U.S. patent application number 17/743162 was filed with the patent office on 2022-09-01 for methods of using als inhibitor herbicides for control of unwanted vegetation in als inhibitor herbicide tolerant beta vulgaris plants.
The applicant listed for this patent is Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH. Invention is credited to Guenter DONN, Ruediger HAIN, Gerhard JOHANN.
Application Number | 20220275391 17/743162 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000006330468 |
Filed Date | 2022-09-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220275391 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
HAIN; Ruediger ; et
al. |
September 1, 2022 |
METHODS OF USING ALS INHIBITOR HERBICIDES FOR CONTROL OF UNWANTED
VEGETATION IN ALS INHIBITOR HERBICIDE TOLERANT BETA VULGARIS
PLANTS
Abstract
Present invention relates to the use of the ALS inhibitor
herbicides for controlling unwanted vegetation in ALS inhibitor
herbicide tolerant Beta vulgaris plants, more especially, present
invention relates to the use of ALS inhibitor herbicides for
control of unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris, preferably in
sugar beet growing areas in which the Beta vulgaris, preferably
sugar beet comprise a mutation in codon 1705-1707 of an endogenous
ALS gene encoding an ALS protein containing an amino acid that is
different from tryptophan at position 569, preferably the
tryptophan is substituted by leucine.
Inventors: |
HAIN; Ruediger; (Frankfurt,
DE) ; JOHANN; Gerhard; (Burscheid, DE) ; DONN;
Guenter; (Karlsruhe, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH |
Monheim |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000006330468 |
Appl. No.: |
17/743162 |
Filed: |
May 12, 2022 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
16704487 |
Dec 5, 2019 |
11371057 |
|
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17743162 |
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13821966 |
Mar 8, 2013 |
10544426 |
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PCT/EP11/67922 |
Oct 13, 2011 |
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16704487 |
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61394469 |
Oct 19, 2010 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 15/8278 20130101;
A01N 43/54 20130101; A01N 43/90 20130101; A01N 43/50 20130101; A01N
25/00 20130101; A01N 43/66 20130101; A01N 43/653 20130101; C12N
15/8274 20130101; A01N 43/88 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C12N 15/82 20060101
C12N015/82; A01N 25/00 20060101 A01N025/00; A01N 43/50 20060101
A01N043/50; A01N 43/54 20060101 A01N043/54; A01N 43/653 20060101
A01N043/653; A01N 43/66 20060101 A01N043/66; A01N 43/88 20060101
A01N043/88; A01N 43/90 20060101 A01N043/90 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Oct 15, 2010 |
EP |
10187759.5 |
Claims
1. An ALS inhibitor herbicide capable of being used for controlling
unwanted vegetation in a Beta vulgaris growing area in which the
Beta vulgaris plant comprises a mutation in codon 1705-1707 of an
endogenous ALS gene encoding an ALS protein containing an amino
acid that is different from tryptophan at position 569.
2. The ALS inhibitor herbicide according to claim 1, wherein the
ALS inhibitor herbicide belongs to: the group of the (sulfon)amides
(group (A)) comprising: the subgroup (A1) of the sulfonylureas,
comprising: amidosulfuron [CAS RN 120923-37-7] (=A1-1);
azimsulfuron [CAS RN 120162-55-2] (=A1-2); bensulfuron-methyl [CAS
RN 83055-99-6] (=A1-3); chlorimuron-ethyl [CAS RN 90982-32-4]
(=A1-4); chlorsulfuron [CAS RN 64902-72-3] (=A1-5); cinosulfuron
[CAS RN 94593-91-6] (=A1-6); cyclosulfamuron [CAS RN 136849-15-5]
(=A1-7); ethametsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 97780-06-8] (=A1-8);
ethoxysulfuron [CAS RN 126801-58-9] (=A1-9); flazasulfuron [CAS RN
104040-78-0] (=A1-10); flucetosulfuron [CAS RN 412928-75-7]
(=A1-11); flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN 144740-54-5]
(=A1-12); foramsulfuron [CAS RN 173159-57-4] (=A1-13);
halosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 100784-20-1] (=A1-14); imazosulfuron
[CAS RN 122548-33-8] (=A1-15); iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN
144550-36-7] (=A1-16); mesosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 208465-21-8]
(=A1-17); metsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 74223-64-6] (=A1-18);
monosulfuron [CAS RN 55860-63-2] (=A1-19); nicosulfuron [CAS RN
111991-09-4] (=A1-20); orthosulfamuron [CAS RN 213464-77-8]
(=A1-21); oxasulfuron [CAS RN 144651-06-9] (=A1-22);
primisulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 86209-51-0] (=A1-23); prosulfuron [CAS
RN 94125-34-5] (=A1-24); pyrazosulfuron-ethyl [CAS RN 93697-74-6]
(=A1-25); rimsulfuron [CAS RN 122931-48-0] (=A1-26);
sulfometuron-methyl [CAS RN 74222-97-2] (=A1-27); sulfosulfuron
[CAS RN 141776-32-1] (=A1-28); thifensulfuron-methyl [CAS RN
79277-27-3] (=A1-29); triasulfuron [CAS RN 82097-50-5] (=A1-30);
tribenuron-methyl [CAS RN 101200-48-0] (=A1-31); trifloxysulfuron
[CAS RN 145099-21-4] (sodium) (=A1-32); triflusulfuron-methyl [CAS
RN 126535-15-7] (=A1-33); tritosulfuron [CAS RN 142469-14-5]
(=A1-34); NC-330 [CAS RN 104770-29-8] (=A1-35); NC-620 [CAS RN
868680-84-6] (=A1-36); TH-547 [CAS RN 570415-88-2] (=A1-37);
monosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 175076-90-1] (=A1-38);
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de (=A1-39); a compound of formula (I) ##STR00009## where M+denotes
the respective salt of the compound (I), optionally its lithium
salt (=A1-40); its sodium salt (=A1-41); its potassium salt
(=A1-42); its magnesium salt (=A1-43); its calcium (=A1-44); its
ammonium salt (=A1-45); its methylammonium salt (=A1-46); its
dimethylammonium salt (=A1-47); its tetramethylammonium salt
(=A1-48); its ethylammonium salt (=A1-49); its diethylammonium salt
(=A1-50); its tetraethylammonium salt (=A1-51); its propylammonium
salt (=A1-52); its tetrapropylammonium salt (=A1-53); its
isopropylammonium salt (=A1-54); its diisopropylammonium salt
(=A1-55); its butylammonium salt (=A1-56); its tetrabutylammonium
salt (=A1-57); its (2-hydroxyeth-1-yl)ammonium salt (=A1-58); its
bis-N,N-(2-hydroxyeth-1-yl)ammonium salt (=A1-59); its
tris-N,N,N-(2-hydroxyeth-1-yl)ammonium salt (=A1-60); its
1-phenylethylammonium salt (=A1-61); its 2-phenylethylammonium salt
(=A1-62); its trimethylsulfonium salt (=A1-63); its
trimethyloxonium salt (=A1-64); its pyridinium salt (=A1-65); its
2-methylpyridinium salt (=A1-66); its 4-methylpyridinium salt
(=A1-67); its 2,4-dimethylpyridinium salt (=A1-68); its
2,6-dimethylpyridinium salt (=A1-69); its piperidinium salt
(=A1-70); its imidazolium salt (=A1-71); its morpholinium salt
(=A1-72); its 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-enium salt (=A1-73); its
1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enium salt (=A1-74); or a compound
of formula (II) or salt thereof ##STR00010## with R.sup.2, and
R.sup.3 having the meaning as defined in the below table
TABLE-US-00005 Compound R.sup.2 R.sup.3 A1-75 OCH.sub.3
OC.sub.2H.sub.5 A1-76 OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 A1-77 OCH.sub.3
C.sub.2H.sub.5 A1-78 OCH.sub.3 CF.sub.3 A1-79 OCH.sub.3 OCF.sub.2H
A1-80 OCH.sub.3 NHCH.sub.3 A1-81 OCH.sub.3 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 A1-82
OCH.sub.3 Cl A1-83 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 A1-84 OC.sub.2H.sub.5
OC.sub.2H.sub.5 A1-85 OC.sub.2H.sub.5 CH.sub.3 A1-86
OC.sub.2H.sub.5 C.sub.2H.sub.5
or a compound of formula (III) (=A1-87), optionally the sodium salt
of compound (A1-83) ##STR00011## or the compound of formula (IV)
(=A1-88), optionally the sodium salt of compound (A1-82)
##STR00012## the subgroup of the sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones
(subgroup ((A2)), comprising: flucarbazone-sodium [CAS RN
181274-17-9] (=A2-1); propoxycarbazone-sodium [CAS RN 181274-15-7]
(=A2-2); thiencarbazone-methyl [CAS RN 317815-83-11] (=A2-3); the
subgroup of the triazolopyrimidines (subgroup (A2)), comprising:
cloransulam-methyl [147150-35-4] (=A3-1); diclosulam [CAS RN
145701-21-9] (=A3-2); florasulam [CAS RN 145701-23-1] (=A3-3);
flumetsulam [CAS RN 98967-40-9] (=A3-4); metosulam [CAS RN
139528-85-1] (=A3-5); penoxsulam [CAS RN 219714-96-2] (=A3-6);
pyroxsulam [CAS RN 422556-08-9] (=A3-7); the subgroup of the
sulfonanilides (subgroup (A4)), comprising: compound or salt
thereof from the group described by formula (I): ##STR00013## in
which R.sup.1 is halogen, optionally fluorine or chlorine, R.sup.2
is hydrogen and R.sup.3 is hydroxyl or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together
with the carbon atom to which they are attached are a carbonyl
group C=0 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen or methyl; and optionally a
compound of the below given chemical structure (A4-1) to (A4-8)
##STR00014## ##STR00015## the group of the imidazolinones (group
(B1)), comprising: imazamethabenzmethyl [CAS RN 81405-85-8]
(=B1-1); imazamox [CAS RN 114311-32-9] (=B1-2); imazapic [CAS RN
104098-48-8] (=B1-3); imazapyr [CAS RN 81334-34-1] (=B1-4);
imazaquin [CAS RN 81335-37-7] (=B1-5); imazethapyr [CAS RN
81335-77-5] (=B1-6); SYP-298 [CAS RN 557064-77-4] (=B1-7); SYP-300
[CAS RN 374718-10-2] (=B1-8) the group of the
pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates (group (C)), comprising: the subgroup of
the pyrimidinyloxybenzoeacids (subgroup (C1)) comprising:
bispyribac-sodium [CAS RN 125401-92-5] (=C1-1); pyribenzoxim [CAS
RN 168088-61-7] (=C1-2); pyriminobac-methyl [CAS RN 136191-64-5]
(=C1-3); pyribambenz-isopropyl [CAS RN 420138-41-6] (=C1-4);
pyribambenz-propyl [CAS RN 420138-40-5] (=C1-5); and/or the
subgroup of the pyrimidinylthiobenzoeacids (subgroup (C2)),
comprising: pyriftalid [CAS RN 135186-78-6] (=C2-1);
pyrithiobac-sodium [CAS RN 123343-16-8] (=C2-2).
3. The ALS inhibitor herbicide according to claim 1, wherein the
ALS herbicide belongs to the group comprising: amidosulfuron [CAS
RN 120923-37-7] (=A1-1); chlorimuron-ethyl [CAS RN 90982-32-4]
(=A1-4); ethametsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 97780-06-8] (=A1-8);
ethoxysulfuron [CAS RN 126801-58-9] (=A1-9);
flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN 144740-54-5] (=A1-12);
foramsulfuron [CAS RN 173159-57-4] (=A1-13);
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN 144550-36-7] (=A1-16);
mesosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 208465-21-8] (=A1-17);
metsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 74223-64-6] (=A1-18); monosulfuron [CAS
RN 155860-63-2] (=A1-19); nicosulfuron [CAS RN 111991-09-4]
(=A1-20); sulfosulfuron [CAS RN 141776-32-1] (=A1-28);
thifensulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 79277-27-3] (=A1-29);
tribenuron-methyl [CAS RN 101200-48-0] (=A1-31);
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de (=A1-39);
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de sodium salt (=A1-41); (A1-83) or its sodium salt (=A1-87);
propoxycarbazone-sodium [CAS RN 181274-15-7] (=A2-2);
thiencarbazone-methyl [CAS RN 317815-83-1] (=A2-3); florasulam [CAS
RN 145701-23-1] (=A3-3); metosulam [CAS RN 139528-85-1] (=A3-5);
pyroxsulam [CAS RN 422556-08-9] (=A3-7) (A4-1); (A4-2); (A4-3);
imazamox [CAS RN 114311-32-9] (=B1-2); and/or bispyribac-sodium
[CAS RN 125401-92-5] (=C1-1).
4. The ALS inhibitor herbicide according to claim 1, wherein the
ALS inhibitor herbicide belongs to the group comprising:
amidosulfuron [CAS RN 120923-37-7] (=A1-1); foramsulfuron [CAS RN
173159-57-4] (=A1-13); iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN
144550-36-7] (=A1-16);
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de (=A1-39);
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de sodium salt A1-41; A1-83 or its sodium salt (=A1-87);
thiencarbazone-methyl [CAS RN 317815-83-1] (=A2-3); imazamox [CAS
RN 1 1431 1-32-9] (=B1-2) and/or bispyribac-sodium [CAS RN
125401-92-5] (=C1-1).
5. The ALS inhibitor herbicide according to claim 1, and wherein
amino acid of the ALS protein at position 569 is leucine.
6. The ALS inhibitor herbicide combination comprising said
herbicide of claim 1 with at least one non-ALS inhibitor herbicide
optionally comprising at least one herbicide showing a mode of
action that is different to the inhibition of the ALS enzyme
[acetohydroxyacid synthase; EC 2.2.1 0.6] group D herbicides), and
wherein the non-ALS inhibitor herbicide is selected form the group
consisting of: chloridazon, clethodim, clodinafop,
clodinafop-propargyl, clopyralid, cycloxydim, desmedipham,
dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, ethofumesate, fenoxaprop,
fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop,
fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, glufosinate,
glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium,
glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium,
haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl,
haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl,
lenacil, metamitro, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl,
propaquizafop, quinmerac, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl,
quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, and
sethoxydim.
7. The ALS inhibitor herbicide combination according to claim 6,
and wherein the non-ALS inhibitor herbicide is selected form the
group consisting of: desmedipham, ethofumesate, glufosinate,
glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium,
glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium,
lenacil, metamitron, phenmedipham, and phenmedipham-ethyl.
8. A method for controlling unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris
plant growing areas, comprising: (a) having at least one Beta
vulgaris plant comprising a mutation in codon 1705-1707 of an
endogenous ALS gene encoding an ALS protein containing an amino
acid that is different from tryptophan at position 569, (b)
applying one or more ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) alone or in
combination with at least one herbicide that does not belong to the
class of ALS inhibitor herbicides (non-ALS inhibitor herbicides),
and (c) wherein the application of the respective herbicides as
defined under (b) (i) takes place jointly or simultaneously, or
(ii) takes place at different times and/or in a plurality of
portions (sequential application), in pre-emergence application
followed by post-emergence application or early post-emergence
application followed by medium or late post-emergence
application.
9. A method for controlling unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris
plant growing areas, comprising using an ALS inhibitor herbicide as
defined in claim 2.
10. A method for controlling unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris
plant growing areas, comprising using the ALS inhibitor herbicide
as defined in claim 3.
11. The method according to claim 9 further comprising using a
non-ALS inhibitor herbicide taken from the group comprising:
chloridazon, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl,
clopyralid, cycloxydim, desmedipham, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P,
ethofumesate, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl,
fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl,
fluazifop-P-butyl, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium,
glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium,
glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P,
haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl,
haloxyfop-P-methyl, lenacil, metamitro, phenmedipham,
phenmedipham-ethyl, propaquizafop, quinmerac, quizalofop,
quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl,
quizalofop-P-tefuryl, and/or sethoxydim.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 16/704,487, filed Dec. 5, 2019, which is a Continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 13/821,966, filed Mar. 8, 2013, now U.S. Pat.
No. 10,544,426, issued Jan. 28, 2020, which is a National Stage
Application of PCT/EP2011/067922 filed Oct. 13, 2011, which claims
priority to European Application No. 10187759.5, filed Oct. 15,
2010 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/394,469, filed Oct.
19, 2010. The disclosure of the priority applications are
incorporated in their entirety herein by reference.
REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED AS A COMPLIANT ASCII TEXT
FILE (.txt)
[0002] Pursuant to the EFS-Web legal framework and 37 C.F.R. .sctn.
1.821-825 (see M.P.E.P. .sctn. 2442.03(a)), a Sequence Listing in
the form of an ASCII-compliant text file (entitled
"2923343_034002_ST25.txt" created on May 11, 2022, and 17,643 bytes
in size) is submitted concurrently with the instant application,
and the entire contents of the Sequence Listing are incorporated
herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop
protection by using ALS (acetolactate synthase; also known as AHAS
(acetohydroxyacid synthase; EC 2.2.1.6; formerly EC 4.1.3.18))
inhibitor herbicides against unwanted vegetation in areas of
growing Beta vulgaris plants, preferably sugar beet, that are
tolerant against ALS inhibitor herbicides by comprising a mutation
in the codon 1705-1707 of an endogenous ALS gene thereby encoding
an ALS polypeptide having an amino acid that is different from the
naturally occurring tryptophan at position 569.
[0004] Cultivated forms of Beta vulgaris (as defined in Ford-Lloyd
(2005) Sources of genetic variation, Genus Beta. In: Biancardi E,
Campbell L G, Skaracis G N, De Biaggi M (eds) Genetics and Breeding
of Sugar Beet. Science Publishers, Enfield (NH), USA, pp 25-33) are
important agricultural crops in temperate and subtropical regions.
For example, about 20% of the world sugar production is based on
sugar beet. Because beet seedlings and juvenile plants during their
first 6-8 weeks of their life are susceptible for strong
competition caused by fast growing weeds, which outcompete the
young crop plants, reliable weed control measures are imperative in
these crop areas.
[0005] Since more than 40 years, herbicides are the preferred tools
to control weeds in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var
altissima). The products used for this purpose, namely
phenmedipham, desmediphan, ethofumesate, and metamitron allow to
suppress weeds in sugar beet fields without damaging the crop.
Nevertheless, under adverse environmental conditions the efficacy
of these products leaves room for improvements, especially if
noxious weeds like Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and/or
Fallopia convolvulus germinate over an extended period of time.
[0006] The ALS/AHAS enzyme is present in bacteria, fungi, and
plants and from various organisms protein isolates have been
obtained and their corresponding amino acid/nucleic acid sequences
as well as their biochemical characteristics have been
determined/characterized (for review, see at Umbarger, H. E., Annu.
Rev. Biochem. (1978), 47, 533-606; Chiman, D. M. et al., Biochim.
Biophys. Acta (1998), 1385, 401-419; Duggleby, R. G., and Pang, S.
S., J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. (2000), 33, 1-36; Duggleby, R. G.
(Structure and Properties of Acetohydroxyacid Synthase in Thiamine:
Catalytic Mechanisms in Normal and Disease States, Vol 11, Marcel
Dekker, New York, 2004, 251-274)
[0007] The use of herbicidal compounds belonging to the class of
ALS inhibitors, like (a) sulfonylurea herbicides (Beyer E. M et al.
(1988), Sulfonylureas in Herbicides: Chemistry, Degradation, and
Mode of Action; Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988, 117-189), (b)
sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides (Pontzen, R.,
Pflanz.-Nachrichten Bayer, 2002, 55, 37-52), (c) imidazolinone
herbicides (Shaner, D. L., et al., Plant Physiol., 1984, 76,
545-546; Shaner, D. L., and O'Connor, S. L. (Eds.) The
Imidazolinone Herbicides, CRC Press, Boca Rato, F L, 1991), (d)
triazolopyrimidine herbicides (Kleschick, W. A. et al., Agric. Food
Chem., 1992, 40, 1083-1085), and (e) pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoate
herbicides (Shimizu, T. J., Pestic. Sci., 1997, 22, 245-256;
Shimizu, T. et al., Acetolactate Syntehase Inhibitors in Herbicide
Classes in Development, Boger, P., Wakabayashi. K., Hirai, K.,
(Eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2002, 1-41) for the control of
unwanted vegetation in various crop cultures is well known in
agriculture.
[0008] A broad variety of ALS/AHAS inhibitor herbicides enable a
farmer to control a wide range of weed species independently of
their growth stages, but these highly efficient herbicides cannot
be used in Beta vulgaris, preferably sugar beet, because Beta
vulgaris, especially conventional sugar beet plants/commercial
sugar beet varieties are highly susceptible against/affected by
these ALS inhibitor herbicides. Nevertheless, these ALS inhibitor
herbicides show an excellent herbicidal activity against broadleaf
and grass weed species. The first herbicides based on ALS
inhibitors were developed for their use in agriculture already 30
years ago. Nowadays, active ingredients of this class exhibit a
strong weed control and are widely used in maize and cereals as
well as in dicot crops, except Beta vulgaris, preferably sugar
beet.
[0009] By now, there is only one commercially available product
based on a sulfonylurea herbicide, i.e. Debut.RTM. (component (A)
50% triflusulfuron-methyl+component (B) a specific formulation
compound, i.e. a specific adjuvant) which can be used in sugar beet
in post emergent application, but it requires the application at a
very early leaf stage of the weeds to be treated and also show
severe gaps in the treatment of serious weeds growing in sugar beet
plantings. This sulfonylurea is not tolerated by but degraded in
the sugar beet plants.
[0010] Another, more reliable and more flexible way to obtain Beta
vulgaris, preferably sugar beet plants that stand an ALS inhibitor
herbicide treatment is to generate mutants that are sufficiently
tolerant to agronomically useful/necessary quantities of ALS
inhibitor herbicides in order to control serious unwanted
vegetation in Beta vulgaris, preferably sugar beet plantings.
[0011] Since ALS inhibitor herbicides were introduced into
agriculture it was observed that susceptible plant species,
including naturally occurring weeds, occasionally develop
spontaneous tolerance to this class of herbicides. Single base pair
substitutions at specific sites of the ALS gene usually lead to
more or less resistant ALS enzyme variants which show different
levels of inhibition by the ALS inhibitor herbicides. Plants
conferring mutant ALS alleles therefore show different levels of
tolerance to ALS inhibitor herbicides, depending on the chemical
structure of the ALS inhibitor herbicide and the site of the point
mutation(s) in the ALS gene and the hereby encoded ALS protein.
[0012] Several mutants (naturally occurring in weeds but also
artificially induced in crops by either mutation or transgenic
approaches) of the ALS conferring tolerance to one or more
chemicals defined under the above given ALS inhibitor herbicide
classes/groups are known at various parts of the enzyme (i.e. in
the .alpha.-, .beta.-, and .gamma.-domain of the ALS h are known
and have been identified in various organisms, including plants
(U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,82; Duggleby, R. G. et al., (2008), Plant
Physiol. and Biochem., pp 309-324; Siyuan, T. et al. (2005), Pest
Management Sci., 61, pp 246-257; Jung, S. (2004) Biochem J., pp
53-61; Kolkman, J. M. (2004), Theor. Appl. Genet., 109, pp
1147-1159; Duggleby, R. G. et al (2003), Eur. J. Biochem., 270, pp
1295-2904; Pang, S. S., et al. (2003), J. Biol. Chem., pp
7639-7644); Yadav, N, et al., (1986), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 83,
pp 4418-4422), Jander G. et al. (2003), Plant Physiol., 131, pp.
139-146); Tranel, P. J., and Wright, T. R. (2002), Weed Science,
50, pp 700-712); Chang, A. K., and Duggleby, R. G. (1998), Biochem
J., 333, pp. 765-777).
[0013] Crop plants conferring mutant ALS alleles do show different
levels of tolerance to ALS inhibitor herbicides, depending on the
chemical structure of the ALS inhibitor herbicide and the site of
the point mutation in the ALS gene.
[0014] For example, Hattori et al. (1995), Mol. Gen. Genet. 246:
419-425, describes a single mutation in the Trp 557 codon in a
Brassica napus cell line (according to the numbering of the
Arabidopsis thaliana sequence that is used in the literature in
order to compare all ALS/AHAS mutants this refers to position
"574")--which equals position 569 of the beet ALS polypeptide
sequence. These authors observed resistance to several members of
sub-classes of ALS inhibitor herbicides, like sulfonylureas,
imidazolinones and triazolopyrimidines.
[0015] EP-A-0360750 describes the production of ALS inhibitor
herbicide tolerant plants by producing an increased amount of the
attacked ALS inside the plant. Such plants show an increased
tolerance against certain sulfonyureas, like chlorsulfuron,
sulfometuron-methyl, and triasulfuron.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,599 describes sulfonylurea and
imidazolinone tolerant plants that have been obtained via a
selection process and which show a tolerance against chlorsulfuron,
bensulfuron, chlorimuron, thifensulfuron and sulfometuron.
[0017] Furthermore, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,013,659, 5,141,870, and
5,378,824 describe the production of transgenic sugarbeet plants by
introducing a modified yeast ALS gene into such sugarbeet
plants.
[0018] In addition, Saunders et al. (Crop Science, 1992, 32,
1317-1320) disclose sulfonylurea tolerant sugar beet plants that
were obtained via somaclonal cell selection but these authors
neither showed up any biological data concerning the level of
tolerance of such plants against ALS inhibitor herbicide treatment
nor did they demonstrate genetically stable mutants obtained from
cultures in which these mutations have been generated.
[0019] Stougaard et al. (1990), J. Cell Biochem., Suppl. 14E, 310
describe the isolation of ALS mutants in a tetraploid sugar beet
cell culture. Two different ALS genes (ALS I and ALS II) were
isolated which differed at amino acid position 37 only. Mutant 1
contained in its ALS I gene 2 mutations, while mutant 2 contained 3
mutations in its ALS II gene. After the mutations were separated to
resolve which mutation would confer resistance against an ALS
inhibitor, it was revealed that ALS synthesized from a recombinant
E. coli was herbicide resistant if it contained a point mutation in
the Trp 574 codon (according to the numbering of the Arabidopsis
thaliana sequence that is used in the literature in order to
compare all ALS mutants)--which equals position 569 of the beet ALS
amino acid sequence, leading to a replacement of the amino acid
"Trp" by the amino acid "Lou". Stougaard et al did not show in
sugar beet that the mutation at position 569 of any of the sugar
beet ALS genes is sufficient in order to obtain an agronomically
acceptable level of tolerance to ALS inhibitor herbicides.
Moreover, Stougaard et al did not regenerate or handle sugar beet
plants comprising a mutation, including Trp->Leu mutation at
position 569 of sugar beet ALS.
[0020] Knowing this, Stougaard et al. constructed plant
transformation vectors containing different ALS genes for use in
plant transformation. However, up to now, no further
data--especially not concerning the effects of the application of
ALS inhibitor herbicides to plants and/or agricultural areas
comprising this mutation in Beta vulgaris plants have been
disclosed by these or other authors either in genetically
engineered or mutant plants over more than 20 years,
thereafter.
[0021] Additionally, beet mutants were described conferring a point
mutation in the Ala 122 codon which led to a certain tolerance to
the ALS inhibitor herbicide subclass of imidazolinones (WO
98/02526) but which is not sufficient for weed control in
agricultural application schemes. No cross-tolerance to other ALS
inhibitor herbicide classes were described by employing this
mutant. Furthermore, beet plants conferring a second point mutation
in the Pro 197 codon showed a moderate tolerance to ALS inhibitor
herbicides belonging to members of the subclass of sulfonylurea
herbicides. Also double mutants of these two were described (WO
98/02527). However, none of these mutants were used for the market
introduction of beet varieties because the level of herbicide
tolerance to ALS inhibitor herbicides was not sufficiently high in
these mutants to be exploited agronomically.
[0022] WO 2008/124495 discloses ALS double and triple mutants.
According to WO 2009/046334, specific mutations in the ALS gene
were provided. However, agronomically exploitable Beta vulgaris
mutants containing such mutations according to WO 2009/046334 and
also showing a sufficient tolerance to any kind of ALS inhibitor
herbicides of various ALS inhibitor herbicide classes have not been
obtained/described by now.
[0023] All these sugar beet mutants do not show a reliable
tolerance against various classes of the ALS inhibitor herbicides,
and--even worse--they do not show a tolerance level that is useful
at agronomic application rates against any kind of ALS inhibitor
herbicides.
[0024] As it relates to the compounds known acting as ALS inhibitor
herbicides, these can be grouped in several classes.
[0025] Compounds from the group of the (sulfon)amides are already
known as herbicidally active compounds for controlling unwanted
vegetation; see, for example, EP 239414, U.S. Pat. No. 4,288,244,
DE 3303388, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,457,085, 3,120,434, 3,480,671, EP
206251, EP 205271, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,556,664, 3,534,098, EP 53011,
U.S. Ser. No. 04/385,927, EP 348737, DE 2822155, U.S. Pat. No.
3,894,078, GB 869169, EP 447004, DE 1039779, HU 176582, U.S. Pat.
No. 3,442,945, DE 2305495, DE 2648008, DE 2328340, DE 1014380, HU
53483, U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,907, GB 1040541, U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,903,478, 3,177,061, 2,695,225, DE 1567151, GB 574995, DE 1031571,
U.S. Pat. No. 3,175,897, JP 1098331, U.S. Pat. No. 2,913,327, WO
8300329, JP 80127302, DE 1300947, DE 2135768, U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,175,887, 3,836,524, JP 85067463, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,582,314,
53,330,821, EP 131258, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,746,353, 4,420,325,
4,394,506, 4,127,405, 4,479,821, 5,009,699, EP 136061, EP 324569,
EP 184385, WO 2002030921, WO 09215576, WO 09529899, U.S. Pat. No.
4,668,277, EP 305939, WO 09641537, WO 09510507, EP 7677, CN
01080116, US 478 9393, EP 971902, U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,771, EP
84020, EP 120814, EP 87780, WO 08804297, EP 5828924, WO 2002036595,
U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,936, WO 2009/053058 and the literature cited in
the publications mentioned above.
[0026] Compounds from the group of the imidazolinones are already
known as herbicidally active compounds for controlling unwanted
vegetation; see, for example Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 1992. 45,
341, Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Annu. Mtg. 36th, 1983, 29, Weed
Sci. Soc. Annu. Mtg. 36th, 1983, 90-91, Weed Sci. Soc. Mtg., 1984,
18, Modern Agrochemicals, 2004, 14-15.
[0027] Compounds from the group of the pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates
are already known as herbicidally active compounds for controlling
unwanted vegetation; see, for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,285, EP
658549, U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,339, WO 91/05781, U.S. Pat. No.
4,932,999, and EP 315889.
[0028] Compounds from the group of the sulfonanilides are already
known as herbicidally active compounds for controlling unwanted
vegetation; see, for example WO 93/09099, WO 2006/008159, and WO
2005/096818.
[0029] All publications and patents cited in this disclosure are
incorporated by reference in their entirety. To the extent the
material incorporated by reference contradicts or is inconsistent
with this specification, the specification will supersede any such
material.
[0030] In view of the fact that, for example, sugar beet accounts
for about 20% of the world sugar beet production, it would be
highly desirable to have available a weed control system that
enables the efficient control of highly potent and serious weeds.
It would thus be highly desirable to use one or more ALS inhibitor
herbicides for control of unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris
plants, preferably sugar beet plants which are tolerant to such ALS
inhibitor herbicides.
[0031] This problem was solved according to present invention.
SUMMARY
[0032] The present invention relates to the use of one or more ALS
inhibitor herbicide(s) belonging to one or various ALS inhibitor
herbicide class(es) for controlling unwanted vegetation in Beta
vulgaris, preferably in sugar beet growing areas in which the Beta
vulgaris plants, preferably sugar beet plants comprise a mutation
in codon 1705-1707 of an endogenous acetolactate synthase (ALS)
gene encoding an ALS protein containing an amino acid that is
different from tryptophan at position 569, preferably the
tryptophan of the wild-type ALS protein is substituted by a leucine
at position 569.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0033] Seeds of sugar beet plants comprising such mutation and
which can be employed according to present invention have been
deposited with the NCIMB, Aberdeen, UK, under Number NCIMB 41705 on
Mar. 12, 2010.
[0034] More preferably, the present invention relates to the use of
one or more ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) in Beta vulgaris mutants,
preferably sugar beet mutants, comprising a mutation in codon
1705-1707 of an endogenous acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene
encoding an ALS protein containing an amino acid that is different
from tryptophan at position 569, preferably the tryptophan of the
wild-type ALS protein is substituted by a leucine at position 569
and wherein the ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) belong to: the group of
the (sulfon)amides (group (A)) consisting of: [0035] the subgroup
(A1) of the sulfonylureas, consisting of: [0036] amidosulfuron[CAS
RN 120923-37-7] (=A1-1); [0037] azimsulfuron [CAS RN 120162-55-2]
(=A1-2); [0038] bensulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 83055-99-6] (=A1-3);
[0039] chlorimuron-ethyl [CAS RN 90982-32-4] (=A1-4); [0040]
chlorsulfuron [CAS RN 64902-72-3] (=A1-5); [0041] cinosulfuron [CAS
RN 94593-91-6] (=A1-6); [0042] cyclosulfamuron [CAS RN 136849-15-5]
(=A1-7); [0043] ethametsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 97780-06-8] (=A1-8);
[0044] ethoxysulfuron [CAS RN 126801-58-9] (=A1-9); [0045]
flazasulfuron [CAS RN 104040-78-0] (=A1-10); [0046] flucetosulfuron
[CAS RN 412928-75-7] (=A1-11); [0047] flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium
[CAS RN 144740-54-5] (=A1-12); [0048] foramsulfuron [CAS RN
173159-57-4] (=A1-13); [0049] halosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN
100784-20-1] (=A1-14); [0050] imazosulfuron [CAS RN 122548-33-8]
(=A1-15); [0051] iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN 144550-36-7]
(=A1-16); [0052] mesosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 208465-21-8] (=A1-17);
[0053] metsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 74223-64-6] (=A1-18); [0054]
monosulfuron [CAS RN 155860-63-2] (=A1-19); [0055] nicosulfuron
[CAS RN 111991-09-4] (=A1-20); [0056] orthosulfamuron [CAS RN
213464-77-8] (=A1-21); [0057] oxasulfuron [CAS RN 144651-06-9]
(=A1-22); [0058] primisulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 86209-51-0] (=A1-23);
[0059] prosulfuron [CAS RN 94125-34-5] (=A1-24); [0060]
pyrazosulfuron-ethyl [CAS RN 93697-74-6] (=A1-25); [0061]
rimsulfuron [CAS RN 122931-48-0] (=A1-26); [0062]
sulfometuron-methyl [CAS RN 74222-97-2] (=A1-27); [0063]
sulfosulfuron [CAS RN 141776-32-1] (=A1-28); [0064]
thifensulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 79277-27-3] (=A1-29); [0065]
triasulfuron [CAS RN 82097-50-5] (=A1-30); [0066] tribenuron-methyl
[CAS RN 101200-48-0] (=A1-31); [0067] trifloxysulfuron [CAS RN
145099-21-4] (sodium) (=A1-32); [0068] triflusulfuron-methyl [CAS
RN 126535-15-7] (=A1-33); [0069] tritosulfuron [CAS RN 142469-14-5]
(=A1-34); [0070] NC-330 [CAS RN 104770-29-8] (=A1-35); [0071]
NC-620 [CAS RN 868680-84-6] (=A1-36); [0072] TH-547 [CAS RN
570415-88-2] (=A1-37); [0073] monosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN
175076-90-1] (=A1-38); [0074]
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de (=A1-39); [0075] a compound of the general formula (I)
[0075] ##STR00001## [0076] where M.sup.+ denotes the respective
salt of the compound (I), i.e. [0077] its lithium salt (=A1-40);
its sodium salt (=A1-41); its potassium salt (=A1-42); its
magnesium salt (=A1-43); its calcium (=A1-44); its ammonium salt
(=A1-45); its methylammonium salt (=A1-46); its dimethylammonium
salt (=A1-47); its tetramethylammonium salt (=A1-48); its
ethylammonium salt (=A1-49); its diethylammonium salt (=A1-50); its
tetraethylammonium salt (=A1-51); its propylammonium salt (=A1-52);
its tetrapropylammonium salt (=A1-53); its isopropylammonium salt
(=A1-54); its diisopropylammonium salt (=A1-55); its butylammonium
salt (=A1-56); its tetrabutylammonium salt (=A1-57); its
(2-hydroxyeth-1-yl)ammonium salt (=A1-58); its
bis-N,N-(2-hydroxyeth-1-yl)ammonium salt (=A1-59); its
tris-N,N,N-(2-hydroxyeth-1-yl)ammonium salt (=A1-60); its
1-phenylethylammonium salt (=A1-61); its 2-phenylethylammonium salt
(=A1-62); its trimethylsulfonium salt (=A1-63); its
trimethyloxonium salt (=A1-64); its pyridinium salt (=A1-65); its
2-methylpyridinium salt (=A1-66); its 4-methylpyridinium salt
(=A1-67); its 2,4-dimethylpyridinium salt (=A1-68); its
2,6-dimethylpyridinium salt (=A1-69); its piperidinium salt
(=A1-70); its imidazolium salt (=A1-71); its morpholinium salt
(=A1-72); its 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-enium salt (=A1-73); its
1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enium salt (=A1-74); [0078] or a
compound of the formula (II) or salts thereof
[0078] ##STR00002## [0079] with R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 having the
meaning as defined in the below table
TABLE-US-00001 [0079] Compound R.sup.2 R.sup.3 A1-75 OCH.sub.3
OC.sub.2H.sub.5 A1-76 OCH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 A1-77 OCH.sub.3
C.sub.2H.sub.5 A1-78 OCH.sub.3 CF.sub.3 A1-79 OCH.sub.3 OCF.sub.2H
A1-80 OCH.sub.3 NHCH.sub.3 A1-81 OCH.sub.3 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 A1-82
OCH.sub.3 Cl A1-83 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 A1-84 OC.sub.2H.sub.5
OC.sub.2H.sub.5 A1-85 OC.sub.2H.sub.5 CH.sub.3 A1-86
OC.sub.2H.sub.5 C.sub.2H.sub.5
[0080] or the compound of formula (III) (=A1-87), i.e. the sodium
salt of compound (A1-83)
[0080] ##STR00003## [0081] or the compound of formula (IV)
(=A1-88), i.e. the sodium salt of compound (A1-82)
[0081] ##STR00004## [0082] the subgroup of the
sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones (subgroup ((A2)), consisting of:
[0083] flucarbazone-sodium [CAS RN 181274-17-9] (=A2-1); [0084]
propoxycarbazone-sodium [CAS RN 181274-15-7] (=A2-2); [0085]
thiencarbazone-methyl [CAS RN 317815-83-1] (=A2-3); [0086] the
subgroup of the triazolopyrimidines (subgroup (A3)), consisting of:
[0087] cloransulam-methyl [147150-35-4] (=A3-1); [0088] diclosulam
[CAS RN 145701-21-9] (=A3-2); [0089] florasulam [CAS RN
145701-23-1] (=A3-3); [0090] flumetsulam [CAS RN 98967-40-9]
(=A3-4); [0091] metosulam [CAS RN 139528-85-1] (=A3-5); [0092]
penoxsulam [CAS RN 219714-96-2] (=A3-6); [0093] pyroxsulam [CAS RN
422556-08-9] (=A3-7); [0094] the subgroup of the sulfonanilides
(subgroup (A4)), consisting of: [0095] compounds or salts thereof
from the group described by the general formula (I):
[0095] ##STR00005## [0096] in which [0097] R.sup.1 is halogen,
preferably fluorine or chlorine, [0098] R.sup.2 is hydrogen and
R.sup.3 is hydroxyl or [0099] R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the
carbon atom to which they are attached [0100] are a carbonyl group
C.dbd.O and [0101] R.sup.4 is hydrogen or methyl; [0102] and more
especially compounds of the below given chemical structure (A4-1)
to (A4-8)
[0102] ##STR00006## ##STR00007## [0103] the group of the
imidazolinones (group (B1)), consisting of: [0104]
imazamethabenzmethyl [CAS RN 81405-85-8] (=B1-1); [0105] imazamox
[CAS RN 114311-32-9] (=B1-2); [0106] imazapic [CAS RN 104098-48-8]
(=B1-3); [0107] imazapyr [CAS RN 81334-34-1] (=B1-4); [0108]
imazaquin [CAS RN 81335-37-7] (=B1-5); [0109] imazethapyr [CAS RN
81335-77-5] (=B1-6); [0110] SYP-298 [CAS RN 557064-77-4] (=B1-7);
[0111] SYP-300 [CAS RN 374718-10-2] (=B1-8). [0112] the group of
the pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates (group (C)), consisting of: [0113]
the subgroup of the pyrimidinyloxybenzoeacids (subgroup (C1))
consisting of: [0114] bispyribac-sodium [CAS RN 125401-92-5]
(=C1-1); [0115] pyribenzoxim [CAS RN 168088-61-7] (=C1-2); [0116]
pyriminobac-methyl [CAS RN 136191-64-5] (=C1-3); [0117]
pyribambenz-isopropyl [CAS RN 420138-41-6] (=C1-4); [0118]
pyribambenz-propyl [CAS RN 420138-40-5] (=C1-5); [0119] the
subgroup of the pyrimidinylthiobenzoeacids (subgroup (C2)),
consisting of: [0120] pyriftalid [CAS RN 135186-78-6] (=C2-1);
[0121] pyrithiobac-sodium [CAS RN 123343-16-8] (=C2-2).
[0122] In this context, "tolerance" or "tolerant" means that the
application of one or more ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) belonging to
any of the above defined groups (A), (B), (C) does not show any
apparent effect(s) concerning the physiological
functions/phytotoxicity when applied to the respective Beta
vulgaris plant, especially sugar beet containing an ALS polypeptide
comprising a mutation at position 569 and whereas the application
of the same amount of the respective ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) on
non-tolerant Beta vulgaris plants leads to significant negative
effects concerning plant growth, its physiological functions or
shows phytotoxic symptoms. Quality and quantity of the observed
effects may depend on the chemical composition of the respective
ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) applied, dose rate and timing of the
application as well growth conditions/stage of the treated
plants.
[0123] Unless otherwise indicated, the term "at least" preceding a
series of elements is to be understood to refer to every element in
the series. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to
ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many
equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described
herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the
present invention.
[0124] Throughout this specification and the claims which follow,
unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and
variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood
to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of
integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or
step or group of integer or step. The word "comprise" and its
variations on the one side and the word "contain" and its analogous
variations on the other side can be used interchangeably throughout
this specification and the corresponding claims without a
preference given to any of them.
[0125] When used herein, the term "transgenic" or "genetically
modified" means that a gene--which can be of the same or a
different species--has been introduced via an appropriate
biological carrier, like Agrobacterium tumefaciens or by any other
physical means, like protoplast transformation or particle
bombardment, into a plant and which gene is able to be expressed in
the new host environment, namely the genetically modified organism
(GMO).
[0126] In accordance to the before definition, the term
"non-transgenic" or "non-genetically modified" means exactly the
contrary, i.e. that no introduction of the respective gene has
occurred via an appropriate biological carrier or by any other
physical means. However, a mutated gene can be transferred through
pollination, either naturally or via a breeding process to produce
another non-transgenic plant concerning this specific gene.
[0127] An "endogenous" gene means a gene of a plant which has not
been introduced into the plant by genetic engineering
techniques.
[0128] An "amino acid different from tryptophan" (indicated by
"Trp" in the three letter code or "W" in the equivalently used one
letter code) includes any naturally-occurring amino acid different
from tryptophan. These naturally-occurring amino acids include
alanine (A), arginine (R), asparagine (N), aspartate (D), cysteine
(C), glutamine (Q), glutamate (E), glycine (G), histidine (H),
isoleucine (I), leucine (L), lysine (K), methionine (M),
phenylalanine (F), proline (P), serine (S), threonine (T), tyrosine
(Y) or valine (V).
[0129] However, preferably, the amino acid different from
tryptophan (belonging to the group of neutral-polar amino acids) at
position 569 of the ALS protein is an amino acid with
physico-chemical properties different from tryptophan, i.e.
belonging to any of the amino acids showing neutral-nonpolar,
acidic, or basic properties. More preferably, the amino acid
different from tryptophan is selected from the group consisting of
alanine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine,
proline, valine, and arginine. Even more preferably, said amino
acid is a neutral-nonpolar amino acid such as alanine, glycine,
isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline or valine.
Particularly preferred said amino acid is alanine, glycine,
isoleucine, leucine, valine. Even more preferred is glycine and
leucine.
[0130] Most preferably, it is leucine.
[0131] The "CAS RN" stated in square brackets behind the names
(common names) mentioned under groups A to C corresponds to the
"chemical abstract service registry number", a customary reference
number which allows the substances named to be classified
unambiguously, since the "CAS RN" distinguishes, inter alia,
between isomers including stereoisomers.
[0132] ALS inhibitor herbicides which are preferably used for
control of unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris, preferably sugar
beet growing areas in which Beta vulgaris, preferably sugar beet
plants contain an ALS protein encoded by an endogenous ALS gene
comprising an amino acid different from tryptophan at position 569
and thereby providing tolerance against the ALS inhibitor
herbicide(s) according to this invention belonging to group (A)
are: [0133] amidosulfuron [CAS RN 120923-37-7] (=A1-1); [0134]
chlorimuron-ethyl [CAS RN 90982-32-4] (=A1-4); [0135]
ethametsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 97780-06-8] (=A1-8); [0136]
ethoxysulfuron [CAS RN 126801-58-9] (=A1-9); [0137]
flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN 144740-54-5] (=A1-12); [0138]
foramsulfuron [CAS RN 173159-57-4] (=A1-13); [0139]
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN 144550-36-7] (=A1-16); [0140]
mesosulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 208465-21-8] (=A1-17); [0141]
metsulfuron-methyl [CAS RN 74223-64-6] (=A1-18); [0142]
monosulfuron [CAS RN 155860-63-2] (=A1-19); [0143] nicosulfuron
[CAS RN 111991-09-4] (=A1-20); [0144] sulfosulfuron [CAS RN
141776-32-1] (=A1-28); [0145] thifensulfuron-methyl [CAS RN
79277-27-3] (=A1-29); [0146] tribenuron-methyl [CAS RN 101200-48-0]
(=A1-31); [0147]
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de (=A1-39); [0148]
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de sodium salt (=A1-41); [0149] (A1-83) or its sodium salt
(=A1-87); [0150] propoxycarbazone-sodium [CAS RN 181274-15-7]
(=A2-2); [0151] thiencarbazone-methyl [CAS RN 317815-83-1] (=A2-3);
[0152] florasulam [CAS RN 145701-23-1] (=A3-3); [0153] metosulam
[CAS RN 139528-85-1] (=A3-5); [0154] pyroxsulam [CAS RN
422556-08-9] (=A3-7) [0155] (A4-1); [0156] (A4-2); and [0157]
(A4-3).
[0158] ALS inhibitor herbicides which are especially preferably
used for control of unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris
(preferably sugar beet) growing areas in which the Beta vulgaris
(preferably sugar beet) plants contain an ALS protein encoded by an
endogenous ALS gene comprising an amino acid different from
tryptophan at position 569 and thereby providing tolerance against
the ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) according to this invention
belonging to group (A) are: [0159] amidosulfuron [CAS RN
120923-37-7] (=A1-1); [0160] foramsulfuron [CAS RN 173159-57-4]
(=A1-13); [0161] iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium [CAS RN 144550-36-7]
(=A1-16); [0162]
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de (=A1-39); [0163]
2-iodo-N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazinyl)carbamoyl]benzene-sulfonami-
de sodium salt A1-41; [0164] A1-83 or its sodium salt (=A1-87);
[0165] thiencarbazone-methyl [CAS RN 317815-83-1] (=A2-3).
[0166] Another ALS inhibitor herbicide which is preferably used for
control of unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris (preferably sugar
beet) growing areas in which the Beta vulgaris (preferably sugar
beet) plants contain an ALS protein encoded by an endogenous ALS
gene comprising an amino acid different from tryptophan at position
569 and thereby providing tolerance against the ALS inhibitor
herbicide(s) according to this invention belonging to group (B) is:
[0167] imazamox [CAS RN 114311-32-9] (=B1-2).
[0168] Another ALS inhibitor herbicide which is preferably used for
control of unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris (preferably sugar
beet) growing areas in which the Beta vulgaris (preferably sugar
beet) plants contain an ALS protein encoded by an endogenous ALS
gene comprising an amino acid different from tryptophan at position
569 and thereby providing tolerance against the ALS inhibitor
herbicide(s) according to this invention belonging to group (C) is:
[0169] bispyribac-sodium [CAS RN 125401-92-5] (=C1-1).
[0170] It is to be further understood that concerning all above
defined ALS inhibitor herbicides and where not already specified by
the respective CAS RN, all use forms, such as acids, and salts can
be applied according to the invention.
[0171] Additionally, the ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) to be used
according to the invention may comprise further components, for
example agrochemically active compounds of a different type of mode
of action and/or the formulation auxiliaries and/or additives
customary in crop protection, or may be used together with
these.
[0172] In a preferred embodiment, the herbicide combinations to be
used according to the invention comprise effective amounts of the
ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) belonging to groups (A), (B) and/or (C)
and/or have synergistic actions. The synergistic actions can be
observed, for example, when applying one or more ALS inhibitor
herbicide(s) belonging to groups (A), (B), and/or (C) together, for
example as a coformulation or as a tank mix; however, they can also
be observed when the active compounds are applied at different
times (splitting). It is also possible to apply the herbicides or
the herbicide combinations in a plurality of portions (sequential
application), for example pre-emergence applications followed by
post-emergence applications or early post-emergence applications
followed by medium or late post-emergence applications. Preference
is given here to the joint or almost simultaneous application of
the ALS-inhibitor herbicides belonging to groups (A), (B) and/or
(C) of the combination in question.
[0173] The synergistic effects permit a reduction of the
application rates of the individual ALS inhibitor herbicides, a
higher efficacy at the same application rate, the control of
species which were as yet uncontrolled (gaps), control of species
which are tolerant or resistant to individual ALS inhibitor
herbicides or to a number of ALS inhibitor herbicides, an extension
of the period of application and/or a reduction in the number of
individual applications required and--as a result for the
user--weed control systems which are more advantageous economically
and ecologically.
[0174] The herbicides to be used according to this invention are
all acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides (which might
alternatively and interchangeably also be named as "ALS inhibiting
herbicides") and thus inhibit protein biosynthesis in plants. The
application rate of the ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to
groups (A), (B) or (C) (as defined above) can vary within a wide
range, for example between 0.001 g and 1500 g of ai/ha (ai/ha means
here and below "active substance per hectare"=based on 100% pure
active compound). Applied at application rates of from 0.001 g to
1500 g of ai/ha, the herbicides belonging to classes A, B and C
according to this invention, preferably the compounds A1-1; A1-4;
A1-8; A1-9; A1-12; A1-13; A1-16; A1-17; A1-18; A1-19; A1-20; A1-28;
A1-29; A1-31; A1-39; A1-41; A1-83; A1-87; A2-2; A2-3; A3-3; A3-5;
A3-7, A4-3, control, when used by the pre- and post-emergence
method, a relatively wide spectrum of harmful plants, for example
of annual and perennial mono- or dicotyledonous weeds, and also of
unwanted crop plants (together also defined as "unwanted
vegetation).
[0175] In many applications according to the invention, the
application rates are generally lower, for example in the range of
from 0.001 g to 1000 g of ai/ha, preferably from 0.1 g to 500 g of
ai/ha, particularly preferably from 0.5 g to 250 g of ai/ha, and
even more preferably 1.0 g to 200 g of ai/ha. In cases where the
application of several ALS inhibitor herbicides is conducted, the
quantity represents the total quantity of all of the applied ALS
inhibitor herbicides.
[0176] For example, the combinations according to the invention of
ALS inhibitor herbicides (belonging to groups (A), (B) and/or (C))
allow the activity to be enhanced synergistically in a manner
which, by far and in an unexpected manner, exceeds the activities
which can be achieved using the individual ALS inhibitor herbicides
(belonging to groups (A), (B) and/or (C)).
[0177] For combinations of ALS inhibitor herbicides, the preferred
conditions are illustrated below.
[0178] Of particular interest according to present invention is the
use of herbicidal compositions for control of unwanted vegetation
in Beta vulgaris plants, preferably in sugar beet plants having a
content of the following ALS inhibitor herbicides: [0179]
(A1-1)+(A1-4); (A1-1)+(A1-8); (A1-1)+(A1-9); (A1-1)+(A1-12); [0180]
(A1-1)+(A1-13); (A1-1)+(A1-16); (A1-1)+(A1-17); (A1-1)+(A1-18);
[0181] (A1-1)+(A1-19); (A1-1)+(A1-20); (A1-1)+(A1-28);
(A1-1)+(A1-29); [0182] (A1-1)+(A1-31); (A1-1)+(A1-39);
(A1-1)+(A1-41); (A1-1)+(A1-83); [0183] (A1-1)+(A1-87);
(A1-1)+(A2-2); (A1-1)+(A2-3); (A1-1)+(A3-3); [0184] (A1-1)+(A3-5);
(A1-1)+(A3-7); (A1-1)+(A4-1); (A1-1)+(A4-2); (A1-1)+(A4-3); [0185]
(A1-4)+(A1-8); (A1-4)+(A1-9); (A1-4)+(A1-12); (A1-4)+(A1-13);
[0186] (A1-4)+(A1-16); (A1-4)+(A1-17); (A1-4)+(A1-18);
(A1-4)+(A1-19); [0187] (A1-4)+(A1-20); (A1-4)+(A1-28);
(A1-4)+(A1-29); (A1-4)+(A1-31); [0188] (A1-4)+(A1-39);
(A1-4)+(A1-41); (A1-4)+(A1-83); (A1-4)+(A1-87); [0189]
(A1-4)+(A2-2); (A1-4)+(A2-3); (A1-4)+(A3-3); (A1-4)+(A3-5); [0190]
(A1-4)+(A3-7); (A1-4)+(A4-1); (A1-4)+(A4-2); (A1-4)+(A4-3); [0191]
(A1-8)+(A1-9); (A1-8)+(A1-12); (A1-8)+(A1-13); (A1-8)+(A1-16);
[0192] (A1-8)+(A1-17); (A1-8)+(A1-18); (A1-8)+(A1-19);
(A1-8)+(A1-20); [0193] (A1-8)+(A1-28); (A1-8)+(A1-29);
(A1-8)+(A1-31); (A1-8)+(A1-39); [0194] (A1-8)+(A1-41);
(A1-8)+(A1-83); (A1-8)+(A1-87); (A1-8)+(A2-2); [0195]
(A1-8)+(A2-3); (A1-8)+(A3-3); (A1-8)+(A3-5); (A1-8)+(A3-7); [0196]
(A1-8)+(A4-1); (A1-8)+(A4-2); (A1-8)+(A4-3); [0197] (A1-9)+(A1-12);
(A1-9)+(A1-13); (A1-9)+(A1-16); (A1-9)+(A1-17); [0198]
(A1-9)+(A1-18); (A1-9)+(A1-19); (A1-9)+(A1-20); (A1-9)+(A1-28);
[0199] (A1-9)+(A1-29); (A1-9)+(A1-31); (A1-9)+(A1-39);
(A1-9)+(A1-41); [0200] (A1-9)+(A1-83); (A1-9)+(A1-87);
(A1-9)+(A2-2); (A1-9)+(A2-3); [0201] (A1-9)+(A3-3); (A1-9)+(A3-5);
(A1-9)+(A3-7); (A1-9)+(A4-1); [0202] (A1-9)+(A4-2); (A1-9)+(A4-3);
[0203] (A1-12)+(A1-13); (A1-12)+(A1-16); (A1-12)+(A1-17);
(A1-12)+(A1-18); [0204] (A1-12)+(A1-19); (A1-12)+(A1-20);
(A1-12)+(A1-28); (A1-12)+(A1-29); [0205] (A1-12)+(A1-31);
(A1-12)+(A1-39); (A1-12)+(A1-41); (A1-12)+(A1-83); [0206]
(A1-12)+(A1-87); (A1-12)+(A2-2); (A1-12)+(A2-3); (A1-12)+(A3-3);
[0207] (A1-12)+(A3-5); (A1-12)+(A3-7); (A1-12)+(A4-1);
(A1-12)+(A4-2); (A1-12)+(A4-3); [0208] (A1-13)+(A1-16);
(A1-13)+(A1-17); (A1-13)+(A1-18); (A1-13)+(A1-19); [0209]
(A1-13)+(A1-20); (A1-13)+(A1-28); (A1-13)+(A1-29); (A1-13)+(A1-31);
[0210] (A1-13)+(A1-39); (A1-13)+(A1-41); (A1-13)+(A1-83);
(A1-13)+(A1-87); [0211] (A1-13)+(A2-2); (A1-13)+(A2-3);
(A1-13)+(A3-3); (A1-13)+(A3-5); [0212] (A1-13)+(A3-7);
(A1-13)+(A4-1); (A1-13)+(A4-2); (A1-13)+(A4-3); [0213]
(A1-16)+(A1-17); (A1-16)+(A1-18); (A1-16)+(A1-19); (A1-16)+(A1-20);
[0214] (A1-16)+(A1-28); (A1-16)+(A1-29); (A1-16)+(A1-31);
(A1-16)+(A1-39); [0215] (A1-16)+(A1-41); (A1-16)+(A1-83);
(A1-16)+(A1-87); (A1-16)+(A2-2); [0216] (A1-16)+(A2-3);
(A1-16)+(A3-3); (A1-16)+(A3-5); (A1-16)+(A3-7); [0217]
(A1-16)+(A4-1); (A1-16)+(A4-2); (A1-16)+(A4-3); [0218]
(A1-17)+(A1-18); (A1-17)+(A1-19); (A1-17)+(A1-20); (A1-17)+(A1-28);
[0219] (A1-17)+(A1-29); (A1-17)+(A1-31); (A1-17)+(A1-39);
(A1-17)+(A1-41); [0220] (A1-17)+(A1-83); (A1-17)+(A1-87);
(A1-17)+(A2-2); (A1-17)+(A2-3); [0221] (A1-17)+(A3-3);
(A1-17)+(A3-5); (A1-17)+(A3-7); (A1-17)+(A4-1); [0222]
(A1-17)+(A4-2); (A1-17)+(A4-3); [0223] (A1-18)+(A1-19);
(A1-18)+(A1-20); (A1-18)+(A1-28); (A1-18)+(A1-29); [0224]
(A1-18)+(A1-31); (A1-18)+(A1-39); (A1-18)+(A1-41); (A1-18)+(A1-83);
[0225] (A1-18)+(A1-87); (A1-18)+(A2-2); (A1-18)+(A2-3);
(A1-18)+(A3-3); [0226] (A1-18)+(A3-5); (A1-18)+(A3-7);
(A1-18)+(A4-1); (A1-18)+(A4-2); [0227] (A1-18)+(A4-3); [0228]
(A1-19)+(A1-20); (A1-19)+(A1-28); (A1-19)+(A1-29); (A1-19)+(A1-31);
[0229] (A1-19)+(A1-39); (A1-19)+(A1-41); (A1-19)+(A1-83);
(A1-19)+(A1-87); [0230] (A1-19)+(A2-2); (A1-19)+(A2-3);
(A1-19)+(A3-3); (A1-19)+(A3-5); [0231] (A1-19)+(A3-7);
(A1-19)+(A4-1); (A1-19)+(A4-2); (A1-19)+(A4-3); [0232]
(A1-20)+(A1-28); (A1-20)+(A1-29); (A1-20)+(A1-31); (A1-20)+(A1-39);
[0233] (A1-20)+(A1-41); (A1-20)+(A1-83); (A1-20)+(A1-87);
(A1-20)+(A2-2); [0234] (A1-20)+(A2-3); (A1-20)+(A3-3);
(A1-20)+(A3-5); (A1-20)+(A3-7); [0235] (A1-20)+(A4-1);
(A1-20)+(A4-2); (A1-20)+(A4-3); [0236] (A1-28)+(A1-29);
(A1-28)+(A1-31); (A1-28)+(A1-39); (A1-28)+(A1-41); [0237]
(A1-28)+(A1-83); (A1-28)+(A1-87); (A1-28)+(A2-2); (A1-28)+(A2-3);
[0238] (A1-28)+(A3-3); (A1-28)+(A3-5); (A1-28)+(A3-7);
(A1-28)+(A4-1); [0239] (A1-28)+(A4-2); (A1-28)+(A4-3); [0240]
(A1-29)+(A1-31); (A1-29)+(A1-39); (A1-29)+(A1-41); (A1-29)+(A1-83);
[0241] (A1-29)+(A1-87); (A1-29)+(A2-2); (A1-29)+(A2-3);
(A1-29)+(A3-3); [0242] (A1-29)+(A3-5); (A1-29)+(A3-7);
(A1-29)+(A4-1); (A1-29)+(A4-2); (A1-29)+(A4-3); [0243]
(A1-31)+(A1-39); (A1-31)+(A1-41); (A1-31)+(A1-83); (A1-31)+(A1-87);
[0244] (A1-31)+(A2-2); (A1-31)+(A2-3); (A1-31)+(A3-3);
(A1-31)+(A3-5); [0245] (A1-31)+(A3-7); (A1-31)+(A4-1);
(A1-31)+(A4-2); (A1-31)+(A4-3); [0246] (A1-39)+(A1-41);
(A1-39)+(A1-83); (A1-39)+(A1-87); (A1-39)+(A2-2); [0247]
(A1-39)+(A2-3); (A1-39)+(A3-3); (A1-39)+(A3-5); (A1-39)+(A3-7);
[0248] (A1-39)+(A4-1); (A1-39)+(A4-2); (A1-39)+(A4-3); [0249]
(A1-41)+(A1-83); (A1-41)+(A1-87); (A1-41)+(A2-2); (A1-41)+(A2-3);
[0250] (A1-41)+(A3-3); (A1-41)+(A3-5); (A1-41)+(A3-7);
(A1-41)+(A4-1); [0251] (A1-41)+(A4-2); (A1-41)+(A4-3); [0252]
(A1-83)+(A2-2); (A1-83)+(A2-3); (A1-83)+(A3-3); (A1-83)+(A3-5);
[0253] (A1-83)+(A3-7); (A1-83)+(A4-1); (A1-83)+(A4-2);
(A1-83)+(A4-3); [0254] (A1-87)+(A2-2); (A1-87)+(A2-3);
(A1-87)+(A3-3); (A1-87)+(A3-5); [0255] (A1-87)+(A3-7);
(A1-87)+(A4-1); (A1-87)+(A4-2); (A1-87)+(A4-3); [0256]
(A2-2)+(A2-3); (A2-2)+(A3-3); (A2-2)+(A3-5); (A2-2)+(A3-7); [0257]
(A2-2)+(A4-1); (A2-2)+(A4-2); (A2-2)+(A4-3); [0258] (A2-3)+(A3-3);
(A2-3)+(A3-5); (A2-3)+(A3-7); [0259] (A2-3)+(A4-1); (A2-3)+(A4-2);
(A2-3)+(A4-3); [0260] (A3-3)+(A3-5); (A3-3)+(A3-7); [0261]
(A3-3)+(A4-1); (A3-3)+(A4-2); (A3-3)+(A4-3); [0262] (A3-5)+(A3-7);
(A3-5)+(A4-1); (A3-5)+(A4-2); (A3-5)+(A4-3); [0263] (A3-7)+(A4-1);
(A3-7)+(A4-2); (A3-7)+(A4-3); [0264] (A-1)+(A4-2); (A4-1)+(A4-3);
and [0265] (A4-2)+(A4-3);
[0266] Additionally, the ALS inhibitor herbicices to be used
according to the invention may comprise further components, for
example agrochemically active compounds of a different type of mode
of action and/or the formulation auxiliaries and/or additives
customary in crop protection, or may be used together with
these.
[0267] The ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) to be used according to the
invention or combinations of various such ALS inhibitor herbicides
may furthermore comprise various agrochemically active compounds,
for example from the group of the safeners, fungicides,
insecticides, or from the group of the formulation auxiliaries and
additives customary in crop protection.
[0268] In a further embodiment, the invention relates to the use of
effective amounts of ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) (i.e. members of
the groups (A), (B) and/or (C)) and non-ALS inhibitor herbicides
(i.e. herbicides showing a mode of action that is different to the
inhibition of the ALS enzyme [acetohydroxyacid synthase; EC
2.2.1.6] (group D herbicides) in order obtain synergistic effect
for the control of unwanted vegetation. Such synergistic actions
can be observed, for example, when applying one or more ALS
inhibitor herbicides (i.e. members of the groups (A), (B), and/or
(C)) and one or more non-ALS inhibitor herbicides (group D
herbicides) together, for example as a coformulation or as a tank
mix; however, they can also be observed when the active compounds
are applied at different times (splitting). It is also possible to
apply the ALS inhibitor herbicides and non-ALS inhibitor herbicides
in a plurality of portions (sequential application), for example
pre-emergence applications followed by post-emergence applications
or early post-emergence applications followed by medium or late
post-emergence applications. Preference is given here to the joint
or almost simultaneous application of the herbicides ((A), (B)
and/or (C)) and (0) of the combination in question.
[0269] Suitable partner herbicides to be applied together with ALS
inhibitor herbicides are, for example, the following herbicides
which differ structurally from the herbicides belonging to the
groups (A), (B), and (C) as defined above, preferably herbicidally
active compounds whose action is based on inhibition of, for
example, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, PS I, PS II, HPPDO,
phytoene desaturase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, glutamine
synthetase, cellulose biosynthesis, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate
3-phosphate synthetase, as described, for example, in Weed Research
26, 441-445 (1986), or "The Pesticide Manual", 14th edition, The
British Crop Protection Council, 2007, or 15.sup.th edition 2010,
or in the corresponding "e-Pesticide Manual", Version 5 (2010), in
each case published by the British Crop Protection Council,
(hereinbelow in short also "PM"), and in the literature cited
therein. Lists of common names are also available in "The
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names" on the internet. Herbicides
known from the literature (in brackets behind the common name
hereinafter also classified by the indicators D1 to D426), which
can be combined with ALS-inhibitor herbicides of groups (A), (B)
and/or (C) and to be used according to present invention are, for
example, the active compounds listed below: (note: the herbicides
are referred to either by the "common name" in accordance with the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or by the
chemical name, together where appropriate with a customary code
number, and in each case include all use forms, such as acids,
salts, esters and isomers, such as stereoisomers and optical
isomers, in particular the commercial form or the commercial forms,
unless the context indicates otherwise. The citation given is of
one use form and in some cases of two or more use forms):
acetochlor (=D1), acibenzolar (=D2), acibenzolar-S-methyl (=D3),
acifluorfen (=D4), acifluorfen-sodium (=D5), aclonifen (=D6),
alachlor (=D7), allidochlor (=D8), alloxydim (=D9),
alloxydim-sodium (=D10), ametryn (=D11), amicarbazone (=D12),
amidochior (=D13), aminocyclopyrachior (=D14), aminopyralid (=D15),
amitrole (=D16), ammonium sulfamate (=D17), ancymidol (=D18),
anilofos (=D19), asulam (=D20), atrazine (=D21), azafenidin (=D22),
aziprotryn (=D23), beflubutamid (=D24), benazolin (=D25),
benazolin-ethyl (=D26), bencarbazone (=D27), benfluralin (=D28),
benfuresate (=D29), bensulide (=D30), bentazone (=D31),
benzfendizone (=D32), benzobicyclon (=D33), benzofenap (=D34),
benzofluor (=D35), benzoylprop (=D36), bicyclopyrone (=D37),
bifenox (=D38), bilanafos (=D39), bilanafos-sodium (=D40), bromacil
(=D41), bromobutide (=D42), bromofenoxim (=D43), bromoxynil (=D44),
bromuron (=D45), buminafos (=D46), busoxinone (=D47), butachlor
(=D48), butafenacil (=D49), butamifos (=D50), butenachior (=D51),
butralin (=D52), butroxydim (=D53), butylate (=D54), cafenstrole
(=D55), carbetamide (=D56), carfentrazone (=D57),
carfentrazone-ethyl (=D58), chlomethoxyfen (=D59), chloramben
(=D60), chlorazifop (=D61), chlorazifop-butyl (=D62), chlorbromuron
(=D63), chlorbufam (=D64), chlorfenac (=D65), chlorfenac-sodium
(=D66), chlorfenprop (=D67), chlorflurenol (=D68),
chlorflurenol-methyl (=D69), chloridazon (=D70),
chlormequat-chloride (=D71), chlornitrofen (=D72), chlorophthalim
(=D73), chlorthal-dimethyl (=D74), chlorotoluron (=D75), cinidon
(=D76), cinidon-ethyl (=D77), cinmethylin (=D78), clethodim (=D79),
clodinafop (=D80), clodinafop-propargyl (=D81), clofencet (=D82),
clomazone (=D83), clomeprop (=D84), cloprop (=D85), clopyralid
(=D86), cloransulam (=D87), cloransulam-methyl (=D88), cumyluron
(=D89), cyanamide (=D90), cyanazine (=D91), cyclanilide (=D92),
cycloate (=D93), cycloxydim (=D94), cycluron (=D95), cyhalofop
(=D96), cyhalofop-butyl (=D97), cyperquat (=D98), cyprazine (=D99),
cyprazole (=D100), 2,4-D (=D101), 2,4-DB (=D102), daimuron/dymron
(=D103), dalapon (=D104), daminozide (=D105), dazomet (=0106),
n-decanol (=D-107), desmedipham (=D108), desmetryn (=D109),
detosyl-pyrazolate (=D110), diallate (=D111), dicamba (=D112),
dichlobenil (=D113), dichlorprop (=D114), dichlorprop-P (=D115),
diclofop (=D116), diclofop-methyl (=D117), diclofop-P-methyl
(=D118), diethatyl (=D119), diethatyl-ethyl (=D120), difenoxuron
(=D121), difenzoquat (=D122), diflufenican (=D123), diflufenzopyr
(=D124), diflufenzopyr-sodium (=D125), dimefuron (=D126),
dikegulac-sodium (=D127), dimefuron (=D128), dimepiperate (=D129),
dimethachior (=D130), dimethametryn (=D131), dimethenamid (=D132),
dimethenamid-P (=D133), dimethipin (=D134), dimetrasulfuron
(=D135), dinitramine (=D136), dinoseb (=D137), dinoterb (=D138),
diphenamid (=D139), dipropetryn (=D140), diquat (=D141),
diquat-dibromide (=D142), dithiopyr (=D143), diuron (=D144), DNOC
(=D145), eglinazine-ethyl (=D146), endothal (=D147), EPTC (=D148),
esprocarb (=D149), ethatfluralin (=D150), ethephon (=D151),
ethidimuron (=D152), ethiozin (=D153), ethofumesate (=D154),
ethoxyfen (=D155), ethoxyfen-ethyl (=D156), etobenzanid (=D157),
F-5331
(=2-Chlor-4-fluor-5-[4-(3-fluorpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yg-
-phenyl]-ethansulfonamid) (=D158), F-7967
(=3-[7-Chlor-5-fluor-2-(trifluormethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6--
(trifluormethyl)pyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dion) (=D159), fenoprop
(=D160), fenoxaprop (=D161), fenoxaprop-P (=D162), fenoxaprop-ethyl
(=D163), fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (=D164), fenoxasulfone (=D165),
fentrazamide (=D166), fenuron (=D167), flamprop (=D168),
flamprop-M-isopropyl (=D169), flamprop-M-methyl (=D170), fluazifop
(=D171), fluazifop-P (=D172), fluazifop-butyl (=D173),
fluazifop-P-butyl (=D174), fluazolate (=D175), fluchloralin
(=D176), flufenacet (thiafluamide) (=D177), flufenpyr (=D178),
flufenpyr-ethyl (=D179), flumetralin (=D180), flumiclorac (=D181),
flumiclorac-pentyl (=D182), flumioxazin (=D183), flumipropyn
(=D184), fluometuron (=D185), fluorodifen (=D186), fluoroglycofen
(=D187), fluoroglycofen-ethyl (=D188), flupoxam (=D189),
flupropacil (=D190), flupropanate (=D191), flurenol (=D192),
flurenol-butyl (=D193), fluridone (=D194), flurochloridone (=D195),
fluroxypyr (=D196), fluroxypyr-meptyl (=D197), flurprimidol
(=D198), flurtamone (=D199), fluthiacet (=D200), fluthiacet-methyl
(=D201), fluthiamide (=D202), fomesafen (=203), forchlorfenuron
(=D204), fosamine D205), furyloxyfen (=D206), gibberellic acid
(=D207), glufosinate (=D208), glufosinate-ammonium (=D209),
glufosinate-P (=D210), glufosinate-P-ammonium (=D211),
glufosinate-P-sodium (=D212), glyphosate (=D213),
glyphosate-isopropylammonium (=D214), H-9201
(.dbd.O-(2,4-Dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)-O-ethyl-isopropylphosphoramidothioat-
) (=D215), halosafen (=D216), haloxyfop (=D217), haloxyfop-P
(=D218), haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl (=D219), haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl
(=D220), haloxyfop-methyl (=D221), haloxyfop-P-methyl (=D222),
hexazinone (=D223), HW-02
(=1-(Dimethoxyphosphoryl)-ethyl(2,4-dichlorphenoxy)acetate)
(=D224), inabenfide (=D225), indanofan (=D226), indaziflam (=D227),
indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) (=D228), 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid (IBA)
(=D229), ioxynil (=D230), ipfencarbazone (=D231), isocarbamid
(=D232), isopropalin (=D233), isoproturon (=D234), isouron (=D235),
isoxaben (=D236), isoxachlortole (=D237), isoxaflutole (=D238),
isoxapyrifop (=D239), KUH-043
(=3-({[5-(Difluormethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]meth-
yl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol) (=D240),
karbutilate (=D241), ketospiradox D242), lactofen (=D243), lenacil
(=D244), linuron (=D245), male is hydrazide (=D246), MCPA (=D247),
MCPB (=D248), MCPB-methyl, -ethyl and -sodium (=D249), mecoprop
(=0250), mecoprop-sodium (=D251), mecoprop-butotyl (=D252),
mecoprop-P-butotyl (=D253), mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium (=D254),
mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl (=D255), mecoprop-P-potassium (=D256),
mefenacet (=D257), mefluidide (=D258), mepiquat-chloride (=D259),
mesotrione (=D260), methabenzthiazuron (=D261), metam (=D262),
metamifop (=D263), metamitron (=D264), metazachlor (=D265),
metazole (=D266), methiopyrsulfuron (=D267), methiozolin (=D268),
methoxyphenone (=D269), methyldymron (=D270), 1-methylcyclopropen
(=D271), methylisothiocyanat (=D272), metobenzuron (=D273),
metobromuron (=D274), metolachlor (=D275), S-metolachlor (=D-276),
metoxuron (=D277), metribuzin (=D278), molinate (=D279), monalide
(=D280), monocarbamide (=D281), monocarbamide-dihydrogensulfate
(=D282), monolinuron (=D283), monosulfuron-ester (=D284), monuron
(=D285), MT-128
(=6-Chlor-N-[(2E)-3-chlorprop-2-en-1-yl]-5-methyl-N-phenylpyridazin-3-ami-
ne) (=D286), MT-5950
(.dbd.N-[3-Chlor-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenyl]-2-methylpentanamide)
(=D287), NGGC-011 (=D288), naproanilide (=D289), napropamide
(=D290), naptalam (=D291), NC-310
(=4-(2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl)-1-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazole) (=D292),
neburon (=D293), nipyraclofen (=D294), nitralin (=D295), nitrofen
(=D296), nitrophenolat-sodium (isomer mixture) (=D297),
nitrofluorfen (=D298), nonanoic acid (=D299), norflurazon (=0300),
orbencarb (=D301), oryzalin (=D302), oxadiargyl (=D303), oxadiazon
(=D304), oxaziclomefone (=D305), oxyfluorfen (=D306), paclobutrazol
(=D307), paraquat (=D308), paraquat-dichloride (=D309), pelargonic
acid (nonanoic acid) (=D310), pendimethalin (=D311), pendralin
(=D312), pentanochlor (=D313), pentoxazone (=D314), perfluidone
(=D315), pethoxamid (=D317), phenisopham (=D318), phenmedipham
(=D319), phenmedipham-ethyl (=D320), picloram (=D321), picolinafen
(=D322), pinoxaden (=D323), piperophos (=D324), pirifenop (=D325),
pirifenop-butyl (=D326), pretilachlor (=D327), probenazole (=D328),
profluazol (=D329), procyazine (=D330), prodiamine (=D331),
prifluraline (=D332), profoxydim (=D333), prohexadione (=D334),
prohexadione-calcium (=D335), prohydrojasmone (=D336), prometon
(=D337), prometryn (=D338), propachlor (=D339), propanil (=D340),
propaquizafop (=D341), propazine (=D342), propham (=D343),
propisochlor (=D344), propyzamide (=D345), prosulfalin (=D346),
prosulfocarb (=D347), prynachlor (=D348), pyraclonil (=D349),
pyraflufen (=D350), pyraflufen-ethyl (=D351), pyrasulfotole
(=D352), pyrazolynate (pyrazolate) (=D353), pyrazoxyfen (=D354),
pyribambenz (=D355), pyributicarb (=D356), pyridafol (=D357),
pyridate (=D358), pyriminobac (=D359), pyrimisulfan (=D360),
pyroxasulfone (=D361), quinclorac (=D362), quinmerac (=D363),
quinoclamine (=D364), quizalofop (=D365), quizalofop-ethyl (=D366),
quizalofop-P (=D367), quizalofop-P-ethyl (=D368),
quizalofop-P-tefuryl (=D369), saflufenacil (=D370), secbumeton
(=D371), sethoxydim (=D372), siduron (=D373), simazine (=D374),
simetryn (=D375), SN-106279
(=Methyl-(2R)-2-({7-[2-chlor-4-(trifluormethyl)phenoxy]-2-naphthyl}oxy)-p-
ropanoate) (=D376), sulcotrione (=D377), sulfallate (CDEC) (=D378),
sulfentrazone (=D379), sulfosate (glyphosate-trimesium) (=D380),
SYN-523 (=D381), SYP-249
(=1-Ethoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobut-3-en-2-yl-5-[2-chlor-4-(trifluormethyl)pheno-
xy]-2-nitrobenzoate) (=D382), tebutam D383), tebuthiuron (=D384),
tecnazene (=D385), tefuryltrione (=D386), tembotrione (=D387),
tepraloxydim (=D388), terbacil (=D389), terbucarb (=D390),
terbuchlor (=D391), terbumeton (=D392), terbuthylazine (=D393),
terbutryn (=D394), thenylchlor (=D395), thiafluamide (=D396),
thiazafluron (=D397), thiazopyr (=D398), thidiazimin (=D399),
thidiazuron (=D400), thiobencarb (=D401), tiocarbazil (=0402),
topramezone (=D403), tralkoxydim (=D404), triallate (=D405),
triaziflam (=0406), triazofenamide (=D407), trichloracetic acid
(TCA) (=D408), triclopyr (=D409), tridiphane (=D410), trietazine
(=D411), trifluralin (=D412), trimeturon (=D413), trinexapac
(=D414), trinexapac-ethyl (=D415), tsitodef (=D416), uniconazole
(=D417), uniconazole-P (=D418), vemolate (=D419), ZJ-0862
(=3,4-Dichlor-N-{2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline)
(=D420), and the below compounds defined by their chemical
structure, respectively:
##STR00008##
[0270] Preferably, further herbicides which differ structurally and
via their mode of action from the ALS inhibitor herbicides
belonging to the groups (A), (B), and (C) as defined above and to
be applied according to the present invention for control of
unwanted vegetation in ALS inhibitor herbicide tolerant Beta
vulgaris plants, preferably sugar beet plants comprising a mutation
in codon 1705-1707 of an endogenous ALS gene encoding an ALS
protein containing an amino acid that is different from tryptophan
at position 569, preferably the tryptophan of the wild-type ALS
protein is substituted by a leucine at position 569. In connection
with ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to the groups (A), (B), and
(C) are those belonging to the group of: [0271] chloridazon (=D70),
clethodim (=D79), clodinafop (=D80), clodinafop-propargyl (=D81),
clopyralid (=D86), cycloxydim (=D94), desmedipham (=D108),
dimethenamid (=D132), dimethenamid-P (=0133), ethofumesate (=D154),
fenoxaprop (=D161), fenoxaprop-P (=D162), fenoxaprop-ethyl (=D163),
fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (=D164), fluazifop (=D171), fluazifop-P (=D172),
fluazifop-butyl (=D173), fluazifop-P-butyl (=D174), glufosinate
(=D208), glufosinate-ammonium (=D209), glufosinate-P (=D210),
glufosinate-P-ammonium (=D211), glufosinate-P-sodium (=D212),
glyphosate (=D213), glyphosate-isopropylammonium (=D214), haloxyfop
(=D217), haloxyfop-P (=D218), haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl (=D219),
haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl (=D220), haloxyfop-methyl (=D221),
haloxyfop-P-methyl (=D222), lenacil (=D244), metamitron (=D264),
phenmedipham (=D319), phenmedipham-ethyl (=D320), propaquizafop
(=D341), quinmerac (=D363), quizalofop (=D365), quizalofop-ethyl
(=0366), quizalofop-P (=D367), quizalofop-P-ethyl (=D368),
quizalofop-P-tefuryl (=D369), sethoxydim (=D372).
[0272] Even more preferably, further herbicides which differ from
the ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to the groups (A), (B), and
(C) as defined above and to be applied according to the invention
in connection with ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to the groups
(A), (B), and (C) are those belonging to the group of: desmedipham
(=D108), ethofumesate (=D154), glufosinate (=D208),
glufosinate-ammonium (=D209), glufosinate-P (=D210),
glufosinate-P-ammonium (=D211), glufosinate-P-sodium (=D212),
glyphosate (=D213), glyphosate-isopropylammonium (=D214), lenacil
(=D244), metamitron (=D264), phenmedipham (=D319),
phenmedipham-ethyl (=D320).
[0273] Mixtures containing ALS inhibitor herbicides and non-ALS
inhibitor herbicides, compositions comprising mixtures of one or
more ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) (compounds belonging to one or more
of groups (A), (B) and (C)) and non-ALS inhibitor herbicide(s)
(group (D) members; as defined above) that are of very particular
interest in order to be used according to present invention for
control of unwanted vegetation are: [0274] (A1-1)+(D108);
(A1-1)+(D154); (A1-1)+(D208); (A1-1)+(D209); [0275] (A1-1)+(D210);
(A1-1)+(D212); (A1-1)+(D213); (A1-1)+(D214); [0276] (A1-1)+(D244);
(A1-1)+(0264); (A1-1)+(0319); (A1-1)+(D320). [0277] (A1-13)+(D108);
(A1-13)+(D154); (A1-13)+(D208); (A1-13)+(D209); [0278]
(A1-13)+(D210); (A1-13)+(D212); (A1-13)+(D213); (A1-13)+(0214);
[0279] (A1-13)+(D244); (A1-13)+(D264); (A1-13)+(D319);
(A1-13)+(D320). [0280] (A1-16)+(D108); (A1-16)+(D154);
(A1-16)+(0208); (A1-16)+(D209); [0281] (A1-16)+(D210);
(A1-16)+(D212); (A1-16)+(D213); (A1-16)+(0214); [0282]
(A1-16)+(D244); (A1-16)+(D264); (A1-16)+(D319); (A1-16)+(D320).
[0283] (A1-39)+(D108); (A1-39)+(D154); (A1-39)+(D208);
(A1-39)+(D209); [0284] (A1-39)+(D210); (A1-39)+(0212);
(A1-39)+(0213); (A1-39)+(D214); [0285] (A1-39)+(D244);
(A1-39)+(D264); (A1-39)+(D319); (A1-39)+(D320). [0286]
(A1-41)+(D108); (A1-41)+(0154); (A1-41)+(D208); (A1-41)+(0209);
[0287] (A1-41)+(D210); (A1-41)+(D212); (A1-41)+(D213);
(A1-41)+(D214); [0288] (A1-41)+(D244); (A1-41)+(D264);
(A1-41)+(D319); (A1-41)+(D320). [0289] (A1-83)+(0108);
(A1-83)+(0154); (A1-83)+(D208); (A1-83)+(D209); [0290]
(A1-83)+(D210); (A1-83)+(D212); (A1-83)+(D213); (A1-83)+(D214);
[0291] (A1-83)+(D244); (A1-83)+(D264); (A1-83)+(D319);
(A1-83)+(D320). [0292] (A1-87)+(D108); (A1-87)+(0154);
(A1-87)+(D208); (A1-87)+(D209); [0293] (A1-87)+(D210);
(A1-87)+(D212); (A1-87)+(0213); (A1-87)+(D214); [0294]
(A1-87)+(D244); (A1-87)+(D264); (A1-87)+(0319); (A1-87)+(D320).
[0295] (A2-3)+(D108); (A2-3)+(D154); (A2-3)+(D208); (A2-3)+(0209);
[0296] (A2-3)+(D210); (A2-3)+(D212); (A2-3)+(D213); (A2-3)+(D214);
[0297] (A2-3)+(D244); (A2-3)+(D264); (A2-3)+(D319); (A2-3)+(0320).
[0298] (B1-2)+(D108); (B1-2)+(D154); (B1-2)+(D208); (B1-2)+(D209);
[0299] (B1-2)+(D210); (B1-2)+(D212); (B1-2)+(D213); (B1-2)+(D214);
[0300] (B1-2)+(D244); (B1-2)+(D264); (B1-2)+(D319); (B1-2)+(D320).
[0301] (C1-1)+(D108); (C1-1)+(D154); (C1-1)+(D208); (C1-1)+(D209);
[0302] (C1-1)+(D210); (C1-1)+(D212); (C1-1)+(D213); (C1-1)+(D214);
[0303] (C1-1)+(D244); (C1-1)+(0264); (C1-1)+(D319);
(C1-1)+(D320).
[0304] The application of ALS inhibitor herbicides also act
efficiently on perennial weeds which produce shoots from rhizomes,
root stocks and other perennial organs and which are difficult to
control. Here, the substances can be applied, for example, by the
pre-sowing method, the pre-emergence method or the post-emergence
method, for example jointly or separately. Preference is given, for
example, to application by the post-emergence method, in particular
to the emerged harmful plants.
[0305] Specific examples may be mentioned of some representatives
of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora which can be
controlled by the ALS inhibitor herbicides, without the enumeration
being restricted to certain species.
[0306] Examples of weed species on which the application according
to present invention act efficiently are, from amongst the
monocotyledonous weed species, Avena spp., Alopecurus spp., Apera
spp., Brachiaria spp., Bromus spp., Digitaria spp., Lolium spp.,
Echinochloa spp., Panicum spp., Phalaris spp., Poa spp., Setaria
spp. and also Cyperus species from the annual group, and, among the
perennial species, Agropyron, Cynodon, Imperata and Sorghum and
also perennial Cyperus species.
[0307] In the case of the dicotyledonous weed species, the spectrum
of action extends to genera such as, for example, Abutilon spp.,
Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp., Chrysanthemum spp., Galium spp.,
Ipomoea spp., Kochia spp., Lamium spp., Matricaria spp., Pharbitis
spp., Polygonum spp., Sida spp., Sinapis spp., Solanum spp.,
Stellaria spp., Veronica spp. and Viola spp., Xanthium spp., among
the annuals, and Convolvulus, Cirsium, Rumex and Artemisia in the
case of the perennial weeds.
[0308] It is preferred that the Beta vulgaris plant, preferably
sugar beet plant, to which one or more ALS inhibitor herbicide(s)
alone or in combination with one or more herbicide(s) that do(es)
not belong to the class of ALS inhibitor herbicides are applied for
control of unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris, preferably in
sugar beet growing areas in which Beta vulgaris plants, preferably
sugar beet comprise a mutation in codon 1705-1707 of an endogenous
ALS gene encoding an ALS protein containing an amino acid that is
different from tryptophan at position 569, is orthoploid or
anorthoploid. Herein, an orthoploid plant may preferably be
haploid, diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, octaploid, decaploid or
dodecaploid, while an anorthoploid plant may preferably be triploid
or pentaploid.
[0309] As used herein unless clearly indicated otherwise, the term
"plant" intended to mean a plant at any developmental stage.
[0310] It might be, that--depending on the respective genetic
background--Beta vulgaris plants of the same genetic background in
which such mutation is only heterozygously present, the herbicide
tolerant Beta vulgaris plants which are homozygous for the
non-transgenic mutation of the endegenous ALS gene reveal a better
agronomical level of ALS inhibitor herbicide tolerance.
[0311] In this context "homozygous" indicates that a plant of the
present invention has two copies of the same allele on different
DNA strands, in particular at the ALS gene locus.
[0312] Accordingly, when used herein the term "heterozygous" or
"heterozygously" means that a plant of the present invention has
different alleles at a particular locus, in particular at the ALS
gene locus.
[0313] Therefore, present invention relates to the use of one or
more ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) alone or in combination with one or
more non-ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) for weed control in Beta
vulgaris, preferably in sugar beet growing areas in which the Beta
vulgaris plants, preferably sugar beet plants comprise a mutation
in codon 1705-1707 of an endogenous ALS gene encoding an ALS
protein containing an amino acid that is different from tryptophan
at position 569, preferably the tryptophan of the wild-type ALS
protein is substituted by a leucine at position 569. This
respective mutation at position 1705-1707 of the endogeneous ALS
gene can be heterozygously present, and can preferably be the sole
mutation of the ALS gene. More preferably, the respective mutation
can be homozygously present, and most preferably, the respective
mutation is homozygously present as the sole mutation of the
endogenous ALS gene.
[0314] Owing to their herbicidal and plant growth-regulatory
properties, ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to one or more of
the groups (A), (B), and (C) either alone or in combination with
non-ALS inhibitor herbicides can be employed for controlling
harmful plants in known Beta vulgaris, preferably sugar beet plants
but also in tolerant or genetically modified crop plants that do
already exists or need still to be developed. In general, the
transgenic plants are distinguished by specific advantageous
properties, in addition to tolerances to the ALS inhibitor
herbicides according to the invention, for example, by tolerances
to non-ALS inhibitor herbicides, resistances to plant diseases or
the causative organisms of plant diseases such as certain insects
or microorganisms, such as funghi, bacteria or viruses. Other
specific characteristics relate, for example, to the harvested
material with regard to quantity, quality, storability, composition
and specific constituents. Thus, transgenic plants are known whose
starch content is increased, or whose starch quality is altered, or
those where the harvested material has a different fatty acid
composition.
[0315] Conventional methods of generating novel plants which have
modified properties in comparison to plants occurring to date
consist, for example, in traditional breeding methods and the
generation of mutants. Alternatively, novel plants with altered
properties can be generated with the aid of recombinant methods
(see, for example, EP-A-0221044, EP-A-0131624). For example, the
following have been described in several cases: [0316] the
modification, by recombinant technology, of crop plants with the
aim of modifying the starch synthesized in the plants (for example
WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806), [0317] transgenic crop
plants which exhibit tolerance to non-ALS inhibitor herbicides,
[0318] transgenic crop plants with the capability of producing
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins), which make the plants
resistant to certain pests (EP-A-0142924, EP-A-0193259), [0319]
transgenic crop plants with a modified fatty acid composition (WO
91/13972).
[0320] A large number of techniques in molecular biology are known
in principle with the aid of which novel transgenic plants with
modified properties can be generated; see, for example, Sambrook et
al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2.sup.nd
Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor,
N.Y.; or Winnacker "Gene and Klone", VCH Weinheim 2.sup.nd Edition
1996 or Christou, "Trends in Plant Science" 1 (1996) 423-431).
[0321] To carry out such recombinant manipulations, nucleic acid
molecules which allow mutagenesis or sequence changes by
recombination of DNA sequences can be introduced into plasmids. For
example, the abovementioned standard methods allow base exchanges
to be carried out, subsequences to be removed, or natural or
synthetic sequences to be added. To connect the DNA fragments to
each other, adapters or linkers may be added to the fragments.
[0322] For example, the generation of plant cells with a reduced
activity of a gene product can be achieved by expressing at least
one corresponding antisense RNA, a sense RNA for achieving a
cosuppression effect or by expressing at least one suitably
constructed ribozyme which specifically cleaves transcripts of the
abovementioned gene product.
[0323] To this end, it is possible to use DNA molecules which
encompass the entire coding sequence of a gene product inclusive of
any flanking sequences which may be present, and also DNA molecules
which only encompass portions of the coding sequence, it being
necessary for these portions to be long enough to have an antisense
effect in the cells. The use of DNA sequences which have a high
degree of homology to the coding sequences of a gene product, but
are not completely identical to them, is also possible.
[0324] When expressing nucleic acid molecules in plants, the
protein synthesized can be localized in any desired compartment of
the plant cell. However, to achieve localization in a particular
compartment, it is possible, for example, to link the coding region
with DNA sequences which ensure localization in a particular
compartment. Such sequences are known to those skilled in the art
(see, for example, Braun et al., EMBO J. 11 (1992), 3219-3227;
Wolter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988), 846-850;
Sonnewald et al., Plant J. 1 (1991), 95-106).
[0325] The transgenic plant cells can be regenerated by known
techniques to give rise to entire plants. Thus, transgenic Beta
vulgaris plants, preferably sugar beet plants can be obtained whose
properties are altered by overexpression, suppression or inhibition
of homologous (=natural) genes or gene sequences or the expression
of heterologous (=foreign) genes or gene sequences.
[0326] The present invention furthermore provides a method for
controlling unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris plants, preferably
in sugar beet, which comprises applying one or more ALS inhibitor
herbicides belonging to groups (A), (B) and/or (C) to the plants
(for example harmful plants, such as monocotyledonous or
dicotyledonous weeds or unwanted crop plants), the seed (seeds or
vegetative propagation organs, such as tubers or shoot parts) or to
the area in which the plants grow (for example the area under
cultivation), for example together or separately.
[0327] The present invention furthermore provides a method for
controlling unwanted vegetation in Beta vulgaris plants, preferably
in sugar beet, which comprises applying one or more ALS inhibitor
herbicide(s) belonging to groups (A), (B) and/or (C) alone or in
combination with non-ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to class
(D) compound according to the invention to the plants (for example
harmful plants, such as monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds or
unwanted crop plants), the seed (seeds or vegetative propagation
organs, such as tubers or shoot parts) or to the area in which the
plants grow (for example the area under cultivation), for example
together or separately. One or more non-ALS inhibitor herbicides
may be applied in combination with one or more ALS inhibitor
herbicide(s) before, after or simultaneously with the ALS inhibitor
herbicide(s) to the plants, the seed or the area in which the
plants grow (for example the area under cultivation).
[0328] "Unwanted plants" or "unwanted vegetation" are to be
understood as meaning all plants which grow in locations where they
are unwanted. This can, for example, be harmful plants (for example
monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds or unwanted crop
plants).
[0329] The herbicide combinations to be used according to the
invention can be prepared by known processes, for example as mixed
formulations of the individual components, if appropriate with
further active compounds, additives and/or customary formulation
auxiliaries, which combinations are then applied in a customary
manner diluted with water, or as tank mixes by joint dilution of
the components, formulated separately or formulated partially
separately, with water. Also possible is the split application of
the separately formulated or partially separately formulated
individual components.
[0330] It is also possible to apply ALS inhibitor herbicides or the
combination comprising ALS inhibitor herbicide(s) and non-ALS
inhibitor herbicide(s) in a plurality of portions (sequential
application) using, for example, pre-emergence applications
followed by post-emergence applications or using early
post-emergence applications followed by medium or late
post-emergence applications. Preference is given here to the joint
or almost simultaneous application of the active compounds of the
combination in question.
[0331] The herbicides belonging to any of the above defined groups
(A), (B), (C) and (D) and to be applied according to present
invention can be converted jointly or separately into customary
formulations, such as solutions, emulsions suspensions, powders,
foams, pastes, granules, aerosols, natural and synthetic materials
impregnated with active compound and microencapsulations in
polymeric materials. The formulations may comprise the customary
auxiliaries and additives.
[0332] These formulations are produced in a known manner, for
example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is
liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and/or solid carriers,
if appropriate with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers
and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers.
[0333] If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use,
for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Suitable
liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene,
toluene, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes, or
methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or
paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable
oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and ethers and esters
thereof, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl
isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as
dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, and also water.
[0334] Suitable solid carriers are: for example ammonium salts and
ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk,
quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and
ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina
and silicates; suitable solid carriers for granules are: for
example crushed and fractionated natural rocks, such as calcite,
marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and also synthetic granules
of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material,
such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks;
suitable emulsifiers and/or foam formers are: for example nonionic
and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters,
polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl
polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates
and also protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are: for
example lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
[0335] Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and
synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices,
such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, and
also natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins and
synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations. Other
possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils.
[0336] The herbicidal action of the herbicide combinations to be
used according to the invention can be improved, for example, by
surfactants, preferably by wetting agents from the group of the
fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers. The fatty alcohol polyglycol
ethers preferably comprise 10-18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol
radical and 2-20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol ether
moiety. The fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers may be present in
nonionic form, or ionic form, for example in the form of fatty
alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, which may be used, for example,
as alkali metal salts (for example sodium salts and potassium
salts) or ammonium salts, or even as alkaline earth metal salts,
such as magnesium salts, such as C.sub.12/C.sub.14-fatty alcohol
diglycol ether sulfate sodium (Genapol.RTM. LRO, Clariant GmbH);
see, for example, EP-A-0476555, EP-A-0048436, EP-A-0336151 or U.S.
Pat. No. 4,400,196 and also Proc. EWRS Symp. "Factors Affecting
Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity", 227-232 (1988). Nonionic
fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are, for example,
(C.sub.10-C.sub.18)-, preferably (C.sub.10-C.sub.14)-fatty alcohol
polyglycol ethers (for example isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol
ethers) which comprise, for example, 2--20, preferably 3--15,
ethylene oxide units, for example those from the Genapol.RTM.
X-series, such as Genapol.RTM. X-030, Genapol.RTM. X-060,
Genapol.RTM. X-080 or Genapol.RTM. X-150 (all from Clariant GmbH).
The present invention further comprises the combination of ALS
inhibitor herbicides belonging to any of the groups (A), (B), and
(C) according to present invention with the wetting agents
mentioned above from the group of the fatty alcohol polyglycol
ethers which preferably contain 10-18 carbon atoms in the fatty
alcohol radical and 2-20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol
ether moiety and which may be present in nonionic or ionic form
(for example as fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates).
Preference is given to C.sub.12/C.sub.14-fatty alcohol diglycol
ether sulfate sodium (Genapol.RTM. LRO, Clariant GmbH) and
isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol ether having 3-15 ethylene oxide
units, for example from the Genapol.RTM. X-series, such as
Genapol.RTM. X-030, Genapol.RTM. X-060, Genapol.RTM. X-080 and
Genapol.RTM. X-150 (all from Clariant GmbH). Furthermore, it is
known that fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, such as nonionic or
ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (for example fatty alcohol
polyglycol ether sulfates) are also suitable for use as penetrants
and activity enhancers for a number of other herbicides (see, for
example, EP-A-0502014).
[0337] Furthermore, it is known that fatty alcohol polyglycol
ethers, such as nonionic or ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers
(for example fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates) are also
suitable for use as penetrants and activity enhancers for a number
of other herbicides (see, for example, EP-A-0502014).
[0338] The herbicidal action of the herbicide combinations
according to the invention can also be enhanced by using vegetable
oils. The term vegetable oils is to be understood as meaning oils
of oleaginous plant species, such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil,
corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, coconut oil,
palm oil, thistle oil or castor oil, in particular rapeseed oil,
and also their transesterification products, for example alkyl
esters, such as rapeseed oil methyl ester or rapeseed oil ethyl
ester.
[0339] The vegetable oils are preferably esters of
C.sub.10-C.sub.22--, preferably C.sub.12-C.sub.20--, fatty acids.
The C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty acid esters are, for example, esters of
unsaturated or saturated C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty acids, in
particular those having an even number of carbon atoms, for example
erucic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and in particular
C.sub.18-fatty acids, such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic
acid or linolenic acid.
[0340] Examples of C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty acid esters are esters
obtained by reacting glycerol or glycol with the
C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty acids contained, for example, in oils of
oleaginous plant species, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl-C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty acid esters which
can be obtained, for example, by transesterification of the
aforementioned glycerol- or glycol-C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty acid
esters with C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alcohols (for example methanol,
ethanol, propanol or butanol). The transesterification can be
carried out by known methods as described, for example, in Rompp
Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Volume 2, page 1343, Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart.
[0341] Preferred C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl-C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty
acid esters are methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, butyl
esters, 2-ethylhexyl esters and dodecyl esters. Preferred glycol-
and glycerol-C.sub.10-C22-fatty acid esters are the uniform or
mixed glycol esters and glycerol esters of C.sub.10-C.sub.22-fatty
acids, in particular fatty acids having an even number of carbon
atoms, for example erucic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and, in
particular, C.sub.18-fatty acids, such as stearic acid, oleic acid,
linoleic acid or linolenic acid.
[0342] In the herbicidal compositions to be used according to the
invention, the vegetable oils can be present, for example, in the
form of commercially available oil-containing formulation
additives, in particular those based on rapeseed oil, such as
Hasten.RTM. (Victorian Chemical Company, Australia, hereinbelow
referred to as Hasten, main ingredient: rapeseed oil ethyl ester),
Actirob.RTM.B (Novance, France, hereinbelow referred to as
ActirobB, main ingredient: rapeseed oil methyl ester),
Rako-Binol.RTM. (Bayer AG, Germany, hereinbelow referred to as
Rako-Binol, main ingredient: rapeseed oil), Renol.RTM. (Stefes,
Germany, hereinbelow referred to as Renol, vegetable oil
ingredient: rapeseed oil methyl ester) or Stefes Mero.RTM. (Stefes,
Germany, hereinbelow referred to as Mero, main ingredient: rapeseed
oil methyl ester).
[0343] In a further embodiment, herbicidal combinations to be used
according to present invention can be formulated with the vegetable
oils mentioned above, such as rapeseed oil, preferably in the form
of commercially available oil-containing formulation additives, in
particular those based on rapeseed oil, such as Hasten.RTM.
(Victorian Chemical Company, Australia, hereinbelow referred to as
Hasten, main ingredient: rapeseed oil ethyl ester), Actirob.RTM.B
(Novance, France, hereinbelow referred to as ActirobB, main
ingredient: rapeseed oil methyl ester), Rako-Binol.RTM. (Bayer AG,
Germany, hereinbelow referred to as Rako-Binol, main ingredient:
rapeseed oil), Renol.RTM. (Stefes, Germany, hereinbelow referred to
as Renol, vegetable oil ingredient: rapeseed oil methyl ester) or
Stefes Mero.RTM. (Stefes, Germany, hereinbelow referred to as Mero,
main ingredient: rapeseed oil methyl ester).
[0344] It is possible to use colorants, such as inorganic pigments,
for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian Blue, and organic
dyes, such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine
dyes, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron,
copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
[0345] The formulations to be used according to present invention
generally comprise from 0.1 to 95% by weight of active compounds,
preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight.
[0346] As such or in their formulations, the ALS inhibitor
herbicides belonging to any of the above defined groups (A), (B),
and (C) can also be used as a mixture with other agrochemically
active compounds, such as known non-ALS inhibitor herbicides, for
controlling unwanted vegetation, for example for controlling weeds
or for controlling unwanted crop plants, finished formulations or
tank mixes, for example, being possible.
[0347] The use of a mixture of ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging
to any of the above defined groups (A), (B), and (C) with other
known active compounds, such as fungicides, insecticides,
acaricides, nematicides, safeners, bird repellents, plant nutrients
and soil structure improvers is likewise possible.
[0348] The ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to any of the above
defined groups (A), (B), (C) can be used as such, in the form of
their formulations or in the use forms prepared therefrom by
further dilution, such as ready-to-use solutions, suspensions,
emulsions, powders, pastes and granules. Application is carried out
in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying,
atomizing, broadcasting.
[0349] According to the invention, one or more of the ALS inhibitor
herbicides belonging to any of the above defined groups (A), (B),
and (C) can be applied either alone or in combination with one or
more non-ALS inhibitor herbicides belonging to group (D) to the
plants (for example harmful plants, such as monocotyledonous or
dicotyledonous weeds or unwanted crop plants), the seed (for
example grains, seeds or vegetative propagation organs, such as
tubers or shoot parts with buds) or the area under cultivation (for
example the soil), preferably to the green plants and parts of
plants and, if appropriate, additionally the soil. One possible use
is the joint application of the active compounds in the form of
tank mixes, where the optimally formulated concentrated
formulations of the individual active compounds are, together,
mixed in a tank with water, and the spray liquor obtained is
applied.
Biological Examples
[0350] Selection for obtaining ALS inhibitor tolerant Beta vulgaris
plants
[0351] The making, selection and propagation of the respective ALS
inhibitor herbicide tolerant Beta vulgaris mutants and their
progenies that were used in all the biological examples disclosed
subsequently is described in detail in the European Patent
Application having the title "ALS inhibitor herbicide tolerant Beta
vulgaris mutants" and which was filed electronically on 15 Oct.
2010 at the European Patent Office, of which Bayer CropScience AG
is a co-applicant, and which has received the Application number
EP10187751.2, and, further, in the PCT application claiming
EP10187751.2 as priority application.
[0352] Therefore, these respective techniques concerning the
preparation of such ALS inhibitor herbicide tolerant Beta vulgaris
mutants, esp. sugar beet mutants comprising a mutation at position
569 of the ALS encoded by the endogenous ALS gene are described
herein only in brief and the content, especially concerning
Examples 1 to 5 of the above cited patent application is referenced
in its entirety.
[0353] Sugar beet cell cultures were initiated from seedlings of a
diploid sugar beet genotype 7T9044 (as, for example, described by
Alexander Dovzhenko, PhD Thesis, Title: "Towards plastid
transformation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and sugarbeet (Beta
vulgaris L.)", Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Germany,
2001).
[0354] Callus obtained therefrom was exposed to 10.sup.-7 M
foramsulfuron.
[0355] Surviving and growing cell colonies were numbered and
transferred after 4-6 weeks onto fresh medium containing
3.times.10.sup.-7 M of the inhibitor. One of these cell colonies
was able to grow not only at this concentration of the inhibitor
but even in presence of 3.times.10.sup.-6 M of foramsulfuron [CAS
RN 173159-57-4].
[0356] From this clone (SB574TL), shoots were regenerated in
presence of the ALS inhibitor herbicide and then the shoots were
transferred to MS medium containing 0.05 mg/l Naphthalene acetic
acid (NAA).
[0357] During the first 10-15 days after transfer into soil
containing substrate the plants were kept in an environment with
high air humidity. During and after they were weaned to normal
greenhouse air humidity regimes the plants were kept in the
greenhouse under artificial light (12 h) at 20+-3.degree.
C./15+-2.degree. C. day/night temperatures.
[0358] 3-5 weeks later, the regenerated plants from the above
obtained foramsulfuron tolerant cell culture (SB574TL) as well as
from the wild type cell cultures were treated with foramsulfuron,
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (CAS RN 144550-3-7) and a mixture of
both active ingredients. The herbicide doses tested were equivalent
to 7-70 g a.i./ha for foramsulfuron and 1-10 g a.i./ha for
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium.
[0359] Regenerated plants from this tolerant cell line tolerated
even the highest herbicide doses (foramsulfuron,
iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium and their mixtures in the ratio 7:1)
whereas even the lowest doses killed the wild type plants.
[0360] The homozygous seedlings tolerated mixtures of 35 g
foramsulfuron/ha+7 g iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium/ha without growth
retardation or any signs of visible damage. In several cases,
heterozygous lines showed signs of retarded growth and some leaf
chlorosis at these rates, but they recovered within 3-5 weeks,
whereas the conventional sugar beet seedlings were killed by the
ALS inhibitor herbicides.
[0361] Obtained seeds, containing the tryptophan to leucin mutation
at position 569 of the ALS protein encoded by the endogenous sugar
beet ALS gene (based on SB574TL) have been deposited with the
NCIMB, Aberdeen, UK, under Number NCIMB 41705 with Bayer
CropScience AG as a co-depositor.
[0362] Attached Sequences (SEQ ID NOs 1 to 4)
[0363] Attached SEQ ID No 1 represents the wild-type nucleic acid
sequence of sugar beet genotype 7T9044; SEQ ID NO 2 represents the
ALS protein encoded by SEQ ID No 1; SEQ ID No 3 represents the
obtained mutated ALS gene of the sugar beet mutant line "SB574TL"
and SEQ ID No 4 represents the Trp-' Leu mutated ALS protein at
position 569 which is encoded by the nucleic acid sequence
disclosed under SEQ ID No 3 and which is present in the endogenous
ALS gene of SB574TL that has been deposited under number NCIMB
41705 at the NCIMB, Aberdeen, UK.
2. Field Trials by Employing Homozygous ALS Inhibitor Herbicide
Tolerant Sugar Beet Plants
[0364] Based on SB574TL, F4--F6 seeds conferring the mutant allele
of the endogenous ALS gene in the homozygous state were applied for
further testing.
[0365] Plant seeds of the homozygous SB574TL mutant plants and
those of the traditional varieties KLARINA and BERETTA (both
commonly available ALS inhibitor sensitive reference sugar beet
varieties, not having the respective mutation at position 569 in
the ALS protein) were sown in the field and grew up to various
growth stages according to the BBCH standard (as defined in the
monographie "Entwicklungsstadien mono- und dikotyler Pflanzen", 2nd
edition, 2001, ed. Uwe Meier, Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land
und Forstwirtschaft).
[0366] Afterwards the plants were treated with the respective ALS
inhibitor herbicides as specified in Tables 1, 2 and 3, below.
[0367] The water quantity applied in the various applications
equaled 200 l/ha. At 8, 14, 16, 17, 28, and 31 days (as indicated
in the various Tables) after application (DAA) of the respective
ALS inhibitor herbicide(s), the damages (phytotoxicity/phyto) on
the different sugar beet plants were scored according to the scale
from 0% to 100%.
[0368] In this context, "0%" means "no phytotoxicity/phyto" and
"100%" means plants were completely killed.
[0369] The obtained results are given in detail in Tables 1, 2, and
3, below.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 SB574TL based sugar beet KLARINA Stage of
application BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 Rating
% phyto % phyto % phyto % phyto % phyto % phyto
Application-Assessment interval Active substance gai/ha 8 DAA 17
DAA 31 DAA 8 DAA 17 DAA 31 DAA Foramsulfuron 25 0 0 0 83 95 100
(A1-13) + 15 Thiencarbazone- methyl (A2-3) Foramsulfuron 50 0 0 0
85 98 100 (A1-13) + 30 Thiencarbazone- methyl (A2-3) Compound 30 0
0 0 83 100 100 (A1-87) Iodosulfuron- 15 0 0 0 83 98 100
methyl-sodium (A1-16)
[0370] According to the data disclosed in Table 1, it can clearly
be demonstrated that SB574TL based sugar beet plants are fully
tolerant to the application of various ALS inhibitor herbicides,
i.e. in single application of one ALS inhibitor herbicide but also
in a combined application of 2 different ALS inhibitor herbicides
(foramsulfuron+thencarbacone-methyl) belonging to 2 different
subgroups ((A1) and (A2)) of group (A), i.e. (sulfon)amides whereas
the conventional variety KLARINA is significantly damaged under
identical growing conditions.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Variety characteristic SB574TL SB574TL
SB574TL based sugar based sugar based sugar KLARINA beet KLARINA
beet KLARINA beet Stage of application BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH
14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 Rating % phyto % phyto % phyto % phyto % phyto %
phyto Application-Assessment interval Active substance gai/ha 8
days 8 days 14 days 14 days 28 days 28 days Foramsulfuron 25 g/ha
85 0 83 0 86 0 (A1-13) Foramsulfuron 50 g/ha 90 0 92 0 94 0 (A1-13)
Thiencarbazone- 15 g/ha 90 0 97 0 100 0 methyl (A2-3)
Thiencarbazone- 30 g/ha 90 0 97 0 100 0 methyl (A2-3) (A1-13) +
(A2-3) 25 + 15 g/ha 90 0 97 0 100 0 (A1-13) + (A2-3) 50 + 30 g/ha
90 3 97 0 100 0 Iodosulfuron- 7 g/ha 90 0 97 0 100 0 methyl-sodium
(A1-16) Compound 15 g/ha 90 0 97 0 99 0 (A1-87) Compound 30 g/ha 90
14 98 10 100 0 (A1-41) Mesosulfuron- 60 g/ha 90 0 97 0 99 0 methyl
(A1-17) Metsulfuron- 8 g/ha 88 14 98 6 99 0 methyl (A1-28)
Thifensulfuron- 7.5 g/ha 90 0 98 0 100 0 methyl (A1-29)
Nicosulfuron 60 g/ha 90 0 98 0 100 0 (A1-20) Tribenuron- 30 g/ha 91
10 98 1 100 0 methyl (A1-31) Rimsulfuron 12.5 g/ha 81 0 85 4 76 0
(A1-26) Propoxycarbazone- 0 g/ha 90 1 94 0 95 0 sodium (A2-2)
Bispyribac- 50 g/ha 90 23 98 30 99 0 sodium (C1-1) Metosulam (A3-5)
30 g/ha 90 9 97 0 93 0 Imazamox (B1-2) 40 g/ha 90 0 97 0 99 0
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
[0371] According to the data disclosed in Table 2, it can clearly
be demonstrated that SB574TL based sugar beet plants are fully
tolerant to the application of various ALS inhibitor herbicides,
i.e. tolerance has been demonstrated to representative compounds
selected from all of the 3 different groups ((A), (B) and (C)),
whereas the conventional variety KLARINA is significantly damaged
under identical growing conditions.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Variety characteristic SB574TL SB574TL
SB574TL based sugar based sugar based sugar BERETTA beet BERETTA
beet BERETTA beet Stage of application BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 BBCH
14 BBCH 14 BBCH 14 Rating % phyto % phyto % phyto % phyto % phyto %
phyto Application-Assessment interval Active substance gai/ha 8
days 8 days 16 days 16 days 38 days 38 days Sulfosulfuron 10 g/ha
80 0 95 0 94 0 (A1-28) Triasulfuron 30 g/ha 80 0 98 0 100 0 (A1-30)
Chlorsulfuron 20 g/ha 80 0 98 0 100 0 (A1-5) Flupyrsulfuron- 10
g/ha 63 0 69 0 40 0 methyl-sodium (A1-12) Prosulfuron 40 g/ha 81 21
98 30 100 0 (A1-24) Tritosulfuron 50 g/ha 80 20 98 33 100 5 (A1-34)
Flazasulfuron 50 g/ha 80 24 98 25 100 11 (A1-10) Sulfometuron- 60
g/ha 80 0 97 3 100 0 methyl (A1-27) Imazethapyr 70 g/ha 80 0 98 0
100 0 (B1-6) Imazapyr (B1-4) 125 g/ha 80 0 98 0 100 0 Imazapic
(B1-3) 70 g/ha 80 14 98 0 100 0 Imazaquin 100 g/ha 80 0 98 0 100 0
(B1-5) Florasulam 10 g/ha 80 0 98 0 98 0 (A3-3) Penoxsulam 40 g/ha
80 0 91 15 100 0 (A3-6) Flumetsulam 50 g/ha 80 0 98 0 100 0 (A3-4)
Pyroxsulam 50 g/ha 80 0 97 0 100 0 (A3-7) Flucarbazone- 40 g/ha 80
0 89 0 89 0 sodium (A2-1) Trifloxisulfuron- 15 g/ha 80 0 98 0 100 0
sodium (A1-32)
[0372] According to the data disclosed in Table 3, it can clearly
be demonstrated that SB574TL based sugar beet plants are fully
tolerant to the application of various ALS inhibitor herbicides,
i.e. tolerance has been demonstrated to representative compounds
selected from all of the 2 different groups ((A), and (B)), whereas
the conventional variety BERETTA is significantly damaged under
identical conditions.
Sequence CWU 1
1
411998DNABeta vulgaris 1atggcggcta ccttcacaaa cccaacattt tccccttcct
caactccatt aaccaaaacc 60ctaaaatccc aatcttccat ctcttcaacc ctcccctttt
ccacccctcc caaaacccca 120actccactct ttcaccgtcc cctccaaatc
tcatcctccc aatcccacaa atcatccgcc 180attaaaacac aaactcaagc
accttcttct ccagctattg aagattcatc tttcgtttct 240cgatttggcc
ctgatgaacc cagaaaaggg tccgatgtcc tcgttgaagc tcttgagcgt
300gaaggtgtta ccaatgtgtt tgcttaccct ggtggtgcat ctatggaaat
ccaccaagct 360ctcacacgct ctaaaaccat ccgcaatgtc ctccctcgcc
atgaacaagg cggggttttc 420gccgccgagg gatatgctag agctactgga
aaggttggtg tctgcattgc gacttctggt 480cctggtgcta ccaacctcgt
atcaggtctt gctgacgctc tccttgattc tgtccctctt 540gttgccatca
ctggccaagt tccacgccgt atgattggca ctgatgcttt tcaggagact
600ccaattgttg aggtgacaag gtctattact aagcataatt atttagtttt
ggatgtagag 660gatattccta gaattgttaa ggaagccttt tttttagcta
attctggtag gcctggacct 720gttttgattg atcttcctaa agatattcag
cagcaattgg ttgttcctga ttgggatagg 780ccttttaagt tgggtgggta
tatgtctagg ctgccaaagt ccaagttttc gacgaatgag 840gttggacttc
ttgagcagat tgtgaggttg atgagtgagt cgaagaagcc tgtcttgtat
900gtgggaggtg ggtgtttgaa ttctagtgag gagttgagga gatttgttga
gttgacaggg 960attccggtgg ctagtacttt gatggggttg gggtcttacc
cttgtaatga tgaactgtct 1020cttcatatgt tggggatgca cgggactgtt
tatgccaatt atgcggtgga taaggcggat 1080ttgttgcttg ctttcggggt
taggtttgat gatcgtgtga ccgggaagct cgaggcgttt 1140gctagccgtg
ctaagattgt gcatattgat attgactctg ctgagattgg gaagaacaag
1200cagccccatg tgtccatttg tgctgatgtt aaattggcat tgcggggtat
gaataagatt 1260ctggagtcta gaatagggaa gctgaatttg gatttctcca
agtggagaga agaattaggt 1320gagcagaaga aggaattccc actgagtttt
aagacatttg gggatgcaat tcctccacaa 1380tatgccattc aggtgcttga
tgagttgacc aatggtaatg ctattataag tactggtgtt 1440gggcagcacc
aaatgtgggc tgcgcagcat tacaagtaca gaaaccctcg ccaatggctg
1500acctctggtg ggttgggggc tatggggttt gggctaccag ccgccattgg
agctgcagtt 1560gctcgaccag atgcagtggt tgtcgatatt gatggggatg
gcagttttat tatgaatgtt 1620caagagttgg ctacaattag ggtggaaaat
ctcccagtta agataatgct gctaaacaat 1680caacatttag gtatggttgt
ccaatgggaa gataggttct ataaagctaa ccgggcacat 1740acataccttg
gaaacccttc caaatctgct gatatcttcc ctgatatgct caaattcgct
1800gaggcatgtg atattccttc tgcccgtgtt agcaacgtgg ctgatttgag
ggccgccatt 1860caaacaatgt tggatactcc agggccgtac ctgctcgatg
tgattgtacc gcatcaagag 1920catgtgttgc ctatgattcc aagtggtgcc
ggtttcaagg ataccattac agagggtgat 1980ggaagaacct cttattga
19982665PRTBeta vulgaris 2Met Ala Ala Thr Phe Thr Asn Pro Thr Phe
Ser Pro Ser Ser Thr Pro1 5 10 15Leu Thr Lys Thr Leu Lys Ser Gln Ser
Ser Ile Ser Ser Thr Leu Pro 20 25 30Phe Ser Thr Pro Pro Lys Thr Pro
Thr Pro Leu Phe His Arg Pro Leu 35 40 45Gln Ile Ser Ser Ser Gln Ser
His Lys Ser Ser Ala Ile Lys Thr Gln 50 55 60Thr Gln Ala Pro Ser Ser
Pro Ala Ile Glu Asp Ser Ser Phe Val Ser65 70 75 80Arg Phe Gly Pro
Asp Glu Pro Arg Lys Gly Ser Asp Val Leu Val Glu 85 90 95Ala Leu Glu
Arg Glu Gly Val Thr Asn Val Phe Ala Tyr Pro Gly Gly 100 105 110Ala
Ser Met Glu Ile His Gln Ala Leu Thr Arg Ser Lys Thr Ile Arg 115 120
125Asn Val Leu Pro Arg His Glu Gln Gly Gly Val Phe Ala Ala Glu Gly
130 135 140Tyr Ala Arg Ala Thr Gly Lys Val Gly Val Cys Ile Ala Thr
Ser Gly145 150 155 160Pro Gly Ala Thr Asn Leu Val Ser Gly Leu Ala
Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp 165 170 175Ser Val Pro Leu Val Ala Ile Thr Gly
Gln Val Pro Arg Arg Met Ile 180 185 190Gly Thr Asp Ala Phe Gln Glu
Thr Pro Ile Val Glu Val Thr Arg Ser 195 200 205Ile Thr Lys His Asn
Tyr Leu Val Leu Asp Val Glu Asp Ile Pro Arg 210 215 220Ile Val Lys
Glu Ala Phe Phe Leu Ala Asn Ser Gly Arg Pro Gly Pro225 230 235
240Val Leu Ile Asp Leu Pro Lys Asp Ile Gln Gln Gln Leu Val Val Pro
245 250 255Asp Trp Asp Arg Pro Phe Lys Leu Gly Gly Tyr Met Ser Arg
Leu Pro 260 265 270Lys Ser Lys Phe Ser Thr Asn Glu Val Gly Leu Leu
Glu Gln Ile Val 275 280 285Arg Leu Met Ser Glu Ser Lys Lys Pro Val
Leu Tyr Val Gly Gly Gly 290 295 300Cys Leu Asn Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu
Arg Arg Phe Val Glu Leu Thr Gly305 310 315 320Ile Pro Val Ala Ser
Thr Leu Met Gly Leu Gly Ser Tyr Pro Cys Asn 325 330 335Asp Glu Leu
Ser Leu His Met Leu Gly Met His Gly Thr Val Tyr Ala 340 345 350Asn
Tyr Ala Val Asp Lys Ala Asp Leu Leu Leu Ala Phe Gly Val Arg 355 360
365Phe Asp Asp Arg Val Thr Gly Lys Leu Glu Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg Ala
370 375 380Lys Ile Val His Ile Asp Ile Asp Ser Ala Glu Ile Gly Lys
Asn Lys385 390 395 400Gln Pro His Val Ser Ile Cys Ala Asp Val Lys
Leu Ala Leu Arg Gly 405 410 415Met Asn Lys Ile Leu Glu Ser Arg Ile
Gly Lys Leu Asn Leu Asp Phe 420 425 430Ser Lys Trp Arg Glu Glu Leu
Gly Glu Gln Lys Lys Glu Phe Pro Leu 435 440 445Ser Phe Lys Thr Phe
Gly Asp Ala Ile Pro Pro Gln Tyr Ala Ile Gln 450 455 460Val Leu Asp
Glu Leu Thr Asn Gly Asn Ala Ile Ile Ser Thr Gly Val465 470 475
480Gly Gln His Gln Met Trp Ala Ala Gln His Tyr Lys Tyr Arg Asn Pro
485 490 495Arg Gln Trp Leu Thr Ser Gly Gly Leu Gly Ala Met Gly Phe
Gly Leu 500 505 510Pro Ala Ala Ile Gly Ala Ala Val Ala Arg Pro Asp
Ala Val Val Val 515 520 525Asp Ile Asp Gly Asp Gly Ser Phe Ile Met
Asn Val Gln Glu Leu Ala 530 535 540Thr Ile Arg Val Glu Asn Leu Pro
Val Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Asn Asn545 550 555 560Gln His Leu Gly Met
Val Val Gln Trp Glu Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Ala 565 570 575Asn Arg Ala
His Thr Tyr Leu Gly Asn Pro Ser Lys Ser Ala Asp Ile 580 585 590Phe
Pro Asp Met Leu Lys Phe Ala Glu Ala Cys Asp Ile Pro Ser Ala 595 600
605Arg Val Ser Asn Val Ala Asp Leu Arg Ala Ala Ile Gln Thr Met Leu
610 615 620Asp Thr Pro Gly Pro Tyr Leu Leu Asp Val Ile Val Pro His
Gln Glu625 630 635 640His Val Leu Pro Met Ile Pro Ser Gly Ala Gly
Phe Lys Asp Thr Ile 645 650 655Thr Glu Gly Asp Gly Arg Thr Ser Tyr
660 66531998DNABeta vulgarismutation(1706)..(1706)Substitution of a
Guanosine by a Thymidine 3atggcggcta ccttcacaaa cccaacattt
tccccttcct caactccatt aaccaaaacc 60ctaaaatccc aatcttccat ctcttcaacc
ctcccctttt ccacccctcc caaaacccca 120actccactct ttcaccgtcc
cctccaaatc tcatcctccc aatcccacaa atcatccgcc 180attaaaacac
aaactcaagc accttcttct ccagctattg aagattcatc tttcgtttct
240cgatttggcc ctgatgaacc cagaaaaggg tccgatgtcc tcgttgaagc
tcttgagcgt 300gaaggtgtta ccaatgtgtt tgcttaccct ggtggtgcat
ctatggaaat ccaccaagct 360ctcacacgct ctaaaaccat ccgcaatgtc
ctccctcgcc atgaacaagg cggggttttc 420gccgccgagg gatatgctag
agctactgga aaggttggtg tctgcattgc gacttctggt 480cctggtgcta
ccaacctcgt atcaggtctt gctgacgctc tccttgattc tgtccctctt
540gttgccatca ctggccaagt tccacgccgt atgattggca ctgatgcttt
tcaggagact 600ccaattgttg aggtgacaag gtctattact aagcataatt
atttagtttt ggatgtagag 660gatattccta gaattgttaa ggaagccttt
tttttagcta attctggtag gcctggacct 720gttttgattg atcttcctaa
agatattcag cagcaattgg ttgttcctga ttgggatagg 780ccttttaagt
tgggtgggta tatgtctagg ctgccaaagt ccaagttttc gacgaatgag
840gttggacttc ttgagcagat tgtgaggttg atgagtgagt cgaagaagcc
tgtcttgtat 900gtgggaggtg ggtgtttgaa ttctagtgag gagttgagga
gatttgttga gttgacaggg 960attccggtgg ctagtacttt gatggggttg
gggtcttacc cttgtaatga tgaactgtct 1020cttcatatgt tggggatgca
cgggactgtt tatgccaatt atgcggtgga taaggcggat 1080ttgttgcttg
ctttcggggt taggtttgat gatcgtgtga ccgggaagct cgaggcgttt
1140gctagccgtg ctaagattgt gcatattgat attgactctg ctgagattgg
gaagaacaag 1200cagccccatg tgtccatttg tgctgatgtt aaattggcat
tgcggggtat gaataagatt 1260ctggagtcta gaatagggaa gctgaatttg
gatttctcca agtggagaga agaattaggt 1320gagcagaaga aggaattccc
actgagtttt aagacatttg gggatgcaat tcctccacaa 1380tatgccattc
aggtgcttga tgagttgacc aatggtaatg ctattataag tactggtgtt
1440gggcagcacc aaatgtgggc tgcgcagcat tacaagtaca gaaaccctcg
ccaatggctg 1500acctctggtg ggttgggggc tatggggttt gggctaccag
ccgccattgg agctgcagtt 1560gctcgaccag atgcagtggt tgtcgatatt
gatggggatg gcagttttat tatgaatgtt 1620caagagttgg ctacaattag
ggtggaaaat ctcccagtta agataatgct gctaaacaat 1680caacatttag
gtatggttgt ccaattggaa gataggttct ataaagctaa ccgggcacat
1740acataccttg gaaacccttc caaatctgct gatatcttcc ctgatatgct
caaattcgct 1800gaggcatgtg atattccttc tgcccgtgtt agcaacgtgg
ctgatttgag ggccgccatt 1860caaacaatgt tggatactcc agggccgtac
ctgctcgatg tgattgtacc gcatcaagag 1920catgtgttgc ctatgattcc
aagtggtgcc ggtttcaagg ataccattac agagggtgat 1980ggaagaacct cttattga
19984665PRTBeta vulgarisMISC_FEATURE(569)..(569)Substitution of a
Tryptophan by a Leucine 4Met Ala Ala Thr Phe Thr Asn Pro Thr Phe
Ser Pro Ser Ser Thr Pro1 5 10 15Leu Thr Lys Thr Leu Lys Ser Gln Ser
Ser Ile Ser Ser Thr Leu Pro 20 25 30Phe Ser Thr Pro Pro Lys Thr Pro
Thr Pro Leu Phe His Arg Pro Leu 35 40 45Gln Ile Ser Ser Ser Gln Ser
His Lys Ser Ser Ala Ile Lys Thr Gln 50 55 60Thr Gln Ala Pro Ser Ser
Pro Ala Ile Glu Asp Ser Ser Phe Val Ser65 70 75 80Arg Phe Gly Pro
Asp Glu Pro Arg Lys Gly Ser Asp Val Leu Val Glu 85 90 95Ala Leu Glu
Arg Glu Gly Val Thr Asn Val Phe Ala Tyr Pro Gly Gly 100 105 110Ala
Ser Met Glu Ile His Gln Ala Leu Thr Arg Ser Lys Thr Ile Arg 115 120
125Asn Val Leu Pro Arg His Glu Gln Gly Gly Val Phe Ala Ala Glu Gly
130 135 140Tyr Ala Arg Ala Thr Gly Lys Val Gly Val Cys Ile Ala Thr
Ser Gly145 150 155 160Pro Gly Ala Thr Asn Leu Val Ser Gly Leu Ala
Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp 165 170 175Ser Val Pro Leu Val Ala Ile Thr Gly
Gln Val Pro Arg Arg Met Ile 180 185 190Gly Thr Asp Ala Phe Gln Glu
Thr Pro Ile Val Glu Val Thr Arg Ser 195 200 205Ile Thr Lys His Asn
Tyr Leu Val Leu Asp Val Glu Asp Ile Pro Arg 210 215 220Ile Val Lys
Glu Ala Phe Phe Leu Ala Asn Ser Gly Arg Pro Gly Pro225 230 235
240Val Leu Ile Asp Leu Pro Lys Asp Ile Gln Gln Gln Leu Val Val Pro
245 250 255Asp Trp Asp Arg Pro Phe Lys Leu Gly Gly Tyr Met Ser Arg
Leu Pro 260 265 270Lys Ser Lys Phe Ser Thr Asn Glu Val Gly Leu Leu
Glu Gln Ile Val 275 280 285Arg Leu Met Ser Glu Ser Lys Lys Pro Val
Leu Tyr Val Gly Gly Gly 290 295 300Cys Leu Asn Ser Ser Glu Glu Leu
Arg Arg Phe Val Glu Leu Thr Gly305 310 315 320Ile Pro Val Ala Ser
Thr Leu Met Gly Leu Gly Ser Tyr Pro Cys Asn 325 330 335Asp Glu Leu
Ser Leu His Met Leu Gly Met His Gly Thr Val Tyr Ala 340 345 350Asn
Tyr Ala Val Asp Lys Ala Asp Leu Leu Leu Ala Phe Gly Val Arg 355 360
365Phe Asp Asp Arg Val Thr Gly Lys Leu Glu Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg Ala
370 375 380Lys Ile Val His Ile Asp Ile Asp Ser Ala Glu Ile Gly Lys
Asn Lys385 390 395 400Gln Pro His Val Ser Ile Cys Ala Asp Val Lys
Leu Ala Leu Arg Gly 405 410 415Met Asn Lys Ile Leu Glu Ser Arg Ile
Gly Lys Leu Asn Leu Asp Phe 420 425 430Ser Lys Trp Arg Glu Glu Leu
Gly Glu Gln Lys Lys Glu Phe Pro Leu 435 440 445Ser Phe Lys Thr Phe
Gly Asp Ala Ile Pro Pro Gln Tyr Ala Ile Gln 450 455 460Val Leu Asp
Glu Leu Thr Asn Gly Asn Ala Ile Ile Ser Thr Gly Val465 470 475
480Gly Gln His Gln Met Trp Ala Ala Gln His Tyr Lys Tyr Arg Asn Pro
485 490 495Arg Gln Trp Leu Thr Ser Gly Gly Leu Gly Ala Met Gly Phe
Gly Leu 500 505 510Pro Ala Ala Ile Gly Ala Ala Val Ala Arg Pro Asp
Ala Val Val Val 515 520 525Asp Ile Asp Gly Asp Gly Ser Phe Ile Met
Asn Val Gln Glu Leu Ala 530 535 540Thr Ile Arg Val Glu Asn Leu Pro
Val Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Asn Asn545 550 555 560Gln His Leu Gly Met
Val Val Gln Leu Glu Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Ala 565 570 575Asn Arg Ala
His Thr Tyr Leu Gly Asn Pro Ser Lys Ser Ala Asp Ile 580 585 590Phe
Pro Asp Met Leu Lys Phe Ala Glu Ala Cys Asp Ile Pro Ser Ala 595 600
605Arg Val Ser Asn Val Ala Asp Leu Arg Ala Ala Ile Gln Thr Met Leu
610 615 620Asp Thr Pro Gly Pro Tyr Leu Leu Asp Val Ile Val Pro His
Gln Glu625 630 635 640His Val Leu Pro Met Ile Pro Ser Gly Ala Gly
Phe Lys Asp Thr Ile 645 650 655Thr Glu Gly Asp Gly Arg Thr Ser Tyr
660 665
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