U.S. patent number 10,470,242 [Application Number 15/637,457] was granted by the patent office on 2019-11-05 for phase compensation reference signal in nr-ss comp.
This patent grant is currently assigned to QUALCOMM Incorporated. The grantee listed for this patent is QUALCOMM Incorporated. Invention is credited to Zhifei Fan, Juan Montojo, Taesang Yoo, Xiaoxia Zhang.
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United States Patent |
10,470,242 |
Zhang , et al. |
November 5, 2019 |
Phase compensation reference signal in NR-SS CoMP
Abstract
Phase compensation in a new radio (NR) shared spectrum (NR-SS)
coordinated multipoint (CoMP) environment is discussed. A base
station may synchronize the phase between one or more additional
base stations in a coordinated multipoint (CoMP) group serving one
or more user equipments (UEs). This first synchronizing is
performed prior to a current transmission opportunity between the
CoMP group and the UEs. During transmission, a UE will sent a phase
compensation reference signal (PCRS) to help with adjusting a phase
drift that exceeds a predetermined threshold. The PCRS may be
triggered by a signal from the base station or may be sent
routinely by the UE. The UEs will transmit PCRS after each
subframe, which the base stations use to adjust the phase.
Inventors: |
Zhang; Xiaoxia (San Diego,
CA), Montojo; Juan (San Diego, CA), Yoo; Taesang
(Riverside, CA), Fan; Zhifei (San Diego, CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
QUALCOMM Incorporated |
San Diego |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
QUALCOMM Incorporated (San
Diego, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
60543691 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/637,457 |
Filed: |
June 29, 2017 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20180146506 A1 |
May 24, 2018 |
|
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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62424202 |
Nov 18, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L
5/0048 (20130101); H04B 7/024 (20130101); H04W
76/10 (20180201); H04L 5/0035 (20130101); H04W
8/005 (20130101); H04W 56/001 (20130101); H04M
11/066 (20130101); H04W 84/18 (20130101); H04W
4/18 (20130101); H04L 5/0053 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04W
84/18 (20090101); H04L 5/00 (20060101); H04M
11/06 (20060101); H04W 76/10 (20180101); H04W
4/18 (20090101); H04W 8/00 (20090101); H04B
7/024 (20170101); H04W 56/00 (20090101) |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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2830370 |
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Jan 2015 |
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EP |
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2890176 |
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Jul 2015 |
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EP |
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3085184 |
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Oct 2016 |
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EP |
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WO-2010016865 |
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Feb 2010 |
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WO |
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WO-2013041757 |
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Mar 2013 |
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WO |
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WO-2014119888 |
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Aug 2014 |
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WO |
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WO-2015094033 |
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Jun 2015 |
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WO |
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Other References
<Span style="font-family: calibri;">Ericsson: "On DL and UL
CPE compensation in MIMO", R1-1612334, 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #87, Reno,
USA, Nov. 14-18, 2016, pp. 1-4. cited by applicant .
International Search Report and Written
Opinion--PCT/US2017/060899--ISA/EPO--dated Feb. 19, 2018. cited by
applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Nowlin; Eric
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Do; Liem T.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 62/424,202, entitled, "PHASE COMPENSATION REFERENCE
SIGNAL IN NR-SS COMP," filed on Nov. 18, 2016, which is expressly
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of wireless communication, comprising: synchronizing,
at a base station, a phase between one or more additional base
stations in a coordinated multipoint (CoMP) group serving one or
more user equipments (UEs) to include the base station into the
CoMP group, wherein the synchronizing is performed prior to a
current transmission opportunity between the CoMP group and the one
or more UEs; transmitting or receiving data in the current
transmission opportunity; detecting a phase drift that exceeds a
predetermined threshold during the current transmission
opportunity; signaling the one or more UEs to transmit the phase
compensation reference signal in response to the detected phase
drift; receiving a phase compensation reference signal from each of
the one or more UEs subsequent to the synchronizing the phase
between the one or more additional base stations in the CoMP group;
and adjusting the phase according to the phase compensation
reference signals.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase compensation reference
signal uses uplink sounding reference signal (SRS)
transmission.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the phase includes:
determining another phase drift based on the phase compensation
reference signal relative to the base station; obtaining a phase
adjustment based on a comparison of the synchronized phase and the
another phase drift; and adjusting the phase by the phase
adjustment.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the phase includes
one or more of: adjusting the phase according to the phase
compensation reference signals for transmission of additional
downlink data to the one or more UEs in the current transmission
opportunity; or adjusting the phase according to the phase
compensation reference signals for receipt of additional uplink
data from a corresponding UE of the one or more UEs in the current
transmission opportunity.
5. A method of wireless communication, comprising: detecting, at a
base station, a phase mismatch between transmission and reception
within a coordinated multipoint (CoMP) group among the base station
and one or more additional base stations serving one or more user
equipments (UEs), wherein the phase mismatch identifies a lack of
phase drift reciprocity in the CoMP group, wherein the lack of
phase drift reciprocity indicates that a phase drift due to
transmission from a first base station in the CoMP group and
reception by the one or more UEs is different from a phase drift
due to reception by the first base station in the CoMP group and
transmission from the one or more UEs; in response to the detecting
the phase mismatch, transmitting a downlink phase compensation
reference signal; receiving an uplink phase drift report from each
of the one or more UEs in response to the downlink phase
compensation reference signal; and adjusting a phase based on the
uplink phase drift report for transmission of downlink data within
a current transmission opportunity.
6. The method of claim 5, further including: synchronizing the
phase among the base station and the one or more additional base
stations within the CoMP group, wherein the synchronizing is
performed prior to the current transmission opportunity.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the transmitting includes
transmitting the downlink phase compensation reference signal in a
downlink subframe.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the downlink phase compensation
reference signal reuses downlink channel state information
reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission or reference signal (RS)
transmission.
9. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the
apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled
to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor
is configured: to synchronize, at a base station, a phase between
one or more additional base stations in a coordinated multipoint
(CoMP) group serving one or more user equipments (UEs) to include
the base station into the CoMP group, wherein the synchronizing is
performed prior to a current transmission opportunity between the
CoMP group and the one or more UEs; to transmit or receive data in
the current transmission opportunity; to detect a phase drift that
exceeds a predetermined threshold during the current transmission
opportunity; to signal the one or more UEs to transmit the phase
compensation reference signal in response to the detected phase
drift; to receive a phase compensation reference signal from each
of the one or more UEs subsequent the synchronization of the phase
between the one or more additional base stations in the CoMP group;
and to adjust the phase according to the phase compensation
reference signals.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the phase compensation
reference signal uses uplink sounding reference signal (SRS)
transmission.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the configuration of the at
least one processor to adjust the phase includes configuration of
the at least one processor: to determine another phase drift based
on the phase compensation reference signal relative to the base
station; to obtain a phase adjustment based on a comparison of the
synchronized phase and the another phase drift; and to adjust the
phase by the phase adjustment.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the configuration of the at
least one processor to adjust the phase includes one or more of:
configuration of the at least one processor to adjust the phase
according to the phase compensation reference signals for
transmission of additional downlink data to the one or more UEs in
the current transmission opportunity; or configuration of the at
least one processor to adjust the phase according to the phase
compensation reference signals for receipt of additional uplink
data from a corresponding UE of the one or more UEs in the current
transmission opportunity.
13. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the
apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled
to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor
is configured: to detect, at a base station, a phase mismatch
between transmission and reception within a coordinated multipoint
(CoMP) group among the base station and one or more additional base
stations serving one or more user equipments (UEs), wherein the
phase mismatch identifies a lack of phase drift reciprocity in the
CoMP group, wherein the lack of phase drift reciprocity indicates
that a phase drift due to transmission from a first base station in
the CoMP group and reception by the one or more UEs is different
from a phase drift due to reception by the first base station in
the CoMP group and transmission from the one or more UEs; in
response to the detecting the phase mismatch, to transmit a
downlink phase compensation reference signal; to receive an uplink
phase drift report from each of the one or more UEs in response to
the downlink phase compensation reference signal; and to adjust a
phase based on the uplink phase drift report for transmission of
downlink data within a current transmission opportunity.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, further including configuration of
the at least one processor to synchronize the phase among the base
station and the one or more additional base stations within the
CoMP group, wherein the synchronizing is performed prior to the
current transmission opportunity.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the configuration of the at
least one processor to transmit includes configuration of the at
least one processor to transmit the downlink phase compensation
reference signal in a downlink subframe.
16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the downlink phase
compensation reference signal reuses downlink channel state
information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission or reference
signal (RS) transmission.
Description
BACKGROUND
Field
Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless
communication systems, and more particularly, to phase compensation
reference signals (PCRS) in a new radio (NR) shared spectrum
(NR-SS) coordinated multipoint (CoMP) environment.
Background
Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide
various communication services such as voice, video, packet data,
messaging, broadcast, and the like. These wireless networks may be
multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by
sharing the available network resources. Such networks, which are
usually multiple access networks, support communications for
multiple users by sharing the available network resources. One
example of such a network is the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
Network (UTRAN). The UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN)
defined as a part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported
by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Examples of
multiple-access network formats include Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
networks, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) networks,
Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, and Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
networks.
A wireless communication network may include a number of base
stations or node Bs that can support communication for a number of
user equipments (UEs). A UE may communicate with a base station via
downlink and uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the
communication link from the base station to the UE, and the uplink
(or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to
the base station.
A base station may transmit data and control information on the
downlink to a UE and/or may receive data and control information on
the uplink from the UE. On the downlink, a transmission from the
base station may encounter interference due to transmissions from
neighbor base stations or from other wireless radio frequency (RF)
transmitters. On the uplink, a transmission from the UE may
encounter interference from uplink transmissions of other UEs
communicating with the neighbor base stations or from other
wireless RF transmitters. This interference may degrade performance
on both the downlink and uplink.
As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase,
the possibilities of interference and congested networks grows with
more UEs accessing the long-range wireless communication networks
and more short-range wireless systems being deployed in
communities. Research and development continue to advance the UMTS
technologies not only to meet the growing demand for mobile
broadband access, but to advance and enhance the user experience
with mobile communications.
SUMMARY
In one aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communication
includes synchronizing, at a base station, a phase between one or
more additional base stations in a coordinated multipoint (CoMP)
group serving one or more UEs, wherein the synchronizing is
performed prior to a current transmission opportunity between the
CoMP group and the one or more UEs, transmitting data to the one or
more UEs in the current transmission opportunity, detecting a phase
drift that exceeds a predetermined threshold during the current
transmission opportunity, receiving a phase compensation reference
signal from each of the one or more UEs; and adjusting the phase
according to the phase compensation reference signals for receipt
of uplink transmissions from a corresponding UE of the one or more
UEs.
In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured
for wireless communication, includes means for synchronizing, at a
base station, a phase between one or more additional base stations
in a CoMP group serving one or more UEs, wherein the means for
synchronizing is performed prior to a current transmission
opportunity between the CoMP group and the one or more UEs, means
for transmitting data to the one or more UEs in the current
transmission opportunity, detecting a phase drift that exceeds a
predetermined threshold during the current transmission
opportunity, means for receiving a phase compensation reference
signal from each of the one or more UEs; and means for adjusting
the phase according to the phase compensation reference signals for
receipt of uplink transmissions from a corresponding UE of the one
or more UEs.
In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a non-transitory
computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon. The
program code further includes code to synchronize, at a base
station, a phase between one or more additional base stations in a
CoMP group serving one or more UEs, wherein the code to
synchronized is performed prior to a current transmission
opportunity between the CoMP group and the one or more UEs,
transmitting data to the one or more UEs in the current
transmission opportunity, code to detect a phase drift that exceeds
a predetermined threshold during the current transmission
opportunity, code to receive a phase compensation reference signal
from each of the one or more UEs; and code to adjust the phase
according to the phase compensation reference signals for receipt
of uplink transmissions from a corresponding UE of the one or more
UEs.
In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured
for wireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes at
least one processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The
processor is configured to synchronize, at a base station, a phase
between one or more additional base stations in a CoMP group
serving one or more UEs, wherein the configuration to synchronize
is performed prior to a current transmission opportunity between
the CoMP group and the one or more UEs, to transmit data to the one
or more UEs in the current transmission opportunity, to detect a
phase drift that exceeds a predetermined threshold during the
current transmission opportunity, to receive the phase compensation
reference signal from each of the one or more UEs; and to adjust
the phase according to the phase compensation reference signals for
receipt of uplink transmissions from a corresponding UE of the one
or more UEs.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and
technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in
order that the detailed description that follows may be better
understood. Additional features and advantages will be described
hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be
readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other
structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present
disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the
scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts
disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation,
together with associated advantages will be better understood from
the following description when considered in connection with the
accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the
purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of
the limits of the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present
disclosure may be realized by reference to the following drawings.
In the appended figures, similar components or features may have
the same reference label. Further, various components of the same
type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a
dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar
components. If just the first reference label is used in the
specification, the description is applicable to any one of the
similar components having the same first reference label
irrespective of the second reference label.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating details of a wireless
communication system.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a design of a base
station/eNB and a UE configured according to one aspect of the
present disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a timing diagram for coordinated
resource partitioning.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are block diagrams illustrating CoMP downlink and
uplink data transmissions between a base station and UE.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed to
implement one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating transmissions between base
stations of a CoMP set, base stations, and served UEs, configured
according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are block diagrams illustrating a base station and
UE configured according to one aspect of the present
disclosure.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a base station and UE
configured according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The detailed description set forth below, in connection with the
appended drawings and appendix, is intended as a description of
various configurations and is not intended to limit the scope of
the disclosure. Rather, the detailed description includes specific
details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of
the inventive subject matter. It will be apparent to those skilled
in the art that these specific details are not required in every
case and that, in some instances, well-known structures and
components are shown in block diagram form for clarity of
presentation.
This disclosure relates generally to providing or participating in
authorized shared access between two or more wireless
communications systems, also referred to as wireless communications
networks. In various embodiments, the techniques and apparatus may
be used for wireless communication networks such as code division
multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access
(TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA
(SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, as well as other
communications networks. As described herein, the terms "networks"
and "systems" may be used interchangeably.
An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as evolved
UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM
and the like. UTRA, E-UTRA, and Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) are part of universal mobile telecommunication
system (UMTS). In particular, long term evolution (LTE) is a
release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE
are described in documents provided from an organization named "3rd
Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP), and cdma2000 is described
in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership
Project 2" (3GPP2). These various radio technologies and standards
are known or are being developed. For example, the 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of
telecommunications associations that aims to define a globally
applicable third generation (3G) mobile phone specification. 3GPP
long term evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project which was aimed at
improving the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS)
mobile phone standard. The 3GPP may define specifications for the
next generation of mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile
devices. The present disclosure is concerned with the evolution of
wireless technologies from LTE, 4G, 5G, and beyond with shared
access to wireless spectrum between networks using a collection of
new and different radio access technologies or radio air
interfaces.
In particular, 5G networks contemplate diverse deployments, diverse
spectrum, and diverse services and devices that may be implemented
using an OFDM-based unified, air interface. In order to achieve
these goals, further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are considered
in addition to development of a new radio (NR) technology. The 5G
NR will be capable of scaling to provide coverage (1) to a massive
Internet of things (IoTs) with an ultra-high density (e.g.,
.about.1M nodes/km.sup.2), ultra-low complexity (e.g., .about.10 s
of bits/sec), ultra-low energy (e.g., .about.10+ years of battery
life), and deep coverage with the capability to reach challenging
locations; (2) including mission-critical control with strong
security to safeguard sensitive personal, financial, or classified
information, ultra-high reliability (e.g., .about.99.9999%
reliability), ultra-low latency (e.g., .about.1 ms), and users with
wide ranges of mobility or lack thereof; and (3) with enhanced
mobile broadband including extreme high capacity (e.g., .about.10
Tbps/km.sup.2), extreme data rates (e.g., multi-Gbps rate, 100+
Mbps user experienced rates), and deep awareness with advanced
discovery and optimizations.
The 5G NR may be implemented to use optimized OFDM-based waveforms
with scalable numerology and transmission time interval (TTI);
having a common, flexible framework to efficiently multiplex
services and features with a dynamic, low-latency time division
duplex (TDD)/frequency division duplex (FDD) design; and with
advanced wireless technologies, such as massive multiple input,
multiple output (MIMO), robust millimeter wave (mmWave)
transmissions, advanced channel coding, and device-centric
mobility. Scalability of the numerology in 5G NR, with scaling of
subcarrier spacing, may efficiently address operating diverse
services across diverse spectrum and diverse deployments. For
example, in various outdoor and macro coverage deployments of less
than 3 GHz FDD/TDD implementations, subcarrier spacing may occur
with 15 kHz, for example over 1, 5, 10, 20 MHz, and the like
bandwidth. For other various outdoor and small cell coverage
deployments of TDD greater than 3 GHz, subcarrier spacing may occur
with 30 kHz over 80/100 MHz bandwidth. For other various indoor
wideband implementations, using a TDD over the unlicensed portion
of the 5 GHz band, the subcarrier spacing may occur with 60 kHz
over a 160 MHz bandwidth. Finally, for various deployments
transmitting with mmWave components at a TDD of 28 GHz, subcarrier
spacing may occur with 120 kHz over a 500 MHz bandwidth.
The scalable numerology of the 5G NR facilitates scalable TTI for
diverse latency and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For
example, shorter TTI may be used for low latency and high
reliability, while longer TTI may be used for higher spectral
efficiency. The efficient multiplexing of long and short TTIs to
allow transmissions to start on symbol boundaries. 5G NR also
contemplates a self-contained integrated subframe design with
uplink/downlink scheduling information, data, and acknowledgement
in the same subframe. The self-contained integrated subframe
supports communications in unlicensed or contention-based shared
spectrum, adaptive uplink/downlink that may be flexibly configured
on a per-cell basis to dynamically switch between uplink and
downlink to meet the current traffic needs.
Various other aspects and features of the disclosure are further
described below. It should be apparent that the teachings herein
may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific
structure, function, or both being disclosed herein is merely
representative and not limiting. Based on the teachings herein one
of an ordinary level of skill in the art should appreciate that an
aspect disclosed herein may be implemented independently of any
other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined
in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a
method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth
herein. In addition, such an apparatus may be implemented or such a
method may be practiced using other structure, functionality, or
structure and functionality in addition to or other than one or
more of the aspects set forth herein. For example, a method may be
implemented as part of a system, device, apparatus, and/or as
instructions stored on a computer readable medium for execution on
a processor or computer. Furthermore, an aspect may comprise at
least one element of a claim.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating 5G network 100 including
various base stations and UEs configured according to aspects of
the present disclosure. The 5G network 100 includes a number of
evolved node Bs (eNBs) 105 and other network entities. An eNB may
be a station that communicates with the UEs and may also be
referred to as a base station, a an access point, and the like.
Each eNB 105 may provide communication coverage for a particular
geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to this
particular geographic coverage area of an eNB and/or an eNB
subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in
which the term is used.
An eNB may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a
small cell, such as a pico cell or a femto cell, and/or other types
of cell. A macro cell generally covers a relatively large
geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow
unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the
network provider. A small cell, such as a pico cell, would
generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow
unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the
network provider. A small cell, such as a femto cell, would also
generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home)
and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide
restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell
(e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the
home, and the like). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as
a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small
cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB or a home eNB. In the example
shown in FIG. 1, the eNBs 105d and 105e are regular macro eNBs,
while eNBs 105a-105c are macro eNBs enabled with one of 3 dimension
(3D), full dimension (FD), or massive MIMO. eNBs 105a-105c take
advantage of their higher dimension MIMO capabilities to exploit 3D
beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming to increase
coverage and capacity. eNB 105f is a small cell eNB which may be a
home node or portable access point. An eNB may support one or
multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.
The 5G network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous
operation. For synchronous operation, the eNBs may have similar
frame timing, and transmissions from different eNBs may be
approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the eNBs
may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different
eNBs may not be aligned in time.
The UEs 115 are dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and
each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also be referred to
as a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, or
the like. A UE may be a cellular phone, a personal digital
assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device,
a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless
phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, or the like. UEs
115a-115d are examples of mobile smart phone-type devices accessing
5G network 100 A UE may also be a machine specifically configured
for connected communication, including machine type communication
(MTC), enhanced MTC (eMTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and the like.
UEs 115e-115k are examples of various machines configured for
communication that access 5G network 100. A UE may be able to
communicate with any type of the eNBs, whether macro eNB, small
cell, or the like. In FIG. 1, a lightning bolt (e.g., communication
links) indicates wireless transmissions between a UE and a serving
eNB, which is an eNB designated to serve the UE on the downlink
and/or uplink, or desired transmission between eNBs, and backhaul
transmissions between eNBs.
In operation at 5G network 100, eNBs 105a-105c serve UEs 115a and
115b using 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques, such
as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi-connectivity. Macro eNB
105d performs backhaul communications with eNBs 105a-105c, as well
as small cell, eNB 105f. Macro eNB 105d also transmits multicast
services which are subscribed to and received by UEs 115c and 115d.
Such multicast services may include mobile television or stream
video, or may include other services for providing community
information, such as weather emergencies or alerts, such as Amber
alerts or gray alerts.
5G network 100 also support mission critical communications with
ultra-reliable and redundant links for mission critical devices,
such UE 115e, which is a drone. Redundant communication links with
UE 115e include from macro eNBs 105d and 105e, as well as small
cell eNB 105f. Other machine type devices, such as UE 115f
(thermometer), UE 115g (smart meter), and UE 115h (wearable device)
may communicate through 5G network 100 either directly with base
stations, such as small cell eNB 105f, and macro eNB 105e, or in
multi-hop configurations by communicating with another user device
which relays its information to the network, such as UE 115f
communicating temperature measurement information to the smart
meter, UE 115g, which is then reported to the network through small
cell eNB 105f. 5G network 100 may also provide additional network
efficiency through dynamic, low-latency TDD/FDD communications,
such as in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mesh network between UEs
115i-115k communicating with macro eNB 105e.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a design of a base station/eNB 105
and a UE 115, which may be one of the base stations/eNBs and one of
the UEs in FIG. 1. At the eNB 105, a transmit processor 220 may
receive data from a data source 212 and control information from a
controller/processor 240. The control information may be for the
PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH, EPDCCH, MPDCCH etc. The data may be for
the PDSCH, etc. The transmit processor 220 may process (e.g.,
encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain
data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit
processor 220 may also generate reference symbols, e.g., for the
PSS, SSS, and cell-specific reference signal. A transmit (TX)
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform
spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the
control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and
may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) 232a
through 232t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output
symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample
stream. Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to
analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to
obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from modulators 232a
through 232t may be transmitted via the antennas 234a through 234t,
respectively.
At the UE 115, the antennas 252a through 252r may receive the
downlink signals from the eNB 105 and may provide received signals
to the demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each
demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert,
and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples.
Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g.,
for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may
obtain received symbols from all the demodulators 254a through
254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable,
and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process
(e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols,
provide decoded data for the UE 115 to a data sink 260, and provide
decoded control information to a controller/processor 280.
On the uplink, at the UE 115, a transmit processor 264 may receive
and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 262 and
control information (e.g., for the PUCCH) from the
controller/processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may also
generate reference symbols for a reference signal. The symbols from
the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor
266 if applicable, further processed by the modulators 254a through
254r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to the eNB 105. At
the eNB 105, the uplink signals from the UE 115 may be received by
the antennas 234, processed by the demodulators 232, detected by a
MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive
processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent
by the UE 115. The processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a
data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the
controller/processor 240.
The controllers/processors 240 and 280 may direct the operation at
the eNB 105 and the UE 115, respectively. The controller/processor
240 and/or other processors and modules at the eNB 105 may perform
or direct the execution of various processes for the techniques
described herein. The controllers/processor 280 and/or other
processors and modules at the UE 115 may also perform or direct the
execution of the functional blocks illustrated in FIG. 5, and/or
other processes for the techniques described herein. The memories
242 and 282 may store data and program codes for the eNB 105 and
the UE 115, respectively. A scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data
transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.
Wireless communications systems operated by different network
operating entities (e.g., network operators) may share spectrum. In
some instances, a network operating entity may be configured to use
an entirety of a designated shared spectrum for at least a period
of time before another network operating entity uses the entirety
of the designated shared spectrum for a different period of time.
Thus, in order to allow network operating entities use of the full
designated shared spectrum, and in order to mitigate interfering
communications between the different network operating entities,
certain resources (e.g., time) may be partitioned and allocated to
the different network operating entities for certain types of
communication.
For example, a network operating entity may be allocated certain
time resources reserved for exclusive communication by the network
operating entity using the entirety of the shared spectrum. The
network operating entity may also be allocated other time resources
where the entity is given priority over other network operating
entities to communicate using the shared spectrum. These time
resources, prioritized for use by the network operating entity, may
be utilized by other network operating entities on an opportunistic
basis if the prioritized network operating entity does not utilize
the resources. Additional time resources may be allocated for any
network operator to use on an opportunistic basis.
Access to the shared spectrum and the arbitration of time resources
among different network operating entities may be centrally
controlled by a separate entity, autonomously determined by a
predefined arbitration scheme, or dynamically determined based on
interactions between wireless nodes of the network operators.
In some cases, UE 115 and base station 105 may operate in a shared
radio frequency spectrum band, which may include licensed or
unlicensed (e.g., contention-based) frequency spectrum. In an
unlicensed frequency portion of the shared radio frequency spectrum
band, UEs 115 or base stations 105 may traditionally perform a
medium-sensing procedure to contend for access to the frequency
spectrum. For example, UE 115 or base station 105 may perform a
listen before talk (LBT) procedure such as a clear channel
assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine
whether the shared channel is available. A CCA may include an
energy detection procedure to determine whether there are any other
active transmissions. For example, a device may infer that a change
in a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a power meter
indicates that a channel is occupied. Specifically, signal power
that is concentrated in a certain bandwidth and exceeds a
predetermined noise floor may indicate another wireless
transmitter. A CCA also may include detection of specific sequences
that indicate use of the channel. For example, another device may
transmit a specific preamble prior to transmitting a data sequence.
In some cases, an LBT procedure may include a wireless node
adjusting its own backoff window based on the amount of energy
detected on a channel and/or the acknowledge/negative-acknowledge
(ACK/NACK) feedback for its own transmitted packets as a proxy for
collisions.
Use of a medium-sensing procedure to contend for access to an
unlicensed shared spectrum may result in communication
inefficiencies. This may be particularly evident when multiple
network operating entities (e.g., network operators) are attempting
to access a shared resource. In 5G network 100, base stations 105
and UEs 115 may be operated by the same or different network
operating entities. In some examples, an individual base station
105 or UE 115 may be operated by more than one network operating
entity. In other examples, each base station 105 and UE 115 may be
operated by a single network operating entity. Requiring each base
station 105 and UE 115 of different network operating entities to
contend for shared resources may result in increased signaling
overhead and communication latency.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a timing diagram 300 for
coordinated resource partitioning. The timing diagram 300 includes
a superframe 305, which may represent a fixed duration of time
(e.g., 20 ms). Superframe 305 may be repeated for a given
communication session and may be used by a wireless system such as
5G network 100 described with reference to FIG. 1. The superframe
305 may be divided into intervals such as an acquisition interval
(A-INT) 310 and an arbitration interval 315. As described in more
detail below, the A-INT 310 and arbitration interval 315 may be
subdivided into sub-intervals, designated for certain resource
types, and allocated to different network operating entities to
facilitate coordinated communications between the different network
operating entities. For example, the arbitration interval 315 may
be divided into a plurality of sub-intervals 320. Also, the
superframe 305 may be further divided into a plurality of subframes
325 with a fixed duration (e.g., 1 ms). While timing diagram 300
illustrates three different network operating entities (e.g.,
Operator A, Operator B, Operator C), the number of network
operating entities using the superframe 305 for coordinated
communications may be greater than or fewer than the number
illustrated in timing diagram 300.
The A-INT 310 may be a dedicated interval of the superframe 305
that is reserved for exclusive communications by the network
operating entities. In some examples, each network operating entity
may be allocated certain resources within the A-INT 310 for
exclusive communications. For example, resources 330-a may be
reserved for exclusive communications by Operator A, such as
through base station 105a, resources 330-b may be reserved for
exclusive communications by Operator B, such as through base
station 105b, and resources 330-c may be reserved for exclusive
communications by Operator C, such as through base station 105c.
Since the resources 330-a are reserved for exclusive communications
by Operator A, neither Operator B nor Operator C can communicate
during resources 330-a, even if Operator A chooses not to
communicate during those resources. That is, access to exclusive
resources is limited to the designated network operator. Similar
restrictions apply to resources 330-b for Operator B and resources
330-c for Operator C. The wireless nodes of Operator A (e.g, UEs
115 or base stations 105) may communicate any information desired
during their exclusive resources 330-a, such as control information
or data.
When communicating over an exclusive resource, a network operating
entity does not need to perform any medium sensing procedures
(e.g., listen-before-talk (LBT) or clear channel assessment (CCA))
because the network operating entity knows that the resources are
reserved. Because only the designated network operating entity may
communicate over exclusive resources, there may be a reduced
likelihood of interfering communications as compared to relying on
medium sensing techniques alone (e.g., no hidden node problem). In
some examples, the A-INT 310 is used to transmit control
information, such as synchronization signals (e.g., SYNC signals),
system information (e.g., system information blocks (SIBs)), paging
information (e.g., physical broadcast channel (PBCH) messages), or
random access information (e.g., random access channel (RACH)
signals). In some examples, all of the wireless nodes associated
with a network operating entity may transmit at the same time
during their exclusive resources.
In some examples, resources may be classified as prioritized for
certain network operating entities. Resources that are assigned
with priority for a certain network operating entity may be
referred to as a guaranteed interval (G-INT) for that network
operating entity. The interval of resources used by the network
operating entity during the G-INT may be referred to as a
prioritized sub-interval. For example, resources 335-a may be
prioritized for use by Operator A and may therefore be referred to
as a G-INT for Operator A (e.g., G-INT-OpA). Similarly, resources
335-b may be prioritized for Operator B, resources 335-c may be
prioritized for Operator C, resources 335-d may be prioritized for
Operator A, resources 335-e may be prioritized for Operator B, and
resources 335-f may be prioritized for operator C.
The various G-INT resources illustrated in FIG. 3 appear to be
staggered to illustrate their association with their respective
network operating entities, but these resources may all be on the
same frequency bandwidth. Thus, if viewed along a time-frequency
grid, the G-INT resources may appear as a contiguous line within
the superframe 305. This partitioning of data may be an example of
time division multiplexing (TDM). Also, when resources appear in
the same sub-interval (e.g., resources 340-a and resources 335-b),
these resources represent the same time resources with respect to
the superframe 305 (e.g., the resources occupy the same
sub-interval 320), but the resources are separately designated to
illustrate that the same time resources can be classified
differently for different operators.
When resources are assigned with priority for a certain network
operating entity (e.g., a G-INT), that network operating entity may
communicate using those resources without having to wait or perform
any medium sensing procedures (e.g., LBT or CCA). For example, the
wireless nodes of Operator A are free to communicate any data or
control information during resources 335-a without interference
from the wireless nodes of Operator B or Operator C.
A network operating entity may additionally signal to another
operator that it intends to use a particular G-INT. For example,
referring to resources 335-a, Operator A may signal to Operator B
and Operator C that it intends to use resources 335-a. Such
signaling may be referred to as an activity indication. Moreover,
since Operator A has priority over resources 335-a, Operator A may
be considered as a higher priority operator than both Operator B
and Operator C. However, as discussed above, Operator A does not
have to send signaling to the other network operating entities to
ensure interference-free transmission during resources 335-a
because the resources 335-a are assigned with priority to Operator
A.
Similarly, a network operating entity may signal to another network
operating entity that it intends not to use a particular G-INT.
This signaling may also be referred to as an activity indication.
For example, referring to resources 335-b, Operator B may signal to
Operator A and Operator C that it intends not to use the resources
335-b for communication, even though the resources are assigned
with priority to Operator B. With reference to resources 335-b,
Operator B may be considered a higher priority network operating
entity than Operator A and Operator C. In such cases, Operators A
and C may attempt to use resources of sub-interval 320 on an
opportunistic basis. Thus, from the perspective of Operator A, the
sub-interval 320 that contains resources 335-b may be considered an
opportunistic interval (O-INT) for Operator A (e.g., O-INT-OpA).
For illustrative purposes, resources 340-a may represent the O-INT
for Operator A. Also, from the perspective of Operator C, the same
sub-interval 320 may represent an O-INT for Operator C with
corresponding resources 340-b. Resources 340-a, 335-b, and 340-b
all represent the same time resources (e.g., a particular
sub-interval 320), but are identified separately to signify that
the same resources may be considered as a G-INT for some network
operating entities and yet as an O-INT for others.
To utilize resources on an opportunistic basis, Operator A and
Operator C may perform medium-sensing procedures to check for
communications on a particular channel before transmitting data.
For example, if Operator B decides not to use resources 335-b
(e.g., G-INT-OpB), then Operator A may use those same resources
(e.g., represented by resources 340-a) by first checking the
channel for interference (e.g., LBT) and then transmitting data if
the channel was determined to be clear. Similarly, if Operator C
wanted to access resources on an opportunistic basis during
sub-interval 320 (e.g., use an O-INT represented by resources
340-b) in response to an indication that Operator B was not going
to use its G-fNT, Operator C may perform a medium sensing procedure
and access the resources if available. In some cases, two operators
(e.g., Operator A and Operator C) may attempt to access the same
resources, in which case the operators may employ contention-based
procedures to avoid interfering communications. The operators may
also have sub-priorities assigned to them designed to determine
which operator may gain access to resources if more than operator
is attempting access simultaneously.
In some examples, a network operating entity may intend not to use
a particular G-INT assigned to it, but may not send out an activity
indication that conveys the intent not to use the resources. In
such cases, for a particular sub-interval 320, lower priority
operating entities may be configured to monitor the channel to
determine whether a higher priority operating entity is using the
resources. If a lower priority operating entity determines through
LBT or similar method that a higher priority operating entity is
not going to use its G-INT resources, then the lower priority
operating entities may attempt to access the resources on an
opportunistic basis as described above.
In some examples, access to a G-INT or O-INT may be preceded by a
reservation signal (e.g., request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send
(CTS)), and the contention window (CW) may be randomly chosen
between one and the total number of operating entities.
In some examples, an operating entity may employ or be compatible
with coordinated multipoint (CoMP) communications. For example an
operating entity may employ CoMP and dynamic time division duplex
(TDD) in a G-INT and opportunistic CoMP in an O-INT as needed.
In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, each sub-interval 320
includes a G-INT for one of Operator A, B, or C. However, in some
cases, one or more sub-intervals 320 may include resources that are
neither reserved for exclusive use nor reserved for prioritized use
(e.g., unassigned resources). Such unassigned resources may be
considered an O-INT for any network operating entity, and may be
accessed on an opportunistic basis as described above.
In some examples, each subframe 325 may contain 14 symbols (e.g.,
250-.mu.s for 60 kHz tone spacing). These subframes 325 may be
standalone, self-contained Interval-Cs (ITCs) or the subframes 325
may be a part of a long ITC. An ITC may be a self-contained
transmission starting with a downlink transmission and ending with
a uplink transmission. In some embodiments, an ITC may contain one
or more subframes 325 operating contiguously upon medium
occupation. In some cases, there may be a maximum of eight network
operators in an A-INT 310 (e.g., with duration of 2 ms) assuming a
250-.mu.s transmission opportunity.
Although three operators are illustrated in FIG. 3, it should be
understood that fewer or more network operating entities may be
configured to operate in a coordinated manner as described above.
In some cases, the location of the G-INT, O-INT, or A-INT within
superframe 305 for each operator is determined autonomously based
on the number of network operating entities active in a system. For
example, if there is only one network operating entity, each
sub-interval 320 may be occupied by a G-INT for that single network
operating entity, or the sub-intervals 320 may alternate between
G-INTs for that network operating entity and O-INTs to allow other
network operating entities to enter. If there are two network
operating entities, the sub-intervals 320 may alternate between
G-INTs for the first network operating entity and G-INTs for the
second network operating entity. If there are three network
operating entities, the G-INT and O-INTs for each network operating
entity may be designed as illustrated in FIG. 3. If there are four
network operating entities, the first four sub-intervals 320 may
include consecutive G-INTs for the four network operating entities
and the remaining two sub-intervals 320 may contain O-INTs.
Similarly, if there are five network operating entities, the first
five sub-intervals 320 may contain consecutive G-INTs for the five
network operating entities and the remaining sub-interval 320 may
contain an O-INT. If there are six network operating entities, all
six sub-intervals 320 may include consecutive G-INTs for each
network operating entity. It should be understood that these
examples are for illustrative purposes only and that other
autonomously determined interval allocations may be used.
It should be understood that the coordination framework described
with reference to FIG. 3 is for illustration purposes only. For
example, the duration of superframe 305 may be more or less than 20
ms. Also, the number, duration, and location of sub-intervals 320
and subframes 325 may differ from the configuration illustrated.
Also, the types of resource designations (e.g., exclusive,
prioritized, unassigned) may differ or include more or less
sub-designations.
Wireless operations that use coordinated multipoint (CoMP)
transmissions include a range of different techniques that enable
the dynamic coordination of transmission and reception over a
variety of different base stations. CoMP generally falls into two
major categories: joint processing, where there is coordination
between multiple entities--base stations--that are simultaneously
transmitting or receiving to or from UEs; and coordinated
scheduling or beamforming, where a UE transmits with a single
transmission or reception point, while the communication is made
with an exchange of control among several coordinated entities. The
joint processing form of CoMP also includes a subclass referred to
as joint transmission, in which UE data is simultaneously process
and transmitted from multiple cooperating base stations. In
heterogeneous and dense small cell network scenarios with low power
nodes, UEs may experience significant signal strength
simultaneously from multiple base stations. In order to manage both
downlink and uplink joint transmission CoMP, accurate and
up-to-date channel state information (CSI) feedback is used.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are block diagrams illustrating CoMP downlink and
uplink data transmissions 40 and 41 between a base station 105a and
UE 115a. Base station 105a and UE 115a participate in
communications over a shared spectrum, such as according to NR-SS
operations. Prior to communicating on the shared spectrum, the
transmitting entity, base station 105a in FIG. 4A and UE 115a in
FIG. 4B, performs an LBT procedure in reservation preambles 400 and
403. Once the channel has been secured, at the beginning of each of
downlink CoMP data transmission 40 and uplink CoMP data
transmission 41, sounding reference signal (SRS) feedback is
transmitted by UE 115a within CoMP header 401 and 404. CoMP headers
401 and 404 include a downlink "pre-grant" of a SRS/channel state
feedback (CSF) request, CSI-RS, along with an UL "pre-grant ACK,"
including the SRS and CSF (PUCCH) response to the request. The
uplink CoMP operation is reciprocal to the downlink CoMP operation.
Remote transmission points communicate in-phase and quadrature
(I/Q) samples to a central base station. On the downlink, the base
stations in the CoMP set jointly process the signal-to-leakage
ratio (SLR) beamforming into the communication channel including
the minimum mean square equalization (MMSE). On the uplink side,
precoding is performed onto the channel again with MMSE
equalization for the SLR beamformin. It is noted that the CoMP
transmissions and receptions techniques may be applicable to both
the licensed and unlicensed networks when a plurality of base
stations, such as eNB, gNB, etc, perform joint transmission or
joint reception.
In general, within the downlink CoMP operations (FIG. 4A), a base
station, such as base station 105a, chooses UEs, such as UE 115a,
to schedule and requests SRS feedback ("pre-grant"). UE 115a
transmits SRS in addition to DMRS and the CSF within the PUCCH of
downlink CoMP header 401. Base station 105a determines the SLR
beams and modulation coding scheme (MCS) based on the SRS. Downlink
beamformed data 402 includes downlink transmissions of control/data
(e.g., CRS, downlink grants in the PDCCH, DMRS, PDSCH), which are
transmitted via SLR-beamforming. At the end of downlink CoMP
beamformed data 402, base station 105a receives uplink
acknowledgement via the DMRS and PUCCH, which are received via MMSE
(SLR) equalization. In some aspects, the PUCCH may be received with
joint uplink reception. In additional aspects, the PUCCH may be
received without joint processing.
Within the uplink CoMP operations (FIG. 4B), base station chooses
to schedule UE 115a and requests SRS feedback ("pre-grant") within
uplink CoMP header 404. UE 115a transmits SRS for the "pre-grant
ACK" in uplink CoMP header 400, after which base station 105a
determines the SLR beams and MCS. Downlink controls, such as CRS,
uplink grants, and the like, may also be transmitted via
SLR-beamforming. Alternatively, downlink controls may be
transmitted without joint processing. After uplink CoMP header 404,
the data are received in uplink CoMP beamformed data 405 with DMRS
and PUSCH via MMSE (SLR) equalization.
CoMP performance is mainly limited by channel accuracy at the base
station as it affects beam selection. For each transmission
opportunity, a phase synchronization may be performed in the
beginning of the transmission opportunity. However, a single phase
synchronization per transmission opportunity may not be sufficient
when the phase drift within the transmission opportunity is
non-negligible. Because CoMP operations rely on the interoperations
between multiple base stations, the phase coherence is much more
strict as compared to single point processing. Non-negligible phase
drift over the transmission opportunity can greatly degrade the
CoMP performance. Accordingly, various aspects of the present
disclosure are directed to provide a phase compensation reference
signal (PCSR) that may be transmitted when the phase drift exceeds
a predetermined threshold. The PCRS allows the base station or
other transmitting node to compensate for the phase drift.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed to
implement one aspect of the present disclosure. At block 500, a
base station synchronizes a phase between one or more other base
stations in a CoMP group serving one or more UEs, wherein the
synchronizing is performed prior to a current transmission
opportunity between the CoMP group and the one or more UEs. Prior
to beginning transmissions for a current transmission opportunity,
the base stations of the CoMP set synchronize phase among the
members of the set.
At block 501, a base station of the CoMP group transmits data to
the UEs in the current transmission opportunity. At block 502, the
base station of the CoMP group detects a phase drift that exceeds a
predetermined threshold during the current transmission
opportunity. Each of the different base stations in a given CoMP
set may have different front end electronics and different clocks
and crystals, that might result in different jitter, which may
cause the phase drift over the course of the transmission
opportunity.
At block 503, the base station receives a phase compensation
reference signal from each of the UEs. When the phase drift is too
large within a transmission opportunity, the UEs may transmit PCRS
at the end of each subframe. The PCRS may be triggered via
signaling received from the base stations, such as semi-static or
dynamic signaling, or the UEs may either begin transmissions on
their own detection of phase drift, or simply send the PCRS after
each subframe regardless of detecting a phase drift. The UEs may
send the PCRS after each subframe upon the trigger of the base
stations regardless of detecting a phase drift. Each base station
of the CoMP set may receive a PCRS from each served UE and uses the
PCRS to determine the phase adjustment in a channel from each UE to
each base station.
At block 504, the base station adjusts the phase according to the
phase compensation reference signal for receipt of uplink
transmissions from a corresponding UE of the one or more UEs. Thus,
when excessive phase drift is detected during a transmission
opportunity, transmission of PCRS may be semi-statically triggered
in order to aid in adjusting the channel back into
synchronization.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating transmissions between base
stations of a CoMP set, base stations 105a and 105b, and served
UEs, UEs 115a and 115b, configured according to one aspect of the
present disclosure. When PCRS 602 are transmitted due to the
intra-transmission opportunity phase drift exceeding the threshold
limit, PCRS 602 are transmitted by all scheduled UEs, e.g., UE
115a, UE 115b, and are meant for the different base stations,
including base stations 105a and 105b, to obtain a phase drift
relative to SRS feedback 600 at the beginning of the transmission
opportunity. Thus, using SRS feedback 600, each of base stations
105a and 105b determines a relative channel between the base
station and each individual UE, UEs 115a and 115b, based on the
original SRS feedback 600 of UEs 115a and 115b. Because the base
stations, such as base stations 105a and 105b, will not use PCRS
602 to determine channel feedback, the structure of PCRS 602 would
not necessarily have the same density as SRS feedback 600. PCRS 602
is meant to compensate the estimated channel with the phase drift
that has occurred from SRS feedback 600 transmissions to PCRS
602.
In one example aspect, PCRS 602 could use the structure of SRS 600,
but with a reduced time/frequency density, hence, a single symbol
may be expected to accommodate all scheduled UEs. In some example
aspects, PCRS 602 can use SRS 600. PCRS 602 can be transmitted
with/within transmissions of SRS 600.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are block diagrams illustrating a base station 105a
and UE 115a configured according to one aspect of the present
disclosure. With regard to the downlink CoMP data burst 700 (FIG.
7A), each subframe is configured as a Du subframe to include a
downlink portion of transmission and an uplink portion of
transmission. During transmission of the downlink data in PDSCH, an
excessive phase drift may occur. The detection of the phase drift
may prompt base station 105a to semi-statically or dynamically send
a trigger signal for UE 115a to transmit PCRS. Alternatively, UE
115a may send PCRS without a triggering signal from base station
105a. UE 115a, accordingly, transmits PCRS on the uplink at the end
of each subframe of downlink CoMP data burst 700. Base station 105a
uses the PCRS from UE 115a and compares that against the
"pre-grant" SRS transmitted by UE 115a at the beginning of the
transmission opportunity.
Similarly, uplink CoMP data burst 701, includes one initial Du
subframe that carries the uplink grants for uplink transmissions in
the remaining subframes. When the phase shift has been detected and
PCRS triggered at the end of each subframe, base station 105a will
use that PCRS in comparison with the original synchronization from
the SRS to determine an adjustment for the drift that exceeded the
predetermined threshold.
For uplink CoMP operations, base station 105a estimates the
relative phase drift from SRS to PCRS in each subframe and for each
UE. All eNBs, including base station 105a, in the joint processing
of the CoMP set compensate the uplink channel from SRS with the
relative phase drift and obtain the SLR beam for CoMP reception.
For DL CoMP operations, the typical assumption provides that the
phase drift on the base station transmitter/UE receiver is the same
as UE transmitter/base station receiver. Such channel reciprocity
can be achieved using a common phase locked loop (PLL) source on
transmitter and receiver within the same node. This channel
reciprocity may also be referred to as phase drift reciprocity. All
eNBs, such as base station 105a, estimate the relative phase drift
from the preliminary synchronization SRS to semi-statically
triggered PCRS for each UE 115a, apply it to the downlink channel
and update the SLR beam for joint transmission accordingly.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a base station 105a and UE
115a configured according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
For the downlink CoMP data burst 800 operations, if phase drift on
the base station transmitter/UE receiver is not the same as the UE
transmitter and base station. The assumption of channel/phase drift
reciprocity between downlink and uplink no longer applies. A
mismatch may arise, for example, when a eNB uses separate PLLs for
the transmitter and receiver. In contrast to only an uplink PCRS
being triggered and transmitted by the UE, when transmitter and
receiver are not synchronous, downlink PCRS may be transmitted from
all of the eNBs involved in CoMP. UEs, such as UE 115a, measure the
downlink phase drift by comparing the downlink PCRS relative to the
CSI-RS transmitted in CoMP header. The phase drift reflects the
change on (eNB Tx, UE Rx). UEs report the phase drift seen on DL
PCRS in UL control. All eNBs obtain the phase drift feedback from
each UE and apply it to DL channel and update the SLR beam for
joint transmission accordingly. In some example aspects, downlink
PCRS can reuse CSI-RS transmission or RS transmission. Downlink
PCRS can be transmitted with/within CSI-RS transmission, RS
transmission, or both.
Those of skill in the art would understand that information and
signals may be represented using any of a variety of different
technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions,
commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may
be referenced throughout the above description may be represented
by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or
particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination
thereof.
The functional blocks and modules in FIG. 5 may comprise
processors, electronics devices, hardware devices, electronics
components, logical circuits, memories, software codes, firmware
codes, etc., or any combination thereof.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various
illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps
described in connection with the disclosure herein may be
implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or
combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability
of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks,
modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in
terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is
implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular
application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in
varying ways for each particular application, but such
implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a
departure from the scope of the present disclosure. Skilled
artisans will also readily recognize that the order or combination
of components, methods, or interactions that are described herein
are merely examples and that the components, methods, or
interactions of the various aspects of the present disclosure may
be combined or performed in ways other than those illustrated and
described herein.
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits
described in connection with the disclosure herein may be
implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a
digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated
circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other
programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,
discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed
to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose
processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the
processor may be any conventional processor, controller,
microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be
implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a
combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a
DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the
disclosure herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a
software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the
two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM
memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a
removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known
in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor
such that the processor can read information from, and write
information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage
medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the
storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user
terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium
may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
In one or more exemplary designs, the functions described may be
implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination
thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on
or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a
computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both
computer storage media and communication media including any medium
that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to
another. Computer-readable storage media may be any available media
that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose
computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such
computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or
other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic
storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or
store desired program code means in the form of instructions or
data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or
special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose
processor. Also, a connection may be properly termed a
computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is
transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a
coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital
subscriber line (DSL), then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,
twisted pair, or DSL, are included in the definition of medium.
Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser
disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and
blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while
discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the
above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable
media.
As used herein, including in the claims, the term "and/or," when
used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the
listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two
or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a
composition is described as containing components A, B, and/or C,
the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in
combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A,
B, and C in combination. Also, as used herein, including in the
claims, "or" as used in a list of items prefaced by "at least one
of" indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of
"at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or
ABC (i.e., A and B and C) or any of these in any combination
thereof.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable
any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure.
Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to
those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein
may be applied to other variations without departing from the
spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not
intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein
but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the
principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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