illustrated and described herein,
many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may
occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be
understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such
modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the
disclosure.
* * * * *