U.S. patent application number 17/580896 was filed with the patent office on 2022-08-04 for reduced foaming vaccine compositions.
This patent application is currently assigned to Abic Biological Laboratories Ltd.. The applicant listed for this patent is Abic Biological Laboratories Ltd.. Invention is credited to Noel Yves Henri Jean Genin.
Application Number | 20220241421 17/580896 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-08-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220241421 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Genin; Noel Yves Henri
Jean |
August 4, 2022 |
REDUCED FOAMING VACCINE COMPOSITIONS
Abstract
The present invention relates to novel stable compressed vaccine
composition comprising at least one anhydrous antigenic component
comprising a stabilizer susceptible to foaming when the composition
is mixed with liquid diluent; and an effective amount of a sugar
alcohol.
Inventors: |
Genin; Noel Yves Henri Jean;
(Saint Genis les Ollieres, FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Abic Biological Laboratories Ltd. |
Beit Shemesh |
|
IL |
|
|
Assignee: |
Abic Biological Laboratories
Ltd.
Beit Shemesh
IL
|
Appl. No.: |
17/580896 |
Filed: |
January 21, 2022 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16802089 |
Feb 26, 2020 |
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17580896 |
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16256463 |
Jan 24, 2019 |
10610596 |
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16802089 |
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16125911 |
Sep 10, 2018 |
10213509 |
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16256463 |
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14880145 |
Oct 9, 2015 |
10188734 |
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16125911 |
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62062180 |
Oct 10, 2014 |
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International
Class: |
A61K 47/26 20060101
A61K047/26; A61K 9/46 20060101 A61K009/46; A61K 39/12 20060101
A61K039/12; A61K 9/20 20060101 A61K009/20; A61K 39/00 20060101
A61K039/00; A61K 39/255 20060101 A61K039/255; A61K 39/275 20060101
A61K039/275; A61K 9/00 20060101 A61K009/00; A61K 39/17 20060101
A61K039/17; A61K 39/215 20060101 A61K039/215 |
Claims
1. A vaccine composition, comprising: at least one anhydrous
antigenic component comprising a stabilizer susceptible to foaming
when the composition is mixed with liquid diluent; and an effective
amount of a sugar alcohol foam controlling agent.
2. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
anhydrous antigenic component is lyophilized or dried.
3. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
vaccine composition is compressed into a tablet.
4. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
stabilizer comprises one or more amino acids or salts thereof,
protein or salts thereof, albumin, gelatin, or combinations
thereof.
5. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
stabilizer is an amino acid or salts thereof proteins or salts
thereof, or combinations thereof.
6. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
antigenic component is newcastle disease virus, infectious
bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus,
marek's disease virus, Trichophyton verrucosum, avian
paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, meleagrid
herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus.
7. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, further comprising
30% to about 60% by weight of a dissolution agent.
8. The vaccine composition according to claim 7, wherein the
dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of effervescent
agents.
9. The vaccine composition according to claim 7, wherein the
dissolution agent comprises a pair of effervescent agents.
10. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
effervescent pair comprises a salt and an acid.
11. The vaccine composition according to claim 2, wherein the
lyophilized antigenic component comprises greater than 0% to about
90% by weight of the composition.
12. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
composition is characterized by reduced foaming when in contact
with the diluent relative to foaming of a composition that does not
include the sugar alcohol.
13. The vaccine composition according to claim 12, wherein foam is
reduced by about 50%, the composition that does not include the
sugar alcohol
14. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the sugar
alcohol is xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof.
15. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the
antigenic component is a live virus and the composition further
comprises neutralizing antibodies against the virus.
16. A vaccine tablet composition, comprising: from greater than 0%
to about 90% by weight of at least one lyophilized or dried
antigenic component selected from newcastle disease virus,
infectious bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian
encephalomyelitis virus, marek's disease virus, Trichophyton
verrucosum, avian paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
meleagrid herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus, and a
stabilizer selected from one or more amino acids or salts thereof,
protein or salts thereof, albumin, gelatin, or combinations
thereof, susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed with
liquid diluent; an effective amount of a foam controlling agent
selected from xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof,
and 30% to about 60% by weight of a dissolution agent.
17. The vaccine composition according to claim 16, wherein the
dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of effervescent
agents.
18. The vaccine composition according to claim 17, wherein the
effervescent pair comprises a salt and an acid.
19. A method of using a composition, comprising: providing a
composition according to claim 1; and administering the composition
to a subject.
20. A method of using a composition, comprising: providing a tablet
according to claim 16; and administering the tablet to a subject.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/802,089, filed on Feb. 26, 2020, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/256,463, filed
on Jan. 24, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/125,911, filed on Sep. 10, 2018, now issued
as U.S. Pat. No. 10,213,509, which is a divisional of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/880,145, filed on Oct. 9, 2015, now issued
as U.S. Pat. No. 10,188,734, which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional Application No. 62/062,180, which was filed on Oct. 10,
2014. Each of these applications, patents, and each document cited
in this text, and each of the documents cited in each of these
applications, patents, and documents ("application cited
documents"), and each document referenced or cited in the
application cited documents, either in the text or during the
prosecution of the applications and patents thereof, as well as all
arguments in support of patentability advanced during prosecution
thereof, are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their
entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a stable compacted,
compressed vaccine composition comprising a compressed vaccine
composition comprising at least one lyophilized antigenic component
and a foam controlling agent, and a process of making thereof. This
stable dense vaccine composition retains titer stability and while
further providing complete dissolution in a diluent with minimum
foaming. A method for vaccinating a subject using the stable
vaccine composition is also provided.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] PCT Publication No. WO 99/21579 (Seager, et al.) discloses a
fast dispersing composition for a veterinary vaccine that is freeze
dried and loosely compacted. U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,180 (Allen Jr. et
al.) describes a process for making a particulate support matrix
for a rapidly dissolving tablet. U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,666 (Neway et
al.) discloses a freeze dried liquid vaccine that may form a tablet
to be reconstituted in liquid form.
[0004] A disadvantage to current vaccine preparations is that they
contain stabilizers susceptible to foaming when mixed in diluent,
causing excessive foaming of the solution after dissolution of the
composition which also causes problems for the user in containing
the solution in the container its dissolved in. Overflow of the
solution from the container due to foaming can result in loss of
product and increased exposure of the vaccine to the user.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a
stable vaccine composition and method of immunizing accomplished by
simply dissolving a solid, stable form of an anhydrous vaccine in a
diluent with minimum foaming and minimum loss of antigenic
activity.
[0006] A further object of the invention is to provide a
lyophilized live or inactivated vaccine which is compacted,
compressed or tableted as a dense stable solid that will retain its
potential immunizing capacity during preparation and for the
duration required for a pharmaceutically acceptable period of time
and can be dissolved in diluent with minimum foaming.
[0007] Another object of the invention is to provide a vaccine
composition and method of immunizing with greater flexibility in
the vaccinations that can be formulated and uses thereof.
[0008] A further object of the invention is to provide a vaccine
composition and method of immunizing which reduces the need for
excess vaccine material needed to compensate for the inherent
inaccuracies in the titer caused by over-foaming and loss of
product during dissolution.
[0009] Another object of the invention is to provide a vaccine
composition and method of immunizing which facilitates avian mass
immunization.
[0010] These and other objects may be achieved by the present
invention which relates to a stable vaccine composition comprising
at least one pre-titrated lyophilized antigenic component, and
foam-controlling agent, wherein the vaccine composition is in the
form of a compressed composition. In addition, the present
invention also provides a method of immunizing a subject against a
disease comprising the steps of: dissolving the compressed vaccine
composition containing the foam controlling agent in a
pharmaceutically acceptable diluent to form a solution; and
administering the resulting solution to the subject in an amount
effective to immunize the subject against the disease.
[0011] The invention in its particular features will become more
apparent from the following detailed description considered with
reference to the accompanying examples. The following description
will continue to discuss the problems and solutions offered by the
present invention as they pertain to veterinary applications.
[0012] It is noted that the invention does not intend to encompass
within the scope of the invention any previously disclosed product,
process of making the product or method of using the product, which
meets the written description and enablement requirements of the
USPTO (35 U.S.C. 112, first paragraph) or the EPO (Article 83 of
the EPC), such that applicant(s) reserve the right and hereby
disclose a disclaimer of any previously described product, method
of making the product or process of using the product.
[0013] It is further noted that in this disclosure and particularly
in the claims and/or paragraphs, terms such as "comprises",
"comprised", "comprising" and the like can have the meaning
attributed to it in U.S. Patent law; e.g., they can mean
"includes", "included", "including", and the like; and that terms
such as "consisting essentially of" and "consists essentially of"
have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. Patent law, e.g., they
allow for elements not explicitly recited, but exclude elements
that are found in the prior art or that affect a basic or novel
characteristic of the invention.
[0014] These and other embodiments are disclosed or are apparent
from and encompassed by, the following Detailed Description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0015] FIG. 1 shows containers containing Formula I (control
containing 0% mannitol), Formula II (containing 15% mannitol), and
Formula III, (containing 33% mannitol).
[0016] FIG. 2 shows containers containing Formula A (containing 0%
mannitol) and Formula B (containing 150% mannitol).
[0017] FIG. 3 shows containers containing Formula C (containing 0%
mannitol) and Formula D (containing 150% mannitol).
[0018] FIG. 4 shows containers containing Formula E (containing 26%
mannitol) and Formula F (containing 0% mannitol).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] The invention provides a stable compressed vaccine
composition comprising at least one lyophilized antigenic
component, and a foam controlling agent.
[0020] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
dissolves completely and rapidly in a diluent.
[0021] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
is in the form of a hard tablet, a caplet, a granulation, a
sprinkle, a pellet, a bead, a pill, or a lyophilized cake.
[0022] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a dissolution agent which is an effervescent agent or
pair of agents.
[0023] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a dissolution agent comprising a pair of effervescent
agents.
[0024] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises an effervescent pair comprising a salt and an acid e.g.
citric acid and the salt is a bicarbonate.
[0025] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a foam controlling agent comprising about 25% to 40% by
weight of the composition.
[0026] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a dissolution agent comprising up to about 60% by weight
of the composition.
[0027] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a dissolution agent comprising up to about 35% by weight
of the composition.
[0028] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a lyophilized antigenic component comprising up to 90% by
weight of the composition.
[0029] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a lyophilized antigenic component comprising up to 80% by
weight of the composition.
[0030] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
is characterized by complete dissolution between about 90 and 700
seconds upon contact with a diluent.
[0031] In an embodiment of the invention, the stability of the
composition is characterized by a loss of titer no greater than the
difference shown in the examples.
[0032] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a foam controlling agent that is a sugar alcohol.
[0033] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a foam controlling agent that is xylitol, mannitol and
sorbitol.
[0034] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a foam controlling agent that is mannitol.
[0035] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises an antigenic component that is IB88 or IBH120.
[0036] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
has a friability of less than about 2%.
[0037] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises a live virus selected from the group consisting of:
Newcastle Disease virus, Infectious Bursal Disease virus, fowl pox
virus, Laryngotracheitis virus, Infectious Bronchitis of poultry
virus, sheep pox virus, Rinderpest virus, or an admixture of one or
more of the foregoing, whether naturally occurring, recombinant or
modified.
[0038] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises an antigenic component selected from the group consisting
of anthrax bacilli, Salmonella S.P.P. E. coli, or an admixture of
one or more of the forgoing, whether naturally occurring or
recombinant or modified.
[0039] In an embodiment of the invention, the vaccine composition
comprises an antigenic component that is a live virus and the
composition further comprises neutralizing antibodies against the
virus.
[0040] In an embodiment of the invention, a method of vaccinating a
subject against a disease comprising the steps of: dissolving the
vaccine composition of the invention which provides protection
against such disease with a diluent to form a solution; and
administering the resulting solution to the subject in an amount
effective to immunize the subject against the disease.
[0041] In an embodiment of the invention, a method of vaccinating a
subject wherein the dissolving step is further characterized by
complete dissolution of the vaccine composition.
[0042] In an embodiment of the invention, a method of vaccinating a
subject dissolution occurs between about 90 and 700 seconds upon
contact with a diluent wherein the administering step comprises
spraying the subject with an aerosol formed from the solution.
[0043] In an embodiment of the invention, a process of making a
stable compressed rapidly dissolving vaccine composition of the
invention comprising the steps of: lyophilizing, at least one
antigenic component; mixing the lyophilized antigenic component and
foam controlling agent; and compressing the mixture of the
lyophilized antigenic component and foam controlling agent with at
least one dissolution agent to form a stable compressed rapidly
dissolving vaccine composition.
[0044] Other embodiments of the invention will be further described
by the following numbered paragraphs:
[0045] 1. A process for reducing the foaming of a solid vaccine
composition when mixed with liquid diluent, wherein the composition
comprises:
[0046] (i) at least one anhydrous antigenic component comprising a
stabilizer susceptible to foaming; wherein the process
comprises:
[0047] (a) adding an effective amount of a sugar alcohol to the
solid vaccine composition.
[0048] 2. A process according to paragraph 1, wherein the process
further comprises:
[0049] (b) compressing the solid vaccine composition to form a
stable compressed vaccine composition.
[0050] 3. A process according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein the
anhydrous antigenic component is lyophilized or dried.
[0051] 4. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 3,
wherein the stabilizer comprises one or more amino acid or salts
thereof, protein or salts thereof, albumin, gelatin, or
combinations thereof.
[0052] 5. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 4,
wherein antigenic component is newcastle disease virus, infectious
bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus,
marek's disease virus, Trichophyton verrucosum, avian
paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, meleagrid
herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus.
[0053] 6. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 4,
wherein the antigenic component is newcastle disease virus, or
infectious bronchitis virus.
[0054] 7. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 6,
wherein the composition is mixed by sonication, mechanical or
chemical means.
[0055] 8. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 6,
wherein the composition is mixed by sonication or mechanical
means.
[0056] 9. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 6,
wherein the composition is mixed by chemical means.
[0057] 10. A process according to paragraph 9, wherein the chemical
means is an effervescent reaction.
[0058] 11. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 10,
wherein the composition further comprises a dissolution agent.
[0059] 12. A process according to paragraph 11, wherein the
dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of effervescent
agents.
[0060] 13. A process according to paragraph 11, wherein the
dissolution agent comprises a pair of effervescent agents.
[0061] 14. A process according to paragraph 13, wherein the pair of
effervescent agents comprises a salt and an acid.
[0062] 15. A process according to paragraph 14, wherein the acid is
citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid,
succinic acid, acid anhydrides or mixtures thereof.
[0063] 16. A process according to paragraph 14, wherein the salt is
carbonate salts, bicarbonate salts, sesquicarbonate salts, or
mixtures thereof.
[0064] 17. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 16,
wherein the effective amount of sugar alcohol is about 10% to 40%
by weight of the composition.
[0065] 18. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 16,
wherein the effective amount of sugar alcohol is about 10% to 35%
by weight of the composition.
[0066] 19. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 16,
wherein the effective amount of sugar alcohol is about 15% to 35%
by weight of the composition.
[0067] 20. A process according to any one of paragraphs 11 to 19,
wherein the dissolution agent is tap to about 60% by weight of the
composition.
[0068] 21. A process according to any one of paragraphs 11 to 19,
wherein the dissolution agent is about 30% to about 60% by weight
of the composition.
[0069] 22. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 21,
wherein the anhydrous antigenic component is about 20% to about 50%
by weight of the composition.
[0070] 23. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 21,
wherein anhydrous antigenic component is up about 20% to about 40%
by weight of the composition.
[0071] 24. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 23,
wherein the solid vaccine composition is characterized by complete
dissolution of the composition in the diluent between about 60 and
700 seconds upon contact with the diluent.
[0072] 25. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 24
wherein the solid vaccine composition is characterized by complete
dissolution of the composition in the diluent between about 60 and
300 seconds upon contact with the diluent.
[0073] 26. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 25,
wherein the foaming of the solid vaccine composition is reduced
relative to the foaming of the composition in the absence of the
sugar alcohol.
[0074] 27. A process according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 26,
wherein the sugar alcohol is xylitol, mannitol or sorbitol or a
mixture thereof.
[0075] 28. A stable vaccine composition comprising:
[0076] i) at least one anhydrous antigenic component comprising a
stabilizer susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed
with liquid diluent; and
[0077] ii) an effective amount of a foam controlling agent which is
a sugar alcohol.
[0078] 29. A stable vaccine composition according to paragraph 28,
wherein the anhydrous antigenic component is lyophilized or
dried.
[0079] 30. A stable vaccine composition according to paragraph 28
or 29, wherein the vaccine composition is compressed into a
tablet.
[0080] 31. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 30, wherein the stabilizer comprises one or more
amino acid or salts thereof, protein or salts thereof, albumin,
gelatin, or combinations thereof.
[0081] 32. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 30, wherein the stabilizer is an amino acid or
salts thereof proteins or salts thereof, or combinations
thereof.
[0082] 33. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 32, wherein antigenic component is newcastle
disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian
encephalomyelitis virus, marek's disease virus, Trichophyton
verrucosum, avian paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
meleagrid herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus.
[0083] 34. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 33, wherein the antigenic component is Infectious
Bronchitis virus strain CR88121, Infectious Bronchitis virus strain
H120 or Newcastle Disease virus strain VG/GA.
[0084] 35. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 34, further comprising a dissolution agent.
[0085] 36. A stable vaccine composition according to paragraph 35,
wherein the dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of
effervescent agents.
[0086] 37. A stable vaccine composition according to paragraph 35,
wherein the dissolution agent comprises a pair of effervescent
agents.
[0087] 38. A stable vaccine composition according to paragraph 36,
wherein the effervescent pair comprises a salt and an acid.
[0088] 39. A stable vaccine composition according to paragraph 28,
wherein the effective amount of sugar alcohol is about 10% to 40%
by, weight of the composition.
[0089] 40. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 39, wherein the effective amount of sugar alcohol
is about 10% to 35% by weight of the composition.
[0090] 41. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 39, wherein the effective amount of sugar alcohol
is about 15% to 35% by weight of the composition.
[0091] 42. A stable vaccine composition according to any one or
paragraphs 35 to 41, wherein the dissolution agent is up to about
60% by weight of the composition.
[0092] 43. A stable vaccine; composition according to any one of
paragraphs 35 to 41, wherein the dissolution agent is about 30% to
about 60% by weight of the composition.
[0093] 44. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 43, wherein the lyophilized antigenic component is
up to 90% by weight of the composition.
[0094] 45. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 43, wherein the lyophilized antigenic component is
up to 80% by weight of the composition.
[0095] 46. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 45, wherein the composition is characterized by
complete dissolution of the composition in the diluent between
about 60 and 700 seconds upon contact with the diluent.
[0096] 47. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 46, wherein the composition is characterized by
reduction in foaming of the composition when in contact with the
diluent relative to the foaming of the composition in the absence
of the sugar alcohol.
[0097] 48. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 47, wherein the sugar alcohol is xylitol,
mannitol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof.
[0098] 49. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 47, wherein the sugar alcohol is mannitol.
[0099] 50. A stable vaccine composition according to paragraph 35,
wherein composition has a friability of less than about 2%.
[0100] 51. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 50, wherein the antigenic component is a live
virus and the composition further comprises neutralizing antibodies
against the virus.
[0101] 52. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 51, wherein the composition is stable at 5.degree.
C. in anhydrous conditions for at least 9 months.
[0102] 53. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
formulations 2, 4, 6, II, III, B, D or E shown in the examples.
[0103] 54. A stable vaccine composition according to any one of
paragraphs 28 to 53, wherein the foam is reduced by about 50%, by
about 60% or by about 80% than the same composition without the
sugar alcohol.
[0104] 55. A method of vaccinating a subject against a disease
comprising the steps of:
[0105] (a) dissolving the vaccine composition of any one of
paragraphs 28 to 54, which provides protection against such
disease, with a diluent to form a solution; and
[0106] (b) administering the resulting solution to the subject in
an amount effective to the subject against the disease.
[0107] 56. The method of paragraph 55, wherein the administering
step comprises spraying the subject with an aerosol formed from the
solution.
[0108] The compacted, compressed and hard tablets of the vaccine
composition can be made on an instrumented MANESTY F3 Single punch
12 mm Flat Beveled or 6 mm standard concave punches. The vaccine
composition in the form of a hard tablet can be made at a pressures
of a maximum of 4 tonnes. The tablets can be tested for hardness on
a ERWEKA Tablet Hardness Tester Model TBH20 as described above, and
were all found to have a hardness greater than 3.0 seD. The classic
tablet normally associated with therapeutic agents is understood to
be such a "tablet". However, it is understood that any compacted or
compressed dense form is intended, including those having less
frequent use in the pharmaceutical field. For example, large
"briquettes" would be suitable should the final application require
a large volume of material.
[0109] Specifically, tablet fillers are substances that compromise
the bulk of the tablet and primarily act as a carrier. Typical
tablet fillers include, but are not limited to, calcium sulfate,
calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, starch, modified starches
(carboxymethyl starch, etc.), microcrystalline cellulose, lactose,
sucrose, dextrose mannitol and sorbiol. Tablet filler levels are
from about 0% to 90% by weight of the tablet.
[0110] Binders act as the "glue" which holds powders together to
form granules. Binders include, but are not limited to, natural
polymers such as starches or gums acacia, tragacanth and gelatin or
synthetic polymers such as PVP and methyl-, ethyl- and
hydroxypropylcellulose. Binder levels are from about 0% to 20% by
weight of the composition.
[0111] Dissolution aids promote dissolution of the vaccine
composition. Typical examples include, but are not limited to
effervescent agents, disintegrates, surfactants and
solubilizers.
[0112] Disintegrants cause compressed tablets to break apart.
Typical examples include, but are not limited to, starch,
microcrystalline cellulose, purified wool starch, alginic acid,
sodium starch glycolate guar gum, crosslinked polyvinyl pyrolidone
(PVP), ion exchange resin and celluloses such as methyl-,
croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl- and
hydroxypropylmethyl-. Dissolution agent are from about 1% to 950%
by weight of the composition.
[0113] Lubricants reduce friction between the material to be
compressed and die wall during compression and ejection. Most
lubricants are water insoluble and include stearates (magnesium,
calcium and sodium), stearic acid, talc and waxes. Water soluble
lubricants include PEGs, sodium benzoate, sodium oleate, sodium
acetate, sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium lauryl sulfate.
Lubricant levels are from about 0% to 5% by weight of the
composition.
[0114] Colorants are added to help identify types of vaccine
formulations such as in the form of tablets for aesthetic and
functional purposes, for example and not as limitation to the
present invention, the dyes disclosed in Examples A through D taken
from Israeli Patent No. 46189. Colorant levels are from about
<1% of the formulation. In an embodiment, the composition of the
present invention is a hard tablet prepared having an effervescent
agent as a dissolution aid. As those skilled in art appreciate, the
effervescent tablet must contain a basic component and an acidic
component, such as an effervescent pair, so that upon dissolution
appropriate reactions occur to generate carbon dioxide and carbonic
acid. Suitable effervescent components include the carbonate family
of basic compounds and inorganic or organic acidic compounds. Among
the carbonate family of basic compounds, preferred effervescent
agents for use in the compositions of the present invention are
sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, glycine carbonate, potassium
carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogencitrate, and
calcium carbonate. A most preferred basic compound is sodium
bicarbonate. Preferred acidic components for use in the
compositions of the present invention are citric acid, adipic acid,
tartaric acid, maleic acid, boric acid, benzoic acid,
hydroxybenzoic acid, methoxy benzoic acid, mandelic acid, malonic
acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, glutaric acid, aspartic acid,
hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, and
acetic acid. A most preferred acidic effervescent component is
citric acid.
[0115] In addition to the basic and acidic effervescent tablet
ingredients described above, the tablet composition of the present
invention may also contain other excipients conventionally
employed.
Definitions
[0116] Terms used herein will have their customary meaning in the
art unless specified otherwise.
[0117] The term "antigenic component" or "antigen" as used herein
is a substance that is recognized by the immune system and induces
an immune response. The substance may comprise a whole organism,
killed, attenuated or live; a subunit or portion of an organism; a
recombinant vector containing an insert with antigenic properties;
a nucleic acid piece or fragment capable of inducing an immune
response upon presentation to a host animal; a protein, a
polypeptide, a peptide, a glycoprotein, an epitope, a hapten, a
carbohydrate, a sugar, or any combination thereof. Alternatively,
the antigen may comprise a toxin or antitoxin. A similar term used
interchangeably in this context is "immunogen" or "antigenic".
[0118] The term "compacted" as used herein refers to a vaccine
composition having a density greater than 1.0 g/cc, but no
measurable hardness as measured in Strong-Cobb Units (SCU) and
tested for hardness on a ERWEKA Tablet Hardness Tester Model
TBH20.
[0119] The term "compressed" as used herein refers to a vaccine
composition having a hardness of at least 2.0 SCU.
[0120] The term "hard tablet" as used herein refers to a vaccine
composition in the form of a tablet or other dense form having a
hardness of at least 3.0 SCU.
[0121] The term "completely dissolved" as used herein is understood
to mean that no soluble component is left undissolved.
[0122] The term "rapidly disintegrated" or "rapidly dissolved" as
used herein is understood to mean that disintegration or
dissolution is complete within approximately a few minutes or less
when a large volume of water is employed for small volume of
compressed lyophilized vaccine composition e.g. 100 ml of water for
a 400 mg effervescent tablet. The time is increased where the
volumes of diluent are comparably decreased. Thus the same tablet
might require 70 seconds with a volume of water of 10 ml, and 80
seconds in 2 ml of water.
[0123] The term, "disintegration time" or "dissolution time" as
used herein is the time taken for dissolution or disintegration of
a tablet when mixed in a measured quantity of water at room
temperature.
[0124] The term "stable" as used herein is understood to mean that
the compositions of the present invention will maintain their
(potential) immunizing capacity during preparation and for the
duration required for shelf life of a commercial vaccine.
[0125] The term "excipient" as used herein refers to a term for
diluents or vehicles used in the formulation or the vaccine
composition. Excipients can include: diluents or fillers, binders
or adhesives, dissolution aids, lubricants, antiadherents, glidants
or flow promoters, colors, flavors, sweeteners and adsorbents.
[0126] The term "stabiliser" as used herein is chemical compounds
used to stabilize antigenic material during lower temperature
storage or lyophilization. Examples of such stabilizers include
amino acids, such as alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine,
glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, hydroxy proline, isoleucine,
leucine, lysine, methionine, phenyl alanine, proline, serine,
threonine, tyrosine, and valine; amino acids salts thereof such as
L-arginine hydrochloride salt and glutamic acid alkali metal salt
such as monosodium glutamate and monopotassium glutamate; proteins,
or salts thereof, such as protein hydrolysate, bovine protein,
mouse serum protein, calf serum protein, yeast protein, chicken
protein, egg protein; albumin such as bovine albumin and ovalbumin,
gelatin, and hydrolysed gelatin.
[0127] The stabilizer also includes a monosaccharide, e.g.,
sorbitol, or a disaccharide, e.g., sucrose, lactose, or maltose.
Sucrose is preferred.
[0128] The term "mixed" as used herein means mixing a substance by
sonication, mechanical or chemical means. Examples of mechanical
mixing include stirring, shaking, magnetic stirring, and forcing
the substance through a suitable syringe. Examples of chemical
mixing include an effervescent reaction causing in-situ gas
formation (via chemical reaction of one or more ingredients,
including formation of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2 gas) sufficient to
cause a mixing action as the resultant release of gas bubbles pass
through the liquid to the surface.
[0129] The antigenic component as defined herein can comprise live
attenuated pathogens, such as live attenuated viruses, bacteria,
fungi, or parasites. However, an active antigenic component can
also comprise killed viruses, recombinant heterologous immunogens,
antigens, antigenic subunits (e.g. proteins, polypeptides,
peptides, epitopes, haptens) or epitopes of immunogens or antigens
derived from or originating from one or more pathogens described
herein, which can be expressed from viral vectors, bacterial
vectors, plasmid vectors, and the like.
[0130] The active antigenic component of the present invention can
comprise one or more immunogens selected from a canine pathogen
including, but not limited to, rabies virus, canine adenovirus type
2 (CAV2), canine herpesvirus (CHV), canine parvovirus (CPV), canine
coronavirus, Leptospira canicola, Leptospira icterohaemorragiae,
Leptospira grippotyphosa, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bordetella
bronchiseptica and the like, including combinations thereof. The
active antigenic component can include the HA, F, NP genes from the
CDV, the capsid gene from CPV, the spike, M, N genes from Canine
coronavirus, the HN and F genes from cPi2, genes from Lepiospira,
genes from Bordetella, genes from Borrelia, and the gB, gC and gD
genes from the canine herpesvirus, among others. These components
can be useful as antigenic compositions or vaccine compositions for
protecting canines against disease caused by these pathogens.
[0131] Canine Adenovirus Type 2 (CAV2) is widespread and highly
contagious to dogs, it produces symptoms resembling a cold.
Generally the first signs of the contagious disease are fever,
which usually subsides in one to two days. Affected dogs may have
tonsillitis, abdominal tenderness, enlarged liver, vomiting and
diarrhea. Acute disease is normally fatal. CAV2 may be inactivated
or attenuated and combined with the CDV (and/or cPi2) to produce a
multivalent vaccine. Alternatively, immunogens or antigens of CAV2,
or epitopes of CAV2 immunogens, such as capsid, matrix, or hexon
proteins, can be used.
[0132] Canine Parvovirus (CPV) is a common intestinal virus which
may cause vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, myocarditis and
hepatitis in young dogs. It has been found to be widespread in
dogs. CPV can be present in the antigenic compositions,
suspensions, or solutions of the invention as inactivated, live
attenuated, or CPV immunogens, antigens, or epitopes of CPV
immunogens, such as the VP1, VP2 (capsid) gene products.
[0133] Other active antigenic component useful in the compositions
and methods of the present invention can comprise one or more
immunogens selected from avian pathogens including, but not limited
to, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Infectious
Bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle Disease virus (NDV), egg drop
syndrome virus (EDS), Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV),
turkey virus, avian influenza virus, Marek's disease virus,
Herpesviruses such as infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian
infectious bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, poxviruses including
avipox, fowlpox, canarypox, pigeonpox, quailpox, and dovepox, avian
polyomavirus, avian pneumovirus, avian rhinotracheitis virus, avian
reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian retroviruses, avian endogenous
virus, avian erythroblastosis virus, avian hepatitis virus, avian
anemia virus, avian enteritis virus, Pacheco's disease virus, avian
leukemia virus, avian parvovirus avian rotavirus, avian leukosis
virus, avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma virus, avian
myeloblastosis virus, avian myeloblastosis-associated virus, avian
myelocytomatosis virus, avian sarcoma virus, avian spleen necrosis
virus, and combinations thereof.
[0134] As to specific immunogens, the active antigenic components
can also be the HN and F genes of Newcastle Disease Virus, the
polyprotein and VP2 genes from infectious Bursal Disease Virus, the
S and N genes from Infectious Bronchitis Virus and the gB and gD
genes from Marek's Disease Virus. These components can be used as
antigenic compositions or vaccine compositions for protecting
avians against disease caused by these pathogens.
[0135] Alternatively, the active antigenic component comprises one
or more immunogens from a feline pathogen such as, but not limited
to, feline herpesvirus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline
leukemia virus (FeLV), feline infectious peritonitis virus, feline
panleucopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), rabies
virus, and the like, and combinations thereof.
[0136] The active antigenic component can also include the gB, gC
and gD genes from the Feline Herpesvirus, the env and gag/pro genes
from the FeLV, the env gag/pol and tat genes from the FIV virus,
the capsid gene from the Feline calicivirus, the S modified gene,
M, and N gene from the Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus, and the
VP2 gene from the Feline parvovirus. These components can be useful
as antigenic or vaccine compositions for protecting cats against
disease caused by these pathogens.
[0137] The active antigenic component can comprise one or more
immunogens from an equine pathogen, such as equine herpesvirus
(type 1 or type 4), equine influenza virus, equine
encephalomyelitis virus (EEV), tetanus, West Nile virus, and the
like or combinations thereof. The active antigenic component can
also include, the gB, gC, gD and Immediate-Early genes from Equine
herpesvirus type 1, the gB, gC, gD and Immediate-Early genes from
Equine herpesvirus type 4, the HA, NA, M and NP genes from Equine
influenza virus, genes from Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus,
genes from Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, genes from Venezuelan
Equine Encephalitis Virus, the prM-M-E genes from the West Nile
Virus, and genes from Equine arteritis virus, but are not limited
to these sequences. These components can be useful as antigenic
compositions or vaccine compositions for protecting horses against
disease caused by these pathogens.
[0138] The active antigenic component can comprise one or more
immunogens from a bovine pathogen, such as rabies virus, bovine
rotavirus, bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bCPI2-3), bovine
coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), foot and mouth
disease virus (FMDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV),
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus (IBR), Escherichia coli,
Pasteurella multocido, Pasteurella haemolytica, and the like and
combinations thereof.
[0139] The active antigenic component can also be selected from the
gB, gC, gD and Immediate Early genes from Bovine Herpesvirus type
1, the F and G genes from BRSV, the polyprotein, E1, E2 genes from
BVDV, the HN and F genes from PI3 virus or genes from Rotavirus.
These components can be useful as antigenic or vaccine compositions
for protecting cattle against disease caused by these
pathogens.
[0140] Further, the active antigenic component can comprise one or
more immunogens from a porcine pathogen such as, but not limited
to, swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2),
porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),
pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), hog cholera
virus (HCV), FMDV, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica,
Escherichia coli, and the like, and combinations thereof.
[0141] The active antigenic component can also include the gB, gD
and Immediate-Early genes from PRV, the HA, NA, M and NP genes from
Swine influenza virus, the polyprotein, E1, E2 from Hog Cholera
Virus, the ORF1 and ORF2 genes from PCV2 virus, the ORF3, ORF4,
ORF5, ORF6, or ORF7 from PRRSV virus or genes from Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae. These components can be useful as antigenic
compositions or vaccine compositions for protecting pigs against
disease caused by these pathogens.
[0142] The active antigenic component can comprise sequences
encoding a protein expressed in pathogens such as RNA or DNA
viruses like HIV, HCV, HBV, HPV, EBV, HSV, CMV, HTLV, Hanta virus,
Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Lassa virus
and influenza virus, hemorrhagic enteriditis virus (HEV),
infectious rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) among others. Such
immunogens can be used advantageously as antigenic compositions or
vaccine compositions to protecting subjects, such as humans,
against disease caused by these pathogens.
[0143] The active antigenic component can also be, for example,
from any one of the following pathogenic bacteria and their
antigens: Actinobacillus species such as Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis,
Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella avium, Chlamydia trachomatis,
Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psitiaci, Klebsiella species such
as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium
pseudotuberulosis, Mycobacterium pneumoniae, Group A Streptococcus,
Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus
agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Erysipelothrix species, Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus anthracis, Haemophilus
influenzae, Haemophilus somnus, Haemophilus parasuis, Salmonella
species, Salmonella agona, Salmonella blockley, Salmonella
enteriditis, Salmonella hadar, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella
montevideo, Salmonella senfienberg, Salmonella cholerasuis,
Rickettsia species, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter felis,
Shigella species, Listeria species, Legionella pneumoniae,
Pseudomonas species, Borrelia species, Borellia burgdorferi,
Neisseria meningitides, Clostridium species, Clostridium difficile,
Ureaplasma urealyticum, Staphylococcus species, Staphylococcus
aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pasteurella pestis, Campylobacter
species, Campylobacter jejuni, Treponema species, Leptospira
species, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Hemophilus ducreyi, Hemophilus
influenza, Erlichhia species, among others.
[0144] The active antigenic component may also be derived from a
fungus or mold such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatis,
Penicillium species, Fusarium species, Candida species such as
Candida trichophyton, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata,
Candida dubliniensis, and Candida albicans, Rhizopus species,
Cryptococcus species such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus
grubii, Cryptococcus gattii, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,
Histoplasma capsulatum, and other fungi and molds.
[0145] The active antigenic component can also be selected from
parasitic antigens derived from parasitic species including, but
are not limited to Plasmodium species, Trypanosome species, Giardia
species, Boophilus species, Babesia species, Entamoeba species,
Eimeria species, Leishmania species, Schistosoma species, Bragia
species, Fascida species, Dirofilaria species, Wuchereria species,
Onchocerea species, Treonema species, Toxoplasma species,
Cryptococcus species, Coccidia species, Histomoniasis species,
Hexamitiasis species, Giardia species, among others; nematodes
including Ascaris species, Trichinella species, and the like,
helminthes such as flukes, tapeworms, among others; and other like
pathogenic organisms. Methods for preparing immunogens derived from
viruses, bacteria, fungi, molds, protozoa, nematodes, and
helminthes are known in the art.
[0146] Other useful immunogens can be, for example, purified
secreted antigen virulence factors, such as toxins, cytotoxins and
the like. Toxin antigens which are detoxified by modifying
(toxoids), which can be administered in combination with an
adjuvant such as aluminum hydroxide, and can be used to stimulate
the formation of toxin-neutralizing antibodies. Examples of toxins
that may be used as an immunogen include bacterial endotoxins and
exotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide, enterotoxins including
heat-labile enterotoxins (LT), heat stable enterotoxins (ST),
verotoxin (VT), and the like. Bacterial exotoxin immunogens are
secreted into the surrounding medium, and include, for example,
diphtheria toxin (Corynebacterium diptheriae), tetanus toxin
(Clostridium tetani), enterotoxins secreted by Staphylococcus
aureus, botulinum toxins (Clostridium botulinum); and toxins
produced by algae such as neurotoxins; and the like. Heat-stable
endotoxins, released by autolysis of the bacteria, include, for
example, cholera toxins released from the grain negative Vibrio
cholerae, colicins produced by intestinal bacteria such as E. coli
(bacteriocin).
[0147] Immunogens derived from, or originating from viruses,
bacteria, fungi and the like may be produced by in vitro culture
methods using appropriate culture medium or host cells lines and
conventional methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the
art. For example, PRRSV may be cultured in an appropriate cell
line, such as MA-104 cell line (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,587,164;
5,866,401; 5,840,563; 6,251,404 among others). In a similar manner,
PCV-2 may be cultured using PK-15 cells line (see U.S. Pat. No.
6,391,314); SIV may be cultured on eggs (U.S. Pat. No. 6,048,537);
and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae may be cultured in an appropriate
culture medium (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,968,525; 5,338,543; Ross R. F. et
al., (1984) Am. J. Vet. Res, 45: 1899-1905). Advantageously, CDV
can be cultured in mink lung cells, such as those described in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,178,862. Other techniques for the preparation of
virus-derived immunogens are known in the art, and described, for
example, in Ulmer et al., Science 259: 1745 (1993); Male et al.,
Advanced Immunology, pages 14.1-14.15, J. B. Lippincott Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa. (1989).
[0148] Also useful are antigenic synthetic peptides that mimic
antigenic peptide sequences. Such immunogens may be synthesized
using a solid-phase technique as described, for example, in R. B.
Merrifield, Science 85:2149-2154 (1963), purified, and optionally
coupled to a carrier protein such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP),
bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and
the like, using a bifunctional coupling agent such as
glutaraldehyde, and the like.
[0149] Synthetic antigens are also included within the definition,
for example, polyepitopes, flanking epitopes, and other recombinant
or synthetically derived antigens. See, e.g., Bergmann et al.
(1993) Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 2777-2781; Bergmann et al. (1996) J.
Immunol. 157, 3242-3249; Suhrbier A. (1997) Immunol. Cell Biol. 75,
402-408; Gardner et al. (1998) 12th World AIDS Conference, Geneva,
Switzerland, Jun. 28-Jul. 3, 1998. Antigenic fragments, for
purposes of the present invention, can usually include at least
about 3 amino acids, preferably at least about 5 amino acids, more
preferably at least about 10-15 amino acids, and most preferably 25
or more amino acids, of the molecule. There is no critical upper
limit to the length of the fragment, which could comprise nearly
the fall-length protein sequence, or even a fusion protein
comprising two or more, or at least one epitope of the protein.
[0150] Accordingly, a minimum structure of a nucleic acid
expressing an epitope can comprise nucleotides to encode an
epitope, immunogen, or antigen of a protein or polyprotein. A
nucleic acid encoding a fragment of the total protein or
polyprotein, more advantageously, comprises or consists essentially
of or consists of a minimum of about 21 nucleotides, advantageously
at least about 42 nucleotides, and preferably at least about 57,
about 87 or about 150 consecutive or contiguous nucleotides of the
sequence encoding the total protein or poly protein. Epitope
determination procedures, such as, generating overlapping peptide
libraries (Hemmer B. et al., (1998) Immunology Today 19(4),
163-168), Pepscan (Geysen et al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
81, 3998-4002; Geysen et al., (1985) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82,
178-182; Van der Zee R. et al., (1989) Eur. J. Immunol. 19, 43-47;
Geysen H. M., (1990) Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health
21, 523-533; Multipin.RTM. Peptide Synthesis Kits de Chiron) and
algorithms (De Groot A. et al., (1999) Nat. Biotechnol. 17,
533-561), and in PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US2004/022605; all
of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties
can be used in the practice of the invention, without undue
experimentation. Other documents cited and incorporated herein may
also be consulted for methods for determining epitopes of an
immunogen or antigen and thus nucleic acid molecules that encode
such epitopes.
[0151] Also provided by the invention is a process for producing a
freeze-dried stable antigenic composition or vaccine composition
comprising, for example, newcastle disease virus, which comprises
the step of lyophilizing a stabilized suspension or solution formed
by a live attenuated is newcastle disease virus suspension or
solution, mixed with a stabilizer according to the invention and a
sugar alcohol according to the invention.
[0152] "Freeze-drying" or "lyophilization" refers to the process by
which a suspension is frozen, after which the water is removed by
sublimation at low pressure. As used herein, the term "sublimation"
refers to a change in the physical properties of a composition,
wherein the composition changes directly from a solid state to a
gaseous state without becoming a liquid. As used herein, the "T'g
value" is defined as the glass transition temperature, which
corresponds to the temperature below which the frozen composition
becomes vitreous.
[0153] A process for freeze-drying an antigenic suspension or
solution according to the invention can comprise the steps of: (a)
contacting the antigenic suspension or solution with a stabilizer
of the invention, thereby forming a stabilized antigenic suspension
or solution; (b) cooling, at atmospheric pressure, the stabilized
antigenic suspension or solution to a temperature less than about
the T'g value of the stabilized antigenic suspension or solution;
(c) drying the stabilized antigenic suspension or solution (i.e.,
the primary desiccation or sublimation step) by sublimation of ice
at to pressure; and (d) removing excess residual water (i.e.,
secondary drying or desorption step) by further reducing pressure
and increasing the temperature of the stabilized antigenic
suspension or solution.
[0154] The cooling step (b) can occur at temperatures of less than
about -40.degree. C. (water freezing step). Drying the stabilized
antigenic suspensions or solution by sublimation of ice at low
pressure (c) can occur at, for example, pressure lower than or
equal to about 200 bar, whereas a further reduction in pressure can
occur at pressures lower than or equal to about 100 bar. Finally,
the temperature of the stabilized antigenic suspension or solution
during the removal of excess residual water (d) occurs at, for
example, temperatures between about 20.degree. C. and about
30.degree. C.
[0155] The process of freeze-drying can also be performed with an
antigenic suspension or solution comprising live attenuated
newcastle disease virus and at least one active antigenic component
derived from a pathogen oilier than a paramyxovirus, which is mixed
with a stabilizer according to the invention to obtain a
freeze-dried stabilized multivalent antigenic or vaccine
composition.
[0156] The moisture content of the freeze-dried material can range
from about 0.5% to about 5% w/w, preferably from about 0.5% to
about 3% w/w, and more preferably from about 1.0% to about 2.6%
w/w.
[0157] Each step, including water freezing, and its removal during
the primary and secondary desiccation, subjects the biological
ingredients, such as pathogens, in the antigenic suspensions or
solutions of the invention to mechanical, physical and biochemical
shock, which have potentially adverse effects upon the structure,
appearance, stability, antigenicity, infectivity and viability of
the pathogens or biological ingredients.
[0158] The stabilizers of the invention allow good stability of
live attenuated pathogens like canine paramyxovirus, and maintains
the infectivity of, in particular, CDV and cPi2 during the
freeze-drying process and during storage. The stability can be
calculated by the difference between the infectivity titer before
the freeze-drying step, and the infectivity titer after 12 months
of storage of the freeze-dried stabilized antigenic composition or
vaccine composition at 4.degree. C. Good stability can
advantageously comprise a difference of only 1.2 log.sub.10, and
preferably of only 1.0 log.sub.10. Methods for determining the
infectivity titer arc well known by those skilled in the art. Some
methods for determining the infectivity titer are described in the
Examples herein. Also, the stability can be estimated by fitting
the log.sub.10 titer and the time points of the titration during
the period of storage using linear regression calculations and/or
algorithms.
[0159] Further, the stabilizers of the invention allow for
freeze-dried pastilles having a good aspect, in other words, having
regular form and uniform color. An irregular form can be
characterized by the presence of all or a part of the pastille
stuck to the bottom of the recipient and remaining immobile after
turning over and shearing (stuck aspect). Also, a pastille having a
form of a spool (spooled aspect), or separation of the pastille in
two parts, following a horizontal plane (de-duplicated aspect), or
a pastille having an aspect of a mousse with irregular holes
(spongy aspect), or a pastille having the aspect of foam into the
recipient (meringue aspect) have an irregular form and are not
accepted.
[0160] The stabilized freeze-dried antigenic compositions or
vaccine compositions using a stabilizer according to the present
invention and obtained by the process of freeze-diving described
above are encompassed in the present invention.
[0161] A further aspect of the present invention provides a kit
comprising a first container containing the freeze-dried stabilized
antigenic composition or vaccine composition of the invention, and
a second contained containing a diluent.
[0162] For its use and administration into a subject, the
freeze-dried stabilized antigenic composition or vaccine
composition can be reconstituted bye rehydration with a diluent.
The diluent is typically water, such as demineralized or distilled
water, but can also comprise physiological solutions or buffers
known in the art.
[0163] The reconstituted ready-to-use antigenic compositions or
vaccine compositions can be administered to an animal by injection
through the parenteral or mucosal route, or preferably by oral or
ocular administration by spraying. However, administration of such
reconstituted ready-to-use antigenic compositions or vaccine
compositions can also comprise intranasal, epicutaneous or topical
administration.
[0164] The following examples illustrate preparation and potency of
the vaccine composition of the present invention when used to
immunize a subject against various infectious diseases. Stability
evaluations with a titer analysis of a compressed freeze dried
tablet form for various vaccine formulations are also presented.
The manufacture of the composition of the invention may be made by
one or ordinary skill in the art following the teaching in US
2003/0026813 and WO 01/13896, which are incorporated herein in
their entirety.
[0165] The examples are presented to further illustrate and explain
the present invention and should not be taken as limiting in any
regard. Unless otherwise indicated in the examples and elsewhere in
the specification and claims, all parts and percentages are by
weight. Temperatures are in degrees Centigrade.
Stability Studies
[0166] The effect of the mannitol on the stability of vaccine
compositions was also studied. Six different formulas were made as
described in Table 1, to show that the foam controlling agent
(mannitol) did not have any negative impact on stability of the
formulations at 6 month and 9 month intervals. The tablets made
from the formulations were stored at about 5.degree. C. in standard
sealed aluminum blister packs for the duration of time before the
being reconstituted in diluent and the titers measured.
Determination of viral titer of the freeze-dried vaccines was
performed by the calculation of the mean titer of three titrations
repeated on the same vaccine. The titer results are shown in Table
2.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3 Formula 4
Formula 5 Formula 6 Formula for 100 kg Freeze dried 30.00 kg 35.00
kg 33.00 kg 40.00 kg 25.00 kg 35.00 kg Antigen and Stabilizer
Sodium 41.02 kg 28.92 kg 39.25 kg 19.50 kg 43.97 kg 28.92 kg
bicarbonate Mannitol 0 15.00 kg 0 26.00 kg 0 15.00 kg Anhydrous
28.48 kg 20.08 kg 27.25 kg 13.50 kg 30.53 kg 20.08 kg citric acid
Magnesium 0.50 kg 1.00 kg 0.50 kg 1.00 kg 0.50 kg 1.00 kg stearate
Tablet Characteristics Diameter 12 mm 12 mm 15 mm 15 mm 12 mm 12 mm
Hardness .sup. 70-200N .sup. 70-200N .sup. 70-200N .sup. 70-200N
.sup. 70-200N .sup. 70-200N Weight 0.74-0.90 0.63-0.77 1.10-1.34
0.90-1.10 0.74-0.90 0.527-0.645 (g) Thickness 4.5-4.9 <5 4.5-4.9
<5 4.5-4.9 3.5-3.9 (mm)
TABLE-US-00002 MeanTiter MeanTiter MeanTiter MeanTiter Formula #
Antigen Stabilizer (0 months) (3 months) (6 months) (9 months) 1
Newcastle Protein 9.4 9.0 9.0 9.1 Disease virus hydrolysate strain
VG/GA Potassium glutamate Bovine albumin 2 Newcastle Protein 9.5
9.3 9.2 9.4 Disease virus hydrolysate strain VG/GA Potassium
glutamate Bovine albumin 3 Infectious Protein 7.6 7.1 7.3 7.0
Bronchitis virus hydrolysate strain CR88121 4 Infectious Protein
7.9 7.8 7.8 7.8 Bronchitis virus hydrolysate strain CR88121 5
Infectious Protein 9.4 7.1 7.4 -- Bronchitis virus hydrolysate
strain H120 6 Infectious Protein 7.5 7.6 7.7 -- Bronchitis virus
hydrolysate strain H120
Units of Titer: Log 10 DICC50/cp
[0167] The results show very good stability of the formulations
containing mannitol for a long storage period at 5.degree. C.
Foam Controlling Studies
a) Concentrations of Foam Controlling Agent:
[0168] Three formulations were made as shown in Table 3 to examine
the effect of the amount of foam controlling agent on reducing
foaming in solution. These formulations were tableted using
conventional means for making effervescent tablets. The tablets
were mixed in water at room temperature and the foaming measured at
the peak foaming. The sodium bicarbonate and citric acid act as an
effervescent agent to help mix the composition in the water. The
results shown in FIG. 1 show that Formula II (containing 15%
mannitol), and Formula III, (containing 33% mannitol), have less
foam forming than the Formula 1 (control containing 0% mannitol).
This shows the decrease in foam formation as the amount of mannitol
increases in the composition.
TABLE-US-00003 Composition Formula I Formula II Formula III Placebo
and 33% 33% 33% Stabilizer Sodium 66% 51% 33% bicarbonate and
Anhydrous citric acid Mannitol 0% 15% 33% Magnesium 1% 1% 1%
stearate
b) Examination of the Effect of Mannitol on Different Vaccine
Compositions:
[0169] Six vaccine compositions were made as shown in Table 4.
These compositions were tableted using conventional means for
making effervescent tablets. The tablets were mixed in water at
room temperature and the foaming measured at the peak laming. The
sodium bicarbonate and citric acid act as an effervescent agent to
help mix the compositor in the water. The results shown in FIG. 2
show that Formula B (containing 15% mannitol) has about 50% less
foam than Formula A (Containing 0% mannitol). FIG. 3 shows that
Formula D (containing 15% mannitol) has about 60% less foam than
Formula C (containing 0% mannitol). FIG. 4 shows that Formula E
(containing 26% mannitol) has about 80% less forming than Formula F
(containing 0% mannitol).
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Composition Formula A Formula B Formula C
Formula D Formula E Formula F Freeze dried Newcastle Newcastle
Infectious Infectious Infectious Infectious Antigen and Disease
Disease Bronchitis Bronchitis Bronchitis Bronchitis Stabilizer
virus strain virus strain virus strain virus strain virus strain
virus strain VG/GA VG/GA H120 H120 CR88121 CR88121 (30%) (35%)
(25%) (35%) (40%) (33%) Sodium 69% 49% 74% 49% 33% 66 bicarbonate
Anhydrous citric acid Mannitol 0% 15% 0% 15% 26% 0% Magnesium 1% 1%
1% 1% 1% 1% stearate
[0170] Having thus described in detail preferred embodiments of the
present invention, it is to be understood that the invention
defined by the appended claims is not to be limited by particular
details set forth in the above description as many apparent
variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit
or scope thereof.
* * * * *