U.S. patent application number 17/701230 was filed with the patent office on 2022-07-07 for event monitoring.
The applicant listed for this patent is Comcast Cable Communications, LLC. Invention is credited to Sanjay Dorairaj, William McMaster, Brian Xu.
Application Number | 20220215093 17/701230 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-07-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220215093 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
McMaster; William ; et
al. |
July 7, 2022 |
Event Monitoring
Abstract
A computing device may detect events such as a break-in, fire,
flood, movement of people between different areas or zones within a
defined area, cyberattacks, movement of devices away from the
defined area, etc. If an event is detected, the computing device
may take action to protect devices, data on the devices, and/or
accounts accessible by the devices. The devices may encrypt, backup
data, and/or delete data. The computing device may communicate with
other computing devices about events that have been detected.
Inventors: |
McMaster; William; (Las
Vegas, NV) ; Xu; Brian; (San Jose, CA) ;
Dorairaj; Sanjay; (San Jose, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Comcast Cable Communications, LLC |
Philadelphia |
PA |
US |
|
|
Appl. No.: |
17/701230 |
Filed: |
March 22, 2022 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
16156554 |
Oct 10, 2018 |
11314858 |
|
|
17701230 |
|
|
|
|
International
Class: |
G06F 21/55 20060101
G06F021/55; H04L 9/40 20060101 H04L009/40; G06F 21/50 20060101
G06F021/50; G06F 11/14 20060101 G06F011/14 |
Claims
1. A method comprising: receiving, by a computing device,
information indicating an occurrence of an event; and based on an
association between a location of a user device and a location
associated with the event, causing the user device to perform an
action to protect data accessible via the user device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the event comprises at least one
of: a cyberattack, detecting malware, disconnecting a device from
one or more networks, or unauthorized access to a premises.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises preventing
access to the data via the user device and providing access, via
the user device, to second data different from the data.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing device is located
at a premises, wherein the premises comprises the location
associated with the event, and further comprising: sending, by the
computing device to a second computing device located remotely from
the premises, a notification indicating the occurrence of the
event.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the action comprises one or more
of: encrypting the data; deleting the data from the user device; or
logging out of one or more accounts that are accessible via the
user device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the event is associated with a
premises, wherein the computing device is located at the premises,
and wherein the action comprises copying the data to a second
computing device located remotely from the premises.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, based on
the occurrence of the event, the action to protect data accessible
via the user device.
8. A method comprising: receiving, by a first computing device,
information indicating an occurrence of a cyberattack; determining,
by the first computing device, based on the occurrence of the
cyberattack and a classification of the cyberattack, an action to
protect data accessible via a second computing device; and causing
the second computing device to perform the action.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the classification comprises a
severity of the cyberattack.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining the action to
protect the data further comprises: determining, based on the
classification of the cyberattack, the action to protect the
data.
11. The method of claim 8, further comprising: determining, based
on the classification of the cyberattack, an action to protect data
accessible via one or more other computing devices.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the action comprises one or more
of: locking the second computing device; encrypting the data;
deleting the data; disconnecting the second computing device from
one or more networks; disconnecting the second computing device
from one or more other computing devices; or storing the data to
one or more other computing devices.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the action comprises protecting
an account targeted by the cyberattack.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein protecting the account
comprises one or more of: requesting authentication information
associated with the account; logging out of the account on the
second computing device; logging out of the account on one or more
other computing devices; limiting access to the data via the second
computing device; or limiting access to the data via one or more
other computing devices.
15. The method of claim 8, further comprising: determining an
association between a location of the second computing device and a
location associated with the cyberattack, wherein causing the
second computing device to perform the action is further based on
the association.
16. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and memory
storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more
processors, cause the apparatus to: receive information indicating
an occurrence of an event; and based on an association between a
location of a user device and a location associated with the event,
cause the user device to perform an action to protect data
accessible via the user device.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the event comprises at least
one of: a cyberattack, detecting malware, disconnecting a device
from one or more networks, or unauthorized access to a
premises.
18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the action comprises
preventing access to the data via the user device and providing
access, via the user device, to second data different from the
data.
19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the apparatus is located at
a premises, wherein the premises comprises the location associated
with the event, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the
one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: send, to a
computing device located remotely from the premises, a notification
indicating the occurrence of the event.
20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the action comprises one or
more of: encrypting the data; deleting the data from the user
device; or logging out of one or more accounts that are accessible
via the user device.
21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the event is associated with
a premises, wherein the apparatus is located at the premises, and
wherein the action comprises copying the data to a second computing
device located remotely from the premises.
22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when
executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:
determine, based on the occurrence of the event, the action to
protect data accessible via the user device.
23. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and memory
storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more
processors, cause the apparatus to: receive information indicating
an occurrence of a cyberattack; determine, based on the occurrence
of the cyberattack and a classification of the cyberattack, an
action to protect data accessible via a computing device; and
causing the computing device to perform the action.
24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the classification comprises
a severity of the cyberattack.
25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions, when
executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to
determine the action to protect the data by causing: determining,
based on the classification of the cyberattack, the action to
protect the data.
26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions, when
executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:
determine, based on the classification of the cyberattack, an
action to protect data accessible via one or more other computing
devices.
27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the action comprises one or
more of: locking the computing device; encrypting the data;
deleting the data; disconnecting the computing device from one or
more networks; disconnecting the computing device from one or more
other computing devices; or storing the data to one or more other
computing devices.
28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the action comprises
protecting an account targeted by the cyberattack.
29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein protecting the account
comprises one or more of: requesting authentication information
associated with the account; logging out of the account on the
computing device; logging out of the account on one or more other
computing devices; limiting access to the data via the computing
device; or limiting access to the data via one or more other
computing devices.
30. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions, when
executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:
determine an association between a location of the computing device
and a location associated with the cyberattack, wherein causing the
computing device to perform the action is further based on the
association.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 16/156,554, filed on Oct. 10, 2018. The above-referenced
application is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Protecting devices, data, and accounts can be challenging
due to the many threats that exist such as natural disasters,
thieves, and cyberattacks. It would be beneficial to have a system
that can protect against these threats.
SUMMARY
[0003] The following summary presents a simplified summary of
certain features. The summary is not an extensive overview and is
not intended to identify key or critical elements.
[0004] A computing device may receive information from sensors. The
sensors may detect events such as a break-in, fire, flood, movement
of people between different areas or zones within a defined area,
cyberattacks, movement of devices away from the defined area, etc.
If an event is detected by a sensor, the computing device may take
action to protect devices, data on the devices, and/or accounts
accessible by the devices. The devices may encrypt, backup data,
and/or delete data in response to an event. The computing device
may communicate with other computing devices about events that have
been detected. These and other features and advantages are
described in greater detail below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] Some features are shown by way of example, and not by
limitation, in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like
numerals reference similar elements.
[0006] FIG. 1 shows an example information distribution
network.
[0007] FIG. 2 shows hardware elements of an example computing
device.
[0008] FIG. 3 shows an example monitoring system.
[0009] FIG. 4 shows an example monitoring system 400 with a zone
layout within a defined area.
[0010] FIG. 5 shows an example method for monitoring events within
a defined area.
[0011] FIG. 6 shows an example method for taking actions if an
event is detected in a defined area.
[0012] FIG. 7 shows an example graphical user interface for
configuring user preferences of a monitoring system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] In the following description of various illustrative
examples, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which
form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration,
various examples in which aspects of the disclosure may be
practiced. It is to be understood that other examples may be
utilized and structural or functional modifications may be made,
without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 1 shows an example communication network 100 on which
many of the various features described herein may be implemented.
The network 100 may be any type of information distribution
network, such as satellite, telephone, cellular, wireless, etc. The
network 100 may be an optical fiber network, a coaxial cable
network, or a hybrid fiber/coax distribution network. Such networks
100 use a series of interconnected communication links 101, such as
coaxial cables, optical fibers, or wireless links to connect
multiple premises 102, such as businesses, homes, or user dwellings
to a local office 103 or headend. The local office 103 may transmit
downstream information signals onto the links 101 and the premises
102 may have receivers used to receive and to process those
signals.
[0015] There may be one link 101 originating from the local office
103, and it may be split a number of times to distribute the signal
to various premises 102 in the vicinity, which may be many miles,
of the local office 103. The links 101 may include components such
as splitters, filters, amplifiers, etc., to help convey the signal
clearly, but in general each split introduces a bit of signal
degradation. Portions of the links 101 may also be implemented with
fiber-optic cable, while other portions may be implemented with
coaxial cable, other lines, or wireless communication paths.
[0016] The local office 103 may include an interface 104, such as a
termination system (TS). For example, the interface 104 may be a
cable modem termination system (CMTS), which may be a computing
device configured to manage communications between devices on the
network of the links 101 and backend devices such as servers
105-107. The interface 104 may be as specified in a standard, such
as the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)
standard, published by Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (a.k.a
CableLabs), or it may be a similar or modified interface. The
interface 104 may be configured to place data on one or more
downstream frequencies to be received by modems at the various
premises 102, and to receive upstream communications from those
modems on one or more upstream frequencies.
[0017] The local office 103 may also include one or more network
interfaces 108, which can permit the local office 103 to
communicate with various other external networks 109. These
networks 109 may include, for example, networks of Internet
devices, telephone networks, cellular telephone networks, fiber
optic networks, local wireless networks, such as a WiMAX network,
satellite networks, or any other desired network. These networks
109 may transmit content to the local office 103 via a plurality of
variable size, fixed duration video fragments. Additionally, and/or
alternatively, these networks 109 may transmit content to the local
office 103 via a plurality of variable size, variable duration
video fragments. The network interface 108 may include the
corresponding circuitry needed to communicate on the external
networks 109, and to other devices on the network such as a
cellular telephone network and its corresponding cell phones.
[0018] As noted above, the local office 103 may include a variety
of servers 105-107 that may be configured to perform various
functions. The local office 103 may include a push notification
server 105. The push notification server 105 may generate push
notifications to deliver data or commands to the various premises
102 in the network or to the devices in the premises 102 that are
configured to detect such notifications. The local office 103 may
also include one or more content servers 106. The content servers
106 may be one or more computing devices that are configured to
provide content to users at their premises. This content may be,
for example, video content such as video on demand movies or
television programs, songs, text listings, or other types of
content. The content server 106 may include software to validate
user identities and entitlements, to locate, retrieve and receive
requested content, to encrypt the content, and to initiate delivery
by streaming of the content to the requesting user or device. The
content may comprise a plurality of fixed size, variable duration
video fragments. The local office 103 may include a load balancer
(not illustrated) to route service requests to one of the content
servers 106. The load balancer might route the service requests
based on utilization or availability of each of the content servers
106.
[0019] The local office 103 may also include one or more
application servers 107. An application server 107 may be a
computing device configured to offer any desired service, and may
run various languages and operating systems, such as servlets and
JSP pages running on TOMCAT/MYSQL, OSX, BSD, UBUNTU, REDHAT, HTML5,
JAVASCRIPT, AJAX, or COMET. The application server 107 may be
responsible for collecting television program listings information
and generating a data download for electronic program guide
listings. In some aspects of the disclosure, the application server
107 may be responsible for monitoring user viewing habits and
collecting that information for use in selecting advertisements.
The application server 107 may be responsible for formatting and
inserting advertisements in a video stream being transmitted to the
premises 102. Although shown separately, one of ordinary skill in
the art will appreciate that the push server 105, the content
server 106, and the application server 107 may be combined.
Further, here the push server 105, content server 106, and the
application server 107 are shown generally, and it will be
understood that they may each contain memory storing computer
executable instructions to cause a processor to perform steps
described herein or memory for storing data.
[0020] An example premises 102a, such as a home, may include an
interface 120. The interface 120 can include any communication
circuitry needed to allow a device to communicate on one or more
links 101 with other devices in the network. For example, the
interface 120 may include a modem 110, which may include
transmitters and receivers used to communicate on the links 101 and
with the local office 103. The modem 110 may be, for example, a
coaxial cable modem, for coaxial cable links 101, a fiber interface
node, for fiber optic links 101, a twisted-pair telephone modem, a
cellular telephone transceiver, a satellite transceiver, a local
WiFi router or access point, or any other desired modem device.
Also, although only one modem is shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of
modems operating in parallel may be implemented within the
interface 120. Further, the interface 120 may include a gateway
interface device 111. The modem 110 may be connected to, or be a
part of, the gateway interface device 111. The gateway interface
device 111 may be a computing device that communicates with the
modem 110 to allow one or more other devices in the premises 102a,
to communicate with the local office 103 and other devices beyond
the local office 103. The gateway interface device 111 may be a set
top box 113 (STB), digital video recorder (DVR), computer server,
or any other desired computing device. The gateway interface device
111 may also include local network interfaces to provide
communication signals to requesting entities or devices in the
premises 102a, such as display devices 112, for example,
televisions, additional STBs 113 or DVRs, personal computers 114,
laptop computers 115, wireless devices 116 such as wireless
routers, wireless laptops, notebooks, tablets, netbooks, or smart
phones, cordless phones, for example, Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telephone--DECT phones, mobile phones, mobile televisions, personal
digital assistants (PDA), landline phones 117, which may be Voice
over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones, and any other desired
devices. Examples of the local network interfaces include
Multimedia Over Coax Alliance (MoCA) interfaces, Ethernet
interfaces, universal serial bus (USB) interfaces, wireless
interfaces such as IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.15, analog twisted pair
interfaces, Bluetooth interfaces, and others.
[0021] The gateway interface device 111 or a display device 112 may
be used to view video content delivered from the content server
106. Additionally, the gateway interface device 111 or a display
device 112 may be used to schedule recordings of the video content
or to display a program listing indicating start and end times for
video content.
[0022] Each premises of the multiple premises 102 may have a
monitoring system, as described in FIG. 3-FIG. 7. Each monitoring
system may be connected to the gateway interface device. The
monitoring systems may communicate with each other via the gateway
interface device and each premise's interface (e.g., interface
120).
[0023] FIG. 2 shows an example computing device that may be used to
implement any of the methods described herein. A computing device
200 may include one or more processors 201, which may execute
instructions of a computer program to perform any of the features
described herein. The instructions may be stored in any type of
computer-readable medium or memory, to configure the operation of
the processor 201. For example, instructions may be stored in a
read-only memory (ROM) 202, a random access memory (RAM) 203, a
removable media 204, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive, a
compact disk (CD) or a digital versatile disk (DVD), a floppy disk
drive, or any other desired storage medium. The storage medium may
comprise a plurality of sectors, wherein a size of each sector of
the plurality of sectors is approximately a multiple of a
substantially fixed fragment size. Instructions may also be stored
in an attached, or internal, hard drive 205. The computing device
200 may include one or more output devices, such as a display 206,
for example, an external television, and may include one or more
output device controllers 207, such as a video processor. There may
also be one or more user input devices 208, such as a remote
control, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, microphone, etc. The
computing device 200 may also include one or more network
interfaces, such as a network input/output (I/O) circuit 209, for
example, a network card, to communicate with an external network
210. The network I/O circuit 209 may be a wired interface, a
wireless interface, or a combination of the two. The network I/O
circuit 209 may include a modem, such as a cable modem, and the
external network 210 may include the communication links 101
discussed above, the external network 109, an in-home network, a
provider's wireless, coaxial, fiber, or hybrid fiber/coaxial
distribution system, such as a DOCSIS network, or any other desired
network.
[0024] FIG. 2 shows a hardware configuration of the device 200, but
it should be understood that some or all of the illustrated
components may be implemented as software. Modifications may be
made to add, to remove, to combine, or to divide components of the
computing device 200 as desired. Additionally, the components
illustrated may be implemented using basic computing devices and
components, and the same components (e.g., a processor 201, a ROM
storage 202, a display 206, etc.) may be used to implement any of
the other computing devices and components described herein. For
example, the various components herein may be implemented using
computing devices having components such as a processor executing
computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable
medium, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Some or all of the entities
described herein may be software based, and may co-exist in a
common physical platform. For example, a requesting entity can be a
separate software process and program from a dependent entity, both
of which may be executed as software on a common computing
device.
[0025] One or more aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a
computer-usable data or computer-executable instructions, such as
in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers
or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines,
programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform
particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types if
executed by a processor in a computer or other data processing
device. The computer executable instructions may be stored on one
or more computer readable media such as a hard disk, an optical
disk, a removable storage media, a solid state memory, a RAM, etc.
The functionality of the program modules may be combined or
distributed as desired. In addition, the functionality may be
embodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents
such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA),
and the like. Particular data structures may be used to more
effectively implement one or more aspects of the disclosure, and
such data structures are contemplated within the scope of computer
executable instructions and computer-usable data described
herein.
[0026] FIG. 3 shows an example monitoring system 300. The
monitoring system may be configured to monitor for events that
occur within a defined area. The monitoring system 300 may contain
a gateway 340 that connects with the Internet. The gateway 340 may
comprise the gateway interface device 111. The monitoring system
300 may also include a number of sensors including a camera 305, a
door sensor 310, a window sensor 315, a motion detector 325, a
flood sensor 327, a smoke detector 345. Sensors may also include
one or more carbon monoxide detectors, flood detectors, gas leak
sensors, or any other type of sensors. The system may include one
or more of each type of sensor. A sensor may comprise a computing
device configured (e.g., via executable instructions stored in a
memory) to detect computer-related events (e.g., malicious
software, suspicious software, suspicious computer activity,
logins, etc.). The gateway 340 may communicate with and control one
or more of the sensors. The sensors may detect events and may send
information corresponding to the events to another component of the
monitoring system. The sensors may also send detection information
to a remote location. After detecting an event, a sensor may record
information. For example, after motion is detected, a camera may
begin to record video around the location where motion was
detected. Sensors may also record information continuously and may
send recently recorded data if an event is detected. Recorded
information may be sent to computing devices and/or to other
monitoring systems to notify them of an event that has occurred or
is occurring.
[0027] The monitoring system 300 may also include or be associated
with a number of devices such as a computer 335, television 330,
smart refrigerator 320, a motorized vehicle 312, drones, other
types of user devices (e.g., a smartphone, a personal digital
assistant, a voice recognition assistant, a laptop computer, a
tablet computer, a desktop computer, a smart home device, a
listening device, a device located within a vehicle) and/or any
other electronic device or computing device. Some devices may
contain sensors within them. For example, the monitoring system may
use a camera that is part of a computer as a sensor. The monitoring
system may also use a vehicle alarm system that is part of the
motorized vehicle as a sensor. The monitoring system may also be
associated with a number of accounts. Accounts may include
subscription accounts, banking, or any other online account.
Accounts may include entertainment accounts such as Netflix, Amazon
Prime, Hulu, etc.
[0028] The monitoring system may communicate with the devices,
sensors via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, the Internet, or any other wireless
communication method. An example monitoring system may also include
other devices such as a smart phone, tablet, smart watch, other
wearable devices, other smart appliances, etc. The gateway 340 may
communicate with and control one or more of the devices.
[0029] The defined area may be the area of a premises (e.g., a
premises of the various premises 102). Additionally/alternatively,
the defined area may include the area in which any sensor of the
monitoring system is able to detect an event.
[0030] An event may include any type of action that is detectable
by the sensors of the monitoring system. Events may include a
break-in, fire, flood, movement of any type of object including
people and animals. Events may also include any type of cyber
attack (e.g., on a device that is associated with the monitoring
system), gas leak or other leak. Events may also include actions
that involve devices that are associated with the monitoring
system. For example, events may include logging into a device,
disconnecting a device from a network, moving a device from the
defined area to a location outside of the defined area, or moving a
device within one zone inside the defined area to a different zone
within the defined area. The monitoring system may determine a
location of a device using for example GPS, signal strength between
the device and the gateway (including Wi-Fi or Bluetooth signal
strength), etc.
[0031] Events may also include actions that involve accounts of a
user (e.g., Netflix, Amazon Prime, banking, or other accounts). For
example, events may include logging into an account, making a
purchase on an account, changing personal or contact information
associated with an account, etc.
[0032] A monitoring system may have stored in memory a trusted
person associated with an account to notify if an event is
detected.
[0033] FIG. 4 shows an example monitoring system 400 with a zone
layout within a defined area. The monitoring system 400 may include
any device, sensor, or other component that is contained in the
monitoring system 300. The monitoring system 400 may be split into
one or more zones such as zone 405 and zone 430. A zone may include
any sized area including a closet, an office, a room, an entire
floor, multiple floors, an entire building, etc.
[0034] Each zone may have a number of members that belong to the
zone. For example, person 402 may belong to zone 405 and person 435
may be a member of zone 430. People that are not a member of any
existing zone may be identified as visitors. The monitoring system
400 may have a sensor 420 that can detect if someone or something
moves from one zone to another zone. For example, sensor 420 may
detect if a visitor 415 moves from zone 405 to zone 430. The sensor
420 may be able to identify who is moving into zone 430. For
example, the sensor 420 may identify a person entering zone 430
using an RFID chip. Each member may have a personalized RFID or
members of a zone may share an RFID. The RFID may indicate which
zone the person is currently a member. If the person does not have
an RFID that the sensor recognizes, the sensor may identify the
person as a visitor. The sensor may communicate the detected
movement and the identification of the person to the gateway 410.
The gateway 410 may perform an action based on the communication
from the sensor. For example, if the visitor 415 crosses into zone
430, the gateway 410 may instruct the computer 425 to lock the
screen. When performing an action, the gateway 410 may also account
for preferences of members of zone 430 such as the person 435.
[0035] FIG. 5 shows an example method for monitoring events within
a defined area. The example method may be performed by a monitoring
system that may comprise servers 105-107, network 109, computing
devices 114-116, monitoring system 300, and/or any other component
described in FIGS. 1-7. The monitoring system may perform
calculations or actions via a computing device within a defined
area and/or may perform calculations or actions via a computing
device located remotely from the defined area, such as in the local
office 103. One or more of the operations described in connection
with FIG. 5 may also or alternatively be performed by one or more
other computing devices.
[0036] At step 505, a monitoring system may be associated with one
or more devices. The monitoring system may establish a connection
between one or more devices within a defined area. The monitoring
system may communicate with the devices and may receive information
about the devices. For example, the monitoring system may receive
location information from the devices. The location information may
be obtained through a variety of sources including global
positioning satellite (GPS), or a Wi-Fi location service. The
monitoring system may communicate with software such as anti-virus
software that is running on the devices. The monitoring system may
receive information regarding an intrusion onto a device from the
anti-virus software.
[0037] The monitoring system may control associated devices. The
monitoring system may be able to cause an associated device to
perform any operation a user can perform on the device. For
example, the monitoring system may cause the device to download
data, install/uninstall an application, delete files or data, turn
off/on input/output sources, connect to or disconnect from a
network, etc. The monitoring system may control information
security on the associated devices. For example, the monitoring
system may control software on each device that scans for malware
and may cause the device to scan for and/or delete malware.
[0038] At step 510 the monitoring system may be associated with
other monitoring systems. The monitoring system may establish a
connection with other monitoring systems. The other monitoring
systems may be located nearby the monitoring system. For example, a
number of monitoring systems within a residential neighborhood may
establish connections with each other. The monitoring systems may
each have a number of components as illustrated in FIG. 3 or any
other figure described herein.
[0039] Monitoring systems that are associated with each other may
share information regarding events detected within their respective
defined areas as described below in step 545. User preferences may
govern what information is shared as described below.
[0040] In step 515, user preferences may be received. The user
preferences may be input by a user through a graphical user
interface (GUI) such as GUI 700 shown in FIG. 7. For example, GUI
700 may have a column 710 where devices can be entered. Devices may
be identified to the user with a device name such as device names
750 and 755. GUI 700 may also have a setting 720 where the user can
select whether each device is allowed to connect to other
monitoring systems (e.g., monitoring systems that the user's
monitoring system is associated with as discussed in step 510 of
FIG. 5) without triggering an event. For example according to
setting 730, the device associated with device name 750 may be
allowed to connect to a gateway of an associated monitoring system
without triggering an event, but the device associated with device
name 755 (family room TV) may not be allowed to connect to a
gateway of an associated monitoring system without triggering an
event.
[0041] The user preferences may indicate what action the user
prefers one or more devices to perform when different kinds of
events are detected. The GUI 700 may contain a location 740 for
inputting preferences for actions to be performed if an event is
triggered. The action can be specific to a device that is involved
in the event. For example, if an event is detected that involves
the device associated with device name 755, then an alarm may be
triggered based on the user's preference 760. Other preferences on
actions may include tracking the device, encrypting and backing up
data, and/or sending a notification to a user. The button for
Additional Preferences 770 may allow a user to enter additional
preferences for items discussed below.
[0042] The user preferences may indicate each party that
information is shared with if an event is detected. User
preferences may indicate a number of user devices to share
information with if an event is detected. Information may be shared
with devices that are associated with a monitoring system.
Information may be shared in the form of a notification. User
preferences may indicate that information should be shared with
other monitoring systems if an event is detected.
[0043] The user preferences may indicate what information is shared
if an event is detected. For example, user preferences may indicate
that any or all of the following may be shared after detecting an
event: the classification of the event, time of the event,
information recorded by sensors that detected the event (e.g.,
camera footage of the event, carbon monoxide levels recorded by a
sensor), location of the event within the defined area, devices
affected or impacted by the event (e.g., which devices were stolen
in a break-in, which devices were damaged by water in a flood).
User preferences may indicate that information recorded by a sensor
may be shared with other devices or monitoring systems.
[0044] The user preferences may indicate how information is shared
if an event is detected. User preferences may indicate that
information is shared via radio, internet, a local area network,
Wi-Fi, and/or Bluetooth, and other types of communication
methods.
[0045] In step 520, zones may be established within the defined
area. A device (e.g., gateway 340) may receive as input a map of
the defined area and may use the map with GPS, for example, to
determine what room each sensor is in. In this example, the map may
contain GPS coordinates for one or more points on the map. Sensors
may also be able to determine their GPS coordinates and communicate
the coordinates with the gateway 340 or another computing device.
Additionally/alternatively, a user may enter GPS coordinates for
each sensor manually.
[0046] Additionally/alternatively, the map may contain boundaries
for a number of rooms or areas. Each room or area may be a zone
within the defined area. Sensors may be assigned manually to each
area. The area an event is occurring may be determined based on the
assigned area of a sensor that has detected the event. The
monitoring system may also determine what floor each sensor is on
and may designate each floor as a separate zone.
[0047] A device may determine zones by grouping sensors together. A
zone may be defined by the coverage area of a collection of
sensors. Each sensor may be assigned to a zone. A sensor may be
assigned to a zone through input from a user. If a sensor is
triggered, a notification may be sent to the gateway 340 by the
sensor. The gateway 340 may store the zone and sensor association
and may determine that an event is occurring in the zone assigned
to or associated with the sensor.
[0048] A sensor for identification may be placed at the border of
one or more zones. The sensor may identify each person leaving or
entering a zone. The sensor may use radio-frequency identification
(RFID), facial recognition, passwords or passcodes, etc. to
identify a person leaving or entering the zone. If someone moves
into or out of a zone, the action may be classified as a zone
movement event and an action may be taken as described below in
step 635 of FIG. 6. User preferences received in step 515 may also
indicate the number of zones within the defined area. A user may
combine or split up zones within the defined area via a GUI.
[0049] In step 525, members of each zone may optionally be
determined. A device may use information containing a list of
people and the zone each person belongs to or is allowed to access.
In step 530, the defined area may be monitored for events. Sensors
may be used to detect events (as described with FIG. 3). In step
535, a device may determine whether an event has been detected. An
event may be detected if a sensor is triggered. An event may also
be detected if a measurement of a sensor exceeds a threshold. For
example, if carbon monoxide rises above a level, then a carbon
monoxide detector may be triggered and the monitoring system may
determine that an event has occurred
[0050] In step 540, the event may be classified. Information from
one or more sensors may be used to classify an event. The event may
be classified based on the type of sensor that was triggered during
the event. For example, if a window sensor is triggered, then the
event may be classified as a break-in. If the smoke detector is
triggered then the event may be classified as a fire. If a flood
detector is triggered then the event may be classified as a flood.
If carbon monoxide rises above a level, then a carbon monoxide
detector may notify gateway 340 or other computing device that a
carbon monoxide event has occurred.
[0051] A classification of an event may indicate a severity of the
event. The severity may depend on the location of a sensor. If
sensors located near sensitive areas (e.g., within 5, 10, or 20
feet) are triggered then the event may be classified as a high
severity event. If sensors located near the outside edge of a
defined area or far from a sensitive area (e.g., greater than 20
feet from a sensitive area) are triggered then the event may be
determined to be a low severity event. If sensors are not near a
sensitive area and are not far from a sensitive area then the event
may be classified as a middle severity event. A user may designate
which areas are sensitive within a defined area. A user may have
control over which sensors trigger high severity, middle severity,
and low severity events. For example, a user may input which
sensors are near sensitive areas so that if those sensors are
triggered, the event is classified as high severity. A user may
label which sensors are far from sensitive areas. A user may
designate which sensors are neither near a sensitive area nor far
from a sensitive area. If sensors that are neither near nor far
from a sensitive area detect an event, the event may be classified
as a middle severity event.
[0052] Classifying an event may involve determining a state of one
or more devices that are associated with a monitoring system. For
example, if a device is not connected to the gateway of the
monitoring system then an event may be triggered and classified as
a missing device event.
[0053] Classifying an event may involve determining an alarm state
of the monitoring system. Alarm states may include home, away,
stay, night, panic, encryption, and off. The monitoring system may
have a code that can be input by a user to change the alarm state.
For example, the code may be entered if a person returns home to
change the alarm state from "away" to "off." The code may be a
number, password, and/or biometric (e.g., finger print, face scan,
eye scan, etc.).
[0054] The monitoring system may have a separate duress code that
allows a user to change the alarm state and simultaneously send a
notification to other monitoring systems, devices, and/or law
enforcement. A duress code may be used in a situation where someone
or something is forcing a user to change the alarm state or provide
access to a device. For example, a thief may force a user to change
the alarm state from "away" to "off." If the user enters a duress
code, a notification may be sent to law enforcement without the
thief's knowledge and it may appear that the alarm state has been
changed to "off." The duress code may be a number, password, and/or
biometric (e.g., finger print, face scan, eye scan, etc.).
Additionally/alternatively, each device may have a duress code that
may be used to unlock the device. If a duress code is used to
unlock a device, the device may allow access and visibility to only
a set of duress files. The duress files may contain fake data. The
duress files may contain fake passwords, fake contact information,
fake finance information, or any other type of fake data. For
example, if someone has forced a user to provide access to a
device, the user may provide access to fake data (duress files)
instead of sensitive data owned by the user. The duress files may
make a thief believe he has gained access to valuable/useful
information. Unlocking a device with a duress code may also notify
other devices, monitoring systems, and/or law enforcement without
triggering an alarm within the defined area.
[0055] The away state may be set if a user leaves the house. If the
away state is set, any sensor in the defined area may detect an
event. If the away state is set, one or more screens of the
associated devices may be locked and/or turned off. Data on devices
may also be encrypted if the away state is set. If the stay state
is set, sensors on the exterior of the defined area (sensors that
detect events around the border of the defined area) may be able to
detect events while sensors that are not on the border of the
defined area may be set not to detect events.
[0056] If the alarm is set to the panic state and an event is
detected, a specific room/area of the home may be locked (e.g.,
doors, windows, etc.) to create a safety zone or panic room.
Additionally, data may be encrypted and/or backed up on a number of
devices. A number of devices within the room/area may be locked if
the alarm is set to the panic state.
[0057] The monitoring system may have one or more encryption
profiles. Devices associated with the monitoring system may be
added to an encryption profile. An encryption profile may specify
an encryption algorithm to use on a device. An encryption profile
may also specify how often to encrypt a device. An encryption file
may specify that the device should be encrypted after an event has
been detected.
[0058] In step 545, monitoring systems and/or other computing
devices may be notified of an event that is detected in step 535.
The notification may be based on the classification of the event in
step 540. The notification may be performed according to the user
preferences described above in step 515. There may be default
information included with a notification. The default information
may include, for example, a classification of the event, time of
the event, location of the event (e.g., where in the defined area
the event occurred). The notification may contain information such
as camera footage or pictures, temperature readings, facial
recognition information, speed of an object detected by a motion
sensor, audio recordings, etc. Camera/video recordings may be
shared with other computing devices and/or monitoring systems. The
shared video recording may begin within a predetermined amount of
time before a sensor detects an event (e.g., 1 minute, 5 minutes,
30 minutes, 1 hour, etc. before the event) and end within a
predetermined time period after the event is detected (e.g., 1
minute, 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc. after the event).
[0059] Others may be notified of an event that is detected and
classified. For example, an owner of a property located within the
defined area may be notified of an event. People that reside, work,
or spend time in the defined area may be notified of an event. The
notification may be sent through, for example, a mobile
application, text message, and/or email.
[0060] In step 550, actions may be performed according to the
classification of the event. These actions are illustrated in FIG.
6, beginning at step 605. FIG. 6 shows an example method for
performing actions if an event is detected in a defined area.
Although the following description of FIG. 6 refers to operations
performed by a monitoring system (which may be the same monitoring
system performing steps of FIG. 5 and/or one or more other
monitoring systems), some or all of the steps shown in FIG. 6 may
also or alternatively be performed by one or more other computing
devices. The system may perform calculations or actions by a
computing device within a defined area and/or may perform
calculations or actions by a computing device located remotely from
the defined area, such as in the local office 103.
[0061] In step 605, a monitoring system may determine whether to
protect devices. The monitoring system may take into account user
preferences, alarm state, and/or the classification of the event in
determining whether to protect devices. The monitoring system may
determine whether to protect all, some, or none of the devices. The
monitoring system may follow the user preferences over a default
action if the default action conflicts with user preferences.
[0062] The monitoring system may determine whether to protect
devices based on of the relative location in which an event occurs
with respect to a device. For example, if a sensor is within a
predetermined distance (e.g., 5, 10, 20 feet) of a device or is in
the same room as the device, then the device may be protected.
Additionally/alternatively, actions may be taken to protect devices
that are within the same zone as the sensor that detected the
event. In some cases, no action may be taken to protect devices
located in other zones where no event was detected.
[0063] For example, a building may have six businesses with
separate office spaces that share the same monitoring system. The
office space for each business may be a zone. A monitoring system
may individually take action in response to an event occurring in
one of the zones while taking no actions in other zones where no
event is occurring. For example, during an event (e.g., a motion
sensor is triggered if alarm state is set to away) devices in one
business may be encrypted, backed-up, or have their data deleted
while devices in the other five businesses that share the
monitoring system may be unaffected.
[0064] Whether to protect devices may be determined based on the
classification of the event. If the event does not pose a threat to
devices, then it may be determined not to take additional actions
to protect devices. For example, if the monitoring system
classifies an event as a carbon monoxide leak, then the monitoring
system may take no additional actions to protect devices but may
instead sound an alarm, notify other monitoring systems or users,
and/or notify governmental authorities. The monitoring system may
determine to protect devices if there is a break-in within a
defined area. For example, if a person triggers a motion detector
when the alarm state is set to away then the monitoring system may
determine to protect devices as described in step 610.
[0065] In step 610, the monitoring system may protect associated
devices. The monitoring system may cause an associated device to
lock, encrypt, and/or backup data. The monitoring system may send a
signal to each device instructing backup/lock/encryption to
begin.
[0066] An action to protect devices may be determined based on the
classification of the event. For example, if a monitoring system
classifies an event as a break-in, then the monitoring system may
determine that devices should be protected from being stolen. This
may involve locking the devices, encrypting data, and backing up
data. If the event is classified as a flood or fire, the monitoring
system may determine to backup data to a remote location or to a
cloud storage account.
[0067] If the event is classified as a malware or cyberattack, then
one or more devices may be disconnected from a network. For
example, the monitoring system may learn, via anti-virus software
running on a second device, that the second device has been
infected with a virus or other malware. The monitoring system may
disconnect the second device or other devices from the gateway 340
to prevent the virus from further spreading. The infected device
may be disconnected from other devices. For example, if the
infected device is connected to another device via Bluetooth, the
monitoring system may instruct one or both of the devices to
terminate the connection. If it is determined that the gateway 340
has been breached by a cyberattack and/or contains malware, then
one or more devices may be disconnected from the gateway 340.
[0068] Additionally/alternatively, the data on devices may be
periodically encrypted. For example, as new data is saved on a
device, the device may be caused to encrypt the new data.
Additionally/alternatively, devices may encrypt data every day,
every week, every month, every 6 months, or any other interval of
time. Protecting devices may include erasing data and/or making the
device inoperable. The monitoring system may wait to delete files
stored locally on a computing device until after the files have
been backed up.
[0069] Encrypting/backing up/deleting data on a device may depend
on the type of data. The monitoring system may begin by encrypting,
backing up, or deleting the most important files first. Files on a
device may be categorized or marked by a user or the device to
indicate which files are most important to address first.
Additionally/alternatively, the monitoring system may determine a
type of file based on the file name. Different types of data may
include financial, personal records (family pictures, journals,
birth certificates, etc.). A first type of data (e.g., financial
data) may be most important and may be encrypted, backed up, and/or
deleted before a second type of data (e.g., personal photos) is
encrypted, backed up, and/or deleted. However, the user or the
device may determine the order of encryption, backup, deletion or
any other action that is performed on the files.
[0070] Data of varying sizes may be encrypted, backed up, or
deleted depending on user preferences, the alarm state, and the
classification of the event. For example, the monitoring system may
determine to encrypt, back up, or delete all of the data on the
device or just a portion of the data on the device. Encrypting,
backing up, or deleting data on a device may depend on the severity
of event. The monitoring system may encrypt, back up, or delete
certain files or data and leave others alone if the event is not
severe. In the case of a severe event, the device may encrypt all
files.
[0071] In one example, the alarm system of the motorized vehicle
312 may be triggered. The motorized vehicle may be disabled from
starting the engine until the motorized vehicle or a monitoring
system receives a correct security code.
[0072] In step 612, whether to protect data on accounts may be
determined based on user preferences and/or the classification of
the event. Accounts may include any account that is associated with
a monitoring system's associated devices. Accounts may include
entertainment (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, etc.), banking, social
media (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Reddit, LinkedIn, etc.), or
any other account accessible online.
[0073] If a monitoring system determines that a cyberattack event
has occurred (e.g., software running remotely or on a device
notifies the system that an attack is targeting an account) then
the monitoring system may determine to take action to protect an
account. For example, if the monitoring system detects a phishing
attack that is attempting to steal credentials for logging into an
account then the monitoring system may take action to protect the
account. The monitoring system may also determine that an
unauthorized user is using or attempting to access an account. For
example, the monitoring system may use a camera and facial
recognition software to determine that an unauthorized user is
attempting to access an account via a device associated with the
monitoring system. If the monitoring system determines that an
unauthorized user is attempting to access an account then the
monitoring system may determine to protect the account.
[0074] In step 615, data on the accounts described in step 612 may
be protected. The monitoring system may log out of the accounts on
all or some devices and/or limit access to portions of content on
accounts for some or all devices. Two factor authentication codes
for one or more accounts may be requested. For example, the
monitoring system may determine that an intrusion has occurred and
that a device within the defined area is designated for two-factor
authentication with an account. The monitoring system may request
two factor authentication codes that can be used to gain access to
the account without possession of the device.
[0075] In step 620, whether to flag a device as lost may be
determined based on user preferences and/or the classification of
the event. If a device is outside of range of a gateway the device
may be flagged as lost. Alternatively, a user may manually flag a
device as lost through the monitoring system.
[0076] A device associated with the monitoring system may encrypt,
back up, and/or delete data after moving outside of range of the
gateway or otherwise being unable to connect to the gateway.
Additionally/alternatively, the device may become locked after
moving outside of range of the gateway or being unable to connect
to the gateway. If the device is within range of a separate
monitoring system associated with, or trusted by the device's
monitoring system then the device may remain unlocked and/or
unencrypted. A hard disk lock on a device may remain locked if the
device is disconnected or not within range of the gateway. The hard
disk lock may remain unlocked if the device is within range of the
gateway or is connected to a gateway of a trusted monitoring
system.
[0077] After a device is locked, a user of another device, or other
monitoring systems may be notified that the device was locked.
After a device is locked, a user may be required to enter a
password, face scan, a thumb print, and/or other biometric data to
unlock the device. Additionally/alternatively, the device may
require a connection with the gateway of a monitoring system (e.g.,
gateway 340) before unlocking. Additionally/alternatively, allowing
a device to unlock may depend on how long the device has been
disconnected from or out of range of the monitoring system (e.g.,
gateway 340). For example, if the device has been out of range of
monitoring system's gateway for less than a predetermined time
interval (e.g., 30 seconds, 5 minutes, 3 hours, etc.) then the
monitoring system or device may accept a password to unlock the
device. If the device has been out of range of a monitoring
system's gateway for more than a predetermined time interval (e.g.,
30 seconds, 5 minutes, 3 hours, etc.) then the monitoring system or
device may require a password and biometric data to unlock the
device.
[0078] One device may be paired with another device. Paired devices
may communicate with each other via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, a
telecommunication network (such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE)),
radio, or any other communication network or protocol. Distance
between devices may be measured based on a signal strength between
the two devices (e.g., Bluetooth) or by using GPS. The devices may
share their locations with each other to determine how far apart
they are. If one device is separated from its paired device by a
distance that satisfies a threshold (e.g., greater than 20 feet, 50
feet, 100 yards, etc.), then one or both of the devices may become
locked or have their data encrypted, deleted, or backed up. For
example, a smartwatch may be paired with a smart phone. If the
smart phone is stolen (or vice versa) and taken a distance that
exceeds 100 yards from the smartwatch then the smart phone may lock
itself and/or backup, delete, and/or encrypt data. The smart phone
may also send a notification to the smartwatch.
Additionally/alternatively, paired devices that are separated from
each other by a distance that satisfies a threshold (e.g., greater
than 20 feet, 50 feet, 100 yards, etc.) may prevent themselves from
accessing financial applications or services (e.g., a bank
application, investment accounts, etc.).
[0079] Determining whether to flag a device as lost may depend on
the alarm state. If the alarm state is set to stay then a device
may be flagged as lost if the device leaves the defined area or is
located a predetermined distance from the defined area (20 feet,
100 meters, etc. from the boundary of the defined area).
[0080] In step 625, a device may be flagged as lost. The monitoring
system may flag a device as lost by sending information to a
headend or a centralized location that keeps track of lost devices.
Information may include instructions on what to do if the device is
located, a device ID, an owner of the device, contact information
for the owner of device, make and model of device, etc. The
monitoring system may flag a device as lost by sending a
notification to other associated monitoring systems.
[0081] A monitoring system may identify devices that are nearby the
monitoring system. If a device is within range of the gateway 340,
the monitoring system may determine a device ID and other
information from the device. The monitoring system may look up the
device ID on a list of lost devices to determine if the device is
lost. The monitoring system may communicate via a centralized
location to notify a person of the discovery of the lost device.
Additionally/alternatively, the other monitoring systems may be
notified that the device was found. The monitoring system may
notify law enforcement and provide information about a lost device
including the last location detected. For example, a monitoring
system may notify law enforcement that the device was within range
of its gateway, and the location where the device was detected.
[0082] The monitoring system may assist in locating any lost device
including devices not associated with any monitoring system.
Devices may include instructions that allow them to be flagged as
lost by a user. If devices that are flagged as lost come in range
with a gateway (e.g., gateway 340 of a monitoring system) then the
monitoring system may identify the device and notify a user or law
enforcement as discussed above.
[0083] In step 630, information indicating a location of a device
may be received. The device may have been previously flagged as
lost in step 625. Information may be received from a headend
indicating a location of the device. Additionally/alternatively,
information may be received from other monitoring systems.
Information indicating a location of a device may include a time
that the device's location was discovered. A monitoring system may
also track chips or devices that may be placed on pets such as a
dog or cat. If the pet passes within range of a gateway of a
separate monitoring system the separate monitoring system may send
a notification to the monitoring system of the owner of the
pet.
[0084] In step 635 other actions may be taken based on a
classification of the event and/or based on user preferences. For
example if a car (e.g., a connected car that is equipped with
Internet access) that is associated with a monitoring system is
stolen, then the monitoring system may communicate with the car and
instruct it to use self-driving capabilities to return home.
[0085] Other actions may include actions responsive to movement in
or out of zones as described in step 520 of FIG. 5. If a zone
movement event is detected, actions may be taken to protect the
zone that is being entered. For example if a person moves from zone
1 to zone 2 then a monitoring system may protect devices, accounts,
and/or people located in zone 2. After detecting a zone movement
event, the screen of a device may be locked and/or turned off. The
screen of a device may be unlocked or turned on after the zone
movement event has ended. For example, after the person from zone 1
has left zone 2 a monitoring system may return the devices to their
prior state before the zone movement event was detected.
[0086] A notification may be sent to users within a zone. For
example, if a person moves from zone 1 to zone 2, then one or more
users within zone 2 may receive a notification of the movement. The
notification may include information such as identification of the
person that has entered the zone, the location where the person
entered the zone, permissions of the person that has entered the
zone (e.g., what data the person is allowed to access, areas that
the person is allowed to access, etc.). The actions taken may
depend on user preferences. For example, user preferences may
indicate whether a user's screen should be locked or turned off if
a zone movement event is detected. Other actions may include
actions described in the description of FIG. 4. From step 635, the
monitoring system may proceed to step 530 in FIG. 5 and continue
monitoring the defined area.
[0087] The methods and features recited herein may be implemented
through any number of computer readable media that are able to
store computer readable instructions. Examples of computer readable
media that may be used include RAM, ROM, Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other
memory technology, CD-ROM, DVD, other optical disk storage,
magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic storage, and the
like.
[0088] Additionally, or alternatively, in at least some
embodiments, the methods and features recited herein may be
implemented through one or more Integrated Circuits (ICs). An IC
may be, for example, a microprocessor that accesses programming
instructions or other data stored in a ROM. In some embodiments, a
ROM may store program instructions that cause an IC to perform
operations according to one or more of the methods described
herein. In some embodiments, one or more of the methods described
herein may be hardwired into an IC. For example, an IC may comprise
an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) having gates
and/or other logic dedicated to the calculations and other
operations described herein. In still other embodiments, an IC may
perform some operations based on execution of programming
instructions read from ROM or RAM, with other operations hardwired
into gates or other logic. Further, an IC may be configured to
output image data to a display buffer.
[0089] Although examples are described above, features and/or steps
of those examples may be combined, divided, omitted, rearranged,
revised, and/or augmented in any desired manner. Various
alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to
those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and
improvements are intended to be part of this description, though
not expressly stated herein, and are intended to be within the
spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing
description is by way of example only, and is not limiting.
* * * * *