U.S. patent application number 17/652548 was filed with the patent office on 2022-08-11 for hybrid long term evolution/cellular internet of things location based service.
The applicant listed for this patent is AT&T Technical Services Company, Inc.. Invention is credited to Daniel Vivanco.
Application Number | 20220256428 17/652548 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-08-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220256428 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vivanco; Daniel |
August 11, 2022 |
HYBRID LONG TERM EVOLUTION/CELLULAR INTERNET OF THINGS LOCATION
BASED SERVICE
Abstract
An enhanced location based service for hybrid long term
evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) network
is disclosed. A method can comprise receiving, from a user
equipment device, via a radio access technology, a first message
representative of a request for measurement gap information for a
location based service; determining a location of the user
equipment device based on a serving cell location of a serving cell
device that services the user equipment device; and transmitting,
to the user equipment device, a second message comprising data
representative of the measurement gap information.
Inventors: |
Vivanco; Daniel; (Sterling,
VA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AT&T Technical Services Company, Inc. |
Vienna |
VA |
US |
|
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Appl. No.: |
17/652548 |
Filed: |
February 25, 2022 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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17060709 |
Oct 1, 2020 |
11297556 |
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17652548 |
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16202792 |
Nov 28, 2018 |
10834654 |
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17060709 |
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International
Class: |
H04W 36/32 20060101
H04W036/32; H04W 4/02 20060101 H04W004/02; H04W 24/10 20060101
H04W024/10; H04W 4/33 20060101 H04W004/33; H04W 4/12 20060101
H04W004/12; H04W 88/02 20060101 H04W088/02; H04W 48/14 20060101
H04W048/14; H04W 64/00 20060101 H04W064/00; H04W 36/00 20060101
H04W036/00 |
Claims
1. A system, comprising: a processor; and a memory that stores
executable instructions that, when executed by the processor,
facilitate performance of operations, comprising: receiving, from a
user equipment via first serving cell equipment, a request for
measurement gap data for a location based service; determining,
based on a first location associated with the first serving cell
equipment, a second location associated with the user equipment;
based on the second location, determining a probability value
associated with a likelihood that the user equipment is going to
receive a signal of a group of signals at the second location;
based on a group of frequency bands available at the second
location, determining a frequency band of the group of frequency
bands to be used by the user equipment to scan for a pilot signal
emitted from second serving cell equipment located at the second
location; and responsive to the request, sending the measurement
gap data to the first serving cell equipment.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise
causing, via the first serving equipment, the user equipment to
perform inter-band frequency scanning for the pilot signal emitted
from the second serving cell equipment.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the user equipment performs the
inter-band frequency scanning for the pilot signal at defined
measurement gap intervals.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise,
based on a group of different radio access technologies implemented
by the second serving equipment located at the second location,
determining a radio access technology of the group of different
radio access technologies to be used by the user equipment to scan
for an inter-technology pilot signal emitted from the second
serving cell equipment.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the user equipment performs
inter-technology scanning for the inter-technology pilot signal at
defined measurement gap intervals.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the inter-technology pilot signal
is generated based on a narrow band long term evolution
protocol.
7. The system of claim 4, wherein the inter-technology pilot signal
is generated based on a long term evolution machine protocol.
8. A method, comprising: receiving, by a device comprising a
processor, a request for measurement gap data for a location based
service, wherein the request for the measurement gap data was sent
by a user equipment via first serving cell equipment; determining,
by the device, based on a first location associated with the first
serving cell equipment, a second location associated with the user
equipment; based on the second location, determining, by the
device, a probability value associated with a likelihood that the
user equipment will successfully receive a signal of a group of
signals at the second location; based on a group of frequency bands
available at the second location, determining, by the device, a
frequency band of the group of frequency bands to be used by the
user equipment to scan for a pilot signal emitted from second
serving cell equipment located at the second location; and sending,
by the device, the measurement gap data to the first serving cell
equipment.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining, by the
device, the first location associated with the first serving cell
equipment based on multi-band network topology data received from
core equipment.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining, by the
device, the second location associated with the second serving cell
equipment based on multi-band network topology data received from
core equipment.
11. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining, by the
device, the first location associated with the first serving cell
equipment based on multi-technology network topology data received
from core equipment.
12. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining, by the
device, the second location associated with the second serving cell
equipment based on multi-technology network topology data received
from core equipment.
13. The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving, by the
device, multi-technology network topology data from a long term
evolution element management equipment.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the first serving cell equipment
causes the user equipment to perform, at a defined time
periodicity, inter-band frequency scanning for the pilot signal
emitted from the second serving cell equipment.
15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, comprising executable
instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate
performance of operations, comprising: receiving a request for
measurement gap data for a location based service, comprising
receiving the request for the measurement gap data from a user
equipment via first serving cell equipment; determining, based on a
first location associated with the first serving cell equipment, a
second location associated with the user equipment; based on the
second location, determining a probability value associated with a
likelihood that the user equipment is going to receive a signal of
a group of signals at the second location; based on a group of
frequency bands available at the second location, determining a
frequency band of the group of frequency bands to be used by the
user equipment to scan for a pilot signal emitted from second
serving cell equipment located at the second location; and
transmitting the measurement gap data to the first serving cell
equipment.
16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein
the operations further comprise: based on a group of diverse radio
access technologies implemented by the second serving equipment
located at the second location, determining a radio access
technology of the group of diverse radio access technologies to be
used by the user equipment to scan for an inter-technology pilot
signal emitted from the second serving cell equipment.
17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein
the user equipment performs inter-technology scanning for the
inter-technology pilot signal at defined measurement gap
intervals.
18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein
the second serving cell equipment implements a communication
protocol that permits a maximum coupling loss that exceeds 140
decibels.
19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein
the second serving cell equipment implements a communication
protocol that enables a maximum coupling loss that is at least 164
decibels.
20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein
the second serving cell equipment implements a communication
protocol that allows a maximum coupling loss that is at least 156
decibels.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The subject patent application is a continuation of, and
claims priority to each of, U.S. patent application Ser. No.
17/060,709, filed Oct. 1, 2020, and entitled "HYBRID LONG TERM
EVOLUTION/CELLULAR INTERNET OF THINGS LOCATION BASED SERVICE,"
which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
16/202,792 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,834,654), filed Nov. 28, 2018, and
entitled "HYBRID LONG TERM EVOLUTION/CELLULAR INTERNET OF THINGS
LOCATION BASED SERVICE," the entireties of which applications are
hereby incorporated by reference herein.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The disclosed subject matter provides an enhanced location
based service for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular
Internet of Things (CIoT) network using, for example, advanced
forward link trilateration (AFLT) to triangulate a position of a
user equipment device.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Indoor location based services have become crucial for
public safety and first responder (FirstNet) emergency situations.
At the moment, location based services have poor ranging when user
equipment (UE) devices are located in indoor locations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0004] FIG. 1 is an illustration of a system that provides enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in accordance with
aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0005] FIG. 2 is a further depiction of a system that provides
enhanced location based services for hybrid long term evolution
(LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in
accordance with aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0006] FIG. 3 provides illustration of an additional system that
provides enhanced location based services for hybrid long term
evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks,
in accordance with aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0007] FIG. 4 provides another illustration of a system that
provides enhanced location based services for hybrid long term
evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks,
in accordance with aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0008] FIG. 5 illustrates another depiction of a system that
provides enhanced location based services for hybrid long term
evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks,
in accordance with aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0009] FIG. 6 depicts a further system that provides enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in accordance with
aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0010] FIG. 7 depicts another system that provides enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in accordance with
aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 8 depicts an additional system that provides enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in accordance with
aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates another system that provides enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in accordance with
aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 10 illustrates a further system that provides enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in accordance with
aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 11 depicts an additional system that provides enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks, in accordance with
aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 12 provides illustration of a flow chart or method for
the provision of enhanced location based services for hybrid long
term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT)
networks, in accordance with aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a
mobile network platform to implement and exploit various features
or aspects of the subject disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a computing system
operable to execute the disclosed systems and methods in accordance
with an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The subject disclosure is now described with reference to
the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to
like elements throughout. In the following description, for
purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in
order to provide a thorough understanding of the subject
disclosure. It may be evident, however, that the subject disclosure
may be practiced without these specific details. In other
instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block
diagram form in order to facilitate describing the subject
disclosure.
[0019] The disclosed systems and methods, in accordance with
various embodiments, provide a system, apparatus, or device
comprising: a processor, and a memory that stores executable
instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate
performance of operations. The operations can comprise receiving,
from a user equipment device via a radio access technology, a first
message representative of a request for measurement gap information
for a location based service; determining a location of the user
equipment device based on a serving cell location of a serving cell
device that services the user equipment device; and transmitting,
to the user equipment device, a second message comprising data
representative of the measurement gap information.
[0020] Further operations can comprise determining a frequency band
available at the location of the user equipment device; and
determining the radio access technology available at the location
of the user equipment device. Additional operation can comprise
based on the location of the user equipment device being determined
as being an indoor location, determining a probability that the
user equipment device receives a signal transmitted via the radio
access technology; and based on a frequency band being available at
the location of the user equipment device, determining a pilot
signal scanning periodicity that the user equipment device uses to
scan for a frequency band available at the location of the user
equipment device. The operations can also include based on a radio
access technology being available at the location of the user
equipment device, determining a pilot signal scanning periodicity
that the user equipment device uses to scan for the radio access
technology available at the location of the user equipment device;
and facilitating the serving cell device to request the user
equipment device to perform an inter-band pilot signal scan for a
neighbor base station device during a measuring gap interval
provided in the measuring gap information. Further operations can
comprise facilitating the serving cell device to request the user
equipment device to perform an inter-technology pilot signal scan
for a neighbor base station device during a measuring gap interval
provided in the measuring gap information; and facilitating the
user equipment device to return a pilot signal measurement within a
defined period of time.
[0021] In accordance with further embodiments, the subject
disclosure describes a method and/or process, comprising a series
of acts that can include: sending, by a system comprising a
processor, a request for data representing measurement gap
information for a location based service; and in response to
receiving the data, performing, by the system, an inter-band pilot
signal scan for a neighbor base station device during a defined
measurement gap interval, wherein the defined measurement gap
interval is included in the data.
[0022] Additional acts can comprise in response to receiving the
data, performing, by the system, an inter-technology pilot signal
scan for the neighbor base station device during the defined
measurement gap interval; performing, by the system, an intra-band
pilot signal measurement with a defined time periodicity; and
performing, by the system, an inter-band pilot signal measurement
with a defined time periodicity. An addition act can comprise
performing, by the system, an inter-technology pilot signal
measurement within a defined time periodicity.
[0023] In accordance with still further embodiments, the subject
disclosure describes a machine readable storage medium, a computer
readable storage device, or non-transitory machine readable media
comprising instructions that, in response to execution, cause a
computing system comprising at least one processor to perform
operations. The operations can include: receiving, from a user
equipment device, via a radio access technology, a first message
representative of a request for measurement gap information for a
location based service; determining a location of the user
equipment device based on a serving cell location of a serving cell
device that services the user equipment device; and transmitting,
to the user equipment device, a second message comprising data
representative of the measurement gap information.
[0024] In accordance with the foregoing, the radio access
technology can be an implementation of a narrow band long term
evolution (NB-LTE) technical standard; or can be an implementation
of a long term evolution machine (LTE-M) standard. Further, the
location of user equipment device can be inside a habitable
structure. Additionally, the location based service can be
operational on a position determination entity device that can be
communicatively coupled to the serving cell device.
[0025] Long term evolution (LTE) is a widely used solution for
cellular communications. LTE user equipment (UE) devices can either
use global positioning system (GPS) and/or triangulation techniques
for location based services. Both signals, GPS and/or LTE, can on
occasion not penetrate indoor locations and thus may not provide
accurate location services in these circumstances.
[0026] Cellular systems are becoming an important radio access
network technology to connecting "things," such as devices like
audio/visual devices, automotive devices, and/or home appliances
(e.g., televisions, refrigerators, freezers, thermostats, garage
door openers, security cameras, automotive entertainment centers,
and the like) to the Internet. The foregoing cellular systems and
their associated infrastructures, as well as commercially available
standardized wireless communications technologies separately and/or
in conjunction can, for instance, be reused during times of
emergency for purposes of UE device location.
[0027] Cellular manufactures, such as producers of televisions,
refrigerators, freezers, garage door openers, security cameras,
thermostats, automotive entertainment centers, . . . , and mobile
network operators (e.g., wireless and/or wired network carriers)
are already including internet of things (IoT) related
functionalities and facilities into existing cellular standards and
devices. LTE radio network functionalities can be optimized to
enable simple low cost devices. The LTE radio network
functionalities implemented in these simple low cost devices can
comprise transmission protocols and/or higher layer protocols that
can be optimized for reduced device power consumption.
Additionally, the LTE radio network functionalities and facilities
can be enhanced to boost coverage so that deep indoor locations and
rural areas can be easily accessed. The development of cellular IoT
(CIoT) is being phased in with the implementation of 3GPP (3rd
Generation Partnership Project) release 12 and 3GPP release 13
technical standards. 3GPP release 12 provides devices that have
lower costs and utilize less power and 3GPP release 13 provides
devices optimized for greater coverage and are even less expensive
than devices that implement 3GPP release 12. Additionally,
implementation of the 3GPP release 13 standard can implement narrow
band LTE (NB-LTE) and/or LTE machine (LTE-M) standards. NB-LTE
devices can typically transmit and/or receive in the approximately
200 kilohertz (kHz) broadcast spectrum, while LTE-M device can
generally transmit and/or receive in the approximately 1,4
megahertz (MHz) broadcast spectrum.
[0028] Devices that implement NB-LTE and/or LTE-M CIoT devices) can
have a larger maximum coupling loss (MCL) than traditional LTE. For
example, traditional LTE devices can experience a MCL of
approximately 140 decibels (dB) whereas NB-LTE devices can
experience a MCL that approaches approximately 164 dB, and LTE-M
devices can experience a MCL that can approach approximately 156
dB. As will be evident to those having skill in the art, MCL can
refer to the limit value of the coupling loss at which a service
can be delivered. Generally, larger MCLs relate to larger/deeper
coverage.
[0029] CIoT coverage enhancement can be achieved using a
combination of techniques including power boosting of data and/or
reference signals, repetition of data and/or reference signals,
retransmission of data and/or signals, and/or relaxing performance
requirements, for example, by allowing longer acquisition times
and/or high error rates.
[0030] CIoT devices that have implemented the NB-LTE and/or LTE-M
aspects of the 3GPP release 12 and/or 3GPP release 13 technical
specifications can be attractive solutions for cellular operators
due to a number of factors, such as low-cost especially on the
device side. For instance, NB-LTE implementations can require less
expensive radiofrequency components. In addition, cost reductions
can also be attained on the baseband side based on the lower data
rates necessary for communication. Further, other beneficial
factors can include coverage improvements due to the ability to
concentrate transmission power in a narrow bandwidth; efficient
spectrum utilization a smaller bandwidth is needed. In regard to
efficient spectrum utilization, for example, LTE-M can be deployed
by reforming only one Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication
channel, or the communication channel can be deployed on a guard
band of an existing TE deployment. Further, CIoT devices can take
advantage of existing technology as well as the installed system
base. By making NB-LTE and/or LTE-M compatible with LTE, it is
possible to reuse the same hardware and share spectrum without
coexistence issues.
[0031] By making CIoT devices that have implemented the NB-LTE
and/or LTE-M aspects of the 3GPP release 12 and/or 3GPP release 13
compatible with LTE, it is possible to reuse the same hardware and
also to share spectrum without coexistence issues. In addition,
CIoT devices can simply plug into the LTE core network. This allows
all network services such as authentication, security, policy,
tracking, and charging to be fully supported.
[0032] Location based services (LBS) can refer to an information
service, accessible by a user equipment device through a mobile
network with the ability of mapping a geographical position of the
user equipment device at any given time. One process used by mobile
network operators to provide location based services is known as
advanced forward link trilateration (AFLT). When AFLT is used a
user equipment device takes measurements of the signals of nearby
base station devices and reports time and/or distance readings back
to a position determination entity (PDE) device. The reported time
and/or distance reading received by the PDE device can then be user
to triangulate an approximate location of the user equipment
device. Typically, at least three surrounding base station devices
can be required to obtain an optimal position fix on the user
equipment device. AFLT requires precise timing, system-wide base
station synchronization, and reserved channel resources to transmit
location data.
[0033] Generally, PDE devices use the data received from user
equipment devices together with map data and/or the latitude and/or
longitude coordinates associated with the base station devices to
determine a user equipment device location. In this scenario, base
station devices periodically broadcast cell information (data) in
their pilot signals. These pilot signals can be broadcast in an
asynchronous mode to avoid weak signals emanating from base station
devices situated at vast remote distances or proximate but remote
distances relative to the user equipment device at issue, and to
ensure that the pilot signals are not swamped by signals
originating from nearby proximate base station devices.
[0034] Typically, user equipment devices can continuously and/or
periodically (e.g., at defined time intervals, at defined time
periods, when a defined time threshold has been exceeded, when a
defined time threshold has reached zero, at randomly selected
periods of time, . . . ) scan and identify substantially all the
pilot signals that they can perceive from neighboring base station
devices, including the base station device that is currently
servicing the user equipment device. Information collected and
identified by user equipment devices in regard to pilot signals can
then be transmitted to the PDE devices. The transmission of the
information the collected and identified pilot signals can be sent
to the PDE device periodically (e.g., at defined or definable time
periods).
[0035] Existing geo-location (e.g., GPS and/or trilateration)
processes for traditional LTE systems, for various reasons, are not
accurate for indoor scenarios as ranging measurements are not
always available in indoor locations. Nevertheless, indoor location
based services can be crucial for public safety and first responder
response in cases of emergency.
[0036] The subject application provides a hybrid LTE and/or CIoT
approach the improves and/or enhances location based services (LBS)
in indoor locations. The devices, systems, and/or processes
disclosed herein provides LBS for hybrid LTE and/or CIoT networks
when AFLT is used to triangulate a user equipment device position.
The described devices, systems, and/or processes overcome the
current state where poor ranging is the current norm when user
equipment devices are positioned within indoor locations.
[0037] The subject application, without limitation or loss of
generality, assumes that LTE and/or CIoT (NB-LTE and/or LTE-M)
technologies have been implemented and can co-exist in user
equipment devices and/or in the wider mobile network operator
network. The advantages and/or enhancements provided by hybrid LTE
and/or CIoT triangulation relies on frequency and/or technology
diversity. Generally, hybrid LTE and/or CIoT triangulation can
require tight dependencies between these waveforms (e.g., LTE and
CIoT (NB-LTE and/or LTE-M). The tight dependencies can be achieved
by adjusting, based on the quality of base station ranging, the
periodicity of inter-frequency and/or inter-technology scanning,
and/or the urgency of user equipment device positioning information
(e.g., in cases of emergency the periodicity of inter-frequency
and/or inter-technology scanning can be commensurately and
significantly increased). Typically, and in accordance with various
described embodiments, user equipment devices can send measurement
data corresponding, for example, to base station identification
(e.g., eNodeB device identifier data), frequency band data
representing a frequency band being used, and/or technology data
representing a radio frequency technology being used (e.g., NB-LTE,
LTE-M, LTE 4G, LTE 5G, etc.). Additionally, for purposes of
exposition, the sampling rate and/or the rate of dispatching
scanned signals sent from user equipment devices to the PDE device
can be adjusted as a function of the number of pilots signals that
have been detected and/or received by a user device within a
defined time period, The PDE device can then use the sampling rate
and/or the rate of dispatch of scanned signals sent from user
equipment devices to the PDE device to triangulate a user equipment
device position.
[0038] In accordance with one or more embodiments, a first process
can be operational on a user equipment device and a second process
can be operational on a PDE device. Generally, the first process
operational on the user equipment device can be a counterpart of
the second process operational on the PDE device and the first
process can initiate a communication session with the PDE device.
Initiation of the communication session between the first process
and the second process can correspond to the user equipment device
requesting provision of location based services from the PDE device
on which the second process can be operational.
[0039] Should the user equipment device be located indoors, then,
as will be appreciated by those of ordinarily skill in the art, the
LTE signal will typically be weak or greatly attenuated and as such
insufficient pilot signals can be received to provide an accurate
location. For instance, a user equipment device can determine that
fewer than a defined threshold number of pilot LTE signals have
been received to provide an accurate location. Based on the user
equipment device determining that insufficient pilot signals have
been received to render an accurate location, the first process
operational on the user equipment device can send a message to the
second process operational on the PDE device. The message to the
second process operational on the PDE device can, for example, be
directed through the base station device that is currently acting
as a serving cell device for the user equipment device. The message
sent by the user equipment device to the PDE device can comprise a
request for appropriate measurement gap data for location based
services.
[0040] In response to receiving a request for appropriate
measurement gap data from a user equipment device, the second
process operational on the PDE device can determine (e.g., perform
an estimation) the location of user equipment device based on a
location of the serving cell device through which the user
equipment device sent the request for appropriate measurement gap
data. The second process operational on the PDE device can
thereafter request multi-band network topologies and/or
multi-technology network topologies from a core network device,
such as in an LTE-EMS device. An LTE-EMS device is an LTE element
management system (EMS) device that comprises a collection of
similarly configured network devices and application software in
execution on the collection of similarly configured network
devices. The multi-band network topologies and/or multi-technology
network topologies can be utilized to determine frequency bands and
multi-technology broadcast technologies (e.g., LTE-M, NB-LTE, LTE
4G, LTE 5G, etc.) available at the user equipment device location
(e.g., in the proximate vicinity of the current serving cell
device). Additionally, the second process operational on the PDE
device can determine a probability that the user equipment device
can successfully receive signals broadcast within the determined
frequency bands and using one or more of the multi-technology
broadcast technologies at the indoor location at which the user
equipment device is currently location.
[0041] Based on the frequency bands and/or multi-technology
broadcast technologies available at location where the user
equipment device is situated and the probability that the user
equipment device can successfully receive broadcast signals within
the determined frequency bands and broadcast using one or more of
the multi-technology broadcast technologies at the location where
the user equipment device is situated, the second process
operational on the PDE device can determine which of the frequency
bands and/or which of the multi-technology broadcast technologies
can be used by the user equipment device to perform a scan for
pilot signals. Further, the second process operational in the PDE
device can determine a scanning periodicity that the user equipment
device should use to scan for the pilot signals. In regard to
determining which of the frequency bands and/or which of the
multi-technology broadcast technologies should be used by the user
equipment device to perform a scan for pilot signals, scanning for
frequency bands and/or multi-technology broadcast technologies that
a user equipment device cannot receive at its current location can
be a waste of time and user equipment device battery power.
[0042] The second process operational on the PDE device can then
respond to the message received earlier from the user equipment
device requesting measurement gap information for location based
services with measurement gap information that can be sent to the
serving cell device. The serving cell device then can request the
user equipment device to perform inter-band and/or inter-technology
pilot signal scanning (e.g., LTE, NB-LTE, LTE-M, etc.) for
neighboring base station devices during measurement gap intervals.
Pilot signal measurements (e.g., intra-band and/or inter-band and
inter-technology) can be sampled at defined or definable periods of
time at the user equipment device, and the user equipment device
can send these pilot signal measurements to the PDE device.
[0043] Now with reference to the Figures, FIG. 1 illustrates a
system 100 that provides enhanced location based services for
hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things
(CIoT) networks. System 100 can include user equipment device 102
that can be in communication, via a radio access network (RAN),
with a position determining entity device 104. As will be
appreciated by those having ordinary skill in the art,
communication between user equipment device 102 and position
determining entity device 104 can be facilitated by one or more
base station devices (not shown). At least one of the one or more
base station devices can be located proximate to user equipment
device 102 and can provide the facilities and/or functionalities
representative of a serving cell device for user equipment device
102.
[0044] In one instance, user equipment device 102 can be located
within the interior of a building where the LTE signal is greatly
attenuated. In an alternative instance, where, for example, there
has been a natural disaster--earthquake/hurricane--user equipment
device 102 can be located in the rubble of a collapsed structure
where the LTE signal can be weak. In a further instance, user
equipment device 102 can be situated in a rural or sparsely
populated area where, due to a paucity of telecommunication
infrastructure, the LTE signal can be greatly diminished. In such
instances, user equipment device 102 can determine whether or not
the LTE signal has become attenuated or weakened as a function of
the number of LTE pilot signals that the user equipment device 102
receives within a defined or definable time period falls below a
defined or definable threshold. The number of LTE pilot signals
received within a defined duration of time can typically be used by
user equipment device 102 to provide accurate positional
information in regard to the location of user equipment device 102.
Usually, the number of LTE pilot signals necessary to provide
accurate positional data in regard to location should exceed two
pilot signals.
[0045] In accordance with an aspect therefor, user equipment device
102 can determine whether or not, within a definable time period
(e.g., n milliseconds), the number of LTE pilot signals that have
been received fails to exceed a definable threshold value (e.g., m
pilot signals). User equipment device 102, in response to
determining that fewer LTE pilot signals than the definable
threshold value have been received within the defined time period
can initiate communication to the radio access network (RAN) using
an available alternate radio access technology, such as NB-LTE
and/or LTE-M, to a serving cell base station device (not
shown).
[0046] User equipment device 102, subsequent to initiating
communication using alternate radio access technologies, can send a
message to position determination entity device 104 via the serving
cell base station device. The message sent to the position
determination entity device 104 can represent a request for
appropriate measurement gap data for use by location based
services. User equipment device 102 then can place itself in a
hiatus state or in a state of stasis to conserve battery power
until, for example, a response is received from position
determination entity device 104.
[0047] User equipment device 102, in response to receiving a
request from the serving cell base station device through which
user equipment device 102 initiated communication with the radio
access network can perform inter-band pilot signal scanning and/or
inter-technology pilot signal scanning (e.g., LTE, NB-LTE, LTE-M,
etc.) for neighboring base station devices (e.g., access points,
eNodeB devices, . . . ) during measurement gap intervals that have
been indicated by, and supplied by, position determining entity
device 104 to the serving cell base station device. The intra-band
pilot signal measurement data, inter-band pilot signal measurement
data, and/or inter-technology pilot signal measurement data, can be
sampled periodically (e.g., every y milliseconds) by user equipment
device 102. The result of the periodic sampling can then be sent to
position determination entity device 104. Generally, user equipment
device 102 can determine the sufficiency of the number of samples
collected based on the number of pilot signals that it detects
during a fixed or defined time interval (e.g., a measurement gap
interval). User equipment device 102 can scan for LTE/CIoT signal
pilot signals during LTE measurement gaps and then can compile a
measurement report. The measurement reports collected by user
equipment device 102 during one or more measurement gap periods can
then be sent to base station devices, such as eNodeB devices. The
base station devices can use the data contained in measurement
reports received from user equipment device 102 for purposes of
handover and/or for location based service ranging.
[0048] In regard to the forgoing, it should be noted without
limitation or loss of generality, aggressive measurement gap
patterns (e.g., scanning by user equipment device 102 with a
periodicity of approximately every 40 milliseconds) can yield
faster triangulations in comparison with relaxed measurement gap
patterns (e.g., scanning by user equipment device 102 with a
periodicity set to approximately 80 ms). However, there can be a
tradeoff as aggressive measurement patterns can tend to drain user
equipment device 102 battery power much faster. Additionally, while
the LTE technical specification defines LTE-measurement gaps as
being either pattern 0 (a measurement gap with a periodicity of
approximately every 40 milliseconds) or pattern 1 (a measurement
gap with a periodicity of approximately every 80 milliseconds), the
LTE technical standard can be modified to accept a greater or
lesser number of LTE-measurement gaps. Accordingly, if necessary, a
very-aggressive measurement gap pattern can be defined wherein the
measurement gap can have a periodicity of approximately every 20
milliseconds can be utilized. Conversely, where appropriate, an
extremely-sluggish measurement gap pattern can be defined so that
the measurement gap can have periodicity of approximately 160
milliseconds.
[0049] Additionally, in the context of the foregoing, pilot signal
measurements (e.g., intra-band, inter-band, and/or
inter-technology) can be sampled by user equipment device 102 at a
defined periodicity (e.g., every y milliseconds), whereupon the
results of the sampling can be reported to position determination
entity device 104. Small values of y can refer to user equipment
device 102 sending frequent updates to position determination
entity device 104 which can cause the battery life of user
equipment device 102 to rapidly drain. In contrast, large values of
y refers to user equipment device 102 sending less frequent updates
to position determination entity device 104 which can extend the
battery life of user equipment device 102.
[0050] Typically, user equipment device 102 will only scan
technologies and/or frequency bands that are likely to provide
accurate signal reading information for triangulation. For example,
if position determining entity device 104 determines that user
equipment device 102 is located in an area where LTE-M (300
megahertz (MHz) and 900 MHz), NB-LTE (400 MHz), and LTE(1.8
gigahertz (GHz)) compliant base station devices are operational,
user equipment device 102 can be requested to only scan LTE-M (300
MHz) and NB-LTE (400 MHz) since low frequency bands CIoT
technologies are more likely to penetrate an indoor location.
Scanning for frequency bands or technologies that user equipment
device 102 cannot receive at its current location can be a waste of
time and user equipment device 102 battery power.
[0051] The decision as to whether user equipment device 102 should
use an aggressive measurement gap pattern, a relaxed measurement
gap pattern, a sluggish measurement gap pattern, or very aggressive
measurement gap pattern can be based on an emergency level. The
emergency level can be based on whether a location based service
request comes from an application, such as a social networking
application, or the location based service request is associated
with an emergency situation (e.g., 911 call). Where the location
based service request comes from a social networking application a
sluggish measurement gap pattern can be implemented. Conversely,
where the location based service request is associated with an
emergency situation, a very aggressive measurement gap pattern can
be implemented.
[0052] In regard to measurement gaps, when user equipment device
102 is in RRC_CONNECTED mode, it can continuously measure signal
power of its current frequency and can report these measurement
back to a serving cell base station device. If the reported signal
power falls below a predetermined threshold (e.g., user equipment
device 102 is getting out of the coverage area of the serving cell
base station device), the serving cell base station device can
request that user equipment device 102 perform LTE inter-frequency
measurements and/or inter-radio access technology (RAT)
measurements. Typically, the serving cell base station device sends
measurement configuration data to user equipment device 102, which
can include measurement gap pattern sequences. During measurement
gaps, user equipment device 102 can inactivate reception and
transmission activities with serving cell base station device
placing these activities in a state of stasis. The LTE measurement
gap patterns can comprise gaps every N LTE frames (e.g., the gap
periodicity is a multiple of 10 milliseconds), where N denotes an
integer value. Generally, the measurement gap length (MGL) is
generally 6 milliseconds in duration. A single measurement gap
pattern can typically be used to monitor all possible radio access
technologies (inter-frequency LTE FDD (frequency-division duplex)
and TDD (time-division duplex), UMTS, etc.). As is noted earlier,
two gap patterns "pattern 0" and "pattern 1" have been defined in
the LTE technical standard. LTE technical standard also provides
for a gap length of approximately 6 milliseconds, using two
different measurement gap repetition rates (MPRG) of 40
milliseconds or 80 milliseconds. Measurement reports collected
during measurement gaps are sent by user equipment device 102 to
the serving cell base station device. The serving cell base station
device can then use this information for purposes of handover or
for ranging in the context of location based services.
[0053] Position determination entity device 104 in response to
receiving, via a serving cell base station device, a message from
user equipment device 102, position determination entity device 104
can determine the location of user equipment device 102 based, for
example, on geographical coordinates (e.g., latitude and/or
longitude coordinates) or one or more geo-location tags assigned by
a mobile network operator to the serving cell base station device.
Once position determination entity device 104 has determined the
location of user equipment device 102 based on the geographical
coordinates assigned to the serving cell base station device,
position determination entity device 104 can request multi-band
network topology data and/or multi-technology network topology data
from an LTE-EMS core network device. The multi-band network
topology data and/or multi-technology network topology data can be
used to estimate the frequency bands and/or technologies that are
available at the location where user equipment device 102 is
currently located. Position determination entity device 104 can
also determine a probability that can be associated with a
likelihood that user equipment device 102 will successfully receive
the signals at the indoor location and which user equipment device
102 is located. Based on the frequency bands and/or technologies
and/or the determined probabilities, position determination entity
device 104 can determine which of the frequency bands and/or
technologies can be best used by user equipment device 102 to scan,
and the corresponding pilot signal scanning periodicity.
Thereafter, position determination entity device 104 responds to
the earlier received message received from user equipment device
102 by sending measurement gap data to the serving cell base
station device, whereupon the serving cell base station device
sends a request to user equipment device 102 to perform inter-band
and/or inter technology pilot signal scanning (LTE, NB-LTE, LTE-M)
for neighboring base station devices during defined or definable
measurement gap intervals.
[0054] FIG. 2 provides illustration of user equipment device 102,
now labeled as system 200, for the provision of enhanced location
based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular
Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. System 200 can include
determination engine 202 that can be coupled to processor 204,
memory 206, and storage 208. Determination engine 202 can be in
communication with processor 204 for facilitating operation of
computer or machine executable instructions and/or components by
determination engine 202, memory 206, for storing data and/or the
computer or machine executable instructions and/or components, and
storage 208 for providing longer term storage of data and/or
machine and/or computer readable instructions. Additionally, system
200 can also receive input 210 for use, manipulation, and/or
transformation by determination engine 202 to produce one or more
useful, concrete, and tangible result, and/or transform one or more
articles to different states or things. Further, system 200 can
also generate and output the useful, concrete, and tangible results
and/or the transformed one or more articles produced by
determination engine 202 and output as output 212.
[0055] System 200, solely for purposes of elucidation, can be any
type of mechanism, machine, device, facility, apparatus, and/or
instrument that includes a processor and/or is capable of effective
and/or operative communication with a wired and/or wireless network
topology. Mechanisms, machines, apparatuses, devices, facilities,
and/or instruments that can comprise system 100 can include tablet
computing devices, handheld devices, server class computing
machines and/or databases, laptop computers, notebook computers,
desktop computers, cell phones, smart phones, consumer appliances
and/or instrumentation, industrial devices and/or components,
hand-held devices, personal digital assistants, multimedia Internet
enabled phones, multimedia players, and the like.
[0056] Determination engine 102, based on a determination that the
LTE signal has become weak and/or attenuated (e.g., the LTE signal
strength has fallen below an first established threshold) and/or
that there is an insufficiency of pilot signals (e.g., the number
of pilot signals has fallen below a second established threshold)
to provide an accurate location, determination engine 102 can
initiate communication with the network through any available radio
access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-M, NB-LTE, . . . ). Determination
engine 102 can thereafter send a message, through its serving cell
base station device, to a position determination entity device
(e.g., position determination entity device 104) requesting
measurement gap information for use by a location based service.
Determination engine 102 can thereafter place itself in a sleep
state.
[0057] Determination engine 102, in response to receiving a request
from the serving cell base station device through which user
equipment device 102 initiated communication with the radio access
network, can take itself out of the sleep state and thereafter can
perform inter-band pilot signal scanning and/or inter-technology
pilot signal scanning (e.g., LTE, NB-LTE, LTE-M, etc.) for
neighboring base station devices (e.g., access point devices,
eNodeB devices, devices that have implemented technologies
associated with NB-LTE, devices that have implemented technologies
associated with LTE-M, . . . ) during measurement gap intervals
that have been indicated by, and supplied by, a position
determining entity device 104 to the serving cell base station
device. The intra-band pilot signal measurement data, inter-band
pilot signal measurement data, and/or inter-technology pilot signal
measurement data, can be sampled periodically (e.g., every y
milliseconds) by determination engine 202. The result of the
periodic sampling can then be sent to position determination entity
device 104. Generally, determination engine 202 can determine the
sufficiency of the number of samples collected based on the number
of pilot signals that it detects during a fixed or defined time
interval (e.g., a measurement gap interval). Determination engine
202 can scan for LTE/CIoT signal pilot signals during LTE
measurement gaps and then can compile a measurement report. The
measurement reports collected by determination engine 202 during
one or more measurement gap periods can then be sent to base
station devices other than the current serving cell base station
device. The other base station devices can use the data contained
in measurement reports received from determination engine 202 for
purposes of handover and/or for location based service ranging.
[0058] FIG. 3 provides additional illustration of user equipment
device 102, now represented as system 300, that in accordance with
various embodiments provides for the provision of enhanced location
based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular
Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. In this depiction, system 300
can comprise determination engine 202 that can be communicatively
coupled to processor 204, memory 206, and storage 208.
Additionally, communicatively coupled to determination engine 202
can be threshold component 302. Determination engine 202 in
conjunction with threshold component 302 determine whether or not
the LTE signal has become attenuated or weakened as a function of
the number of LTE pilot signals that have been received within a
defined or definable time period falls below a defined or definable
threshold. As noted earlier, the number of LTE pilot signals
received within a defined duration of time can typically be used by
user equipment device 102 to provide accurate positional
information in regard to the location of user equipment device 102.
Usually, the number of LTE pilot signals necessary to provide
accurate positional data in regard to location should exceed two
pilot signals. Threshold component 302 can determine whether or
not, within a definable time period, the number of LTE pilot
signals that have been received fails to exceed a definable
threshold value.
[0059] FIG. 4 provides additional illustration of user equipment
device 102, now represented as system 400, that in accordance with
various embodiments provides for the provision of enhanced location
based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular
Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. In this illustration, system
400 can comprise determination engine 202 that can be
communicatively coupled to threshold component 302, processor 204,
memory 206, and storage 208. Additionally, communicatively coupled
to determination engine 202 can be dispatch component 402. Dispatch
component 402 in response to threshold component 302 determining
that fewer LTE pilot signals than the definable threshold value
have been received within the defined time period can initiate
communication to the radio access network (RAN), using an available
alternate radio access technology, such as NB -LTE and/or LTE-M, to
a serving cell base station device.
[0060] FIG. 5 provides additional depiction of user equipment
device 102, now represented as system 500, that in accordance with
various embodiments provides for the provision of enhanced location
based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular
Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. In this illustration, system
500 can comprise determination engine 202 that can be
communicatively coupled to dispatch component 402, threshold
component 302, processor 204, memory 206, and storage 208.
Additionally, communicatively coupled to determination engine 202
can be scanning component 502.
[0061] Scanning component 502, in response to user equipment device
102 receiving a request from the serving cell base station device
through which user equipment device 102 initiated communication
with the radio access network, can perform inter-band pilot signal
scanning and/or inter-technology pilot signal scanning (e.g., LTE,
NB-LTE, LTE-M, etc.) for neighboring base station devices during
measurement gap intervals that have been indicated by, and supplied
by, position determining entity device 104 to the serving cell base
station device.
[0062] FIG. 6 provides further depiction of user equipment device
102, now represented as system 600, that in accordance with various
embodiments provides for the provision of enhanced location based
services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular
Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. In this illustration, system
600 can comprise determination engine 202 that can be
communicatively coupled to sampling component 502, dispatch
component 402, threshold component 302, processor 204, memory 206,
and storage 208. Additionally, communicatively coupled to
determination engine 202 can be sampling component 602.
[0063] Intra-band pilot signal measurement data, inter-band pilot
signal measurement data, and/or inter-technology pilot signal
measurement data, can be sampled periodically (e.g., every y
milliseconds) by sampling component 602. The result of the periodic
sampling can then be sent to position determination entity device
104. Generally, sampling component 602 can determine the
sufficiency of the number of samples collected based on the number
of pilot signals that it detects during a fixed or defined time
interval (e.g., a measurement gap interval). Scanning component 502
and/or sampling component 602 can scan for LTE/CIoT signal pilot
signals during LTE measurement gaps and then can compile a
measurement report. The measurement reports collected by user
equipment device 102 during one or more measurement gap periods can
then be sent to base station devices, such as eNodeB devices. The
base station devices can use the data contained in measurement
reports received from user equipment device 102 for purposes of
handover and/or for location based service ranging.
[0064] FIG. 7 provides illustration of position determining entity
device 104, now represented as system 700 that in accordance with
various embodiments provides for the provision of enhanced location
based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or Cellular
Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. System 700 can include
assessment engine 702 that can be coupled to processor 704, memory
706, and storage 708. Assessment engine 702 can be in communication
with processor 704 for facilitating operation of computer or
machine-executable instructions and/or components by assessment
engine 702, memory 706 for storing data and/or the computer or
machine-executable instructions and/or components, and storage 708
for providing longer term storage of data and/or machine and/or
computer readable instructions. Additionally, system 700 can also
receive input 710 for use, manipulation, and/or transformation by
assessment engine 702 to produce one or more useful, concrete, and
tangible result, and/or transform one or more articles to different
states or things. Further, system 700 can also generate and output
the useful, concrete, and tangible results and/or the transformed
one or more articles produced by assessment engine 702 and output
as output 712.
[0065] System 700, for purposes of exposition, can be any type of
mechanism, machine, device, facility, apparatus, and/or instrument
that includes a processor and/or is capable of effective and/or
operative communication with a wired and/or wireless network
topology. Mechanisms, machines, apparatuses, devices, facilities,
and/or instruments that can comprise system 700 can include devices
and instrumentalities associated with satellite technologies,
devices included in automotive vehicles, tablet computing devices,
handheld devices, server class computing machines and/or databases,
laptop computers, notebook computers, desktop computers, cell
phones, smart phones, consumer appliances and/or instrumentation,
industrial devices and/or components, hand-held devices, personal
digital assistants, multimedia Internet enabled phones, multimedia
players, and the like.
[0066] Assessment engine 702, in response to receiving, via a
serving cell base station device, a message from user equipment
device 102, can determine the location of user equipment device 102
based, for example, on geographical coordinates (e.g., latitude
and/or longitude coordinates) or geo-location tags assigned by a
mobile network operator to the serving cell base station device.
Assessment engine 702, based on the location of user equipment
device 102 in relation to the serving cell base station device, can
request multi-band network topology data and/or multi-technology
network topology data from an LTE-EMS core network device.
Assessment engine 702 can employ the multi-band network topology
data and/or multi-technology network topology data to determine the
frequency bands and/or technologies that are extant at the location
where user equipment device 102 is currently located. Assessment
engine 702 can also determine a probability that can be associated
with a likelihood that user equipment device 102 will successfully
receive the signals at the indoor location and in which user
equipment device 102 is located. Based on the frequency bands
and/or technologies and/or the determined probabilities, assessment
engine 702 can determine which of the frequency bands and/or
technologies can be best utilized by user equipment device 102 to
scan, and the corresponding pilot signal scanning periodicity that
user equipment device 102 should use to perform the pilot signal
scanning. Assessment engine 702 can thereafter respond to the
earlier received message received from user equipment device 102 by
sending measurement gap data to the serving cell base station
device. The serving cell base station device can then send a
request to user equipment device 102 to perform inter-band and/or
inter technology pilot signal scanning (LTE, NB-LTE, LTE-M) for
neighboring base station devices during defined or definable
measurement gap intervals.
[0067] FIG. 8 provides additional depiction of position determining
entity device 104, now represented as system 800 that in accordance
with various embodiments provides for the provision of enhanced
location based services for hybrid long term evolution (LTE) and/or
Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. As illustrated, system
800 can comprise estimation component 802 operatively coupled to
assessment engine 702, processor 704, memory 706, and storage 708.
Estimation component 802, in response to receiving, via a serving
cell base station device, a message from user equipment device 102,
can determine the location of user equipment device 102 based, for
example, on geographical coordinates (e.g., latitude and/or
longitude coordinates) or geo-location tags assigned by a mobile
network operator to the serving cell base station device.
[0068] FIG. 9 provides an additional illustration of position
determining entity device 104, now represented as system 900 that
in accordance with various embodiments provides for the provision
of enhanced location based services for hybrid long term evolution
(LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. As
illustrated, system 900 can comprise request component 902
communicatively coupled to assessment engine 702, processor 704,
memory 706, and storage 708. Request component 902, based on the
location of user equipment device 102 in relation to the serving
cell base station device, can request multi-band network topology
data and/or multi-technology network topology data from an LTE-EMS
core network device. Request component 902 can employ the
multi-band network topology data and/or multi-technology network
topology data to determine the frequency bands and/or technologies
that are extant at the location where user equipment device 102 is
currently located.
[0069] FIG. 10 provides a further illustration of position
determining entity device 104, now represented as system 1000 that
in accordance with various embodiments provides for the provision
of enhanced location based services for hybrid long term evolution
(LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. As
illustrated, system 1000 can comprise probability component 1002
operatively coupled to assessment engine 702, processor 704, memory
706, and storage 708. Probability component 1002 can determine a
probability that can be associated with a likelihood that user
equipment device 102 will successfully receive signals at an indoor
location in which user equipment device 102 is located.
[0070] FIG. 11 provides further illustration of position
determining entity device 104, now represented as system 1100 that
in accordance with various embodiments provides for the provision
of enhanced location based services for hybrid long term evolution
(LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. As
illustrated, system 1100 can comprise determination component 1102
communicatively coupled to assessment engine 702, processor 704,
memory 706, and storage 708. Based on the frequency bands and/or
technologies, determined by request component 902 and/or the
determined probabilities determined by probability component 1002,
determination component 1102 can determine which of the frequency
bands and/or technologies can be best utilized by user equipment
device 102 to scan, and the corresponding pilot signal scanning
periodicity that user equipment device 102 should use to perform
the pilot signal scanning.
[0071] In view of the example system(s) described above, example
method(s) that can be implemented in accordance with the disclosed
subject matter can be better appreciated with reference to the
flowcharts in FIG. 12. For purposes of simplicity of explanation,
example method disclosed herein is presented and described as a
series of acts; however, it is to be understood and appreciated
that the disclosure is not limited by the order of acts, as some
acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other
acts from that shown and described herein. For example, one or more
example methods disclosed herein could alternatively be represented
as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state
diagram. Moreover, interaction diagram(s) may represent methods in
accordance with the disclosed subject matter when disparate
entities enact disparate portions of the methods. Furthermore, not
all illustrated acts may be required to implement a described
example method in accordance with the subject specification.
Further yet, the disclosed example method can be implemented in
combination with one or more other methods, to accomplish one or
more aspects herein described. It should be further appreciated
that the example method disclosed throughout the subject
specification are capable of being stored on an article of
manufacture (e.g., a computer-readable medium) to allow
transporting and transferring such methods to computers for
execution, and thus implementation, by a processor or for storage
in a memory.
[0072] FIG. 12 illustrates a method 1200 for the provision of
enhanced location based services for hybrid long term evolution
(LTE) and/or Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks. Method
1200 can commence at act 1202 wherein, system 700 (e.g., position
determination entity device 104), can determine a location of a
user equipment device (e.g., user equipment device 102) based on
geo-location data assigned to a serving cell base station device by
a mobile network operator. At 1204, based on the location of the
user equipment device, system 700 can request multi-band network
topology data and/or multi-technology network topology data from a
core network device (e.g., LTE-EMS device). At 1206, system 700 can
employ the multi-band network topology data and/or the
multi-technology network topology data to determine a frequency
band and/or a network technology extant at the location (or within
the proximity) of the user equipment device. At 1208, system 700,
based on the location of the user equipment device and/or the
determined frequency band and/or the determined network technology,
can further determine a probability (or a likelihood) that a
transmission using the determined frequency band and/or the
determined network technology will successfully be received by the
user equipment device. At 1210, system 700, based on the determined
probability, the determined frequency band, or the determined
network technology, can send measurement gap data to the serving
cell base station device.
[0073] It should be realized and appreciated by those of ordinary
skill, the foregoing non-limiting example use application(s) are
merely illustrations of a use to which the disclosed and described
solution can be applied and thus are provided solely for the
purposes of exposition. The described and disclosed subject matter
is therefore not limited to the foregoing example application(s),
but can find applicability in other more generalized circumstances
and use applications.
[0074] FIG. 13 presents an example embodiment 1300 of a mobile
network platform 1310 that can implement and exploit one or more
aspects of the disclosed subject matter described herein.
Generally, wireless network platform 1310 can include components,
e.g., nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms,
that facilitate both packet-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol
(IP), frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and
circuit-switched (CS) traffic (e.g., voice and data), as well as
control generation for networked wireless telecommunication. As a
non-limiting example, wireless network platform 1310 can be
included in telecommunications carrier networks, and can be
considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein.
Mobile network platform 1310 includes CS gateway node(s) 1312 which
can interface CS traffic received from legacy networks like
telephony network(s) 1340 (e.g., public switched telephone network
(PSTN), or public land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system
#7 (SS7) network 1370. Circuit switched gateway node(s) 1312 can
authorize and authenticate traffic (e.g., voice) arising from such
networks. Additionally, CS gateway node(s) 1312 can access
mobility, or roaming, data generated through SS7 network 1360; for
instance, mobility data stored in a visited location register
(VLR), which can reside in memory 1330. Moreover, CS gateway
node(s) 1312 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PS
gateway node(s) 1318. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS
gateway node(s) 1312 can be realized at least in part in gateway
GPRS support node(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that
functionality and specific operation of CS gateway node(s) 1312, PS
gateway node(s) 1318, and serving node(s) 1316, is provided and
dictated by radio technology(ies) utilized by mobile network
platform 1310 for telecommunication.
[0075] In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic
and signaling, PS gateway node(s) 1318 can authorize and
authenticate PS-based data sessions with served mobile devices.
Data sessions can include traffic, or content(s), exchanged with
networks external to the wireless network platform 1310, like wide
area network(s) (WANs) 1350, enterprise network(s) 1370, and
service network(s) 1380, which can be embodied in local area
network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced with mobile network
platform 1310 through PS gateway node(s) 1318. It is to be noted
that WANs 1350 and enterprise network(s) 1370 can embody, at least
in part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS).
Based on radio technology layer(s) available in technology
resource(s) 1317, packet-switched gateway node(s) 1318 can generate
packet data protocol contexts when a data session is established;
other data structures that facilitate routing of packetized data
also can be generated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway
node(s) 1318 can include a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel
termination gateway (TTG) in 3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown))
which can facilitate packetized communication with disparate
wireless network(s), such as Wi-Fi networks.
[0076] In embodiment 1300, wireless network platform 1310 also
includes serving node(s) 1316 that, based upon available radio
technology layer(s) within technology resource(s) 1317, convey the
various packetized flows of data streams received through PS
gateway node(s) 1318. It is to be noted that for technology
resource(s) 1317 that rely primarily on CS communication, server
node(s) can deliver traffic without reliance on PS gateway node(s)
1318; for example, server node(s) can embody at least in part a
mobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network,
serving node(s) 1316 can be embodied in serving GPRS support
node(s) (SGSN).
[0077] For radio technologies that exploit packetized
communication, server(s) 1314 in wireless network platform 1310 can
execute numerous applications that can generate multiple disparate
packetized data streams or flows, and manage (e.g., schedule,
queue, format . . . ) such flows. Such application(s) can include
add-on features to standard services (for example, provisioning,
billing, customer support . . . ) provided by wireless network
platform 1310. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that are part of a
voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gateway node(s)
1318 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a data
session, and to serving node(s) 1316 for communication thereafter.
In addition to application server, server(s) 1314 can include
utility server(s), a utility server can include a provisioning
server, an operations and maintenance server, a security server
that can implement at least in part a certificate authority and
firewalls as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In an
aspect, security server(s) secure communication served through
wireless network platform 1310 to ensure network's operation and
data integrity in addition to authorization and authentication
procedures that CS gateway node(s) 1312 and PS gateway node(s) 1318
can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s) can provision services
from external network(s) like networks operated by a disparate
service provider; for instance, WAN 1350 or Global Positioning
System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s) can
also provision coverage through networks associated to wireless
network platform 1310 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same
service provider), such as femto-cell network(s) (not shown) that
enhance wireless service coverage within indoor confined spaces and
offload radio access network resources in order to enhance
subscriber service experience within a home or business environment
by way of UE 1375.
[0078] It is to be noted that server(s) 1314 can include one or
more processors configured to confer at least in part the
functionality of macro network platform 1310. To that end, the one
or more processors can execute code instructions stored in memory
1330, for example. It should be appreciated that server(s) 1314 can
include a content manager 1315, which operates in substantially the
same manner as described hereinbefore.
[0079] In example embodiment 1300, memory 1330 can store
information related to operation of wireless network platform 1310.
Other operational information can include provisioning information
of mobile devices served through wireless platform network 1310,
subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes,
e.g., promotional rates, flat-rate programs, couponing campaigns;
technical specification(s) consistent with telecommunication
protocols for operation of disparate radio, or wireless, technology
layers; and so forth. Memory 1330 can also store information from
at least one of telephony network(s) 1340, WAN 1350, enterprise
network(s) 1370, or SS7 network 1360. In an aspect, memory 1330 can
be, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as a
remotely connected memory store.
[0080] In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the
disclosed subject matter, FIG. 14, and the following discussion,
are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable
environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject
matter can be implemented. While the subject matter has been
described above in the general context of computer-executable
instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and/or
computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the
disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination
with other program modules. Generally, program modules include
routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform
particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data
types.
[0081] In the subject specification, terms such as "store,"
"storage," "data store," data storage," "database," and
substantially any other information storage component relevant to
operation and functionality of a component, refer to "memory
components," or entities embodied in a "memory" or components
comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory
components described herein can be either volatile memory or
nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile
memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatile memory
1420 (see below), non-volatile memory 1422 (see below), disk
storage 1424 (see below), and memory storage 1446 (see below).
Further, nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory
(ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM
(EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts
as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not
limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM
(SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data
rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM
(SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the
disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are
intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these
and any other suitable types of memory.
[0082] Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter
can be practiced with other computer system configurations,
including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems,
mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal
computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, watch,
tablet computers, netbook computers, . . . ), microprocessor-based
or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like.
The illustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed
computing environments where tasks are performed by remote
processing devices that are linked through a communications
network; however, some if not all aspects of the subject disclosure
can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed
computing environment, program modules can be located in both local
and remote memory storage devices.
[0083] FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a computing system
1400 operable to execute the disclosed systems and methods in
accordance with an embodiment. Computer 1412, which can be, for
example, part of the hardware of system 100, includes a processing
unit 1414, a system memory 1416, and a system bus 1418. System bus
1418 couples system components including, but not limited to,
system memory 1416 to processing unit 1414. Processing unit 1414
can be any of various available processors. Dual microprocessors
and other multiprocessor architectures also can be employed as
processing unit 1414.
[0084] System bus 1418 can be any of several types of bus
structure(s) including a memory bus or a memory controller, a
peripheral bus or an external bus, and/or a local bus using any
variety of available bus architectures including, but not limited
to, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel
Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive
Electronics , VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI), Card Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced
Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card International
Association bus (PCMCIA), Firewire (IEEE 1194), and Small Computer
Systems Interface (SCSI).
[0085] System memory 1416 can include volatile memory 1420 and
nonvolatile memory 1422. A basic input/output system (BIOS),
containing routines to transfer information between elements within
computer 1412, such as during start-up, can be stored in
nonvolatile memory 1422. By way of illustration, and not
limitation, nonvolatile memory 1422 can include ROM, PROM, EPROM,
EEPROM, or flash memory. Volatile memory 1420 includes RAM, which
acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not
limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as SRAM, dynamic
RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR
SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus
direct RAM (RDRAM), direct Rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus
dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
[0086] Computer 1412 can also include removable/non-removable,
volatile/non-volatile computer storage media. FIG. 14 illustrates,
for example, disk storage 1424. Disk storage 1424 includes, but is
not limited to, devices like a magnetic disk drive, floppy disk
drive, tape drive, flash memory card, or memory stick. In addition,
disk storage 1424 can include storage media separately or in
combination with other storage media including, but not limited to,
an optical disk drive such as a compact disk ROM device (CD-ROM),
CD recordable drive (CD-R Drive), CD rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive)
or a digital versatile disk ROM drive (DVD-ROM). To facilitate
connection of the disk storage devices 1424 to system bus 1418, a
removable or non-removable interface is typically used, such as
interface 1426.
[0087] Computing devices typically include a variety of media,
which can include computer-readable storage media or communications
media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another
as follows.
[0088] Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage
media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both
volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage
media can be implemented in connection with any method or
technology for storage of information such as computer-readable
instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured
data. Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not
limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory
technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical
disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk
storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other tangible media
which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the
term "tangible" herein as may be applied to storage, memory or
computer-readable media, is to be understood to exclude only
propagating intangible signals per se as a modifier and does not
relinquish coverage of all standard storage, memory or
computer-readable media that are not only propagating intangible
signals per se. In an aspect, tangible media can include
non-transitory media wherein the term "non-transitory" herein as
may be applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, is to
be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se
as a modifier and does not relinquish coverage of all standard
storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only
propagating transitory signals per se. For the avoidance of doubt,
the term "computer-readable storage device" is used and defined
herein to exclude transitory media. Computer-readable storage media
can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices,
e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval
protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the
information stored by the medium.
[0089] Communications media typically embody computer-readable
instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured
or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data
signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and
includes any information delivery or transport media. The term
"modulated data signal" or signals refers to a signal that has one
or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as
to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example,
and not limitation, communication media include wired media, such
as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media
such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
[0090] It can be noted that FIG. 14 describes software that acts as
an intermediary between users and computer resources described in
suitable operating environment 1400. Such software includes an
operating system 1428. Operating system 1428, which can be stored
on disk storage 1424, acts to control and allocate resources of
computer system 1412. System applications 1430 take advantage of
the management of resources by operating system 1428 through
program modules 1432 and program data 1434 stored either in system
memory 1416 or on disk storage 1424. It is to be noted that the
disclosed subject matter can be implemented with various operating
systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0091] A user can enter commands or information into computer 1412
through input device(s) 1436. As an example, mobile device and/or
portable device can include a user interface embodied in a touch
sensitive display panel allowing a user to interact with computer
1412. Input devices 1436 include, but are not limited to, a
pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad,
keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner,
TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera,
cell phone, smartphone, tablet computer, etc. These and other input
devices connect to processing unit 1414 through system bus 1418 by
way of interface port(s) 1438. Interface port(s) 1438 include, for
example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, a universal
serial bus (USB), an infrared port, a Bluetooth port, an IP port,
or a logical port associated with a wireless service, etc. Output
device(s) 1440 use some of the same type of ports as input
device(s) 1436.
[0092] Thus, for example, a USB port can be used to provide input
to computer 1412 and to output information from computer 1412 to an
output device 1440. Output adapter 1442 is provided to illustrate
that there are some output devices 1440 like monitors, speakers,
and printers, among other output devices 1440, which use special
adapters. Output adapters 1442 include, by way of illustration and
not limitation, video and sound cards that provide means of
connection between output device 1440 and system bus 1418. It
should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices
provide both input and output capabilities such as remote
computer(s) 1444.
[0093] Computer 1412 can operate in a networked environment using
logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote
computer(s) 1444. Remote computer(s) 1444 can be a personal
computer, a server, a router, a network PC, cloud storage, cloud
service, a workstation, a microprocessor based appliance, a peer
device, or other common network node and the like, and typically
includes many or all of the elements described relative to computer
1412.
[0094] For purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 1446
is illustrated with remote computer(s) 1444. Remote computer(s)
1444 is logically connected to computer 1412 through a network
interface 1448 and then physically connected by way of
communication connection 1450. Network interface 1448 encompasses
wire and/or wireless communication networks such as local-area
networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN). LAN technologies
include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed
Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet, Token Ring and the like. WAN
technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links,
circuit-switching networks like Integrated Services Digital
Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks,
and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL). As noted below, wireless
technologies may be used in addition to or in place of the
foregoing.
[0095] Communication connection(s) 1450 refer(s) to
hardware/software employed to connect network interface 1448 to bus
1418. While communication connection 1450 is shown for illustrative
clarity inside computer 1412, it can also be external to computer
1412. The hardware/software for connection to network interface
1448 can include, for example, internal and external technologies
such as modems, including regular telephone grade modems, cable
modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.
[0096] The above description of illustrated embodiments of the
subject disclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is
not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments
to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and
examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various
modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of
such embodiments and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art
can recognize.
[0097] In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been
described in connection with various embodiments and corresponding
Figures, where applicable, it is to be understood that other
similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can
be made to the described embodiments for performing the same,
similar, alternative, or substitute function of the disclosed
subject matter without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the
disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single
embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in
breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.
[0098] As it employed in the subject specification, the term
"processor" can refer to substantially any computing processing
unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising,
single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread
execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors
with software multithread execution capability; multi-core
processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel
platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory.
Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an
application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal
processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a
programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic
device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete
hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform
the functions described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale
architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and
quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to
optimize space usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A
processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing
processing units.
[0099] In the subject specification, terms such as "store,"
"storage," "data store," data storage," "database," and
substantially any other information storage component relevant to
operation and functionality of a component, refer to "memory
components," or entities embodied in a "memory" or components
comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory
components described herein can be either volatile memory or
nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile
memory.
[0100] As used in this application, the terms "component,"
"system," "platform," "layer," "selector," "interface," and the
like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity or an
entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more
specific functionalities, wherein the entity can be either
hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or
software in execution. As an example, a component may be, but is
not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a
processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a
program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration and not
limitation, both an application running on a server and the server
can be a component. One or more components may reside within a
process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized
on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
In addition, these components can execute from various computer
readable media, device readable storage devices, or machine
readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The
components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such
as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets
(e.g., data from one component interacting with another component
in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such
as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another
example, a component can be an apparatus with specific
functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or
electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware
application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be
internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part
of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a
component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality
through electronic components without mechanical parts, the
electronic components can include a processor therein to execute
software or firmware that confers at least in part the
functionality of the electronic components.
[0101] In addition, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive
"or" rather than an exclusive "or." That is, unless specified
otherwise, or clear from context, "X employs A or B" is intended to
mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X
employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs
A or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances.
Moreover, articles "a" and "an" as used in the subject
specification and annexed drawings should generally be construed to
mean "one or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context
to be directed to a singular form.
[0102] Moreover, terms like "user equipment (UE)," "mobile
station," "mobile," subscriber station," "subscriber equipment,"
"access terminal," "terminal," "handset," and similar terminology,
refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a
wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control,
voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or
signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably
in the subject specification and related drawings. Likewise, the
terms "access point (AP)," "base station," "NodeB," "evolved Node B
(eNodeB)," "home Node B (HNB)," "home access point (HAP)," "cell
device," "sector," "cell," and the like, are utilized
interchangeably in the subject application, and refer to a wireless
network component or appliance that serves and receives data,
control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any
data-stream or signaling-stream to and from a set of subscriber
stations or provider enabled devices. Data and signaling streams
can include packetized or frame-based flows.
[0103] Additionally, the terms "core-network", "core", "core
carrier network", "carrier-side", or similar terms can refer to
components of a telecommunications network that typically provides
some or all of aggregation, authentication, call control and
switching, charging, service invocation, or gateways. Aggregation
can refer to the highest level of aggregation in a service provider
network wherein the next level in the hierarchy under the core
nodes is the distribution networks and then the edge networks. UEs
do not normally connect directly to the core networks of a large
service provider but can be routed to the core by way of a switch
or radio area network. Authentication can refer to determinations
regarding whether the user requesting a service from the telecom
network is authorized to do so within this network or not. Call
control and switching can refer determinations related to the
future course of a call stream across carrier equipment based on
the call signal processing. Charging can be related to the
collation and processing of charging data generated by various
network nodes. Two common types of charging mechanisms found in
present day networks can be prepaid charging and postpaid charging.
Service invocation can occur based on some explicit action (e.g.,
call transfer) or implicitly (e.g., call waiting). It is to be
noted that service "execution" may or may not be a core network
functionality as third party network/nodes may take part in actual
service execution. A gateway can be present in the core network to
access other networks. Gateway functionality can be dependent on
the type of the interface with another network.
[0104] Furthermore, the terms "user," "subscriber," "customer,"
"consumer," "prosumer," "agent," and the like are employed
interchangeably throughout the subject specification, unless
context warrants particular distinction(s) among the terms. It
should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities
or automated components (e.g., supported through artificial
intelligence, as through a capacity to make inferences based on
complex mathematical formalisms), that can provide simulated
vision, sound recognition and so forth.
[0105] Aspects, features, or advantages of the subject matter can
be exploited in substantially any, or any, wired, broadcast,
wireless telecommunication, radio technology or network, or
combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of such technologies or
networks include Geocast technology; broadcast technologies (e.g.,
sub-Hz, ELF, VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, THz broadcasts, etc.);
Ethernet; X.25; powerline-type networking (e.g., PowerLine AV
Ethernet, etc.); femto-cell technology; Wi-Fi; Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX); Enhanced General
Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS); Third Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP or 3G) Long Term Evolution (LTE); 3GPP Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or 3GPP UMTS; Third
Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband
(UMB); High Speed Packet Access (HSPA); High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA); High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA); GSM
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network
(RAN) or GERAN; UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN); or
LTE Advanced.
[0106] What has been described above includes examples of systems
and methods illustrative of the disclosed subject matter. It is, of
course, not possible to describe every combination of components or
methods herein. One of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that
many further combinations and permutations of the disclosure are
possible. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "includes,"
"has," "possesses," and the like are used in the detailed
description, claims, appendices and drawings such terms are
intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term
"comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a
transitional word in a claim.
* * * * *