U.S. patent number 10,046,073 [Application Number 14/813,057] was granted by the patent office on 2018-08-14 for portable uv devices, systems and methods of use and manufacturing.
This patent grant is currently assigned to BlueMorph, LLC. The grantee listed for this patent is BlueMorph LLC. Invention is credited to Noah Bareket, Thomas Edgar Beard, Alexander Farren.
United States Patent |
10,046,073 |
Farren , et al. |
August 14, 2018 |
Portable UV devices, systems and methods of use and
manufacturing
Abstract
Provided herein are portable ultraviolet (UV) devices, systems,
and methods of use and manufacturing same. Methods of use include
methods for UV disinfection and sterilization, more specifically,
methods for UV disinfection and sterilization of a container, a
room, a space or a defined environment. The portable UV devices,
systems and methods are particularly useful for the UV disinfection
and sterilization of a container, a room, a space or defined
environment used in the food, beverage and dairy industry and in
the process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. Provided are
also portable UV devices, systems, and methods for inhibiting the
growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a
container, a room, a space or a defined environment, preferably for
inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms
present on an interior surface of a container, a room, a space or a
defined environment.
Inventors: |
Farren; Alexander (Oakland,
CA), Bareket; Noah (Saratoga, CA), Beard; Thomas
Edgar (Healdsburg, CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
BlueMorph LLC |
Oakland |
CA |
US |
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Assignee: |
BlueMorph, LLC (Oakland,
CA)
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Family
ID: |
54835264 |
Appl.
No.: |
14/813,057 |
Filed: |
July 29, 2015 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20150359915 A1 |
Dec 17, 2015 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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14302375 |
Jun 11, 2014 |
9687575 |
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14091311 |
Nov 26, 2013 |
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13650028 |
Jul 12, 2016 |
9387268 |
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13314007 |
Dec 7, 2011 |
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13308383 |
Nov 30, 2011 |
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13151196 |
Jun 2, 2015 |
9044521 |
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PCT/US2011/063827 |
Dec 7, 2011 |
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PCT/US2011/038826 |
Jun 1, 2011 |
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61350414 |
Jun 1, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61L
9/20 (20130101); A61L 2/00 (20130101); A61L
2/24 (20130101); A23L 3/28 (20130101); A61L
9/00 (20130101); H01J 37/244 (20130101); A61L
2/10 (20130101); H01J 2237/22 (20130101); A61L
2209/212 (20130101); A61L 2202/23 (20130101); A61L
2202/11 (20130101); A61L 2202/25 (20130101); A61L
2202/14 (20130101); H01J 2237/0245 (20130101); A61L
2202/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61L
2/10 (20060101); A61L 2/24 (20060101); A23L
3/28 (20060101); A61L 9/20 (20060101); H01J
37/244 (20060101); A61L 2/00 (20060101); A61L
9/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;422/24 |
References Cited
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|
Primary Examiner: Joyner; Kevin
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Taylor English Duma LLP Ruppert;
Siegfried J. W.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This patent application is a continuation-in-part application of
U.S. application Ser. No. 14/302,375, filed Jun. 11, 2014, which is
a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.
14/091,311, filed Nov. 26, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part
application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/650,028, filed Oct. 11,
2012, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/314,007, filed Dec. 7, 2011, which is a
continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.
13/308,383, filed Nov. 30, 2011, now abandoned, which is a
continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.
13/151,196, filed Jun. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,044,521, which
claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.
61/350,414, entitled "UV Sterilization Of Containers," filed Jun.
1, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by
reference in their entirety by reference for all purposes. U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/314,007, filed Dec. 7, 2011, also claims
benefit of PCT patent application Ser. No. PCT/US2011/63827, filed
Dec. 7, 2011, which is (i) a continuation-in-part application of
U.S. application Ser. No. 13/151,196, filed Jun. 1, 2011, now U.S.
Pat. No. 9,044,521 and (ii) a continuation-in-part application of
PCT/US 11/38826, filed Jun. 1, 2011, each (i) and (ii) claiming the
benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/350,414,
entitled "UV Sterilization Of Containers," filed Jun. 1, 2010, the
disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their
entirety by reference for all purposes.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A portable ultraviolet (UV) device comprising: (i) a lower frame
comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end;
(ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second
upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower
frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into
an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source
comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; (v) at
least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second
lamp and connected to the upper frame; and (vi) a means for
controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an
angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame;
wherein (vi) comprises a rope or cable, wherein the rope or cable
is connected to a first rope or cable anchoring point at the upper
frame and fastened to a second rope or cable anchoring point
located on either the lower frame or located on a mounting bracket
movably attached to the lower frame and wherein, upon release of
the rope or cable from the second rope or cable anchoring point,
the upper frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular
position with respect to the position of the lower frame, and
wherein, when not in use, the upper frame is positioned on top of
the lower frame.
2. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the at
least one first germicidal UV light source resides in a first
housing.
3. The portable UV device according to claim 2, wherein the first
housing permits UV light to pass through.
4. The portable UV device according to claim 3, wherein the housing
is made of UV fused silica, CaF.sub.2, MgF.sub.2, BaF.sub.2,
quartz, sapphire, teflon, polydimethylsiloxane, TPX.RTM. or
polymethylpentene (PMP).
5. The portable UV device according to claim 1, further comprising:
(vii) a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of
a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a
space or defined environment.
6. The portable UV device according to claim 5, wherein (vii) is a
mounting bracket.
7. The portable UV device according to claim 5, further comprising:
(viii) a second hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the
means for attaching the portable UV device to the opening of the
container, to the fixture in the room or to the fixture in or at
the space or defined environment.
8. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the at
least one germicidal UV light source or the at least one second
germicidal UV light source is a pulsed germicidal UV light
source.
9. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein (vi)
permits the at least one second germicidal UV light source be
positioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees
with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV
light source.
10. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein (vi)
further comprises a pneumatic cylinder.
11. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the at
least one second germicidal UV light source resides in a second
housing.
12. The portable UV device according to claim 11, wherein the first
housing and the second housing are selected from selected from the
group consisting of a housing comprising a protective sleeve, a
housing comprising a fan cooling system, a housing comprising a
reflector, a housing attached to a bracket, a housing attached to a
central sleeve, a removable housing, a mesh cage housing, a
cylindrical housing, a housing made of a polymer, a housing made of
a metal, a housing made of plastic, a housing which may fold open,
a housing, which does not allow UV light to pass through and from
which the at least first germicidal UV light source or the at least
second germicidal UV light source can be released, and wherein the
first housing and the second housing may be the same or
different.
13. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the second
rope or cable anchoring point is a first rope post or a second rope
post attached to the mounting bracket.
14. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein (vi)
further comprises an upper frame fixture clip, wherein the upper
frame clip is adapted to restrict movement of the upper frame, and
wherein, upon release from the upper frame fixture clip, the upper
frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with
respect to the position of the lower frame.
15. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein (vi)
further comprises an extension spring comprising a first hook
attached to a first anchoring post and a second hook attached to a
second anchoring post.
16. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein (vi)
further comprises a motor.
17. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein (vi)
further comprises a winch.
18. The portable UV device according to claim 1, further
comprising: (vii) a carrying handle.
19. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the first
upper frame end and the second upper frame end each comprise at
least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and
wherein the at least one second germicidal UV light source is
attached to the at least one UV lamp socket.
20. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the first
lower frame end and the second lower frame end each comprise at
least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and
wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is
attached to the at least one UV lamp socket.
21. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the first
upper frame end and the second upper frame end are connected by a
plurality of rods.
22. The portable UV device according to claim 21, wherein the upper
frame further comprises at least one cross connector and wherein
the plurality of rods penetrates the at least one cross
connector.
23. The portable UV device according to claim 1, further
comprising: (vii) a UV sensor attached to either the lower frame or
the upper frame.
24. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the at
least one first germicidal UV light source is a member of a
plurality of first germicidal UV light sources, selected from the
group consisting of two first germicidal UV light sources, three
first germicidal UV light sources, four first germicidal UV light
sources, five first germicidal UV light sources, six first
germicidal UV light sources, seven first germicidal UV light
sources, eight first germicidal UV light sources, nine first
germicidal UV light sources, and ten first germicidal UV light
sources, and wherein members of the plurality of the first
germicidal UV light sources are the same or different germicidal UV
light sources.
25. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the at
least one second germicidal UV light source is a member of a
plurality of second germicidal UV light sources, selected from the
group consisting of two second germicidal UV light sources, three
second germicidal UV light sources, four second germicidal UV light
sources, five second germicidal UV light sources, six second
germicidal UV light sources, seven second germicidal UV light
sources, eight second germicidal UV light sources, nine second
germicidal UV light sources, and ten second germicidal UV light
sources, and wherein members of the plurality of the second
germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal
UV light sources.
26. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the
portable UV device comprises two first germicidal UV light sources
connected to the lower frame and two second germicidal UV light
sources connected to the upper frame and wherein the two first
germicidal UV light sources and the two second germicidal UV light
sources are the same or different germicidal UV light sources.
27. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the first
lamp and the second lamp are independently selected from the group
consisting of a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure
mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure
mercury lamp, a low pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium
pressure short arc xenon lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon
lamp, an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure
long arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high
pressure long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon
lamp, a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal
halide lamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultra-high
pressure metal halide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz
halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an
incandescent lamp.
28. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the at
least one first germicidal UV light source or the at least one
second germicidal UV light source is a UV-C light source.
29. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the
portable UV device is connected to a control box.
30. The portable UV device according to claim 29, wherein the
control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more
functionalities of the portable UV device or relaying a response
from the portable UV device.
31. The portable UV device according to claim 30, wherein the one
or more functionalities of the portable UV device controlled by or
relayed by the circuit board is selected from the group consisting
of: (A) communicating with a radiofrequency identifier; (B)
controlling a movement of the at least one first germicidal UV
light source or the at least one second germicidal UV light source
within a container, a room, a space or a defined environment; (C)
controlling a positioning of the at least one first germicidal UV
light source or of the at least one second germicidal UV light
source within the container, the room, the space or the defined
environment; (D) controlling activation and deactivation of the at
least one first germicidal UV light source or of the at least one
second germicidal UV light source; (E) controlling an on/off status
of the at least one first germicidal UV light source or of the at
least one second germicidal UV light source based on whether a
pre-determined UV intensity has been attained; (F) controlling
extension of the at least one first germicidal UV light source or
of the at least one second germicidal UV light source from a
housing; (G) controlling retraction of the at least one first
germicidal UV light source or of the at least one second germicidal
UV light source into the housing; (H) responding to a jammed
position status of the at least one first germicidal UV light
source or of the at least one second germicidal UV light source;
(I) controlling an optical sensor which initiates a timer upon
inserting the at least one first germicidal UV light source or the
at least one second germicidal UV light source into the container,
the room, the space or the defined environment; (J) controlling a
speaker emitting an audible signal at the beginning or completion
of a sterilization cycle; (K) controlling a plurality of LED lights
indicting a status of a sterilization cycle; (L) relaying UV light
intensity via a UV sensor to the container, the room, the space or
the defined environment; (M) uploading and relaying information
from the radiofrequency identifier; (N) generating a report on time
of a sanitization cycle; (O) generating a report on duration of a
sanitization cycle; (P) generating a report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle; (Q) emailing, phoning or
texting the report on time of a sanitization cycle; (R) emailing,
phoning or texting the report on duration of a sanitization cycle;
(S) mailing, phoning or texting the report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle; (T) emailing, phoning or
texting an alert that a sanitization cycle is in progress,
interrupted or complete; (U) emailing, phoning or texting an alert
that the at least one first UV light source or the at least one
second germicidal UV light source requires replacement; (V) logging
date, time and individual who used the portable UV device; and (W)
logging information of the container, the room, the space, or the
defined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or
has been used.
32. The portable UV device according to claim 29, wherein the
control box comprises a touchscreen interface adapted to provide an
input for a functionality selected from the group consisting of:
(A) activating the portable UV device; (B) deactivating the
portable UV device; (C) providing time input for completing a UV
sterilization of a container, a room, or a defined environment; (D)
providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container, the
room, or the defined environment; (E) setting a desired UV
intensity level; (F) adjusting a UV intensity level; and (G)
logging in a code for a user.
33. The portable UV device according to claim 29, wherein the
control box comprises an emergency shutdown button, an on/off
switch, a status indicator light or an alarm light.
34. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the at
least one germicidal UV light source or the at least one second
germicidal UV light source is connected to a detector.
35. The portable UV device according to claim 34, wherein the
detector measures a UV intensity level.
36. The portable UV device according to claim 34, wherein the
detector shuts off the at least one germicidal UV light source or
the at least one second germicidal UV light source when a specified
UV intensity level is attained.
37. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the first
lamp or the second lamp is selected from the group consisting of a
hot cathode lamp, a slimline lamp, a high output lamp, a cold
cathode lamp, a spectral calibration lamp, and an electrodeless
lamp.
38. The portable UV device according to claim 1, wherein the first
lamp or the second lamp is selected from the group consisting of
low pressure UV lamp, a medium pressure UV lamp, a high pressure UV
lamp, and an ultra high-pressure lamp.
39. The portable UV device according to claim 1, further
comprising: (vii) an optical component selected from the group
consisting of a reflector, a shutter, a lens, a splitter, and a
mirror.
40. The portable UV device according to claim 39, wherein the
optical component is a reflector and wherein the reflector
partially surrounds the at least one first germicidal UV light
source or the at least one second germicidal UV light source.
41. The portable UV device according to claim 1, further
comprising: (vii) a plurality of wheels attached to the lower
frame.
42. A portable ultraviolet (UV) device comprising: (i) a lower
frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame
end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a
second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the
lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame
into an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source
comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; (v) at
least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second
lamp and connected to the upper frame; (vi) a means for controlling
or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position
with respect to the position of the lower frame; and (vii) at least
one stop post; wherein the at least one stop post is adapted to
prevent movement of the at least one second germicidal UV light
source beyond an approximately perpendicular position with respect
to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light source;
and wherein, when not in use, the upper frame is positioned on top
of the lower frame.
43. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the at
least one first germicidal UV light source resides in a first
housing.
44. The portable UV device according to claim 43, wherein the first
housing permits UV light to pass through.
45. The portable UV device according to claim 44, wherein the
housing is made of UV fused silica, CaF.sub.2, MgF.sub.2,
BaF.sub.2, quartz, sapphire, teflon, polydimethylsiloxane, TPX.RTM.
or polymethylpentene (PMP).
46. The portable UV device according to claim 43, wherein the at
least one second germicidal UV light source resides in a second
housing.
47. The portable UV device according to claim 46, wherein the first
housing and the second housing are selected from selected from the
group consisting of a housing comprising a protective sleeve, a
housing comprising a fan cooling system, a housing comprising a
reflector, a housing attached to a bracket, a housing attached to a
central sleeve, a removable housing, a mesh cage housing, a
cylindrical housing, a housing made of a polymer, a housing made of
a metal, a housing made of plastic, a housing which may fold open,
a housing, which does not allow UV light to pass through and from
which the at least first germicidal UV light source or the at least
second germicidal UV light source can be released, and wherein the
first housing and second housing may be the same or different.
48. The portable UV device according to claim 43, wherein the
optical component is a reflector, and wherein the reflector
partially surrounds the at least one first germicidal UV light
source or the at least one second germicidal UV light source.
49. The portable UV device according to claim 42, further
comprising: (viii) a means for attaching the portable UV device to
an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture
in or at a space or defined environment.
50. The portable UV device according to claim 49, wherein (viii) is
a mounting bracket.
51. The portable UV device according to claim 49, further
comprising: (ix) a second hinge movably connecting the lower frame
to the means for attaching the portable UV device to the opening of
the container, to the fixture in the room or to the fixture in or
at the space or defined environment.
52. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the at
least one germicidal UV light source or the at least one second
germicidal UV light source is a pulsed germicidal UV light
source.
53. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein (vi)
permits the at least one second germicidal UV light source be
positioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees
with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV
light source.
54. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein (vi)
comprises a pneumatic cylinder.
55. The portable UV device according to claim 54, wherein the
second rope or cable anchoring point is a first rope post or a
second rope post attached to the mounting bracket.
56. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein (vi)
comprises a rope or cable, wherein the rope or cable is connected
to a first rope or cable anchoring point at the upper frame and
fastened to a second rope or cable anchoring point located on
either the lower frame or located on a mounting bracket movably
attached to the lower frame and wherein, upon release of the rope
or cable from the second rope or cable anchoring point, the upper
frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with
respect to the position of the lower frame.
57. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein (vi)
comprises an upper frame fixture clip, wherein the upper frame clip
is adapted to restrict movement of the upper frame, and wherein,
upon release from the upper frame fixture clip, the upper frame
moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with
respect to the position of the lower frame.
58. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein (vi)
comprises an extension spring comprising a first hook attached to a
first anchoring post and a second hook attached to a second
anchoring post.
59. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein (vi)
comprises a motor.
60. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein (vi)
comprises a winch.
61. The portable UV device according to claim 42, further
comprising: (viii) a carrying handle.
62. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the first
upper frame end and the second upper frame end each comprise at
least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and
wherein the at least one second germicidal UV light source is
attached to the at least one UV lamp socket.
63. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the first
lower frame end and the second lower frame end each comprise at
least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and
wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is
attached to the at least one UV lamp socket.
64. The portable UV device according to claim 63, wherein the upper
frame further comprises at least one cross connector and wherein
the plurality of rods penetrates the at least one cross
connector.
65. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the first
upper frame end and the second upper frame end are connected by a
plurality of rods.
66. The portable UV device according to claim 42, further
comprising: (viii) a UV sensor attached to either the lower frame
or the upper frame.
67. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the at
least one first germicidal UV light source is a member of a
plurality of first germicidal UV light sources, selected from the
group consisting of two first germicidal UV light sources, three
first germicidal UV light sources, four first germicidal UV light
sources, five first germicidal UV light sources, six first
germicidal UV light sources, seven first germicidal UV light
sources, eight first germicidal UV light sources, nine first
germicidal UV light sources, and ten first germicidal UV light
sources, and wherein members of the plurality of the first
germicidal UV light sources are the same or different germicidal UV
light sources.
68. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the at
least one second germicidal UV light source is a member of a
plurality of second germicidal UV light sources, selected from the
group consisting of two second germicidal UV light sources, three
second germicidal UV light sources, four second germicidal UV light
sources, five second germicidal UV light sources, six second
germicidal UV light sources, seven second germicidal UV light
sources, eight second germicidal UV light sources, nine second
germicidal UV light sources, and ten second germicidal UV light
sources, and wherein members of the plurality of the second
germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal
UV light sources.
69. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the
portable UV device comprises two first germicidal UV light sources
connected to the lower frame and two second germicidal UV light
sources connected to the upper frame and wherein the two first
germicidal UV light sources and the two second germicidal UV light
sources are the same or different germicidal UV light sources.
70. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the first
lamp and the second lamp are independently selected from the group
consisting of a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure
mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure
mercury lamp, a low pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium
pressure short arc xenon lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon
lamp, an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure
long arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high
pressure long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon
lamp, a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal
halide lamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultra-high
pressure metal halide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz
halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an
incandescent lamp.
71. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the at
least one first germicidal UV light source or the at least one
second germicidal UV light source is a UV-C light source.
72. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the
portable UV device is connected to a control box.
73. The portable UV device according to claim 72, wherein the
control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more
functionalities of the portable UV device or relaying a response
from the portable UV device.
74. The portable UV device according to claim 73, wherein the one
or more functionalities of the portable UV device controlled by or
relayed by the circuit board is selected from the group consisting
of: (A) communicating with a radiofrequency identifier; (B)
controlling a movement of the at least one first germicidal UV
light source or the at least one second germicidal UV light source
within a container, a room, a space or a defined environment; (C)
controlling a positioning of the at least one first germicidal UV
light source or of the at least one second germicidal UV light
source within the container, the room, the space or the defined
environment; (D) controlling activation and deactivation of the at
least one first germicidal UV light source or of the at least one
second germicidal UV light source; (E) controlling an on/off status
of the at least one first germicidal UV light source or of the at
least one second germicidal UV light source based on whether a
pre-determined UV intensity has been attained; (F) controlling
extension of the at least one first germicidal UV light source or
of the at least one second germicidal UV light source from a
housing; (G) controlling retraction of the at least one first
germicidal UV light source or of the at least one second germicidal
UV light source into the housing; (H) responding to a jammed
position status of the at least one first germicidal UV light
source or of the at least one second germicidal UV light source;
(I) controlling an optical sensor which initiates a timer upon
inserting the at least one first germicidal UV light source or the
at least one second germicidal UV light source into the container,
the room, the space or the defined environment; (J) controlling a
speaker emitting an audible signal at the beginning or completion
of a sterilization cycle; (K) controlling a plurality of LED lights
indicting a status of a sterilization cycle; (L) relaying UV light
intensity via a UV sensor to the container, the room, the space or
the defined environment; (M) uploading and relaying information
from the radiofrequency identifier; (N) generating a report on time
of a sanitization cycle; (O) generating a report on duration of a
sanitization cycle; (P) generating a report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle; (Q) emailing, phoning or
texting the report on time of a sanitization cycle; (R) emailing,
phoning or texting the report on duration of a sanitization cycle;
(S) mailing, phoning or texting the report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle; (T) emailing, phoning or
texting an alert that a sanitization cycle is in progress,
interrupted or complete; (U) emailing, phoning or texting an alert
that the at least one first UV light source or the at least one
second germicidal UV light source requires replacement; (V) logging
date, time and individual who used the portable UV device; and (W)
logging information of the container, the room, the space, or the
defined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or
has been used.
75. The portable UV device according to claim 72, wherein the
control box comprises a touchscreen interface adapted to provide an
input for a functionality selected from the group consisting of:
(A) activating the portable UV device; (B) deactivating the
portable UV device; (C) providing time input for completing a UV
sterilization of a container, a room, or a defined environment; (D)
providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container, the
room, or the defined environment; (E) setting a desired UV
intensity level; (F) adjusting a UV intensity level; and (G)
logging in a code for a user.
76. The portable UV device according to claim 72, wherein the
control box comprises an emergency shutdown button, an on/off
switch, a status indicator light or an alarm light.
77. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the at
least one germicidal UV light source or the at least one second
germicidal UV light source is connected to a detector.
78. The portable UV device according to claim 77, wherein the
detector measures a UV intensity level.
79. The portable UV device according to claim 77, wherein the
detector shuts off the at least one germicidal UV light source or
the at least one second germicidal UV light source when a specified
UV intensity level is attained.
80. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the first
lamp or the second lamp is selected from the group consisting of a
hot cathode lamp, a slimline lamp, a high output lamp, a cold
cathode lamp, a spectral calibration lamp, and an electrodeless
lamp.
81. The portable UV device according to claim 42, wherein the first
lamp or the second lamp is selected from the group consisting of
low pressure UV lamp, a medium pressure UV lamp, a high pressure UV
lamp, and an ultra high-pressure lamp.
82. The portable UV device according to claim 42, further
comprising: (viii) an optical component selected from the group
consisting of a reflector, a shutter, a lens, a splitter, and a
mirror.
83. The portable UV device according to claim 42, further
comprising: (vii) a plurality of wheels attached to the lower
frame.
84. A system comprising: (i) the portable UV device according to
claim 1; and (ii) a container, a room, a space or a defined
environment.
85. The system according to claim 84, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for
fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or
transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy
composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a container for water,
milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) a
container for a biological fluid.
86. The system according to claim 85, wherein the container for the
biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of a
container for blood, a container for a blood product, a container
for a fermentation product, a container for a cell culture product,
and a container for a biotechnology product.
87. The system according to claim 84, wherein the container, room,
space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum,
foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver,
stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white
oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a
fabric.
88. The system according to claim 84, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a vat, a silo, a tub, a
basket, a case, a box, a barrel, a storage bin, a beverage
container, and an aquarium.
89. The system according to claim 84, wherein the container is made
of stainless steel, wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, or
glass.
90. The system according to claim 84, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a container comprising an
interior surface on which a microorganism is present, a container
comprising an opening at the top of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the bottom of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the side of the container, and a container
comprising a material selected from the group consisting of wood,
plastic, concrete, polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum,
polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless
steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil
paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster, and a
fabric.
91. The system according to claim 84, wherein the container, room,
space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising a liquid layer.
92. The system according to claim 91, wherein the liquid layer
comprises a liquid selected from the group consisting of apple
juice, beer, liquid sugar, milk, vinegar, water, and wine.
93. The system according to claim 84, wherein the room, space or
defined environment is selected from the group consisting of a
commercial kitchen, a medical facility, an acute care area, an
operating room, a medical equipment storage cabinet, a clean room,
a bathroom, a waiting room, a food production area, a food
processing area, a nursery home, a trailer, a rail car, a grocery
store display case, a deli counter, a fish display case, a poultry
display case, a floral display case, a refrigerated display case, a
non-refrigerated display case, and a conveyor belt.
94. A system comprising: (i) the portable UV device according to
claim 1; and (ii) a control box, wherein the control box comprises
a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the
portable UV device.
95. The system according to claim 94, further comprising: (iii) a
case, wherein, the portable UV device, when not in use, resides
within the case.
96. The system according to claim 95, wherein the case is attached
to the control box.
97. The system according to claim 95, further comprising: (iv) a
transportation rack adapted to accommodate the control box and case
for transportation.
98. A method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of or in a
container, an interior surface of or in a room, an interior surface
of or in a space or an interior surface of or in a defined
environment, the method comprising the steps of: (a) movably and
inwardly inserting through an opening of a container, through an
opening of a room, through an opening of a space or through an
opening of a defined environment the at least one first germicidal
UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light
source of the portable UV device of claim 1; and (b) activating the
at least one first germicidal UV light source and the at least one
second germicidal UV light source; whereby the interior surface of
or in the container, the interior surface of or in the room, the
interior surface of or in the space or the interior surface of or
in the defined environment is sterilized.
99. The method according to claim 98, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for
fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or
transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy
composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a container for water,
milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) a
container for a biological fluid.
100. The method according to claim 98, wherein the container for
the biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of a
container for blood, a container for a blood product, a container
for a fermentation product, a container for a cell culture product,
and a container for a biotechnology product.
101. The method according to claim 98, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a vat, a silo, a tub, a
basket, a case, a box, a barrel, a storage bin, a beverage
container, and an aquarium.
102. The method according to claim 98, wherein the container is
made of stainless steel, wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, or
glass.
103. The method according to claim 98, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a container comprising an
interior surface on which a microorganism is present, a container
comprising an opening at the top of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the bottom of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the side of the container, and a container
comprising a material selected from the group consisting of wood,
plastic, concrete, polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum,
polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless
steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil
paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster, and a
fabric.
104. The method according to claim 98, wherein the room, space or
defined environment is selected from the group consisting of a
commercial kitchen, a medical facility, an acute care area, an
operating room, a medical equipment storage cabinet, a clean room,
a bathroom, a waiting room, a food production area, a food
processing area, a nursery home, a trailer, a rail car, a grocery
store display case, a deli counter, a fish display case, a poultry
display case, a floral display case, a refrigerated display case, a
non-refrigerated display case, and a conveyor belt.
105. The method according to claim 98, wherein the container, room,
space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum,
foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver,
stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white
oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a
fabric.
106. The method according to claim 98, wherein the container, room,
space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising a liquid layer.
107. The method according to claim 106, wherein the liquid layer
comprises a liquid selected from the group consisting of apple
juice, beer, liquid sugar, milk, vinegar, water, and wine.
108. The method according to claim 98, wherein the method further
comprises the step of: (c) programming the portable UV device to
obtain a predetermined UV light intensity.
109. The method according to claim 108, wherein step (c) comprises
an algorithm taking into account one or more of a parameter
selected from the group consisting of size of the container, the
room, the space or the defined environment, shape of the container,
the room, the space or the defined environment, intensity of the at
least one first germicidal UV light source, intensity of the at
least one second germicidal UV light source, distance of the at
least one first germicidal UV light source from the surface of the
container, the room, the space or the defined environment to be
sterilized, and distance of the at least one second germicidal UV
light source from the surface of the container, the room, the space
or the defined environment to be sterilized.
110. The method according to claim 98, wherein the method further
comprises the step of: (c) moving the at least one first germicidal
UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light
source from a first position within the container, room, space or
defined environment to a second position within the container,
room, space or defined environment.
111. The method according to claim 98, further comprising the step
of: (c) placing a detector at an interior location within the
container, room, space or defined environment, wherein the detector
is configured to measure a UV intensity level.
112. The method according to claim 98, wherein one or more species
of microorganisms is present on the surface of or in the container,
on the surface of or in the room, on the surface of or in the space
or on the surface of or in the defined environment and wherein step
(b) results in inhibiting the growth of the one or more species of
microorganisms.
113. The method according to claim 112, wherein the one or more
species of microorganisms is selected from the group consisting of
Candida, Kloeckera, Hanseniaspora, Zygosaccharomyces,
Schizosaccharomyces, Torulaspora, Brettanomyces, Pichia, Hansenula,
Metschnikowia, Debaryomyces, Saccharomycodes, Williopsis,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, Escherichia coli,
Corynebacterium diphtheria, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella
typhosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigellaflexerni, Staphylococcus
albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus,
Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus viridians, Vibrio comma,
Brettanomyces (Dekkera), lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus,
Lactobacillus, Oenococcus, Acetobacter, and Leuconostoc.
114. The method according to claim 98, wherein the at least one
first germicidal UV light source and the at least one second
germicidal UV light source each produce a UV light intensity within
a range of between 1,300 .mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 to 440,000
.mu.Ws/cm.sup.2.
115. A method for manufacturing the portable UV device of claim 1,
the method comprising the steps of: (a) attaching at least one
first germicidal UV light source to a lower frame; (b) attaching at
least one second germicidal UV light source to an upper frame; (c)
attaching a first hinge to the lower frame and to the upper frame
thereby movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame so
that the upper frame can move into an angular position with respect
to the position of the lower frame; and (d) attaching a means for
controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame into an
angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame;
whereby the portable UV device of claim 1 is manufactured.
116. The method according to claim 115, further comprising the step
of: (e) attaching at least one stop post to either the lower frame
or upper frame, wherein the at least one stop post is adapted to
prevent movement of the at least one second germicidal UV light
source beyond an approximately perpendicular position with respect
to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light
source.
117. The method according to claim 115, further comprising the step
of: (e) attaching a plurality of wheels to the lower frame.
118. A system comprising: (i) the portable UV device according to
claim 42; and (ii) a container, a room, a space or a defined
environment.
119. The system according to claim 118, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for
fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or
transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy
composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a container for water,
milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) a
container for a biological fluid.
120. The system according to claim 119, wherein the container for
the biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of a
container for blood, a container for a blood product, a container
for a fermentation product, a container for a cell culture product,
and a container for a biotechnology product.
121. The system according to claim 118, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a vat, a silo, a tub, a
basket, a case, a box, a barrel, a storage bin, a beverage
container, and an aquarium.
122. The system according to claim 118, wherein the container is
made of stainless steel, wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, or
glass.
123. The system according to claim 118, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a container comprising an
interior surface on which a microorganism is present, a container
comprising an opening at the top of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the bottom of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the side of the container, and a container
comprising a material selected from the group consisting of wood,
plastic, concrete, polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum,
polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless
steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil
paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster, and a
fabric.
124. The system according to claim 118, wherein the room, space or
defined environment is selected from the group consisting of a
commercial kitchen, a medical facility, an acute care area, an
operating room, a medical equipment storage cabinet, a clean room,
a bathroom, a waiting room, a food production area, a food
processing area, a nursery home, a trailer, a rail car, a grocery
store display case, a deli counter, a fish display case, a poultry
display case, a floral display case, a refrigerated display case, a
non-refrigerated display case, and a conveyor belt.
125. The system according to claim 118, wherein the container,
room, space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum,
foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver,
stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white
oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a
fabric.
126. The system according to claim 118, wherein the container,
room, space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising a liquid layer.
127. The system according to claim 126, wherein the liquid layer
comprises a liquid selected from the group consisting of apple
juice, beer, liquid sugar, milk, vinegar, water, and wine.
128. A system comprising: (i) the portable UV device according to
claim 42; and (ii) a control box, wherein the control box comprises
a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the
portable UV device.
129. The system according to claim 128, further comprising: (iii) a
case, wherein, the portable UV device, when not in use, resides
within the case.
130. The system according to claim 129, wherein the case is
attached to the control box.
131. The system according to claim 129, further comprising: (iv) a
transportation rack adapted to accommodate the control box and case
for transportation.
132. A method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of or in
a container, an interior surface of or in a room, an interior
surface of or in a space or an interior surface of or in a defined
environment, the method comprising the steps of: (a) movably and
inwardly inserting through an opening of a container, through an
opening of a room, through an opening of a space or through an
opening of a defined environment the at least one first germicidal
UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light
source of the portable UV device of claim 42; and (b) activating
the at least one first germicidal UV light source and the at least
one second germicidal UV light source; whereby the interior surface
of or in the container, the interior surface of or in the room, the
interior surface of or in the space or the interior surface of or
in the defined environment is sterilized.
133. The method according to claim 132, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for
fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or
transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy
composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a container for water,
milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) a
container for a biological fluid.
134. The method according to claim 132, wherein the container for
the biological fluid is selected from the group consisting of a
container for blood, a container for a blood product, a container
for a fermentation product, a container for a cell culture product,
and a container for a biotechnology product.
135. The method according to claim 132, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a vat, a silo, a tub, a
basket, a case, a box, a barrel, a storage bin, a beverage
container, and an aquarium.
136. The method according to claim 132, wherein the container is
made of stainless steel, wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, or
glass.
137. The method according to claim 132, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of a container comprising an
interior surface on which a microorganism is present, a container
comprising an opening at the top of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the bottom of the container, a container
comprising an opening at the side of the container, and a container
comprising a material selected from the group consisting of wood,
plastic, concrete, polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum,
polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless
steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil
paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster, and a
fabric.
138. The method according to claim 132, wherein the room, space or
defined environment is selected from the group consisting of a
commercial kitchen, a medical facility, an acute care area, an
operating room, a medical equipment storage cabinet, a clean room,
a bathroom, a waiting room, a food production area, a food
processing area, a nursery home, a trailer, a rail car, a grocery
store display case, a deli counter, a fish display case, a poultry
display case, a floral display case, a refrigerated display case, a
non-refrigerated display case, and a conveyor belt.
139. The method according to claim 132, wherein the container,
room, space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum,
foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver,
stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white
oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a
fabric.
140. The method according to claim 132, wherein the container,
room, space or defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising a liquid layer.
141. The method according to claim 140, wherein the liquid layer
comprises a liquid selected from the group consisting of apple
juice, beer, liquid sugar, milk, vinegar, water, and wine.
142. The method according to claim 132, wherein the method further
comprises the step of: (c) programming the portable UV device to
obtain a predetermined UV light intensity.
143. The method according to claim 142, wherein step (c) comprises
an algorithm taking into account one or more of a parameter
selected from the group consisting of size of the container, the
room, the space or the defined environment, shape of the container,
the room, the space or the defined environment, intensity of the at
least one first germicidal UV light source, intensity of the at
least one second germicidal UV light source, distance of the at
least one first germicidal UV light source from the surface of the
container, the room, the space or the defined environment to be
sterilized, and distance of the at least one second germicidal UV
light source from the surface of the container, the room, the space
or the defined environment to be sterilized.
144. The method according to claim 132, wherein the method further
comprises the step of: (c) moving the at least one first germicidal
UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light
source from a first position within the container, room, space or
defined environment to a second position within the container,
room, space or defined environment.
145. The method according to claim 132, further comprising the step
of: (c) placing a detector at an interior location within the
container, room, space or defined environment, wherein the detector
is configured to measure a UV intensity level.
146. The method according to claim 132, wherein one or more species
of microorganisms is present on the surface of or in the container,
on the surface of or in the room, on the surface of or in the space
or on the surface of or in the defined environment and wherein step
(b) results in inhibiting the growth of the one or more species of
microorganisms.
147. The method according to claim 146, wherein the one or more
species of microorganisms is selected from the group consisting of
Candida, Kloeckera, Hanseniaspora, Zygosaccharomyces,
Schizosaccharomyces, Torulaspora, Brettanomyces, Pichia, Hansenula,
Metschnikowia, Debaryomyces, Saccharomycodes, Williopsis,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, Escherichia coli,
Corynebacterium diphtheria, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella
typhosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexerni, Staphylococcus
albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus,
Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus viridians, Vibrio comma,
Brettanomyces (Dekkera), lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus,
Lactobacillus, Oenococcus, Acetobacter, and Leuconostoc.
148. The method according to claim 132, wherein the at least one
first germicidal UV light source and the at least one second
germicidal UV light source each produce a UV light intensity within
a range of between 1,300 .mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 to 440,000
.mu.Ws/cm.sup.2.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to compositions, systems
and methods for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and more
specifically, to compositions, systems and methods for UV
disinfection of a container, and more particularly to compositions,
systems and methods for UV disinfection of a container used in the
food and dairy industry or in the process of fermentation for an
alcoholic beverage. More specifically, the present invention
relates to portable UV devices and uses thereof in methods of
sterilization and sanitization of interior surfaces of containers.
The present invention also relates to compositions, systems and
methods for UV disinfection of a room, a space or a defined
environment. The present invention also relates to methods of
manufacturing portable UV devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been well established that ultraviolet (UV) light has
germicidal properties. Specifically, the mechanism by which UV
light kills microorganisms is by damaging the genetic material, the
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), of the microorganisms. Wavelengths
between 200-300 nm have been shown to initiate a photoreaction
between adjacent pyrimidines. Pyrimidine bases, such as cytosine
and thymine, have conjugated double bonds and as such absorb UV
light. The photoreaction between adjacent thymine or cytosine bases
proceeds at an exceedingly rapid rate (on the order of
picoseconds). There are two possible products. The most common is
the formation of a cyclobutane ring between the two pyrimidines (Fu
et al., 1997, Applied and Environ Microbiol 63(4):1551-1556). The
other photoproduct is a (6-4) pyrimidone. The formation of these
dimers leads to "kinks" within the structure of the DNA inhibiting
the formation of proper transcriptional and replicational
templates. Cytosine cyclobutane photodimers are susceptible to
deamination and can therefore induce point mutations, specifically
the CC (two adjacent cytosines) are converted into TT (two adjacent
thymines) via the SOS Response system in both eukaryotic and
prokaryotic organisms (Fu et al., 2008, FEMS Microbiol Rev
32(6):908-26; Eller and Gilchrest; 2000, Pigment Cell Res 13 Suppl
8:94-7). The inactivation of specific genes via point mutations is
one of the mechanisms of how UV-induced genetic damage can lead to
cell death or to the inhibition of cell replication. The inability
to form proper replicational and transcriptional templates coupled
with the increased number of point mutations leads to the
deactivation and inability to reproduce of microorganisms.
DNA, specifically has a maximum absorbency of UV light at 253.7 nm.
It has been determined that approximately 26,400
microwatt-seconds/cm.sup.2 are needed to deactivate 100% of the
most resistant bacteria (Osburne et al., 2010, Environ Microbiol;
doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02203.x).
UV light is separated into 3 distinct categories: UV-A (315-400
nm), UV-B (280-315 nm), and UV-C (200-280 nm). Since DNA optimally
absorbs UV light at 253.7 nm, it is UV-C lamps that are used in
most prior art germicidal devices. UV devices are used, e.g., to
inactivate microorganisms in laboratory settings.
UV radiation is used for disinfection in hospitals, nurseries,
operating rooms, cafeterias and to sterilize vaccines, serums,
toxins, municipal waste, and drinking waters.
Current steel vessel and container sanitation protocols involve the
use of a pressure wash using a hot water cycle to remove pigments,
colloidal deposits, and tartrates following wine fermentations.
After the hot water cycle, typically the vessels are washed with a
200 mg/L solution of hypochlorite as a sanitation cycle. This is
usually followed by a rinse with citric acid. (Boulton et al.,
Principles and Practices of Winemaking, page 210, Springer,
1.sup.st Edition, Jan. 15, 1996).
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is often used for disinfecting hospital
wastewater in order to prevent the spread of pathogenic
microorganisms, causal agents of nosocomial infectious diseases.
Chlorine disinfectants in wastewater react with organic matters,
giving rise to organic chlorine compounds such as AOX (halogenated
organic compounds adsorbable on activated carbon), which are toxic
for aquatic organisms and are persistent environmental contaminants
(Bohrerova et al., 2008, Water Research 42(12):2975-2982). Other
protocols follow the removal of pigments, colloidal deposits, and
tartrates with a wash with a caustic solution containing sodium
hydroxide (typically 3%) and further followed by a final wash with
a citric acid solution (typically 3%) to neutralize any remaining
sodium hydroxide. There are several disadvantages to using sodium
hydroxide and citric acid for sterilization. The primary
disadvantage is the necessary use of large amounts of water as a
solvent for both solutions. Any potential water saving measure is
of great value both economically and environmentally. Further, the
reduction in use of extremely caustic sodium hydroxide would be an
added environmental benefit.
Other methods currently used for sterilizing fermentation vessels
(made from metals and/or wood) include the use of ozone. Prior to
1997, ozone could only be used for sanitation and purification of
bottled drinking water in the United States, and it is widely used
around the world for this purpose today. In May 1997, an expert
panel assembled by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
declared ozone to be Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for use in
food processing in the United States. Since then, wineries have
embraced the use of ozone. Its use has been generally accepted and
documented to be effective for barrel cleaning and sanitation, tank
cleaning and sanitation, clean-in-place systems, and for general
surface sanitation. Results have shown the same degree of
sanitization as that achieved using caustic for a fraction of the
cost and wasted water.
However, in the wine industry, ozone systems tend to be mobile (a
single unit can be moved to different vessels), with multiple
operators in multiple locations. This makes it important that
safety features and ozone management systems be in place and that
the system itself be reliable and easy to operate.
Natural levels of ozone range from 0.01 ppm to 0.15 ppm and can
reach higher concentrations in urban areas. Ozone is an unstable
gas and readily reacts with organic substances. It sanitizes by
interacting with microbial membranes and denaturating metabolic
enzymes.
Ozone is generated by irradiation of an air stream with ultraviolet
(UV) light at a wavelength of 185 nm or by passing dry air or
oxygen through a corona discharge (CD technology) generator. For
low ozone concentrations (ca. 0.14% by weight, or 0.5 grams per
hour), the less expensive UV equipment is sufficient. For more
demanding situations where higher ozone concentrations (1.0% to 14%
by weight) are required, CD systems are used.
The wine industry is using both CD technology and UV (different
from the one described herein). Some manufacturers use multiple UV
tubes to achieve a desired level of output. Several manufacturers
chose to install air-cooled or water-cooled CD generators in their
systems. It is really a question of how much ozone at a certain
gallons per minute (gpm) is desired for an application. For clean
in place (CIP), 20 gpm may be desired, necessitating a larger
system, while only 10 gpm at a lower concentration may provide
satisfactory barrel washing.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set
limits for ozone exposure in the workplace. These limits are for
continuous eight-hour exposure of no more than 0.1 ppm, and a
short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 15 minutes at 0.3 ppm, not to
be exceeded more than twice per eight-hour work day. Consequently,
ozone requires monitoring in the workplace if used for
environmental or equipment sanitation using, e.g., ozone.
Ozone is known to have adverse physiological effects on humans
(Directorate-General of Labour, the Netherlands 1992, 4(92), 62).
Technically, there is no minimum threshold for ozone toxicity. Even
low concentrations of ozone produce transient irritation of the
lungs as well as headaches. Higher concentrations induce severe eye
and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic exposure to ozone
leads to respiratory tract disease and has been associated with
reported increases in tumor growth rates. Exposure to ozone levels
greater than the maximum thresholds specified by the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH)/Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
results in nausea, chest pain, coughing, fatigue and reduced visual
acuity. Thus, while ozone provides an efficient means of
sterilization, it also poses an occupational hazard to those
involved in the sterilization process.
Another bactericidal chemical frequently used to sterilize
fermentation vessels is chlorinated trisodium phosphate (TSP). It
has been well established that chlorinated TSP is an effective
germicidal agent. TSP, however, is also a severe irritant, capable
of inducing contact dermatitis in addition to irritating the
respiratory tract (Health Hazard Evaluation Report No.
HETA-82-281-1503; HETA-82-281-1503). Also, certain microorganisms,
such as Cryptosporidium, have developed resistance to reactive
chlorine compounds. Further, evidence is mounting that organic
chemical byproducts of chemical disinfection, especially byproducts
of chlorination, are carcinogens and/or toxins for humans. Thus,
expensive filtration devices may be required to remove the
chemicals. Further, systems based on filtration require frequent
replacement and/or cleaning of the filters. In addition, use of
chlorinated TSP requires large quantities of water as a solvent and
to extensively rinse the container following chemical
sterilization. Also, chlorinated compounds are notorious for
causing wine fouling. Thus, chemical disinfection is not a viable
alternative when chemical purity of a fluid or alcoholic beverage
in a fermentation vessel is desired or required.
Ozone sterilization was originally used to purify blood in the late
1800s. In the 1900s, ozonated water was in use for the treatment of
multiple types of disease. In the first World War, ozone was used
to treat wounds, gangrene and the effects of poisonous gas. Thus,
throughout the time period, toxic and/or carcinogenic chemicals
have been used in the sterilization of containers used for
fermenting alcoholic beverages.
Using the chemical disinfection or ozone disinfection methods,
there is also no established protocol for verifying the level of
sterilization achieved by using those methods.
Sanitization of food-containing equipment or food-containing
containers is a growing concern in the world. An increasing number
of people fall ill each year by being exposed to contaminated food
or food kept in contaminated containers.
Thus, there is a need in the art for non-toxic and non-carcinogenic
methods, systems, and compositions useful for the sterilization of
containers, and in particular, for the sterilization of containers
for fermenting alcoholic beverages and containers for food and
dairy products. There is also a need for providing improved UV
devices, systems, and methods for the sanitization of a room, a
space or defined environment. The compositions, systems, and
methods provided herein meet these and other needs in the art.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Provided herein are portable UV devices, systems comprising a
portable UV device, methods useful for the ultraviolet (UV)
sterilization of containers and for the sanitization of rooms,
spaces and defined environments using a portable UV device, and
methods for manufacturing a portable UV device.
The present invention provides a portable UV device. In some
embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the
portable UV device is a UV device for UV sterilization of an
interior surface of a container. In some embodiments of a portable
UV device of the present invention, the portable UV device
comprises (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and
a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first
upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge
movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted
to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal
UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower
frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source
comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame. When not
in use, the upper frame is positioned on top of the lower
frame.
A portable UV device of the present invention is adapted to include
additional parts and components. In some embodiments, the at least
one first germicidal UV light source resides in a first housing. A
variety of housings can be used in the portable UV devices. In some
embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the
first housing permits UV light to pass through. A housing that
permits UV light to pass through, can be made of a variety of
materials. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the
present invention, a housing is made of UV fused silica, CaF.sub.2,
MgF.sub.2, BaF.sub.2, quartz, sapphire, teflon,
polydimethylsiloxane, TPX.RTM. or polymethylpentene (PMP). A
preferred material is teflon.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device further comprises a means for
attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a
fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined
environment. A variety of such means can be used for that purpose.
In some embodiments, this means is a mounting bracket.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device further comprises a second hinge
movably connecting the lower frame to the means for attaching the
portable UV device to the opening of the container, to the fixture
in the room or to the fixture in or at the space or defined
environment.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device further comprises a means for
controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame to an
angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame.
In some embodiments, this means permits the at least one second
germicidal UV light source be positioned at an angle ranging from
about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the at
least first germicidal UV light source.
A variety of means can be used for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, this means
comprises a pneumatic cylinder.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame comprises a rope or cable, wherein
the rope or cable is connected to a first rope or cable anchoring
point at the upper frame and fastened to a second rope or cable
anchoring point located on either the lower frame or located on a
mounting bracket movably attached to the lower frame and wherein,
upon release of the rope or cable from the second rope or cable
anchoring point, the upper frame moves from a horizontal position
to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame. In some embodiments, the second rope or cable anchoring
point is a first rope post or a second rope post attached to the
mounting bracket.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame comprises an upper frame fixture
clip, wherein the upper frame clip is adapted to restrict movement
of the upper frame, and wherein, upon release from the upper frame
fixture clip, the upper frame moves from a horizontal position to
an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame comprises an extension spring
comprising a first hook attached to a first anchoring post and a
second hook attached to a second anchoring post. In some
embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, the
second anchoring post is adapted to function as a carrying
handle.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame comprises a motor.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame comprises a winch.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device further comprises at least one
stop post. The at least one stop post is adapted to prevent
movement of the at least one second germicidal UV light source
beyond an approximately perpendicular position with respect to the
position of the at least first germicidal UV light source.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end
each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach at least one
UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one second germicidal UV
light source is attached to the at least one UV lamp socket.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the first lower frame end and the second lower frame end
each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach at least one
UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one first germicidal UV
light source is attached to the at least one UV lamp socket.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end
are connected by a plurality of rods. In some embodiments, the
upper frame further comprises at least one cross connector and the
plurality of rods penetrates the at least one cross connector.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device comprises a V sensor attached to
either the lower frame or the upper frame.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device comprises more than one first
germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, the at least one
first germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of
first germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group
consisting of two first germicidal UV light sources, three first
germicidal UV light sources, four first germicidal UV light
sources, five first germicidal UV light sources, six first
germicidal UV light sources, seven first germicidal UV light
sources, eight first germicidal UV light sources, nine first
germicidal UV light sources, and ten first germicidal UV light
sources, and wherein members of the plurality of first germicidal
UV light sources are the same or different germicidal UV light
sources.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device comprises more than one second
germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, the at least one
second germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of
second germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group
consisting of two second germicidal UV light sources, three second
germicidal UV light sources, four second germicidal UV light
sources, five second germicidal UV light sources, six second
germicidal UV light sources, seven second germicidal UV light
sources, eight second germicidal UV light sources, nine second
germicidal UV light sources, and ten second germicidal UV light
sources, and wherein members of the plurality of second germicidal
UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal UV light
sources.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the portable UV device comprises two first germicidal UV
light sources connected to the lower frame and two second
germicidal UV light sources connected to the upper frame. The two
first germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different
germicidal UV light sources. The two second germicidal UV light
sources can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources.
The two first germicidal UV light sources and the two second
germicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal
UV light sources.
A portable UV device of the present invention may comprise a
variety of first and second UV lamps. In some embodiments of a
portable UV device of the present invention, the first lamp and the
second lamp are independently selected from the group consisting of
a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high
pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low
pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon
lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure
short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium
pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high pressure long arc xenon lamp,
an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp, a low pressure metal
halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halide lamp, a high pressure
metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure metal halide lamp, a
tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp,
a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp. Preferred is a low
pressure mercury lamp.
In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present
invention, the at least one first germicidal UV light source or the
at least one second germicidal UV light source is a UV-C light
source.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a portable UV light
source is connected to a control box. The control box is adapted to
house various components and parts. In some embodiments of the
present invention, the control box comprises a circuit board
controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device
or relaying a response from the portable UV device.
A circuit board is adapted to control one or more functionalities
of the portable UV device and/or is adopted to relay a response
from the portable UV device. In some embodiments of a portable UV
device of the present invention, the one or more functionalities of
the portable UV device controlled by or relayed by the circuit
board is selected from the group consisting of: (A) communicating
with a radiofrequency identifier; (B) controlling a movement of the
germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a defined
environment; (C) controlling a positioning of the germicidal UV
light source within the container, the room or the defined
environment; (D) controlling activation and deactivation of the
germicidal UV light source; (E) relaying UV light intensity via a
UV sensor to the container, the room or the defined environment;
(F) uploading and relaying information from the radiofrequency
identifier; (G) generating a report on time of a sanitization
cycle; (H) generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle;
(I) generating a report on UV light intensity attained during a
sanitization cycle; (J) emailing, phoning or texting the report on
time of a sanitization cycle; (K) emailing, phoning or texting the
report on duration of a sanitization cycle; (L) emailing, phoning
or texting the report on UV light intensity attained during a
sanitization cycle; (M) emailing, phoning or texting an alert that
a sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete; (N)
emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light source
requires replacement; (O) logging date, time and individual who
used the portable UV device; and (P) logging information of
container, room, space, or defined environment in which the
portable UV device will be and/or has been used.
A control box is adapted to comprise a variety of features,
components and parts. In some embodiments of the present invention,
a control box comprises a touchscreen interface adapted to provide
an input for a functionality selected from the group consisting of:
(A) activating the portable UV device; (B) deactivating the
portable UV device; (C) providing time input for completing a UV
sterilization of a container, a room, or a defined environment; (D)
providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container, the
room, or the defined environment; (E) setting a desired UV
intensity level; (F) adjusting a UV intensity level; and (G)
logging in a code for a user.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a control box
comprises an emergency shutdown button, an on/off switch, a status
indicator light or an alarm light.
The present invention also provides systems comprising a portable
UV device. In some embodiments of a system, the system comprises
(a) a portable UV device comprising (i) a lower frame comprising a
first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper
frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frame
end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the
upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular
position with respect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at
least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp
and connected to the lower frame; and (v) at least one second
germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp and connected
to the upper frame; and (b) a container, a room, a space or a
defined environment.
A system of the present invention may comprise a variety of
containers. In some embodiments of a system of the present
invention, a container is selected from the group consisting of:
(A) a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a
container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid
dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a
container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated
beverage; and (D) a container for a biological fluid.
The container, the room or the defined environments of a system of
the present invention may have various interior surfaces. In some
embodiments of a system of the present invention, the container,
the room, or the defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum,
foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver,
stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white
oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a
fabric.
In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, a system
comprises (a) a portable UV device comprising (i) a lower frame
comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end;
(ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second
upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower
frame to the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into
an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light source
comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v)
at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second
lamp and connected to the upper frame; and (b) a control box,
wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one
or more functionalities of the portable UV device.
In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, the
system further comprises a case, wherein the portable UV device,
when not in use, resides. In some embodiments, the case is attached
to the control box.
In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, the
system further comprises a transportation rack adapted to
accommodate the control box and case for transportation.
The present invention further provides methods of using a portable
UV device of the present invention, preferably using a portable UV
device of the present invention in a method for UV sterilization of
an interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room
or an interior surface of a defined environment. Any portable UV
device described herein can be used in such method. In some
embodiments, a method for UV sterilization of an interior surface
of a container, an interior surface of a room or an interior
surface of a defined environment comprises the steps of (a) movably
and inwardly inserting through an opening of a container, through
an opening of a room or through an opening of a defined environment
at least one first germicidal UV light source and at least one
second germicidal UV light source of a portable UV device
comprising (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and
a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first
upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge
movably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted
to move the upper frame into an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal
UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower
frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source
comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame; and (b)
activating the at least one first germicidal UV light source and
the at least one second germicidal UV light source. Thereby, the
interior surface of the container, the interior surface of the room
or the interior surface of the defined environment is
sterilized.
Any container, room or defined environment can be sterilized using
a method of the present invention and a portable UV device of the
present invention. In some embodiments of a method for UV
sterilization of an interior surface of a container, a container is
selected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for
fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or
transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy
composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a container for water,
milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) a
container for a biological fluid.
An interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room
or an interior surface of a defined environment, may have various
interior surfaces. Methods described herein are not limited by such
surfaces. In some embodiments of a method for UV sterilization of
an interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room
or an interior surface of a defined environment, the container, the
room, or the defined environment comprises an interior surface
comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum,
foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver,
stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white
oil paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a
fabric.
The present invention further provides methods for manufacturing a
portable UV device. In particular, the present invention provides a
method for manufacturing a portable UV device comprising (i) a
lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower
frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end
and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably
connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move
the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the
position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV
light source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower
frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light source
comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame. In some
embodiments, a method for manufacturing a portable UV device
comprises the steps of attaching at least one first germicidal UV
light source to a lower frame; attaching at least one second
germicidal UV light source to an upper frame; and attaching a first
hinge to the lower frame and to the upper frame thereby connecting
the lower frame to the upper frame so that the upper frame can move
in a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect
to the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, a method
for manufacturing a portable UV device further comprises the step
of attaching a means for controlling or facilitating movement of
the upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to about 90
degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame.
Some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,
a system of the present invention, a method of use of the present
invention and a method of manufacturing a portable UV device of the
present invention are set forth below: 1. A portable ultraviolet
(UV) device comprising a lower frame comprising a first lower frame
end and a second lower frame end; an upper frame comprising a first
upper frame end and a second upper frame end; a first hinge movably
connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move
the upper frame into an angular position with respect to the
position of the lower frame; at least one first germicidal UV light
source comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame;
and at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a
second lamp and connected to the upper frame; wherein, when not in
use, the upper frame is positioned on top of the lower frame. 2.
The portable UV device according to embodiment 1, wherein the at
least one first germicidal UV light source resides in a first
housing. 3. The portable UV device according to embodiment 2,
wherein the first housing permits UV light to pass through. 4. The
portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 2 to 3,
wherein the housing is made of UV fused silica, CaF.sub.2,
MgF.sub.2, BaF.sub.2, quartz, sapphire, teflon,
polydimethylsiloxane, TPX.RTM. or polymethylpentene (PMP). 5. The
portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4,
further comprising a means for attaching the portable UV device to
an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture
in or at a space or defined environment, preferably, the means is a
mounting bracket. 6. The portable UV device according to any one of
embodiments 1 to 5, further comprising a second hinge movably
connecting the lower frame to the means for attaching the portable
UV device to the opening of the container, to the fixture in the
room or to the fixture in or at the space or defined environment.
7. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to
6, further comprising a means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame. 8. The portable UV device
according to embodiment 7, wherein the means for controlling or
facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position
with respect to the position of the lower frame permits the at
least one second germicidal UV light source be positioned at an
angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the
position of the at least first germicidal UV light source. 9. The
portable UV device according to embodiments 7 to 8, wherein the
means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper frame
to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame comprises a component selected from the group consisting of a
pneumatic cylinder; a rope or cable, wherein the rope or cable is
connected to a first rope or cable anchoring point at the upper
frame and fastened to a second rope or cable anchoring point
located on either the lower frame or located on a mounting bracket
movably attached to the lower frame and wherein, upon release of
the rope or cable from the second rope or cable anchoring point,
the upper frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular
position with respect to the position of the lower frame and
preferably the second rope or cable anchoring point is a first rope
post or a second rope post attached to the mounting bracket; an
upper frame fixture clip, wherein the upper frame clip is adapted
to restrict movement of the upper frame, and wherein, upon release
from the upper frame fixture clip, the upper frame moves from a
horizontal position to an angular position with respect to the
position of the lower frame; an extension spring comprising a first
hook attached to a first anchoring post and a second hook attached
to a second anchoring post, preferably, the second anchoring post
is adapted to function as a carrying handle; a motor; and a winch.
10. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to
9, further comprising at least one stop post; wherein the at least
one stop post is adapted to prevent movement of the at least one
second germicidal UV light source beyond an approximately
perpendicular position with respect to the position of the at least
first germicidal UV light source. 11. The portable UV device
according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the first
upper frame end and the second upper frame end each comprise at
least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket and
wherein the at least one second germicidal UV light source is
attached to the at least one UV lamp socket. 12. The portable UV
device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the
first lower frame end and the second lower frame end each comprise
at least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket
and wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is
attached to the at least one UV lamp socket. 13. The portable UV
device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the
first upper frame end and the second upper frame end are connected
by a plurality of rods. 14. The portable UV device according to
embodiment 13, wherein the upper frame further comprises at least
one cross connector and wherein the plurality of rods penetrates
the at least one cross connector. 15. The portable UV device
according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, further comprising a
UV sensor attached to either the lower frame or the upper frame.
16. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to
15, wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is a
member of a plurality of first germicidal UV light sources,
selected from the group consisting of two first germicidal UV light
sources, three first germicidal UV light sources, four first
germicidal UV light sources, five first germicidal UV light
sources, six first germicidal UV light sources, seven first
germicidal UV light sources, eight first germicidal UV light
sources, nine first germicidal UV light sources, and ten first
germicidal UV light sources, and wherein members of the plurality
of first germicidal UV light sources are the same or different
germicidal UV light sources. 17. The portable UV device according
to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the at least one second
germicidal UV light source is a member of a plurality of second
germicidal UV light sources, selected from the group consisting of
two second germicidal UV light sources, three second germicidal UV
light sources, four second germicidal UV light sources, five second
germicidal UV light sources, six second germicidal UV light
sources, seven second germicidal UV light sources, eight second
germicidal UV light sources, nine second germicidal UV light
sources, and ten second germicidal UV light sources, and wherein
members of the plurality of second germicidal UV light sources can
be the same or different germicidal UV light sources. 18. The
portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17,
wherein the portable UV device comprises two first germicidal UV
light sources connected to the lower frame and two second
germicidal UV light sources connected to the upper frame and
wherein the two first germicidal UV light sources and the two
second germicidal UV light sources are the same or different
germicidal UV light sources. 19. The portable UV device according
to any one of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the first lamp and the
second lamp are independently selected from the group consisting of
a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high
pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low
pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon
lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure
short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium
pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high pressure long arc xenon lamp,
an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp, a low pressure metal
halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halide lamp, a high pressure
metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure metal halide lamp, a
tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp,
a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp. 20. The portable UV device
according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the at least
one first germicidal UV light source or the at least one second
germicidal UV light source is a UV-C light source. 21. The portable
UV device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the
portable UV device is connected to a control box. 22. The portable
UV device according to embodiment 21, wherein the control box
comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities
of the portable UV device or relaying a response from the portable
UV device. 23. The portable UV device according to embodiment 22,
wherein the one or more functionalities of the portable UV device
controlled by or relayed by the circuit board is selected from the
group consisting of: communicating with a radiofrequency
identifier; controlling a movement of the germicidal UV light
source within a container, a room or a defined environment;
controlling a positioning of the germicidal UV light source within
the container, the room or the defined environment; controlling
activation and deactivation of the germicidal UV light source;
relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to the container, the
room or the defined environment; uploading and relaying information
from the radiofrequency identifier; generating a report on time of
a sanitization cycle; generating a report on duration of a
sanitization cycle; generating a report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting
the report on time of a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or
texting the report on duration of a sanitization cycle; emailing,
phoning or texting the report on UV light intensity attained during
a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a
sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete;
emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light source
requires replacement; logging date, time and individual who used
the portable UV device; and logging information of a container, a
room, or a defined environment in which the portable UV device will
be and/or has been used. 24. The portable UV device according to
any one of embodiments 21 to 23, wherein the control box comprises
a touchscreen interface adapted to provide an input for a
functionality selected from the group consisting of: activating the
portable UV device; deactivating the portable UV device; providing
time input for completing a UV sterilization of a container, a
room, or a defined environment; providing time elapsed for UV
sterilization of the container, the room, or the defined
environment; setting a desired UV intensity level; adjusting a UV
intensity level; and logging in a code for a user. 25. The portable
UV device according to any one of embodiments 21 to 24, wherein the
control box comprises an emergency shutdown button, an on/off
switch, a status indicator light or an alarm light. 26. A system
comprising (i) a portable UV device according to any one of
embodiments 1-25; and (ii) a container, a room, a space or a
defined environment. 27. The system according to embodiment 26,
wherein the container is selected from the group consisting of: a
container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage; a container for
storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid
dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; a container for
water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and a
container for a biological fluid. 28. The system according to
embodiment 26, wherein the container, room, space or defined
environment comprises an interior surface comprising wood, plastic,
concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum, polished
aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless steel,
tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil paint, white
paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric. 29. A
system comprising a portable UV device according to any one of
embodiments 1 to 25; and a control box, wherein the control box
comprises a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities
of the portable UV device. 30. The system according to embodiment
29, further comprising a case, in which the portable UV device,
when not in use, resides, preferably, the case is attached to the
control box. 31. The system according to embodiment 30, further
comprising a transportation rack adapted to accommodate the control
box and case for transportation. 32. A method for UV sterilization
of an interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a
room or an interior surface of a defined environment, the method
comprising the steps of: movably and inwardly inserting through an
opening of a container, through an opening of a room or through an
opening of a defined environment the at least one first germicidal
UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UV light
source of a portable UV device according to embodiments 1 to 25;
and activating the at least one first germicidal UV light source
and the at least one second germicidal UV light source; whereby the
interior surface of the container, the interior surface of the room
or the interior surface of the defined environment is sterilized.
33. The method according to embodiment 32, wherein the container is
selected from the group consisting of: a container for fermenting
an alcoholic beverage; a container for storing or transporting a
dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry
dairy composition; a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice,
or a carbonated beverage; and a container for a biological fluid.
34. A method for manufacturing a portable UV device according to
embodiments 1-25, the method comprising the steps of: attaching at
least one first germicidal UV light source to a lower frame;
attaching at least one second germicidal UV light source to an
upper frame; and attaching a first hinge to the lower frame and to
the upper frame thereby connecting the lower frame to the upper
frame so that the upper frame can move in a position ranging from
about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the
lower frame. 35. The method according to embodiment 34, further
comprising the step of: attaching a means for controlling or
facilitating movement of the upper frame into a position ranging
from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of
the lower frame.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
above a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In the
UV device shown, a singular mobile cylindrical UV lamp is retracted
in a housing 2, here a protective sleeve. A motorized unit 1 is
mounted on top of the protective sleeve. The housing 2 is attached
to a mounting bracket 3.
FIG. 2 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
above a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In
this embodiment, the UV lamp 5 is being lowered from within a
housing 2, here a protective sleeve. The UV lamp 5 can be suspended
above the container 4 via a mounting bracket 3. The UV lamp 5 can
be raised and lowered by a motorized unit 1 mounted on top of the
housing 2.
FIG. 3 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
placed on a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In
this embodiment, the UV lamp 5 is being lowered into the interior
of the container 4. The UV device is supported by a mounting
bracket 3. The UV lamp is being lowered from a housing 2, here a
protective sleeve, by a motorized unit 1 mounted on top of the
housing 2.
FIG. 4 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
comprising four UV lamps 5 mounted on a frame 6, which can be
attached to a motorized unit 1 by a rigid rod or flexible cable 7.
In this embodiment, four UV lamps were chosen as an example to
demonstrate that the use of more than one UV lamp 5 in various
un-clustered positions is encompassed by the present invention. In
this embodiment, the UV lamps 5 are being lowered into the interior
of the container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The UV
device is supported by a mounting bracket 3. The cable or rigid rod
7 supporting the frame 6 is lowered from within a housing 2, here a
protective sleeve, by a motorized unit 1 mounted on top of the
housing 2.
FIG. 5 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. In this
embodiment, eight UV lamps 5 are mounted on an octagonal bracket 9,
which can be attached to a motorized unit 1 by a rigid rod or
flexible cable 7. In this figure, the UV lamps 5 are being lowered
into the interior of the container 4, here a cylindrical
fermentation vessel. The UV device is supported by a mounting
bracket 3. The cable or rigid rod 7 attached to a connecting plate
6 is lowered from within a housing 2, here a protective sleeve, by
a motorized unit 1 mounted on top of the housing 2. An additional
UV lamp 8 may optionally be placed at the bottom of the connecting
plate 6. The UV lamp 8 will be attached to a position on the
connecting plate 6 such that the lower surface of the container 4
will receive sufficient UV radiation to kill or inhibit the growth
of all desired microorganisms by the end of the sterilization
cycle. In another embodiment, a reflective lid is positioned
horizontally between the octagonal bracket 9 and the UV lamp 8 may
be fixed to the surface of the octagonal bracket 9 to increase the
intensity of UV light directed at the lower surface and pointing
downwards to ensure the bottom surface of the container 4 is
exposed to sufficient UV radiation.
FIG. 6 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. The UV device is
supported by a folding base plate 10, which is attached to a
central post 16 having a track 25. The device is inserted through
the top opening of a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation
vessel. The intensity of the UV radiation is monitored by a UV
detector 11, which optionally is attached to an adjustable bracket
15 allowing the detector 11 to be placed as close to the inner
surface of the container 4 as possible. The UV lamps 5 are
optionally covered in this configuration by an acrylic covering
that does not absorb UV-C light. The lamps 5 are supported by a
housing 2, which as shown in FIG. 7 may fold open. The position and
angle of the lamps 5 may be adjusted as depicted in FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. The UV device is
supported by a folding base plate 10. The UV device is inserted
through the top opening of a container 4, here a cylindrical
fermentation vessel. The UV lamps 5 are held in housings 2, which
fold open. The housings 2 are attached to a central sleeve 12 via
connecting rods 13. The position of the central sleeve 12 may be
adjusted to adjust the angle that the UV lamps 5 protrude from the
central axis. In this embodiment, the central sleeve 12 is mounted
in turn on another centrally mounted motorized sleeve 14, which can
move the entire UV device up and down within the container 4. The
intensity of the UV radiation is monitored by a UV detector 11,
which is attached to an adjustable bracket 15 allowing the detector
11 to be placed as close to the inner surface of the container as
possible. The angling of the lamps 5 also ensures the base of the
container is irradiated with UV.
FIG. 8 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. In this
embodiment, four UV lamps 5 mounted in housings 2 are mounted to a
central sleeve 12, which can be moved up and down within the
container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel, on a central
post 16, via a motorized unit 1 attached to the central sleeve 12.
The lamp housings 2 are affixed to two parallelogramming arms (not
shown in this Figure, shown in FIG. 9), which can move in a
circular motion and adjust the position of the UV lamps 5 and their
proximity to the inner surface of container 4 of varying
diameter.
FIG. 9 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different position of UV lamps 5 (same as FIG. 8, but
with UV lamps 5 extended). In this embodiment, four UV lamps 5
mounted in housings 2 are mounted to a central sleeve 12, which can
be moved up and down within the container 4, here a cylindrical
fermentation vessel on a central post 16, via a motorized unit 1
attached to the central sleeve 12. The lamp housings 2 are affixed
to two parallelogramming arms 17, which can move in a circular
motion and adjust the position of the UV lamps 5 and their
proximity to the inner surface of containers 4 of varying diameter.
In this figure the parallelogramming arms 17 are shown fully
extended. Arms 17 may also not be fully extended, i.e., form they
an angle between 0 and 90 degrees and be positioned within the
closed position (shown in FIG. 8) and the open position (shown in
FIG. 9).
FIG. 10 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration using a pulsed UV lamp 5. In this
embodiment, the pulsed UV lamp 5 is shown within a housing 2, which
contains a fan cooling system (not shown) in order to maintain the
lamp temperature within an optimal range. The entire UV device is
supported by a bracket 3, mounted on top of the container 4, here a
cylindrical fermentation vessel. The assembly holding the UV lamp 5
is attached via an arm 18, with a track 19, that allows the
position of the UV light to be adjusted horizontally via a
motorized unit 1. The positioning of the UV pulsed lamp 5 can be
optimized by a range-finding device 20 (also referred to as a
guide) mounted at position 22. The motorized unit 1 can also move
up and down a central sleeve 12, adjusting the position vertically.
Central sleeve 12 also moves up and down on central post 16, and
can telescope up covering central post 16 in order to decrease the
overall size of the device facilitating transport. Motor unit 23
mounted at the top of the central post 16 spins the central post 16
enabling the pulsed UV lamp 5 to irradiate the entire surface of
the container 4 (by moving vertically and rotating). Adjusting
bracket 24 can adjust the position of the pulsed UV lamp 5 from
vertical to horizontal (shown in FIG. 11) by moving along a track
19 at the bottom of arm 18.
FIG. 11 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different position using a pulsed UV lamp 5 (same as
embodiment as FIG. 10, but with UV lamps 5 in horizontal position).
In this embodiment, the pulsed UV lamp 5 is shown within a housing
2, which contains a fan cooling system (not shown) in order to
maintain the lamp temperature within an optimal range. The UV
device is supported by a bracket 3 placed or mounted on top of a
container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The assembly
holding the UV lamp 5 is attached via an arm 18, with a track 19,
that allows the position of the UV light to be adjusted
horizontally via a motorized unit 1. The positioning of the UV
pulsed lamp 5 can be optimized by range-finding device 20 mounted
at position 22. The motorized unit 1 can also move up and down a
central sleeve 12 adjusting the position vertically. Central sleeve
12 also moves up and down on central post 16 and can telescope up
covering central post 16 in order to decrease the overall size of
the device facilitating transport. Motor unit 23 mounted at the top
of the central post 16 spins the central post 16 enabling the
pulsed UV lamp 5 to irradiate the entire surface of the container 4
(by moving vertically and rotating). Adjusting bracket 24 (hidden)
can adjust the position of the pulsed UV lamp 5 from vertical to
horizontal (shown in FIG. 12) by moving along a track 19 at the
bottom of arm 18. In the embodiment shown, the UV lamp 5 is held
horizontally allowing the of the vessel to be bottom surface of the
vessel to be irradiated with pulsed UV light.
FIG. 12 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration using four clustered UV lamps 5.
In this embodiment, the UV lamps 5 are mounted to a housing 2 (the
housing may or may not have reflectors of various cross sections
e.g. parabolic, elliptical, or circular). The UV device is
supported to the top of a container (not shown) by a four-armed
bracket 3. The clustered UV lamps 5 can move up and down a central
post 16 along a track 25. This is accomplished by a motorized unit
(not shown here) located between the clustered UV lamps 5 in
position 26. The bracket 3 can be used to attach the UV device to a
container. Alternatively, the bracket 3 can also function as a base
plate or stand similar to base plate 10 as shown, e.g., in FIG. 7
In such configuration, the UV device may be positioned on a surface
of a container, e.g., on an interior bottom surface of a container
(e.g., see FIG. 7) or on an upper exterior surface of a container
(e.g., see FIGS. 25, 29).
FIG. 13 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration using two sets of four clustered
UV lamps 5. In this embodiment, the UV lamps 5 are mounted to a
housing 2 (the housing may or may not have reflectors of various
cross sections e.g., parabolic, elliptical, or circular). This
embodiment is preferred for use within a horizontal container. The
UV device is supported to the top of a container (not shown) by a
horizontal stand 28 The clustered UV lamps 5 can move horizontally
along a central post 16 along a track 25. This is accomplished by a
motorized unit located between the clustered lamps in position 26.
The central post 16 is telescoping allowing one half to slide into
the other at position 27. This allows the length of the UV device
to be adjusted to the length of the container. Two clusters of UV
lamps 5 are shown to demonstrate that more than one cluster of UV
lamps 5 can be used.
FIG. 14 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. In this
embodiment, the UV lamps 5 are mounted on a lid 29, such as a
hinged lid 30, to a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation
vessel. A removable bracket 31 providing support for a system
comprising one or more UV detectors 11 is mounted along the inner
surface of the container 4. These UV detectors 11 ensure sufficient
intensity of UV radiation required to kill or inhibit growth of
unwanted microorganisms has reached all interior surfaces of the
container 4. In this embodiment, the UV lamps 5 are mounted to
frame 6 and lowered via a cable 7 (not shown, shown in FIG. 15)
attached to a motorized unit 1. A reflector 32 may optionally be
mounted to the lower surface of the lid 29.
FIG. 15 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different position of UV lamps 5 (same embodiment as FIG.
14 but now with the frame 6 and UV lamps 5 lowered). A removable
bracket 31 (not shown here, shown in FIG. 14) providing support for
a system comprising one or more UV detectors 11 (shown in FIG. 14)
is mounted along the inner surface of the container 4. These UV
detectors 11 ensure sufficient intensity of UV radiation required
to kill or inhibit growth of unwanted microorganisms has reached
all surfaces of the container 4. In this embodiment, the UV lamp
assembly is guided down the container 4 by nylon blocks 33 attached
to frame 6. The lowering of the UV lamp assembly occurs via a
motorized unit 1, to which the UV lamp assembly is attached via a
cable 7. The lowering of the UV lamp assembly is optional. It can
remain at the top of the vessel situated just below the lid 29. In
some embodiments, the motorized unit moves the UV lamp assembly in
a circular manner.
FIG. 16 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
showing a different configuration of a pulsed UV lamp 5. The pulsed
UV lamp 5 is shown within a housing 2, which contains a fan cooling
system (not shown) in order to maintain the lamp temperature within
an optimal range. The assembly holding the UV lamp 5 (e.g., a
pulsed UV lamp) attached via an arm 18 with a track 19 that allows
the position of the UV lamp 5 to be adjusted horizontally via a
motorized unit 1. The motorized unit 1 can also move up and down a
central sleeve 12 adjusting the position vertically. Central sleeve
12 also moves up and down on central post 16 that can be a
permanent integral component of the container 4, here a cylindrical
fermentation vessel. Motor unit 23 mounted at the top of the
central sleeve 12 spins the central sleeve 12 enabling the pulsed
UV lamp 5 to irradiate the entire surface of the container (by
moving vertically and rotating). The assembly holding the UV lamp 5
is attached via an arm 18 with a track 19 that allows the position
of the UV lamp 5 to be adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit
1. A post or boss 34 at position 35 further enhances the stability
of central post 16 once the UV device is mounted and lid 29 is
closed.
FIG. 17 provides a variety of commercially available UV lamps of
different length, shape, and type useful in the present invention
(American Air & Water Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926,
USA). For each UV lamp, the UV-C output is provided in watts and
the UV intensity is provided in UV .mu.W/cm.sup.2 at 1 m. Length as
indicated reflects nominal length with standard lamp holders adding
2'' overall length. Additional lamp lengths and types are
available. *, Ozone is negligible unless noted as OZ for high or VH
for very high ozone production.
FIGS. 18A-D schematically depict cross sections of four
commercially available reflectors (Hill Technical Sales Corp.) for
use in the present invention. The upper two cross sections of the
reflectors shown in FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B are elliptical and
provide a line source of UV light. One focal point of the ellipse
is located at the center of the UV lamp the other focal point is
positioned approximately 1.75'' or 3.5'' (depending on reflector
used) from the bottom edge of the reflector to the surface being
irradiated. The lower two cross sections of the reflectors shown in
FIG. 18C and FIG. 18D are parabolic and provide a collimated UV
radiation source. The reflectors bottom edge preferably are located
4 to 5 inches from the surface being irradiated.
FIGS. 19A and 19B schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device
of the present invention referred to herein as linear actuator or
scissor boom wherein the central post 16 is a scissor boom. Two
configurations are shown: FIG. 19A, scissor boom folded; FIG. 19B,
scissor boom extended. A UV lamp cluster housing 36 is attached to
the outer end of the scissor boom. The UV lamp cluster housing
houses a cluster of UV lamps (not shown in Figure). A linear
actuator 37 pushes a scissor mechanism 38 up and down a first slide
rail 39 located at the inner end (first end) of the scissor boom
and allows the length of the scissor boom to be varied according to
the diameter of the container into which it is inserted and/or
mounted to. A second sliding rail 40, located at the outer end
(second end) of the scissor boom allows the scissor boom to expand
and contract in length. Once in place, the UV lamp cluster (not
shown in Figure) is dropped from its UV lamp cluster housing 36 and
lowered down the central axis of the container. Arrows indicate
pivot points. A sensor, e.g., a range-finding device (20, not shown
in Figure) may also be attached to the second end of the scissor
boom and will determine the length to which the scissor boom
expands.
FIGS. 20A and 20B schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device
of the present invention referred to herein as bulb cluster
assembly wherein the central post 16 is a central bar. FIG. 20A.
closed configuration; FIG. 20B, open configuration. In this
embodiment, the bulb cluster assembly is shown without a protective
housing. In other embodiments, the UV lamps 5 are in a protective
housing when not in use. Three UV lamps 5 are attached via pins 41
to an upper plate 42. When dropped out of a protective housing (not
shown), a spring 43 on each UV lamp (only shown for one UV lamp in
Figure) forces the UV lamps out to a 15 degree angle. A central bar
44 attaches to a lower plate 45 to the upper plate 42. As the
cluster is retracted back into the protective cover, the UV lamps
are forced back into a vertical position and are held in place by
the lower plate 45.
FIGS. 21-25 consisting of subparts A-G as indicted below,
schematically depict several views of an exemplary embodiment of a
UV device of the present invention comprising a telescopic arm as a
means for moving a UV light source, here shown as a UV lamp
cluster, into a desired or predetermined position. The UV device is
shown schematically in various configurations: in its folded
position (FIGS. 21A-G), in its load position (FIGS. 22A-G), in its
payout position (FIGS. 23A-G), in its horizontal position (FIGS.
24A-G), and in its UV lamp down position (FIGS. 25A-C). Individual
parts of this UV device are shown in detail in some of FIGS. 21-25,
however, because of providing different overall views of this UV
device, not all details or individual parts will be apparent in
each of FIGS. 21-25.
FIG. 21A schematically depicts a top view of the UV device having a
telescopic arm in its folded position. UV lamps 5 are clustered in
a UV lamp cluster and are within a housing 2, here a UV mesh cage,
which allows UV light to pass through. The UV lamps 5 are attached
to a frame 6 and an upper plate 42. The upper plate 42 is connected
to a UV lamp pivot arm 49 allowing the UV lamp cluster to be
positioned in a desired position. The UV lamp pivot arm 49 is
attached to a UV lamp stop block 50. A mounting bracket 3, also
referred to as hanger, is used to attach the UV device to a
container (not shown). The mounting bracket 3 is attached to a
pulley mount arm 51, to which also other parts of the UV device can
be attached, such as the motorized unit 1 (also referred to as
motor) and a winch 48. The mounting bracket (hanger) 3 comprises
one or more hanger support bars 52, a clamp post 53 and a
tightening screw 78 for firmly attaching the UV device to a
container. A motorized unit 1 (also referred to as motor) is
connected to a reel assembly 54, which is mounted to the pulley
mount arm 51. A motorized unit 1 or gravity extends the telescoping
arm 46 consisting of multiple telescoping units 47 shown here as
slided into each other, from the folded and load position (FIGS.
22A-G) into the payout position (FIGS. 23A-G). As shown
schematically in this embodiment, the motor 1 is connected to a
reel assembly 54 (shown in greater detail in FIGS. 21 E-G). The
motor 1 connects to the reel assembly 54 via a reel assembly motor
unit 55 and a motor coupler 56. As shown in this embodiment, the
reel assembly 54 comprises a reel assembly idler post 57 for
mounting the reel assembly 54 to the pulley mount bar 51, a reel
assembly top plate 58, one or more reel assembly flanges 59, a reel
assembly hub 60, and a reel assembly drive post 61. A winch 48
mounted on the pulley mount arm 51 moves the telescoping arm 46 and
the telescoping units 47 from a payout position (FIGS. 23A-G) into
a horizontal position (FIGS. 24A-G). As shown in this embodiment,
the winch 48 comprises a winch pulley guide 62, a winch guide
pulley shaft 63, a winch shaft 64, a winch hub 65, a winch top
plate 66, one or more winch flanges 67, a winch ratchet retainer
68, a pawl 69, and a crank or handle 70. The outer telescoping unit
47 of the telescopic arm 46 is attached to the bottom part of the
pulley mount arm 51 by one or more cross member support bars 71 and
a cross bar stop plate 72. One end of the outer telescopic unit 47
is connected to a telescopic arm pivot 73 allowing the telescoping
arm to be moved from the loaded (FIGS. 22A-G) or payout position
(FIGS. 23A-G) into a horizontal position (FIGS. 24A-G) and back
into the loaded or payout position.
FIG. 21B schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having
a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIG. 21A. A lifting eye 74 having a
lifting eye base 75 and a lifting eye side support 76 (better shown
e.g., in FIGS. 21E, F) is attached to the outer telescoping unit 47
and to the pulley mount arm 51.
FIG. 21C schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A, B.
FIG. 21D schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-C A cable 7 functions as a
lamp holder and for vertically extending the position of the UV
light source (here a UV lamp cluster) towards the bottom of a
container (not shown). The cable 7 attaches the UV light source
through the inner telescoping unit 47 to the reel assembly 54.
FIG. 21E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts
are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-D.
FIG. 21F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts
are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-E.
FIG. 21G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts
are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 22A schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and
numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F. A manhole or port 77 provides
for access to the container from the top of the container and
allows, e.g., for pressure washing devices to be attached and for
attaching of a UV device of the present invention.
FIG. 22B schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having
a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 22C schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and
numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 22D schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown and
numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 22E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are
shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 22F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are
shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 22G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are
shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 23A schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 23B schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having
a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 23C schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 23D schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown
and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 23E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts
are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 23F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts
are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 23G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts
are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 24A schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are
shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 24B schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are
shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 24C schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having a
telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are
shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 24D schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having
a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are
shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 24E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual
parts are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 24F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual
parts are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 24G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device
having a telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual
parts are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 25A schematically depicts a top view of a UV device attached
to a container 4 and having a telescopic arm in its UV lamp down
position. FIG. 25B shows a schematic side view of a UV device
attached to the container 4 and having a telescopic arm in its UV
lamp down position. FIG. 25C shows a schematic isometric view of a
UV device attached to a container 4 and having a telescopic arm in
its UV lamp down position. Individual parts are shown and numbered
as described in FIGS. 21A-F.
FIG. 26 consists of FIG. 26A, FIG. 26B, FIG. 26C and FIG. 26D
arranged as shown and schematically depicts an exemplary circuit
board used in an embodiment of the present invention. The circuit
board, which provides for several functionalities, can be attached
to a UV device and, e.g. communicates with an RFID chip that can be
mounted to an interior wall of the container. Once information is
retrieved from the RFID chip, the circuit board will control
movement, the length of which the telescopic arm descends (i.e.,
the length to which the telescoping units 47 move the UV light
source into a vertical downwards position) and the rate of descent
based on tank dimensions stored in the RFID chip. As one of
ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the exemplary circuit
board shown, comprises a TI module (part number shown) and a serial
port. Also shown on the board are relays to control a motor and the
positioning of the UV light source. In some embodiments is also a 5
VDC regulator to power the electronics. In the exemplary circuit
board shown, the RFID tag part number is also shown. Other
functionalities of a circuit board are described herein.
FIGS. 27A through 27G schematically depict a UV device mountable to
the ceiling or wall of a room. As one of ordinary skill in the art
will appreciate the UV device can also be mounted to a ceiling of
an appropriately sized container. In this particular embodiment, UV
lamps are arranged in UV lamp clusters. More specifically, five UV
lamp clusters are shown, one stationary UV lamp cluster and four
retrievable UV lamp clusters each comprising three UV lamps 5. The
UV device shown may be referred to as UV light box. In the
embodiment shown, the UV device comprises (i) UV lamps, 5, (ii) a
light box, 79, comprising a back wall, 80, (iii) a hinge or UV lamp
module swing, 81, (iv) a UV lamp holder, and (v) a UV lamp head
connector, 83, for connecting the UV lamps. FIG. 27A shows a
perspective view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an
exposed position. FIG. 27B shows a bottom view of the UV light box
with the UV lamps in a closed position. FIG. 27C shows a back view
of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position. FIG.
27D shows a side view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an
exposed position. FIG. 27E shows a top view of the UV light box
with the UV lamps in an exposed position. FIG. 27F shows a front
view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position.
FIG. 27G shows a bottom view of the UV light box with the UV lamps
in an exposed position.
FIGS. 28A through 28H schematically depict details of an embodiment
of a UV device of the present invention.
FIG. 28A schematically depicts a front view of an embodiment of a
UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is
retracted in a housing. Housing 2, base plate 10, central sleeve
12, hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central sleeve
tightening knob 86, translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc 89,
power cord 90, handle 91, handle cap 92, metal sleeve attachment
ring 95, power supply access plate 97, optical switch 98. In this
embodiment, the power supply access plate is attached to the
central sleeve by six screws.
FIG. 28B schematically depicts a top view of an embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is
retracted in a housing. Base plate 10, hanging hook 84,
on/off/reset button 85, central sleeve tightening knob 86, power
cord 90, metal sleeve attachment ring 95.
FIG. 28C schematically depicts a bottom view of an embodiment of a
UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is
retracted in a housing. Housing 2, UV lamp 5, base plate 10,
central sleeve 12, stopping plate 88.
FIG. 28D schematically depicts a front view of an embodiment of a
UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is
released from a housing. Housing 2, UV lamp 5, base plate 10,
central sleeve 12, hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central
sleeve tightening knob 86, translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc
89, power cord 90, handle 91, handle cap 92, UV lamp socket/adaptor
94, metal sleeve attachment ring 95, power supply access plate 97,
optical switch 98. In this embodiment, the power supply access
plate is attached to the central sleeve by six screws.
FIG. 28E schematically depicts a detail of an embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, wherein a cover of a central
sleeve (power supply access plate 97) is opened to show inner
compartments of the central sleeve 12 harboring, among others, a
circuit board 103 and a ballast/power supply 96. Housing 2, central
sleeve 12, central sleeve tightening knob 86, translucent plastic
ring 87, metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle 91, handle cap 92,
metal sleeve attachment ring 95, power supply 96, power supply
access plate 97, optical switch 98, circuit board cavity 99, power
supply cavity 100, AC to DC power converter 101, electronic
component 102, circuit board (micro controller) 103, connector and
wires (to e.g., LED, optical switch, acoustic speaker) 104,
connector and wires to UV light source (e.g., UV lamp 5) 105,
connector and wires to power supply 106.
FIG. 28F schematically depicts an upper side view of a detail of an
embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV
light source is retracted in a housing. Housing 2, base plate 10,
central sleeve 12, hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central
sleeve tightening knob 86, metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle 91,
handle cap 92, metal sleeve attachment ring 95.
FIG. 28G schematically depicts a side view of an embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is
released from a housing. Housing 2, UV lamp 5, base plate 10,
central sleeve 12, UV lamp socket/adaptor 94.
FIG. 28H schematically depicts a UV light source, here a
longitudinal UV light bulb. UV lamp 5, pins for UV lamp 93.
FIG. 29A schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of the
present invention positioned on top of a container 4 having a lid
29, wherein the central sleeve 12 of the UV device shown in FIGS.
28A, D-G has been moved downwardly through an opening in the lid 29
into the container 4. Housing 2, container 4, base plate 10, lid
29, hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central sleeve
tightening knob 86, translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc 89,
power cord 90, handle 91, handle cap 92, metal sleeve attachment
ring 95, container support stand 115.
FIG. 29B schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of the
present invention positioned on top of a container 4 having a lid
29, wherein the central sleeve 12 of the UV device shown in FIGS.
28A, D-G has been moved downwardly through an opening in the lid 29
into the container 4 and wherein the UV light source has been
released from the housing 2. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5,
base plate 10, lid 29, hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85,
central sleeve tightening knob 86, translucent plastic ring 87,
metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle 91, handle cap 92, metal
sleeve attachment ring 95, container support stand 115.
FIG. 30 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention
attached to the top of a container and wherein the UV light source
has been inserted through an opening of the container 4 downwardly
into the container 4. The UV device shown here comprises a
plurality of UV lamps 5 arranged in a UV lamp cluster. Housing 2,
container 4, UV lamp(s) 5, manhole or port 77, power cord 90,
anchor 107, anchor line 108, anchor connector 109, angled top of
container 110, UV lamp cluster line 111.
FIGS. 31A and 31B schematically depict the insertion of a UV light
source into a container 4 by inserting the UV light source through
an opening at the side of the container 4. In FIG. 31A, the UV lamp
5 is shown in the housing 2. In FIG. 31B the UV lamp 5 is released
from the housing 2, The housing 2 slides back on a central sleeve
12. While the UV light source is inserted through an opening at a
side of a container, the container itself may be positioned to
reside on its side so that the UV light source can be moved
inwardly into the container from a bottom position. In such
configuration, as shown in FIGS. 31A and 31B, the movement of the
UV light source within the container is upwardly. Alternatively, a
container having an opening on a side wall, may be positioned so
that the opening resides on top of the container and the UV light
source is inserted into the container and moves downwardly into the
container. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5, base plate 10 (here a
tripod-like support stand), central sleeve 12, lid 29.
FIG. 32 schematically depicts a UV light source positioned at the
bottom of a container 4. The UV light source has been inserted into
the container 4 through an opening at the side of the container.
Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5, base plate 10 (here a
tripod-like support stand), central sleeve 12, lid 29, manhole or
port 77, In this embodiment, the UV light source comprises a
plurality of UV lamps 5 arranged in a UV lamp cluster. In some
embodiments, the central sleeve 12 can be extended to permit an
upwardly extension and an upwardly positioning of the UV lamps
5.
FIG. 33 schematically depicts a UV light source attached to a
movable object having wheels. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5,
base plate 10 (here a simple support stand), central sleeve 12, lid
29, manhole or port 77, movable object 112, horizontal arm 113,
wheels 114, support stand for container 115. In this embodiment,
the UV light source comprises a plurality of UV lamps 5 arranged in
a UV lamp cluster. In some embodiments, the central sleeve 12 can
be extended to permit an upwardly extension and an upwardly
positioning of the UV lamps 5.
FIG. 34A schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of the
present invention, wherein a UV light source is released from a
housing 2 via a motorized unit 1 and by gravity. Shown to the right
is an enlargement of the interface 117 showing buttons for
activating (Start) and deactivating (Stop) the UV device. An
optional timer shows the time remaining for completing a
sterilization cycle. Motorized unit 1, housing 2, UV lamp 5, power
cord 90, handle 91, UV lamp socket/adaptor 94, twist lock 116,
interface 117, pivot point 118 on housing 2.
FIGS. 34B and 34C schematically depict an attachment of the UV
device of FIG. 34A at the top of a closed container 4 and the
insertion of the central sleeve 12, housing 2 and UV lamp 5 into
the container 4. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5, power cord 90,
container support stand 115. FIG. 34B, upper, schematically depicts
a top view of a 15 feet (15') container showing a manhole or port
77 through which the UV device can be inserted. Lines 119 radiating
from the manhole or port 77 are steel support structures on top of
the container. FIG. 34B, lower, shows the housing 2 being extended
into a 90 degree angle position with respect to the central sleeve
12 FIG. 34C, upper, schematically depicts a top view of a 20 feet
(20') container showing a manhole or port 77 through which the UV
device can be inserted. Lines 119 radiating from the manhole or
port 77 are steel support structures on top of the container. FIG.
34C, lower, shows the lowering of the UV lamp 5 downwardly into the
container 4. The distance of lowering the UV lamp 5 towards the
bottom of the container (inwardly and downwardly movement) can be
calculated to stop short of the bottom of the shortest container
and will be sufficient for the tallest container as long as the
distance to the bottom of the container is smaller than the
distance to the furthest wall of the container (FIG. 34B). In a
taller wider container, the UV light irradiation might stop short
of reaching an outer wall, but still sufficient to illuminate the
bottom of the container more than the walls (FIG. 34C). The UV
device can be configured so that the UV light source (UV lamp 5)
can be centered within the container.
FIGS. 35A and 35B schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device
of the present invention. FIG. 35A depicts a UV light source
completely retracted into the central sleeve 12 of a UV device
standing in an upright position on its base plate 10. Motorized
unit 1, central sleeve 12, handle 91, interface 117. An enlargement
of the interface 117 showing buttons for up and down movement of
the UV lamp and a timer is shown in the upper left part of FIG.
35A.
FIG. 35B schematically depicts the release of the housing 2 and UV
lamp 5 from the central sleeve 12 by gravity and a motorized unit
1. Attached to the socket 94 into which the UV lamp 5 is inserted
is a guide or range finding device 20 (here schematically a laser
depth guide). The broken arrow indicates that the housing 2 can be
positioned in an angle ranging from about 0 degree to about 90
degrees with respect to the central sleeve 12. Housing 2, UV lamp
5, central sleeve 12, guide or range-finding device 20, UV lamp
socket/adaptor 94, pivot point 118 within housing 2.
FIGS. 36A-D schematically depict a circuit board used in an
embodiment of the present invention, UV device UV55. This circuit
board includes an optical sensor which begins a timer once the unit
is inserted into a drum or container. It also controls a small
speaker that emits an audible beep once the cycle has begun and
upon completion. It further controls a series of small LED lights
that signify at what time point of the cycle the UV55 is in and
form a rotating pattern once at the 12 minutes have elapsed. This
indicates completion of the cycle for the largest container (550
gallon portable tank) the UV55 was intended for. The LED bulbs
blinks once intermittently during the first minute, twice
intermittently in the second minute, three times intermittently in
the third minute and so on until the twelfth minute.
FIGS. 37A (side view), 37B and 37C (both bottom views)
schematically depict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of
the present invention wherein UV lamps 5 are arranged in a UV lamp
cluster and wherein each UV lamp 5 is surrounded by a reflector 32.
FIG. 37B schematically depicts an embodiment wherein the reflectors
32 form a contiguous surrounding attached to a central sleeve 12.
FIG. 37C schematically depicts an embodiment wherein the reflectors
32 and UV lamps 5 are attached to the housing 2. Reflectors 32
partially surround a UV lamp 5. Housing 2, UV lamp(s) 5, central
sleeve 12, handle 91, interface 117, reflector(s) 32.
FIGS. 38A (first side view) and 38B (second side view)
schematically depict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of
the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM1.
Motorized unit 1, housing 2; mounting bracket 3, UV lamp 5; frame
6, having a first side and a second side; cable 7; spring 43; reel
assembly 54; reel assembly flanges 59; cross member support bars(s)
71; handle 91; UV lamp socket/adaptor 94; first cable guide wheel
120; second cable guide wheel 121; openings 122 (within frame 6);
first track 124 on first cable guiding wheel 120; cable tightening
spring 123. Details of UV device BM1 are described herein.
FIGS. 39A-C schematically depict non-limiting dimensions of a UV
device model of the present invention, referred to herein as UV
device Model BM1. Parts are as shown for FIGS. 38A and 38B,
however, for clarity, not all parts of UV device Model BM1 are
shown in FIGS. 39A-C. In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1,
the UV device comprises an additional motor 133 driving its torque
perpendicular to its axis.
FIGS. 40A-C schematically depict the release of a UV light source
from the housing of UV device Model BM1 and the descent of the UV
light source downwardly into a container (not shown). FIG. 40A
schematically depicts the UV lamp 5 slightly protruding out of the
housing 2 and moving onto the first track 124 (not shown) of second
cable guide wheel 121. FIG. 40B schematically depicts the UV lamp 5
having moved completely across the first track 124 (not shown) of
the second cable guide wheel 121 and being attached to a cable 7
via a UV lamp socket/adaptor 94. FIG. 40C schematically depicts a
further downwardly movement of the UV light source into a container
(not shown). Housing 2, mounting bracket 3, UV lamp 5, frame 6,
cable 7, reel assembly 54, handle 91, UV lamp socket/adaptor 94,
second cable guide wheel 121. Details of UV device BM1 are
described herein. Not all parts are shown in figure.
FIG. 41 schematically depicts an attachment of UV device Model BM1
at an opening of a container and the movement of the UV light
source from a vertical position into a downwardly position within
the container. The container 4, as depicted, has two openings 77,
one at the top and one at a bottom side. Housing 2; mounting
bracket 3, container 4, UV lamp 5; frame 6; cable 7; reel assembly
54; handle 91; UV lamp socket/adaptor 94; second cable guide wheel
121; openings 122 (within frame 6). Details of UV device BM1 are
described herein. Not all parts are shown in figure.
FIG. 42 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device
Model BM2 in its stowed position, i.e., wherein the UV light source
is within its housing and the UV light source resides on top of the
frame. UV device Model BM2 comprises a UV lamp cluster of eight (8)
UV lamps 5. Motorized unit 1, housing 2; mounting bracket 3, UV
lamps 5; frame 6, having a first side and a second side; cable 7;
cross member support bars(s) 71; UV lamp socket/adaptor 94;
openings 122 (within frame 6); box 127; first cable guide wheel 128
with first track 129; second cable guide wheel 130 with second
track 131. In this embodiment, cable 7 would insert directly into
box 127 and connect with a motor and reel assembly. Optionally, UV
device model BM2 comprises a third cable guide wheel 132. The box
127 may harbor a power supply, a circuit board, a reel assembly, a
motorized unit, a LED interface, and other components as described
herein. Not all parts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2
are described herein.
FIG. 43 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device
Model BM2 in its docked position, i.e., the housing 2 and UV lamps
5 are moved into a first vertical position with respect to the
frame 6 of the UV device. Parts are as described in FIG. 42. Not
all parts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 are
described herein.
FIG. 44 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device
Model BM2 in its deployed position, i.e., the UV light source (UV
lamps 5) is released from the housing 2 and has been moved from the
first vertical position (see FIG. 43) into a second vertical
position. The second vertical position is further downwardly in the
container 4 with respect to its first vertical position (see FIG.
43). Parts are as described in FIG. 42. Not all parts are shown in
figure. Details of UV device BM2 are described herein.
FIG. 45 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device
Model BM2 in its working position, i.e., the UV light source (here
a UV lamp cluster of eight (8) UV lamps 5) is released from its
attachment at the base plate. Springs 43, UV lamp socket/adapters
94. Other parts are as described in FIG. 42. Not all parts are
shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 are described herein.
FIGS. 46A-E schematically depict various views of a non-limiting
embodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to
herein as UV device Model BM3 in its deployed position. FIG. 46A,
top view; FIG. 46B, right top view; FIG. 46C, lower view; FIG. 46D,
front view; FIG. 46E, side view. UV lamp(s) 5, frame 6, central
post 16, top plate 42, handle 91, wheels 114, pivot 118.
FIGS. 47A-C schematically depict non-limiting dimensions of a UV
device model of the present invention, referred to herein as UV
device Model BM3. Parts are as shown for FIGS. 46A-E, however, for
clarity, not all parts of UV device Model BM3 are shown in FIGS.
47A-C.
FIGS. 48A-D schematically depict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device
Model BM3 in its working operation. FIG. 48A, the UV device Model
BM3 is moved inwardly into a container 4 through an opening 77 at
the bottom of the container 4. In this position the UV light source
(here a UV lamp cluster of eight (8) UV lamps 5) resides on top of
frame 6. FIG. 48B, The UV light source is moved from its horizontal
position (see FIG. 48A) into a first vertical position within the
container 4 via a pivot arm 118. FIG. 48C schematically depicts the
UV lamps 5 at a deployed position, wherein the UV lamps 5 are
positioned at an angle with respect to each other. FIG. 48D
schematically depicts an optional feature of UV device Model BM3,
wherein the central post 16 can be extended to move the UV light
source from its first vertical position (see FIGS. 48B and 48C)
upwardly to a second vertical position within the container 4.
Container 4, UV lamp(s) 5, frame 6, central post 16, top plate 42,
opening 77 of container 4, handle 91, wheels 114, pivot 118. Not
all parts of UV device Model BM3 are shown in figure. Description
of parts is as in FIGS. 46A-E and as described herein.
FIG. 49 schematically depicts a front view of a system of the
present invention comprising a case 137, a control box 127, and a
transportation rack 140. Also shown are a touchscreen interface
135, a an on/off switch 85, a status indicator light/alarm light
136 an emergency shutdown button 134, wheels 142 and handrails 138
attached to the control box 127. Further shown are power cable 90
and cable 143 connecting the control box 127 with a portable UV
device (residing in case 137, however, not visible). Fastening
brackets 139 are attached to the transportation rack 140.
Fastenings 141 hold the case 137 and control box 127 in place
during transportation or when system is not in use. Details of
individual parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 50 schematically depicts a rear view of a system of the
present invention comprising a case 137 (a portable UV device
residing therein, however, not visible), a control box 127, and a
transportation rack 140. Parts and components are as in FIG.
49.
FIG. 51 schematically depicts a front view of a system of the
present invention comprising a portable UV device (Model UVT-4)
144, case 137, and a control box 127. Case 137 is open to show
portable UV device 144. Also shown is extension spring 165, a
second anchoring post 168 adapted to have a carrying handle at its
end, and a UV sensor 154. UV light sources 5 and housings 2
surrounding the UV light sources 5. In this exemplary embodiment of
a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family of UV devices, the housing
2 is a see-through housing; thus, housing 2 and UV light source 5
are indicated in this and the following drawing, (FIGS. 52-61 and
63-67) by 2, 5. Other parts and components are as in FIGS. 49 and
50. Further details of UV device 144 are shown in the following
drawings.
FIG. 52 schematically depicts a top rear view of a member of the
UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. The following parts and
components are indicated: housing 2 and UV light source/UV lamp 5
(2,5), mounting bracket 3, rope or cable 7, UV lamp
sockets/adapters 94, cable 143 connecting portable UV device with
control box 127 (not visible), case 137, lower frame 146, first
upper frame end 147, first lower frame end 148, bracket tightening
knob 149, first rope post 150, second rope post 151, second upper
frame end 152, second lower frame end 153, UV sensor 154,
protective rods 155, cross connector 156 on upper frame, upper
frame fixture clip 157, second hinge 174, T-shaped cap 175. Details
of individual parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 53 schematically depicts a side view of the top rear of a
member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and
components are as in FIGS. 51 and 52. In addition, bulb clamps 176,
held in place by T-shaped cap 175, are shown. Details of individual
parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 54 schematically depicts a view of the top front of a member
of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and components
are as in FIGS. 51-53. In addition, wheels 114, first hinge 145,
stop posts 159, cables 160 activating UV light sources/U lamps 5,
side plate spacer 161, first side plate 162, and second side plate
163 are shown. Details of individual parts and components are
described herein.
FIG. 55 schematically depicts a top view of the front end of a
member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and
components are as in FIGS. 51-54. In addition, a cross connector
164, connected to the lower frame 146, is shown. Details of
individual parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 56 schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a
member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an
opening 77 of a container 4 into a container 4. Parts and
components are as in FIGS. 51-55. In addition, openings 166 within
a cross connector 164 of the lower frame 146 are shown. Openings
166 through which not already a housing/UV light source 2,5 is
guided through may accommodate an additional housing/UV light
source. Also shown are fasteners 177 movably connecting the upper
frame to the lower frame and adapted to permit "swinging" of the
upper frame and UV light source(s) attached thereto into an angular
position with respect to the position of the lower frame 146 and
the UV light source(s) attached thereto. Details of individual
parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 57 schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a
member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an
opening 77 of a container 4 into a container 4. Parts and
components are as in FIGS. 51-56. The portable UV device has been
further inserted through the opening 77 as compared to FIG. 56. In
addition, a second hook 179 of the extension spring 165 and the
position of a first anchoring post 167 for extension spring 165
where the first end 178 of the extension spring 165 is connected to
cable 158 (further described herein) are shown. Details of
individual parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 58 schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a
member of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an
opening 77 of a container 4 into a container 4. The UV device is
shown further inserted into the container as in FIG. 57. Parts and
components are as in FIGS. 51-57. Details of individual parts and
components are described herein.
FIG. 59 schematically depicts temporarily attaching a member of the
UVT-4 family of portable UV devices at an opening 77 of a container
4. The portable UV device has been further inserted through the
opening 77 as compared to FIG. 58. Parts and components are as in
FIGS. 51-58. Cable 143 connects the portable UV device with the
control box 127 (not shown in figure) Details of individual parts
and components are described herein.
FIG. 60 schematically depicts moving the upper frame of a member of
the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices into an angular position
with respect to the position of the lower frame 146. Parts and
components are as in FIGS. 51-59. In addition, a first cable guide
wheel 128 for rope or cable 7, and a rope or cable anchoring point
170 at the first upper frame end 147, are shown. Details of
individual parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 61 schematically depicts a member of the UVT-4 family of
portable UV devices positioned on the bottom surface of a container
4. The upper frame and the UV light sources attached thereto have
moved from a horizontal position into a perpendicular/vertical
position with respect to the lower frame 146 and the UV light
sources attached to the lower frame 146. Parts and components are
as in FIGS. 51-60. Details of individual parts and components are
described herein.
FIG. 62 schematically depicts an extension tool for manually moving
a portable UV device within a large container, large room, or large
defined environment without a user having to crawl into or be in
that large container, large room or large defined environment. The
exemplary extension tool depicted comprises wheels 114, a top plate
171, a base plate 172 and an extension rod 173. Details of
individual parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 63 schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV
device of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. As shown, the
extension tool is connected to the portable UV device through the
mounting bracket 3 and bracket tightening know 149 fastens the
mounting bracket 3 to the top plate 171 of the extension tool. Both
the extension tool and the UV device are shown to be inserted
movably and inwardly into a container 4 through opening 77 (on side
wall of container). Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-62.
Details of individual parts and components are described
herein.
FIG. 64 schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV
device of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Both the
extension tool and the UV device are shown to be positioned on the
bottom surface of a container 4 close to the opening 77 of the
container 4. A second hinge 174 movably connecting the lower frame
146 to the mounting bracket 3 is adapted to position the extension
tool into an angular position with respect to the lower frame of
the UV device. Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-63. Details
of individual parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 65 schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV
device of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Both the
extension tool and the UV device are shown to be positioned on the
bottom surface of a container 4. The extension tool is used to
manually move the portable UV device into a desired position within
a container 4, here into the middle part of the container 4. A
second hinge 174 is adapted to position the extension tool from an
angular position with respect to the lower frame of the UV device
shown in FIG. 64 into a horizontal position (same as lower frame).
Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-64. Details of individual
parts and components are described herein.
FIG. 66 schematically depicts an upper frame (on top) and a lower
frame (on bottom) of a UV device of the UVT-4 family of potable UV
devices, with parts and components attached thereto or to be
attached thereto. Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-65,
although some are shown with a different configuration. In
addition, a T-shaped cap 175 is shown to keep bulb clamps 176 in
place. With respect to the upper frame, the figure shows the
position to which the first hinge 145 and cable 158 are attached.
With respect to both upper and lower frame, the figure shows where
fasteners 177 are used to movably connect the upper frame to the
lower frame. This exemplary embodiment, in comparison to the ones
shown in FIGS. 51-61 and 63-65 shows only two protective rods 155
on the upper frame (vs. four) and smaller and differently
configured cross connectors 156. Also, carrying handle 91 and
second anchoring post 168 for extension spring 165, have a
different configuration. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art
will appreciate that individual parts of a portable UV device
described herein can be configured differently and still serve the
function(s) as described herein. Details of individual parts and
components are described herein.
FIG. 67 schematically depicts a close-up showing attachment of the
first hinge 145 to the upper frame and the movably connection of
the upper frame to the lower frame 146 by fasteners 177. Cable 158
(not shown) is attached to the first hinge 145, runs through a
cable guide 180 on the first hinge 145 and is locked in position at
a cable anchoring point 182. Parts and components are as described
in FIGS. 51-66. Details of individual parts and components are
described herein.
FIGS. 68A, 68B, and 68C schematically depict parts of an interior
layout of an exemplary control box 127 for use in connection with a
portable UV device. The following components of an exemplary layout
are shown: L1: Input Line 1; L2: Input Line 2; F1: Fuse 1; F2: Fuse
2; 3 KVA, 460 VAC, Primary: single phase transformer input;
Secondary 230 VAC: single phase transformer output; Phase 1 red:
color coded wire (red); Phase 2 blue: color coded wire (blue); E.
STOP #1 NC Maintain: Emergency Stop (also Estop1); F3, F4, F5: 5
Amp fuses; Zcon: integrated control system for lamps from ZED;
PLC0/0.0, PLC 0: 0/1, PLC 0: 0.2: Programmable logic controller
output; 230 VAC to 24 VDC TONS: Power supply; PLC CMO: Programmable
logic controller input; 24 VDC Transformer: Transformer; PLC power
in: Programmable logic controller power input; Touch Screen power
in: Touch Screen power input; PLC CM1, PLC CM2: Programmable logic
controller input 1 and 2; 1, 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17: lines input
to lamps (Lamps A, B, C, and D); black, blue, brown, white: color
coded wires going into "pig tail connector" (corresponding to cable
143 connecting the control box with the portable UV device),
ballast cord wires; RS485: communication cable; 24 VDC+: lamp
activation indicator/pigtail connection loop; Shielded cable 18g:
shielded cable 18 gauge wire; Ground #26: ground wire; 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12: lines output to lamps; black, red, white, green:
color coded wires. Details of individual parts and components are
described herein.
FIG. 69A depicts a data set for a comparative trial testing
efficacies of steam, PAA, and UVC sanitizing methods on reduction
of total microbial loads on interior surfaces of stainless steel
tanks. The data set includes a description of all four sanitation
treatment methods performed on interior of stainless steel tanks;
the tank number; the sites sampled on each tank (ceiling, wall, and
floor); the total microbial load (includes yeast, bacteria, and
mold) determined prior to each treatment; the total microbial load
determined after each treatment; the percent CFU reduction in
microbe populations after application of sanitizer; and the
Log.sub.10 reduction in microbe populations after application of
sanitizer. Details are described in Example 10.
FIG. 69B schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing interior of
tanks with steam, PAA, and UVC on the survivability of microbial
populations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. Treatment
with caustic and PAA was performed twice: once in comparison to
steam treatment and once in comparison to UVC treatment. Microbe
survival is represented as Log.sub.10 CFU. Details are described in
Example 10.
FIG. 69C depicts a data set showing the percent CFU reduction in
microbes on ceiling, wall, and floor of stainless steel tanks after
application of the various sanitizer methods as indicated. Details
are described in Example 10.
FIG. 69D depicts a data set showing the Log.sub.10 reduction in
microbes on ceiling, wall, and floor of stainless steel tanks after
application of the various sanitizer methods as indicated. Details
are described in Example 10.
FIG. 70 A depicts the complete data set for a comparative study
testing the efficiency of chlorine dioxide (ozone) and UVC (UVT-4
Model) sanitizing methods as detailed in Example 11. The data set
includes a description of all ten treatments performed on interior
of stainless steel tanks, the tank number, the tank size, and the
tank shape used for each treatment, the sites sampled on each tank
(ceiling, wall, and floor), the total microbial load (includes
yeast, bacteria, and mold) determined prior to each treatment, the
total microbial load determined after each treatment, and the
Log.sub.10 reduction in microbe populations after application of
sanitizer.
FIG. 70B schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated
short wide stainless steel tanks after cleaning and then sanitizing
with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks 63 and
64). Details are described in Example 11.
FIG. 70C depicts Log.sub.10 reduction of microbe populations on
short wide stainless steel tanks after application of cleaner and
then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model).
Details are described in Example 11.
FIG. 70D schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated
tall thin stainless steel tanks after cleaning and then sanitizing
with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks 67 and
68). Details are described in Example 11.
FIG. 70E depicts Log.sub.10 reduction of microbe populations on
tall thin stainless steel tanks after application of cleaner and
then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model).
Details are described in Example 11.
FIG. 70F schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated
short wide stainless steel tanks after water rinsing and then
sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks
65 and 66). Details are described in Example 11.
FIG. 70G depicts Log.sub.10 reduction of microbe populations on
short wide stainless steel tanks after application of water rinse
and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4
Model). Details are described in Example 11.
FIG. 70H schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated
tall thin stainless steel tanks after water rinsing and then
sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks
69 and 57). Details are described in Example 11.
FIG. 70I depicts Log.sub.10 reduction of microbe populations on
tall thin stainless steel tanks after application of water rinse
and then sanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4
Model). Details are described in Example 11.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
I. Definitions
Throughout the present specification and the accompanying claims
the words "comprise" and "include" and variations thereof, such as
"comprises," "comprising," "includes," and "including" are to be
interpreted inclusively. That is, these words are intended to
convey the possible inclusion of other elements or integers not
specifically recited, where the context allows. No language in the
specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed
element essential to the practice of the invention.
The terms "a" and "an" and "the" and similar referents used in the
context of describing the invention (especially in the context of
the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the
singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or
clearly contradicted by context.
Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve
as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate
value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein,
each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if
it were individually recited herein. Ranges may be expressed herein
as from "about" (or "approximate") one particular value, and/or to
"about" (or "approximate") another particular value. When such a
range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one
particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly,
when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the
antecedent "about" or "approximate" it will be understood that the
particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further
understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant
both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the
other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number of
values disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein
disclosed as "about" that particular value in addition to the value
itself. For example, if the value "10" is disclosed, then "about
10" is also disclosed. It is also understood that when a value is
disclosed that is "less than or equal to the value" or "greater
than or equal to the value" possible ranges between these values
are also disclosed, as appropriately understood by the skilled
artisan. For example, if the value "10" is disclosed, the "less
than or equal to 10" as well as "greater than or equal to 10" is
also disclosed.
All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order
unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted
by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language
(e.g., "such as" or "e.g.," or "for example") provided herein is
intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not
pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise
claimed.
Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention
disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group
member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any
combination with other members of the group or other elements found
herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may
be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience
and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs,
the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified
thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used
in the appended claims.
The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and
are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or
the claims, which can be had by reference to the specification as a
whole. Accordingly, the terms defined immediately below are more
fully defined by reference to the specification in its
entirety.
Illustrations are for the purpose of describing a preferred
embodiment of the invention and are not intended to limit the
invention thereto.
The abbreviations used herein have their conventional meaning
within the mechanical, chemical, and biological arts.
As used herein, the term "about" refers to a range of values of
plus or minus 10% of a specified value. For example, the phrase
"about 200" includes plus or minus 10% of 200, or from 180 to 220,
unless clearly contradicted by context.
As used herein, the terms "amount effective" or "effective amount"
mean an amount, which produces a desired effect, such as a
biological effect. In particular, an effective amount of a UV
dosage is an amount, which inhibits the growth of a microorganism
by at least 90% (by at least 1 log reduction), by at least 99% (by
at least 2 log reduction), by at least 99.9% (by at least 3 log
reduction), by at least 99.99% (by at least 4 log reduction), by at
least 99.999% (at least 5 log reduction), or by at least 99.9999%
(at least 6 log reduction).
As used herein, the terms "connect to," connected to," "attach to"
or "attached to" or grammatical equivalents thereof mean to fasten
on, to fasten together, to affix to, to mount to, mount on, to
connect to, to join, to position onto, to position into, to place
onto, or to place into. "Attachment" means the act of attaching or
the condition of being attached. Attachment can be direct or
indirectly. For example a part A may be attached directly to part
B. Alternatively, part A may be attached indirectly to part B
through first attaching part A to part C and then attaching part C
to part B. More than one intermediary part can be used to attach
part A to part B. Attaching can be permanent, temporarily, or for a
prolonged time. For example, a UV device of the present invention
may be attached to a container temporarily for the time necessary
to perform a method of the invention. Alternatively, a UV device of
the present invention may be attached to a container or to an
object or structure in a room, a space or a defined environment for
a prolonged time, e.g., also when a method of the present invention
is not performed. Also, a UV device of the present invention may be
attached permanently to a container or to an object or structure in
a room, a space or a defined environment.
The terms "container," "vessel," or "tank" are used interchangeably
herein.
As used herein, the terms "germicidal lamp" or "germicidal UV lamp"
refer to a type of lamp, which produces ultraviolet (UV) light.
Short-wave UV light disrupts DNA base pairing causing
thymine-thymine dimers leading to death of bacteria and other
microorganisms on exposed surfaces.
As used herein, the terms "inhibiting the growth of a
microorganism," "inhibiting the growth of a population of
microorganisms," "inhibiting the growth of one or more species of
microorganisms" or grammatical equivalents thereof refer to
inhibiting the replication of one or more microorganisms and may
include destruction of the microorganism(s). Assays for determining
inhibiting the growth of a microorganism are known in the art and
are described herein.
As used herein, the terms "microorganism" or "microbe" comprise a
diverse group of microscopic organisms, including, but not limited
to, bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists.
The terms "optional" or "optionally" as used throughout the
specification means that the subsequently described event or
circumstance may but need not occur, and that the description
includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and
instances in which it does not. The terms also refer to a
subsequently described composition that may but need not be
present, and that the description includes instances where the
composition is present and instances in which the composition is
not present.
As used herein, the term "portable" in the context of a UV device
refers to a UV device of the present invention that can be carried
by a person and that can be temporarily (e.g., for the duration of
a sanitization cycle) attached to a container, a room, a space, or
a defined environment.
As used herein, the term "radiation" or grammatical equivalents
refer to energy, which may be selectively applied, including energy
having a wavelength of between 10.sup.-14 and 10.sup.4 meters
including, for example, electron beam radiation, gamma radiation,
x-ray radiation, light such as ultraviolet (UV) light, visible
light, and infrared light, microwave radiation, and radio waves. A
preferred radiation is UV light radiation. "Irradiation" refers to
the application of radiation to a surface.
As used herein, the terms "sterile" or "sterilization" and
grammatical equivalents thereof refer to an environment or an
object, which is free or which is made free of detectable living
cells, viable spores, viruses, and other microorganisms. Sometimes
the process of sterilization is also referred herein to as
"disinfection" or "sanitization."
As used herein the term "ultraviolet" and the abbreviation "UV"
refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than
the wavelengths of visible light and longer than those of X-rays.
The UV part of the light spectrum is situated beyond the visible
spectrum at its violet end.
As used herein, the abbreviation "UV-A" refers to ultraviolet light
in the range of 315-400 nanometers (nm).
As used herein, the abbreviation "UV-B" refers to ultraviolet light
in the range of 280-315 nanometers (nm).
As used herein, the abbreviation "UV-C" refers to ultraviolet light
in the range of 200-280 nanometers (nm).
As used herein, the term "UV dose" refers to an amount of UV
irradiation absorbed by an exposed population of microbes,
typically in units of mJ/cm.sup.2 (mJ/cm.sup.2=1,000 .mu.W/cm.sup.2
per second).
As used herein, the terms "UV intensity" or "UV irradiance" refer
to the irradiance field of a UV germicidal irradiation system (such
as a UV light source described herein), i.e., the total radiant
energy incident on a surface from all directions. It is measured in
.mu.W/cm.sup.2 at 1 m. The UV intensity greatly depends on the
distance from the UV emitter and the transmittance of the
medium.
As used herein, the terms "ultraviolet radiation" or "UV radiation"
refer to radiation having a wave-length or wavelengths between from
160 to 400 nm. If a range is specified, a narrower range of
radiation is meant within the 160 to 400 nm range. The range
specified, unless otherwise indicated, means radiation having a
wavelength or wavelengths within this specified range.
In the following description it is to understood that terms such as
"forward," "rearward," "front," "back," "right," "left," upward,"
"downward," "horizontal," "vertical," "longitudinal," "lateral,"
"angular," "first," "second" and the like are words of convenience
and are not to be construed as limiting terms.
The present invention generally relates to compositions, systems
and methods for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization, and more
specifically, to compositions, systems and methods for UV
sterilization of a container, and more particularly to
compositions, systems and methods for UV sterilization of a
container used in the process of fermentation for an alcoholic
beverage. A system as described herein comprises a UV device and a
container.
II. UV Devices
The present invention describes a variety of UV devices, in
particular, portable UV devices. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 1, 2 or
3. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 4. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 5. In
some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV
device as depicted in FIG. 4. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 6 or 7.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV
device as depicted in FIG. 8 or 9. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
10. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 11. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
12. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 13. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
14 or 15. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device
is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 16. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
19. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 20. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIGS.
21-25. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is
a UV device as depicted in FIG. 27. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
28. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 29. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
30. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 31. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
32. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 33. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
34. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIG. 35. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.
37. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
UV device as depicted in FIGS. 38A and 38B. In some embodiments of
the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in
FIGS. 39A-C. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV
device is a UV device as depicted in FIGS. 40A-C. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as
depicted in FIG. 42. In some embodiments of the present invention,
a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 43. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as
depicted in FIG. 44. In some embodiments of the present invention,
a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 45. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as
depicted in FIGS. 46A-E. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 47A-C. In
some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV
device as depicted in FIGS. 51-61, 63, and 65. In some embodiments
of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in
FIG. 66. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device
is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 67. UV devices depicted in FIGS.
1-16, 19-25, 27-35, 37-48, 51-61, 63, and 65-67 are portable UV
devices.
UV light sources of the present invention are adapted to include
pulsed UV light sources and continuous wavelength mode UV light
sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light
source is a pulsed UV light source. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV light source is a continuous wavelength
mode UV light source.
A UV device comprises a UV light source, also referred to as UV
lamp.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source
comprises a lamp selected from the group consisting of a low
pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high
pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low
pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon
lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure
short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium
pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high pressure long arc xenon lamp,
an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp, a low pressure metal
halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halide lamp, a high pressure
metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure metal halide lamp, a
tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartz iodine lamp,
a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp.
Notably, any number of UV lamps including low pressure, medium
pressure, high pressure, and ultra-high pressure lamps, which are
made of various materials, e.g., most commonly mercury (Hg) can be
used with the system configuration according to the present
invention and in the methods described herein.
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises a low pressure mercury lamp. In some embodiments, a UV
light source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure
mercury lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present
invention comprises a high pressure mercury lamp. In some
embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises
an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp. Such mercury lamps are known
in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Steril Aire Model
SE series UVC Emitters.TM..
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises a low pressure short arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments,
a UV light source of the present invention comprises a medium
pressure short arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light
source of the present invention comprises a high pressure short arc
xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present
invention comprises an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp.
Short arc xenon lamps are known in the art and are commercially
available, e.g., Ushio #5000371-UXL-75XE Xenon Short Arc Lamp.
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises a low pressure long arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments,
a UV light source of the present invention comprises a medium
pressure long arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light
source of the present invention comprises a high pressure long arc
xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present
invention comprises an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp.
Long arc xenon lamps are known in the art and are commercially
available, e.g., Lumi-Max XLA1500W Long Arc Xenon Lamp.
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises a low pressure metal halide lamp. In some embodiments, a
UV light source of the present invention comprises a medium
pressure metal halide lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source
of the present invention comprises a high pressure metal halide
lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present
invention comprises an ultra-high pressure metal halide lamp. Metal
halide lamps are known in the art and are commercially available,
e.g., Venture Lighting product number 32519, open rated 175 watt
probe start lamp.
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises a halogen lamp. A halogen lamp includes, but is not
limited to a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp and a
quartz iodine lamp. Halogen lamps are known in the art and are
commercially available, e.g., General Electric model 16751.
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises a sodium lamp. A sodium lamp includes, but is not limited
to a high pressure sodium lamp. Sodium lamps are known in the art
and are commercially available, e.g., General Electric ED18, 400 W,
high pressure sodium lamp.
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises an incandescent lamp. An incandescent lamp includes, but
is not limited to an electric light filament lamp. Incandescent
lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g.,
Philips 60-Watt Household Incandescent Light Bulb.
In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present invention
comprises a light emitting diode (LED) or a solid state light
emitting device, including, but not limited to a semiconductor
laser. LEDs are known in the art and are commercially available,
e.g., Model L-A3W Energy Efficient UV 110V LED Spot light from
Battery Junction.
Additionally, spectral calibration lamps, electrodeless lamps, and
the like can be used.
A. Germicidal UV Light Source
Ultraviolet (UV) light is classified into three wavelength ranges:
UV-C, from about 200 nanometers (nm) to about 280 nm; UV-B, from
about 280 nm to about 315 nm; and UV-A, from about 315 nm to about
400 nm. Generally, UV light, and in particular, UV-C light is
"germicidal," i.e., it deactivates the DNA of microorganism, such
as bacteria, viruses and other pathogens and thus, destroys their
ability to multiply and cause disease, effectively resulting in
sterilization of the microorganisms. While susceptibility to UV
light varies, exposure to UV energy for about 20 to about 34
milliwatt-seconds/cm.sup.2 is adequate to deactivate approximately
99 percent of the pathogens. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a UV light source is a germicidal UV light source. A UV
light source, also referred to herein as UV lamp, is indicated in
the drawings and respective legends as 5.
In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV
light source is a germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments
of a UV device of the present invention, the UV light source is a
UV-C light source. In some embodiments of a UV device of the
present invention, the UV light source is a UV-B light source. In
some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV
light source is a UV-A light source.
In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV
light source comprises one UV lamp. In some embodiments of a UV
device of the present invention, a UV light source comprises one or
more UV lamps. If a UV light source comprises more than one UV
lamp, e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or more UV
lamps, it is also referred to as a "UV lamp cluster," "UV cluster"
"UV lamp assembly" or "UV assembly."
1. Pulsed Germicidal UV Light Source
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light
source is a pulsed germicidal UV light source. Pulsed UV light is
composed of a wide spectrum of light ranging from the UV region to
the infrared (Wang and MacGregor, 2005, Water Research
39(13):2921-25). A large portion of the spectrum lies below 400 nm
and as such has germicidal properties. Pulsed UV light has proven
equally if not more effective (same sterilization levels achieved
more rapidly) at sterilizing surfaces when compared with
traditional germicidal UV-C lights (Bohrerova et al., 2008, Water
Research 42(12):2975-2982). In a pulsed UV system, UV-light is
pulsed several times per second, each pulse lasting between 100 ns
(nanosecond) and 2 ms (millisecond). An additional advantage of a
pulsed UV light system is that it obviates the need for the toxic
heavy metal mercury, which is used in traditional germicidal UV
lamps. A pulsed UV system requires less power than a mercury UV
lamp and as such, is more economical.
The peak intensity of a pulsed UV lamp is typically one to two
orders of magnitude higher than that of a mercury UV lamp of
similar wattage. These high peak energies are achieved by storing
energy in the high voltage storage capacitor and releasing this
energy in a very short burst through the flash lamp. Pulse widths
of 10 .mu.s (microsecond) to 300 .mu.s are common in today's
industrial flashlamp systems. Peak energy levels range from 300
kilowatts to over a megawatt. (Kent Kipling Xenon Corporation
Wilmington, Mass.). Sterilization is achieved because the intensity
of the light produced by the pulsed lamp is greater than that of
conventional UV-C lamps. Further, pulsed UV achieves sterilization
via the rupture and disintegration of micro-organisms caused by
overheating following absorption UV photons emitted in the light
pulse (Wekhof et al., "Pulsed UV Disintegration (PUVD): a new
sterilization mechanism for packaging and broad medical-hospital
applications." The First International Conference on Ultraviolet
Technologies. Jun. 14-16, 2001; Washington, D.C., USA).
2. Low Pressure UV Lamp
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light
source is a low pressure UV lamp. Low-pressure UV lamps are very
similar to a fluorescent lamp, with a wavelength of 253.7 nm. Low
pressure lamps are most effective, because they emit most of the
radiant energy in the germicidal wavelength of 253.7 nm also known
as the UV-C part of the spectrum. This is why low pressure lamps
are mostly used in germicidal UV applications. The most common form
of germicidal lamp looks similar to an ordinary fluorescent lamp
but the tube contains no fluorescent phosphor. In addition, rather
than being made of ordinary borosilicate glass, the tube is made of
fused quartz. These two changes combine to allow the 253.7 nm UV
light produced by the mercury arc to pass out of the lamp
unmodified (whereas, in common fluorescent lamps, it causes the
phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light). Germicidal lamps
still produce a small amount of visible light due to other mercury
radiation bands. In some embodiments, a low pressure UV lamp looks
like an incandescent lamp but with the envelope containing a few
droplets of mercury. In this design, the incandescent filament
heats the mercury, producing a vapor which eventually allows an arc
to be struck, short circuiting the incandescent filament. Some low
pressure lamps are shown in FIG. 17. Each of those low pressure UV
lamp can be used in the present invention.
Preferred UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are low pressure
mercury amalgam bulb supplied by, e.g., Z-E-D Ziegler Electronic
Devices GmbH, D 98704 Langewiesen, Germany ("Z-E-D") and Heraeus
Noblelight Fusion UV Inc. 910 Clopper Road Gaithersburg, Md., 20878
USA.
Various UV lamps may be used in the UV devices, systems and methods
described herein. Preferred are UV lamps from Z-E-D. Two of those
are particularly preferred. Both have the same external dimensions
of 1500 mm length and 32 mm diameter. The lamp current for the less
powerful bulb is 5.0 A, the lamp power is 550 W with a 170 W (at
253.7 nm) UVC output, 136 W UVC (at 253.7 nm) output when coated
with Teflon. The life is 16,000 hours with a 15% loss at 253.7 nm
after 12,000 hours. The second more powerful lamp draws a 6.5 A
current and has a total output of 700 W and 200 W UVC (at 253.7
nm). The life is 15,000 hours with a 15% loss at 253.7 nm after
12,000 hours. Both are low pressure mercury amalgam bulbs
3. Medium and High Pressure UV Lamps
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV light
source is a medium-pressure UV lamp. Medium-pressure UV lamps are
much more similar to high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps than
fluorescent lamps. Medium-pressure UV lamps radiate a broad-band
UV-C radiation, rather than a single line. They are widely used in
industrial water treatment, because they are very intense radiation
sources. They are as efficient as low-pressure lamps. A
medium-pressure lamps typically produces very bright bluish white
light. In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal
UV light source is a high pressure UV lamp.
Preferred UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are medium
pressure mercury arc lamps provided by, e.g., Baldwin UV limited,
552 Fairlie Road, Trading Estate, Bershire, SL1 4PY, England.
4. Dimensions Of Germicidal UV Light Sources
Different sized and shaped UV light sources may be used to practice
a method of the present invention, largely depending on the shape
of the container and the desired duration of the sterilization
cycle. In some embodiments, a longer and more powerful UV lamp will
provide for shorter duration cycles.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV light source
is a UV-C lamp of 64'' in length with an output of 190
microwatts/cm.sup.2 at 254 nm (American Air and Water.RTM., Hilton
Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA). Other useful UV-C lamps for use in
the systems and methods of the present invention are shown in FIG.
17.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp
is a hot cathode germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in
FIG. 17.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp
is a slimline germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in
FIG. 17.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp
is a high output germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in
FIG. 17.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp
is a cold cathode germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown
in FIG. 17.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp
is an 18'' single ended low pressure mercury lamp, e.g., as made
commercially available by Steril-Aire.
5. Power Output and UV Intensity of Germicidal UV Light Sources
UV disinfection is a photochemical process. The effectiveness of
UV-C is directly related to intensity and exposure time.
Environmental factors, such as, air flow, humidity, airborne
mechanical particles and distance of microorganism to the UV light
source can also affect the performance of a UV device. While those
environmental factors when present make it somewhat difficult to
calculate the effective UV dosage required to kill or to inhibit
the growth of a microorganism of interest, it has been shown that
UV light will kill or inhibit the growth of any microorganism given
enough UV dosage.
For UV disinfection and sterilization, the microorganisms present
in a container or on a surface of a room, a space or defined
environment are exposed to a lethal dose of UV energy. UV dose is
measured as the product of UV light intensity times the exposure
time within the UV lamp array. The microorganisms are exposed for a
sufficient period of time to a germicidal UV light source in order
for the UV rays to penetrate the cellular membrane and breaking
down the microorganisms' genetic material. The following tables
provide the approximate required intensities to kill or growth
inhibit ("Kill Factor") either 90% or 100% of microorganisms
(American Water & Air.RTM. Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C.
29926, USA):
TABLE-US-00001 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in
.mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 Needed for Kill Factor 90% 99%* Mold Spores (1 log
Reduction) (2 log Reduction) Aspergillius flavus 60,000 99,000
Aspergillius glaucus 44,000 88,000 Aspergillius niger 132,000
330,000 Mucor racemosus A 17,000 35,200 Mucor racemosus B 17,000
35,200 Oospora lactis 5,000 11,000 Penicillium expansum 13,000
22,000 Penicillium roqueforti 13,000 26,400 Penicillium digitatum
44,000 88,000 Rhisopus nigricans 111,000 220,000 *it is noted that
American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the
energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of
the indicated mold spores, is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill
factor of the indicated mold spores.
TABLE-US-00002 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in
.mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 Needed for Kill Factor 90% 99%* (1 log (2 log
Bacteria Reduction) Reduction) Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax 4,520
8,700 Bacillus anthracis spores - Anthrax spores 24,320 46,200
Bacillus magaterium sp. (spores) 2,730 5,200 Bacillus magaterium
sp. (veg.) 1,300 2,500 Bacillus paratyphusus 3,200 6,100 Bacillus
subtilis spores 11,600 22,000 Bacillus subtilis 5,800 11,000
Clostridium tetani 13,000 22,000 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 3,370
6,510 Ebertelia typhosa 2,140 4,100 Escherichia coli 3,000 6,600
Leptospiracanicola - infectious Jaundice 3,150 6,000 Microccocus
candidus 6,050 12,300 Microccocus sphaeroides 1,000 15,400
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6,200 10,000 Neisseria catarrhalis 4,400
8,500 Phytomonas tumefaciens 4,400 8,000 Proteus vulgaris 3,000
6,600 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5,500 10,500 Pseudomonas fluorescens
3,500 6,600 Salmonella enteritidis 4,000 7,600 Salmonela paratyphi
- Enteric fever 3,200 6,100 Salmonella typhosa - Typhoid fever
2,150 4,100 Salmonella typhimurium 8,000 15,200 Sarcina lutea
19,700 26,400 Serratia marcescens 2,420 6,160 Shigella dyseteriae -
Dysentery 2,200 4,200 Shigella flexneri - Dysentery 1,700 3,400
Shigella paradysenteriae 1,680 3,400 Spirillum rubrum 4,400 6,160
Staphylococcus albus 1,840 5,720 Staphylococcus aerius 2,600 6,600
Staphylococcus hemolyticus 2,160 5,500 Staphylococcus lactis 6,150
8,800 Streptococcus viridans 2,000 3,800 Vibrio comma - Cholera
3,375 6,500 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company
(Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation
(UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated microorganisms,
is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated
microorganism.
TABLE-US-00003 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in
.mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 Needed for Kill Factor 90% 99%* Protozoa (1 log
Reduction) (2 log Reduction) Chlorella vulgaris 13,000 22,000
(Algae) Nematode Eggs 45,000 92,000 Paramecium 11,000 20,000 *it is
noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states
that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to
kill 99% of the indicated protozoa, is sufficient to achieve a 100%
kill factor of the indicated protozoa.
TABLE-US-00004 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in
.mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 Needed for Kill Factor 90% 99%* Virus (1 log
Reduction) (2 log Reduction) Bacteriophage - E. Coli 2,600 6,600
Infectious Hepatitis 5,800 8,000 Influenza 3,400 6,600 Poliovirus -
Poliomyelitis 3,150 6,600 Tobacco mosaic 240,000 440,000 *it is
noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states
that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to
kill 99% of the indicated viruses, is sufficient to achieve a 100%
kill factor of the indicated viruses.
TABLE-US-00005 Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in
.mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 Needed for Kill Factor 90% 99% Yeast (1 log
Reduction) (2 log Reduction) Brewers yeast 3,300 6,600 Common yeast
cake 6,000 13,200 Saccharomyces carevisiae 6,000 13,200
Saccharomyces ellipsoideus 6,000 13,200 Saccharomyces spores 8,000
17,600 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN,
USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown
above to kill 99% of the indicated yeast, is sufficient to achieve
a 100% kill factor of the indicated yeast.
By way of example, using a germicidal UV lamp with 190
microwatts/cm.sup.2 output at 254 nm, it would take approximately
about 1 minute and 26 seconds to kill or growth inhibit ("Kill
Factor") 100% of Saccharomyces sp. (which requires 17,600
microwatt/cm.sup.2) at a distance of 36'' and 3 minutes 41 seconds
at a distance of 60''.
In some embodiments a UV lamp within a UV device has a polymer
coating. The polymer coating will prevent small glass pieces from
falling into a container in case of accidental shattering during
use of a UV device in a method of the present invention.
B. UV Detectors and Sensors
The present invention describes a variety of UV devices. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a
detector or a sensor. The terms UV detector and UV sensor are used
interchangeably herein. In the drawings, showing exemplary
embodiments, detectors are shown by 11. A UV sensor is also shown
as 154 in FIGS. 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56. The use of a detector or
sensor ensures that in addition to the algorithm (taking into
account vessel size and shape, size and shape of a room, a space or
defined environment, lamp intensity, distance of lamp or lamps from
surfaces to be sterilized) a required or predetermined UV light
intensity is achieved. Further, a detector ensures that all areas
known to specifically accumulate microorganisms also receive the
required or predetermined dose of UV radiation.
The use of a detector solves a significant problem existing using
the chemical and ozone disinfection methods. When those methods are
used, there is no established protocol for verifying the level of
sterilization achieved. In contrast thereto, methods of the present
invention comprising the use of a detector offers a unique, quick,
and reliable means of providing verifiable levels of the
sterilization achieved. As described herein, once set at a
predetermined UV dose, the detector will shut of the UV lamp when
this predetermined amount of UV radiation has been attained.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is
connected to one or more UV detectors or UV sensors. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light source is
connected to one or more UV detectors or UV sensors. As shown in
the exemplary UV devices in FIGS. 6, 7, 14, and 15, one or more
detectors may be mounted to a different position within the UV
assembly or onto a removable bracket. In FIGS. 51, 52, 54, 55 and
56, a UV sensor is exemplary attached to a second upper frame end
152 (see detailed description below).
UV devices described herein are adapted to use a variety of
commercially available detectors and sensors. UV-C detectors
commercially available include, e.g., a PMA2122 germicidal UV
detector (Solar Light Company, Inc., Glenside, Pa. 19038, USA).
Detectors, such as the PMA2122 Germicidal UV detector, provide fast
and accurate irradiance measurements of the effective germicidal
radiation. Thus, in some embodiments of a portable UV device of the
present invention, a UV detector is PMA2122 germicidal UV detector.
Another preferred UV detector is Digital UV-sensor type with RS485
interface (Ziegler Electronic Devices GmbH, In den Folgen 7, D
98704 Langewiesen Germany). Thus, in some embodiments of a portable
UV device of the present invention, a UV detector is Digital
UV-sensor type with RS485 interface. A UV producing lamp is
monitored to insure that the microorganisms, such as bacteria, are
receiving a desired dose of germicidal UV radiation. Using a
detector, the UV lamps can also be monitored to get maximum life
out of the lamp before replacement. A germicidal UV detector can
also be used to insure that the proper lamp has been installed
after replacement.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light
source is connected electrically to one or more UV detectors. In
some embodiments, a UV detector is connected by wire to a radiation
meter, which in turn can communicate via the wire with a UV lamp
and instruct it to turn off, e.g., when a desired radiation level
has been attained.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light
source is connected to one or more UV detectors via a signal.
In some embodiments, a detector is placed at a location within a
container where microorganisms, which negatively impact production
and flavor of an alcoholic beverage, a dairy product, a liquid
dairy, a liquid dairy composition, or a dry dairy composition, are
known to accumulate. In some embodiments, a detector is placed
within a room, a space or defined environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the one or more UV
detectors are placed in conjunction with a UV light source,
preferably, a germicidal UV light source, so that the one or more
detectors ensure that a desired UV intensity has been attained
and/or maintained. In some embodiments, a detector is placed
strategically in corners or on uneven surfaces of containers such
as weld seams where microorganisms may accumulate.
In some embodiments, a detector is arranged so that it is both
furthest away from the UV lamp and closest to the most uneven
interior surface of a container (e.g., weld seam or a corner), a
room, a space or defined environment. The purpose of the detector
is to ensure that the required or predetermined UV dose is attained
at a given interior location of a container, room, space or defined
environment in order to achieve the desired log reduction of
microorganisms. By placing a detector or more than one detector
(i.e., at least two detectors) in one or more positions in the
interior of the container or within a room, a space or defined
environment to be sanitized, it will be ensured that the even
surfaces and those closer to the UV lamp will receive more than
sufficient UV radiation to achieve the desired log reduction of
microorganisms and that the more problematic interior surfaces of a
container (e.g., weld seams and corners) or uneven surfaces in a
room, a space or defined environment will receive the required or
predetermined UV dose.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source
communicates back and forth with a detector so that the UV light
source is shut off when a desired specified germicidal level of UV
radiation has been attained. As will be appreciated by one of skill
in the art, a desired specified germicidal level is dependent on
the log reduction or percentage reduction of microorganisms
desired. If sterilization is required, a six log reduction in
microorganisms may be specified. In the interest of saving time and
electricity, however, a five log reduction or a four-log reduction
may be desired. Once the desired UV intensity has been attained,
the detector will cause the UV light source to shut off.
One of skill in the art using a detector in combination with a UV
device to sterilize a container, a room, a space or defined
environment according to a method of the present invention would
not need to know the diameter of the container or dimension of a
room, a space or defined environment as the detector would
automatically detect the appropriate UV dose necessary to achieve a
predetermined sterilization rate (log reduction value).
The use of a detector, however, is optional. Detectors are not
required to practice methods of the present invention provided that
the timing of the sterilization cycle has been calculated
correctly. Detectors can be used as a redundant system if the shape
of the container and/or lamp does allow the skilled artisan to
apply a simple programmable calculation of the sterilization cycle
duration.
C. Housing
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a housing. Various housings for UV lamps are shown in the exemplary
UV devices in FIGS. 1-13, 16, 21-25, 28-35, 37-45, 52-61, and 64-67
by 2. In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV
light source is residing in a housing. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a germicidal UV light source is positioned
within a housing 2. In some embodiments of the present invention, a
housing 2 surrounds or encloses a germicidal UV light source.
Exemplary surroundings or enclosures of a UV light source by a
housing are shown in FIGS. 1-3, 7, 9, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29,
31, 34, 35, 37-45, 52-61, and 64-67. The surrounding or enclosure
may be complete or partial. Exemplary complete surroundings or
enclosures of a UV light source by a housing 2 are shown in FIGS.
1-3, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 38-41, 52-61, and 64-67.
Exemplary partial surroundings or enclosures of a UV light source
by a housing 2 are shown in FIGS. 7, 9, 34, 35, 37 and 42-45.
Housings 2 are designed to protect the UV light source from damage,
e.g., during transport, during use, or when the UV light source is
retracted from a container, a room, a space, or a defined
environment according to a method of the present invention. A UV
light source can be directly or indirectly attached to a housing 2
or alternatively, resides within a housing 2. Housings 2, however,
are not necessary for a UV device of the present invention to
function. They are optional. For example, UV device Model BM3,
schematically depicted in FIGS. 46-48, does not comprise a housing
2.
A housing 2 can be made of a variety of materials. It can be made
from a polymer (e.g., plastic) or metal depending on the desired
weight. In some embodiments, a housing is made of DuPont
Teflon.RTM.FEP (Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene).
A housing can have various shapes and forms. In some embodiments of
the present invention, a housing is a mesh cage allowing the UV
light to pass through. An exemplary mesh cage housing is shown in
FIGS. 21-25. The housing 2 in FIGS. 42-45, e.g., comprises one or
more circular structures, such as metal rings, within the UV light
source resides. When using housings 2 that allow passing through of
the UV light, the UV light source does not need to be released from
the housing to practice a method of the invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing 2 is a
housing 2 which does not allow the UV light to pass through or
which only allows the UV light to pass through partly. When using
such a housing in the methods of the present invention, the UV
light source is being released from the housing 2. Upon release of
the germicidal UV light source from the housing 2, the germicidal
UV light source may be stationary or mobile. The housing can be of
any shape. The shape of the housing is largely depending on the
size and shape of the UV light source (e.g., see FIGS. 1-13, 16,
21-25, 27, 38-45, 52-61, and 64-67). FIGS. 21-25 and 42-45 show a
UV lamp cluster (comprising 8 UV lamps) arranged at an angle and a
correspondingly shaped housing. FIG. 27 shows five UV lamp clusters
each comprising three UV lamps arranged at an angle and in a square
or rectangular housing.
In some embodiments, a single longitudinal UV lamp is used as a UV
light source. In those embodiments, the housing may surround or
enclose the UV lamp either completely or partially. In some
embodiments, a housing 2 comprises two arms, a first arm and a
second arm, e.g., as schematically shown in FIGS. 34 and 35. The
first arm may be positioned in a fixed position, while the second
arm may be movably attached to the first arm. In some embodiments
the second arm can reside completely or partially within the first
arm. The movable attachment of the second arm to the first arm may
be through a pivot point. In some embodiments, a UV lamp is
attached to such housing through an opening in the second arm and
further connected to a part of the UV device through a rope,
string, or a power cord. In a configuration wherein the second arm
resides within the first arm, the UV lamp would then reside within
the second arm. In some embodiments, a rope, a string or a power
cord prevents the second arm of the housing from moving downwardly.
Upon lowering the rope, the string, or the power cord, the UV lamp
along with the second arm will be released from the first arm of
the housing. The rope, the string or the power cord can be lowered
to a point whereupon the second and first arm form a 90 degree
angle (e.g., see FIG. 34B). Thereby the UV light source can be
moved into almost any position within the confines of a container
(FIG. 34B), a room, a space, or a defined environment. As one of
ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, such positioning depends
on the length of the first arm, the length of the second arm and
the angle formed between the first and second arm. Provided herein
are various lengths of the first and second arms, depending, as one
of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, on the diameter and
height of a container, a room, a space or defined environment,
which should be sterilized. For example, if the diameter of a
container is about 5 meters, then a second arm having a length of
about 2.5 meters could position a UV device approximately in the
middle of the container when the UV device is attached to an outer
part on top of the container (see FIGS. 34B, 34C). The height
positioning of a UV light source within a container can then be
controlled conveniently by the extent to which the rope, string or
power cord is further lowered (compare FIG. 34B to FIG. 34C).
Lowering of the UV lamp can be achieved as described herein by use
of a motorized unit (e.g., see FIGS. 34 and 35).
D. Guides, Range-Finding Devices, and Circuit Boards
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device or system
comprises a range-finding device or guide, such as a laser range
finder. A range-finding device may be placed or aligned at some
point along the longitudinal axis of the UV device in order to
prevent the UV lamp(s) or UV device from contacting either the top
or bottom surface of the container (depending on the embodiment the
device may be suspended from the top of the container or supported
from below by a mount). If the embodiment uses lateral movement to
position the UV lamp(s) closer to the internal surface the
container or to a predetermined position in a room, a space or
defined environment, the rangefinder may be aligned in the same
orientation ensuring that the UV lamp(s) is positioned at the
desired distance depending on the internal diameter of the
container or dimension of the room, space or defined environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a range-finding
device is used in conjunction with the system to guarantee that the
UV lamp(s) is in correct distance from the interior surface of a
container to be sterilized or the surface, walls or ceilings of a
room, a space or defined environment to be sterilized as well as
preventing the UV lamp from impacting the interior surfaces of the
container, room, space or defined environment. Range-finding
devices or guides are indicated by 20 in exemplary UV devices
herein, e.g., in FIGS. 11, 12 and 35.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a range-finding
device 20 is a radiofrequency identifier (RFID), which is used to
position a UV light source to a desired or predetermined position
within a container. An RFID receives information about the
dimensions of a container to be sterilized, such as depth and
radius of the container. An RFID may be attached to a UV device of
the present invention. In some embodiments, an RFID is attached to
the container to be sterilized.
For example, as described herein, an RFID determines the depth of
moving a UV light source from its load position into its payout
position. FIG. 35 schematically depicts a laser depth guide
attached in proximity of a UV lamp.
FIGS. 26A-D schematically depict a circuit board used in an
embodiment of a UV device of the present invention. FIGS. 36A-D
schematically depict a circuit board used in UV device UV55
described further herein. FIG. 28E schematically depicts an
exemplary positioning of a circuit board 103 within a circuit board
cavity 99 within a central sleeve 12. A circuit board may also be
enclosed in a box 127, as shown in FIGS. 42-45. Another positioning
of a circuit board 103 is within a control box 127 (see below).
A circuit board 103 for use in a UV device of the present invention
may have a variety of functionalities. Various exemplary circuit
boards 103 are described herein, e.g., in FIGS. 26 (26A-D) and
36A-D and parts of FIGS. 68A-C. In some embodiments, a
functionality of a circuit board comprises a functionality selected
from the group consisting of communicating with a radiofrequency
identifier; controlling a movement of a germicidal UV light source
within a container, a room or a defined environment; controlling a
rate of descent of a germicidal UV light source within a container,
a room or a defined environment; controlling a rate of ascent of a
germicidal UV light source within a container, a room, or a defined
environment; controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV light
source within a container, a room, or a defined environment;
controlling activation and deactivation of a germicidal UV light
source; relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to a container,
a room or a defined environment; uploading and relaying information
from a radiofrequency identifier; generating a report on time of a
sanitization cycle; generating a report on duration of a
sanitization cycle; generating a report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting
a report on time of a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or
texting a report on duration of a sanitization cycle; emailing,
phoning or texting a report on UV light intensity attained during
sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting an alert to an
individual that a sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or
complete; emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light
source requires replacement; logging date, time and individual who
used the portable UV device; and logging information of a
container, a room, or a defined environment in which the portable
UV device will be and/or has been used.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
the circuit board is communicating with a radiofrequency
identifier.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
the circuit board is controlling a movement of a germicidal UV
light source within a container, a room or a defined
environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling a rate of descent of a germicidal UV
light source within a container, a room or a defined
environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling a rate of ascent of a germicidal UV
light source within a container, a room or a defined
environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV
light source within a container, a room or a defined
environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling activation and deactivation of a
germicidal UV light source.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to a
container, a room or a defined environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is uploading and relaying information from a
radiofrequency identifier.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is generating a report on time of a sanitization
cycle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is generating a report on duration of a
sanitization cycle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is generating a report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is relaying a message to an individual. A message
relayed by a circuit board of a UV device of the present invention
may be an email notification, an automated telephone voice mail
message or a special message system to a hand held device such as a
cell phone or tablet type device. The individual can receive an
email notification that documents or reports generated are
available to view and download online.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on time of
a sanitization cycle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on
duration of a sanitization cycle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on UV
light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is emailing, phoning or texting an alert to an
individual that sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or
complete.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is logging date, time and individual who used the
portable UV device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is logging information of a container, a room, or a
defined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or
has been used.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is relaying UV intensity via a sensor to a
container, a room, a defined environment to ensure that a desired
or predetermined irradiation is achieved during a specified time or
duration.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame
and UV light source(s) attached thereto from a horizontal position
to an angular position with respect to a lower frame and attached
UV light source(s) of a UV device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame
and UV light source(s) attached thereto from a
perpendicular/vertical or angular position to a horizontal position
with respect to a lower frame and attached UV light source(s) of a
UV device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame
and UV light source(s) attached thereto from a first angular
position to a second angular position with respect to a lower frame
and attached UV light source(s) of a UV device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is connecting to one or more fuses to protect the
UV device against electrical surges.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is connecting to Zcon mini which measures incoming
UVC in real time from a UVC sensor.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is connecting a Zcon mini to a programmable logic
control (PLC) unit. In some of those embodiments, the PLC unit has
sanitization cycle times programmed into it.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is uses a PLC unit to connect with a touchscreen
interface 135 located on an outside of a control box 127.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is adjusting a current being sent to a UV light
source to maximize efficiency of a sanitization cycle,
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is controlling a servo or a motor and/or the rate
with which a servo or motor operate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is interfacing with a PLC unit to indicate whether
a bulb intensity is sufficient or inefficient for a desired
sanitization cycle.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of
a circuit board is tracking time of bulb operation.
Exemplary circuit boards 103 for use in UV devices of the present
invention are schematically shown in FIGS. 26 (26A-D); 36A-D and
parts of FIGS. 68A-C.
E. Means for Attaching a UV Device
The UV devices described herein can be used to practice the methods
described herein. A UV device of the present invention can be
attached movably, adjustably, temporarily, or permanently to a
container, to a surface of an object, to a floor, to a ceiling or
to a wall of a room, a space or a defined environment by using
various attachment means, such as fasteners, screws, mounting tabs,
etc.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is
positioned on top of a container 4, as e.g., schematically depicted
in FIGS. 1-5, 10, 11, 25, 29, 41, and 44. In some embodiments of
the present invention, a UV device is positioned on the bottom of a
container 4, as e.g., schematically depicted in FIGS. 6-9, 32, 33,
and 48A-D. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV
device is attached to a lid 29 of a container 4, as e.g.,
schematically depicted in FIGS. 14 and 15. In some embodiments of
the present invention, a UV device is attached to a wall or
ceiling, as e.g., schematically depicted in FIG. 27. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is attached to an
opening in a side wall of a container 4, as e.g., schematically
depicted in FIG. 59.
The UV devices described herein can be attached temporarily to a
container, e.g., for the time required to perform a method
described herein. The UV devices described herein can also be
attached to a container for a prolonged time, e.g., for the time
required to perform a method described herein and an extended
period of time before or after practicing the method. The UV
devices described herein can also be attached permanently to a
container.
In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV
device comprises a means for attaching the UV device to a
container. This invention provides various means for attaching the
UV device to a container, including, but not limited to a bracket,
a hanger, and the like.
The means for attaching the UV device to a container, a room or a
defined environment essentially serves to attach the UV device on
an outer perimeter of an opening of the container, to a fixture
within the room or defined environment so that the UV light source
and other parts of the UV device necessary to perform a method of
the present invention can be movably inserted through the opening
of the container into the interior part of the container and into
the room or defined environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the means for
attaching the UV device to a container is a bracket, also referred
to as mounting bracket. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a housing is affixed to a bracket. In some embodiments,
the bracket supports the housing in the desired position and allows
the UV lamp to project and descend from the housing into the
desired positions for the "sterilization cycle." In some
embodiments, the bracket supports the housing centrally. In some
embodiments, the bracket supports the housing asymmetrically. The
bracket may be in the form of a base, tripod or stand if the device
is to be supported from the bottom of the fermentation vessel. The
arms of the bracket may be adjustable to accommodate containers of
various diameters and dimensions. Non-limiting exemplary bracket
embodiments 3 are depicted in the exemplary UV devices shown in
FIGS. 1-5, 10-12, 33, 28-45, 52, 59, and 63.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for attaching
the UV device to a container is a hanger as shown, e.g., in FIGS.
21-25. A hanger may comprise one or more of the following: a clamp
post 53, a hanger support bar 52, and a tightening screw 78. A
preferred configuration of those parts is shown in FIGS. 21-24.
Another hanger-like means for attachment of a UV device to a
container is depicted in FIGS. 38-45. A hanger can have any shape
or size as long as it is adapted to attach a UV device to a
container, a room or a defined environment to be sterilized, for
example, FIGS. 21-24 schematically show an L-shaped hanger.
In some embodiments, the hanger is attached to a pulley mount arm
51 (e.g., see FIGS. 21-24). In some embodiments, the hanger is
attached to a telescopic arm pivot 73 (e.g., see FIGS. 21-24). In
some embodiments, a hanger is attached to a frame 6 (e.g., see
FIGS. 38-54).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for attaching
the UV device to a container is a bracket 3 as shown, e.g., in
FIGS. 52, 59 and 63. A bracket 3 may comprise one or more of the
following: a bracket tightening knob 149 and a plurality of rope or
line posts 150, 151. A preferred configuration of those parts is
shown in FIGS. 52, 59 and 63. A bracket can have any shape or size
as long as it is adapted to attach a UV device to a container, a
room, or a defined environment to be sterilized.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing enclosing a
UV lamp is attached to a UV impermissible lid or cover that is
placed on top of an opening of a container so that the UV lamp can
be moved downwards into the container through the housing (movement
similarly as shown in FIGS. 1-3). In some embodiments, when the UV
lamp is retracted, the impermissible lid descends via gravity. A
person standing close by will not be exposed to UV irradiation but
rather be shielded from irradiation because of the UV impermissible
lid or cover.
FIG. 27 shows a UV device adapted to be attached to a surface, a
wall, a floor or a ceiling of a room, or a defined environment.
Preferably the device shown in FIG. 27 is mounted to the ceiling of
a room, or a defined environment.
F. Optical Components
To increase the UV intensity over a reduced area, to focus the UV
intensity, or to control the UV intensity, in some embodiments of
the present invention, a UV device of the present invention
comprises an optical component. Optical components include, but are
not limited to, a reflector, a shutter, a lens, a splitter, a
mirror, and the like. The optical component may be of any
shape.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a reflector. A reflector can have a variety of configurations. In
some embodiments, the reflector is a parabolic reflector. In some
embodiments, the reflector is an elliptical reflector. In some
embodiments, the reflector is a circular reflector. Exemplary
embodiments comprising a reflector are depicted in the exemplary UV
devices shown in FIGS. 12-14 and 37.
Reflectors are generally provided by the manufacturer of UV light
sources. For example, reflectors of circular, elliptical and
parabolic cross sections can be purchased from Hill Technical Sales
Corp (Arlington Heights, Ill., USA). Exemplary reflectors are
schematically shown in FIG. 18. A preferred supplier for parabolic
reflector is Baldwin UV limited, 552 Farilie Road, Trading Estate,
Berkshire, SL1 4PY, England.
UV devices comprising a reflector are schematically shown in FIGS.
14 and 37. However, as one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate, a reflector can be configured into other UV devices
described herein. In the exemplary UV device schematically shown in
FIG. 37, the UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster having eight UV
lamps arranged in a circular arrangement, wherein each reflector
partially surrounds a UV lamp. Other suitable UV lamp clusters are
described herein. UV lamps and reflectors may be attached to a
housing as schematically depicted in FIG. 37C. In some embodiments,
reflectors individually and partially surrounding a UV lamp may
form a continuous reflecting wall as schematically depicted in FIG.
37B. Such a reflecting wall may be connected to a central
sleeve.
The UV device schematically shown in FIG. 37 can be inserted
through an opening of a container, e.g., an opening located on top
of a container so that the reflectors and UV lamps move inwardly
into the container and the housing rests on the opening of the lid
while the sterilization cycle is being performed. In some
embodiments, the UV lamp cluster of such device is arranged so that
it can be moved through the opening of the container, while the
diameter of the housing of the UV device is larger than the
diameter of the opening of the container so that the UV device can
be positioned on top of the container opening. In some embodiments,
both the housing and the UV lamp cluster can be moved through an
opening of a container. In such embodiment, the housing is attached
to a cover (or plate) which has a larger diameter than the housing
and the UV lamp cluster and the housing is attached to the cover
(or plate) through a cable, which can be extended so that both the
housing and UV lamp cluster can move further downwards into the
container upon release of the cable. The cover then remains
positioned on top of the container opening. The cover (or plate)
can have various shapes, such as round, oval, square, rectangular,
hexagonal, etc. A handle attached to such cover (or plate)
conveniently allows the user to place the UV device onto an opening
of a container.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device
schematically shown in FIG. 37 is inserted inwardly into a
container from an opening located at the bottom or side of a
container (e.g., see FIGS. 31-33).
G. Additional Components of a UV Device
FIGS. 1-16, 19-25, 27-35, 37-48, 51-61, and 63-67 depict exemplary
embodiments of UV devices of the present invention and uses
thereof. Those figures also show additional components of UV
devices of the present invention, their positioning and how those
components may be connected to a container, a UV lamp, a UV
detector, a frame, a bracket, a housing, and a range-finding
device, which are described in detail above. As one of ordinary
skill in the art will appreciate, individual components described
herein can be combined in various ways and configurations in a UV
device for a use described herein without deviating from the scope
of the present invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a motorized unit (indicated by 1 in the figures). In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a
second motor unit (indicated by 23 in the figures; different from
the motorized unit "1"). A motorized unit can provide various
functions, including, but not limited to positioning a UV lamp
within a container. A motorized unit may move a UV lamp within a
container to a horizontal position, a vertical position or
combination of both. As one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate the moving of a UV lamp within a container depends on
parameters, such as size and power of a UV lamp, diameter and
height of a container and areas within the container a practitioner
desires to sterilize as described herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a rope, a cable or a rigid rod (indicated by 7 in the figures). A
rope, a cable or a rigid rod is also useful for the positioning of
a UV light source within a container, a room or a defined
environment. For example, as schematically depicted in FIGS. 4, 5
38-45, a cable 7 is used to lower the UV lamps 5 of the UV devices
shown inwardly into the container 4. In some embodiments, a cable 7
is a power cord 90 as, e.g., schematically shown in FIGS. 34 and
35. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a
rigid rod, such as an extension of the central post 16, may be used
to move a UV light source upwardly within a container 4 (e.g., see
FIG. 48D). In some embodiments, e.g., in some members of the UVT-4
family of portable UV devices, a rope 7 is used to position or to
move a germicidal UV light source connected to an upper frame into
an angular or vertical position with respect to another germicidal
UV light source connected to a lower frame (see below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a base plate (indicated by 10 in the figures. A base plate can have
many different shapes and configurations as schematically depicted
in the figures herein. A function of a base plate is to allow the
UV device be positioned onto or into a container, a room, or a
defined environment or allow the UV device be attached to a
container, a room or a defined environment (although attachment of
a UV device to a container, a room or a defined environment can
also be done by other means as described herein). Exemplary
embodiments of base plates are schematically depicted in FIGS. 6,
7, 28, 29, 31-33, and 35. The base plate 10 of the UV device
embodiments shown in those figures allows the UV device to stand
upright on a surface, e.g., within a container (see, FIGS. 7, 32,
33), on top of a container (see FIGS. 28 and 29) or on a floor and
the container is slided onto the UV device (see FIG. 31). The base
plate 10 of the UV device shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, is partially
circular and has a straight part allowing the UV device to be
positioned vertically on a surface (e.g., when servicing it)
without rolling away. The base plate 10 of the exemplary UV device
embodiments depicted in FIGS. 31 and 32 has a tripod-like
configuration. The base plate 10 of the exemplary UV device
embodiment depicted in FIG. 35 is round. It can be oval,
rectangular, hexagonal, etc. as well.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a central sleeve (indicated by 12 in the figures). A central sleeve
can have various configurations and shapes. Typically, the central
sleeve 12 is round. A central sleeve can have various
configurations and can be connected to other components of a UV
device in various ways. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a central
sleeve 12 is connected to a housing 2. In some embodiments, a
central sleeve 12 can slide over a housing 2. As depicted exemplary
in FIG. 8, more than one housing 2 can be attached to a central
sleeve 12. Attachment of the housings 2 to the central sleeve can
be direct or indirect. For example, as depicted in FIG. 9, the
housings 2 are attached to a central sleeve 12 via
parallelogramming arms 17. Various components of a UV device can be
attached directly or indirectly to a central sleeve 12 as shown in
figures. For example, as depicted in FIGS. 28 and 29, a central
sleeve 12 is movably attached to a housing 2. In some embodiments
of the present invention (see e.g., FIGS. 28, 29, 37), a UV lamp 5
is attached to a central sleeve 12. The attachment of a UV lamp 5
to a central sleeve 12 may be achieved via pins 93 and a UV lamp
socket or adaptor 94. The device depicted in FIGS. 28 and 29,
referred to herein, as UV55, is described in more detail below.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
one or more connecting rods (indicated by 13 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a motorized sleeve (indicated by 14 in the figures),
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an adjustable bracket (indicated by 15 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a central post (indicated by 16 in the figures). In some
embodiments of the present invention, the central post 16 is a
scissor boom. In some embodiments of the present invention, the
central post 16 is a central bar 44. In some embodiments of the
present invention the central post 16 is surrounded by a central
sleeve 12. In some embodiments of the present invention, a central
post 16 may be extendible and permit positioning of a UV light
source attached thereto to be moved from a first position (e.g., a
first vertical position) to a second position (e.g., second
vertical position) within a container (e.g., see FIG. 48).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
parallelogramming arms (indicated by 17 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an arm (indicated by 18 in the figures; distinguished from
"17").
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a track on the arm (indicated by 19 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an "adjustable bracket" or "mounting frame" (indicated by 24 in the
figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a track on a central post (indicated by 25 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a removable bracket (indicated by 31 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a reflector (indicated by 32 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
one or more nylon blocks (indicated by 33 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a post or boss (indicated by 34 in the figures).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a hanging hook (indicated by 84 in the figures). A hanging hook
provides a convenient way of storing a UV device when not in use,
by e.g., hanging it on hook. A hanging hook can be attached to a UV
device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function
of an exemplary hanging hook 84 are described in detail in the UV
device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below). A handle
91, e.g., as shown in FIGS. 39-40 and 46-48, can also be used as a
hanging hook. As such, the terms hanging hook 84 and handle 91 are
used interchangeably herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an on/off or reset button (indicated by 85 in the figures). As one
of ordinary skill in the art an on/off or reset button provides for
the activation of the UV device. An on/off or reset button can be
attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary on/off or reset button 85
are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS.
28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a central sleeve tightening knob (indicated by 86 in the figures).
A central sleeve tightening knob, for example, allows the precise
sliding of a central sleeve 12 into a housing 2 or onto a housing
2. Typically, a central sleeve tightening knob is tightened by a
person to maintain a central sleeve in a predetermined position. It
is loosened by a person to allow the central sleeve to be moved
from a first position to a second position. In the exemplary UV
device embodiment UV55 (see below) and others, movement of the
central sleeve can be upwardly or downwardly. A central sleeve
tightening knob can be attached to a UV device at various
locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary
central sleeve tightening knob 86 are described in detail in the UV
device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a translucent plastic ring (indicated by 87 in the figures). In
some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of LED
lights are located behind the translucent plastic ring. Upon
activation of the LED light, the light can be seen through the
translucent plastic ring. The appearance of a light signal may
indicate to a user of the UV device the time of use of the UV
device to perform the sterilization of a container, the termination
of a sterilization cycle, etc. A translucent plastic ring can be
attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary translucent plastic ring
87 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see
FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a stopping plate (indicated by 88 in the figures). A stopping plate
can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary stopping plate 88 are
described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28
and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a metal disc (indicated by 89 in the figures). A metal disc can be
attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary metal disc 89 are
described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28
and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a power cord (indicated by 90 in the figures). A power cord can be
attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary power cord 90 are
described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28
and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a handle (indicated by 91 in the figures). A handle provides for
the convenient transport of a UV device by a user. A handle can be
part of a central sleeve 12, such as an extension of a central
sleeve 12 (e.g., see FIGS. 28 and 29) A handle 91 can also be part
of a frame 6, an extension of a frame 6 or attached to a frame 6
(e.g., see FIGS. 38-41 and 46-48). The handle may be of a different
thickness than the central sleeve or frame. The handle and the
central sleeve or frame can be made of the same material. A
preferred material is a plastic. A preferred plastic is Delrin.
Another preferred material for a handle is a metal, preferably, a
light-weight metal. A handle can be attached to a UV device at
various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an
exemplary handle 91 are described in detail in the UV device
embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below), in FIG. 37, in UV
device Model BM1 (see FIGS. 38-41) and in UV device BM3 (see FIGS.
46-48).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a handle cap (indicated by 92 in the figures). In some embodiments,
a handle cap is attached to a handle 91. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a handle cap houses an acoustic speaker. Thus,
in some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an acoustic speaker. A handle cap can be attached to a UV device at
various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an
exemplary handle cap 92 are described in detail in the UV device
embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
one or more pins for attaching a UV lamp 5 to a UV lamp socket or
adaptor 94 (indicated by 93 in the figures). Pins 93 can be
attached to a UV lamp 5 at various locations, preferably at an end
of a UV lamp 5. Form, shape, positioning and function of exemplary
pins 93 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55
(see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
one or more UV lamp sockets or adaptors (indicated by 94 in the
figures). A UV lamp socket or adaptor 94 attaches a UV lamp 5 to a
UV device, preferably through pins 93. A UV lamp socket or adaptor
can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Typically,
each UV lamp 5 is attached to a UV lamp socket or adaptor 94. Form,
shape, positioning and function of an exemplary UV lamp socket or
adaptor 94 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55
(see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below), UV device Model BM1 (see FIGS. 38,
29, and 41), UV device Model BM2 (see FIG. 45), and UV device Model
BM3 (see FIG. 47A). FIGS. 53-55 and 60 show non-limiting
embodiments wherein UV lamp sockets or adaptors 94 are attached to
either a lower frame 146 or an upper frame of a UV device of the
UVT-4 family of UV devices.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a metal sleeve attachment ring (indicated by 95 in the figures). A
metal sleeve attachment ring can be attached to a UV device at
various locations. For example, it can be attached to a housing 2.
Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary metal sleeve
attachment ring 95 are described in detail in the UV device
embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a power supply of UV lamp ballast (indicated by 96 in the figures).
A power supply 96 can be attached to a UV device at various
locations. Preferably, a power supply is not visible from the
outside of a UV device and housed in an inner compartment (e.g.,
see control box 127 in FIGS. 42-45, 49-51) or in a cavity within
the UV device. A preferred cavity for housing a power supply 96 is
a power supply cavity 100. Typically, the power supply cavity is
covered by a power supply access plate 97 so that the power supply
is not visible from the outside. Form, shape, positioning and
function of an exemplary power supply 96 are described in detail in
the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below). A
ballast/power supply 96 may power one or more UV lamps 5. In some
embodiments, a single ballast/power supply 96 powers a UV lamp
cluster. In some embodiments, a single ballast/power supply 96
powers eight (8) UV lamps 5. In some embodiments, a single
ballast/power supply 96 powers four (4) UV lamps 5, i.e., when
eight (8) UV lamps 5 are configured into a UV device, two
ballasts/power supplies 96 may be employed. In some embodiments,
the ballast/power supply 96 powers each UV lamp 5 separately, i.e.,
each UV lamp is powered by a separate electrical cable, wire or
connector connecting the ballast/power supply 96 with that
particular UV lamp 5. In some embodiments, the ballast/power supply
96 powers in parallel a plurality of UV lamps 5, i.e., a plurality
of UV lamps 5 is powered by a single electrical cable, wire or
connector connecting the ballast/power supply 96 with the plurality
of UV lamps 5. In some embodiments, the ballast/power supply 96
powers in parallel a UV lamps 5 of a UV lamp cluster, i.e., the UV
lamps 5 of the UV lamp cluster are powered by a single electrical
cable, wire or connector connecting the ballast/power supply 96
with the UV lamps 5 of the UV lamp cluster.
In some embodiments, the ballasts/power supplies 96 are separated
from the UV lamps 5. That distance can vary. Distances can be about
1 m, about 2 m, about 3 m, about 4 m, about 5 m, about 6 m, about 7
m, about 8 m, about 9 m, about 10 m, about 11 m, about 12 m or even
more. For example, a UV device of the UVT-4 family of UV devices is
preferably used to sanitize large containers, large rooms or large
defined environments. In those embodiments, the UV light sources
and the power supply are physically separated from each other. This
option provides for a more light-weight portable UV device and also
provides greater flexibility with respect to moving and positioning
the UV device on its own or within such large container, large room
or large defined environment. In those embodiments, the UV light
source(s) attached to those UV devices are powered by a power
supply 96 that resides in a control box 127 and wherein a cable 143
connects the power supply 96 with the UV device and thus, with the
germicidal UV light source(s). In some embodiments, cable 143
consists of two cables 143, one being attached to the control box
127 as shown in FIGS. 49 and 50 and one being attached to the UV
device as shown in FIG. 52. When in use and when power is to be
provided to the UV device, those two cables 143 are then joined via
a socket 181 (FIG. 65). In other embodiments, a single long cable
143 is being used to connect the control box 127 to the UV device
directly, i.e., without connecting two sockets as described
above.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a power supply access plate (indicated by 97 in the figures). A
power supply access plate 97 can be attached to a UV device at
various locations. A power supply access plate covers a power
supply, which is housed in an inner compartment or cavity within
the UV device. A power supply cavity access plate may be screwed to
a UV device with one or more screws. Form, shape, positioning and
function of an exemplary power supply access plate 97 are described
in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and
below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an optical switch (indicated by 98 in the figures). An optical
switch, also referred to as cycle time count reset sensor, can be
attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary optical switch 98 are
described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28
and 29 and below).
As described herein, in some embodiments of the present invention,
a UV device comprises a circuit board (indicated by 103 in the
figures; see also FIGS. 26A-D, 36A-D and 68). A circuit board 103
can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Preferably, a
circuit board is not visible from the outside of a UV device and
housed in an inner compartment or cavity, e.g., within the UV
device or within a control box 127. A preferred cavity for housing
a circuit board 103 is a circuit board cavity 99. Typically, the
circuit board cavity is covered by a plate. Conveniently, a power
supply access plate 97 may also cover the circuit board so that the
circuit board is not visible from the outside. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary circuit board 103 and
circuit board cavity 99 are described in detail in the UV device
embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an AC to DC power converter (indicated by 101 in the figures). An
AC to DC power converter can be attached to a UV device at various
locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary AC
to DC power converter 101 are described in detail in the UV device
embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an electronic component (indicated by 102 in the figures). An AC to
DC power converter can be attached to a UV device at various
locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary
electronic component 102 are described in detail in the UV device
embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
one or more connectors or wires (indicated by 104 in the figures)
to connect to e.g., an LED, an optical switch, or an acoustic
speaker. Connectors and wires 104 can be attached to a UV device at
various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an
exemplary connectors and wires 104 are described in detail in the
UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
one or more connectors or wires (indicated by 105 in the figures)
to connect to a UV light source, such as a UV lamp 5. Connectors
and wires 105 can be attached to a UV device at various locations.
Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary connectors
and wires 105 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment
UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
one or more connectors or wires (indicated by 106 in the figures)
to connect to the power supply 96. Connectors and wires 106 can be
attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary connectors and wires 106
are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS.
28 and 29 and below).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an anchor (indicated by 107 in the figures). An anchor 107 can be
attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary anchor 107 are described
in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 30 and
below.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an anchor line (indicated by 108 in the figures). An anchor line
108 can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form,
shape, positioning and function of an exemplary anchor line 108 are
described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 30
and below.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an anchor connector (indicated by 109 in the figures). An anchor
connector 109 can be attached to a UV device at various locations.
Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary anchor
connector 109 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment
depicted in FIG. 30 and below.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a container 4
comprises manhole or port (indicated by 77 in the figures) as an
opening. A manhole or port 77, typically is found at large
containers 4, such as tanks and fermenters having a solid lid 29 or
are otherwise fully enclosed (other than the manhole or port 77
itself). A manhole or port 77 can be positioned at a container 4 at
various locations, preferably at a position close to the periphery
of the upper part of the container 4 as exemplary depicted in FIGS.
25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48. A manhole or port can also be located
at a lower portion of a side wall of a container 4, as exemplary
depicted in FIGS. 32, 33, 41, and 48. The manhole or port 77 is
wide enough to allow insertion of a UV device of the present
invention (e.g., see FIGS. 25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44, and 48).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a UV lamp cluster line (indicated by 111 in the figures). A UV lamp
cluster line 111 can be attached to a UV device at various
locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary UV
lamp cluster line 111 are described in detail in the UV device
embodiment depicted in FIG. 30 and below.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a twist lock (indicated by 116 in the figures). A twist lock 116
can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,
positioning and function of an exemplary twist lock 116 are
described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 34
and below.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an interface (indicated by 117 in the figures). An interface, e.g.,
permits a user to activate a UV device, by e.g., pushing a start
button. An interface, e.g., permits a user to inactivate a UV
device, by e.g., pushing a stop button. An interface, e.g., permits
a user to set the time it takes to perform a sterilization cycle.
An interface, e.g., permits a user to read the time remaining to
complete a sterilization cycle. An interface 117 can be attached to
a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and
function of an exemplary interface 117 are described in detail in
the UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 34 and below. Another
touchscreen interface as used exemplary in a UV device system
comprising an external control box 127, is indicated by 135 in
FIGS. 49 and 51. The touchscreen interface is adapted to provide
various inputs for functionalities as described herein.
Some UV devices of the present invention comprise an easily
accessible control box with an on-off switch to activate and shut
off (deactivate) the UV lamps. Further, UV devices comprise
circuitry for activating and shutting off (deactivating) the UV
lamps. The control box may include a lamp indicator light to show
whether power is being sent to the UV device.
Additional components attached to a UV device or a system of the
present invention are shown in FIGS. 49-68.
H. Positioning of a UV Light Source
As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the
positioning of a UV light source at a desired or predetermined
position for the UV sterilization of a container will be determined
by e.g., the shape and volume (dimension) of the container, vessel,
steel type used, and the shape, size and power output of the UV
light source. Given the guidance provided herein, one of ordinary
kill in the art will be able to properly position one or more UV
light sources to achieve a desired level of sanitization, a desired
killing or growth inhibition of one or more microorganisms using a
method of the invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is
suspended from a removable lid of a container of various
dimensions.
In other embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is
suspended from a fixed or hinged lid of a container of various
dimensions.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device is
portable. A portable UV device can be transported between different
vessels, vats and facilities.
In some embodiments of the present invention, e.g., when a UV
device is used to sterilize a rather large container, the UV light
source may be moved within the container from a first position to a
second position and from a second position to a third position.
This is demonstrated, for example in FIGS. 21 to 25, showing a UV
device in various positions and configurations, e.g., folded
position (FIG. 21), load position (FIG. 22), payout position or
first vertical downwards position (FIG. 23), horizontal position
(FIG. 24), and lamp down position or second vertical downwards
position (FIG. 25). For example, as shown in FIGS. 25, 29, 41, 44,
and 48, the UV light source is positioned in the approximate middle
(center position) of a container 4 to practice a method of the
invention. The height within a container at which a UV light source
is positioned may also depend on the shape and volume (dimension)
of the container, vessel, steel type used, and the shape, size and
power output of the UV light source. For example, UV device Models
BM1 and BM2 (described below in greater detail) permit descending a
UV light source to a desired position within a container 4 by
moving the UV light source from a first vertical position
downwardly to a second vertical position within the container 4.
Likewise, UV device Model BM3 (described below in greater detail)
optionally permits ascending a UV light source to a desired
position within a container 4 by moving the UV light source from a
first vertical position upwardly to a second vertical position
within the container 4.
Further, as demonstrated by UV device Model BM3, when placed on the
floor of a container 4 (see FIG. 48), a plurality of wheels 114
attached to the frame of that device, permits the UV device to be
moved into any desired position on the floor of the container 4 and
subsequently deploy the UV light source so that it can be
positioned at any desirable position within the container.
As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the
positioning of a UV light source at a desired or predetermined
position for the UV sterilization of a room, a space or a defined
environment will be determined by, e.g., the shape and dimension of
the room, space or a defined environment to be sanitized, and the
shape, size and power output of the UV light source. Given the
guidance provided herein, one of ordinary kill in the art will be
able to properly position one or more UV lamps to achieve the
desired killing or growth inhibition of one or more microorganisms
using a method of the invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is
suspended from a the ceiling of a room of various dimensions. In
other embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is
suspended from a fixed or hinged connecting part within a housing
of various dimensions. An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG.
27.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device is
portable. A portable UV device can be transported between different
rooms, spaces and defined environments.
In some embodiments of the present invention, e.g., when a UV
device is used to sterilize a rather large room, space or defined
environment, the UV light source may be moved within the room,
space or defined environment from a first position to a second
position and from a second position to a third position. As
described herein, for a large container, large room, or large
defined environment, a UV device may be positioned on a bottom
surface of such large container, large room, or large defined
environment using an extension tool, as exemplary shown in FIGS.
62-67.
I. Multiple UV Lamps/UV Light Sources
For use in the methods of the present invention, UV light sources,
also referred to herein as UV lamps, can be configured in a variety
of ways in a UV device. The configuration of one or more UV lamps
within a UV device is referred to herein also as a UV lamp assembly
or UV lamp cluster. In some embodiments of the present invention
more than one UV lamp is used for the sterilization of a container,
a room, a space or defined environment. Multiple UV lamps can be
clustered together or spaced apart either symmetrically or
asymmetrically in order to achieve the desired reduction in
microorganisms in a timely and efficient manner.
For example, FIGS. 2 and 3 depict embodiments of the present
invention where the UV assembly consists of a single UV lamp. FIGS.
4, 51-61, and 63-67 depict embodiments of the present invention
showing a UV lamp assembly having four UV lamps. FIG. 5 depicts an
embodiment of the present invention showing a UV lamp assembly
having eight UV lamps arranged in an octagonal configuration. In
addition, as depicted in FIG. 5, an additional UV lamp may be
attached to a support plate. Those UV lamps are typically mounted
to a frame 6, as shown, e.g., in FIGS. 4, 5, 14, 15, 21-25 or an
upper and lower frame as shown in FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67. FIGS.
21-25 and 42-48 depict an embodiment of the present invention
showing eight UV lamps attached to a frame 3 and an upper plate 42.
FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67 depict a non-limiting embodiment of the
present invention, a member of a UVT-4 family UV device, showing
four UV lamps, of which tow UV lamps are attached to a lower frame
146 and two are attached to an upper frame. Alternatively, those UV
lamps are attached to or enclosed in a housing 2, as shown, e.g.,
in FIGS. 2, 3, 6-13, 16, 21-25, 42-45, 51-61 and 63-67. When more
than one UV lamp is used in an UV assembly or in a method of the
present invention, each UV lamp may be the same or different.
In some embodiments of the present invention a UV device comprises
more than one UV lamp. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps
are clustered together. In some embodiments, at least three UV
lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, at least four UV
lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments, four UV lamps
are clustered together. In some embodiments, five UV lamps are
clustered together. In some embodiments, six UV lamps are clustered
together. In some embodiments, seven UV lamps are clustered
together. In some embodiments, eight UV lamps are clustered
together. The clustering of the lamps may be at perpendicular
angles as shown in FIG. 4 or at any other angle (e.g., FIGS. 21-25,
27, 32, 33, 45, and 48). The more than one UV lamps in a UV lamp
cluster can be positioned to each other at various angles ranging
from about 5 to about 45 degree, preferably from about 10 to about
30 degree, more preferably from about 15 to about 20 degree. In
some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV
lamps are positioned to each other in an about 5 degree angle. In
some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV
lamps are positioned to each other in an about 10 degree angle. In
some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV
lamps are positioned to each other in an about 15 degree angle. In
some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV
lamps are positioned to each other in an about 20 degree angle. In
some embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV
lamps are positioned to each other in an about 25 degree angle.
In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a
bracket. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to
a bracket. In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps are
attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps
are attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, four UV lamps are
attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, five UV lamps are
attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, six UV lamps are
attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, seven UV lamps are
attached to a bracket. In some embodiments, eight UV lamps are
attached to a bracket. The UV lamps may be attached to a means for
attaching the UV device to a container, e.g., a bracket as shown in
FIGS. 1-5, and 10-15, which typically, but not always, comprises
mounting the UV lamp to a housing or frame and mounting the housing
or frame to the bracket. Other embodiments for attaching a UV light
source, such as a UV lamp cluster, to a means for attaching the UV
device to a container, are shown in FIGS. 21-25 and 42-48.
In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a frame.
In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to a frame.
In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps are attached to a
frame. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps are attached to
a frame. Four UV lamps may be attached to a frame as shown
exemplary in FIGS. 4-9, 12, and 15. In some embodiments, at least
five UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at
least six UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments, at
least seven UV lamps are attached to a frame. In some embodiments,
at least eight UV lamps are attached to a frame. Eight UV lamps may
be attached to a frame as shown exemplary in FIGS. 5, 13, 21-25 and
42-48. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 21-25 and 42-48, the UV
lamps are also attached to an upper plate 42.
In a non-limiting example of a member of a UVT-4 family of UV
devices, two UV lamps are attached in a parallel configuration to a
lower frame and two UV lamps are attached in a parallel
configuration to an upper frame (see FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67).
In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a
housing. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to
a housing. In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps are
attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps
are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least five UV
lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least six
UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at least
seven UV lamps are attached to a housing. In some embodiments, at
least eight UV lamps are attached to a housing. FIG. 27 depicts an
embodiment of the present invention where a UV assemble comprises
15 UV lamps, arranged in five UV lamp clusters each having three UV
lamps and of which one UV lamp cluster is stationary and four UV
lamp clusters are movable. In this embodiment, a light box 79,
comprising a back wall 80 for mounting to the ceiling of a room is
considered an equivalent of a housing 2. FIG. 27 depicts a UV
device mountable to a ceiling or wall of a room, a space or defined
environment.
J. UV Lamp Cluster
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp is
configured into a UV lamp cluster. Increasing the number of UV
lamps increases the intensity of UV light emitted throughout the
tank or container. For packaging purposes, multiple short UV lamps
are preferable to fewer long UV lamps. The increased UV intensity
decreases the time necessary for sterilization or sanitization.
Exemplary UV lamp clusters of a UV device are shown in FIGS. 2-25,
27, 30, 32, 33, 37-48, 51-61 and 63-67. While FIG. 20 shows that
the UV lamps are not in a housing, in some embodiments UV lamps may
be in a protective housing (e.g., FIGS. 21-25, 27, 28-35, 37-40A,
42, 43, 51-61 and 63-67). In some embodiments, UV lamps assembled
into a UV lamp cluster are spring loaded. As they emerge from the
housing, they spring out to a relatively optimal angle of 15
degrees. Other preferred angles are 10 degrees, 11 degrees, 12
degrees, 13 degrees, 14 degrees, 16 degrees, 17 degrees, 18
degrees, 19 degrees, and 20 degrees. These angles are preferred as
they allow for good UV coverage on both horizontal and vertical
surfaces of a container.
In some embodiments of the present invention, UV lamp clusters can
move out of a housing due to being attached via a hinge mechanism,
i.e., wherein the UV device comprises, for example, a hinge or a UV
lamp module swing 81, allowing the so attached UV lamps/UV lamp
cluster to move from a closed position (e.g., when not in use) into
an exposed position (i.e., for sanitization). An exemplary
embodiment of such a UV device is shown in FIG. 27.
In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster is lowered into a container
on a rope.
K. Scissor Boom
In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UV
device comprises one or more means for moving a UV light source to
a predetermined position, typically to a predetermined position
within a container, a room, a space or defined environment. A means
for moving the UV light source can be a means for moving the UV
light source to vertical downwards position in a container, room,
space or defined environment. Another means for moving the UV light
source can be a means for moving the UV light source to a
horizontal position in a container, a room, a space or defined
environment. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV
device comprises more than one means for moving a UV light source
to a predetermined position within a container, a room, a space or
defined environment. For example, a UV device may comprise a means
for moving the UV light source to a first vertical downwards
position within a container, a room, a space or defined
environment. The UV device may also comprise a means for moving the
UV light source from the first vertical position to a horizontal
position within a container, a room, a space or defined
environment. The UV device may also comprise a means for moving the
UV light source from the horizontal position to a second vertical
downwards position within a container, a room, a space or defined
environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
a means for moving a UV light source to a predetermined position
within a container, a room, a space or defined environment and is
referred to as a scissor boom.
A scissor boom comprises a first end and a second end. The first
end is also referred to as inner end, and the second end is also
referred to as outer end.
In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least one
scissor unit between its first end and second end. In some
embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least two scissor units
between its first end and second end. In some embodiments, the
scissor boom comprises at least three scissor units between its
first end and second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom
comprises at least four scissor units between its first end and
second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at
least five scissor units between its first end and second end. In
some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least ten scissor
units between its first end and second end. A scissor unit can be
made from any material. A preferred scissor bracket is a metal
bracket. In some embodiments, a metal bracket is an aluminum
bracket. Aluminum brackets are particularly preferred based on low
cost and low weight. Preferred are also carbon fiber brackets. The
scissor units are connected to each other by pivots. The pivots
allow the horizontal extension of the scissor boom units.
The dimensions of a scissor boom for use in the methods of the
present invention are not limited. A scissor boom may have various
dimensions and may extend for several feet. A non-limiting scissor
boom constructed by the Applicant measures about 10'' by 10'' by
50'' in its retracted position and can extend over 15 feet.
In some embodiments of the present invention, an actuator unit is
mounted to the first end of the scissor boom. An exemplary,
non-limiting, embodiment of a linear actuator 37 is shown in FIG.
19. An actuator of the present invention operates by conversion of
a rotary motion into a linear motion. An actuator extends the
scissor boom and the extent of the expansion is determined by a
sensor.
In some embodiments, a UV lamp 5 is mounted to the second end of
the scissor boom. In some embodiments of this UV device, the UV
lamp 5 is housed in a housing (e.g., FIG. 19). In some embodiments,
a UV lamp cluster 41 (i.e., more than one UV lamp) is mounted to
the second end of the scissor boom. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises at least two
germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises at least three germicidal UV
light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV
lamp cluster comprises at least four germicidal UV light sources.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster
comprises at least five germicidal UV light sources. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises
two germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the present
invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises three germicidal UV light
sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp
cluster comprises four germicidal UV light sources. In some
embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises
five germicidal UV light sources.
In some embodiments of this UV device, the UV lamp cluster 41 is
housed in a UV lamp cluster housing 36 (FIG. 19). In some
embodiments, the first end of the scissor boom is attached to an
additional bracket mounted to a container (e.g., an adjusting
bracket 24 as shown in FIG. 10) so that the scissor boom can be
moved up and down via sliding rails 39 located at the inner end of
the scissor boom (FIG. 19).
A scissor boom of the present invention can move (a) horizontally
from an interior position of a container (i.e., from its folded
position, FIG. 19A) towards the inner wall of the container (i.e.,
into its extended position, FIG. 19B) via slide rail 40, (b)
vertically along sliding rails 39 in an up and down movement, and
(c) in a circular motion when the scissor boom is fixed at a
desired vertical position in the container and in its extended
position. In the embodiments where the UV lamp(s) are within a
housing, upon reaching the desired position, the UV lamp(s) are
released and the housing is removed.
L. UV Lamp Cluster Assembly Combined with Scissor Boom
In some embodiments, a UV device of the present invention comprises
a UV lamp cluster and a scissor boom. In some embodiments, a UV
lamp cluster comprise three UV lamps. In some embodiments, a UV
lamp cluster comprise four UV lamps. In some embodiments, a UV lamp
cluster comprise five UV lamps. The function of the scissor boom
mechanism is to move the UV lamps horizontally across the top of a
container and position the UV lamps to the central axis of the
container. A linear actuator (37 in FIG. 19) pushes the scissor
mechanism up and down a slide rail (39 in FIG. 19) allowing the
length of the scissor to be varied according to the diameter of the
container. Slide rails (40 in FIG. 19) on the second side of the
scissor boom allow the system to expand and contract in length.
Once in place, the UV lamp cluster is dropped from its housing, if
present (36, in FIG. 19), and lowered down the central axis of the
container.
The UV lamp cluster may be housed in a protective housing 36 (FIG.
19) and can be attached to a winch at the second end of a scissor
mechanism. Once the linear actuator extends the scissor boom to the
central position in the tank, the winch drops the UV lamp cluster
from the protective cover. As this occurs, the UV lamps will spring
out into a tripod configuration in case three UV lamps were
clustered (FIG. 20B). An algorithm based on the diameter and depth
of the tank will determine the speed at which the winch lowers and
raises the tripod configuration. These distances may be determined
either by ultrasonic or laser range finders. As the winch retracts
the lamp back into the protective housing, the lamps are forced
back into a vertical position and secured in that position by the
lower plate (FIG. 20A). The scissor arm is then retracted and the
system can be removed from the tank.
The entire UV device unit can be mounted to the port of a tank via
either a molding attached to the slide rails. This molding or
bracket can be made from a variety of materials, including various
polymers, aluminum or other metals or carbon fiber. Preferably, it
will be made for the lightest and most cost effective material. The
standard access port on most modern tanks is offset to one side of
the tank and is 18'' in diameter.
M. UV Device with Telescoping Arm
In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV
device comprises a means for moving a UV light source to a
predetermined position within a container, a room, a space or
defined environment and is referred to herein as a UV device with
telescoping arm. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present
invention, a UV device comprises a UV light source that is attached
to a telescopic arm 46. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46
corresponds to a central sleeve 12 (as shown exemplary in FIGS.
7-11), comprising two or more movable units, referred to herein as
telescoping units 47. Exemplary embodiments of a UV device
comprising a telescopic arm 46 are shown in various configurations
in FIGS. 21-25.
FIGS. 21-25 depict several views of an exemplary embodiment of a UV
device of the present invention comprising a telescopic arm as a
means for moving a UV light source or a UV lamp cluster to a
desired position within a container, a room, a space or defined
environment. The UV device is shown schematically in various
configurations: in its folded position (FIG. 21), in its load
position (FIG. 22), in its payout position (FIG. 23), in its
horizontal position (FIG. 24), and in its UV lamp down position
(FIG. 25). While FIGS. 21-25 show a UV device comprising a
telescopic arm and a UV lamp cluster having eight UV lamps, any
number of UV lamps can be attached to a UV device having a
telescopic arm 46.
The telescopic arm 46 comprises two or more telescoping units 47.
The number of telescoping units is not important for practicing the
methods of the present invention as long as the telescoping units
47 can be used to move the UV light source to a desired position
within a container (e.g., see FIGS. 21-25), a room, a space or
defined environment. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46
comprises two or more telescoping units 47. In some embodiments,
the telescopic arm 46 comprises two telescoping units 47. In some
embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises three telescoping
units 47. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises four
telescoping units 47. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46
comprises five telescoping units 47. In some embodiments, the
telescopic arm 46 comprises six telescoping units 47. An example of
a telescopic arm 46 comprising six telescoping units 47 is shown in
FIGS. 21-25. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises
seven telescoping units 47. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm
46 comprises eight telescoping units 47. In some embodiments, the
telescopic arm 46 comprises nine telescoping units 47. In some
embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises ten telescoping units
47. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises more than
ten telescoping units 47.
The form of the telescoping units 47 is not important for
practicing the methods of the present invention as long as the
telescoping units 47 can be used to move the UV light source to a
desired (also referred to as predetermined) position within a
container, a room, a space or defined environment. The telescoping
units 47 can be of any form. For example, in some embodiments, the
telescoping units 47 are square. In some embodiments, the
telescoping units 47 are rectangular. In some embodiments, the
telescoping units 47 are round. In some embodiments, the
telescoping units 47 are oval. In one embodiment of a UV device of
the present invention, exemplified in FIGS. 21-25, the telescoping
units 47 are square.
The dimensions of the telescoping units 47 are not important for
practicing the methods of the present invention as long as the
telescoping units 47 can be used to move the UV light source to a
desired position within a container, a room, a space or defined
environment. The telescoping units 47 may have various dimensions.
Typically a telescoping unit 47 having the smallest diameter,
D.sub.1, is surrounded by a telescoping unit 47 having a larger
diameter, D.sub.2, which in turn is surrounded by a telescoping
unit 47 having a larger diameter, D.sub.3, which in turn is
surrounded by a telescoping unit 47 having a larger diameter,
D.sub.4, and so on. An exemplary embodiment thereof, showing six
telescoping units 47 of different diameters, is shown in FIGS.
21-25. In the embodiment shown schematically in FIGS. 21-25 and
produced by the inventor, the diameter D.sub.1 of the inner
telescoping unit 47 is about 20.times.20 mm, the diameter D.sub.2
of the next larger telescoping unit 47 is about 30.times.30 mm, the
diameter D.sub.3 of the next larger telescoping unit 47 is about
40.times.40 mm, the diameter D.sub.4 of the next larger telescoping
unit 47 is about 50.times.50 mm, the diameter D.sub.5 of the next
larger telescoping unit 47 is about 60.times.60 mm, and the
diameter D.sub.6 of the next larger telescoping unit 47 is about
70.times.70 mm. In the embodiment shown schematically in FIGS.
21-25 and produced by the inventor, the length of the telescoping
unit 47 is about 3 feet each. Each telescoping unit 47 may,
however, be of a different length, i.e., longer or shorter than 3
feet.
Each telescoping unit 47 has two ends, a first end and a second
end, with which they are connected to another telescoping unit 47
or to a UV light source with respect to the inner telescoping unit
47 or to a means for attaching the UV device to a container, such
as a hanger with respect to the outer telescoping unit 47 (see
FIGS. 21-25). Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention,
as exemplified in FIGS. 21-25, the UV light source is connected to
a first end of the inner telescoping unit 47. More specifically
with respect to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 21-25, the UV light
source is connected to the inner telescoping unit 47 having a
diameter D.sub.1, the second end of the inner (or smallest in
diameter) telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D.sub.1 is
connected to the first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a
diameter D.sub.2, the second end of the telescoping unit 47 having
a diameter D.sub.2 is connected to the first end of a telescoping
unit 47 having a diameter D.sub.3, the second end of the
telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D.sub.3 is connected to the
first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D.sub.4, the
second end of the telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D.sub.4 is
connected to the first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a
diameter D.sub.5, and the second end of the telescoping unit 47
having a diameter D.sub.5 is connected to the first end of a
telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D.sub.6.
The most outer (or largest in diameter) telescoping unit 47 is
attached to a telescopic arm pivot 73, which in turn is attached to
the means for attaching the UV device to a container 4, such as
hanger as exemplified in FIGS. 21-25. The telescopic pivot arm 73
allows the UV device to be moved from a vertical position to a
horizontal position and vice versa so that the UV light source can
be positioned at a desired position within a container (see FIGS.
21-25), a room, a space or defined environment.
While the embodiment of the UV device having a telescopic arm shown
in FIGS. 21-25 shows the telescopic unit 47 having the smallest
diameter as the inner telescoping unit 47 and attached to the UV
light source, in some embodiments it is the telescopic unit 47
having the largest diameter which is attached to the UV light
source. In this embodiment, the telescopic unit 47 having the
smallest diameter is attached to the telescopic arm pivot.
The telescopic (used herein interchangeably with the term
"telescoping") arm 46 and the telescoping units 47 can be of any
material as long as the material is strong enough allowing the
moving of the UV light source to a desired position as described
herein. A preferred material is metal.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 21-25, UV lamps 5 are
clustered in a UV lamp cluster and are enclosed within a housing 2,
such as a UV mesh cage, which allows the UV light to pass through.
In some embodiments, the UV lamps 5 are attached to a frame 6, and
to an upper plate 42. The upper plate 42 is connected to a UV lamp
pivot arm 49 allowing the UV lamp cluster to be positioned in a
desired position and orientation. In a preferred orientation, as
shown e.g., in FIGS. 24 and 25, the UV light source points towards
the bottom of a container.
In some embodiments, the UV lamp pivot arm 49 is attached to a UV
lamp stop block 50. The UV lamp stop block 50 stops the UV light
source from being retracted too high into the telescoping arm
46.
In some embodiments, a means for attaching the UV device to a
container, i.e., referred to as hanger in FIGS. 21-25, is used to
attach the UV device to a container, a room, a space or defined
environment. The hanger can be attached to a pulley mount arm 51,
to which also other parts of the UV device can be attached, such as
the motorized unit 1 (also referred to as motor) and a winch 48. In
some embodiments, the hanger comprises one or more hanger support
bars 52 and a clamp post 53 for firmly attaching the UV device to a
container, a room, a space or defined environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention the means for moving
the UV light source to a desired position within a container, a
room, a space or defined environment is the telescopic arm 46. The
telescoping units 47 of the telescopic arm 46 can be moved either
manually, by gravity, or with a motorized unit 1 (also referred to
as motor). In some embodiments, the motorized unit 1 is attached to
a reel assembly 54 and also permits moving the UV light source from
a horizontal position to a vertical downwards position within the
container (as described further herein) a room, a space or defined
environment.
In some embodiments, the reel assembly 54 is attached to a pulley
mount arm 51. In some embodiments, the reel assembly comprises one
or more of the following: a reel assembly motor mount 55, a reel
assembly idler post 57 for mounting the reel assembly 54 to the
pulley mount bar 51, a reel assembly top plate 58, one or more reel
assembly flanges 59, a reel assembly hub 60, and a reel assembly
drive post 61. A preferred configuration of those parts is shown in
FIGS. 21-25.
The motorized unit 1 or gravity or a winch (manually) extends the
telescoping arm 46 comprising of multiple telescoping units 47 from
a folded position (FIG. 21) and load position (FIG. 22) into the
payout position (FIG. 23). In some embodiments, the motor 1 is
connected to a reel assembly 54 (shown in greater detail in FIGS.
21 E-G). In some embodiments, the motor 1 connects to the reel
assembly 54 via a reel assembly motor unit 55 and a motor coupler
56.
In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV
device comprises a means for moving a UV light source from a
vertical downwards position (also referred sometimes as first
vertical downwards position) into a horizontal position. In some
embodiments the means for moving the UV light source from the
vertical downwards position into the horizontal position is a winch
48. In other embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source
from the vertical position into the horizontal position is a
motorized unit or a motor. A winch 48 may be operated manually by
hand.
In some embodiments, a winch 48 is attached to the pulley mount arm
51 and moves the telescoping arm 46 and the telescoping units 47
from the payout position (FIG. 23; also referred to as first
vertical downward position) into a horizontal position (FIG. 24).
In some embodiments, a winch 48 comprises one or more of the
following: a winch pulley guide 62, a winch guide pulley shaft 63,
a winch shaft 64, a winch hub 65, a winch top plate 66, one or more
winch flanges 67, a winch ratchet retainer 68, a pawl 69, and a
crank or handle 70. A preferred configuration of those parts is
shown in FIGS. 21-25. A winch guide pulley shaft 63 allows the
winch pulley guide 62 to rotate and reduce friction. In some
embodiments, the winch shaft 64 allows the winch hub 65 to spin and
wind and unwind a cable 7. Cable 7 typically wraps around winch hub
65. A winch top plate 66 adds structural integrity to the winch
assembly 48. A winch ratchet retainer 68 keeps the ratchet from
slipping off. In some embodiments, cable 7 connects the winch 48,
more specifically, the winch hub 65 with the UV light source so
that the UV light source can be moved e.g., from the horizontal
position (FIG. 24) towards the bottom of the container, i.e., to a
vertical position, more specifically, to a second vertical
downwards position. The length of the cable 7 is sufficient to
allow the UV light source to be moved from the horizontal position
to a position close to the bottom of the container, i.e., into a
second vertical downwards position and back into its horizontal
position (see FIG. 25).
In some embodiments, the outer telescoping unit 47 of the
telescopic arm 46 is attached to the bottom part of the pulley
mount arm 51 by one or more cross member support bars 71 and a
cross bar stop plate 72. One end of the outer telescopic unit 47 is
connected to a telescopic arm pivot 73 allowing the telescoping arm
to be moved from the loaded (FIG. 22) or layout position (FIG. 23)
into a horizontal position (FIG. 24).
In some embodiments, a UV device having a telescopic arm comprises
one or more of the following: a lifting eye 74 having a lifting eye
base 75 and a lifting eye side support 76 (e.g., FIGS. 21E, F). In
some embodiments, the lifting eye 74 is attached to the outer
telescoping unit 47 and to the pulley mount arm 51. The lifting eye
74 allows carrying and transporting the UV device when not in
use.
1. Load Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm
Generally, the positioning of a UV light source described herein
into a desired or predetermined position can be done manually, by
gravity, or by using a motor.
Unless permanently attached to a container, when practicing a
method of the present invention, a UV device will be attached to a
container 4 In FIG. 22, the attachment is schematically shown for a
UV device having a telescopic arm 46 and referred to as load
position. In the load position some parts of the UV device, such as
the telescopic arm 46 and the UV light source 5 are movably
inserted through an opening at the container, such as a manhole or
port 77 so that the telescopic arm pivot 73 is below the manhole
77.
2. Payout Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm (First
Vertical Position)
Once attached to a container 4 and released from its load
configuration (see, FIG. 22), the telescoping units 47 of the
telescopic arm 46 can movably position the UV light source 5 (e.g.,
a UV lamp cluster) to any desired position within a container and
for practicing the methods of the present invention. In some
embodiments for practicing methods of the present invention, the UV
lamp cluster is moved from its released or load configuration
vertically downwards towards the bottom of the container. This
vertical extension of the telescoping units 47 (units that can be
moved into each other) is shown schematically in FIG. 22. One or
more interior telescoping units 47 move outwards of the telescoping
arm 46 into a vertical downwards position.
When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present
having a telescopic arm 46, the UV device is moved from its load
position into its payout position. A UV device of the present
invention in its payout position is schematically shown in FIG. 23.
As described herein, a means for moving the UV light source to a
first vertical downwards position moves the UV source into that
position. In some embodiments, the means for moving the UV light
source to the first vertical downwards position is the telescopic
arm 46 having telescoping units 47. In some embodiments, the means
for moving the UV light source to a first vertical downwards
position is gravity.
The extent of the downward movement of the UV light source is
determined by a premounted radiofrequency identification chip (RFID
chip) which contains information about the dimensions of the
container and relays that information to a circuit board on the UV
device. The extent of the first downward movement of the UV light
source is determined mainly by the diameter of the container and
typically is about one half of the diameter of the container. For
example, if the container has a diameter of 20 feet, the extent of
the first downward movement of the UV light source is about 10
feet. This will guarantee that upon moving the UV light source into
the horizontal position (see below), the UV light source will be
positioned in the approximate center of the container.
3. Horizontal Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm
When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present
having a telescopic arm 46, the UV device (and as such, the UV
light source) is moved from its payout position (i.e., first
vertical downwards position) into its horizontal position. The
invention contemplates various means for moving the UV light source
from the first vertical downwards position to a horizontal
position. A UV device of the present invention in its horizontal
position is schematically shown in FIG. 24. As described herein, a
means for moving the UV light source from the first vertical
downwards position to a horizontal position is a winch. In some
embodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from the
first vertical downwards position to a horizontal position is a
motorized unit,
Upon activating the means for moving the UV light source from the
first vertical downwards position to the horizontal position, the
UV device pivots at the telescopic arm pivot 73 and the telescopic
arm 46 and its telescopic units 47 move from the first vertical
downwards position to the horizontal position. After positioning
the UV device in its horizontal position, the UV light source faces
downwards into the container and ideally is positioned within the
approximate center of the container to be sterilized (see FIG.
25).
The UV light source may be activated at any time while practicing a
method of the present invention. In some embodiments, when the UV
light source is positioned in its horizontal position within the
container, the UV light source is activated.
4. Lamp Down Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm
(Second Vertical Position)
When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present
having a telescopic arm 46, the UV device is moved from its
horizontal position to its lamp down position, also referred to
herein as second vertical downwards position. The invention
contemplates various means for moving the UV light source from the
horizontal downwards position to the lamp down position. A UV
device of the present invention in its second vertical downwards
position is schematically shown in FIG. 25. In some embodiments,
the means for moving the UV light source from the horizontal
position to the second vertical downwards position is a motorized
unit or a motor. In other embodiments, the means for moving the UV
light source from the horizontal position to the second vertical
downwards position is gravity. In some embodiments, the means for
moving the UV light source from the horizontal position to the
second vertical downwards position is a winch.
When the UV light source is moved towards the second vertical
downwards position, a cable 7 connecting the UV light source 5 with
the reel assembly 54, and the reel assembly hub 60 rolls off from
the reel assembly hub 60 and moves the UV light source 5 downwards
towards the bottom of the container. In some embodiments, the time
for the downwards movement of the UV light source is controlled by
a radiofrequency identification chip (RFID chip) or tag, which
contain information about the UV lamps used and dimensions of the
container and relays that information to a circuit board on the UV
device and/or to the motor if a motor is being used for moving the
UV light source into its second vertical downwards position.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the larger the
radius of the container is (i.e., the distance of the UV light
source to the interior wall of the container), the slower the speed
will be with which the UV light source is moved from its horizontal
position into its second vertical downwards position. Accordingly,
the larger the radius of the container is, the longer the descent
will be with which the UV light source is moved from its horizontal
position into its second vertical downwards position. The speed of
the downwards movement or the descent of the UV light source is
adjusted to guarantee that the growth of one or more microorganism
located on an interior surface of the container is inhibited as
described herein. In some non-limiting examples, the speed with
which the UV light source is moved from its horizontal position
into its second downwards vertical position is 12 inches per
minute.
Once the method of the invention has been practiced, the UV device
is moved from its lamp-down position (second vertical downwards
position) into its horizontal position, then into its payout
position (first vertical downwards position) and then into its load
position. At that time, the UV device can be detached from the
container or can remain attached to the container until the next
use.
While moving into its second vertical downwards position, the UV
light source remains activated to perform a method of the present
invention, i.e., the UV sterilization of an interior surface of a
container.
5. Additional Vertical Movements
In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom
comprises a UV lamp and a means for vertically moving the UV lamp
from an upper position within a container to a lower position of
the container. The same means for moving the UV lamp from the upper
position within a container, room, space or defined environment to
the lower position of the container, room, space or defined
environment can be used to move the UV lamp from the lower position
within the container, room, space or defined environment to an
upper position of the container, room, space or defined
environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for moving a
UV lamp from an upper position within a container, room, space or
defined environment to a lower position within a container, room,
space or defined environment and/or from a lower position within a
container, room, space or defined environment to an upper position
within a container, room, space or defined environment is by using
an actuator. Thus, in some embodiments, a scissor boom comprises an
actuator. An exemplary scissor boom is shown in FIG. 19. A
preferred means for effectuating the vertical movement of the
scissor boom is an actuator.
An actuator is a mechanical device for moving a UV lamp to a
desired position within a container. In some embodiments, the
actuator is a linear actuator. An actuator of the present invention
actuates up and down (or in a lateral direction) and moves a cross
bar with it effectively extending and retracting a scissor
mechanism (FIG. 19).
In some embodiments, the linear actuator is mounted to a
bracket.
In some embodiments, the linear actuator 37 is a DC linear
actuator. In some embodiments, the linear actuator 37 is an AC
linear actuator.
The force of the actuator can vary significantly, however, will be
sufficient to move a UV lamp to a desired position within a
container. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at
least 100 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at
least 200 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at
least 300 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at
least 500 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at
least 750 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at
least 1,000 lbs. In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is
at least 1,200 lbs.
6. Additional Horizontal Movements
In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom
comprises a UV lamp and a means for horizontally moving the UV lamp
from an inner position of a container to an outer position of the
container. The same means for moving the UV lamp from the inner
position of the container to the outer position of the container
can be used to move the UV lamp from the outer position of the
container to an inner position of the container.
Effectuating a horizontal movement of a scissor boom, i.e.,
extending a scissor boom from its folded position to its extended
position can be done manually or via a motorized unit. Manual
extension of a scissor boom to a desired position can be done when
the distance between the UV lamp(s) and the inner wall of the
container is constant, i.e., in a container with straight walls and
where the interior diameter throughout the height of a container
will be constant.
Some containers, such as wooden wine barrels, however, often do not
have straight walls. In those containers, the interior diameter of
a container varies. The diameter typically is smallest at the top
and bottom of the container and the greatest at the middle of the
container. For those containers a controllable motorized extension
and retraction of the scissor boom is preferred.
Thus, in some embodiments extending a scissor boom to a desired
position is performed by a motorized unit, also referred to as a
motor unit. In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor
boom comprises a motor unit for effectuating the horizontal
movement of a UV lamp mounted to a second end of the scissor boom
to an inner wall of a container. The motor unit then essentially
expands the scissor units of the scissor boom so that the UV
lamp(s) mounted at the opposite end (outer end) of the scissor boom
than the motor unit can be positioned at a desired position within
a container. Upon activation of the scissor mechanism, the one or
more UV lamps attached to the outer end of the scissor boom move
from its (their) folded position (FIG. 19A) towards an extended
position (FIG. 19B). This movement is horizontally towards the
inner wall of a container (and backwards to its folded position).
In its extended position, the UV lamps of the scissor boom are
close to the inner wall of the container so that when activated
(switched on), the desired effect on the microorganisms present on
the wall of the container will be achieved (as described
herein).
In some embodiments, the motorized unit is attached to the first
end of scissor boom. In some embodiments, a sensor is attached to
the scissor boom. The sensor can be attached to the second end of
the scissor boom, e.g., in close proximity to a UV lamp. In some
embodiments, the sensor, such as a laser range finder described
herein, is attached to sliding rail 40. The sensor measures the
distance from the UV lamp(s) to the wall of the container. The
sensor is connected to the motorized unit for extending and
retracting the scissor boom. The sensor effectively guarantees that
the UV lamp(s) are positioned in the same distance to the inner
wall of the container. In case where the sensor senses that the UV
lamp(s) is too far away from the inner wall of the container, it
sends a signal to the motor unit, which then extends the scissor
mechanism accordingly allowing the UV lamp(s) to be moved closer to
the inner wall of the container until a desired position is
achieved. Likewise, should the sensor sens that the UV lamp(s) are
too close to the inner wall of the container, it sends a signal to
the motor unit, which then retracts the scissor mechanism
accordingly allowing the UV lamp(s) to move further away from the
inner wall of the container until a desired position is achieved.
Thus, the sensor is connected to the motor unit.
A preferred means for effectuating the horizontal movement of the
scissor boom is an actuator.
7. Circular Movement
In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom
comprises a UV lamp and a means for circular moving one or more UV
lamp(s) from one position within a container, room, space or
defined environment to another position of the container, room,
space or defined environment. A motorized unit (motor unit) can be
used to effectuate the circular movement of the one or more UV
lamp(s). Preferably, a sensor is attached to the second end of the
scissor boom and sends signals to a second motorized unit (motor
unit) for extending and/or retracting the scissor mechanisms to
adjust for the respective distance between the UV lamp(s) and the
inner wall of the container, room, space or defined
environment.
A scissor boom can be mounted at its first end to an inner wall of
a container, room, space or defined environment or to a (removable)
bracket as shown e.g., in FIG. 10 for a container. When mounted to
an inner wall of a container at a first position or a bracket, the
circular motion of the scissor boom is somewhat limited. The UV
lamp(s) will, for example, not cover, and thus, not efficiently
sterilize, the wall part of the inner container to which the
scissor boom is mounted, i.e., the first position. Microorganisms
present at around the first position may not be growth inhibited to
the extent desired. This limitation can easily be overcome by
mounting the scissor boom to the opposite position of its first
mounting position, i.e., into a second position, and repeat the UV
sterilization process.
To overcome the need for repositioning the scissor boom and to
permit a complete circular rotation, in some embodiments of the
present invention, a scissor boom is mounted to a central post,
which can be positioned in the center of a container. In this
embodiment, the circular motion of the scissor boom is such that it
allows to cover 360.degree. of the container, room, space or
defined environment i.e., the complete inner walls of the
container, room, space or defined environment. The central post may
reach to the bottom of the container and/or may be connected to a
lid of the container or, alternatively to a bracket resting on top
of the container for stabilization and desired positioning.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the circular movement
of a scissor boom (when extended) is done manually by pivoting the
UV device. The UV device may be set in a position upon installation
in the center of a container, room, space or defined environment
that will allow the scissor boom to extend from the center of the
container, room, space or defined environment to the outer region
of the container, room, space or defined environment.
Alternatively, the UV device may be set in a position upon
installation at a wall of a container, room, space or defined
environment that will allow the scissor boom to extend from the
wall of the container, room, space or defined environment to the
outer region of the container, room, space or defined
environment.
The speed of the circular motion of the scissor boom is adjusted to
obtain a desired effect, i.e., the growth inhibition of
microorganisms present on the inner wall of the container, or in a
desired area in the room, space or defined environment.
While individual parts of UV devices have been set forth herein and
described in detail, below, some specific portable UV devices will
be described in greater detail below. One of ordinary skill in that
art, however, will be able, upon reading this specification to add
additional parts and components to those portable UV devices that
are not specifically mentioned in the description of those specific
portable UV devices.
N. UV Device UV55 Family
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV
device referred to herein as Model UV55 family. An exemplary member
of a UV55 device family is schematically depicted in FIGS. 28 and
29 and explained in detail below and herein.
UV device UV55 comprises an 18'' single ended low pressure mercury
lamp 5 supplied by Steril-Aire (FIG. 28H). The UV lamp 5 is
attached to the base of a cylindrical plastic (Delrin) central
sleeve 12 by a UV lamp socket or adaptor 94 (FIG. 28G) The UV lamp
pins 93 plug into the UV lamp socket or adaptor 94 (FIGS. 28 G, H)
The UV lamp socket or adaptor 94 is attached to a cylindrical
central sleeve 12 (FIG. 28G).
The cylindrical central sleeve 12 comprises two cavities, a circuit
board cavity 99 and a power supply cavity 100 (FIG. 28E). A power
supply 96 resides within the power supply cavity 100 (FIG. 28E).
Within the power supply cavity 100 also reside a connector and
wires 105 from the power supply 96 to the UV lamp 5 (FIG. 28E).
Within the circuit board cavity 99 reside an AC to DC power
converter 101, electronic components 102, a circuit board 103 as
well as a connector and wires 104 from on/off/reset switch 85 and
optical switch 98 (FIG. 28E)
Also within the aforementioned cavities 99 and 100 are connector
and wires 106 connecting the power supply 96 and the AC to DC power
converter 101 (FIG. 28E)
Cavities 99 and 100 can be accessed through a power supply access
plate 97, which is screwed by a plurality of screws to the central
sleeve 12 to cover the cavities 99 and 100 and protect the power
supply 96, circuit board 103 and other components residing within
the cavities 99 and 100 (FIGS. 28A, E).
The top of the UV device embodiment UV55 comprises a hanging hook
84, and an on/off/reset button 85 (FIGS. 28A, B, D, F). The
on/off/reset button 85 activates and terminates the UV device. The
hanging hook 84 is attached to a handle cap 92, which forms the top
part of a handle 91 (FIGS. 28A, B, D, F). Handle 91 is a narrower
extension of the central sleeve 12 (FIGS. 28A, B, D, F).
At the lower end of handle 91 is a metal disc 89 protecting a
translucent blue plastic ring 87, which may or may not comprise a
plurality of LED lights inside (FIGS. 28A, B, D-F). Partially
protruding from the translucent blue plastic ring 87 is an entrance
for an external power cord 90 (FIGS. 28A, B, D-F).
A stainless steel housing 2 slides over the cylindrical sleeve 12
however does not extend beyond the plastic blue translucent ring 87
(FIGS. 28A, C, D-G). When the unit is not mounted on the lid 29 of
a container 4 (such as a keg, a drum, a barrel, a porta tank, etc.)
the stainless steel housing 2 is extended to cover the length of
the UV lamp 5 so that none of it is exposed or visible from the
outside when the UV device stands on its base plate 10 (FIG.
28A).
A stopping plate 88 is mounted at the bottom of the central sleeve
12 to prevent the steel housing 2 from sliding off (FIG. 28C).
A plastic (Delrin) base plate 10 is attached to the bottom of the
stainless steel housing 2. This provides a stable platform for the
unit to stand upright when not in use.
The UV55 device comprises a central sleeve tightening knob 86 on
the side of the stainless steel housing 2. It locks the housing 2
into a position on the central sleeve 12 at a predetermined
position selected by a user. It is tightened by screwing clockwise
and loosened by unscrewing counter clockwise. When central sleeve
tightening knob 86 is tightened on the stainless steel housing 2 in
the fully extended position (housing 2 positioned at the bottom
part of central sleeve 12; see FIG. 28A), the UV device can be
stood upright on the plastic base plate 10. When the central sleeve
tightening knob 86 is loosened, the UV device can be mounted over
any 2-3'' lid opening 29 and the plastic cylindrical sleeve 12
descends through the steel housing 2 (see FIGS. 28D, 29). Since the
UV lamp 5 is attached to the bottom of the central sleeve 12 it
will then be residing within the container 4 (FIG. 29).
As the stainless steel housing 2 passes over the optical switch 98
within the plastic sleeve 12 it starts a timer controlled by the
circuit board 103. As the timer sequence begins, acoustic and
visual signals are generated. The acoustic signal is made audible
by an acoustic speaker residing in the handle cap 91. The optical
switch does, however, not start or stop the activation of the UV
device. The visual signal leads to the intermittent blinking of a
plurality of LED lights residing behind the translucent plastic
ring 87. The blinking of the LED lights indicates how much time has
elapsed, i.e., the time a sterilization cycle has been
activated.
O. UV Device BM1 Family
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIGS. 38-41 and referred to herein as a UV
device of the UV device Model BM1 family ("BM1"). This UV device
embodiment comprises a housing 2, which is attached on top of a
frame 6 (see FIGS. 38A, B). The housing 2 harbors and shields a
single UV lamp 5 (see FIGS. 38A, B). As such, in its undeployed
state but attached to a container 4, the UV light source is
positioned in a horizontal position with respect to the orientation
of the container 4. The housing 2 conforms to the shape, size and
length of the UV lamp 5 (see FIGS. 38A, B)
The frame 6 comprises a first side and a second side, which are
connected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars 71 (see
FIGS. 38A, B). The frame 6 of BM1 may be described as having an
L-shaped form wherein a motorized unit 1, a mounting bracket 3, a
reel assembly 54, reel assembly flanges 59, a handle 91, a cable
tightening spring 123 may be attached to the shorter arm of the L
(see FIGS. 38A, B). The housing 2, a second cable guide wheel 121
may be attached to the longer arm of the L (see FIGS. 38A, B). To
provide for a light-weight frame 6, in some embodiments, the frame
6 comprises one or more openings 122 (see FIGS. 38A, B). The frame
6 can be made of various materials. Non-limiting materials include
aircraft aluminum and stainless steel. It can also be made from
composite materials, carbon fiber, and polymers.
UV device model BM1 comprises a handle 91 attached to frame 6.
Handle 91 conveniently provides for transportation (e.g., hand
carrying) and storing BM1. In addition to the handle 91, BM1 also
comprises a mounting bracket 3 as a means for attaching it to an
opening (e.g., a manhole or port 77) of a container 4.
The UV lamp 5 of UV device Model BM1 is attached to a UV lamp
socket/adaptor 94. UV lamp socket/adaptor 94 is attached to a cable
7, which in turn is attached to a reel assembly 54 (being flanked
by reel assembly flanges 59). The cable 7 should]d not be too
thick; otherwise the bend radius will too large and it will be
difficult to coil the cable 7 and store it in addition to being too
heavy. The cable 7 (and other parts employed in the UV devices
described herein) should also be UV resistant, preferably also
water resistant.
BM1 comprises two cable guide wheels, a first cable guide wheel 120
and a second cable guide wheel 121. The first cable guide wheel is
positioned in close proximity to the reel assembly 54 and may have
a single track for guiding cable 7. The second cable wheel 121 is
positioned at the end of the long arm of the L-shaped frame 6 and
may comprises a track 124.
Cable 7, unwinding from reel assembly 54 is guided onto a track on
the first cable guide wheel 120. Upon releasing UV lamp 5 from the
housing 2 (see below), UV lamp 5 and cable 7 move onto a first
track 124 of the second cable guide wheel 121. The movement of the
UV lamp 5 out of the housing 2 and onto the second cable wheel
guide is schematically depicted in FIG. 40A. Upon further moving
out of the housing 2, UV lamp 5 eventually completely passes over
the second cable wheel guide 121 and the cable 7 continues to slide
on top of the first track 124 of the second cable wheel guide 121
(see FIG. 40B). Thereby the UV lamp 5 is moved from a horizontal
position (see FIG. 40A) into a first vertical position (see FIG.
40B). Upon further descending UV lamp 5 downwardly into the
interior of a container, cable 7 further slides on top of the first
track 124 of the second cable wheel guide 121 and the UV lamp 5
moves from the first vertical position (see FIG. 40B) downwardly
into a second vertical position (see FIG. 40C).
In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, the UV lamp 5 within
the housing 2 is spring-loaded. Upon opening the spring 43, UV lamp
5 begins moving out of the housing 2. The moving of UV lamp 5 out
of the housing 2 may be further aided a cable tightening spring 123
(see FIGS. 38A, B).
In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, a motorized unit 1
activates the reel assembly 54. In some embodiments of UV device
Model BM1, the UV device comprises an additional motor 133, which
drives its torque perpendicular to its axis (see FIG. 39B).
FIGS. 39A-C schematically depict preferred, however, non-limiting
dimensions of UV device Model BM1. For example, handle 91 may be
about 20'' in width and about 1'' in diameter (see FIG. 39A). The
first side and the second side of frame 6 may be apart by about
1.75'' (see FIG. 39B). The height of UV device Model BM1, measured
from the handle 91 in its vertical position and the center of the
second cable wheel guide 121 is about between 33'' and 34'' (see
FIG. 39C) The length of UV device Model BM1, measured from the
outmost part of frame 6 at the lower end of its L-shaped form and
the center of the second cable wheel guide 121 is about between
77'' and 78'' (see FIG. 39C). The second cable wheel guide 121 has
a diameter of about between 7'' and 8'' (see FIG. 39C). Having
provided the above dimensions, one of ordinary skill in the art can
determine dimensions of other parts schematically depicted in FIGS.
39A-C, in addition to conveniently vary the dimensions given in
FIGS. 39A-39C.
UV device Model BM1 is designed to be attached to an opening of a
container 4, preferably to an opening, e.g., a manhole or port 77
of a container 4 located on the upper perimeter of the container 4
(see FIG. 41). The attachment of BM1 to the opening of the
container is done using the mounting bracket 3. Once attached, the
device is activated and the UV lamp 5 moves out of the housing 2 as
described herein. Upon completion of the sanitization cycle, the UV
lamp 5 is moved back into its undeployed configuration (see FIGS.
38A, B) by reversing the movements described above. The movements
may be controlled by a motorized unit 1.
While the above described various parts and features of UV device
Model BM1 (see FIGS. 38A, B), one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described
can be varied without deviating from the scope of the invention. In
addition, UV device Model BM1 depicted schematically in FIGS. 38-41
may comprise any additional component described herein, such as a
circuit board, etc.
P. UV Device BM2 Family
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIGS. 42-45 and referred to herein as a UV
device of the UV device Model BM2 family ("BM2"). This UV device
embodiment comprises a housing 2, which is attached to a pivot arm
118 (see FIGS. 42-45). The pivot arm 118 is attached to a frame 6
(see FIGS. 42-45). The housing 2 harbors and shields a UV lamp
cluster comprising eight (8) UV lamp 5 (see FIGS. 42-45). In its
undeployed state but attached to a container 4, the UV light source
is positioned in a horizontal position with respect to the
orientation of the container 4. The housing 2 conforms to the
shape, size and length of the UV lamp cluster (see FIGS. 42-45). In
the UV device embodiment shown in FIGS. 42-45, the housing 2 does
not completely shield the UV lamp cluster, but rather provides a
three ring like structure surrounding the UV lamp cluster. In other
embodiments, the housing 2 completely shields the UV lamp
cluster.
The frame 6 comprises a first side and a second side, which are
connected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars 71 (see
FIGS. 42-45). The frame 6 of BM2 may be described as having a
bended L-shaped form. To provide for a light-weight frame 6, in
some embodiments, the frame 6 comprises one or more openings 122.
(see FIGS. 42-45)
In some embodiments of the UV device Model BM2, a box 127 (also
referred to as control box) is positioned at the end of the short
arm of the "L" of frame 6. Box 127 can either be permanently
attached to the UV device or be attached removably via cables or
plugs. Box 127 may include other parts and components of a UV
device that may be desirably not be directly attached to the frame
6. In some embodiments, box 127 comprises a circuit board having a
functionality as described herein and being connected to the UV
lamp ballast/power supply and motor(s) through electrical cables,
wires or connectors. In some embodiments, box 127 comprises a
ballast/power supply connected to the UV lamps through electrical
cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments box 127 comprises
a motor controlling extension, descent, ascent, and other movements
of a UV light source, the motor being connected by electrical
cables or connectors to a UV light source (multiple electrical
cables, wires or connectors could be integrated and combined into a
singular one). The motor is also controlled by the circuit board
through electrical cables, wires or connectors. In some
embodiments, box 127 comprises a touchscreen user interface. The
touchscreen user interface is connected to the circuit board by
electrical cables, wires or connectors, In some embodiments of, box
127 comprises a wireless communication device. A wireless
communication device includes, but is not limited to, e.g., a
wireless transponder and/or transceiver to send or receive wireless
signals to a user. The wireless communication device is connected
to the circuit board through electrical cables, wires or
connectors. In some embodiments, box 127 comprises part selected
from the group consisting of a UV detector, a range-finding device,
a reel assembly, reel assembly flanges, an optical switch, an AV to
DC power converter, and an electronic component.
UV device model BM2 comprises a motorized unit 1 attached to frame
6 or box 127 (see FIGS. 42, 43)
BM2 also comprises a mounting bracket 3 as a means for attaching it
to an opening (e.g., a manhole or port 77) of a container 4 (see
FIGS. 42-45).
On their first end, the UV lamps 5 of UV device Model BM2 are
attached to a UV lamp socket/adaptor 94 (see FIGS. 42, 45) UV lamp
socket/adaptors 94 are attached to an upper plate 42, which in turn
is attached to a cable 7. Cable 7 is attached to a reel assembly 54
located within box 127 (as such, reel assembly 54 is not shown in
FIGS. 42-45). On their second end, the UV lamps 5 are attached to a
lower plate 45. In some embodiments, attachment of the UV lamps to
the lower plate 45 is by springs 43 (see FIG. 45).
BM2 comprises two or more cable guide wheels, a first cable guide
wheel 128 and a second cable guide wheel 130, and optionally, a
third cable guide wheel 132 (see FIGS. 42, 43, 45). The first cable
guide wheel 128 is positioned in between the first and second sides
of frame 6. The first cable guide wheel 128 has a first track 129,
on which the cable 7 can slide (see FIGS. 42-45). The second cable
wheel 130 is positioned at the upper end of the pivot arm 118 and
comprises a second track 131 on which cable 7 can slide (see FIGS.
42-45). A third cable wheel guide may be positioned in close
proximity to the reel assembly 54 and has a third track for guiding
cable 7 (see FIGS. 42, 43, 45).
Cable 7, unwinding from reel assembly 54 is guided onto the first
track on the first cable guide wheel 128, further onto the second
track on the second cable guide wheel 130 and to its attachment at
an upper plate 42, to which the UV light source is attached (see
FIGS. 42-45). In some embodiments, cable 7 slides onto a third
track of a third cable guide wheel 132, as schematically depicted
in FIGS. 42, 43, and 45.
When UV device Model BM2 is attached to an opening of a container 4
in its undeployed position, the UV light source will be positioned
in a horizontal position with respect to the container 4. BM2
comprises a pivot arm 118 as a means for moving the UV light source
from the horizontal position (see FIG. 42) into a first vertical
position (see FIG. 43). Upon moving the pivot arm, the housing 2,
which is attached to the pivot arm also moves into a first vertical
position and the second cable guide wheel 130 moves into an
upwardly position (compare FIG. 42 to FIG. 43). As schematically
depicted in FIG. 44, after attaching the UV device to an opening
(e.g., manhole or port 77) of a container 4 and upon further
unwinding of rope 7 from a reel assembly, the UV light source (in
BM2 the UV light source is a cluster of eight UV lamps 5) is
released from its housing 2 and moves from the first vertical
position downwardly into a second vertical position. At any time
during the downwardly movement to its second vertical position and
upon release from its housing 2, the UV lamps 5 of the UV lamp
cluster may be fully deployed and be positioned into an angled
position with respect to each other (see FIG. 45). A preferred
mechanism to position the UV lamps 5 in an angled arrangement is
using springs 43.
Upon releasing UV lamp 5 from the housing 2, cable 7 slides onto a
first track 129 of the first cable guide wheel 128 and onto the
second track 131 of the second cable wheel guide 130 as
schematically depicted in FIGS. 44 and 45.
In some embodiments of UV device Model BM2, a motorized unit 1
activates a reel assembly. In some embodiments of UV device Model
BM2, the UV device comprises an additional motor 133, which drives
its torque perpendicular to its axis (similar to UV device Model
BM1 shown in FIG. 39B).
UV device Model BM2 is designed to be attached to an opening of a
container 4, preferably to an opening, e.g., a manhole or port 77
of a container 4 located on the upper perimeter of the container 4
(see FIG. 44). The attachment of BM2 to the opening of the
container is done using the mounting bracket 3. Once attached, the
device is activated and the UV lamps 5 move out of the housing 2 as
described herein. Upon completion of the sanitization cycle, the UV
lamps 5 are moved back into their undeployed configuration (see
FIG. 42) by reversing the movements described above. The movements
may be controlled by a motorized unit 1 and/or motor 133.
While the above described various parts and features of UV device
Model BM2 (see FIGS. 42-45), one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described
can be varied without deviating from the scope of the invention. In
addition, UV device Model BM2 depicted schematically in FIGS. 42-45
may comprise any additional component described herein, such as a
circuit board, etc.
Q. UV Device BM3 Family
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIGS. 46-48 and referred to herein as a UV
device of the UV device Model BM3 family ("BM3"). This UV device
embodiment may comprise an optional housing 2. The embodiments of
UV device Model BMr shown in FIGS. 46-48 do not include a housing
2. In embodiments, wherein UV device Model BM3 comprises a housing
2, the housing 2 may be manually removed from the device prior to
is use.
FIGS. 46A-E schematically depict UV device BM3 from several
views.
BM3 comprises a frame 6 to which other parts of the UV device are
attached. The frame 6 comprises a first side and a second side,
which are connected to each other, e.g., by cross member support
bars 71 (not shown in figures). The frame 6 of BM3 may be described
as having a long rectangular shaped form and having two ends, a
first end and a second end (see FIGS. 46-48). To provide for a
light-weight frame 6, in some embodiments, the frame 6 comprises
one or more openings 122 (see FIG. 47C).
A handle 91 is attached to the first end of frame 6 In combination
with the wheels 114 (see below), the handle allows easy maneuvering
from a first position into a second position within a container 4,
in addition to convenient transportation (e.g., hand carrying) and
storing BM3.
At both ends of the frames are support structures attached which
comprise wheels 114, preferably two wheels 114 at either side of
the support structure so that UV device Model BM3 comprises a
plurality of wheels 114, more specifically, four (4) wheels 114
(see FIGS. 46-48) Preferably, the plurality of wheels are swiveling
so that the device can be easily maneuvered around from a first
position into a second position within a container 4.
A pivot arm 118 is attached to the second end of the frame 6. The
pivot arm 118 comprises two ends, a first end and a second end. The
first end of the pivot arm 118 is attached to the second end of
frame 6. The second end of the pivot arm 118 is attached to central
post 16.
Attached to the pivot arm 118 is a central post 16. The central
post 16 comprises two ends, a first end and a second end. The first
end of the central post 16 is attached to the second end of the
pivot arm 118. The second end of the central post 16 is attached to
an upper plate 42 (see FIGS. 46-48). In some embodiments of the UV
device BM3, the central post 16 is extendable so that the upper
plate 42 and the UV lamps 5 attached thereto can be moved further
upwardly. A central post 16 within UV device Model BM3 can also
have an arrangement and configuration as schematically depicted in
FIGS. 6-12
Attached to the upper plate 42 is at least one UV lamp 5. In some
embodiments of UV device Model BM3, a UV lamp cluster is attached
to the upper plate 42. For example, FIGS. 46-48 show the attachment
of eight (8) UV lamps to the upper plate 42 of BM3. As with other
UV devices described herein, the attachment of UV lamps 5 to the
upper plate occurs via UV lamp socket/adaptors 94 (see FIG.
47A)
FIGS. 47A-C schematically depict preferred, however, non-limiting
dimensions of UV device Model BM3. For example, deployed UV lamps 5
may be arranged having a diameter of about 40'' (see FIG. 47A). The
wheels 114 at one end of the frame and attached to the support
structure may be apart by about 17'' and the upper plate may be
between 10'' and 11'' (see FIG. 47B). The height of UV device Model
BM3, measured from the top of the upper plate 42 to the center of
wheel 114 is about between 77'' and 78'' (see FIG. 47C). The length
of UV device Model BM3, measured from the outmost part of pivot arm
118 in its upright position to the handle 91 (including) is about
90'' (see FIG. 47C). The wheels 114 have a radius of about 1'' (see
FIG. 47C). The height of the handle 91 to the center of wheel 114
is about between 17'' and 18'' (see FIG. 47C). Having provided the
above dimensions, one of ordinary skill in the art can determine
dimensions of other parts schematically depicted in FIGS. 46-48, in
addition to conveniently vary the dimensions given in FIGS.
46-48.
In some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, a motorized unit 1
activates pivot arm 118. In some embodiments of UV device Model
BM3, the pivot arm is moved manually from its horizontal position
into its vertical position.
UV device Model BM3 is designed to be moved inwardly through an
opening of a container 4, preferably through an opening, e.g., a
manhole or port 77 of a container 4 located at a lower sidewall of
a container (see FIG. 48). When moved inwardly into a container 4,
the UV light source of UV device Model BM3 resides on top of frame
6, i.e., in a horizontal position (see FIG. 48A). Upon moving the
pivot arm 118 from its horizontal position into a vertical
position, the UV lamps 5 are also moved from their initial
horizontal position into a first vertical position (see FIG. 48B).
Upon extending central post 16 upwardly into the interior of a
container 4, the UV lamps 5 move from the first vertical position
(see FIG. 48C) upwardly into a second vertical position (see FIG.
48D).
Upon completion of the sanitization cycle, the UV lamps 5 are moved
back into their undeployed configuration (see FIG. 48A) by
reversing the movements described above. The movements may be
controlled by a motorized unit 1.
While FIGS. 46-48 schematically depict the UV lamp cluster of UV
device Model BM3 open in a con-like fashion and having the UV lamps
5 pointed downwardly, in some embodiments of UV device Model BM3,
the opening of the UV lamp cluster and deployment of UV lamps 5 is
inverted so that the UV lamps 5 open in a cone-like fashion, but
face upwardly. A similar configuration and mode of opening is
schematically depicted in FIGS. 7, 32 and 33. Such an upwardly
facing configuration can be accomplished, e.g., by attaching the
upper plate 42 to the pivot arm 118. Upon erecting pivot arm 118
into its vertical position, the upper plate 42 to which the UV
lamps 5 are attached will also be moved into a first vertical
position, wherein the UV lamps are facing upwards with respect to
the positioning of the upper plate 42. In that situation, the upper
plate 42 may be better referred to as a lower plate. As depicted in
FIG. 48D, upon extension of central post 16, the UV cluster/UV
lamps 5 can then be further moved from the first vertical position
to a second vertical position.
While the above described various parts and features of UV device
Model BM3 (see FIGS. 46-48), one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described
can be varied without deviating from the scope of the invention. In
addition, UV device Model BM3 depicted schematically in FIGS. 46-48
may comprise any additional component described herein, such as a
circuit board, etc.
R. UV Device UVT-4 Family
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a
portable UV device depicted in FIGS. 51-67 and referred to herein
as a member of UV device Model UVT-4 ("UVT-4") family. While
referred to collectively as UVT-4, the portable UV devices UVT-4
comprise various embodiments. As a characteristic feature, all
members of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices comprise a lower
frame 146, an upper frame, a first hinge (or pivot) 145, at least
one first germicidal UV light source, and at least at least one
second germicidal UV light source.
1. Lower Frame
In some embodiments, the lower frame 146 comprises a first lower
frame end 148 and a second lower frame end 153. In some embodiments
as described herein and as shown in FIGS. 51-67, additional parts
are attached to the lower frame 146, and, in particular to either
first lower frame end 148 or second lower frame end 153.
Preferably, the lower frame 146 is made of stainless steel. Parts
attached to it may be also made of stainless steel or of aluminum.
The lower frame 146 of a UVT-4 family member of portable UV devices
may be described as having a rectangular shaped form and comprising
four sides, i.e., a first (left) side, a second (right) side, an
upper side and a lower side and two ends, i.e., a first lower frame
end 148 and a second lower frame end 153 (see FIGS. 52, 53, 58).
While the drawings for a UVT-4 UV device depict an exemplary
rectangular lower frame 146, the lower frame can also be round,
oval or irregularly shaped. In some embodiments, to provide for a
light-weight lower frame 146, in some embodiments, the lower frame
146 comprises one or more openings 122.
In some embodiments, the lower side of the lower frame 146
comprises a coating 169. A preferred coating is a plastic coating.
Another preferred coating is a teflon coating. Another preferred
coating is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMP. An
exemplary coating 169 is shown, e.g., in FIG. 58.
In some embodiments, the second lower frame end 153 comprises a
first side plate 162 and a second side plate 163. Preferably, the
form thereof is rounded, but may also be not rounded. In some
embodiments, a side plate spacer 161 connects the first side plate
162 to the second side plate 163. As with all frames of UV devices,
the first side plate 162 and the second side plate 163 may comprise
openings 122.
In some embodiments, a set of wheels 114 is attached to the first
side plate 162 and to the second side plate 163, so that each side
plate has at least one wheel attached to it. Wheels 114 facilitate
moving and positioning of the portable UV device in a container, a
room, a space or defined environment. The material for making the
wheels is not critical. For example, the wheels can be made of
plastic, metal or wood. Preferred are plastic wheels. In some
embodiments, the wheels 114 are swiveling so that the UV device can
be easily maneuvered around from a first position into a second
position within a container 4, a room, a space or within a defined
environment. In some embodiments, the wheels 114 are attached in a
fixed position and adapted to move the UV device forward and
backwards into a desired position within a container 4, a room, a
space or within a defined environment.
In some embodiments, the second lower frame end 153 comprises a
cross connector 164. The cross connector has at least one opening
166 suitable for accommodating a UV lamp socket/adaptor 94 and for
attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source. In
embodiments, wherein the portable UV device comprises more than one
at least first germicidal UV light source, for each additional
first germicidal UV light source, the cross connector 164 comprises
an additional opening 166 into which an additional UV lamp socket
94 can be inserted.
As depicted in FIG. 67, when the upper frame and lower frame are
attached to each other, the second upper frame end 152, is
positioned in between the first side plate 162 and the second side
plate 163 of the lower frame 164 and is fastened to an upper side
of both the first side plate 162 and the second side plate 163 so
that the upper frame can be moved from the horizontal position with
respect to the position of the lower frame 164 (as depicted in FIG.
67) into an angular position ranging from about 0 to 90 degrees
with respect to the lower frame. Such movement is possible because
fasteners 177 do not hold the upper frame in a rigid position, but
rather, upon activation a means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame 146, permit the upper frame to
swing into such angular position.
In some embodiments, a handle 91 is attached to the lower frame
146. The handle 91 allows easy maneuvering of the portable UV
device from a first position into a second position within a
container 4, a room, a space or within a defined environment, in
addition to convenient transportation (e.g., hand carrying) and
storing.
In some embodiments, a second anchoring post 168 for anchoring an
extension spring 165 (see below) is attached to the lower frame
146.
In some embodiments the handle 91 is part of the second anchoring
post 168. An exemplary embodiment of a portable UV device
comprising such arrangement is shown in FIG. 66.
In some embodiment, a T-shaped cap 175 is attached to the first
lower frame end 148. A bulb clamp 176 may be in between the
T-shaped cap 175 and the first lower frame end 148. The T-shaped
cap 175 keeps the bulb clamp 176 in place.
In some embodiments, the first lower frame end 148 comprises at
least one opening 166 suitable for accommodating a UV lamp
socket/adaptor 94 and for attaching at least one first germicidal
UV light source. In embodiments, wherein the portable UV device
comprises more than one at least first germicidal UV light source,
for each additional first germicidal UV light source, the cross
connector 164 comprises an additional opening 166 into which an
additional UV lamp socket 94 can be inserted.
In some embodiments, the length of the lower frame is determined by
the length of the UV light sources, i.e., the UV lamps. As
depicted, e.g., in FIG. 66, the first lower frame end 148 and the
second lower frame end 153 are spaced apart to accommodate the UV
light source, i.e., the UV lamp, which is attached to UV lamp
sockets 94 that are attached to either lower frame end.
In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a means for
attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for
the time of sanitization to an opening of a container 4, to a
fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment.
In some embodiments, such means is a mounting bracket or hanger 3.
In some embodiments, the mounting bracket or hanger 3 comprises a
bracket tightening knob 149. Upon engaging of the mounting bracket
or hanger 3 with an opening of a container 4, a fixture in a room,
or with a fixture in or at a defined environment, the bracket
tightening knob 149 can be fastened so to keep the portable UV
device in position for a desired time.
A means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or
permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a
container 4, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a
defined environment can be attached to a portable in a several
ways. As a non-limiting example, the means for attaching the
portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time of
sanitization to an opening of a container 4, to a fixture in a
room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment is attached to
the lower frame 146 via a second hinge 174. Such exemplary
arrangement is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 52, 59, 63, 64 and 66. In some
embodiments, the second hinge 174 movably connects the lower frame
146 to the means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily
or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a
container 4, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a
defined environment.
In some embodiments, the means for attaching the portable UV
device, temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to
an opening of a container 4, to a fixture in a room, or to a
fixture in or at a defined environment, comprises additional parts
useful for performing an additional function of the portable UV
device, e.g., moving the upper frame of the portable UV device into
an angular position with respect to the lower frame 146. Thus, in
some embodiments, the means for attaching the portable UV device,
temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an
opening of a container 4, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture
in or at a defined environment, comprises a first rope post 150. In
some embodiments, such means further comprises a second rope post
151. Exemplary and non-limiting arrangements are shown in FIGS. 52,
59, 63, and 66. The functionality of the rope posts will be
described further below.
2. Upper Frame
In some embodiments, the upper frame comprises a first upper frame
end 147 and a second upper frame end 152. In some embodiments as
described herein and as shown in FIGS. 51-67, additional parts are
attached to either first upper frame end 147 or second upper frame
end 152.
In some embodiment, a T-shaped cap 175 is attached to each of the
first upper frame end 147, first lower frame end 148, second upper
frame end 152, and second lower frame end 153. The T-shaped caps
175 hold in place UV bulb clamps 176.
In some embodiments, a plurality of rods 155 are positioned in
between the first upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame
end 152. The plurality of rods 155 are fastened to the first upper
frame end 147 and to the second upper frame end 152 using
fasteners. The plurality of rods 155 provides protection to the
germicidal UV light source(s). In some embodiments at least one rod
155 is positioned between the first upper frame end 147 and the
second upper frame end 152. In some embodiments, two rods 155 are
positioned between the first upper frame end 147 and the second
upper frame end 152. In some embodiments, three rods 155 are
positioned between the first upper frame end 147 and the second
upper frame end 152. In some embodiments, four rods 155 are
positioned between the first upper frame end 147 and the second
upper frame end 152. In some embodiments, between two and ten rods
155 are positioned between the first upper frame end 147 and the
second upper frame end 152. The number of rods 155 between the
first upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame end 152 is not
critical. For best functionality of the portable UV device,
sufficient UV light should be provided and not blocked by the rods.
In view thereof, it is desirable, to use the thin sturdy rods,
i.e., allow as much UV light as possible to pass through and
provide sufficient protection of the UV light source, e.g., so that
objects that may damage the UV light source may not directly fall
on it. An exemplary member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family is shown in FIG. 66 showing two rods 155 positioned on top
of two UV light sources 5 (here, surrounded by a see-through
housing 2, and indicated by 2,5 in FIG. 66) Another exemplary
member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family is shown in FIG.
67 showing two rods 155 positioned on top of two UV light sources 5
(here, surrounded by a see-through housing 2, and indicated by 2,5
in FIG. 67) and two rods 155 positioned beneath two UV light
sources 5 (the two lower rods are not well seen in this drawing;
however, discernable by the four fasteners attached to the second
upper frame end, which are used to attach the rods 155 to the upper
frame ends 147 and 152). A further exemplary member of a portable
UV device of the UVT-4 family is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 53-58
showing four rods 155 positioned around each UV light source 5
attached to the upper frame (here, surrounded by a see-through
housing 2, and indicated by 2,5 in FIGS. 53-58). In some
embodiments, the rods 155 penetrate a plurality of cross connectors
156. The cross connectors 156 provide stability to the upper frame
stabilizing the plurality of rods 155. One of ordinary skill in the
art will appreciate that the number of cross connectors is chosen,
e.g., based on the length of the rods 155 and UV light sources 5.
The exemplary portable UV devices depicted in FIGS. 52 and 66 each
comprise two cross connectors 156.
In some embodiments, the length of the upper frame is determined by
the length of the UV light sources, i.e., the UV lamps. As
depicted, e.g., in FIG. 66, the first upper frame end 147 and the
second upper frame end 152 are spaced apart to accommodate the UV
light source, i.e., the UV lamp, which is attached to UV lamp
sockets 94 that are attached to either upper frame end.
In some embodiments, the upper frame is made of stainless steel.
Parts attached to the upper frame may also be made of stainless
steel or, alternatively, of aluminum.
In some embodiments, the upper frame end 152 is configured to
comprise a handle 91. An exemplary member of a portable UV device
of the UVT-4 family comprising a handle 91 at the upper frame end
152 is shown, e.g., in FIG. 67.
In some embodiment, a first hinge (pivot) 145 is attached to the
second upper frame end 152. The first hinge (pivot) 145 will be
described below in greater detail.
When the portable UV device UVT-4 is not in use (as described
further below), then the upper frame is positioned on top of the
lower frame. Such arrangement is depicted, e.g., in FIGS.
51-59.
3. First Hinge (Pivot)
As shown in FIGS. 66 and 67 (and others), the first hinge 145
movably connects the lower frame 146 to the upper frame. Further,
the first hinge 145 is adapted to permit movement of the upper
frame into an angular position with respect to the position of the
lower frame 146. In that regard, the first hinge 145 can also be
described as a "swing."
FIG. 66 depicts the attachment of the first hinge (pivot) 145 to
the second upper frame end 152. In some embodiments, the first
hinge (pivot) 145 comprises a first opening to allow a cable 158
running through. The first opening may be located at the lower side
of the first hinge (pivot) 145 so that the cable 158 running
through that opening can be connected to an extension spring 165
(see further below). In some embodiments, the first hinge (pivot)
145 comprises a second opening to allow a cable 158 becoming
fastened therein. Thus, the second opening is adapted to serve as a
cable anchoring point 182. In some embodiments, a first end of the
cable 158, is anchored at the second opening (cable anchoring point
182) and the cable is guided on a cable guide 180 formed as part of
the first hinge (pivot) 145 towards the first opening at the lower
end of the hinge (pivot) 145, and extrudes therefrom so that the
second end of the cable 180 forms a first anchoring post 167 with
the first hook 178 of the extension spring 165 (see further
below).
In some embodiments, the first hinge (pivot) 145 is made of
stainless steel, or, alternatively, of aluminum.
4. At Least One First Germicidal UV Light Source
The at least one first germicidal UV light source comprises a first
UV lamp and is connected to the lower frame 146. In some
embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV light source is
connected to the lower frame 146, via a UV lamp socket or adaptor
94.
In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises additional
first germicidal UV lights sources connected to the lower frame
146. In some embodiments, the at least first germicidal UV light
source is a member of a plurality of first germicidal UV light
sources, selected from the group consisting of two first germicidal
UV light sources, three first germicidal UV light sources, four
first germicidal UV light sources, five first germicidal UV light
sources, six first germicidal UV light sources, seven first
germicidal UV light sources, eight first germicidal UV light
sources, nine first germicidal UV light sources, and ten first
germicidal UV light sources. As one of ordinary skill in the art
will appreciate, the number of first germicidal UV light sources
connected to the lower frame is not limited and may comprise more
than ten. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of first
germicidal UV light sources are the same germicidal UV light
sources. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of first
germicidal UV light sources are different germicidal UV light
sources.
5. At Least One Second Germicidal UV Light Source
The at least one second germicidal UV light source comprises a
second UV lamp and is connected to the upper frame. In some
embodiments, the at least one second germicidal UV light source is
connected to the upper frame, via a UV lamp socket or adaptor
94.
In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises additional
second germicidal UV lights sources connected to the upper frame.
In some embodiments, the at least second germicidal UV light source
is a member of a plurality of second germicidal UV light sources,
selected from the group consisting of two second germicidal UV
light sources, three second germicidal UV light sources, four
second germicidal UV light sources, five second germicidal UV light
sources, six second germicidal UV light sources, seven second
germicidal UV light sources, eight second germicidal UV light
sources, nine second germicidal UV light sources, and ten second
germicidal UV light sources. As one of ordinary skill in the art
will appreciate, the number of second germicidal UV light sources
connected to the upper frame is not limited and may comprise more
than ten. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of second
germicidal UV light sources are the same germicidal UV light
sources. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of second
germicidal UV light sources are different germicidal UV light
sources.
In some embodiments, a first germicidal UV light source and a
second germicidal UV light source are the same germicidal UV light
sources. In some embodiments, a first germicidal UV light source
and a second germicidal UV light source are different germicidal UV
light sources.
In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a lower frame
to which two first germicidal UV light sources are attached and an
upper frame to which two second germicidal UV light sources are
attached.
Suitable UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are described
herein. First and second germicidal UV light sources for use in
portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family are not limited and
include, without limitation, low pressure mercury amalgam bulbs. I
has been found that low pressure mercury amalgam bulbs are very
efficient and cost effective UV light sources. In some embodiments,
medium pressure UV bulbs or pulsed UV Xenon type lamps are used.
They are significantly higher priced. Medium pressure lamps
typically operate at temperature in excess of 500 F, making them
somewhat less preferred. For sanitization of smaller containers
(having a volume in the range of from about 50 gallons to about 500
gallons), smaller rooms or smaller defined environment, LED bulbs
can also be used; however they lack the power necessary for large
volumes (e.g., tanks up to and exceeding 500,000 gallons). Those,
UV light sources, can also be used as a part or component of other
portable UV devises described herein.
The choice of first and second germicidal UV light source for use
in portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family may depend on the size
and volume of the container, room, space or defined environment to
be sanitized. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate,
increasing the number of UV light sources will decrease
sanitization time and, in addition, will allow for greater sized
and larger volume containers, rooms, or defined environments to be
sanitized. Portable UV devices described herein can be adapted
easily to accommodate a desired number and a desired size of UV
light sources.
The UV light intensity of the combined UV light sources (i.e., the
combination of first germicidal UV light source(s) and second
germicidal UV light source(s)) of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family can be adapted to efficiently irradiate interior surfaces
(side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a
defined environment at a desired intensity. In some embodiments,
the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 10,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 20,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 30,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 40,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 50,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 60,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 70,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 80,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 90,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the
combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 100,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments,
the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 110,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments,
the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 120,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments,
the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 130,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments,
the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 140,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments,
the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4
family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,
bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment
with at least 150,000 microjoules/cm.sup.2.
6. UV Light Permissible Housing
As described herein, UV devices may comprise a housing surrounding
or encasing fully or partially a germicidal UV light source and/or
a UV lamp. In some embodiments, the at least one first germicidal
UV light source of the portable UV device UVT-4, resides in a first
housing 2, In some embodiments, the first housing 2 fully surrounds
the at least one first germicidal UV light source. In some
embodiments, the first housing 2 partially surrounds the at least
one first germicidal UV light source. In the exemplary embodiments
of UV devices of the UVT-4 family shown in FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67, a
housing 2 is a see-through housing 2, and surrounds a UV light
source 5 and thus, both are indicated by 2,5 in those figures).
In some embodiments, the first housing 2 of the portable UV device
UVT-4 permits UV light to pass through. In such embodiments, the at
least one first germicidal UV light source will be fully functional
for sanitization, as described herein, without being removed from
the housing. A UV light permissible housing may be made of various
materials known in the art, including, but not limited to, UV fused
silica, CaF.sub.2, MgF.sub.2, BaF.sub.2, quartz, sapphire, teflon,
polydimethylsiloxane, TPX.RTM. or polymethylpentene (PMP).
TPX.RTM., is a 4-methylpentene-1 based polyolefin manufactured and
marketed by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. A preferred housing material
permitting UV light to pass through is teflon.
7. Means for Controlling Movement of the Upper Frame to an Angular
Position with Respect to the Position of the Lower Frame
As described herein, portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family
comprise a lower frame 146 and an upper frame, wherein the upper
frame can move from a horizontal position with respect to the lower
frame into an angular position ranging from about 0 to about 90
degrees, including, moving the upper frame into a vertical, a
perpendicular position with respect to the lower frame 146. Members
of the portable UV device family UVT-4 comprise various means for
controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to an
angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame.
Thus, in some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a means
for controlling or facilitating the movement of the upper frame to
an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame. In some embodiments, the means for controlling or
facilitating the movement of the upper frame permits the at least
one second germicidal UV light source connected to the upper frame
be positioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees
with respect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV
light source connected to the lower frame 146.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame comprises an extension spring 165.
In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises an extension
spring 165 comprising a first end comprising a first hook 178 at
and a second end comprising a second hook 179.
In some embodiments, the first hook 178 connects to a first
anchoring post 167. In some embodiments, the first anchoring post
167 is comprised of the second end of the cable 158. The second end
of the cable 158 may form a loop and the loop connects with the
first hook 178 of the extension spring 165. Such an arrangement,
e.g., is depicted in FIG. 67.
In some embodiments, the second hook 179 connects to a second
anchoring post 168. In some embodiments, the second anchoring post
168 is attached to the lower frame 146 (see above). Such an
arrangement, e.g., is depicted in FIG. 66.
In some embodiments, the upper frame of a portable UV device of a
UVT-4 family is held in horizontal position with respect to the
lower frame 146, by virtue of an upper frame fixture clip 157. In
some embodiments, an upper frame fixture clip 157 is attached to
the lower frame 146, preferably to the first lower frame end 148.
Such arrangement, e.g., is shown in FIG. 53. The upper frame
fixture clip 157 engages with the first upper frame end 147 and
when engaged prevents the upper frame from moving into an angular
position with respect to the lower frame 146. In FIG. 53, the upper
frame fixture clip 157 is shown disengaged from the first upper
frame end and the upper frame is shown in a slightly angular
position with respect to the lower frame 146.
In some embodiments, the upper frame of a portable UV device of a
UVT-4 family is held in horizontal position with respect to the
lower frame 146, by virtue of a rope 7. In some embodiments, a
first end of the rope 7 is attached to the first upper frame end
147 at a rope anchoring point 170. The second end of the rope 7 is
movably wound around a first rope post 150 (attached to e.g., a
mounting bracket or hanger 3, see above, or directly to the lower
frame 146). In some embodiments, wherein a second rope post 151 is
present, the second end of the rope 7 may be wound around both the
first rope post 150 and the second rope post 151. A non-limiting
arrangement comprising a first rope post 150 and a second rope post
151, e.g., is shown in FIG. 52. When the portable UV device is not
in use, the rope 7 firmly would around the first rope post 150 or
first rope post 150 and second rope post 151, prevents the upper
frame from moving into an angular position with respect to the
lower frame 146. Upon releasing the rope 7 from the first rope post
150 or first rope post 150 and second rope post 151, the upper
frame can move into an angular position with respect to the lower
frame 146. A partial release of the rope 7 and an angular position
of the upper frame with respect to the position of the lower frame
146, e.g., is shown in FIG. 60. Upon further releasing the rope 7,
the upper frame moves into a vertical or perpendicular position
with respect to the lower frame 146. Such further release of the
rope 7 and a vertical or perpendicular position of the upper frame
with respect to the position of the lower frame 146, e.g., is shown
in FIGS. 61 and 65.
With respect to the "extension spring" means for controlling or
facilitating movement of the upper frame of the portable UV device
to an angular position with respect to the position of the lower
frame 146, one of ordinary skill in the art reading the disclosure
herein, will appreciate that, upon disengaging the upper frame
fixture clip 157 and/or upon loosening the rope 7 (i.e., unwinding
from the rope post(s)), the extension spring 165 exerts a pull
pressure. This pull pressure leads to the extension spring 165
pulling the second end of the cable 158 towards the extension
spring 165 resulting in a swing movement of the first hinge (pivot)
145 due to the flexibility of fasteners 177 and thereby moving the
upper frame from a horizontal position into an angular position
ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees, with respect to the
position of the lower frame 146.
In some embodiments, a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family
comprises at least one stop post 159. In some embodiments, a
portable UV device of the UVT-4 family comprises at least two stop
posts 159. In some embodiments, a first stop post 159 is attached
to the first side plate 162. In some embodiments, a second stop
post 159 is attached to the second side plate 163. The stop post
159 is adapted to prevent movement of the upper frame, and thereby
movement of a second germicidal UV light source connected to that
upper frame, beyond a desired position. Such desired position may
be any predetermined angular position between the upper frame and
the lower frame 146. A preferred angular position is an about
vertical or an about perpendicular position. As such the at least
one stop post 159 is adapted to prevent movement of the at least
one second germicidal UV light source (connected to the upper
frame) beyond an about perpendicular position with respect to the
position of the at least first germicidal UV light source
(connected to the lower frame 146).
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame is a pneumatic cylinder. Pneumatic
cylinders (also known in the art as air cylinders) are mechanical
devices which use the power of compressed gas to produce a force in
a reciprocating linear motion. Like hydraulic cylinders, a piston
is forced to move in a desired direction. A piston typically is a
disc or cylinder, and a piston rod transfers the force it develops
to the object to be moved, such as then upper frame of a portable
UV device.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame is a motor.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame is a winch.
In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating the
movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to
the position of the lower frame is a servo
8. UV Sensor
A portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family of UV devices may
comprise other components described herein. One of ordinary skill
in the art will appreciate that those components, such as UV
sensor, reflector, mirror, etc., can be attached to either the
lower frame or the upper frame of the portable UV device. In some
embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a UV sensor 154. An
embodiment, wherein the UV sensor 154 is attached to the upper
frame is shown in FIGS. 51, and 54-56. In some embodiments, the UV
sensor 154 is a UVC sensor. In some embodiments, a UVC sensor is
adapted to keep real time track of UVC output during a sanitization
cycle.
9. Control Box
Portable UV device described herein may be connected to a control
box 127. In some embodiments described herein, a portable UV device
comprises a control box 127 that is part of the portable UV device
itself (e.g., see UV-55). In those embodiments, the control box may
be described as internal as it is an integral part of the
respective portable UV device. In some embodiments, a portable UV
device is connected to a control box 127. In some embodiments, a
portable UV device is connected to a control box 127 via a cable
143. In those embodiments, the control box may be described as
external as it is not an integral part of the portable UV
device.
An external control box 127 can be made a various materials. In
some embodiments, an external control box 127 is made of stainless
steel. In some embodiments, the exterior of control box 127 is a
stainless steel NEMA4 enclosure/
As described herein, a control box 127 controls various
functionalities of a portable UV device. This control typically is
controlled by a circuit board. Thus, in some embodiments, a
portable UV device is connected to a control box 127, wherein the
control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more
functionalities of a portable UV device or relaying a response from
the portable UV device. Those functionalities may be individually
programmed and adjusted to the needs of an individual user.
Non-limiting functionalities of a portable UV device controlled by
or relayed by a circuit board include communicating with a
radiofrequency identifier; controlling a movement of a germicidal
UV light source within a container, a room or a defined
environment; controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV light
source within a container, a room or a defined environment;
controlling activation and deactivation of a germicidal UV light
source; relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to a container,
a room or a defined environment; uploading and relaying information
from a radiofrequency identifier; generating a report on time of a
sanitization cycle; generating a report on duration of a
sanitization cycle; generating a report on UV light intensity
attained during a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting
a report on time of a sanitization cycle (e.g., to a user);
emailing, phoning or texting a report on duration of a sanitization
cycle (e.g., to a user); emailing, phoning or texting a report on
UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle (e.g., to a
user); emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a sanitization
cycle is complete (e.g., to a user); logging date, time and
individual who used a portable UV device; or logging container,
room, space, or defined environment in which a portable UV device
will be and/or has been used. Other functionalities are described,
supra.
In some embodiments, the control box 127 comprises a touchscreen
interface 135. A control box 127 having a touchscreen interface 135
is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and 51. In some embodiments, the
touchscreen interface 135 is adapted to provide an input for a
functionality. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate
input for a variety of functionalities may be provided. In some
embodiments, a touchscreen interface is adapted to provide an input
for a functionality selected from the group consisting of
activating a portable UV device, deactivating a portable UV device,
providing time input for completing a UV sterilization of a
container, a room, or a defined environment, providing time elapsed
for UV sterilization of the container, the room, or the defined
environment, setting a desired UV intensity level, adjusting a UV
intensity level and logging in a code for a user. For example; a UV
intensity level may be adjusted based on the condition of a
container 4, a room, or a defined environment, such as wet or dry
interior surfaces, etc.
A control box 127, may comprise additional features. In some
embodiments, a control box 127 comprises an on/off switch 85. The
on/off switch 85 permits an individual to activate and deactivate
the system and portable UV device. A control box 127 comprising an
on/off switch 85 is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and 51.
In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises a button for
emergency shutdown 134. The emergency shutdown button 134 permits
an individual to quickly shut down the system and portable UV
device. A control box 127 comprising an emergency shutdown button
134 is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and 51.
In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises a status indicator
light 136. The status indicator light 136, when lit, alerts an
individual that the system and portable UV device are operating.
The status indicator light 136, when not lit, alerts an individual
that the system and portable UV device are not operating. A control
box 127 comprising a status indicator light 136 is shown, e.g., in
FIGS. 49 and 51.
In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises an alarm light.
The alarm light, when flashing, may alert an individual to a
malfunction of the system or portable UV device, or to a completion
of a sanitization cycle. In some embodiments, a control box 127
comprises a status indicator light 136 that also functions as an
alarm light.
In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises an audible alarm
system. The audible alarm system may alert an individual to a
malfunction of the system or portable UV device, or to a completion
of a sanitization cycle,
Exemplary layouts of an interior of a control box are shown in
FIGS. 68A-C.
In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises one or more lamp
ballasts (or power supplies; FIG. 68B). In some embodiments, a lamp
ballast connects to a motor or servo through an electrical cable.
In some embodiments, a lamp ballast connects to a UV light source
through an electrical cable.
In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises a wireless
communication device, including, but not limited to a wireless
transponder and or transceiver to send a wireless signal to a user
or to receive a wireless signal from a user.
While the above described various parts and features of members of
the UV device Model UVT-4 family one of ordinary skill in the art
will appreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts
described can be varied without deviating from the scope of the
invention. In addition, UV device Model UVT-4 depicted
schematically in FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67 may comprise any additional
component described herein.
S. Additional UV Devices
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIG. 30. This UV device embodiment comprises a
housing 2, a UV lamp cluster line 111 attached to a UV lamp
cluster. This UV device embodiment further comprises an anchor
connector 109 connecting the housing 2 to an anchor 107. An anchor
line 108 connects the anchor 107 with the housing 2. The anchor 107
serves to stabilize the lamp cluster as it moves upwardly and
downwardly throughout a container 4. The UV device depicted
schematically in FIG. 30 may comprise any additional component
described herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIG. 31. This embodiment describes a UV device
similar to the UV device UV55 described above, however, inverted.
The UV lamp 5 is inserted into an opening of a container 4 from the
bottom of the container (FIG. 31A). The base plate 10, here a
support stand, is attached to the central sleeve 12. A housing 2
slides over the central sleeve 12. In this embodiment, the housing
2 is spring loaded such that, as soon as UV lamp 5 is movably
inserted into the container 4 (a barrel is shown in FIG. 31), the
housing 2 retracts to cover the central sleeve 12 (FIG. 31B). As
the unit is removed from the container 4, a spring forces the
housing 2 to slide over the UV lamp 5. The UV device depicted
schematically in FIG. 31 may comprise any additional component
described herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIG. 32. This embodiment describes a UV device
that is placed in the center of a container 4 and mounted a top of
a base plate 10, here, a tripod-like support stand. The support
stand supports a housing 2 and a central sleeve 12 within the
housing 2 that moves upwardly and downwardly. In some embodiments,
this UV device comprises a UV lamp 5. In some embodiments, this UV
device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UV device depicted
schematically in FIG. 32 may comprise any additional component
described herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIG. 33. This embodiment describes a UV device
comprising a telescoping horizontal arm 113 that enters the
container 4 through an opening on the side of the container 4. As
described herein, instead of a single telescoping horizontal arm
113, which can be of various length (depending on the size of the
container into which the UV device is being inserted), the UV
device may also have one more of the telescoping arms 47, the form
and function of which has been described herein. Users are
protected from UV exposure by a bracket 3 fitting over the opening.
A vertical housing 2 is attached to a central sleeve 12, which can
be moved upwardly and downwardly in a vertical axis. In some
embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp 5 attached to the
central sleeve 12. In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a
UV lamp cluster attached to the central sleeve 12. The UV device
depicted schematically in FIG. 33 may comprise any additional
component described herein. The entire UV device can be transported
on a movable object 112 comprising wheels 114. The wheels are
attached to supports attached to the object 112. As an non-limiting
example, four supports are schematically depicted in FIG. 33. In
some embodiments, the length of the supports is adjustable so that
the same movable object 112 can be used to introduce a UV device in
to containers having an opening a different positions. The
horizontal arm 113 may be rotatably attached to the object 112 so
that it can turn the UV device once inserted into the container
into different angle positions and also move it upwardly,
downwardly, and horizontally into any desired position.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIG. 34A. This embodiment describes a UV device
that is placed in top of a container 4 as schematically shown in
FIGS. 34B and 34C. The UV device comprises a housing 2 having two
arms, a first arm and a second arm (both indicated by 2 in FIG.
34A). The first arm may be in a fixed, non-movable position,
whereas the second arm may be movably attached to the first arm.
The two arms are connected to each other through a pivot point 118.
This connection allows the two arms to provide various angles
between them. When not in use, the second arm resides within the
first arm. The second arm comprises an opening through which a
power cord 90 (FIG. 34A) or any other rope or string 7 may be
guided which may be attached to a UV lamp 5. As schematically
depicted in FIG. 34A, a UV lamp 5 resides within the second arm,
which partially surrounds the UV lamp 5 (when not in use and the
power cord 90 is completely retracted) and which releases the UV
lamp 5 upon the twist lock 116 releasing the power cord 90. The
release of the power cord 90 (or string or cable or rope 7) is
controlled by a twist lock 116. As one of skill will appreciate
upon releasing the power cord 90 (or string or cable or rope 7),
the two arms of the housing 2 separate from each other. Approaching
an about 90 degree angle between the two arms of the housing 2, the
UV lamp will be positioned furthest away from the fixed arm of the
housing 2 (schematically shown in FIGS. 34B and 34C). In some
embodiments, this UV device comprises a power cord 90 connected to
the UV lamp 5 and a string or cable or rope 7 attached to the
second arm of the housing 2 and the twist look 116. In this
embodiment movement and positioning of the UV lamp 5 within a
container can be controlled in two ways. First, upon release of the
rope, cable or string 7 from a twist look 116, the second arm moves
from a vertical position to an angle position (between about 0
degree and 90 degree) without releasing the power cord 90 and the
UV lamp 5. The extent to which the rope, cable or string is being
released determines, as one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate, the positioning of the UV lamp 5 within the diameter of
the container 4. The second movement controls the vertical
positioning of the UV lamp 5 within the container 4 as is shown
schematically in FIG. 35. Upon release of the power cord 90 from
the twist look 116 (which can be the same or a different twist look
releasing string or cable or rope 7) the UV lamp 5 moves downwardly
in the container 4 towards the bottom of the container 4. As
described herein, when sterilizing a wide container (i.e., a
container having a large diameter), the arms of the housing 2 may
be chosen to have a length permitting the positioning of the UV
lamp 5 within the center of the container 4. In some embodiments,
this UV device comprises a UV lamp 5. In some embodiments, this UV
device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UV device depicted
schematically in FIG. 34 may comprise any additional component
described herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV
device depicted in FIG. 35. This embodiment describes a UV device
with similar functions as the UV device shown in FIG. 34A. In the
UV device schematically depicted in FIG. 35, a central sleeve 12
slides movably over the housing 2. The housing 2, similarly to that
of FIG. 34 comprises two arms. The two arms are attached to each
other by a pivot point 118. In this embodiment, the first arm may
be attached to the UV device so that it is rotatable permitting the
positioning of the UV lamp 5 (upon lowering the second arm as,
e.g., described herein) into various horizontal positions (see also
FIGS. 8-11, 15)
In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp 5. In some
embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UV
device depicted schematically in FIG. 32 may comprise any
additional component described herein.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the parts
described herein, in particular the parts controlling the movement
and positioning of a UV light source within the interior of a
container provide various means for moving and positioning the UV
light source, such as, a means of positioning the UV light source
within the central axis of a container, a means for tilting the UV
light source from a vertical axis to a horizontal axis at an upper
position within the container, a means for returning the UV light
source from a horizontal axis to a vertical axis at an upper
position within the container, a means for lowering or raising the
UV light source within the central axis of the container, a means
for stopping the UV light source at a pre-determined position along
the central axis within a container, a means for tilting the lamp
cluster from a vertical position to a horizontal position at a
lower position within a container, a means for returning the UV
light source from a horizontal axis to a vertical axis at the lower
position within a container, and a means for returning the UV light
source from a vertical position to a horizontal position within a
container.
III. Containers, Rooms and Defined Environments
In some embodiments, a UV device, preferably a UV light source,
more preferably a germicidal UV light source, is introduced into a
container, a room or a defined environment.
In some embodiments, a container is exposed to UV radiation. A
container accepts a UV light source for the purpose of
sterilization of the interior of the container, including any and
all objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces contained within the
interior of the container. In some embodiments, the objects,
fluids, materials, and surfaces within the interior of the
container are contained within the container temporarily. In other
embodiments, they are contained within the container
permanently.
The present invention provides a variety of containers. Containers,
include, but are not limited to a vat, a silo, a tub, a basket, a
case, a box, a barrel, a storage bin, a barrel, a keg, a tank
(e.g., a Porta tank), a container for biological fluids, a beverage
container, and an aquarium.
A container for biological fluid includes, but is not limited, to a
container for blood, a container for blood products, a container
for a fermentation product, a container for a cell culture product,
or a container for a biotechnology product. In some embodiments, a
fermentation product is an alcoholic beverage. In some embodiments,
a fermentation product is wine.
A beverage container includes, but is not limited, to a beverage
container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, an alcoholic
beverage, or a carbonated beverage. An alcoholic beverage includes,
but is not limited to beer, wine, gin, vodka, or whisky. A
preferred alcoholic beverage is wine. Thus, a preferred container
is a container for the fermentation of wine.
A container also includes any container for storing, transporting
or selling a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy
composition or a dry dairy composition. A "liquid dairy
composition" is any source of milk or milk ingredient. In exemplary
embodiments, the milk is from sheep, goats, or cows. Liquid dairy
compositions include without limitations, for example, liquid milk,
liquid skim milk, liquid non-fat milk, liquid low fat milk, liquid
whole milk, liquid half & half, liquid light cream, liquid
light whipping cream, liquid heavy cream, liquid lactose free milk,
liquid reduced lactose milk, liquid sodium free milk, liquid
reduced sodium milk, liquid dairy fortified with nutrients, such as
vitamins A, D, E, K, or calcium, liquid high protein dairy, liquid
whey protein concentrate, liquid whey protein isolate, etc. Milk
concentrates and milk protein concentrates are particularly
contemplated liquid dairy compositions. The term "milk concentrate"
means any liquid or dried dairy-based concentrate comprising milk,
skim milk, or milk proteins. Dry dairy components include without
limitation, for example, whole dry milk, non-fat dry milk, low fat
milk powder, whole milk powder, dry whey solids, de-mineralized
whey powders, individual whey protein, casein dairy powders,
individual casein powders, anhydrous milk fat, dried cream, lactose
free dairy powder, dry lactose derivatives, reduced sodium dairy
powder, etc. Also included are calorie-free dairy, cholesterol free
dairy, low calorie dairy, low cholesterol dairy, light dairy, etc.
Also included are combinations of any of the above liquid or dry
dairy components in any ratio.
Containers of various sizes, shapes, heights, and diameters can be
used in the methods of the present invention as long as they have
at least one opening through which a UV device or a UV lamp can be
introduced.
In some embodiments, a container (tank) capacity is selected from
the group consisting of at least about 5,000 gallons, at least
about 6,000 gallons, at least about 10,000 gallons, at least about
15,000 gallons, at least about 20,000 gallons, at least about
25,000 gallons, at least about 50,000 gallons, at least about
75,000 gallons, at least about 100,000 gallons, at least about
125,000 gallons, at least about 150,000 gallons, at least about
175,000 gallons, at least about 200,000 gallons, at least about
225,000 gallons, at least about 250,000 gallons, at least about
300,000 gallons, at least about 350,000 gallons, at least about
400,000 gallons, at least about 450,000 gallons, at least about
500,000 gallons. In some embodiments, a container to be sanitized
has a capacity of from about 100,000 gallons to about 500,000
gallons. In some embodiments, a container to be sanitized has a
capacity of from about 200,000 gallons to about 500,000 gallons. In
some embodiments, a container to be sanitized has a capacity of
from about 300,000 gallons to about 500,000 gallons. Individual
tank capacities are described in detail in the Examples.
Containers of various refractive indexes can be used in the methods
of the present invention.
Containers of various reflective nature can be used in the methods
of the present invention. As indicated in the following table,
different materials reflect different percentages of UV light (254
nm). One of skill in the art will appreciate the contribution of
the reflectance of a material will have for achieving a desired UV
intensity useful for UV disinfection and sterilization (see Table
6).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Reflective Factors On Various Surfaces At
254 Nm Wavelength. The values are obtained at normal incidence. The
percentage reflectances increases rapidly at angles greater than
75%. (American Ultraviolet Company, Lebanon, IN 46052, USA)
Material % Reflectance Aluminum, etched 88 Aluminum, foil 73
Aluminum, polished commercial 73 Chromium 45 Glass 4 Nickel 38
Silver 22 Stainless steel 20-30 Tri-plated steel 28 Water paints
10-30 White cotton 30 White oil paint 5-10 White paper 25 White
porcelain 5 White wall plaster 40-60
In some embodiments of the present invention, the interior surface
of a container is UV reflective.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the interior surface
of a container is stainless steel.
Typically, a container for use in a method of the present invention
is a closed container with one or more openings at the top (e.g.,
see FIGS. 1-11, 14-16, 22-25, 29, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48), at a
side wall (e.g., see FIG. 31), or at the bottom part of a side wall
(e.g., see FIGS. 32, 33, 41, 48 56-59, and 63). In some
embodiments, this opening is referred to as manhole and is shown
in, e.g., FIGS. 22-25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48. The manhole or
port 77 provides access to the container from the top of the
container and further allows, e.g., for the attachment of various
pressure washing devices. The manhole or port also allows the
positioning of a UV device, e.g., of a UV device having a
telescopic arm for practicing a method of the invention. As shown
in FIGS. 22-25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48, part of the UV device
rests on top of the manhole or port 77 when the UV device is used
for the UV sterilization of the container. In some embodiments, a
pulley mount arm rests on the top of the manhole.
In some embodiments, the means for attaching the UV device to a
container, attaches the UV device to the manhole or port 77. This
attachment is typically done using a hanger, more specifically,
using the clamp post 53 or a mounting bracket 3.
In some embodiments, the means for attaching the UV device to a
container, attaches the UV device to an opening at a side of a
container. This attachment is typically done using a hanger, more
specifically, using the clamp post 53 or a mounting bracket 3
(e.g., see, FIG. 59).
In some embodiments of the present invention, a container comprises
a lid (indicated by 29 in the figures). In some embodiments of the
present invention, a container comprises a hinged lid (indicated by
30 in the figures). The lid itself may have one or more openings
through which a UV device or parts thereof (such as a UV light
source) may be inserted inwardly into the container. When a lid is
present, upon beginning the UV sterilization process, the lid is
closed so to not expose a practitioner or any other person to the
UV light. If a lid cannot be completely closed because, e.g., the
attachment or placement of a UV device at an opening of the
container, a protective shield can be used to prevent UV light from
escaping the container.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a container comprises
one or more support stands (indicated by 115 in the figures).
A. Fermentation Container
In some embodiments of the present invention, a container is a
container used in zymurgy or the production of an alcoholic
beverage. A UV device of the present invention may be used in any
large scale commercial steel vessel involved in the fermentation
and production of an alcoholic beverage. The term "alcoholic
beverage" is used to include the alcoholic beverage prescribed in
Liquor Tax Law Chapter 1, Section 2.
A fermentation container may be of various size, shape, height, and
can be used in a method of the present invention as long as it has
at least one opening through which a UV device or UV lamp can be
introduced.
A fermentation container may be made of a variety of materials,
including stainless steel, wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, or
glass. A preferred fermentation container is made of wood.
IV. Systems
In another aspect of the present invention, systems comprising a UV
device described herein, are provided. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a system comprises a UV device. A UV device may
include one or more components as described herein, e.g., a
germicidal UV light source, a detector, a housing, a range-finding
device, a bracket, an optical component, a circuit board, a frame,
an upper frame, a lower frame, a UV sensor, one or more hinges
(pivots) and/or a motorized unit. In some embodiments of the
present invention, a system comprises a UV device and a container.
In some embodiments, the container of such a system is selected
from the group consisting of a container for fermenting an
alcoholic beverage, a container for storing or transporting a dairy
product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy
composition; a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a
carbonated beverage; and a container for a biological fluid. In
some embodiments, the container of such a system comprises wood,
plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum,
polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless
steel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil
paint, white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a
fabric.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a
UV device and a room, a space or defined environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a
UV device and a control box 127, wherein the control box comprises
a circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the
portable UV device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a
UV device, a control box 127, wherein the control box comprises a
circuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the
portable UV device and a case 137, wherein, the UV device, when not
in use, resides within the case 137. In some embodiment, the case
137 is attached to the control box 127. In some embodiments a lower
surface of the case 137 is attached to an upper surface of the
control box 127 so that the case 137 resides on top of the control
box 127. In some embodiments and for easy maneuvering cart wheels
142 may be attached to the control box 127. In some embodiments and
for easy maneuvering one or more handrails 138 may be attached to
the control box 127. A system comprising a UV device (residing in a
case), a case 137, and a control box 127 is shown, e.g., in FIG.
51.
For transportation, a system comprising a UV device (residing in a
case), a case 137 and control box 127 can be strapped to a
transportation rack 140. Thus, in some embodiments of the present
invention, a system comprises a UV device, a control box 127,
wherein the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one
or more functionalities of the portable UV device, a case 137,
wherein, the UV device, when not in use, resides within the case
137, and a transportation rack 140 adapted to accommodate the
control box 127 and case 137 for transportation. In some
embodiments, a transportation rack comprises a plurality of
fastening brackets 139. The fastening brackets comprise an opening
through which fastenings 141 can be guided through to allow
fastening of the control box 127 and case 137 to the transportation
rack 140. A system comprising a UV device (residing in a case), a
case 137, a control box 127 and a transportation rack 140, is
shown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and 50.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use
in a method for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of an interior
surface of a container. In other embodiments of the present
invention, a system is for use in a method for ultraviolet (UV)
sterilization of a room, a space or a defined environment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use
in a method for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of
microorganisms present in a container, preferably for inhibiting
the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an
interior surface of a container. In other embodiments of the
present invention, a system is for use in a method for inhibiting
the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a
room, a space or a defined environment, preferably for inhibiting
the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an
interior surface of a room, a space or a defined environment.
V. Methods of Use
In another aspect of the present invention, methods of using a UV
device described herein, are provided. In some embodiments, a
method of using a UV device is a method for ultraviolet (UV)
sterilization of an interior surface of a container. In some
embodiments, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface
of a container comprises the steps of movably and inwardly
inserting through an opening of a container a germicidal UV light
source and activating the germicidal UV light source.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV
sterilization of an interior surface of a container further
comprises the step of providing a container having an opening,
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV
sterilization of an interior surface of a container further
comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source to a
first vertical downwards position within the container. In some
embodiments, as described herein, the method further comprises the
step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the first
vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within the
container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method
further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source
from the horizontal position to a second vertical downwards
position within the container.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV
sterilization of an interior surface of a container further
comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV light source from a
horizontal position to a first vertical position within a
container. Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however,
depending on the UV device employed for practicing a method, the
movement can also be upwardly. In some embodiments, as described
herein, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a
container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV
light source from the first vertical position within the container
to a second vertical position within the container. Preferably, the
movement is downwardly, however, depending on the UV device
employed for practicing a method, the movement can also be
upwardly.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UV
sterilization of an interior surface of a container further
comprises the step of positioning a UV device on a bottom surface
of a container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the
method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container
further comprises the step of moving a UV device on a bottom
surface of a container from a first position to a second
position.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further
comprises the step of attaching a UV device comprising the
germicidal UV light source to the container. Preferably, the
attachment is at an opening at the container. An opening at a
container can be on top of the container, at a side wall of the
container or at a bottom part of a side wall of the container.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further
comprises the step of movably positioning a UV device comprising
the germicidal UV light source in a container. Preferably, movably
positioning a UV device in a container comprises moving a UV device
trough an opening into the container. An opening at a container can
be on top of the container, at a side wall of the container or at a
bottom part of a side wall of the container. The positioning of the
UV device within the container may be on the floor of the
container.
In some embodiments, a method of using a UV device is a method for
inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an
interior surface of a container. In some embodiments, the method
for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on
an interior surface of a container comprises the steps of movably
and inwardly inserting through the opening of a container a
germicidal UV light source and activating the germicidal UV
light.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting
the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior
surface of a container further comprises the step of providing a
container having an opening.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting
the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior
surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the
germicidal UV light source to a first vertical downwards position
within the container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the
method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms
present on an interior surface of a container further comprises the
step of moving the germicidal UV light source from the first
vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within the
container. In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for
inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an
interior surface of a container further comprises the step of
moving the germicidal UV light source from the horizontal position
to a second vertical downwards position within the container.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting
the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior
surface of a container further comprises the step of moving the
germicidal UV light source from a horizontal position to a first
vertical position within the container. Preferably, the movement is
downwardly, however, depending on the UV device employed for
practicing a method, the movement can also be upwardly. In some
embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting the
growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface
of a container further comprises the step of moving the germicidal
UV light source from the first vertical position within the
container to a second vertical position within the container.
Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however, depending on the
UV device employed for practicing a method, the movement can also
be upwardly.
In some embodiments, as described herein, method for inhibiting the
growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface
of a container further comprises the step of positioning a UV
device on a bottom surface of a container. In some embodiments, as
described herein, the method for inhibiting the growth of one or
more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container
further comprises the step of moving a UV device on a bottom
surface of a container from a first position to a second
position.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting
the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior
surface of a container further comprises the step of attaching a UV
device comprising the germicidal UV light source to the container.
Preferably, the attachment is at an opening at the container. An
opening at a container can be on top of the container, at a side
wall of the container or at a bottom part of a side wall of the
container.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting
the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior
surface of a container further comprises the step of movably
positioning a UV device comprising the germicidal UV light source
in a container. Preferably, movably positioning a UV device in a
container comprises moving a UV device trough an opening into the
container. An opening at a container can be on top of the
container, at a side wall of the container or at a bottom part of a
side wall of the container. The positioning of the UV device within
the container may be on the floor of the container.
In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting
the growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior
surface of a container further comprises the step of attaching a UV
device comprising the germicidal UV light source to the
container.
A. Providing A Container
In some embodiments, a method for UV sterilization of an interior
surface of a container comprises the step of providing a container
having an opening. In some embodiments, a method for inhibiting the
growth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface
of a container comprises the step of providing a container having
an opening. Containers useful for practicing methods of the present
invention are described herein.
B. Attaching a UV Device to a Container
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of attaching a UV device to a container. Attaching a UV
device temporarily, for a prolonged time, or permanently to a
container is described herein. An exemplary embodiment of attaching
a UV device to an opening at a side wall of a container is shown in
FIG. 59. Thereby, a portable UV device is attached firmly and
temporarily, e.g., for the duration of a sanitization cycle
positioned to an opening of the container and is restricted from
moving.
C. Movably and Inwardly Inserting a UV Light Source into a
Container
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of movably and inwardly inserting a germicidal UV light
source through an opening of the container. The opening of the
container may be on top of the container as illustrated in FIGS.
1-11, 14-16, 22-25, 29, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48). Alternatively,
an opening of the container may also be at the bottom of a
container or at a side of a container as illustrated in FIGS.
31-33, 41, 48, 56-59).
One of skill in the art reading the instant specification will
appreciate that a UV light source can be movably and inwardly
inserted into a container through an opening on the top of the
container, through an opening at the bottom of the container, or
through an opening at a side of the container. As described herein,
a UV light source, once movably an inwardly inserted into a
container can be moved to any desired or predetermined position
within the container. One of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate that the methods described herein for positioning a UV
light source within a container can be easily modified to account
for the point of where the UV light source is being movably
inserted into a container. Those would be considered design choices
in view of the disclosure provided herewith.
In some embodiments, once the UV light source is movably and
inwardly inserted into a container, it remains in a stationary
position for the time of the sterilization process. In some other
embodiments, once the UV light source is movably and inwardly
inserted into a container, it is mobile. In some embodiments, a UV
light source moves longitudinally within the container. In some
embodiments, a UV light source moves laterally. In some
embodiments, a UV light source rotates on its own axis or about an
axis. In some embodiments, a combination of movements of some or
all movements is used to achieve the desired result of positioning
a UV light source at a desired or predetermined position within a
container. The movement of a UV light source is achieved through
use of a motorized unit, use of a hydraulic system, manually, or a
combination thereof.
Mobility of the UV light source may depend on the size and shape of
the container and on the size, shape, and intensity of the UV
lamp(s). The use of a mobile UV light source will depend on the
desired sterilization rate. If, for example, a faster rate is
desired, the UV light source preferably is positioned closer to the
inner surface of the container to be sterilized. Thus, in this
embodiment, a means by which the UV light source is positioned in
closer proximity to the inner surface is recommended. Similarly, in
some embodiments, the positioning of the UV light source is altered
to avoid an obstruction, such as an internally mounted thermometer
or the like. As one of skill in the art will appreciate, the
longitudinal movement of a UV light source depends on the height of
the vessel. Further, the lateral movement of a UV light source
depends on the diameter of the container. In embodiments where a
rotating UV light source is used, the rate of rotation will depend
on the type of UV lamp used (continuous UVC vs. pulsed UV) and on
the intensity of the UV lamp.
D. Activating and Deactivating a UV Light Source
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of activating a germicidal UV light source. Thereby a
necessary or predetermined dose of radiation will be delivered.
Activating of the UV light source initiates the process of
sterilization, disinfection and growth inhibition of the one or
more microorganisms by providing a UV dose for effective
sterilization of microorganisms, disinfection of the interior
surface of a container, and for the growth inhibition of the one or
more microorganisms.
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of manually activating a germicidal UV light source. In
some embodiments, a UV device comprises an on/off switch for
manually activating the germicidal UV light source. In some
embodiments, a UV light source is connected to an external control
box 127 comprising an on/off switch 85 for manually activating the
germicidal UV light source.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises
an interface for activating the UV device, for inactivating the UV
device, for making a user aware of the time elapsed in a
sterilization cycle and/or making a user aware of the time
remaining for completion of a sterilization cycle. Some interface
function may be connected to a visual or audible alert or to an
email notification, telephonic contacting or texting. In some
embodiments, a UV device is connected to an external control box
127 comprising a touchscreen interface 135 adapted to provide input
for functionalities as described herein.
In some embodiments, activation of the UV light source occurs at a
predetermined time and may be controlled by an RFID communicating
with a circuit board attached to the UV device (e.g., FIGS. 26 and
36). In some embodiments, the information retrieved from the RFID
is used by the circuit board to determine the length of extension
of the telescopic arm (e.g., moving the UV light source into a
first vertical downwards position; payout position, e.g., see FIG.
23) and the length of descent of the UV light source from its
horizontal position into the second vertical downwards position
(e.g., see FIG. 25).
In some embodiments, activation of the UV light source occurs for a
predetermined time. Preferably the duration of the activation of
the UV light source is provided for a time sufficient to cause an
at least about 1 log reduction of microorganisms on the interior
surface of a container, an at least about 2 log reduction of one or
more microorganisms on the interior surface of a container, an at
least about 3 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the
interior surface of a container, an at least about 4 log reduction
of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface of a
container, an at least about 5 log reduction of one or more
microorganisms on the interior surface of a container, or an at
least about 6 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the
interior surface of a container.
By inserting a UV light source into the interior of a container and
by activating the UV light source, the interior surface of the
container is exposed to a UV light dose. In some embodiments, the
UV light dose is measured by a UV sensor 154, as described herein.
Data measured by the UV sensor are relayed to the control box 127
and may be shown on the touchscreen interface 135.
Once the desired UV intensity has been applied to the interior
surface of a container, the UV light source may be deactivated. In
some embodiments, deactivation is performed by a timer, which can
be set to different times depending on the desired log reduction of
the desired microorganisms (see calculations of killing rates in
Example B). Deactivation can also be performed by a UV detector (or
UV sensor 154), which would automatically shut off the UV lamp(s)
when the desired UV intensity has been attained. In some
embodiments of the present invention, deactivation may also be
controlled by a RFID. In some embodiments of the present invention,
deactivation, upon completing a sterilization cycle, is controlled
by a circuit board attached to the UV device or by a circuit board
residing in an external control box 127. Again, the desired UV
intensity will depend on the desired log reduction of the desired
microorganisms. For example, using a UV lamp with an output of 190
microwatts/cm.sup.2 at 254 nm (at a distance of 1 meter), placed
within a fermentation vessel 60'' from the interior surface, if a 2
log reduction of Shigella dysentery is desired, 4,200 microwatt
seconds/cm.sup.2 would be required. Once the UV detector has
detected that 4,200 microwatt seconds/cm.sup.2 have been attained
it would automatically shut off the UV lamp. Thus, in some
embodiments, the method for UV sterilization of an interior surface
of a container comprises the step deactivating a germicidal UV
light source. As described herein, deactivation may occur
automatically by using a preset UV detector. Alternatively,
deactivation is performed manually. In some embodiments, a UV
device comprises an on/off switch for manually deactivating the
germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, a UV light source
is connected to an external control box 127 comprising an on/off
switch 85 for manually deactivating the germicidal UV light
source.
In some embodiments, the process of sterilizing the interior of a
container comprises the step of subjecting the interior of the
container to UV radiation.
While typically a single exposure of an interior surface of a
container by a necessary or predetermined UV dose is sufficient to
achieve a desired log reduction of microorganisms, in some
embodiments, the interior surface of the container is exposed
multiple times to UV radiation.
Short-wave UV light is harmful to humans. In addition to causing
sunburn and (over time) skin cancer, UV light can produce extremely
painful inflammation of the cornea of the eye, which may lead to
temporary or permanent vision impairment. It can also damage the
retina of the eye. For this reason, the light produced by a
germicidal UV lamp must be carefully shielded against both direct
viewing and reflections and dispersed light that might be viewed.
Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, the methods of
sterilization a container and methods for inhibiting the growth of
one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of a
container comprise the step of covering the opening of the
container through which the germicidal UV light source has been
inserted with a lid, top, or cover. The lid, top or cover
essentially does not allow the UV light to penetrate and thus,
protects humans from the harmful UV light.
E. Releasing a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Housing
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of releasing a germicidal UV light source from a housing.
Thereby a germicidal UV light source, e.g., a UV lamp, is released
from a housing. In some embodiments, the releasing of the
germicidal UV light source from the housing is accomplished by a
motorized unit. The motorized unit (exemplary shown in FIGS. 1-3,
38, 39, 42, 43, 45) is connected to a rope, cable or wire 7, which
is connected to a UV lamp 5 and thus, can move the UV lamp 5 in an
downward direction for use and moves the UV lamp 5 in an upward
direction after use. Alternatively, depending on the UV device
being used, the UV lamp 5 is moved in an upwardly direction for use
and in a downwardly direction after use. Various modes of releasing
a UV lamp 5 from a housing 2 have been described herein in the
context of the various UV devices useful for practicing a method of
the present invention.
In some embodiments, upon release from the housing, the germicidal
UV light source moves longitudinally into the container to a
predetermined position. An example of such a longitudinally
movement is depicted, e.g., in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, upon
release from the housing, the germicidal UV light source moves
laterally in the container to a predetermined position. An example
of such a lateral movement is depicted, e.g., in FIG. 7. In some
embodiments, upon release from the housing, the germicidal UV light
source rotates in the container. Examples of such a rotational
movement are depicted, e.g., in FIGS. 9-11.
Still other modes for releasing a germicidal UV light source from a
housing are depicted, e.g., in FIGS. 27, 40, 41 and 44. In some of
those embodiments, a hinge or UV lamp module swing 81, is used to
move the UV light source from a closed position into an exposed
(released) position.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, releasing a
germicidal UV light source from a housing is only necessary in the
methods of the present invention, wherein the housing is not UV
light permissible, i.e., wherein the housing is made of a material
which does not allow UV light to penetrate through. In some UV
devices of the present invention, the UV light source resides
within a housing made of a material which permits UV light to pass
through. The UV light source of such UV devices does not need to be
released from its housing for use in a method of the present
invention. For example, some members of the UVT-4 family of UV
devices comprise a housing made of a material allowing UV light to
pass through even when the housing fully encases the UV light
source.
F. Placing a UV Device on an Upper Perimeter of a Container
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of placing a UV device comprising a bracket to which the
germicidal UV light source is attached on the upper perimeter of a
container. Thereby the UV device comprising the UV light source is
firmly positioned on the upper perimeter of the container is
restricted from moving downwards due to the brackets. An exemplary
placing of a bracket to which the germicidal UV light source is
attached on the upper perimeter of a container is shown in FIGS. 3,
10, and 11. While the bracket is firmly placed on the upper
perimeter of a container, as shown in FIGS. 3, 10, and 11 other
parts of the UV device can be moved downwards into the
container.
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of placing a UV device comprising a housing to which the
germicidal UV light source is attached (either directly or
indirectly) on the upper perimeter of a container. Thereby the UV
device comprising the UV light source is firmly positioned on the
upper perimeter of the container and is restricted from moving
downwards, e.g., by comprising a base plate (e.g., FIGS. 28, 29).
An exemplary placing of a housing and base plate to which the
germicidal UV light source is attached on the upper perimeter of a
container is shown in FIGS. 28 and 29. While the base plate is
firmly placed on the upper perimeter of a container, as shown in
FIG. 29 other parts of the UV device, such as the UV light source
can be moved downwards into the container.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a subject method
comprises the step of positioning a UV device on top of an opening
of a container. This step is schematically depicted, e.g., in FIGS.
1-3, 10, 11, 29, 30, 34, 41, 44 and 48.
G. Movably and Inwardly Inserting a Second Germicidal UV Light
Source Through an Opening of a Container, or into a Room or into a
Defined Environment
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of a
container, into a room or into a defined environment a second
germicidal UV light source. The second germicidal UV light source
can be inserted similarly as the first germicidal light source or
differently. Insertion of the second germicidal UV light source can
be simultaneously with insertion of the first germicidal light
source or subsequently. In embodiments comprising a member of the
UVT-4 family of UV devices, wherein at least one first germicidal
light source is connected to a lower frame and wherein at least one
second UV light source is connected to an upper frame and wherein
the lower frame and upper frame are connected, both germicidal UV
light sources are inserted simultaneously into a container, into a
room or into a defined environment. In some embodiments, the second
germicidal light source differs from the first germicidal light
source in dimension and/or intensity.
H. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source to a First Vertical
Downwards Position within a Container, a Room, or Defined
Environment
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of moving a germicidal UV light source to a first vertical
downwards position within a container, a room or a defined
environment. Moving a germicidal UV light source to a first
vertical downwards position within a container, a room or a defined
environment is described herein.
I. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Vertical
Downwards Position to a Horizontal Position within a Container, a
Room or a Defined Environment
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first
vertical downwards position to a horizontal position within a
container, a room, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary
skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light
source from a first vertical downwards position to a horizontal
position within a container, a room, or a defined environment,
comprises moving the UV device through angular positions between
the first vertical position and the horizontal position. Such
movement can be terminated at any desired angular position between
the first vertical downwards position and the horizontal position.
Moving a germicidal UV light source from a first vertical downwards
position to a horizontal position within a container, a room or a
defined environment is described herein.
J. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Horizontal Position
to a Second Vertical Downwards Position within a Container, a Room
or a Defined Environment
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal
position to a second vertical downwards position within a
container, a room, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary
skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light
source from a horizontal position to a a second vertical downwards
position within a container, a room, or a defined environment,
comprises moving the UV device through angular positions between
the horizontal position and the second vertical downwards position.
Such movement can be terminated at any desired angular position
between the horizontal position and the second vertical downwards
position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal
position to a second vertical downwards position within a
container, a room or a defined environment is described herein.
K. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Horizontal Position
to a First Vertical Position within a Container, a Room or a
Defined Environment
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal
position within a container to a first vertical position within a
container, a room, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary
skill in the art will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light
source from a horizontal position to a first vertical within a
container, a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the
UV device through angular positions between the horizontal position
and the first vertical position. Such movement can be terminated at
any desired angular position between the horizontal position and
the first vertical position. Moving a germicidal UV light source
from a horizontal position within a container to a first vertical
position within a container, a room, or a defined environment is
described herein.
L. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Vertical
Position to a Second Vertical Position within a Container, a Room
or a Defined Environment
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first
vertical position within a container, a room, or a defined
environment to a second vertical position within the container,
room or defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art
will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a first
vertical position to a second vertical position within a container,
a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device in
increments of inches or centimeters between the first vertical
position and the second vertical position. Such movement can be
terminated at any desired position between the first vertical
position and the second vertical position. Moving a germicidal UV
light source from a first vertical position within a container to a
second vertical position within a container is described
herein.
M. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Horizontal
Position to a Second Horizontal Position within a Container, a Room
or a Defined Environment
In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises
the step of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first
horizontal position within a container, a room, or a defined
environment to a second horizontal position within the container,
room or defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art
will appreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a first
horizontal position to a second horizontal position within a
container, a room, or a defined environment, comprises moving the
UV device in increments of inches or centimeters between the first
horizontal position and the second horizontal position. Such
movement can be terminated at any desired position between the
first horizontal position and the second horizontal position.
Moving a germicidal UV light source from a first horizontal
position within a container to a second horizontal position within
a container is described herein. For example, it has been found
that members of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices are
particular useful for sanitizing large containers, large rooms and
large defined environments. As described in the Examples, UV
devices have been used to sterilize tanks having a capacity ranging
from about 5,000 gallons to more than 200,000 gallons, ranging in
diameters from several yards or meters to about ten yards or
meters. Sometimes, those large containers do not have sufficient
breathable air to permit a user of a portable UV device to crawl
into such container and move the UV device from a first position to
a second position, either horizontally, vertically or angularly.
While in some embodiments, motorized units are used to accomplish
such movements, other embodiments provide for a simple manual use.
In such embodiments, an extension tool is provided (FIG. 62). In
some embodiments, an extension tool comprises an extension rod 173,
which can be of varying length. In some embodiments, the extension
rod 173 is extendable by itself and the length of extension is
locked in by a fastening mechanism. In some embodiments, the
extension tool comprises a base plate 172, having a front side and
a back side (FIG. 62). In some embodiments, the extension rod 173
is attached to the back side of the base plate (FIG. 62). In some
embodiments, a plurality of wheels 114 are attached to the base
plate 172 (FIG. 62). Once connected to the extension tool (see
below), wheels 114 facilitate movement of a portable UV device
within a container, room or defined environment. In some
embodiments, an extension tool further comprises a top plate 171
having an upper side and a lower side (FIG. 62). In some
embodiments of an extension tool, the top plate 171 is attached to
the base plate 172 in a perpendicular orientation. Other
attachments are within the art.
FIG. 63 shows an exemplary attachment of an extension tool to a
portable UV device. In this non-limiting example, the extension
tool is connected to a means for attaching the portable UV device
to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a
fixture in or at a defined environment. More specifically, in this
non-limiting example, the extension tool is connected to a mounting
bracket 3 attached to the portable UV device. As shown un FIG. 63,
the mounting bracket 3 adapted to attach the portable UV device to
an opening of e.g., a container, is further adapted to connect with
the extension tool. More specifically, the top plate 171 of the
extension tool is attached to the mounting bracket 3 and fastened
to it by the bracket tightening knob 149. As further shown in FIG.
64, once the extension tool is attached to the mounting bracket 3,
the portable UV device is then positioned on the bottom of the
large container at its first horizontal position. This is made
possible because of the second hinge 174, which moveable connects
the bracket 3 with the lower frame 146 of the UV device. By
manually pushing the extension tool and facilitated by the wheels
114 attached to the portable UV device and wheels 114 attached to
the extension tool, a user can easily move the portable UV device
from the first horizontal position to a second horizontal position
within the container (or a room or a defined environment). To
ensure that the vertical interior surfaces are treated with
approximately the same UV dose, in some embodiments, the second
horizontal position is in the middle of a container, room, or
defined environment. Once the sanitization cycle is complete, as
one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a user will pull
back the extension tool and thereby move the portable UV device
from that second horizontal position back to the first horizontal
position for easy retrieval from the container, room or defined
environment.
N. Inhibiting Growth Of Microorganisms
In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light
source is used to inhibit the growth of a microorganism or inhibit
the growth of one or more microorganisms. The terms "inhibiting the
growth of microorganisms," growth arresting microorganisms,"
"reducing microorganisms," "killing microorganisms," or
grammatically equivalents are used interchangeably herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a microorganism is a
yeast species. The following provides a non-exhaustive list of
yeast species that are typically found in a fermentation container,
and more specifically on an interior surface of a fermentation
container. Yeast species that have been investigated for wine and
beer production include those from the Candida, Kloeckera,
Hanseniaspora, Zygosaccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Torulaspora,
Brettanomyces, Pichia, Hansenula, Metschnikowia, Torulespora,
Debaryomyces, Saccharrmycodes (species ludwigii), and Williopsis
genera. Cultured yeast species include Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
Saccharomyces bayanus. The growth of non-Saccharomyces yeast in
wine production is also being investigated and can be inhibited.
Thus, in some embodiments, it is particularly desirable to inhibit
the growth of a yeast species using a method of the present
invention. For example, 17,600 .mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 is necessary for a 2
log killing of Sacchahhmycodes and 6,600 .mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 for a 2
log killing of Brewer's yeast. UV intensities required for
sterilization for unknown microorganism species can be determined
by one of skill in the art using methods known in the art and
described herein.
Some of the microorganisms found in a fermentation container, more
specifically, on an interior surface of a fermentation container,
are pathogenic. In some embodiments of the present invention, a
microorganism is a pathogenic microorganism. Those microorganisms
include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium
diphtheria, Salmonella paratyphi (causing enteric fever),
Salmonella typhosa (causing typhoid fever), Shigella dysenteriae
(causing dysentery), Shigella flexerni (causing dysentery),
Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
hemolyticus, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus viridians and
Vibrio comma (causing cholera). Thus, in some embodiments, it is
particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a pathogenic
microorganism using a method of the present invention.
Other microorganisms found in a fermentation container, more
specifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container,
are detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage. Those
microorganisms include, but are not limited to, Brettanomyces
(Dekkera), lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, and
Oenococcus. Brettanomyces species include B. abstinens, B.
anomalus, B. bruxellensis, B. claussenii, B. custersianus, B.
custersii, B. intermedius, B. lambicus, and B. naardensis. The
genus Dekkera (the perfect form of Brettanomyces, meaning it can
sporulate), includes the species D. bruxellensis and D.
intermedius. Thus, in some embodiments, it is particularly
desirable to inhibit the growth of a microorganism, which is
detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage, using a
method of the present invention.
Other microorganisms found in a fermentation container, more
specifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container,
that are detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage are
bacterial microorganisms. Bacteria genus include, but are not
limited to, Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and
Leuconostoc. Acetobacter species include, e.g., A. aced, A.
hansennii, A. liquefaciens, and A. pasteurienus. Lactobacillus
species (ML bacteria, spoilage) include, e.g., L. fructivorans and
others. Pediococcus species (ML bacteria, spoilage) include, e.g.,
P. damnosus and others. Leuconostoc species (ML bacteria) include,
e.g., L. o and others. Thus, in some embodiments, it is
particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a bacterial
microorganism using a method of the present invention.
1. Duration of Sterilization
The duration of sterilization, i.e., the time of activating a UV
light source, determines the percentage of how many microorganisms
are growth arrested or killed. As one of skill in the art will
appreciate, the duration of a sterilization cycle is based on the
power output of the UV lamp and the distance of the UV lamp from
the walls and surfaces of the container to be sterilized.
In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for
a time to ensure that at least 90% of the microorganisms present on
the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of
skill in art will appreciate that a 90% growth arrest of
microorganisms corresponds to a 1 log reduction.
In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for
a time to ensure that at least 99% of the microorganisms present on
the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of
skill in art will appreciate that a 99% growth arrest of
microorganisms corresponds to a 2 log reduction.
In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for
a time to ensure that at least 99.9% of the microorganisms present
on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of
skill in art will appreciate that a 99.9% growth arrest of
microorganisms corresponds to a 3 log reduction.
In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for
a time to ensure that at least 99.99% of the microorganisms present
on the surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of
skill in art will appreciate that a 99.99% growth arrest of
microorganisms corresponds to a 4 log reduction.
In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for
a time to ensure that at least 99.999% of the microorganisms
present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or
killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 99.999% growth
arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 5 log reduction.
In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for
a time to ensure that at least 99.9999% of the microorganisms
present on the surface of a container are growth arrested or
killed. One of skill in art will appreciate that a 99.9999% growth
arrest of microorganisms corresponds to a 6 log reduction.
Examples 6 and 7, in particular, provide useful times and guidance
for sanitization of various containers. Examples 10 and 11 provide
exemplary comparative studies of sanitization using a UV device of
the present invention and other sanitization methods.
2. Extinction Depths at 254 nm Wavelength
When practicing methods of the present invention, the extinction
depths of the UV light source at 254 nm wavelength in various
liquids needs to be taken into consideration, unless the surface of
the container to be sterilized is completely dry. The application
of UV light to sterilize a surface following a pressure wash would
have to take into account the extinction depth of UV light at 254
nm in the remaining tap water. However, the depth of tap water the
UV light must penetrate is minimal and would be equivalent to that
of a film of water or at most interspersed water droplets. In some
instances, the effect of depth of tap water on the duration of
sterilization and kill rate will have to be tested using methods
described herein and available in the art. This is due to the fact
that following pressure washing of a container (e.g., a
fermentation vessel), the remaining layer of water covering the
container may not be homogeneous. Maximum depths of water drops can
be used to calculate extra time needed for the sterilization cycle.
Although the extinction coefficient could theoretically be used to
calculate this, it would not take into account the reflection and
scattering caused by uneven surfaces of the water film and water
droplets, as such empirical data would be more useful for
determining how to adjust sterilization timing. The following table
provides guidance:
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Extinction Depths at 254 nm Wavelength
(relationship to clear water) (American Ultraviolet Company,
Lebanon, IN 46052, USA) Liquid Extinction Depth Apple juice 1.0
Beer <1.3 Liquid sugar 1.0 Milk - whole, raw <0.1 Vinegar
<5.0 Water - concrete cistern <75 Water - distilled 3,000
Water - tap or mains 125-180 Wine <2.5
O. Assessing Microbial Concentration
Microbial concentration on interior surfaces of containers may be
assessed before and after performing a method of the present
invention, such as the UV disinfection and UV sterilization methods
described herein. A lower microbial concentration on interior
surfaces of containers after a method of the present invention,
e.g., performing a UV disinfection or UV sterilization method
evidences the effectiveness of the method used. Methods for
assessing microbial concentration are known in the art. Exemplary
methods are described herein.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein,
including the best mode known to the inventor for carrying out the
invention. Of course, variations on those preferred embodiments
will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon
reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled
artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventor
intends for the invention to be practiced otherwise than
specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes
all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in
the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law.
Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all
possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless
otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by
context.
As can be appreciated from the disclosure above, the present
invention has a wide variety of applications. While each of the
elements of the present invention is described herein as containing
multiple embodiments, it should be understood that, unless
indicated otherwise, each of the embodiments of a given element of
the present invention is capable of being used with each of the
embodiments of the other elements of the present invention and each
such use is intended to form a distinct embodiment of the present
invention. The invention is further illustrated by the following
examples, which are only illustrative and are not intended to limit
the definition and scope of the invention in any way.
M. Sanitization of a Room, a Space or a Defined Environment
In some embodiments, a UV device, preferably a UV light source,
more preferably a germicidal UV light source, is used to sanitize a
room, a space or a defined environment. The terms "sanitization" or
"sanitation" and "UV sterilization" and grammatical equivalents
thereof are used interchangeably herein. The meaning of a room is
not limited to an enclosed room having walls, a ceiling, a floor or
other barriers, but rather includes spaces open to at least on side
and any defined environment. As exemplified herein, in some
embodiments, a room, a space or defined environment is selected
from the group consisting of a commercial kitchen, a medical
facility, an acute care area, an operating room, a medical
equipment storage cabinet, a clean room, a bathroom, a food
production area, a nursery home, a trailer, a truck, a wagon, a
rail car, an airplane, a boat, a grocery store display case, and a
deli counter.
Thus, the present invention provides methods for sanitization (UV
sterilization) of a room, a space or a defined environment. In some
embodiments of this method, the method comprises the step of
providing a room, a space or a defined environment in need of
sanitization and exposing the room, the space or the defined
environment to ultraviolet (UV) sterilization using a UV device. In
some embodiments of this method, the method comprises the step of
selecting a room, a space or a defined environment in need of
sanitization and exposing the room, the space or the defined
environment to ultraviolet (UV) sterilization using a UV device.
Suitable UV devices are described herein. Some embodiments of the
method for sanitizing a room, a space or defined environment
comprise the step of attaching a UV device to a fixture within the
room, the space or the defined environment. Some embodiments of the
method for sanitizing a room, a space or defined environment
comprise the step of attaching a UV device to a wall within the
room, the space or the defined environment. Some embodiments of the
method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment
comprise the step of attaching a UV device to a ceiling of the
room, space or defined environment. Some embodiments of the method
for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environment comprise
the step of attaching a UV device to an object or structure present
in the room, the space or the defined environment. Objects or
structures to which a UV device can be attached include, but are
not limited to, a conveyer belt, a hood, a cabinet, a display case,
etc. A UV device can also be superimposed over or attached to a
preexisting light fixture.
Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a
defined environment comprise the step of moving a UV light source
from a closed position to an exposed position.
Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a
defined environment comprise the step of activating the UV light
source.
In some embodiments of a UV device being used for the sanitization
of a room, a space or a defined environment, a portable UV device
may be used. In some embodiments, an RFID tag is mounted to a
doorway of a room, a space or a defined environment intended to be
sanitized. In some embodiments, an RFID tag reader is mounted to
the UV device, such that when the UV device is brought into the
room, the space or the defined environment, the tag is read.
Information on the tag includes, but is not limited to, dimension
and type of the room, the space or the defined environment, and a
desired log reduction. This information is uploaded into the UV
device and a sanitization cycle is preprogrammed.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate some
embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a
defined environment comprise steps described herein for the
sanitization (UV sterilization) of a container or surface of a
container. Those steps are described in detail herein and one of
ordinary skill in the art can easily adapt those steps for the use
in the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined
environment.
In some embodiments, a room, a space or a defined environment is
exposed to UV radiation. It is to be understood that the invention
can be applied to any defined environment. For example, an
environment may be defined by solid surfaces or barriers, such as a
wall or product packaging.
A room, a space or a defined environment accepts a UV light source
for the purpose of sterilization of a wall, a ceiling or a floor,
including any and all objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces
contained within the room, the space or defined environment. In
some embodiments, the objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces
within the room, the space or the defined environment are contained
within the room, the space or the defined environment temporarily.
In other embodiments, they are contained within the room, the
space, the defined environment permanently.
The present invention provides for the sanitization of a variety of
rooms, spaces or defined environments. Rooms, spaces or defined
environments include, but are not limited to a commercial kitchen,
an operating room, a clean room (ISO 1-ISO 9), a food production
area, a nursery home. An exemplary application of a UV device
described herein would be for sanitizing a sensitive area of a
medical facility, such as an acute care area or an operating room.
Other areas in a medical facility that can be sanitized using a UV
device described herein include a waiting room, a bathroom, and a
medical equipment storage cabinet.
A UV device described herein may also be configured into a food
processing equipment so that food is treated as it moves through
the equipment, for example on a conveyor belt, automatic cutters
and slicers and inspection areas. The product may be tumbled to
promote uniform treatment. The UV device may also be configured to
be placed in containers, trailers, cars, trucks, rail cars,
airplanes or as a component to a refrigeration system of such
containers, trailers, cars, trucks, rail cars and airplanes to
sanitize the air therein while providing the beneficial
preservative effects of ozone to any products stored therein.
Other exemplary applications of a UV device described herein
include the provision or incorporation of the UV device into
grocery store display cases, such as deli counters and meat, fish
and poultry display cases and floral display cases, both
refrigerated and non-refrigerated.
Still other examples of areas that can be sanitized with a UV
device described herein include parcels, packages, and envelopes,
also when moving on a conveyor belt. The parcels, packages, and
envelopes may be tumbled or turned to promote uniform
treatment.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or defined environment, one or more UV lamps are
attached to the ceiling of the room, the space or the defined
environment in a housing. One non-limiting embodiment of such UV
device is shown in FIG. 27. The housing may be referred to as a
box, UV light box or box-like housing. In some embodiments of the
UV device, the UV device comprises UV lamps arranged in one or more
UV lamp clusters, each comprising two, three, or more UV lamps. As
shown in FIG. 27, the UV lamp clusters can either be stationary or
retrievable. The UV device may also have combinations of stationary
and retrievable UV lamp clusters, For example, FIG. 27 shows a UV
device having one stationary UV lamp cluster and four retrievable
UV lamp clusters. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, a UV
device is a UV device mountable to the ceiling or wall of a room, a
space or a defined environment and comprises at least one
stationary UV lamp cluster and at least one retrievable UV lamp
cluster. In other embodiments, all UV lamp clusters are
retrievable. In still other embodiments, all UV lamp clusters are
stationary.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a UV device
mountable to a ceiling or wall may have different configurations
with respect to height, width and length dimensions as the one
shown in FIG. 27.
When the UV lamp clusters comprising the UV lamps 5 are in a
closed, locked or folded position, they may be folded completely
within a box-like housing 79 as shown in FIG. 27B. This can be
easily achieved by positioning UV lamp holders 82 at slightly
different height positions on the sides of the box-like housing 79
as shown in FIG. 27. A hinge or UV lamp module swing 81 serves to
move the UV lamp holder into a desired position, for example from a
closed, locked, or folded position into a position where the UV
lamps are exposed (FIG. 27). Optionally, the UV lamp clusters may
be covered temporarily with a removable lid, cover, or panel when
in the closed, locked or folded position. The interior surface of
box-like housing 79 may be covered with a reflective interior
surface so to enhance the sanitization process.
In some embodiments of a UV device mountable to a ceiling or wall
of a room, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamps or UV
lamp clusters are fully enclosed in a housing when not in use.
Prior to use of the UV lamps or UV lamp clusters for sanitization,
the UV lamps or UV lamp clusters are moved from an enclosed
position to an exposed position through one or more openings in the
housing. The opening of the housing may also be covered by a flap
door/hinge mechanism so that the UV lamps are not visible when the
UV device is not in use.
In some embodiments, the UV lamp clusters extend from the box-like
housing at varying angles.
A motor may be used to move the hinge or UV lamp module swing 81
and arrest them in a desired fixed angle position. Thus, the
position of the UV lamps is adjustable vertically and horizontally
in relation to the housing to optimize sanitization. Adjustments
may be made hydraulically, pneumatically, electronically,
mechanically, or by other equivalent means.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or defined environment, one or more UV lamps are
attached to the side of a room, a space or a defined environment in
a housing. The housing can be similar to the one shown in FIG. 27,
however, may have different configurations with respect to height,
width and length dimensions. When in use, the UV lamps may extend
from the housing at varying angles. When not in use, the UV lamps
may be retracted into a closed, locked, or folded position.
Positioning the UV lamps into a desired position can be done by
using a motor.
A UV device described herein may be configured for general room
sanitization, space sanitization or defined environment
sanitization applications wherein the UV device, or components
thereof, may be placed on a moving part, either permanently or
temporarily during the sanitization procedure. In some embodiments,
a moving part comprises a motorized unit. In some embodiments, a
moving part comprises a railing system to which a UV device is
movably attached, either temporarily or permanently. The railing
system then determines the movement of the UV device within the
room, the space or the defined environment. In some embodiments, a
railing system is attached to a ceiling of the room, the space or
the defined environment.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, the UV device comprises a
range finding device to determine the size of the room, the space
or the defined environment to be sanitized. The range-finder then
provides information to preprogram an effective sanitization
cycle.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, a multi bulb UV cluster
extends from the ceiling of a room, a space or a defined
environment with the UV lamps extending at varying angles to
optimize coverage and UV exposure of the room, the space or the
defined environment.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, a multi lamp UV cluster
extends from the ceiling of a room, a space or a defined
environment with individual UV light coming down independently at
varying angles.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamp cluster and
housing are permanently fixed to either a wall, a floor, or a
ceiling of the room, the space or the defined environment.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamp cluster is
attached via a fixture to the ceiling of the room, the space or the
defined environment. The fixture may be permanently attached and
the UV bulb cluster and housing may be removable.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, the dimensions of the room,
the space or the defined environment are preprogrammed into the UV
device allowing the timing of sanitization to be optimized and the
minimal necessary UV dose required for sanitation to be reached
while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log
reduction of microorganism or more, determined as described
herein.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, the UV device is linked to
a motion detector. This may be helpful to ensure people and/or
animals are absent from the room, the space or the defined
environment prior to the beginning of the sanitization cycle. It
will also be helpful for shutting off and deactivating the UV
sterilization process if a person enters a room, a space or a
defined environment while a UV sterilization process is in
process.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, multiple UV lamp clusters
are spread throughout the room, the space or the defined
environment. Based on the dimension and shape of the room, the
space or the defined environment, the positioning of the UV lamps
and angles are accounted for and this information is programmed
into an algorithm allowing the timing of sanitization to be
optimized and the minimal necessary UV dose required for sanitation
to be reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an
approximately 3 log reduction of microorganism or more, determined
as described herein. The positioning of the UV lamps and angles can
also be communicated via wireless technology. In some embodiments,
a rangefinder analyzes the shape and dimension of the room, the
space or the defined environment and inputs that information into
an algorithm allowing the timing of sanitization to be optimized
and the minimal necessary UV dose required for sanitation to be
reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3
log reduction of microorganisms or more, determined as described
herein.
In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of a
room, a space or a defined environment, the UV bulb is attached to
the bottom of a robot having wheels and follows programming
allowing it to both perform an effective moving pattern on the
floor covering desired areas. The robot may also have an object and
wall avoiding programming and technology. The robot may move at a
speed allowing an effective UV dose required for sanitization to be
reached while minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3
log reduction of microorganisms or more, determined as described
herein.
In some embodiments of a UV device, the UV bulb is attached to the
bottom of a robot crawler that uses suction allowing it to crawl
vertically on walls and horizontally on ceilings of a room, space
or environment. The robot crawler may follow programming allowing
it to perform an effective pattern on the wall and ceiling covering
desired areas. The robot crawler may move at a speed allowing an
effective UV dose required for sanitization to be reached while
minimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction
of microorganisms or more, determined as described herein.
It is also understood that for the methods described herein,
individual steps may be performed by more than one person or more
than one entity. Thus, not every step of a method described herein
must be performed by the same person or entity.
VI. Methods of Manufacturing
In another aspect of the present invention, methods of
manufacturing a UV device described herein, are provided. While the
following provides steps for manufacturing a UV device of the UVT-4
family of portable UV devices, one of ordinary skill in the art
will deduce from thereon steps for manufacturing other UV devices
described herein as well. As one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate, the steps provided below may be performed in any order,
unless clearly contradicted by content or explicitly stated. One of
ordinary skill in the art reviewing FIGS. 49-67 will readily
identify locations within the UV device to which individual parts
and components have been attached. One of ordinary skill in the art
reviewing FIGS. 49-67, however, will also appreciate that those
locations to which individual parts are shown being attached, are
non-limiting.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the steps of attaching at least one first germicidal UV
light source to a lower frame 146, attaching at least one second
germicidal UV light source to an upper frame, and attaching a first
hinge 145 to the lower frame 146 and to the upper frame thereby
connecting the lower frame 146 to the upper frame so that the upper
frame can move in a position ranging from about 0 to about 90
degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame 146. In
some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises
the step of attaching the first hinge 145 to the lower frame 146
and to the upper frame using fasteners 177 so that fasteners 177
movably connect the upper frame to the lower frame 146 wherein the
upper frame is capable of swinging into an angular position with
respect to the position of the lower frame 146.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a means for controlling or
facilitating movement of the upper frame into a position ranging
from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of
the lower frame. Suitable means for controlling or facilitating
movement of the upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to
about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame
and individual components thereof for attaching are described
herein.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of surrounding a first germicidal UV light
source with a UV light permissible housing 2. Suitable housings 2
are described herein.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of surrounding a second germicidal UV light
source with a UV light permissible housing 2. Suitable housings 2
are described herein.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching to the lower frame 146 a means for
attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to a
fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined
environment. Suitable means for attaching the portable UV device to
an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture
in or at a space or defined environment and individual components
thereof for attaching are described herein and shown in figures. In
some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises
the step of attaching a bracket tightening knob 149 to the means
for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container,
to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or defined
environment. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV
device comprises the step of attaching a first rope post 150 to the
means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a
container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space
or defined environment. In some embodiments, a method of
manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a second
rope post 151 to the means for attaching the portable UV device to
an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture
in or at a space or defined environment. In some embodiments, a
method of manufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching
a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a
container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space
or defined environment to the lower frame 146 via a second hinge
174.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a first upper frame end 147 to the
upper frame. Suitable non-limiting, examples of first upper frame
ends 147 are described herein and shown in figures.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a second upper frame end 152 to the
upper frame. Suitable non-limiting examples of second upper frame
ends 152 are described herein and shown in figures.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a first lower frame end 148 to the
lower frame 146. Suitable non-limiting examples of first lower
frame ends 148 are described herein and shown in figures.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a second lower frame end 153 to the
lower frame 146. Suitable non-limiting examples of second lower
frame ends 153 are described herein and shown in figures.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a UV sensor 154 to the upper
frame.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a UV sensor 154 to the lower frame
146.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a plurality of protective rods 155
between the first upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame
end 152.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a plurality of protective rods 155
between the first lower frame end 148 and the second lower frame
end 153.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a plurality of cross connectors 156
to the upper frame so that the plurality of protective rods 155
penetrates same.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching an upper frame fixture clip 157 to
the first lower frame end 148 so that the upper frame fixture clip
157 can engage with the first upper frame end 147 and prevents the
upper frame from moving.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of running a cable 158 through a cable guide 180
of the first hinge 145 so that a first end of the cable 158 can
engage with a first hook 178 of an extension spring 165 and so that
the second end of cable 158 is fixed in a cable anchoring point 182
within the first hinge 145.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a cross connector 164 to lower
frame 146
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a first side plate 162 to the cross
connector 164.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a second side plate 163 to the
cross connector 164.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a side plate spacer 161 between the
first side plate 162 and the second side plate 163.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a stop post 159 to the first side
plate 162 so that the stop post 159 prevents the upper frame of the
portable UV device to move beyond a perpendicular/vertical position
with respect to the lower frame 146 of the UV device.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a stop post 159 to the second side
plate 163 so that the stop post 159 prevents the upper frame of the
portable UV device to move beyond a perpendicular/vertical position
with respect to the lower frame 146 of the UV device.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a second anchoring post 168 for an
extension spring 165 to the lower frame 146.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a first hook 178 of an extension
spring 165 to the first end of cable 158 to form a first anchoring
post 167 for the extension spring 165.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a second hook 179 of an extension
spring 165 to second anchoring post 168 for the extension spring
165.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching a handle 91 to the second anchoring
post 168.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of coating the lower side of the lower frame 146
with a plastic or teflon.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of drilling an aperture into the first upper
frame end 147 so that it can serve as a rope anchoring point
170.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching UV lamp sockets 94 to a first
germicidal UV light source and attaching the UV lamp sockets
94/first germicidal UV light source to openings in the first upper
frame end 147 and in the second upper frame end 152 so that the
first germicidal UV light source is positioned in between the first
upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame end 152.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device
comprises the step of attaching UV lamp sockets 94 to a second
germicidal UV light source and attaching the UV lamp sockets
94/second germicidal UV light source to openings in the first lower
frame end 148 and in the second lower frame end 153 so that the
second germicidal UV light source is positioned in between the
first lower frame end 148 and the second lower frame end 153.
VII. Examples
The below examples are meant to illustrate specific embodiments of
the methods and compositions described herein and should not be
construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
Assessing Microbial Concentration
i. Inoculation of a Container
The following is an exemplary method for assessing microbial
concentration in a tank after UV disinfection according to a method
described herein and after using the standard sodium hydroxide and
citric acid procedure or hypochlorite and citric acid (Emmanuel et
al., 2004, Environmental International, 30(7):891-900).
Four tanks (wine fermentation vessels; stainless steel) are
provided. Two tanks have a 36'' radius and two tanks have a 60''
radius and a height of 120''. The tanks are pressure washed with
water and inoculated with spoilage yeast, cultured yeast, and
pathogenic microorganisms (see Table 8).
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Exemplary Inoculating Containers (Tanks)
With Microorganism Spoilage Yeast Cultured Yeast Pathogenic
Microorganisms Brettanomyces abstinens Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Salmonella spp Brettanomyces anomalus Saccharomyces bayanus
Clostridium botulinum Brettanomyces bruxellensis Staphylococcus
aureus Brettanomyces claussenii Campylobacter jejuni Brettanomyces
custersianus Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia
pseudotuberculosis Brettanomyces custersii Listeria monocytogenes
Brettanomyces intermedius Vibrio cholerae O1 Brettanomyces lambicus
Vibrio cholerae non-O1 Brettanomyces naardensis Vibrio
parahaemolyticus and other vibrios Vibrio vulnificus Clostridium
perfringens Bacillus cereus Aeromonas hydrophila and other spp
Plesiomonas shigelloides Shigella spp Miscellaneous enterics
Streptococcus Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic (ETEC) Escherichia
coli enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli O157:H7
enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli enteroinvasive (EIEC)
The tanks are inoculated on multiple surfaces, such as the corners,
the weld seams, the bottom and sides of the tanks After the
inoculation and before the UV or chemical disinfection, samples are
collected from several interior surfaces of the tanks (as described
below). Those samples will be referred to as control samples or no
treatment samples.
A UV light source, an American Air and Water UVC lamp 64'' in
length with an output of 190 microwatts/cm.sup.2 at 254 nm (Model
GML270) is inserted into a 36'' radius tank (see, FIGS. 1-3) and
activated for 1 minute and 26 seconds for each 64'' interval of the
tank. The UV-C lamp is moved down the 36'' radius tank until the
entire interior surface has been covered by the same intensity
(dose) of UV-C light. After each interval of 1 minute and 26
seconds the UV lamp will be lowered by 64''. In order to kill 100%
of Saccharomyces sp. Yeast, 17,600 microwatt/cm.sup.2 is needed
(The timing of 1 minute and 26 seconds was based on achieving
17,600 microwatt/cm.sup.2 at a distance of 36'').
A UV light source, an American Air and water UVC lamp 64'' in
length with an output of 190 microwatts/cm.sup.2 at 254 nm (Model
GML270) is inserted into a 60'' radius tank (see, FIGS. 1-3) and
activated for 3 minute and 41 seconds for each 64'' interval of the
tank. The UV-C lamp is moved down the 60'' radius tank until the
entire interior surface has been covered by the same intensity
(dose) of UV-C light. After each interval of 3 minute and 41
seconds the lamp will be lowered by 64'' In order to kill 100% of
Saccharomyces sp. Yeast, 17,600 microwatt/cm.sup.2 is needed (The
timing of 3 minute and 41 seconds was based on achieving 17,600
microwatt/cm.sup.2 at a distance of 60'').
The other 36'' and 60'' tanks, which have been comparably
inoculated, are cleaned using the standard sodium hydroxide and
citric acid solutions.
In a separate series of experiments, following inoculation, the
tanks are sterilized/disinfected at different time intervals
simulating alcoholic beverage production protocols (e.g., the time
between tanks being emptied and then refilled).
ii. Collecting Samples from an Interior Surface of a Container
After completing the UV disinfection or the chemical disinfection
as described above, the interior surfaces of the tanks are wiped
using, e.g., Fellowes Surface Cleaning Wipes (STRATUS Inc.,
Amarillo, Tex.), which are premoisten antistatic wipes. Prior to
the sampling, a sheet of original wipe cloth is cut to one forth
size (48 cm.sup.2) using sterilized scissors, placed into sterile
whirl pack bags, and placed under a UV lamp for disinfection.
Several areas of the tanks are wiped back and forth over the entire
surface area of approximately 10 cm.sup.2 using several vertical
strokes, then folded with the fresh side of the wipe exposed, and
several horizontal strokes were made over the same area with the
other side of the wipe. After the sampling, the wipes are placed in
10 mL of phosphate buffer saline plus 0.01% Tween-80 (PBST) in
50-mL tubes. Types of sampling areas are recorded after the
sampling.
iii. Microbial Assays
Collected wipe samples are assayed with culture methods to measure
viable microorganisms. Selective agars, i.e. Tryptic(ase) Soy Agar
(TSA) for mesophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes,
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) for Staphylococcus, CHROMagar for
methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Malt Extract
Agar (MEA) for total fungi are used.
The log reduction of each inoculated microorganism species is
recorded. Experiments are repeated to obtain statistically
significant results.
iv. Pulsed UV Light
In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in
i. to iii. of above, are repeated using a pulsed UV light. Xenon,
SteriPulse-XL and Model RS-3000M will be used. As shown in FIG. 10,
11, or 16 one pulsed UV lamp will be mounted on laterally
adjustable arms or mounts that allow the pulsed UV lamp to be
brought within the optimal distance of 1.25'' of the surface to be
sterilized. The pulsed UV lamp uses an elliptical window and has a
footprint of 16''.times.1''. The pulsed UV lamp will be rotated at
speed such that the footprint is exposed for a duration of 1 second
on the surface being sterilized. For the tank with a 36'' radius
that means that the rate of rotation will be 0.277 rpm. After a
16'' interval of the tank has been exposed to the pulsed UV, the
device will be lowered by 16'' and the rotation will be repeated.
This will be repeated in 16'' interval until the entire surface of
the vessel has been exposed.
v. Closed Top Container
In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in
i. to iv. of above, are repeated using a closed top fermentation
vessel. Essentially, the only difference will be that instead of
supporting the UV device by a bracket from the top of the
fermentation vessel, the UV device will be mounted on a tripod and
inserted through a hatch at the base of the fermentation
vessel.
vi. Pressure Washing at Various Times
In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in
i. to v. of above, are repeated by performing the pressure washing
after various times following the inoculation. In this series of
experiments it is also determined what, if any, effect the presence
of water droplets will have on the log reduction. This is done by
employing the UV device at various times following the pressure
washing.
The first set of experiments involves inoculating the tanks and
pressure washing them at different time intervals following
inoculation, such as 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 144 hours.
The pressure washing is then immediately followed by a UV
sterilization cycle. This is done to determine whether the time
bacteria and yeast are allowed to grow prior to pressure washing
affects the final duration of the sterilization cycle.
Another set of experiments will not vary the time between
inoculation and pressure washing, but rather the time between
pressure washing and UV sterilization. The objective will be to
determine the effects of varying amounts of water on the inner
surface of the tank and its effect on the duration of the
sterilization cycle and log reduction. In this set of experiments,
the UV sterilization cycle can be applied at 0 minutes following
the pressure washing, 15 minutes following the pressure washing and
in continually increasing 15 minute intervals following the
pressure washing until the tank is completely dry.
vii. Dry Interior Surface
In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in
i. to vi. of above, are repeated by including the step of allowing
the interior surface of the tanks to dry after performing the
pressure washing.
Example 2
Calculating Killing of Microorganisms
The following provides the steps to calculate the time needed to
kill a desired microorganism using compositions and methods of the
present invention. The required Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV
Dose) in .mu.Ws/cm.sup.2 needed for kill factor is provided herein
in Tables 1-5. To determine the intensity of UV on a surface at
various distances from a germicidal UV lamp one divides the radiant
energy (shown in microwatts per square centimeter at one meter) by
the intensity factor as shown in the Table 9 below.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Intensity Factor (American Ultraviolet
Company, Lebanon, IN 46052, USA Distance from UV Lamp 2'' 3'' 4''
6'' 8'' 10'' 12'' 14'' 18'' 24'' Intensity Factor 32.3 22.8 18.6
12.9 9.85 7.94 6.48 5.35 3.6 2.33 Distance from UV Lamp 39.37''
36'' (1 meter) 48'' 60'' 80'' 100'' 120'' Intensity Factor 1.22 1.0
0.681 0.452 0256 0.169 0.115
Using a UV lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm.sup.2 at 254 nm
(at a distance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel
36'' from the interior surface, the following calculations are used
for achieving 99% killing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (13,200
microwatt seconds/cm.sup.2 required; see Table 5). Step 1: 13,200
microwatt seconds/cm.sup.2/190 microwatts/cm.sup.2=69.47 seconds.
Step 2: The intensity factor at 36'' is 1.22 (see Table 9),
therefore 69.47 seconds/1.22=56.96 seconds.
Using a lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm.sup.2 at 254 nm
(at a distance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel
60'' from the interior surface, the following calculations are used
for achieving 99% killing of Shigella dysentery (4,200 microwatt
seconds/cm.sup.2 required; see Table 2): Step 1. 4,200 microwatt
seconds/cm.sup.2/190 microwatts/cm.sup.2=22.10 seconds. Step 2: The
intensity factor at 60'' is 0.452 (see Table 9), therefore 22.10
seconds/0.452=48.90 seconds.
Using a lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm.sup.2 at 254 nm
(at a distance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel
60'' from the interior surface, the following calculations are used
for achieving 99% killing of Sarcina lutea (26,400 microwatt
seconds/cm.sup.2 required; see Table 2): Step 1. 26,400 microwatt
seconds/cm.sup.2/190 microwatts/cm.sup.2=138.94 seconds. Step 2:
The intensity factor at 60'' is 0.452 (see Table 9), therefore
138.94 seconds/0.452=307.40 seconds.
Since Sarcina lutea is one of the most UV resistant bacteria (more
resistant than known species of yeast), a fermentation vessel where
the UV source was 60'' away from the internal surface could be left
on for about 307.40 seconds at each sterilization interval within
the vessel to ensure all yeast (known) and pathogenic
microorganisms are killed.
Example 3
Inhibiting the Growth of Bacillus Subtilis
To determine the effectiveness of a method of the present invention
and efficacy of a UV device of the present invention for the
sanitization of a stainless steel tank used in the wine making
process, the killing/growth arrest of Bacillus subtilis (American
Type Culture Collection, ATCC Number 82TM; designations: AMC [ATCC
8037, NRS 315]) was investigated. Bacillus subtilus forms spores,
thereby making it a more UV resistant microorganism than
microorganisms that do not form spores. In this experiment 30'' SE
UV-C lamps (Steril-Aire) were used. Three identical UV lamps were
placed in a mount and put in a spiral configuration with each UV
lamp set at a 15 degrees angle.
Two coupons (per time point) were spiked with a Bacillus subtilus
suspension to give a final concentration of 9.6.times.10.sup.6 CFU
(colony forming units)/coupon for the first three time points. The
fourth (25 minute) time point was inoculated with a suspension of
1.3.times.10.sup.7 CFU/coupon (since it was tested on a different
day) and allowed to air dry inside a biological safety cabinet. The
coupons were allowed to dry and attached to the inside of stainless
steel tank. Then the coupons were exposed to the UV light at a
distance of 60'' from the UV light source for four all four (4)
time points: 30 seconds, 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 25 minutes.
After each exposure time was performed, the coupons were swabbed in
order to perform the recovery process. Two additional stainless
steel coupons were spiked to be used as positive controls.
UV readings to measure the UV-C exposure at various time points
were done using a General UV512C Digital UV-C Meter (radiometer).
Table 10 below provides the actual UV readings recorded for each
exposure time:
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 UV Readings per Time Point and Interval. 30
Seconds 5 Minutes 15 Minutes 25 Minutes Time Point Time Point Time
Point Time Point Seconds uW Minutes uW Minutes uW Minutes uW 5 42
0.5 135 1 243 3 200 10 54 1 202 2 225 6 179 15 69 1.5 206 3 212 9
174 20 87 2 204 4 198 12 167 25 109 2.5 202 5 186 15 162 30 135 3
198 6 177 18 159 3.5 195 7 176 21 162 4 192 8 181 24 169 4.5 190 9
175 5 184 10 172 11 171 12 171 13 171 14 170 15 168
The recovery of Bacillus subtilis from the coupons after 30 seconds
exposure to the UV light was 5.3.times.10.sup.5 CFU/ml. After 5
minutes exposure to the UV light, the recovery of Bacillus subtilis
was reduced to 1.4.times.10.sup.3 CFU/ml. After 15 minutes exposure
to the UV light, the recovery of Bacillus subtilis was further
reduced to 1.5.times.10.sup.1 CFU/ml. Finally, after 25 minutes
exposure to the UV light, no microorganisms were recovered. The
recovery positive control had a count of 6.4.times.10.sup.5 CFU/ml
for the first three time points and 8.1.times.10.sup.5 CFU/ml for
the fourth time point.
Table 11 below summarizes the results of the above experiment and
provides the log reduction results based on calculations from
Bacillus subtilis recovery from test coupon vs. positive
control.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Inhibiting the growth of Bacillus subtilis.
Concentration Bacillus subtilis Exposure Time Recovered (CFU/ml)
Log Reduction 30 seconds 5.3 .times. 10.sup.5 0.1 5 minutes 1.4
.times. 10.sup.3 2.7 15 minutes 1.5 .times. 10.sup.1 4.6 25 minutes
0 5.9
The results of this experiment demonstrated that the UV light
source tested was effective in reducing the Bacillus subtilis
microorganism population by about 3 logs at an exposure time of 5
minutes, by about 5 logs at an exposure time of 15 minutes and by
about 6 logs at exposure time of 25 minutes.
One of skill in the art will appreciate that in view of the
experiments described above, a lower UV dose will be required to
kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms that do not
produce spores. Thus, by having demonstrated that one of the most
UV-resistant microorganisms can be efficiently killed or growth
inhibited using a method of the present invention, one of skill in
the art will appreciate that the methods of the present invention
in combination with the UV devices of the present invention are
useful to kill or growth inhibit other microorganism that might be
present in a fermentation container, more specifically on a surface
of a fermentation container
Example 4
Sanitization of a Room
The following provides an exemplary procedure for UV sterilization
of a room, in particular, an operating room, a clean room (ISO
1-9), a nursing home, or a kitchen (commercial or residential). The
UV device for sanitizing the room will be fixed to the ceiling of,
for example, a 20 ft by 20 ft room. The UV device is allowed to
determine the dimensions of the room and program a sanitization
cycle. The room has all of the standard equipment and features of
an operating room (OR), a clean room (ISO 1-9), a nursing home, or
a kitchen (commercial or residential). Radiometers and plates pre
inoculated with pathogenic microorganisms (such as but not limited
to: Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, and foodborne bacteria such as
Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella) are placed throughout the
room at varying distances from the UV device to determine the UV-C
intensity level attained in addition to the log reduction of
microorganisms. Furthermore, swab tests are taken at those
locations in addition to swabbing objects of different material
composition, such as polymers, metals, papers, and fabrics. This is
to determine log reductions on objects of different material. Areas
of potential shading are also tested in a similar fashion in order
to determine the effects of reflected light on log reductions and
UV-C intensity.
These experiments are repeated in each room type, however with
multiple UV devices in the room. One UV device is fixed to the
ceiling, one to each wall. The UV devices are allowed to scan the
respective room and communicate with one another, and program a
sanitization cycle.
In some embodiments the UV device will communicate with a surface
reading radar unit that will enable it to detect relative distances
of objects in the room, material type and will program a
sanitization cycle based on the nature of the material and the
positioning of the objects and room size.
Example 5
Using UV Device UV55
The UV device UV55 has been extensively tested on 55 gallon wine
drums having a 2'' Tri-Clover.TM. fitting located on the side (see
below, Examples 6, 7). The UV device UV55 is particularly well
suited for use on any small container from about 15 gallon kegs to
about 550 gallon Porta tanks. In addition, it has also been tested
on oak barrels (see Examples 6). The UV device UV55 comprises an
18'' SE lamp manufactured by Steril-Aire. As tests demonstrated, at
least a 5 log reduction of microorganism growth was observed when
the UV device UV55 was tested in a 55 gallon drum after 3 minutes
of activation (i.e., exposure of UV radiation onto the interior
surface of the container, which was spiked with microorganisms).
Using UV device UV55 the following applications have been proven
successful: 3 minutes of exposure for 15 gallon kegs, 6 minutes for
a 55 gallon drum, 12 minutes for a Porta tank or oak barrel. Among
others, testing was performed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram
negative bacterium similar to many of the herein mentioned microbes
potentially harmful to wine production.
The following provides a more detailed user guide for using UV
device UV55. UV device UV55 is plugged in. The user will want to
make sure that the central sleeve tightening knob 86 on the side of
the metal sleeve attachment ring 95 is loosened prior to use so
that the central sleeve 12 can slide downwardly and upwardly
easily. For storage and protection of the UV lamp 5, the central
sleeve 12 is pulled into its most upward position so that the UV
lamp fully retracts beyond the position of the base plate 10. The
on/off or reset button 85 at the handle cap 92 is set to an
on/reset position. To turn off the UV device UV55, the on/off or
reset button 85 is pressed downwards. To turn on the UV device
UV55, the on/off or reset button 85 is twisted clockwise.
The user places UV device UV55 on top of a container 4 so that the
housing 2 is positioned on top of an opening within the container
4. The opening on top of the container is at least wide enough to
allow the insertion of the UV lamp 5. If the opening of the
container is wider than the base plate 10 of the UV device, the
user is advised to use an additional protective shield and cover
the opening of the container (but leave an opening wide enough to
allow insertion of the UV lamp 5) to not get exposed to UV
irradiation during the sterilization process. The protective shield
may have any shape or form or size--as long as it provides an
opening through which a UV lamp 5 can be inserted and prevents
exposure to UV irradiation.
Once the housing 2 is positioned on top of the opening of the
container 4 and the central sleeve knob 86 is loosened, a user can
lower the UV lamp 5 into the container by allowing the central
sleeve 12 to move downwardly. A user may conveniently control this
downward movement by holding on to the handle 91 or hanging hook
84. As the central sleeve is lowered, the optical switch 98 is
activated. In addition, an audible beep will sound to indicate that
a sterilization cycle has started and LED lights behind the
translucent plastic ring 87 will blink. Minutes of the
sterilization cycle will be indicated by a specific number of
blinks. Minute one is indicated by one blink, minute two is
indicated by two blinks, minute tree is indicated by three blinks,
etc.
Using UV device UV55 a standard keg can be sterilized in about
three minutes. Using UV device UV55 a standard drum can be
sterilized in about six minutes. At 12 minutes of use, an audible
beep will sound alerting the user to the amount of time which has
elapsed. The UV lamp 5 will remain on until switched off (see
above).
UV device UV55 will be automatically reset as the user moves the
central sleeve 12 upwardly and the optical switch 98 moves upwardly
out of the housing 2. The sterilization cycle of another container
may be done.
Example 6
UV Sanitation Of a Wooden Barrel Using UV Device UV55
A study was performed to determine the efficacy of UV device UV55
for the sanitization of wood barrel tanks used in the wine making
process. The study was performed by inoculating the interior
surface of wood barrel coupons (in triplicate) with a suspension of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The coupons were then exposed to UV light
according to Table 12.
Details of this study were as follows: Three coupons (per time
point) were spiked with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension to
give a final concentration of 1.9.times.10.sup.7 CFU/coupon. The
coupons were placed at three different locations within the tank
and exposed to the UV light (UV55) for five (5) time points: 2
minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 minutes, and 12 minutes. After
each exposure time was performed, the coupons were immersed into 10
ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform the enumeration/recovery process.
Three additional stainless steel coupons were spiked as above and
used as positive controls (no exposure to UV light).
The result of this study is shown in Table 12.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Growth inhibition (log reduction) of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa after exposure to UV light (UV device UV55).
Concentration of Pseudomonas Exposure Time aeruginosa recovered
(minutes) (CFU/coupon) Log Reduction 2 1.3 .times. 10.sup.5 2.2 4
1.5 .times. 10.sup.5 2.1 6 1.1 .times. 10.sup.5 2.2 8 9.1 .times.
10.sup.4 2.3 12 1.4 .times. 10.sup.3 4.1
Based on this test, it can be concluded that the UV light source
tested was effective in reducing the Pseudomonas aeruginosa
population by about 4.1 logs at an exposure time of 12 minutes.
Example 7
A Comparative Study: UV Sanitation Using UV55 vs. Chemical
Cleaning
A study was performed to determine the efficacy of UV device UV55
for the sanitization of stainless steel tanks used in the wine
making process versus a solution of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
at a concentration of 1.56 g/L. The study was performed by
inoculating the interior surface of stainless steel coupons (in
triplicate) with a suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The
coupons were then exposed to either UV light or to the chemical
solution according to Table 13.
Details of UV Sanitation were as follows: Three coupons (per time
point) were spiked with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension to
give a final concentration of 1.5.times.10.sup.8 CFU/coupon. The
coupons were placed at three different locations within the tank
and exposed to the UV light (UV55) for four (4) time points: 2
minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, and 8 minutes. After each exposure
time was performed, the coupons were immersed into 100 ml Tryptic
Soy Broth to perform the enumeration/recovery process. Three
additional stainless steel coupons were spiked as above and used as
positive controls (no exposure to UV light).
Details of Carbonate Solution Cleaning were as follows: Three
coupons were spiked with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension to
give a final concentration of 1.5.times.10.sup.8 CFU/coupon. The
coupons were then immersed into 100 ml of sodium carbonate
peroxyhydrate solution at a concentration of 1.56 g/L and then into
100 ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform the enumeration/recovery
process. The same positive control and suspension was used for both
studies.
The result of this study is shown in Table 13.
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Growth inhibition (log reduction) of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa after exposure to UV light (UV device UV55)
and Treatment with sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate solution.
Concentration of Pseudomonas UV55 Exposure Time aeruginosa
recovered (minutes) (CFU/coupon) Log Reduction 2 1.8 .times.
10.sup.3 4.9 4 1.2 .times. 10.sup.3 5.1 6 8.3 .times. 10.sup.2 5.3
8 <1 .times. 10.sup.3 .gtoreq.5.2 Sodium Carbonate 3 .times.
10.sup.6 1.7 Solution
Based on this test, it can be concluded that the UV light source
tested was effective in reducing growth of the Pseudomonas
aeruginosa population by >5.2 logs at an exposure time of 8
minutes. The sodium carbonate solution used as a rinse was
effective in reducing growth of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa
population by about 1.7 log.
Example 8
Vertical Versus Horizontal Irradiation of a Tank
A study was performed to determine whether a container could be
more efficiently UV sterilized when a UV light source is inserted
into the container and positioned either in a parallel (i.e.,
horizontal) position with respect to the bottom or top of the
container or in a perpendicular (i.e., vertical) position with
respect to the bottom and top of a the container. The container
used in this study was a tank of 450 cm in diameter. A total UV
lamp output of 300 W was employed in the testing. The 300 W output
could either be a single UV lamp or a cluster of lamps. No
assumptions on light blocking by mounts, cables or shields were
made.
The calculations were made for various lamp distances from the
floor (or top) of the container of 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm and 200
cm. While the overall distribution of irradiance was highly
dependent on the orientation of the UV lamps (i.e., horizontal vs.
vertical; data not shown), the irradiance at the corners of the
container (the more difficult area to UV sterilize) was not
affected by the orientation of the UV lamps (data not shown). Under
the testing parameters, it was found that the limiting irradiance
for almost all configurations is around 200 uW/cm.sup.2. Assuming a
required dose of 100,000 uJ/cm.sup.2, the required illumination
time for achieving a 4 log reduction of bacterial growth is about
500 sec.
Example 9
Irradiation Study of a Tank
A ray tracing analysis was performed using ZEMAX.RTM. software in
order to determine irradiance times and distribution within a
cylindrical tank having a diameter of 38.8 ft and 40 ft in height.
The UV lamps were arranged in a cluster configuration at an angle
of 15 degrees with the vertical axis. The UV lamps were 1500 mm in
length and 32 mm in diameter. UV-C output per bulb was 134 W. The
study assumed zero reflectivity within the tank offering a worst
case scenario. The optical study software (ZEMAX.RTM.) placed 4
detector plates in the orientations of North, South, East and West.
1,000,000 analysis rays were used to determine UV light
distribution. The base of the UV lamps were positioned 6'' off the
lower surface of the tank and at a fixed distance of 10' from the
lower port regardless of tank size. The time necessary for all
surfaces to reach a minimum irradiance level of 100,000 uJ/cm.sup.2
was determined to be approximately 166 min (data not shown). This
same bulb configuration was applied to tanks of lesser dimensions
and volumes and times determined to reach the aforementioned
minimum level of radiance. Respective irradiation times were
determined for tanks of 202,000 gallons, 120,000 gallons, 100,000
gallons and 23,000 gallons. These times were 59 minutes, 47
minutes, 30 minutes and 18.5 minutes, respectively (data not
shown).
Example 10
Comparative Efficacy Trial of Sanitization Using UVC (UVT-4 Model)
Versus Steam and Peratic Acid on Reduction of Microbial Populations
on Stainless Steel Tanks
A comparative efficacy trial on three different tank sanitation
methods was conducted at a winery in St. Helena, Calif. The
objective of this comparative trial was to evaluate the sanitation
efficacies of various sanitizers (Steam, Peracetic Acid (PAA), and
Ultraviolet Light C (UVC)) on the reduction of wine and
environmental microbe populations on interior surfaces of stainless
steel production tanks. The trial was conducted on four different
tanks Briefly, the methodology of the trial was as follows: (i)
tanks were emptied of wine; (ii) pre-treatment microbiological swab
samples were collected from the ceiling, wall, and floor of each
tank; (iii) tanks underwent appropriate sanitation protocol; (iv)
post-treatment microbiological swab samples were collected from
ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (v) microbiological swab
samples were processed at a microbiology laboratory; and (vi) the
survivability, percent Colony Forming Units (CFU) reduction, and
Log.sub.10 reduction of microbe populations after treatment with
the various sanitizers was determined and compared.
The objective and scope of this trial were as follows: (1).
Equipment: Four stainless steel tanks; (2). Surface type: 316 grade
stainless steel; (3). Cleaning methods: (a) water rinse, (b)
caustic cleaner; (4). Sanitizing methods: (a) steam; (b) PAA; (c)
UVC at 253.7 nm (5). Efficacy testing method: Surface-based swab
recovery method to detect microbial populations (6). Test locations
on interior of stainless steel tanks: (a) floor; (b) wall; (c)
interior ceiling (7). Types of microbes monitored for on interior
surfaces of tanks: (a) wine and environmental yeast; (b) wine and
environmental bacteria; (c) molds
The methodology of the trial was as follows: (A). A total of four
tanks were used for the trial. (B). All four tanks were emptied of
wine prior to start of trial. (C). Pre-treatment surface swab
samples were collected from the floor, wall, and interior ceiling
of each tank: (1). A 4 inch.times.4 inch square area (swab both
horizontally and vertically in area) was swabbed at each location.
(2). Samples collected at this stage were used to determine the
starting levels of microbes, which were then used to determine the
percent CFU reduction and Log.sub.10 reduction in microbial load
after each sanitizer treatment. (3). The total number of samples
collected at starting point was: 4 tanks.times.3 sample points=12
samples. (D). The tanks were exposed to the following sanitation
treatment methods. (1). Tank 1 was rinsed with water and treated
with steam. (2). Tank 2 was cleaned with caustic, rinsed with
water, treated with PAA, and rinsed with water. (3) Tank G13 was
rinsed with water and treated with UVC for 10 minutes (using Model
UVT-4). (4). Tank G12 was cleaned with caustic, rinsed with water,
treated with PAA, and rinsed with water. (E). After application of
sanitizer, post-treatment surface samples were collected from
floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank. Samples were
collected at different locations on tanks than locations used prior
to treatments. The total number samples collected post sanitizer
was: 4 tanks.times.3 sample points=12 samples. (F). Samples were
transported back to a microbiological laboratory and processed as
follows: (1). All 24 samples and a saline blank were filter plated
using Wallerstein Nutrient Media. (2). Plates were incubated at
29.degree. C. for 4 to 7 days depending on rate of microbial
growth. (3). After 4 to 7 days, surviving microorganisms were
counted. (G). The efficacy of sanitizing methods on interior
surfaces of stainless steel tanks was determined by measuring the
survivability, percent CFU reduction, Log.sub.10 reduction of
microbe populations after treatment with sanitizers.
The data set of this trial and results are shown in FIGS. 69A-D.
The results in FIGS. 69B-D show that all three sanitizing methods
significantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and
floor of tanks. When steam was used as the sanitizer, the percent
CFU reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor
was 81%, 94%, and 90%, respectively. The Log.sub.10 reduction of
microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 0.7, 1.2, and
1.0, respectively. When PAA was used as the sanitizer, the percent
CFU reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor
was 77%, 91%, and 99.5%, respectively, for trial #1. For trial #2,
the percent CFU reduction on ceiling, wall, and floor was 85%, 90%,
and 99%, respectively. The Log.sub.10 reduction of microbial loads
on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 0.6, 1.0, and 2.3,
respectively, for trial #1. For trial #2, the Log.sub.10 reduction
on ceiling, wall, and floor was 0.8, 1.0, and 2.0, respectively.
When UVC (UVT-4 Model) was used as the sanitizer, the percent CFU
reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was
93%, 97%, and 99.8%, respectively. The Log.sub.10 reduction of
microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 1.2, 1.6, and
2.8, respectively.
When comparing the results between the three sanitizer treatment
methods, UVC (UVT-4 Model) was the most effective sanitizer at
reducing microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks.
This was the case when looking at the data for both percent CFU
reduction and Log.sub.10 reduction of microbial loads. In FIGS. 69C
and 69D, a significant difference in reduction of microbe
populations by UVC (UVT-4 Model) compared to the other sanitizing
methods is indicated in grey shades. A comparison between steam and
PAA showed the following with respect to reducing microbial loads:
steam and PAA were approximately equivalent on the ceiling of
tanks, steam was slightly more effective on the wall of tanks, and
PAA was significantly more effective on the floor of tanks.
After comparing the data collected from the trial, UVC (UVT-4
Model) was determined to be the most effective of the three
sanitizers at reducing microbial loads on all three surfaces
sampled on interior of stainless steel tanks (ceiling, wall, and
floor). Steam was significantly less effective than UVC and PAA at
reducing microbial loads on the floor of tank.
The results from this trial demonstrate that UVC is a superior
sanitizer for interior of winery stainless steel tanks compared to
steam and chemical sanitizers currently used in the wine
industry.
Example 11
Comparative Efficacy Trial of Sanitization Using UVC (UVT-4 Model)
Versus Chlorine Dioxide on Reduction of Microbial Populations On
Stainless Steel Tanks
A comparative efficacy trial on two different tank sanitation
methods (chlorine dioxide, ClO.sub.2 (ozone) and UVC (UVT-4 Model))
was conducted at a winery in Sonoma, Calif. The objective of this
comparative trial was to evaluate the sanitation efficacies of two
different sanitizers on the reduction of wine and environmental
microbe populations on interior surfaces of stainless steel
production tanks.
The trial was conducted on four different tanks with two of the
tanks receiving treatment with UVC (UVT-4 Model) and two tanks
receiving treatment with ozone (chlorine dioxide). Briefly, the
methodology of the trial was as follows: (i) tanks were emptied of
wine; (ii) pre-treatment microbiological swab samples were
collected from the ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (iii)
tanks underwent appropriate sanitation protocol; (iv)
post-treatment microbiological swab samples were collected from
ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (v) microbiological swab
samples were processed at a microbiology laboratory (BevTrac Mobile
Quality Systems LLC (BevTrac)); and the survivability, percent
Colony Forming Units (CFU) reduction, and Log.sub.10 reduction of
microbe populations after treatment with sanitizers was determined
and compared.
The objective and scope of this trial were as follows: (1).
Equipment: Ten stainless steel tanks; (2). Tank Size: approximately
6,000 gallons (3). Surface type: 316 grade stainless steel; (4).
Cleaning methods: 270 Extra; (5). Sanitizing methods: (a) UVC at
253.7 nm; (b) chlorine dioxide [Chlorine dioxide kills
microorganisms by attacking amino acids within the cell.
Specifically, chlorine dioxide breaks chemical bonds of amino acids
(disulfide bridges and aromatic ring structures), which destroys
proteins within the cell]; (6) Positive Control: tank not exposed
to cleaner or sanitizer; (7) Negative Control: tank not exposed to
Saccharomyces inoculum and not cleaned or sanitized after study was
initiated; (8). Efficacy testing method: Surface-based swab
recovery method to detect microbial populations; (9). Test
locations on interior of stainless steel tanks: (a) floor; (b)
wall; (c) interior ceiling; (10). Types of microbes monitored for
on interior surfaces of tanks: (a) wine and environmental yeast;
(b) wine and environmental bacteria; (c) molds.
The methodology of the trial was as follows: (A). A total of ten
tanks were used for the trial. (B). The tanks were cleaned and
sanitized using winery standard operating procedure for tanks (C).
The interior surface of all tanks, except Negative Control tank,
were contaminated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a tank washer
to spray inoculum. (D). Pre-treatment surface swab samples were
collected from the floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank
after application of inoculum as follows: (1). A 4 inch.times.4
inch square area (swab both horizontally and vertically in area)
was swabbed at each location. (2). Samples collected at this stage
were used to determine the starting levels of microbes, which were
then be used to determine the Log.sub.10 reduction in microbial
load after each sanitizer treatment. (3). The total number of
samples collected at starting point was: 10 tanks.times.3 sample
points=30 samples. (E). The tanks were exposed to the following
treatment methods. Tanks were exposed to chlorine dioxide for 10
minutes and exposed to UVC for 12 minutes. (1). Negative Control
(Tank 61)--tank not exposed to Saccharomyces inoculum and not
cleaned or sanitized. (2). Positive Control (Tank 62)--tank
contaminated with Saccharomyces, but not treated with cleaner or
sanitizer. (3). Short wide tank (Tank 63) treated with cleaner (270
Extra) and chlorine dioxide. (4). Short wide tank (Tank 64) treated
with cleaner (270 Extra) and UVC. (5). Tall thin tank (Tank 67)
treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and chlorine dioxide. (6). Tall
thin tank (Tank 68) treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and UVC. (7).
Short wide tank (Tank 65) treated with chlorine dioxide. (8). Short
wide tank (Tank 66) treated with UVC. (9). Tall thin tank (Tank 69)
treated with chlorine dioxide. (10). Tall thin tank (Tank 57)
treated with UVC. (F). After application of sanitizer,
post-treatment surface samples were collected from floor, wall, and
interior ceiling of each tank. Samples were collected at different
locations on tanks than locations used prior to treatments. The
total number samples collected post sanitizer was: 10 tanks.times.3
sample points=30 samples. (G). Samples were transported back to
BevTrac laboratory and processed as follows: (1). Because the
Pre-Treatment samples were expected to have a high population of
yeast, these 30 samples were serial diluted in saline solution
using test tubes. (2). All 60 samples and a saline blank were
filter plated using Wallerstein Nutrient Media. (3). Plates were
incubated at 29.degree. C. for 4 to 7 days depending on rate of
microbial growth. (4). After 4 to 7 days, surviving microorganisms
were counted. (H). The efficacy of sanitizing methods on interior
surfaces of stainless steel tanks was determined by measuring the
survivability and Log.sub.10 reduction of microbe populations after
treatment with sanitizers.
The data for this trial are shown in FIGS. 70A-I. The Negative
Control tank (not exposed to yeast inoculum and not cleaned or
sanitized after start of study) showed very low levels of microbial
contamination both at the pre-treatment and the post-treatment
sample collection times (FIG. 70A). This demonstrates that the
tanks were effectively sanitized prior to the study and that tanks
very likely did not accumulate environmental microbe contamination
during the course of the study. The Positive Control tank
(inoculated with yeast and not treated with cleaner or sanitizer)
displayed high levels of microbial contamination both at the
pre-treatment and the post-treatment sample collection times (FIG.
70A). These results show that the interior of the tanks were
effectively inoculated with yeast and that the yeast populations
did not significantly decrease during the course of the study.
FIG. 70B schematically depicts the effect of cleaning two short
wide tanks (tanks 63 and 64) with 270 Extra and then sanitizing
with either chlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the
survivability of microbial populations on ceiling, wall, and floor
of each tank. Microbe survival is represented as Log.sub.10 CFU.
For reference, the microbe survival results for the Negative
Control tank and Positive Control tank are shown in FIG. 70B. The
results in FIGS. 70B and 70C show that both sanitizing methods in
combination with the cleaner significantly reduced microbial loads
on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks Both sanitizers helped to
produce a .gtoreq.3 Log.sub.10 reduction. The Log.sub.10 reduction
of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning
and chlorine dioxide sanitation were 3.6, 3.5 and 3.9,
respectively. The Log.sub.10 reduction of microbial loads on the
ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and UVC sanitation were
3.0, 5.0, and 4.6, respectively. Based on the results obtained in
this trial, the cleaner and chlorine dioxide was more effective at
reducing microbial load on ceiling of tank than the combination of
cleaner and UVC. However, surprisingly and unexpectedly application
of the cleaner and UVC produced a significantly higher reduction of
microbe load on the wall and floor compared to use of cleaner and
chlorine dioxide. In FIG. 70C, a significant difference in
reduction of microbe populations by cleaner/chlorine dioxide or
cleaner/UVC is indicated in grey shades.
FIG. 70D schematically depicts the effect of cleaning two tall thin
tanks (tanks 67 and 68) with 270 Extra and then sanitizing with
either chlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the survivability
of microbial populations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank.
Microbe survival is represented as Log.sub.10 CFU. For reference,
the microbe survival results for the Negative Control tank and
Positive Control tank are shown in FIG. 70D. The results in FIGS.
70D and 70E show that both sanitizing methods in combination with
the cleaner significantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling,
wall, and floor of tanks Both sanitizers helped to produce a
.gtoreq.2.1 Log.sub.10 reduction. The Log.sub.10 reduction of
microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and
chlorine dioxide sanitation were 3.3, 3.9, and 4.3, respectively.
The Log.sub.10 reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall,
and floor after cleaning and UVC sanitation were 2.1, 4.4 and 5.3,
respectively.
The results are very similar to the short wide tanks above where
the cleaner and chlorine dioxide were more effective at reducing
microbial load on ceiling of tank than the combination of cleaner
and UVC, and the cleaner and UVC produced a significantly higher
reduction of microbe load on the wall and floor compared to use of
cleaner and chlorine dioxide. In FIG. 70E, a significant difference
in reduction of microbe populations by cleaner/chlorine dioxide or
cleaner/UVC is indicated in grey shades.
The results for both the short wide tanks and the tall thin tanks
after application of cleaner and sanitizer show that the
cleaner/UVC combination has a higher efficacy on the walls and
floors of tanks, while the cleaner/chlorine dioxide combination has
a higher efficacy on the tank ceiling. At two tank sites sampled
(wall of tank 64 and floor of tank 68), UVC in combination with
cleaner completely eliminated all microbes. Chlorine dioxide did
not completely eliminate microbes at any site sampled.
The results suggest that UVC can kill microbes more effectively
than chlorine dioxide when surfaces are close to the ultraviolet
light (i.e. walls and floors). The efficacy of UVC on the ceiling
of tanks could possibly be improved by increasing UVC exposure time
or increasing intensity of ultraviolet lights. For chlorine
dioxide, the reduction in microbe populations was pretty consistent
for both tanks shapes on all surfaces sampled (3.3 to 4.3
Log.sub.10 reduction
FIG. 70F schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing two short
wide tanks (tanks 65 and 66) with either chlorine dioxide or UVC,
respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on
ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. For this trial, no cleaning
agent was used prior to application of sanitizer. Microbe survival
is represented as Log.sub.10 CFU. For reference, the microbe
survival results for the Negative Control tank and Positive Control
tank are shown in FIG. 70F. The results in FIGS. 70F and 70G show
that both sanitizing methods significantly reduced microbial loads
on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks Both sanitizers helped to
produce a .gtoreq.2.4 Log.sub.10 reduction. The Log.sub.10
reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after
chlorine dioxide sanitation were 3.6, 3.9, and 4.6, respectively.
The Log.sub.10 reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall,
and floor after UVC sanitation were 2.4, 4.7, and 4.0,
respectively.
Based on the results of this trial, the chlorine dioxide was more
effective at reducing microbial load on ceiling and floor of tank
than the UVC. However, UVC produced a significantly higher
reduction of microbe load on the wall compared to use of chlorine
dioxide. In FIG. 70G, a significant difference in reduction of
microbe populations by chlorine dioxide or UVC is indicated in grey
shades.
FIG. 70H schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing two tall
thin tanks (tanks 69 and 57) with either chlorine dioxide or UVC,
respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on
ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. For this trial, no cleaning
agent was used prior to application of sanitizer. Microbe survival
is represented as Log.sub.10 CFU. For reference, the microbe
survival results for the Negative Control tank and Positive Control
tank are shown in FIG. 70H. The results in FIGS. 70H and 70I show
that both sanitizing methods significantly reduced microbial loads
on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks Both sanitizers helped to
produce a .gtoreq.2.7 Log.sub.10 reduction. The Log.sub.10
reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after
chlorine dioxide sanitation were 2.8, 4.2 and 2.7, respectively.
The Log.sub.10 reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall,
and floor after UVC sanitation were 2.7, 4.2 and 4.6,
respectively.
Based on the results of this trial, UVC produced a significantly
higher reduction of microbe loads on the floor compared to using
chlorine dioxide. For the ceiling and wall, both sanitation methods
were equally effective. In FIG. 70I, a significant difference in
reduction of microbe populations by chlorine dioxide or UVC is
indicated in grey shade.
The results for both the short wide tanks and the tall thin tanks
after use of sanitizer show that UVC has a higher or equal efficacy
compared to chlorine dioxide on the walls and floor. However, again
chlorine dioxide demonstrated a higher efficacy on tank ceiling
than UVC. This confirms that UVC, even in the absence of a cleaner,
can kill microbes more effectively than or just as effectively as
chlorine dioxide when surfaces are close to UVC (i.e. walls and
floors).
There are several benefits that can be realized by wineries if they
use UVC instead of chemicals as a sanitizer for stainless steel
tanks 1) significantly less water usage; 2) reduced wastewater
generated; 3) more environmentally friendly due to reduced chemical
usage; 4) reduced labor costs; and 5) more effective reduction in
microbe populations on stainless steel surfaces.
* * * * *
References