U.S. patent application number 17/526553 was filed with the patent office on 2022-08-11 for athletic monitoring garment with non-transmitting, non-receiving sensor systems and methods.
The applicant listed for this patent is adidas AG. Invention is credited to Bryce BEAMER.
Application Number | 20220249936 17/526553 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-08-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220249936 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BEAMER; Bryce |
August 11, 2022 |
ATHLETIC MONITORING GARMENT WITH NON-TRANSMITTING, NON-RECEIVING
SENSOR SYSTEMS AND METHODS
Abstract
A garment including a breath sensor module. The breath sensor
module includes a stretchable sensor configured to respond to at
least one of expansion and contraction of a torso of an individual
wearing the garment. The breath sensor module also may include an
electronics module. The electronics module includes, for example, a
processor and a haptic feedback device. In response to the
processor determining that the individual's breathing meets
predetermined criteria based on the response of the stretchable
sensor, the haptic feedback device produces haptic feedback such
that the individual is reminded to breathe. Further, the breath
sensor module does not include a transmitter or a receiver
configured to transmit or receive data outside of the breath sensor
module. Advantageously, this allows for streamlined use, and
less-intrusive reminders to the individual wearing the garment,
without the complexities of signal transmission or receiving.
Inventors: |
BEAMER; Bryce; (Albion,
NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
adidas AG |
Herzogenaurach |
|
DE |
|
|
Appl. No.: |
17/526553 |
Filed: |
November 15, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15862299 |
Jan 4, 2018 |
11173373 |
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17526553 |
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International
Class: |
A63B 71/06 20060101
A63B071/06; A41C 3/00 20060101 A41C003/00; A41D 1/00 20060101
A41D001/00; A61B 5/00 20060101 A61B005/00; A61B 5/08 20060101
A61B005/08; A61B 5/113 20060101 A61B005/113 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. A breath sensor comprising: a stretchable sensor configured to
respond to an individual's respiratory activity; and an electronics
module comprising: a processor; and a feedback device, wherein in
response to the processor determining that the individual's
respiratory activity meets predetermined criteria based on the
response of the stretchable sensor, the feedback device is
configured to produce feedback to remind the individual to breathe,
wherein the breath sensor does not include a transmitter or a
receiver and is configured to operate without communication with
any external device.
3. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the electronic module does
not include a battery.
4. The breath sensor of claim 3, wherein the electronics module
further comprises a capacitive sensor, wherein the capacitive
sensor is configured for energy storage.
5. The breath sensor of claim 4, wherein the capacitive sensor is
configured to recharge through inductive or capacitive
charging.
6. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the feedback provided by
the feedback device is a vibration pattern.
7. The breath sensor of claim 6, wherein the feedback device if
configured such that the vibration pattern intensifies if the
individual's respiratory activity does not resume a regular pattern
or if the individual continues to not take a breath.
8. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the breath sensor is
configured to activate upon being tapped or a touched by the
individual.
9. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the breath sensor is
configured to automatically detect being worn by the individual,
and the breath sensor is configured to begin monitoring the
individual's respiratory activity when the breath sensor detects
being worn.
10. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the breath sensor is
encapsulated in a garment such that the breath sensor is configured
to not be visible from an exterior of the garment when the
individual is wearing the garment.
11. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the breath sensor is
configured such that it does not include an audible output or
visual output to provide feedback to remind the individual to
breathe.
12. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the predetermined
criteria consists of a determination that the individual has not
taken a breath within a pre-defined time threshold.
13. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the predetermined
criteria consists of a determination that the individual is not
breathing in a predefined pattern.
14. The breath sensor of claim 2, wherein the electronics include a
switch operable by the individual to begin monitoring with the
stretchable sensor.
15. A method for providing feedback about respiratory activity to
an individual, the method comprising: providing a breath sensor
having a processor, a feedback device, and a stretchable sensor,
wherein the stretchable sensor is configured to respond the
individual's respiratory activity; sensing a respiratory event via
the stretchable sensor, the respiratory event indicating a start of
monitoring of the individual's respiratory activity; monitoring,
without exchanging data with any external device, the individual's
respiratory activity via the stretchable sensor; determining via
the processor, without exchanging data with any external device,
that the individual's breathing meets predetermined criteria based
on the monitoring; and providing feedback from the feedback device
to the individual in response to determining that the individual's
breathing meets the predetermined criteria.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: receiving a user
input indicating an ending of monitoring of the individual's
respiratory activity.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising recharging a
capacitive sensor of the breath sensor through inductive or
capacitive charging.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the feedback provided by the
feedback device is a vibration pattern.
19. The method claim 18, wherein the vibration pattern intensifies
if the individual's respiratory activity does not resume a regular
pattern or if the individual continues to not take a breath.
20. A respiration monitoring system comprising: a stretchable
sensor configured to respond to an individual's respiratory
activity and transmit a non-transitory respiration activity signal;
a processor operatively coupled to the stretchable sensor and
configured to receive the non-transitory respiration activity
signal; and a feedback device operatively coupled to the processor,
wherein in response to the non-transitory respiration activity
signal the processor determines that a predetermined criteria is
met and causes the feedback device to provide feedback to the
individual, wherein the stretchable sensor, processor, and feedback
device are configured to operate together without communication
with any external device, transmitter, or receiver.
21. The respiration monitoring system of claim 20, wherein the
stretchable sensor is wirelessly coupled to the processor and the
processor is wirelessly coupled to the feedback device.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation application of prior U.S.
application Ser. No. 15/862,299, filed Jan. 4, 2018, the disclosure
of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to
streamlined athletic monitoring garments having breath sensor
modules, including flexible sensor systems, such as printed
capacitive sensor systems used in substrate applications. Haptic
feedback is provided to the user, without complicated
user-interfaces or other connected devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Athletic activity is important to maintaining a healthy
lifestyle and is a source of entertainment for many people. In
recent years athletes have employed additional tools in an effort
to assist in tracking and coaching workouts. For example, GPS and
accelerometer based devices may be used to provide speed and
distance information when running. Fitness monitoring devices have
also been developed that are capable of recording information about
an individual's performance during an athletic activity using
sensors, and in some cases providing feedback about the
individual's performance. Some fitness monitoring devices employ
sensors attached to the individual's body, while other fitness
monitoring devices rely on sensors attached to a piece of athletic
equipment. Such sensors may be capable of measuring various
physical and/or physiological parameters associated with the
individual's physical activity.
[0004] But with respect to providing this information, existing
athletic/fitness activity monitoring, training, and coaching
systems suffer from a number of drawbacks. Many existing systems
are limited in the amount of feedback or coaching that they can
give, and may be bulky, heavy, and not integrated into a piece of
equipment. For example, many systems require a separate piece of
equipment, such as a smart phone, smart watch, other stand-alone
wearable device, or the like. These systems are not suitable for
monitoring in many real world athletic competitive or training
sessions.
[0005] Additionally, many current devices require a high level of
user input or engagement, which may detract from an easy transition
to and maintaining use of a monitoring garment. Further, many
current devices do not auto-detect activity; that is, a user must
"tell" the device that they are starting an activity they would
like to monitor. Further, for some activity, such as yoga, the
feedback may be distracting or not provided in a convenient manner
(e.g., having to pull up a smartphone screen during yoga practice).
Individualized activity, particularly that which relies on mental
awareness and focus, such as yoga, will benefit from the systems
and methods described below.
[0006] Additionally, existing garment sensors may measure strain,
displacement, and the like but also suffer from several drawbacks.
In the case of stretchable garment sensors, e.g., sensors printed
using conductive ink, cracks or fissures may develop in one or more
of the sensor layers. Cracks may reduce accuracy of the sensor
signal, or destroy the signal completely.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] What is needed are athletic activity training, and coaching,
systems and methods having improved capabilities over existing
systems, thus offering individuals engaged in athletic activities
and other interested observers better tools to improve their
performance through feedback. In this regard, sensors integrated
within garments offer an advantage, especially with regard to base
layers of clothing worn close to the skin, by providing properly
fitting garments that move with the body, allowing sensors to
collect accurate and precise data, without being overly intrusive
or distracting. Also needed are improvements in layering and
printing sensors, in particular capacitive sensors. Strain relief
systems in printed sensor systems, particularly capacitive sensor
systems are also required.
[0008] At least some of the embodiments of the present invention
satisfy the above needs and provide further related advantages as
will be made apparent by the description that follows.
[0009] Some embodiments are directed to a garment including a
breath sensor module. The breath sensor module includes a
stretchable sensor configured to respond to at least one of
expansion and contraction of a torso of an individual wearing the
garment. The breath sensor module also may include an electronics
module. The electronics module includes, for example, a processor
and a haptic feedback device. In response to the processor
determining that the individual's breathing meets predetermined
criteria based on the response of the stretchable sensor, the
haptic feedback device produces haptic feedback such that the
individual is reminded to breathe. Further, the breath sensor
module does not include a transmitter or a receiver configured to
transmit or receive data outside of the breath sensor module.
Advantageously, this allows for streamlined manufacturing and use,
and less-intrusive reminders to the individual wearing the garment,
without the complexities of signal transmission or receiving.
[0010] In some embodiments, the predetermined criteria consists of
a determination that the individual has not taken a breath within a
pre-defined time threshold. In some embodiments, the predetermined
criteria consists of a determination that the individual is not
breathing in a regular pattern. The haptic feedback is a vibration
pattern in some embodiments. Further, the electronics module is
separable from the breath sensor module. In this regard, ability to
launder the garment is improved, and more flexible charging of the
electronics module is possible (i.e., the individual may continue
wearing the garment while the electronics module is charging).
[0011] The electronics module may include a switch operable by the
individual to begin monitoring of the breath by the stretchable
sensor. For example, it may be a toggle switch or other suitable
switch, or the stretch sensor module may also be configured as an
input, e.g., the individual may tap a pattern or press on the
sensor for a predetermined amount of time.
[0012] In some embodiments, the stretchable sensor is a capacitive
sensor. As described herein, the stretchable sensor (e.g.,
capacitive sensor) may include a stretchable substrate, a first
conductor assembly disposed on the substrate, and a second
conductor assembly disposed on the substrate and positioned above
the first conductor assembly such that the second conductor
assembly overlaps the first conductor assembly. Advantageously, a
connection between the stretchable sensor and the electronics
module includes a strain relief member configured to isolate the
stretchable sensor such that it measures only the stretching of the
sensor in a direction configured to measure the breathing of the
individual. This helps to aid in removing concern about motion
artifacts, e.g., the requirement for compensation due to difference
in individual posture, for example when in different yoga
poses.
[0013] In some embodiments, the wherein the breath sensor module
does not include an audible output or visual output configured to
provide feedback to remind the individual to breathe.
[0014] The garment includes a band of elastic material configured
to encircle the torso of the individual when the garment is worn by
the individual--the stretchable sensor extends longitudinally along
the band. The electronics module is encapsulated in fabric of the
garment such that it is not visible from the exterior of the
garment when the individual is wearing it, in some embodiments.
This also provides an aesthetic appeal of the garment, camouflaging
the electronics so as not to detract from the appearance of the
garment.
[0015] Some embodiments are directed to a method for providing
feedback about respiratory activity to an individual wearing a
garment (e.g., garment with a breath sensor module). The method
includes sensing an event indicating a start of monitoring of the
individual's respiratory activity, monitoring the individual's
respiratory activity, and determining that the individual's
breathing meets predetermined criteria based on the monitoring. In
sensing of the event, the user input required to begin monitoring
of the activity is minimized, in some instances to zero user input
required. In some embodiments, the event sensed comprises one of a
user input, determining that the user is breathing, and detection
of the garment being worn. In response to determining that a
pre-defined respiratory event occurred, the method further includes
providing immediate feedback to the user through the breath sensor
module. The breath sensor module does not include a transmitter or
a receiver configured to transmit or receive data outside of the
breath sensor module, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the
predetermined criteria consists of a determination that the
individual has not taken a breath within a pre-defined time
threshold. In some embodiments, the criteria is that the individual
is breathing in an irregular pattern. In some embodiments, the
immediate feedback is haptic feedback in the form of a vibration
pattern.
[0016] In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a user
input indicating a finish of monitoring of the individual's
respiratory activity. The electronics module is separable from the
breath sensor module, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the
garment comprises an athletic bra, and the electronics module is
encapsulated in the fabric of the garment such that it is not
visible from an exterior of the garment when the individual is
wearing it.
[0017] Some embodiments are directed to a respiration monitoring
system. In some embodiments, the system includes a garment
configured to be worn by an individual, a stretchable sensor
attached to the garment, a processor operatively coupled to the
sensor; and a breath sensor module operatively coupled to the
processor. The stretchable sensor is configured to transmit a
non-transitory respiration activity signal to the processor, and in
response to the respiration activity signal the processor
determines that a predetermined criteria is met. Further, in
response to determining that the predetermined criteria is met, the
processor causes the breath sensor module to provide immediate
haptic feedback to the individual wearing the garment.
[0018] Advantageously, and distinct from conventional approaches,
these features contribute to a reduced cost of manufacture, and
easier manufacturing/assembly of a finished garment. Further,
without complex electronics and transmission, there is a marked
power consumption compared to conventional monitoring garments.
[0019] Additional features of embodiments of the invention will be
set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be
apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the
invention. Both the foregoing general description and the following
detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended
to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
[0020] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES
[0021] The accompanying figures, which are incorporated herein,
form part of the specification and illustrate embodiments of the
present invention. Together with the description, the figures
further serve to explain the principles of and to enable a person
skilled in the relevant arts to make and use the invention.
[0022] FIGS. 1A and 1B are illustrations of an individual using a
garment including a breath sensor module according to an embodiment
of the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 2 is an illustration of a capacitive sensor system
according to embodiments of the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 3 an illustration of a capacitive sensor system
according to embodiments of the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 4 is an illustration of a capacitive sensor system
according to embodiments of the present invention.
[0026] FIG. 5 is a partial exploded view of the capacitive sensor
system shown in FIG. 4 according to embodiments of the present
invention.
[0027] FIG. 6 is a partial exploded view of a capacitive sensor
system according to embodiments of the present invention.
[0028] FIG. 7 is an illustration of a capacitive sensor system with
an electronic module according to embodiments of the present
invention.
[0029] FIG. 8 illustration of a capacitive sensor system with an
electronic module according to embodiments of the present
invention.
[0030] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of a method for providing feedback
about respiratory activity to an individual wearing a garment with
a breath sensor module.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail with
reference to embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
[0032] The methods and systems discussed above are further
described below. The figures below may apply to both the method and
system embodiments of the invention. While capacitive sensor
systems are described, the various methods and systems described
herein may be applied to other types of sensor systems, for
example, resistive, inductive, etc.
[0033] Turning to FIGS. 1A and 1B, individual 1 is shown using a
garment 2, particularly a sports bra, with breath sensor module 10,
including electronic module 20 and stretchable sensor 100. As shown
in FIG. 1A, the breath sensor module 10 or electronic module 20 may
be coupled to data or charging system 30, for example, to download
sensor data or charge the electronic module. In use, however, data
or charging system 30 may be wireless such that individual 1 is
free to move without the need for extra components, such as wires
or cable connections. Moreover, is some embodiments, charging
system 30 is standalone, and the breath sensor module 10 does not
include a transmitter or a receiver configured to transmit or
receive data outside of the breath sensor module. Additionally,
breath sensor module 10 and electronic module 20 may not include a
battery, and instead simply use a capacitive sensor system as
described herein as energy storage, recharging through inductive or
capacitive charging. In this way, there may be a high charging
rate, e.g. approximately a 15 second charge provides approximately
3-4 hours of use.
[0034] As described generally above, the garments described herein
overcome many prior challenges with designing effective but
unobtrusive monitoring garments. What is needed are athletic
activity training, and coaching, systems and methods having
improved capabilities over existing systems, thus offering
individuals engaged in athletic activities and other interested
observers better tools to improve their performance through
feedback. In this regard, sensors such as breath sensor module 10,
integrated within garments, offer an advantage, especially with
regard to base layers of clothing worn close to the skin, by
providing properly fitting garments that move with the body,
allowing sensors to collect accurate and precise data, without
being overly intrusive or distracting.
[0035] For example, during yoga practice, mindfulness of breath is
particularly important to individuals engaged in the activity.
Individual's breathing impacts their performance biometrics, and
can affect their performance in the activity. Additionally, breath
control is one of the pieces of an activity that an individual can
most easily control, but it is difficult to obtain instruction on,
especially if an individual is engaged in a group activity or
class, such as a yoga class. An instructor is unable to tell if an
individual is breathing, or inhaling at the right time,
consistently, or in a regular pattern. It is difficult to determine
that an individual is holding their breath, and remind them to
breathe. In this regard, breath sensor module 10 may operate to
remind the individual to breathe if the individual has stopped to
breathe, or identify irregular breathing patterns such that it
reminds the individual to normalize or regulate their breathing.
This is especially true with activities that require a great deal
of focus, such as challenging yoga poses.
[0036] Indeed, breath sensor module 10 may be completely local,
such that it does not require a phone, smart watch, or any
additional external device to operate during use to distract the
individual further from their activity. In this way, breath sensor
module 10 allows the individual to maintain focus and engagement on
the activity, while being provided with a gentle reminder to be
cognizant of breathing regularly, even during challenging activity.
To be sure, the embodiments described herein may not provide a
suggested rhythm, or pattern, such as a metronome. Rather, the
breath sensor module 10 is generally only designed to provide
reminders to breathe if an individual has not taken a breath after
a certain period of time, or if the breath sensor module 10
recognizes an abnormal breathing pattern. This is a less intrusive
way to remind an individual to breathe.
[0037] With this background, as described above, FIG. 1 shows
garment 2 including a breath sensor module10. Garment 2 is
configured as an athletic bra, in some embodiments. Other forms or
variations of garment 2 are contemplated, such that a breath sensor
module 10 may monitor an individual's breath.
[0038] As shown in the FIGS., breath sensor module 10 includes a
stretchable sensor 50 configured to respond to at least one of
expansion and contraction of a torso of an individual wearing
garment 2. The breath sensor module 10 also may include an
electronics module 20, which includes, for example, a processor and
a haptic feedback device. In response to the processor determining
that the individual's breathing meets predetermined criteria based
on the response of stretchable sensor 50, the haptic feedback
device produces haptic feedback such that the individual is
reminded to breathe. In this way, the individual may continue focus
on the activity at hand, e.g., yoga practice. Further, in one
embodiment, the breath sensor module 10 does not include a
transmitter or a receiver configured to transmit or receive data
outside of breath sensor module 10. As discussed above, this allows
for streamlined design and use, and less-intrusive reminders to the
individual wearing garment 2, without the complexities of signal
transmission or receiving. In this embodiment, no smartphone, smart
watch, screen notification, etc. is required, and therefore
distractions to the individual are minimized, allowing them to
focus their effort on the athletic task at hand. However, in other
embodiments, the breath sensor module may be capable operating in
two different modes: one mode without the support of an additional
external device, and one mode with the support of an additional
external device. These embodiments give the user the option of
enabling or disabling the ability to connect with these external
devices.
[0039] In some embodiments, the predetermined criteria consists of
a determination that the individual has not taken a breath within a
pre-defined time threshold. In some embodiments, the predetermined
criteria consists of a determination that the individual is not
breathing in a regular pattern. The haptic feedback is a vibration
pattern in some embodiments. The haptic feedback may include
auditory feedback, subtle such that the individual is the only one
to hear it. In some embodiments, the wherein the breath sensor
module does not include an audible output or visual output
configured to provide feedback to remind the individual to breathe.
Further, the electronics module 20 is separable from the breath
sensor module 10. In this regard, ability to launder garment 2 is
improved, and more flexible charging of the electronics module 20
is possible (i.e., the individual may continue wearing the garment
while electronics 20 module is charging). In some embodiments, the
haptic feedback may progressively intensify, if the individual's
breathing does not resume a regular pattern, or if the individual
continues to not take a breath. This feature may aid in breaking
the individual's concentration in order to sufficiently remind them
to breath, with the haptic feedback resuming a normal intensity on
a subsequent event. In this way, garment 2 coupled with breath
sensor module 10 strikes a balance between unintrusive feedback and
effectiveness at gaining an individual's attention to remind them
to breathe.
[0040] The electronics module 20 may include a switch operable by
the individual to begin monitoring of the breath by the stretchable
sensor 50. For example, it may be a toggle switch, or the breath
sensor module 10 may also be configured as an input, e.g., the
individual may tap a pattern or press on the sensor itself for a
predetermined amount of time. Electronics module 20 may be
programmed to recognize these patterns or duration as commands to
begin monitoring, start monitoring, change feedback intensity, etc.
In some embodiments, automatic detection of an individual wearing
the garment 2 is what will indicate to the electronics module 20 to
begin monitoring of the breath by the stretchable sensor 50. The
user interface of breath sensor module 10 is thus intuitive,
without complex pairing between multiple devices, user accounts,
servers, etc. The garment 2 thus provides a personalized, private
experience to the individual, without a complex interface.
[0041] The garment 2 includes a band of elastic material 21
configured to encircle the torso of the individual when garment 2
is worn by the individual. As configured, stretchable sensor 50
then extends longitudinally along the band, which aids in detecting
the expansion or contraction (or both of the individual's torso).
In some embodiments, breath sensor module 10 detects the change
point from inhaling to exhaling, or vice versa. In this way, auto
detection is possible, that is, the individual does not have to
"tell" the garment to begin monitoring. The electronics module 20
is encapsulated in fabric of garment 2 in some embodiments. It may
be stitched directly into garment 2, or may be encapsulated in a
pocket, for example. In this way, electronics module 20 is not
visible from the exterior of the garment when the individual is
wearing it, in some embodiments. This also provides an aesthetic
appeal of the garment, camouflaging the electronics so as not to
detract from the appearance of the garment.
[0042] Some embodiments are directed to a respiration monitoring
system, including garment 2 and stretchable sensor 50. The
stretchable sensor 50 is attached to garment 20. Additionally, a
processor is operatively coupled to the sensor; and a breath sensor
module 10 is operatively coupled to the processor. The stretchable
sensor 50 is configured to transmit a non-transitory respiration
activity signal to the processor, and in response to the
respiration activity signal the processor determines that a
predetermined criteria is met. Further, in response to determining
that the predetermined criteria is met, the processor causes the
breath sensor module to provide immediate haptic feedback to the
individual wearing the garment. In streamlining this construction,
and distinct from conventional approaches, these features
contribute to a reduced cost of manufacture, and easier
manufacturing/assembly of a finished garment. Further, without
complex electronics and transmission, there is a marked power
consumption compared to conventional monitoring garments.
[0043] Some embodiments are directed to a method for providing
feedback about respiratory activity to an individual wearing a
garment (e.g., garment with a breath sensor module). Such a method
is illustrated in FIG. 9, for example, starting with operation 900.
At operation 900, the method includes sensing an event indicating a
start of monitoring of the individual's respiratory activity. At
operation 902, the method includes monitoring the individual's
respiratory activity, and at operation 904, the method includes
determining that the individual's breathing meets predetermined
criteria based on the monitoring. In response to determining that a
pre-defined respiratory event occurred, the method further includes
(at operation 906, providing immediate feedback to the user through
the breath sensor module. As above, the breath sensor module does
not include a transmitter or a receiver configured to transmit or
receive data outside of the breath sensor module, in some
embodiments. In some embodiments, the predetermined criteria
consists of a determination that the individual has not taken a
breath within a pre-defined time threshold. In some embodiments,
the event sensed comprises one of a user input, determining that
the user is breathing, and detection of the garment being worn. In
some embodiments, the immediate feedback is haptic feedback in the
form of a vibration pattern. In some embodiments, the method
includes operation 908, sensing an event indicating a finish of
monitoring of the individual's respiratory activity (e.g.,
receiving a user input indicating a finish of monitoring of the
individual's respiratory activity, detecting that the garment is no
longer being worn, etc.). The electronics module is separable from
the breath sensor module, in some embodiments. In some embodiments,
the garment comprises an athletic bra, and the electronics module
is encapsulated in the fabric of the garment such that it is not
visible from an exterior of the garment when the individual is
wearing it.
[0044] Strain sensors in general are used to measure strain on an
object. In some instances, a common type of strain gauge consists
of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil
pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable
adhesive. As the object is deformed, the foil is also deformed,
causing its electrical resistance to change. This resistance
change, usually measured using a Wheatstone bridge, is related to
the strain by the quantity known as the gauge factor.
[0045] Capacitance is the ability of a system to store an electric
charge, that is, the ratio of the charge in a system to the
corresponding change in its electric potential. Further, in the
case of a parallel plate capacitor, capacitance is directly
proportional to the surface area of the conductor plates and
inversely proportional to the separation distance between the
plates. That is, if the area of the conductor plates are increased,
a capacitance measurement increases. Similarly, if the separation
distance between the plates is decreased, a capacitance measurement
increases. Other configurations of capacitive sensors rely on
capacitance changing based on particular geometrical relations
between components changing. Thus, certain dimensional
relationships between components may be applied as above to
correlate change in capacitance with a change in strain. This is in
contrast to resistive-strain sensor applications. Compared to
capacitive applications, resistance based sensors generally suffer
from high levels of hysteresis and high levels of signal noise.
[0046] As further described below, in some embodiments, the
stretchable sensor 50 is a capacitive sensor. As described herein,
the stretchable sensor 50 (e.g., capacitive sensor) may include a
stretchable substrate, a first conductor assembly disposed on the
substrate, and a second conductor assembly disposed on the
substrate and positioned above the first conductor assembly such
that the second conductor assembly overlaps the first conductor
assembly. Advantageously, a connection between the stretchable
sensor and the electronics module includes a strain relief member
configured to isolate the stretchable sensor such that it measures
only the stretching of the sensor in a direction configured to
measure the breathing of the individual. This helps to aid in
removing concern about motion artifacts, e.g., the requirement for
compensation due to difference in individual posture, for example
when in different yoga poses.
[0047] The repeated stresses on stretchable sensor 50, coupled with
the need for a robust garment that can withstand repeated
laundering, benefits from improvements related to stretchable
sensors in general. Several such improvements are now described
with reference to the figures.
[0048] As shown in FIG. 2, stretchable sensor 50 employed by breath
sensor module 10 may include a stretchable sensor such as
capacitive sensor system 100, including a substrate, e.g.,
stretchable substrate 102. As shown, substrate 102 may be
operatively coupled with capacitive area 104, formed for example
with conductive ink. As described below, with reference to FIG. 5,
capacitive sensor systems disclosed may include at least two
conductor assemblies, for example, conductor assembly 500 and
conductor assembly 600, disposed below conductor assembly 500,
which define capacitive area 104. Further detail of the
construction and layering of the conductor assemblies into a
finished capacitive sensor system, including substrate structure is
provided below, with reference to FIG. 5.
[0049] Capacitive area 104 may extend along a stretching direction
of substrate 102, such that when an individual moves along the
stretching direction, the area of capacitive area 104 changes,
which results in a change in capacitance. As shown, in some
embodiments, capacitive sensor system 100 includes leads 106/108
that are screen printed in the same way as capacitive area 104, and
extend substantially perpendicular to capacitive area 104. Leads
106/108 may include terminal ends 110/112, that connect to
connection pad 114, such that the electrical signal (e.g., change
in capacitance that may be converted to a strain measurement) from
the sensor may be transmitted through the system to, for example,
an electronic module (not shown).
[0050] As above, capacitance in a parallel plate capacitor is
calculated as the area of the capacitive plates divided by the
distance between them, multiplied by a permittivity constant. In
this regard, a measured capacitance change due to stretching the
sensor and thus changing the capacitive area 104, for known
permittivity and constant or estimated distance between layers of
conductor assemblies 500/600, strain may be sensed or calculated
based on the change in the capacitive area 104.
[0051] As shown in FIG. 2, during repeated use, the printed sensor
layers in capacitive area 104 may develop cracks or fissures, due
to repeated strain cycling, prolonged strain, or large stress
magnitudes. Various factors contribute to the formation of cracks
or fissures, including direction of strain, material or
manufacturing variation, number of cycles, length of strain, types
of or magnitudes of stress, etc. This decreases the effective
capacitive area 104 as the circuit becomes incomplete, and may
reduce accuracy of the sensor or destroy the sensor completely, as
it cuts off a large amount of capacitive area 104 from the ultimate
sensor circuit.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 3, in some embodiments, capacitive sensor
200 includes many of the same components as capacitive sensor
system 100, such as substrate 202, capacitive area 204, leads
206/208 that extend substantially perpendicular to capacitive area
204. Leads 206/208 may include terminal ends 210/212 that connect
to connection pad 214. Additionally, in some embodiments,
capacitive sensor 200 includes redundancy member 216. Redundancy
member 216 may include generally serpentine peaks 218 and troughs
220, and may be printed in the same manner as capacitive area 204.
Redundancy member 216 and capacitive area 204 are operatively and
structurally coupled at junctions 222. In some embodiments,
redundancy member 216 may be operatively and structurally coupled
to one or more of the conductor assemblies 500/600, at junctions
222. Redundancy member 216 may include lead 224 that connects to
lead 206 or 208, for example. In some embodiments, redundancy
member 216 connects directly to connection pad 214.
[0053] In some embodiments the first and second leads 206/208 may
extend substantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments,
first and second leads 206/208 may extend such that they do not
overlap one another, in contrast to the capacitive area 204, where
conductor assemblies 500/600 may overlap one another.
[0054] In some embodiments, redundancy member 216 is configured to
absorb stress in the stretching direction. As shown, even if
capacitive sensor 200 develops cracks or fissures through
capacitive area 204 through repetitive strain cycling, the
connection to the overall circuit is not completely disrupted
because the capacitive area is still coupled via redundancy member
216 at junctions 222. Advantageously, the generally serpentine
structure including peaks 218 and troughs 220 lend greater
flexibility to the printed layers, and resist the development of
cracks and fissures over repeated strain cycling. In some
embodiments, the curved nature of the generally serpentine
structure induces bending/buckling out of plane relative to the
general plane of the sensor, which increases strain relief and
avoids formation of fissures or cracks due to material fatigue from
either strain cycling or large stress magnitudes. In some
embodiments the conductor assemblies 500/600 have a longitudinal
configuration extending in a stretching direction. In some
embodiments, redundancy member 216 has a serpentine configuration,
including at least a serpentine peak and a serpentine trough. In
some embodiments, redundancy member 216 is coupled to the one of
the conductor assemblies 500/600 via junction 222 coupled to the
serpentine trough.
[0055] As used herein, "serpentine" includes waveform patterns of
constant or variable amplitudes, generally sinusoidal patterns,
curvilinear forms, "horseshoe" type waveforms where the peaks and
troughs are nested next to one another, etc.
[0056] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, in some embodiments, first
conductor assembly 600 is disposed on the substrate, and second
conductor assembly 500 is disposed on the substrate and above the
first conductor assembly such that the second conductor assembly
generally overlaps the first conductor assembly. In some
embodiments, a first lead 312 is positioned at a terminal end of
the first conductor assembly 600, and a second lead 310 is
positioned at a terminal end of the second conductor assembly 500
and offset from the first lead 312. In some embodiments, leads
310/312 extend substantially parallel to the one another. In some
embodiments, one or more of leads 310/312 extend substantially
perpendicular to one or more of the conductor assemblies. In some
embodiments, the first terminal end of each of the conductor
assemblies extend substantially parallel to one another. In some
embodiments, the first terminal end of each of the conductor
assemblies is offset from one another. In some embodiments, the
second terminal end of each of the conductor assemblies extend
substantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments, the
second terminal end of each of the conductor assemblies is offset
from one another. In some embodiments, the conductor assemblies
600/500 are used as a conductor for other sensors or actuators
beyond capacitive sensors. Each of the conductive assemblies or
layers as described herein may be similarly used for conducting
components for other sensors or actuators beyond capacitive
sensors.
[0057] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, in some embodiments, the
capacitive area may be configured as a serpentine structure
including peaks 318 and troughs 320, taking advantage of additional
flexibility in configuration. As shown, in some embodiments, a
first serpentine conductor assembly 600 may be disposed on the
substrate and having first and second terminal ends 312 coupled to
the substrate 302, a second serpentine conductor assembly 500
disposed above and overlapping the first conductor assembly 600 and
having first and second terminal ends 310 coupled to the substrate,
wherein a terminal end of the first conductor assembly 600 is
offset from the corresponding terminal end of the second conductor
assembly 500. In some embodiments, the serpentine structure may
have a predetermined frequency, dimensions, pitch, etc. In some
embodiments, these dimensions may vary along the length of sensor
300, or may be constant.
[0058] To illustrate the general layering structure of capacitive
sensor systems 100, 200, and 300, FIG. 5 shows a partial exploded
view of an exemplary layering structure according to an embodiment
of various capacitive sensor systems as disclosed herein. As shown,
capacitive sensor systems 100, 200, and 300 may include at least
two conductor assemblies, for example, conductor assembly 500 and
conductor assembly 600, disposed below conductor assembly 500. As
shown, each conductor assembly may be configured with multiple
layers, for example, a layer of conductive ink 606/506, such as
silver ink, may be followed with an intermediate layer of
conductive ink 604/504, such as carbon ink. In some embodiments, an
insulation layer 602/502 may be disposed above intermediate layer
604/504. In some embodiments, the number of conductive layers, type
of material, order of materials, etc., may be varied. With
reference to embodiments including redundancy member 216, in some
embodiments, redundancy member 216 may be formed only in some of
the particular layers of conductor assemblies 500/600. In some
embodiments, redundancy member 216 may include different geometries
at different layers of conductor assemblies 500/600.
[0059] In some embodiments, the base layer of the conductive
assembly smooths the printing surface for subsequent layers. In
general, carbon layers tend to me more stable, durable, and
washable, but have lower conductivity. In contrast, silver layers
are less durable but offer relatively higher conductivity at the
expense of increased cost. In some embodiments, layers including
carbon are used to protect layers including silver, and may also
lower cost. Additionally, other types of layers, such as
silver-silver chloride may improve certain types of additional
physiological signals, such as EMG or ECG signals. In some
embodiments, insulation layers are printed to reduce the number of
films needed, or to extend the performance of the films, or improve
the performance of the capacitive sensor. In some embodiments,
insulation is positioned between adjacent conductive layers. In
some embodiments, insulation is positioned between capacitive
assemblies and other capacitive or conductive bodies, (e.g., the
body of a subject, a sweaty fabric).
[0060] In some embodiments, multiple layers of conductors or
conductive assemblies reduce signal noise generated from the body.
In some embodiments, multiple layers of conductors or conductive
assemblies may be used as an input sensor, such as a touch
sensor.
[0061] As shown, in some embodiments, the layers of each of the
conductor assemblies may be separately printed, for example, screen
printed or ink jet printed, as traces disposed on top of each other
in layers, prior to integration with the garment. In some
embodiments, the layers are printed (e.g., screen printed, ink-jet
printed, direct deposition, stenciling, etc.) and then cut (e.g.,
laser cut, die cut, etc.) out to their desired shape prior to
integration. In some embodiments, a film layer 608 may be used as a
bottom-most layer on one or more of the conductor assemblies
500/600, acting as an effective platform for one or more of the
conductor assemblies. In some embodiments, film layer 608 may be,
for example a polyurethane film. In this regard, film layer 608 is
configured as a stretchable layer. In some embodiments, film layer
608 may be predisposed on substrate 302. In some embodiments, film
layer 608 may be applied to substrate 302 once the conductor
assemblies have been printed onto it. In some embodiments, the
conductor assemblies 500/600 may be stacked, and then applied to
substrate 302, such as a fabric for a garment, for example, through
heat pressing.
[0062] Turning to FIG. 6, to illustrate additional features along
with general layering structure of capacitive sensor systems 100,
200, and 300, FIG. 6 shows a partial exploded view of an exemplary
layering structure (similar to FIG. 5) according to an embodiment
of various capacitive sensor systems as disclosed herein. As shown,
capacitive sensor systems 100, 200, and 300 may include at least
two conductor assemblies, for example, conductor assembly 500 and
conductor assembly 600, disposed below conductor assembly 500. FIG.
6 additionally shows exemplary feedback module 700. In some
embodiments, feedback module 700 includes, for example, haptic
motor 702, which may provide haptic feedback to an individual. In
some embodiments, a haptic circuit 704, e.g., a printed circuit
board, may be operatively coupled to haptic motor 702, as well as
the capacitive sensor system. This coupling occurs through
connections 706, for example. Connections 706 include, for example,
conductive adhesive. In some embodiments, other connection types
may be used, for example, soldering, mechanical connectors, and the
like. In some embodiments, feedback module 700 includes a housing
708. In some embodiments, housing 708 may be an elastomer
overmolded assembly, encasing the feedback module 700. In some
embodiments, housing 708 may be other materials, for example, a
plastic, metal, or fabric material.
[0063] With additional technical advantages described with respect
to a layered configuration, an additional strain relief innovation
is described, along with further aesthetic developments, beginning
with FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, a sensor system is shown, which in some
embodiments includes a stretchable sensor 50 (e.g., a stretchable
capacitive sensor as disclosed above), an electronics module 20 in
a housing coupled to the sensor 50, and a strain relief member 40
extending from the stretchable sensor and coupling to the
electronics module. In some embodiments, module 20 may be
encapsulated in a substrate, or in a film layer such as the film
layer described above. In this regard, module 20 may be configured
to be used without ports or jacks on the outer surface of the
module. When integrated with a garment, for example, module 20 may
be wholly encapsulated in a fabric, such that it is hidden from
view. In some embodiments, strain relief member 40 extends off axis
to the stretching direction of sensor 50. In this regard, strain
relief member 40 may be configured such that sensor 50 does not
respond to movement of the strain relief member 40. As shown, the
connections to the strain relief member 40 and the electronics
module 20 (or connections to the strain relief member 40 and sensor
50) are positioned such that the trace is allowed to bend/buckle
out of plane relative to the general plane of the electronics
module 20 or sensor 50, thereby increasing strain relief. In some
embodiments, this avoids formation of fissures or cracks due to
material fatigue from either strain cycling or large stress
magnitudes.
[0064] Turning to FIG. 8, an top view embodiment of a sensor system
is shown similar to FIG. 7, which in some embodiments includes a
stretchable sensor 50 (e.g., a stretchable capacitive sensor as
disclosed above), an electronics module 20 in a housing coupled to
the sensor 50, and a strain relief member 40 extending from the
stretchable sensor and coupling to the electronics module. In some
embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, strain relief member 40 may extend
substantially perpendicularly to a longitudinal direction from
stretchable sensor 50 (e.g., direction the sensor is designed to
stretch and thus measure strain) at the location it couples to the
electronics module. In some embodiments, the film layers (as
described above) may include a cutout pattern, such that the
coupling connection from the sensor 50, strain relief member 40,
and electronics module 20 are flush with each other, such that the
sensor components lay flat. In this regard, conductive adhesive
portions (used in connections 706, for example) may be applied with
even pressure.
[0065] Advantageously, as opposed to smart phone or smart watch
systems, integrated garment sensor systems such as the sensor 50
coupled with module 20 may give individuals freedom to be mindful
of their performance without additional distractions. In some
embodiments, data may be captured and uploaded and reviewed later,
after an activity, which may aid in the individual staying mindful
throughout their activity. Also, when coupled with a haptic module,
gentle haptic feedback may be given to the individual during the
activity, without the need for viewing a screen, or listening for
audio feedback, for example. Additionally, being able to focus
generally on the activity at hand, rather than raising an arm or
looking down, avoids introducing inefficient body positioning or
form into the athletic activity. In some embodiments, the sensor
may function as an actuator, or input device, sending signals to
module 20 when particular contact is detected.
[0066] In some embodiments, the breath sensor module 10 is used to
detect changes in an individual's direction of motion. Sensor
module 10 according to the present invention can also be worn by
individuals and used to detect and/or track other motions such as,
for example, motions associated with push-ups, pull-ups,
weightlifting, diving, gymnastics, et cetera.
[0067] By using the sensor module 10 described above, embodiments
of the present invention may advantageously enable the individual 1
to obtain timely feedback during an activity about the motion of
the individual's 1 body.
[0068] While various embodiments of the present invention are
described in the general context of yoga, the present invention is
not so limited and may be applied in a variety of different sports
or athletic activities including, for example, running, sports of
soccer (i.e., football), basketball baseball, bowling, boxing,
cricket, cycling, football (i.e., American football), golf, hockey,
lacrosse, rowing, rugby, running, skateboarding, skiing, surfing,
swimming, table tennis, tennis, or volleyball, or during training
sessions related thereto.
[0069] Various aspects of the present invention, or any parts or
functions thereof, may be implemented using hardware, software,
firmware, tangible non-transitory computer readable or computer
usable storage media having instructions stored thereon, or a
combination thereof and may be implemented in one or more computer
systems or other processing systems. As discussed, program
products, methods, and systems for providing training services of
the present invention can include any software application executed
by one or more electronic devices device having at least one
processor and memory. Embodiments of the present invention may be
software executed by a processor, firmware, hardware or any
combination thereof in a computing device.
[0070] References to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an example
embodiment", "some embodiments", etc., indicate that the embodiment
described may include a particular feature, structure, or
characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include
the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover,
such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment.
Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is
described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it
is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such
feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other
embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0071] The term "invention" or "present invention" as used herein
is a non-limiting term and is not intended to refer to any single
embodiment of the particular invention but encompasses all possible
embodiments as described in the application.
[0072] Embodiments have been described above with the aid of
functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of
specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of
these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined
herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries
can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships
thereof are appropriately performed.
[0073] The description of the specific embodiments of the system
described with reference to the figures will so fully reveal the
general nature of the invention that others can, by applying
knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and/or adapt
for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue
experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the
present invention.
[0074] While various embodiments of the present invention have been
described above, they have been presented by way of example only,
and not limitation. It should be apparent that adaptations and
modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of
equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and
guidance presented herein. It therefore will be apparent to one
skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail can be
made to the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the
spirit and scope of the present invention. The elements of the
embodiments presented above are not necessarily mutually exclusive,
but may be interchanged to meet various needs as would be
appreciated by one of skill in the art.
[0075] It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology
used herein is for the purpose of description and not of
limitation. The breadth and scope of the present invention should
not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments,
but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims
and their equivalents.
[0076] It is to be appreciated that the Detailed Description
section, and not the Summary and Abstract sections, is intended to
be used to interpret the claims. The Summary and Abstract sections
may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the
present invention as contemplated by the inventor(s), and thus, are
not intended to limit the present invention and the appended claims
in any way.
[0077] The breadth and scope of the present invention should not be
limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but
should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and
their equivalents.
[0078] The claims in the instant application are different than
those of the parent application or other related applications. The
Applicant therefore rescinds any disclaimer of claim scope made in
the parent application or any predecessor application in relation
to the instant application. The Examiner is therefore advised that
any such previous disclaimer and the cited references that it was
made to avoid, may need to be revisited. Further, the Examiner is
also reminded that any disclaimer made in the instant application
should not be read into or against the parent application.
[0079] Further details of the noted systems and methods are set
forth in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 15/862,138 [Attorney
Docket No. 2483.2850000], filed concurrently herewith, which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all
purposes.
* * * * *