U.S. patent number 10,006,644 [Application Number 15/260,859] was granted by the patent office on 2018-06-26 for method and apparatus for positioning heating elements.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Progress Profiles SpA. The grantee listed for this patent is PROGRESS PROFILES SPA. Invention is credited to David D. Larson.
United States Patent |
10,006,644 |
Larson |
June 26, 2018 |
Method and apparatus for positioning heating elements
Abstract
An underlayment system is provided that includes a plurality of
bosses that emanate form a common base member. The bosses and bases
preferably include an opening therethrough that will allow for
subsequent layers of adhesive to interact and bond to each other.
The bosses are also spaced in such a way to help secure a wire
snugly therebetween.
Inventors: |
Larson; David D. (Golden,
CO) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
PROGRESS PROFILES SPA |
Asolo (TV) |
N/A |
IT |
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|
Assignee: |
Progress Profiles SpA
(IT)
|
Family
ID: |
43622774 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/260,859 |
Filed: |
September 9, 2016 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20160377300 A1 |
Dec 29, 2016 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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14860065 |
Sep 21, 2015 |
9518746 |
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12550111 |
Nov 17, 2015 |
9188348 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04F
15/182 (20130101); F16L 3/02 (20130101); F24D
3/144 (20130101); E04F 15/185 (20130101); F24D
13/024 (20130101); E04B 5/48 (20130101); F24D
3/141 (20130101); Y02B 30/26 (20130101); Y02B
30/24 (20130101); Y02B 30/00 (20130101); E04F
2290/023 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24D
13/02 (20060101); E04F 15/18 (20060101); E04B
5/48 (20060101); F24D 3/14 (20060101); F16L
3/02 (20060101); F24D 3/12 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;52/220.1 ;138/177
;165/49,50,47,48.1,53,56 ;219/213 ;432/31 |
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Primary Examiner: Huson; Gregory
Assistant Examiner: Namay; Daniel E
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sheridan Ross P.C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 14/860,065, filed Sep. 21, 2015, which is a continuation of
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/550,111, filed Aug. 28, 2009
and now patented as U.S. Pat. No. 9,188,348, the entire disclosure
of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A radiant-heating system, comprising: a single base layer; a
first protrusion disposed on the single base layer, the first
protrusion comprising a first upper surface connecting a first
inner wall and a first outer wall, the first inner wall spaced from
the first outer wall, the single base layer extending from the
first inner wall; a second protrusion disposed on the single base
layer and adjacent to the first protrusion, the second protrusion
comprising a second upper surface connecting a second inner wall
and a second outer wall, the second inner wall spaced from the
second outer wall, the single base layer extending from the second
inner wall; and a heating element in contact with the single base
layer, the first outer wall, and the second outer wall, wherein
each of the first inner wall, the first outer wall, the second
inner wall, and the second outer wall is curved in a plane parallel
to the single base layer; and wherein an upper portion of the first
protrusion is closer to the second protrusion than a lower portion
of the first protrusion.
2. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the upper portion
of the first protrusion comprises an extension that extends in a
direction parallel to the single base layer.
3. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the first
protrusion and second protrusion are spaced so as to receive a
heating element therebetween.
4. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the upper portion
of the first protrusion is flexibly deflectable.
5. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the upper surface
of at least one of the first protrusion and the second protrusion
comprises a plurality of holes.
6. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the first upper
surface is directly bonded to a flooring surface with thin set.
7. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the single base
layer comprises a plurality of holes therein.
8. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the single base
layer, the first protrusion, and the second protrusion are
integrally formed, and further wherein the single base layer
comprises an undersurface attached to an anti-fracture
membrane.
9. The radiant-heating system of claim 8, wherein the anti-fracture
membrane is physically bonded to the single base layer.
10. The radiant-heating system of claim 1, wherein the first
protrusion and second protrusion are both ring shaped with a
uniform height.
11. A floor underlayment, comprising: a base layer having a
plurality of holes therein; a plurality of rows of bosses rising
from the base layer, each boss comprising: an outer wall spaced
from an inner wall, each of the outer wall and the inner wall being
curved in a plane parallel to the base layer, the base layer
extending from the inner wall; and an upper surface connecting the
outer wall to the inner wall; a corridor between each of the bosses
in the plurality of rows of bosses, the corridor having a first
width near the base layer and a second width above the base layer,
wherein the first width is greater than the second width; and a
heating element in contact with the base layer and the outer wall
of a plurality of bosses.
12. The floor underlayment of claim 11, wherein a heating wire is
disposed in at least one corridor.
13. The floor underlayment of claim 11, wherein the base layer
comprises an undersurface attached to an anti-fracture
membrane.
14. The floor underlayment of claim 13, wherein the anti-fracture
membrane is physically bonded to the base layer.
15. The floor underlayment of claim 11, wherein the upper surface
is directly bonded to a flooring surface with thin set.
16. A system for securing an in-floor heating element, the system
comprising: an anti-fracture membrane; a base layer having a
plurality of holes therein, the base layer comprising an upper
surface and a lower surface, the lower surface attached to the
anti-fracture membrane; a plurality of bosses protruding out of the
upper surface away from the anti-fracture membrane, the plurality
of bosses arranged in a matrix across the upper surface, each boss
having an outer wall spaced from an inner wall, each of the outer
wall and the inner wall being curved in a plane parallel to the
base layer, the base layer extending from the inner wall; and a
heating element in contact with the base layer and the outer wall
of at least two of the plurality of bosses.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the anti-fracture membrane is
woven.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the anti-fracture membrane is
physically bonded to the lower surface.
19. The system of claim 16, wherein the anti-fracture membrane is
removably attached to the lower surface.
20. The system of claim 16, wherein the upper surface is directly
bonded to a flooring surface with thin set.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to
underlayments associated with radiant floor or wall heating
systems. More specifically, one embodiment of the present invention
includes a plurality of protrusions that are adapted to locate and
firmly secure wires or pipes associated with a radiant heating
system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In-floor and in-wall heating and cooling is well known that
utilizes heat conduction and radiant heat, for example, for indoor
climate control rather than forced air heating that relies on
convection. The heat is usually generated by a series of pipes that
circulate heated water or by electric cable, mesh or film that
provide heat when a current is applied thereto. In-floor radiant
heating technology is used commonly in homes and businesses
today.
Electrical floor heating systems have very low installation costs
and are well suited for kitchens, bathrooms or in rooms that
require additional heat, such as basements. One advantage of
electric floor heating is the height of installation. For example,
floor buildup can be as little as about one millimeter as the
electric cables are usually associated with a specialized
installation board or directly onto the sub floor. Electric
underfloor heating is also installed very quickly, usually taking a
half a day to a day depending on the size of the area to be heated.
In addition, warm up times are generally decreased because the
cables are installed approximate to the finished flooring, i.e.
tile, wherein direct connection is made with the heat source rather
than a stored water heater as in fluid-based systems. Electric
systems are offered in several different forms, such as those that
utilize a long continuous length cable or those that employ a mat
with embedded heating elements. In order to maximize heat transfer,
a bronze screen or carbon film heating element may be also used.
Carbon film systems are normally installed under the wire and onto
a thin insulation underlay to reduce thermal loss to the sub floor.
Vinyls, carpets and other soft floor finishes can be heated using
carbon film elements or bronze screen elements.
Another type of in-floor heating system is based on the circulation
of hot water, i.e., a "hydronic" system. In a hydronic system, warm
water is circulated through pipes or tubes that are incorporated
into the floor and generally uses pipes from about 11/16 inch to 1
inch to circulate hot water from which the heat emanates. The size
of tubes generally translates into a thicker floor, which may be
undesirable. One other disadvantage of a hydronic system is that a
hot water storage tank must be maintained at all times, which is
less efficient than an electric floor heating system.
In order to facilitate even heating of a floor, the wires must
preferably be spaced at specific locations. One such system is
disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0026192
to Fuhrman ("Fuhrman"), which is incorporated by reference in its
entirety herein. Fuhrman discloses a mat with a plurality of studs
extending therefrom that help dictate the location of the wires.
The mat with associated studs is placed over a sub floor with a
layer of adhesive therebetween. Another layer of adhesive is placed
above of the studs. The studs also guide the finishers to form a
correct floor thickness. The studs thus provide a location for
interweaving the wire or wires that are used in the heating system.
The wire of Fuhrman, however, is not secured between adjacent studs
and still may separate therefrom, which may cause uneven heating or
wire damage. Furthermore, Fuhrman discloses a continuous mat
wherein subsequent layers of adhesive are not able to interact with
those previously placed.
Thus it is a long felt need in the field of flooring to provide a
system that allows for the location and securement of various wires
associated with an in floor heating system that also facilitates
the creation of a sturdy floor. The following disclosure describes
an improved underlayment that is adapted for securing a plurality
of wires or water tubes, which also provides the mechanism for
allowing successive layers of adhesive to interact with each other
to form a more cohesive flooring system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is one aspect of the present invention to provide a system for
securing a plurality of wires or tubes associated with an in floor
heating system (hereinafter "heating element"). More specifically,
one embodiment of the present invention is a system comprised of a
base member with a plurality of bosses emanating therefrom. The
bosses are spaced in such a way to firmly secure at least one
heating element therebetween. Some embodiments of the present
invention also employ ring shaped bosses, which will be described
in further detail below. Again, the bosses are preferably
positioned in such a way to firmly secure heating elements, thereby
protecting the wire and maintaining a preferred location thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention the lower layer of the
base is applied with heat reflective thin foil layer that directs
heat toward the finished floor as opposed to the subfloor. The
underlayment layer of one embodiment of the present invention is
made by vacuum forming, thermal forming, injection molded, blow
molded, cast or any other similar forming technique.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an
underlayment layer that facilitates bonding of successive flooring
layers. More specifically, the base of one embodiment of the
present invention includes at least one opening that allows
adhesive applied above and below the underlayment layer to
communicate. "Adhesive" as used herein shall mean thin set, mortar,
grout, self-leveling underlayment, etc. Adhesives are used to
firmly associate the underlayment layer with a subfloor, wherein a
layer of adhesive is initially applied to the subfloor with the
underlayment layer placed thereon. Some embodiments of the present
invention include a base with a roughened contact surface or that
is associated with a wire or plastic mesh material to help
facilitate the bond between the underlayment layer and the layer of
adhesive. Next, the plurality of heating elements are associated
with the bosses of the underlayment layer. Once the predetermined
wire configuration is achieved, a second adhesive layer is placed
atop of the underlayment layer and associated wires, which fills
the spaces between adjacent bosses. Grout or other adhesives are
then placed atop of the second layer of adhesive that is adapted to
receive tiles, wood flooring etc. In one embodiment of the present
invention, the base includes at least one opening therethrough to
allow the first layer of adhesive to interact with the second layer
of adhesive, thus providing a continuous adhesion path through the
thickness of the underlayment layer.
The opening (and holes described below) may also allow water to
flow through the underlayment layer. More specifically, often
in-floor heating systems are used in outdoor environments. The
openings in the bosses and the base may thus be used to allow water
flow from the floor through the subfloor to a catch basin or a
drainage system. The openings also allow for air to percolate
through the floor during fabrication, which helps some types of
adhesive cure.
In a related aspect of the present invention, embodiments employ a
boss having an opening therethrough. That is, some bosses of the
present invention are ring shaped having an inner diameter and an
outer diameter. The inner diameter may also be associated with an
opening in the base such that the second layer of adhesive may be
located within the boss to communicate with the first layer of
adhesive which also creates an enhanced bond between the first
layer of adhesive and the second layer of adhesive. Bosses of some
embodiments of the present invention are also at least partially
hollow with a plurality of holes associated with an upper surface
thereof. The hollow bosses decrease the weight of the underlayment
layer which facilitates placement of the same. In addition,
material savings are appreciated by using hollow bosses. Hollow
bosses may in one embodiment receive a first layer of adhesive such
that the second layer of adhesive communicates with the first layer
of adhesive through the plurality of holes. Other embodiments of
the present invention omit such holes and provide an airtight or at
least semi airtight volume of air that is heated by the heating
elements to help regulate the heat being emanated by the floor.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide spacing
between adjacent bosses that is uniquely suited to the diameter or
shape of the heating element to help firmly secure the same. In
addition, some embodiments of the present invention employ bosses
that are non rigid and somewhat compliant that flex to receive the
heating element. This interference or frictional fit between
heating element and boss helps secure and protect the heating
elements.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an
underlayment layer with at least one boss that helps facilitate the
remaining construction of the floor. More specifically, some
embodiments of the present invention include bosses with upwardly
projecting protrusions that act as guides to help the finisher
ascertain the amount of adhesive or grout needed to bring the floor
up to a predetermined grade. It is contemplated that such
protrusions be used to place grout atop the bosses wherein top
surfaces of the protrusions remain uncovered by the grout to define
the finished grade. This will allow the finisher to be confident
that the grout is at the desired level without having to make many
measurements.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide bosses
having an outwardly protruding lip. More specifically, in one
embodiment, the upper portion of the boss side surface, which will
be shown in greater detail below, may be comprised of a continuous
surface or at least one tab that ultimately is positioned in the
space between adjacent bosses. Preferably, the tab is resiliently
deflectable such that the heating element may be placed between
adjacent bosses by flexing the same. Thereafter, the surface or tab
will help maintain the position of the heating element between two
adjacent bosses.
It is one aspect of the present invention to provide an
underlayment that is adapted to receive and secure at least one
heating element of a radiant heating assembly, comprising: a first
base having an outer diameter and an inner diameter; a first boss
having an outer diameter and an inner diameter extending from the
first base, the first boss having a first outer surface; a second
base having an outer diameter and an inner diameter; a second boss
having an outer diameter and an inner diameter extending from the
second base, the second boss having a second outer surface; and
wherein the first outer surface and the second surface are spaced a
predetermined distance to frictionally secure the at least one
heating element.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an
underlayment layer having a base with a plurality of bosses
extending therefrom, wherein at least one boss of the plurality
thereof includes an opening therethrough and wherein the base
includes at least one opening between the plurality of bosses; and
a heating member positioned between bosses of the plurality thereof
wherein the bosses firmly secure the heating member.
It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a
method of installing a floor, comprising: providing a sub-floor;
providing an underlayment layer having a base with a plurality of
bosses therefrom, wherein at least one boss of the plurality
thereof includes an opening therethrough and wherein the base
includes at least one opening between the plurality of bosses;
bonding the underlayment layer to the subfloor with an adhesive
layer therebetween and associating a heating member; and locating a
heating member between bosses of the plurality thereof wherein the
bosses firmly secure the heating member.
It is still yet another aspect of the present invention to provide
an underlayment for association with an in-floor heating element,
the underlayment layer comprising a base layer with a first boss
and a second boss extending therefrom that are adapted to secure
the heating element, the improvement comprising: a hole though the
first boss.
The Summary of the Invention is neither intended nor should it be
construed as being representative of the full extent and scope of
the present invention. Moreover, references made herein to "the
present invention" or aspects thereof should be understood to mean
certain embodiments of the present invention and should not
necessarily be construed as limiting all embodiments to a
particular description. The present invention is set forth in
various levels of detail in the Summary of the Invention as well as
in the attached drawings and the Detailed Description of the
Invention and no limitation as to the scope of the present
invention is intended by either the inclusion or non-inclusion of
elements, components, etc. in this Summary of the Invention.
Additional aspects of the present invention will become more
readily apparent from the Detail Description, particularly when
taken together with the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute
a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the
invention and together with the general description of the
invention given above and the detailed description of the drawings
given below, serve to explain the principles of these
inventions.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an underlayment layer of one
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial top plan view of FIG. 2 showing wires
positioned between adjacent bosses;
FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a flooring system of
one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a boss and base of another embodiment
of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of a boss and base of another embodiment
of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a boss and base of another
embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 10 is a front elevation view of FIG. 9 subsequent to forming
thereof.
To assist in the understanding of the present invention the
following list of components and associated numbering found in the
drawings is provided herein:
TABLE-US-00001 # Components 2 Underlayment layer 6 Base 10 Boss 14
Outer surface 18 Inner surface 22 Upper surface 26 Hole 30 Outer
diameter 34 Inner diameter 38 Opening 42 Opening 46 Wire 50
Flooring system 54 Sub floor 56 Adhesive 58 Channel 60
Anti-fracture membrane 62 Adhesive 66 Flooring member 70 Grout 74
Wall 78 Lip
It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to
scale. In certain instances, details that are not necessary for an
understanding of the invention or that render other details
difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be
understood, of course, that the invention is not necessarily
limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIGS. 1-5, an underlayment layer 2 of one
embodiment of the present invention is shown that includes a system
of interconnected bases 6 and bosses 10. That is, preferably, each
base 6 includes a boss 10 extending therefrom. Each boss 10
includes an outer surface 14 and an inner surface 18 and an upper
surface 22. In some embodiments the upper surface 22 includes a
plurality of holes 26. The bases 6 are generally circular and the
bosses 10 are generally cylindrical. The bases 6 also include an
outer diameter 30 and inner diameter 34. Again, a plurality of
base/boss combinations are interconnected to form the underlayment
layer 2.
The bosses 10 of one embodiment of the present invention are
between about 1/16 inches wide. The spacing between individual
bosses 10 is between about 1 inch to 1.5 inches. One skilled in the
art, however, will appreciate that the boss sizes and spacing
therebetween may be altered to accommodate different sizes of
heating elements. That is, the concepts as shown herein may be
freely scalable to accommodate any heating element. The bosses of
some embodiments of the present invention extend at least about
3/16 inches from the base. The boss/base combinations are
interconnected and include an opening 38 therebetween to help to
facilitate bonding and curing of adhesives positioned above and
below the underlayment layer 2. The bases may also include an
opening 42 position within the inner surface 18 of each boss 10 to
facilitate adhesive bonding as well.
Referring now specifically to FIGS. 3-5, the interaction between a
wire 46, i.e. a "heating element" and the bosses 10 is shown. Here,
the bosses 10 possess a frustoconical or semispherical outer
surface, wherein the diameter of a lower portion of the outer
surface 14 is less than the diameter of the upper portion thereof.
In some embodiments of the present invention the lower diameter is
about 7/8 inches. This configuration allows for the wire 46 to fit
snugly between adjacent bosses 10. The wire 46 may be slid between
the bosses 10 parallel to the base 6. Preferably, however, the wire
46 is forced downwardly between two bosses 10.
Preferably, the bases 6 and bosses 10 are made of fiber
polyethylene, polystyrene or polypropylene and are blow molded,
thermally extruded, vacuum and/or pressure formed, and thermally
molded. The bosses 10 are of such a material not to deform a
temperatures as high as 104 degrees F. and preferably withstand
temperatures of about 120 degrees F.
Referring now specifically to FIG. 5, a cross sectional view of a
plurality of bosses 10 is shown. Here, the bosses 10 are hollow or
at least partially hollow to allow a volume of air to reside
therein. The air helps maintain the temperature of the floor as air
is an excellent insulator to heat. One of skill in the art will
appreciate that the bosses may be filled with any heat conducting
or heat insulating material without departing from the scope of the
invention. Some embodiments of the present invention include an
upper surface 22 having a plurality of holes that provide an
entrance into the internal volume of the boss 10. The boss 10 may
also include a plurality of holes in the bottom portion thereof to
allow for adhesive to communicate through the body of the boss
10.
Referring now to FIG. 6, a cross-sectional view of a flooring
system 50 of one embodiment of the present invention is shown. In
one embodiment of the present invention, a sub floor 54, for
example, plywood, is present with an adhesive 56 applied thereon.
The "adhesive" as used herein includes thin set or modified thin
set, where thin set is capable of curing in the absence of oxygen
or air and modified thin set is incapable of curing in the absence
of oxygen or air (e.g., due to the inclusion of polymers in a
modified thin set).
The underlayment layer 2 is placed on top of the adhesive 56 and
firmly secured thereto, preferably via an anti-fracture membrane
60. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention
contemplate providing an anti-fracture membrane (or similar type of
membrane or material) in the form of a woven substrate or layer
that is removably attached to the underside of the underlayment
layer 2 (perhaps by an adhesive or by a lamination-type process
whereby the underlayment layer 2 is heated up and the anti-fracture
member 60 is pressed there against to create a physical bond
between the anti-fracture membrane 60 and the underlayment layer
2).
Some embodiments of the present invention include an underlayment
layer 2 with a roughened bottom surface that allows for the
adhesive to securely adhere thereto. Other embodiments include an
integrated or otherwise associated wire, woven, or plastic mesh,
preferably in the form of the anti-fracture membrane 60, to help
facilitate the bond between the adhesive 56 and the underlayment
layer 2. Although an anti-fracture membrane 60 is described herein
as a layer of wire, woven, and/or plastic mesh, one skilled in the
art will appreciate that the anti-fracture membrane 60 may include
any type of material or combination of materials in any type of
format that is capable of facilitating a physical connection
between the underlayment layer 2 and the adhesive 56 and/or
isolating cracks in the sub floor by displacing mechanical stresses
across a broader area of the underlayment layer 2.
A plurality of wires 46 or one wire 46 laid in a serpentine path is
placed within the channels 58 between bosses 10. Although one wire
46 is shown positioned between the bosses 10, one skilled in the
art will appreciate that a single wire may be placed between bosses
10 in a zig-zag or serpentine configuration. Alternatively, a
plurality of wires may be placed on the underlayment layer 2 in a
preferred configuration, usually depending upon the desired
heating.
After the wires 46 are placed in the predetermined location,
another layer of adhesive 62 is applied atop the underlayment layer
2. The second adhesive 62 layer will necessarily fill the spaces
between the bosses 10 and will fill the internal space of each boss
10 and interact with the first layer of adhesive 58 to form a
cohesive structure. The second adhesive layer 62 may reside over
the top surface 22 of the bosses 10 as well or may be flush with
the bosses 10. Adhesive 62 is associated with a plurality of
flooring members 66, such as tile, stone, brick, pavers, slate,
concrete, or wood with grout 70 positioned therebetween.
Referring now to FIG. 7, a plan view of another embodiment of a
boss/base is shown. Here, the boss does not have a smooth outer
surface 14 but one that is faceted to engage the wires. The faceted
outer surface has the advantage of being easier to mold. Other
advantages include crack isolation and/or a more secure retention
of heating elements.
Referring now to FIG. 8, another embodiment of the invention is
shown that employs a boss 10 generally without an upper surface.
This boss 10 is simply an outer wall 74 that engages the wires. The
boss may have an opening 42 therethrough to facilitate interaction
between subsequent layers of adhesive.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, yet another embodiment of the
present invention is shown that includes a lip 78. More
specifically, these bosses 10 are similar to those shown in FIGS.
1-6 that include openings 42 in the base 6 and the upper surface 22
of the boss 10. As can be appreciated, the outer surface 14 of the
boss 10 has a frustoconical or semispherical shape. The lip 78 is
associated with the upper surface 22 of the boss and extends
upwardly therefrom. Subsequently to forming the boss, the lip 78 is
made to protrude gradually from the upper surface 22. The lip 78 is
preferably selectively deflectable to help facilitate insertion of
a wire 46 between adjacent bosses. The lip 78 then helps maintain
the wire 46 between adjacent bosses 10. One skilled in the art will
appreciate that the lip 78 may be replaced by at least one tab
positioned between adjacent bosses without departing from the scope
o the invention.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been
described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and
alterations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the
art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such
modifications and alterations are within the scope and spirit of
the present invention, as set forth in the following claims.
* * * * *
References