U.S. patent application number 16/929745 was filed with the patent office on 2022-06-23 for nail composition containing adhesive agent, primary film former and plasticizer.
This patent application is currently assigned to L'OREAL. The applicant listed for this patent is L'OREAL. Invention is credited to Chaitrali Makarand GOTHE, Aline Aude GUIMONT, Ramakrishnan HARIHARAN, Allen SHA, Ruisong XU.
Application Number | 20220192964 16/929745 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-06-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220192964 |
Kind Code |
A9 |
XU; Ruisong ; et
al. |
June 23, 2022 |
NAIL COMPOSITION CONTAINING ADHESIVE AGENT, PRIMARY FILM FORMER AND
PLASTICIZER
Abstract
The present invention relates to a nail composition containing
at least one adhesive agent, at least one primary film former and
at least one plasticizer.
Inventors: |
XU; Ruisong; (Scotch Plains,
NJ) ; GUIMONT; Aline Aude; (Westfield, NJ) ;
SHA; Allen; (Edison, NJ) ; HARIHARAN;
Ramakrishnan; (Springfield, NJ) ; GOTHE; Chaitrali
Makarand; (Santa Clara, CA) |
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Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
L'OREAL |
Paris |
|
FR |
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Assignee: |
L'OREAL
Paris
FR
|
Prior
Publication: |
|
Document Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20220016015 A1 |
January 20, 2022 |
|
|
Appl. No.: |
16/929745 |
Filed: |
July 15, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14931316 |
Nov 3, 2015 |
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16929745 |
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International
Class: |
A61K 8/81 20060101
A61K008/81; A61K 8/37 20060101 A61K008/37; A61K 8/42 20060101
A61K008/42; A61Q 3/02 20060101 A61Q003/02 |
Claims
1. A nail composition comprising: at least one adhesive agent,
wherein the at least one adhesive agent is nitrocellulose; at least
one primary film former, wherein the at least one primary film
former is a carboxyl functional acrylate; at least one secondary
film former; at least one co-film former selected from the group
consisting of polyurethanes, acrylic polymers, vinyl polymers,
polyvinylbutyrals, and mixtures thereof; and at least plasticizer;
wherein the composition has shine higher than about 60 GU at
20.degree..
2. The nail composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one
solvent.
3. The nail composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of at
least one primary film former to at least one plasticizer is
greater than or equal to about 1:1.
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. The nail composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one
primary film former is a carboxyl functional acrylate polymer
having an acid value (number) ranging from about 40 to about
95.
7. (canceled)
8. The nail composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one
primary film former has a Tg value ranging from about 40.degree. C.
to about 95.degree. C.
9. The nail composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one
secondary film former is tosylamide epoxy resin.
10. (canceled)
11. The nail composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one
plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of glycols and
their ester derivatives, esters of acids carboxylic acids, and
mixtures thereof.
12. The nail composition of claim 1, wherein the at least co-film
former is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers,
vinyl polymers, polyvinylbutyrals, and mixtures thereof.
13. The nail composition of claim 2, wherein the at least one
solvent is selected from organic solvents, inorganic solvents, and
mixtures thereof.
14. The nail composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a
color coat, topcoat or basecoat.
15. The nail composition of claim 1, further comprising at least
one coloring agent.
16. A method of making up or protecting nails comprising applying
the composition of claim 1 to nails in an amount sufficient to make
up or protect the nails.
17. A method of making the composition of claim 1, comprising
combining the at least one adhesive agent, at least one primary
film former, and at least one plasticizer in a nail composition.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is based upon and claims the benefit
of priority from U.S. application Ser. No. 14/931,316, filed Nov.
3, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a nail composition
comprising at least one adhesive agent, at least one primary film
forming polymer, and at least one plasticizer.
DISCUSSION OF THE BACKGROUND
[0003] Traditional nail polish products contain a large amount of
cellulose based polymers such as nitrocellulose, primarily because
cellulose based polymers provide good adhesion of the compositions
to nails upon application. Although nitrocellulose is the preferred
adhesive agent for use in nail polish compositions and it
constitutes the "gold standard" of adhesive agents in nail polish
compositions, the traditional nail compositions containing
nitrocellulose are generally known for poor long wear
characteristics. The use of low levels of nitrocellulose tends to
result in the coated films being easily damaged. On the other hand,
the use of high levels of nitrocellulose results in the nail
polishes being too hard and inflexible. Further, nitrocellulose
does not impart high gloss.
[0004] In the past, proposed solutions to improve adhesion and
gloss included incorporating into compositions containing
nitrocellulose high levels of plasticizers and replacing
nitrocellulose with other alternative materials. For instance, U.S.
Pat. No. 6,939,551 relates to the use of nitrocellulose in the
presence of butyl phthalimide isopropyl phthalimide, and U.S. Pat.
No. 8,790,669 discloses the use of latex film formers instead of
nitrocellulose.
[0005] Despite such attempts, there remains a need for nail
compositions which adhere, are glossy and have long wear
properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention relates to a nail composition
comprising: [0007] (1) at least one adhesive agent; [0008] (2) at
least one primary film former; and [0009] (3) at least one
plasticizer.
[0010] The present invention also relates to a nail composition
comprising: [0011] (1) at least one adhesive agent; [0012] (2) at
least one primary film former; and [0013] (3) at least one
plasticizer, and
[0014] further comprising at least one co-film former, and at least
one solvent. Optionally, the composition further comprises at least
one secondary film former, at least one pigment, at least one
thixotropic agent, at least one silicone acrylate copolymer and/or
at least one additive.
[0015] The present invention further relates to the above nail
compositions in the form of a base coat, a color coat or a top
coat.
[0016] The present invention also relates to methods for making up
and/or protecting nails comprising applying to the nails a
composition of the present invention.
[0017] The present invention also relates to a method of making a
nail composition comprising combining at least one adhesive agent;
at least one primary film former; and at least one plasticizer in a
nail composition.
[0018] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
description and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] In the following description of the invention and the claims
appended hereto, it is to be understood that the terms used have
their ordinary and accustomed meanings in the art, unless otherwise
specified.
[0020] "About" as used herein means within 10% of the indicated
number (e.g. "about 10%" means 9%-11% and "about 2%" means
1.8%-2.2%).
[0021] "A" or "an" as used herein means "at least one."
[0022] As used herein, all ranges provided are meant to include
every specific range within, and combination of subranges between,
the given ranges. Thus, a range from 1-5, includes specifically 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5, as well as subranges such as and 2-5, 3-5, 2-3, 2-4,
1-4, etc.
[0023] "Adhesion" as used herein, refers to chemical and/or
physical bonding between a coating and a substrate. Good adhesion
between nail polish and nail surface should translate to good wear
properties on consumers.
[0024] "Adhesive agent" or "adhesive" means a polymer that improves
chemical and/or physical bonding between a coating and a substrate.
In this invention, the adhesive agent improves bonding between
compositions and the nail surface or other compositions.
[0025] "Young's modulus" as used herein, means a force per unit
area (MPa) that is needed to stretch a sample material. It is
defined as the slope of stress-strain curve at the elastic region
where the deformation of the sample can be restored to its original
state. Stress is the force causing deformation divided by the area
to which the force is applied and the strain is the deformation
ratio in length to its original state. The high value of Young's
modulus means that the material is hard and stiff, on the contrary
low value means that the material is soft, flexible and more
ductile.
[0026] "Removal" or "Easy removal" means the composition may be
substantially removed with acetone or other organic solvents not
limited to butyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, ethyl
acetate, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures
thereof.
[0027] "Impact resistance" as used herein, means minimum of energy
to cause failure (deformation, cracking) of the tested material.
The impact energy depends on the weight used to damage a sample and
the height from which the weight is dropped. Higher the weight and
height from which the weight is dropped, higher is the impact
energy. The impact resistance values are given in kgcm and
correspond to the lowest value of (weight.times.height) for which
the specimen shows failure. A drop weight impact tester was used.
The dynamic energy (expressed in Joule (J)) in a falling object at
the impact moment can be calculated as:
E=F.sub.wh=m g h, wherein
[0028] F.sub.w=force due to gravity-weight (N, lb.sub.f)
[0029] g=acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s.sup.2, 32.17405
ft/s.sup.2)
[0030] h=falling height (m)
[0031] The equation can be combined with the equation of work:
F=m g h/s
[0032] s=distance
[0033] "Abrasion resistance" as used herein, means resistant to
disruptions caused by being exposed to rough materials.
[0034] "Film former", "film-forming polymer" or "film forming
agent" or "co-film former" as used herein means a polymer or resin
that leaves a film on the substrate to which it is applied, for
example, after a solvent accompanying the film former has
evaporated, absorbed into and/or dissipated on the substrate.
[0035] "Free" or "devoid" of as it is used herein means that while
it is preferred that no amount of the specific component be present
in the composition, it is possible to have very small amounts of it
in the compositions of the invention provided that these amounts do
not materially affect at least one, preferably most, of the
advantageous properties of the compositions of the invention. Thus,
for example, "free of solvents" means that non-aqueous solvents are
preferably omitted (that is 0% by weight), but can be present in
the composition at an amount of less than about 0.25% by weight,
typically less than about 0.1% by weight, typically less than about
0.05% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0036] "Water free" or "free of water" herein means that water is
preferably omitted (that is 0.degree. by weight), but can be
present in the composition at an amount of less than about
0.25.degree. by weight, typically less than about 0.1% by weight,
typically less than about 0.05% by weight, based on the total
weight of the composition.
[0037] "Glass transition temperature" (Tg) means the temperature at
which the amorphous material changes from a glassy solid state to a
rubbery state. This temperature may be measured by standard
techniques in the art, such as DSC (Differential Scanning
calorimeter), e.g., according to the ASTM D3418-97 standard.
[0038] "Makeup Result" as used herein, refers to compositions where
color remains the same or substantially the same as at the time of
application, as viewed by the naked eye, after an extended period
of time. "Makeup Result" may be evaluated by evaluating long wear
properties by any method known in the art for evaluating such
properties. For example, long wear may be evaluated by a test
involving the application of a composition to nails and evaluating
the color of the composition after an extended period of time. For
example, the color of a composition may be evaluated immediately
following application to nails and these characteristics may then
be re-evaluated and compared after a certain amount of time.
Further, these characteristics may be evaluated with respect to
other compositions, such as commercially available
compositions.
[0039] "Making up" as used herein means to provide decoration (for
example, color) to the nail. "Protecting" as used herein means to
inhibit damage to the nail (for example, chipping) by providing a
protective layer on the nail.
[0040] "Nails", "fingernail or "toenail" refers to a human
keratinous substrate on a finger or toe which can be treated
(decorated) with a single or multiple nail cosmetic
compositions.
[0041] "Nail treatment system" means multiple compositions applied
on the surface of nails.
[0042] "Nail composition" or "lacquer" or "nail polish" or "nail
enamel" or "nail coating" or "nail film" refers to nail enamel
usable as a basecoat, color coat, top coat, clear coat and
protective coat applied on nails separately and/or as a combined
application of the above.
[0043] "Substituted" as used herein, means comprising at least one
substituent. Non-limiting examples of substituents for substitution
include atoms, such as oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms, as well as
functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, ether groups, alkoxy
groups, acyloxyalky groups, oxyalkylene groups, polyoxyalkylene
groups, carboxylic acid groups, amine groups, acylamino groups,
amide groups, halogen containing groups, ester groups, thiol
groups, sulphonate groups, thiosulphate groups, siloxane groups,
and polysiloxane groups. The substituent(s) may be further
substituted.
[0044] "Shine" or "gloss" as used herein, refers to surface
shininess. Gloss meters are commonly used in the nail polish art as
well as in other areas of cosmetics, and measure the amount of
light reflected from the surface or film of interest. The gloss may
be quantified, for example, as reflectance at 20.degree..
[0045] "Shine enhancing agent" or "shine increasing agent "in
accordance with the present invention means increasing shine or, as
the case may be, mitigating or reducing any reduction in shine that
may result from the use of corresponding amounts of non-shine
enhancing materials.
[0046] "Hardness" as used herein, means how resistant a material is
to various kinds of permanent shape change when a force is applied.
The force can be measured and quantified as described ahead in this
application.
[0047] "Water resistance" as used herein, means resistance of a
material (substance) to the penetration of water, which may cause
degradation of that material. The method implemented if assessment
of this invention is further disclosed
[0048] "The acid number" or "the acid value" means the quantity of
base, expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide, that is
required to neutralize the acidic constituents in 1 g of sample. It
allows to quantify the amount of acid present in the sample.
[0049] "Polymer or copolymer having a high acid value (number)"
means polymer or copolymer which requires a high amount (in
milligrams) of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to neutralize the acid
that is present in one gram of a sample of the polymer (i.e., mg
KOH/gram).
[0050] The compositions and methods of the present invention can
comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential
elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well
as any additional or optional ingredients, components, or
limitations described herein or otherwise useful.
[0051] Referred to herein are trade names for materials including,
but not limited to polymers and optional components. The inventors
herein do not intend to be limited by materials described and
referenced by a certain trade name. Equivalent materials (e.g.,
those obtained from a different source under a different name or
catalog (reference) number) to those referenced by trade name may
be substituted and utilized in the methods described and claimed
herein.
[0052] All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless
otherwise indicated. All percentages are calculated based on the
total weight of a composition unless otherwise indicated. All
component or composition levels are in reference to the active
level of that component or composition, and are exclusive of
impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which
may be present in commercially available sources.
[0053] Nail Composition
[0054] In accordance with the present invention, nail compositions
comprising: at least one adhesive agent; at least one primary film
former; and at least one plasticizer are provided.
[0055] According to these preferred embodiments, the weight ratio
of at least one primary film former to at least one plasticizer is
greater than or equal to about 1:1, preferably between about 1:2
and about 1:20, preferably between about 1:2 and about 1:15, and
preferably between about 1:2 and about 1:10, by weight, relative to
the total weight of the composition, including all ranges and
subranges therebetween.
[0056] According to these preferred embodiments, the weight ratio
of at least one adhesive agent to at least one primary film former
is greater than or equal to about 1:1, preferably between about
25:1 and about 2:1, preferably between about 20:1 and about 2:1,
and preferably between about 15:1 and about 2:1, by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition, including all
ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0057] In accordance with the present invention, nail compositions
comprising: at least one adhesive agent; at least one primary film
former; at least one co-film former; at least one plasticizer; and
at least one solvent are provided.
[0058] According to these preferred embodiments, the weight ratio
of at least one primary film former to at least one plasticizer is
greater than or equal to about 1:1, preferably between about 1:2
and about 1:20, preferably between about 1:2 and about 1:15, and
preferably between about 1:2 and about 1:10, by weight, relative to
the total weight of the composition, including all ranges and
subranges therebetween.
[0059] According to these preferred embodiments, the weight ratio
of at least one adhesive agent to at least one primary film former
is greater than or equal to about 1:1, preferably between about
25:1 and about 2:1, preferably between about 20:1 and about 2:1,
and preferably between about 15:1 and about 2:1, by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition, including all
ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0060] According to preferred embodiments, any of the above
embodiments optionally may contain at least one thixotropic agent,
at least one secondary film former, at least one silicone acrylate
copolymer, at least one pigment; and/or at least one additive.
[0061] In accordance with the present invention, nail compositions
comprising: at least one adhesive agent; at least one primary film
former; at least one co-film former; at least one plasticizer; at
least one silicone acrylate copolymer and at least one solvent are
provided.
[0062] According to these preferred embodiments, the weight ratio
of at least one primary film former to at least one plasticizer is
greater than or equal to about 1:1, preferably between about 1:2
and about 1:20, preferably between about 1:2 and about 1:15, and
preferably between about 1:2 and about 1:10, by weight, relative to
the total weight of the composition, including all ranges and
subranges therebetween.
[0063] According to these preferred embodiments, the weight ratio
of at least one adhesive agent to at least one primary film former
is greater than or equal to about 1:1, preferably between about
25:1 and about 2:1, preferably between about 20:1 and about 2:1,
and preferably between about 15:1 and about 2:1, by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition, including all
ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0064] According to these preferred embodiments, the weight ratio
of at least one primary film former to the at least one silicone
acrylate copolymer is greater than or equal to about 1:1,
preferably between about 20:1 and about 1.5:1, preferably between
about 17:1 and about 1.5:1, and preferably between about 15:1 and
about 2:1, by weight, relative to the total weight of the
composition, including all ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0065] According to preferred embodiments of the present invention,
nail compositions (as described above) having shine (gloss) greater
than about 60 GU (Gloss Units) measured at 20.degree. angle are
provided.
[0066] In accordance with the present invention, the nail
compositions can be a base coat, a color coat or a top coat.
However, it should be understood that each coat in the nail
composition, itself, can comprise one or more layers. Thus, for
example, the at least one color coat can comprise one or more color
coat layers; the at least top coat can comprise one or more top
coat layers; the at least one base coat can comprise one or more
base coat layers. Preferably, each basecoat, color coat and topcoat
compositions contain three or fewer layers of compositions,
preferably two or fewer layers of compositions, and preferably a
single layer of compositions.
[0067] During application of the nail composition, the base coat is
typically applied directly to the nail, the color coat is typically
applied either directly to the nail or to a base coat, and the top
coat is typically applied to a color coat.
[0068] The nail compositions of the present invention display very
strong adhesion to the nail, good wear, resistance to damage and
superb gloss.
[0069] Without being bound by theory, it is believed that adhesive
agent, primary film forming polymers and plasticizer present in the
inventive compositions improve adhesion of the inventive nail
compositions. In addition, when it is a color coat, the inventive
color coat is characterized by low Young's modulus value which
means that the color coat is flexible. On the other hand, when it
is a top coat, Young's modulus values of the inventive top coat are
higher, which is typical for hard materials. The unique combination
of properties of the invention compositions deliver nail
compositions which consumers can wear with minimal or no damage for
an extended period (for example at least 7 to 10 days). In
addition, when it is a color coat or top coat, exceptional gloss of
the inventive color coat and top coat does not decrease
significantly during the time of wearing.
[0070] Owing to the unique architecture of compositions of the
present invention, when it is a color coat, it is characterized by
shine (gloss), good flexibility and ductility (low hardness and low
Young's modulus values), good water resistance and adhesion. When
it is a top coat, the top coat is categorized by being relatively
stiff (higher Young's modulus values), having a good water
resistance and high resistance to abrasion. The top coat also has
an excellent shine, which can be equal or higher than shine of the
color coat.
[0071] Color Coat
[0072] According to preferred embodiments, a composition of the
present invention may be a color coat.
[0073] Preferably, a color coat composition of the present
invention has one or more of the following properties:
[0074] Shine (gloss) greater than about 60 GU (Gloss Units)
measured at 20.degree. angle, preferably greater than about 70 GU,
preferably greater than about 75 GU;
[0075] Persoz pendulum hardness lower than about 35 oscillations,
preferably lower than about 30 oscillations, preferably lower than
about 25 oscillations; and
[0076] Young's modulus values lower than about 45 MPa, preferably
lower than about 40 MPa, preferably lower than about 35 MPa.
[0077] Preferably, a color coat composition of the present
invention has a weight ratio of secondary film former to
plasticizer which is greater than or equal to 1:1, by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably greater
than 2:1 and preferably greater than 2.5:1.
[0078] Preferably, a color coat composition of the present
invention has a weight ratio of at least one adhesive agent to at
least one primary film forming polymer between about 10:1 and about
1:1, preferably between about 5:1 and about 2:1, by weight,
relative to the total weight of the composition, including all
ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0079] Top Coat
[0080] According to preferred embodiments, a composition of the
present invention may be a top coat.
[0081] Preferably, a top coat composition of the present invention
has one or more of the following properties:
[0082] Shine (gloss) greater than about 70 Gloss Units (GU)
measured at 20.degree. angle, preferably greater than 75 GU,
preferably greater than 80 GU;
[0083] Young's modulus values lower than about 1200 MPa, preferably
lower than about 1100 MPa, preferably lower than about 1000
MPa.
[0084] Preferably, a topcoat is clear and/or transparent. As used
herein, the term "transparent" refers to that the composition has a
HAZEBYK index of less than 5 as measured with a KYKHAZEGLOSS type
gloss meter.
[0085] Preferably, a top coat composition of the present invention
has a weight ratio of at least one primary film former to at least
one plasticizer from about 0.5 to about 10, preferably from about
0.5 to about 4, by weight, relative to the total weight of the
composition, including all ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0086] Adhesive Agent
[0087] In accordance with the present invention, nail compositions
comprising at least one adhesive agent are provided. Preferably,
the adhesive agent is chosen from the group consisting of radical
or polycondensate type synthetic polymers, polymers of natural
origin, and mixtures thereof.
[0088] Preferably, the adhesive agent is chosen from polysaccharide
derivatives, such as cellulose or guar gum derivatives. Preferred
polysaccharide derivatives include nitrocellulose or a
polysaccharide ester or alkylether. The term "polysaccharide ester
or alkylether" refers to a polysaccharide consisting of repeat
units comprising at least two identical or different rings and
having a degree of substitution per saccharide unit between 1.9 and
3, preferably between 2.2 and 2.9, and more particularly between
2.4 and 2.8. The term substitution refers to the functionalization
of hydroxyl groups into ester and/or alkylether functions, and/or
the functionalization of carboxyl groups into ester functions. In
other words, it may consist of a polysaccharide, partially or
totally substituted with ester and/or alkylether groups.
Preferably, the hydroxyl groups may be substituted with
C.sub.2-C.sub.4 ester and/or alkylether functions.
[0089] Particular mention may be made of cellulose esters (such as
cellulose acetobutyrates or cellulose acetopropionates), cellulose
alkylethers (such as ethylcelluloses), and ethylguars.
[0090] Preferably, the at least one adhesive agent is present in
the nail compositions of the present invention at a total content
greater than or equal to 0.1.degree., preferably from about
0.2.degree. to about 25.degree., preferably from about 1.degree. to
about 20.degree., preferentially from about 3% to about 18%, by
weight in relation to the total weight of the composition.
[0091] Plasticizers
[0092] In accordance with the present invention, nail compositions
comprising at least one plasticizer are provided. Generally
speaking, plasticizers are additives used to optimize the
mechanical properties of films. They tend to reduce the Glass
Transition Temperature (Tg) and increase the softness and
flexibility of the films.
[0093] Preferably, suitable plasticizers have a boiling point
measured at ambient pressure of less than or equal to 285.degree.
C., preferably less than or equal to 270.degree. C., and preferably
less than or equal to 250.degree. C. In the present specification,
the boiling point values are to be considered accurate to
.+-.2.degree. C. owing to the uncertainties of boiling point
measurement.
[0094] Any plasticizing agent typically found in nail polish
compositions can be used. Examples of suitable plasticizers
include, but are not limited to, glycols and their ester
derivatives, esters of acids, in particular carboxylic acids, such
as citrates, adipates, carbonates, tartrates, phosphates or
sebacates, oxyethylenated derivatives, such as oxyethylenated oils,
and their mixtures. For example, suitable plasticizing agents
include, but are not limited to, diisobutyl adipate, the ester of
teributyl acid and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol, diethyl
adipate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate,
butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dimethyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate,
ethyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, dipropylene glycol n-butyl
ether, tributyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, tricresyl
phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, glycerol triacetate, butyl
stearate, butyl glycolate, benzyl benzoate, butyl
acetyltricinoleate, glyceryl acetyltricinoleate, dibutyl phthalate,
diisobutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate,
diamyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, tributyl
acetylcitrate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) acetylcitrate, dibutyl tartrate,
camphor, ethyl tosylamide and mixtures thereof.
[0095] Preferably, the plasticizer is preferably present in the
composition in an amount from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight,
preferably from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, preferably from
about 1% to about 10% by weight, of the total weight of the
composition, including all ranges and subranges there between.
[0096] Primary Film Forming Polymer
[0097] In accordance with the present invention, nail compositions
comprising at least one primary film forming agent are provided.
Preferred examples of primary film former agents include but are
not limited to acrylic polymers (homopolymers or copolymers),
preferably in the form of solid powders (flakes) and solvent free.
Specific examples of suitable primary film formers include:
[0098] Synthetic polymers of the polycondensate type or of the
free-radical type;
[0099] Acrylic polymers resulting from the copolymerization of
monomers chosen from the esters and/or amides of acrylic acid
and/or of methacrylic acid. As examples of monomers of ester type,
mention may be made of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate,
butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl
methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate. As examples of monomers of
amide type, mention may be made of N-t-butylacrylamide and
N-t-octylacrylamide; and
[0100] Acrylic polymers obtained by copolymerization of
ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing hydrophilic groups,
preferably of nonionic nature, such as hydroxyethyl acrylate,
2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and
2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
[0101] Generally speaking, the primary film-forming polymers may be
chosen from synthetic polymers such as polyurethanes, acrylic
polymers, styrene acrylate copolymers, acrylate silicone
copolymers, vinyl polymers, polyvinylbutyrals, alkyd resins,
ketone/aldehyde resins, and resins from aldehyde condensation
products, such as aryl sulfonamide formaldehyde resins such as
toluene or sulfonamide formaldehyde resin.
[0102] According to particularly preferred embodiments of the
invention, the primary film forming agent is selected from carboxyl
functional acrylate polymers having a moderate to high glass
transmission temperature (Tg) value. The "moderate to high glass
transmission" as used in the context of the present invention,
refers to an acrylates copolymer having Tg value ranging from about
40.degree. C. to about 95.degree. C., more preferably from about
60.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C., and more preferably from
about 70.degree. C. to about 85.degree. C.
[0103] According to preferred embodiments, the primary film forming
agent has a relatively high acid value, such as for example an acid
value (number) ranging from about 40 to about 95, preferably from
about 50 to about 90, and preferably from about 60 to about 80,
including all ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0104] Commercially available examples of the primary film forming
polymers include but are not limited to, for example, those sold
under the Isocryl.RTM. name by Estron Chemicals such as, for
example, Isocryl C-70 (styrene/acrylates copolymer), Isocryl
N-2513, Isocryl H-60, and Isocryl H-1871.
[0105] Preferably, the primary film former(s) are present in the
compositions of the present invention in amounts ranging from about
0.5% to about 20% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 15%,
and preferably from about 2% to about 10%, by weight, based on the
total weight of the composition, including all ranges and subranges
in between.
[0106] Secondary Film Former
[0107] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one
secondary film forming agent chosen from epoxy resins. Suitable
examples of epoxy resins include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
5,001,175, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
[0108] Preferably, suitable epoxy resins have a glass transition
temperature (Tg) of less than about 100.degree. C., preferably less
than about 80.degree. C. Non-limiting examples of suitable epoxy
resins include tosylamide epoxy resins, such as those sold by
Estron Chemical under the tradename Polytex.TM., e.g., E-75, E-100,
and NX-55, NX-3214). Other non-limiting examples of suitable epoxy
resins include aryl-sulfonamide epoxy resins.
[0109] According to preferred embodiments, if present, the at least
one secondary film former is present in the invention compositions
in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight,
preferably from about 1% to about 40% by weight, and preferably
from about 3% to about 15% by weight, including all ranges and
subranges therebetween, all weights being based on the total weight
of the composition.
[0110] Co-Film Formers
[0111] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one co-film
forming agent. Suitable co-film forming agents include, but are not
limited to, (meth)acrylate homopolymers and copolymers,
polyurethanes, polyacryls, polymethacryls, cellulosic polymers,
styrene-acryl copolymers, polystyrene-polyacryl mixtures,
polysiloxanes, polyethers, polyesters, urethane-acryl copolymers,
cellulose acetate propionate, siloxane-urethane copolymers,
polyurethane-polymethacryl mixtures, silicone-acryl copolymers,
vinyl acetate polymers, and mixtures thereof.
[0112] Suitable co-film forming agents also include aldehyde
condensation products such as arylsulfonamide formaldehyde resins,
specifically toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin which is a
condensation product of formaldehyde and toluene sulfonamide,
toluene sulfonamide/epoxy resins, e.g. tosylamide and non-drying
alkyd resins, acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyurethane,
polyacryls, polymethacryls, styrene-acryl copolymers,
polystyrene-polyacryl mixtures, polysiloxanes, polyethers,
polyesters, urethane-acryl copolymers, siloxane-urethane
copolymers, polyurethane-polymethacryl mixtures, vinyl acetate
polymers, and mixtures thereof.
[0113] Suitable co-film forming agents also include polyester
resins formed by reacting a polyhydric alcohol with a polybasic
acid, e.g., phthalic acid, such as the commercial product sold by
Unitex Chemical Corporation under the name UNIPLEX 670-P, which is
a polyester resin obtained by reacting trimellitic acid, neopentyl
glycol, and adipic acid. (Meth)acrylic resins according to the
disclosure may include copolymers of methyl methacrylate with butyl
acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, or isobornyl
methacrylate, for example, the commercial products PARALOID DM-55,
PARALOID B48N, PARALOID B66, and ELVACITE 2550; copolymers of
isobutylmethacrylate and butyl methacrylate, for instance, the
commercial product ELVACITE 2046; and isobutyl methacrylate
polymers, for example, PARALOID B67.
[0114] Suitable co-film forming agents also include polymers of
natural origin, such as plant resins such as dammars, elemi,
copals, benzoin; gums such as shellac, sandarac and mastic.
[0115] Specific examples of suitable co-film forming agents
include, but are not limited to phthalic
anhydride/glycerin/glycidyl decanoate copolymer, adipic
acid/neopenttyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer,
tosylamide/epoxy resin, butyl acetate (and) acrylates copolymer,
and hydrogenated acetophenone/oxymethylene copolymer.
[0116] Preferably, if present, the at least one co-film forming
agents are added to the nail compositions of the present invention
in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to 10 percent, preferably from
about 0.2 to 8 percent, preferably from about 0.5 to about 5
percent by weight of the total weight of the composition, including
all ranges and subranges there between.
[0117] Silicone Acrylate Copolymer
[0118] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one silicone
acrylate copolymer.
[0119] Preferably, suitable silicone acrylate copolymers have a
glass transition temperature (Tg) of greater than 20.degree. C.,
preferably greater than about 25.degree. C.
[0120] Suitable examples of silicone acrylate copolymers include
silicone/(meth)acrylate copolymers, such as those described in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,061,481, 5,219,560, 5,262,087 and US 2012/0301415, the
entire contents of all of which are hereby incorporated by
reference.
[0121] Suitable examples also include polymers derived from
non-polar silicone copolymers comprising repeating units of at
least one polar (meth)acrylate unit and vinyl copolymers grafted
with at least one non-polar silicone chain. Non-limiting examples
of such copolymers are acrylates/dimethicone copolymers such as
those commercially available from Shin-Etsu, for example, the
products sold under the tradenames KP-545 (cyclopentasiloxane (and)
acrylates/dimethicone copolymer), KP-543 (butyl acetate (and)
acrylates/dimethicone copolymer), KP-549 (methyl trimethicone (and)
acrylates/dimethicone copolymer), KP-550 (tentative INCI name:
isododecane (and) acrylate/dimethicone copolymer), and mixtures
thereof. Additional examples include the acrylate/dimethicone
copolymers sold by Dow Corning under the tradenames FA 4001 CM
SILICONE ACRYLATE (cyclopentasiloxane (and)
acrylates/polytrimethylsiloxymethacrylate copolymer) and FA 4002 ID
SILICONE ACRYLATE (isododecane (and)
acrylates/polytrimethylsiloxymethacrylate Copolymer), and mixtures
thereof.
[0122] Suitable examples also include polymers comprising a
backbone chosen from vinyl polymers, methacrylic polymers, and
acrylic polymers, and at least one chain chosen from pendant
siloxane groups. Non-limiting examples of such polymers and their
synthesis are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,972,037,
5,061,481, 5,209,924, 5,849,275, and 6,033,650, and WO 93/23446, WO
95/06078 and WO 01/32737, the disclosures of all of which are
hereby incorporated by reference. These polymers may be sourced
from various companies. One such company is Minnesota Mining and
Manufacturing Company which offers these types of polymers under
the tradenames "Silicone Plus" polymers (for example, poly(isobutyl
methacrylate-co-methyl FOSEA)-g-poly(dimethylsiloxane), sold under
the tradename SA 70-5 IBMMF).
[0123] Suitable examples also include silicone/acrylate graft
terpolymers, for example, the copolymers described in WO 01/32727
A1, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
[0124] Suitable examples also include polymers comprises a backbone
chosen from vinyl backbones, methacrylic backbones, and acrylic
polymeric backbones and further comprises at least one pendant
siloxane group. Non-limiting examples of such polymers are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,693,935, 4,981,903, and 4,981,902,
the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0125] Suitable examples also include those described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,468,477, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by
reference. A non-limiting example of these polymers is
poly(dimethylsiloxane)-g-poly(isobutyl methacrylate), which is
commercially available from 3M Company under the tradename VS 70
IBM.
[0126] Preferably, if present, the at least one silicone acrylate
copolymer is present in the compositions of the present invention
in an amount ranging from about 0.1 percent to about 10 percent by
weight, preferably from about 0.5 percent to about 8.5 percent, and
preferably from about 0.25 percent to about 5 percent by weight,
including all ranges and subranges therebetween, all weights being
based on the total weight of the composition.
[0127] Thixotropic Agent
[0128] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one
thixotropic agent in an amount that is sufficient to give the
composition a viscosity at rest sufficient to give it the desired
texture and thixotropic behavior.
[0129] In at least one embodiment, the nature and/or amount of the
at least one thixotropic agent is such that, in response to a
non-chemical action, for instance, a mechanical action, prior to or
simultaneously with the application of the composition to the
nails, the viscosity of the composition may be reversibly lowered
to a value less than or equal to 0.4 Pas, for example, less than or
equal to 0.3 Pas.
[0130] The at least one thixotropic agent may be chosen, for
example, from hydrophilic or organophilic clays, hydrophilic or
hydrophobic fumed silicas, elastomeric organopolysiloxanes, and
mixtures thereof.
[0131] Clays are silicates containing a cation that may be chosen
from calcium, magnesium, aluminium, sodium, potassium, and lithium
cations, and mixtures thereof. As used herein, the term
"hydrophilic clay" means a clay that is capable of swelling in
water; this clay swells in water and forms after hydration a
colloidal dispersion.
[0132] Examples of such products include, but are not limited to,
clays of the smectite family such as montmorillonites, hectorites,
bentonites, beidellites, and saponites, clays of the vermiculite
family, stevensite, and chlorites.
[0133] These clays may be of natural or synthetic origin.
[0134] Non-limiting examples of hydrophilic clays include smectites
such as saponites, hectorites, montmorillonites, bentonites,
beidellite and, in at least one embodiment, synthetic hectorites
(also known as laponites), for instance, the products sold by the
company Laporte under the names Laponite XLG, Laponite RD, and
Laponite RDS (these products include, for example, sodium magnesium
silicates and sodium lithium magnesium silicates); bentonites, for
instance the product sold under the name Bentone HC by the company
Rheox; magnesium aluminium silicates, which may be hydrated, for
instance, the products sold by the company Vanderbilt Company under
the names Veegum Ultra, Veegum HS, and Veegum DGT, and calcium
silicates, such as the product in synthetic form sold by the
company under the name Micro-cel C.
[0135] The organophilic clays are clays modified with chemical
compounds that make the clay capable of swelling in solvent
media.
[0136] The clay may be chosen, for example, from montmorillonite,
bentonite, hectorite, attapulgite, sepiolite, and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the clay is chosen from bentonite and
hectorite.
[0137] The chemical compound used to modify the organophilic clay
may be chosen, for instance, from quaternary amines, tertiary
amines, amine acetates, imidazolines, amine soaps, fatty sulfates,
alkyl aryl sulfonates, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
[0138] Suitable organophilic clays include, but are not limited to,
quaternium-18 bentonites such as those sold under the names Bentone
3, Bentone 38, Bentone 27 V CG, and Bentone 38V by the company
Elementis, Tixogel VP by the company United Catalyst, and Claytone
34, Claytone 40, and Claytone XL by the company Southern Clay;
stearalkonium bentonites such as those sold under the names Bentone
27V by the company Elementis, Tixogel LG by the company United
Catalyst, and Claytone AF and Claytone APA by the company Southern
Clay; and quaternium-18/benzalkonium bentonites such as those sold
under the names Claytone HT and Claytone PS by the company Southern
Clay.
[0139] The hydrophilic fumed silicas may be obtained by
high-temperature hydrolysis of a volatile silicon compound in an
oxyhydric flame, producing a finely divided silica. Hydrophilic
silicas have a large number of silanol groups at their surface.
Such hydrophilic silicas are sold, for example, under the names
Aerosil 130(R), Aerosil 200(R), Aerosil 255(R), Aerosil 300(R), and
Aerosil 380(R) by the company Degussa, and Cab-O-Sil HS-5(R),
Cab-O-Sil EH-5(R), Cab-O-Sil LM-130(R), Cab-O-Sil MS-55(R), and
Cab-O-Sil M-5(R) by the company Cabot.
[0140] The hydrophobic fumed silicas may be obtained by
modification of the surface of the silica via a chemical reaction
that generates a reduction in the number of silanol groups, these
groups possibly being substituted, for example, with hydrophobic
groups.
[0141] The hydrophobic groups may be chosen, for instance,
from:
[0142] trimethylsiloxyl groups, which may be obtained by treating
fumed silica in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane. Silicas thus
treated are known as "Silica silylate" according to the CTFA (6th
edition, 1995). They are sold, for example, under the references
Aerosil R812(R) by the company Degussa, and Cab-O-Sil TS-530(R) by
the company Cabot, dimethylsilyloxyl or polydimethylsiloxane
groups, which may be obtained by treating fumed silica in the
presence of polydimethylsiloxane or dimethyldichlorosilane. Silicas
thus treated are known as "Silica dimethyl silylate" according to
the CTFA (6th edition, 1995). They are sold, for example, under the
references Aerosil R972(R) and Aerosil R974(R) by the company
Degussa, and Cab-O-Sil TS-610(R) and Cab-O-Sil TS-720(R) by the
company Cabot.
[0143] According to one embodiment, the at least one thixotropic
agent is chosen from organophilic modified clays such as hectorite
modified with benzyldimethylammonium stearate.
[0144] The thixotropic agent, if present, may be present in the
composition in an amount greater than or equal to 0.05 percent by
weight, for example, ranging from 0.05 percent to 15 percent by
weight, or greater than or equal to 0.5 percent by weight, for
example, ranging from 0.5 percent to 10 percent by weight, or
ranging from 0.9 percent to 7.5 percent by weight, relative to the
total weight of the composition, including all ranges and subranges
therebetween.
[0145] Fillers
[0146] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one filler.
Suitable examples of fillers include mineral or organic particles
of any shape, in sheet, spherical or oblong form, regardless of the
crystallographic shape (for example sheet, cubic, hexagonal,
orthorhombic, etc.). Mention may be made of talc, mica, kaolin,
polyamide (Nylon.RTM.) (Orgasol.RTM. from Atochem),
poly-.beta.-alanine and polyethylene powders, tetrafluoroethylene
polymer powders (Teflon.RTM.), lauroyl-lysine, starch, boron
nitride, acrylic acid copolymers (Polytrap.RTM. from Dow Corning)
and silicone resin microbeads (Tospearls.RTM. from Toshiba, for
example), elastomer polyorganosiloxane particles, precipitated
calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and hydro-carbonate,
hydroxyapatite, glass or ceramic microcapsules, metallic soaps
derived from carboxylic organic acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms,
preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example zinc, magnesium
or lithium stearate, zinc laurate, magnesium myristate.
[0147] Fillers, if present, can be present particularly at a
content ranging from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, preferably
ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, most preferably from
about 0.5% to about 1.5%, in relation to the total weight of the
inventive compositions, including all ranges and subranges
therebetween.
[0148] Coloring Agent
[0149] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one coloring
agent. Preferably, the at least one coloring agent is chosen from
the group consisting of soluble dyes, pigments, nacres and
glitter.
[0150] The term "soluble dyes" should be understood to refer to
organic, inorganic or organometallic compounds, soluble in the
composition according to the invention and intended to color said
composition.
[0151] Suitable dyes are, for example, Sudan Red, DC Red 17, DC
Green 6, .beta.-carotene, soybean oil, Sudan brown, DC Yellow 11,
DC Violet 2, DC Orange 5 and Quinoline Yellow.
[0152] The term "nacres" should be understood to refer to
iridescent particles of any shape, particularly produced by some
mollusks in their shell or by synthetic means.
[0153] The term "pigments" should be understood to refer to
inorganic or organic, white or colored particles of any shape,
insoluble in the composition according to the invention and
intended to color said composition.
[0154] The pigments may be white or colored, inorganic and/or
organic. Of the inorganic pigments, mention may be made of titanium
dioxide, optionally surface-treated, zirconium or cerium oxides,
along with zinc, iron (black, yellow or red) or chromium oxides,
manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate and iron blue,
metallic powders such as aluminum powder, copper powder.
[0155] Of the organic pigments, mention may be made of carbon
black, D & C type pigments, and lacquers based on cochineal
carmine, barium, strontium, calcium, aluminum.
[0156] Mention may also be made of effect pigments such as
particles comprising a natural or synthetic organic or inorganic
substrate, for example glass, acrylic resins, polyester,
polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, ceramics, aluminas and
optionally coated with metallic substances such as aluminum, gold,
copper, bronze, or with metal oxides such as titanium dioxide, iron
oxide, chromium oxide, inorganic or organic pigments and mixtures
thereof.
[0157] The pearlescent pigments may be chosen from white
pearlescent pigments such as mica coated with titanium, or bismuth
oxychloride, colored pearlescent pigments such as titanium mica
coated with iron oxides, titanium mica coated with iron blue and
chromium oxide in particular, titanium mica coated with an organic
pigments of the aforementioned type and pearlescent pigments based
on bismuth oxychloride.
[0158] Pigments with goniochromatic properties may be used,
particularly liquid crystal or multilayer pigments.
[0159] Optical brighteners or fibers optionally coated with optical
brighteners may also be used.
[0160] The at least one coloring agent, if present, is preferably
present in a total content greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight
in relation to the total weight of the layer, ranging preferably
from about 0.1 to about 5%, advantageously from about 0.2 to about
3% by weight in relation to the total weight of the composition,
including all ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0161] Solvents
[0162] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one solvent
chosen from organic and inorganic solvents. Suitable solvents may
particularly be chosen from:
[0163] liquid ketones at ambient temperature such as
methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, diisobutylketone,
isophorone, cyclohexanone and acetone,
[0164] liquid alcohols at ambient temperature such as ethanol,
isopropanol, diacetone-alcohol, 2-butoxyethanol and cyclohexanol,
liquid glycols at ambient temperature such as ethyleneglycol,
propyleneglycol, pentyleneglycol and glycerol,
[0165] liquid propyleneglycol ethers at ambient temperature such as
propyleneglycol monomethylether, propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
acetate and dipropyleneglycol mono-n-butylether, short-chain esters
(comprising in total from 3 to 8 carbon atoms) such as ethyl
acetate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, n-propyl acetate,
iso-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, iso-butyl acetate, ter-butyl
acetate and isopentyl acetate, liquid alkanes at ambient
temperature such as decane, heptane, dodecane and cyclohexane,
[0166] liquid aromatic hydrocarbons at ambient temperature such as
toluene and xylene,
[0167] liquid silicones at ambient temperature, and mixtures
thereof.
[0168] The compositions according to the invention may also
comprise so-called volatile solvents.
[0169] The term "volatile solvent" refers to a solvent capable of
evaporating on contact with keratin matter, in less than one hour,
at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressure.
[0170] The volatile solvents according to the invention are
preferably liquid solvents at ambient temperature, having a vapor
pressure different to zero, at ambient temperature and atmospheric
pressure, particularly ranging from 0.13 Pa to 40,000 Pa (from
10.sup.-3 to 300 mm Hg), particularly ranging from 1.3 Pa to 13,000
Pa (from 0.01 to 100 mm Hg), and more specifically ranging from 1.3
Pa to 1300 Pa (from 0.01 to 10 mm Hg).
[0171] On the other hand, a "non-volatile solvent" evaporates on
contact with keratin matter in more than one hour, at ambient
temperature and atmospheric pressure.
[0172] Preferably, the compositions of the present invention
comprise a solvent chosen from acetone, ethyl acetate, propyl
acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, and mixtures
thereof.
[0173] Preferably, the total solvent content in the inventive nail
compositions is above about 15%, preferably above about 20%, and
preferably above about 30% by weight in relation to the total
weight of the composition.
[0174] Auxiliaries/Additives
[0175] According to preferred embodiments, the compositions of the
present invention may also optionally include at least one additive
or auxiliary commonly used in cosmetic compositions and known to a
person skilled in the art as being capable of being incorporated
into said compositions. Such additives or auxiliaries may be chosen
from preservatives, fragrances, oils, waxes, surfactants,
antioxidants, agents for combating free radicals, spreading agents,
wetting agents, dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, neutralizing
agents, stabilizing agents, active principles chosen from essential
oils, UV screening agents, sunscreens, moisturizing agents,
vitamins, actives, proteins, ceramides, plant extracts, fibers, and
the like, wetting agents and their mixtures.
[0176] A person skilled in the art will take care to select the
optional additional additives and/or the amount thereof such that
the advantageous properties of the composition according to the
invention are not, or are not substantially, adversely affected by
the envisaged addition.
[0177] These substances may be selected variously by the person
skilled in the art in order to prepare a composition which has the
desired properties, for example, consistency or texture. These
additives may be present in the color coat or top coat composition
in a proportion from about 0% to about 10%, such as from about
0.01% to about 7% relative to the total weight of the composition
and further such as from about 0.1% to about 5%, including all
ranges and subranges therebetween.
[0178] Needless to say, the composition of the invention should be
cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable, i.e., it should
contain a non-toxic physiologically acceptable. The composition may
be in any galenic form normally employed in the cosmetic and
dermatological fields which is suitable for topical administration
onto nails.
[0179] According to preferred embodiments of the present invention,
methods for making up and/or protecting nails comprising applying
to the nails at least one nail composition of the present invention
in an amount sufficient to makeup or protect the nails are
provided.
[0180] According to preferred embodiments of the present invention,
methods for making a nail composition comprising combining at least
one adhesive agent; at least one primary film former; and at least
one plasticizer in a nail composition are provided.
[0181] The following Examples are intended to be non-restrictive
and explanatory only, with the scope of the invention being defined
by the claims.
Example 1--Method of Preparation of Inventive Compositions
[0182] Color coat: All ingredients with the exception of colorants,
dimethicone and silicone acrylate were combined together and mixed
with a high-speed cutting blade for 30 minutes. Then the remaining
ingredients were added. The final composition was mixed by 1400
classic shaker from Red Devil Equipment Corporation for 30 minutes
or with a cutting-blade. The composition was left for at least 24
hours at room temperature (18-25.degree. C.).
[0183] Top Coat: All ingredients were combined together and mixed
for 30 minutes by 1400 classic shaker from Red Devil Equipment
Corporation for 30 minutes or with a cutting-blade.
Example 2--Exemplary Invention Color Coat Compositions
[0184] Inventive color coat compositions are set forth below.
TABLE-US-00001 Inventive Inventive color coat color coat Function
INCI name 1 (% wt) * 2 (% wt) * wetting DIMETHICONE 0.1 0.1 agent
sun filter BENZOPHENONE-1 0.04 0.04 solvent ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 0.35
0.35 solvent ETHYL ACETATE 19.69 19.59 ETHYL ACETATE 16.91 16.82
adhesive NITROCELLULOSE 8.89 8.84 agent ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 3.81 3.79
thickener STEARALKONIUM HECTORITE 0.99 0.98 adhesive NITROCELLULOSE
1.51 1.51 agent ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 0.65 0.65 pigment BARIUM SULFATE
0.24 0.24 RED 7 LAKE 0.18 0.18 ROSIN 0.03 0.03 pigment BARIUM
SULFATE 0.38 0.38 RED 6 LAKE 0.35 0.35 ROSIN 0.05 0.05 pigment
TITANIUM DIOXIDE 0.36 0.36 OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE 0.01 0.01 sun
filter OCTOCRYLENE 0.42 0.42 plasticizer ETHYL TOSYLAMIDE 6.28 6.94
solvent PROPYL ACETATE 0.75 0.75 co-film ADIPIC ACID/NEOPENTYL 0.3
0.3 former GLYCOL/TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER solvent BUTYL
ACETATE 0.13 0.13 co-film TOSYLAMIDE/EPOXY RESIN 0.48 0.48 former
solvent BUTYL ACETATE 0.16 0.16 plasticizer TRIBUTYL CITRATE 0.63
0.63 co-film BUTYL ACETATE 0.12 0.12 former ACRYLATES COPOLYMER
0.12 0.12 co-film HYDROGENATED 0.24 0.24 former ACETOPHENONE/
OXYMETHYLENE COPOLYMER solvent BUTYL ACETATE 23.51 23.39 active
CITRIC ACID 0.04 0.04 primary STYRENE/ACRYLATES 3.05 2.34 film
COPOLYMER.sup.1 former secondary TOSYLAMIDE EPOXY RESIN .sup.2 6.46
6.42 film BUTYL ACETATE 2.27 2.26 former silicone BUTYL ACETATE
0.25 0.5 acrylate ACRYLATES/DIMETHICONE 0.25 0.5 copolymer
COPOLYMER (% wt) * Overall weight of individual components present
in the composition. .sup.1Styrene/acrylates copolymer (Isocryl
C-70) from Estron Chemical .sup.2 Tosylamide epoxy resin (Polytex
NX-3214) from Estron Chemical
Example 3--Exemplary Invention Top Coat Compositions
[0185] Inventive top coat compositions are set forth below.
TABLE-US-00002 Inventive Inventive top coat top coat Function INCI
name 1 (% wt) * 2 (% wt) * colorant VIOLET 2 0.00 0.00 solvent
ETHYL ACETATE 17.57 22.24 solvent ETHYL ACETATE 17.27 12.61
adhesive NITROCELLULOSE 8.06 5.88 agent ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 3.45 2.52
adhesive NITROCELLULOSE 2.89 3.72 agent solvent ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
1.24 1.59 adhesive CELLULOSE ACETATE 3.36 3.50 agent BUTYRATE
plasticizer ETHYL TOSYLAMIDE 6.74 8.00 co-film PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE/
0.64 0.70 former GLYCERIN/GLYCIDYL DECANOATE COPOLYMER ETHYL
ACETATE 0.27 0.30 solvent BUTYL ACETATE 36.70 36.94 primary
STYRENE/ACRYLATES 0.91 1.00 film COPOLYMER.sup.1 former silicone
ACRYLATES/DIMETHICONE 0.46 0.50 acrylate COPOLYMER copolymer BUTYL
ACETATE 0.46 0.50 (% wt) * Overall weight of individual components
present in the composition. .sup.1Styrene/acrylates copolymer
(Isocryl C-70) from Estron Chemical
Example 4--Comparative Compositions
[0186] As discussed below, inventive compositions were compared for
various properties against the following comparator
formulations:
[0187] Comparator A
[0188] Color coat: butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitrocellulose,
acetyl tributyl citrate, isopropyl alcohol, adipic acid/neopentyl
glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer, glycidoxypropyl
polysilsesquioxane, stearalkonium bentonite, n-butyl alcohol,
styrene/acrylates copolymer, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate,
colophonium (rosin) (colophane), silica, benzophenone-1,
pigment.
[0189] Top coat: ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, cellulose acetate
butyrate, isopropyl alcohol, acetyl butyl citrate, glycidoxypropyl
popysilsesquioxane, bis-hemapoly(1,4-butanediol)-22?IPDI copolymer,
acrylates copolymer, adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimellitic
anhydride copolymer, trimethylpentanediyl dibenzoate, acetone,
bis-trimethylbenzoyl phenylphosphine oxide, benzophenone-3,
pigment.
[0190] Comparator B
[0191] Color Coat: butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitrocellulose,
acetyl tributyl citrate, isopropyl alcohol, tosylamide/epoxy resin,
stearalkonium bentonite, triphenyl phosphate, glycidyl
neodecanoate/phthalic anhydride/tmp crosspolymer, aqua/water/eau,
adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer,
calcium aluminum borosilicate, calcium sodium borosilicate,
synthetic fluorphlogopite, isosorbide dicaprylate/caprate, silica,
diacetone alcohol, etocrylene, kaolin, hydroxyethyl
acrylate/ipdi/ppg-15 glyceryl ether copolymer,
acrylates/dimethicone copolymer, Corallina officinalis extract,
tocopheryl acetate, phosphoric acid, trimethylsiloxysilicate,
dimethicone, cetyl peg/ppg-10/1 dimethicone, styrene/acrylates
copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, carthamus tinctorius (safflower) seed
oil, butylene glycol, macrocystis pyrifera (kelp) extract,
hydrolyzed conchiolin protein, methylparaben, propylparaben,
colorants.
[0192] Topcoat: ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol,
cellulose acetate butyrate, mek, adipic acid/neopentyl
glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer, acetyl tributyl citrate,
sucrose benzoate, n-butyl alcohol, ethyl trimethylbenzoyl
phenylphosphinate, etocrylene, hydroxyethyl acrylate/ipdi/ppg-15
glyceryl ether copolymer, water, diamond powder, alumina,
methyltriethoxysilane, platinum powder, silica, colorants.
[0193] Comparator C
[0194] Color Coat: ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate,
nitrocellulose, tosylamide epoxy resin, isopropyl alcohol, acetyl
tributyl citrate, ethyl tosylamide, acrylates copolymer,
stearalkonium hectorite, tributyl citrate, octocrylene, titanium
dioxide, adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride
copolymer, hydrogenated acetophenone/oxymethylene copolymer, rosin,
oxidized polyethylene, dimethicone, citric acid, benzophenone-1,
colorants.
[0195] Topcoat: butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitrocellulose, ethyl
tosylamide, isopropyl alcohol, cellulose acetate butyrate,
acrylates copolymer, acetyl tributyl citrate, adipic acid/neopentyl
glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer, violet 2.
Example 5--Evaluation of Inventive Compositions: Methods
[0196] Sample Preparation for In Vitro Testing:
[0197] In order to prepare samples of the inventive compositions
and comparators compositions for in vitro tests, 6 mil of a tested
product was applied on a substrate specific for a test by using a
drawdown bar with a microprocessor controlled film applicator
(Coatmaster 509 MC from Erichsen) at a speed of 25 mm/s. The
samples were dried for 24 hours at room temperature.
[0198] In vitro shine (gloss) evaluation: A thin layer of a tested
composition was applied on a drawdown chart (Byko-opacity chart 5C,
7.6.times.10.25 inch) according to the method described above.
Gloss of the coating was measured at 20.degree. by using the
Micro-TRI-Gloss meter, available from BYK-Gardner and expressed by
gloss units (GU).
[0199] In vitro hardness evaluation: A thin layer of a tested
composition was applied on a glass plate (customer-made, 4.times.6
inch) by using the same method as described above. The hardness of
the coatings was measured by Pendulum Hardness Tester (Persoz
pendulum) equipped with a temperature and humidity control chamber
(30.+-.2.degree. C., 70.+-.2% RH) according to ASTM method
D4366-95. In order to determine the hardness, number of
oscillations of the pendulum during 1 minute was counted. Low
number of oscillations (0-50 oscillations per minute) characterized
soft material, while high number (>50 oscillations per minute)
was typical for hard materials.
[0200] In vitro adhesion evaluation: A layer of the tested
compositions were applied on Vitro-nails substrate from IMS test
group according to the method described above. Adhesion properties
were quantified by in-vitro method Reference #ISO/DIN 2409, ASTM
D3359. The adhesion properties were visually evaluated according to
the scale below:
TABLE-US-00003 Classification Percent area removed 5 0%-None 4 Less
than 5% 3 5-15% 2 15-35% 1 35-65% 0 Greater than 65%
[0201] In vitro soapy water evaluation: The tested compositions
were applied on plastic nail spoons from Daret Inc. Each nail spoon
was treated with two coats of the tested composition, each coat was
applied by a nail brush (the second coat was applied two minutes
after the first coat) and then dried at room temperature for 24
hours. Then the spoons were immersed in a soapy water batch (1.4 g
of Redken superbrew shampoo and 1 g of hand soap in 225 mL water)
at 45.degree. C. for 20 minutes and dried out with a cotton tissue.
The dry samples were visually inspected for shine and color change,
then abraded with a metal object (quarter) and again visually
inspected for shine loss and/or color change on the surface. The
scuffing was performed also for samples which were not exposed to
the soapy water. All, samples were graded according to the
following scale: "poor"--significant shine and color loss in
comparison to the control sample (unscratched sample),
"fair"--slight shine and color loss and "good"--almost no change in
shine and color loss.
[0202] In vitro Young's modulus evaluation: A layer of tested
product was applied according to the procedure already described on
polypropylene (PP) substrate. The samples dried at room temperature
(20-25.degree. C.) for 4 to 7 days. Then, the film was removed from
the substrate and cut by DMA film cutter from TA instrument (5.3 mm
cutter, PN 984485.901 and Young's modulus was measured by using a
Dynamic Mechanic Analyzer (Q800 from TA instruments) at 30.degree.
C. The hardness was expressed by Modulus values (MPa). Low number
of MPa (0-100) characterized soft materials, while higher number
(100-400) was typical for hard materials and very high number of
MPa (>400) was specific for a very hard materials.
[0203] In vitro abrasion resistance: The abrasion resistance was
tested on a BYK-Gardner.TM. `Scrub` Abrasion Tester Model AG-8100.
Each of the tested compositions was applied on a black Byko Charts
scrub test panel by depositing the product as described above. The
samples dried at room temperature (20-25.degree. C.) for five days.
Then the samples were scrubbed by a nylon brush (from BYK) with one
kg load for 2.times.300 cycles with 30 cycles per minute. After the
first 300 cycles, the brush was turned off. The gloss was measured
before and after scrubbing using Micro-TRI-Gloss meter, available
from BYK-Gardner, Columbia, Md. The reading at 60.degree. degree
was used for comparison. Following an arbitrary reading, it was
determined that if the gloss damage was less than 10%, the abrasion
resistance was defined as high, 10-20% as medium, and more than 20%
as low.
Example 6--Evaluation of Inventive Compositions: Results
TABLE-US-00004 [0204] TABLE 3 Comparative studies of Inventive
Compositions vs. Comparators A, B and C are set forth below:
Comparison of color coat compositions*: Persoz Young's Shine
pendulum Water Adhesion to Modulus at 20.degree. Hardness
resistance Vitro Nails (MPa) Comparator A 50.3 Low (49) Fair Good
Low (39) Comparator B 51.5 High (75) Fair Good High (148)
Comparator C 67 Low (39) Good Good Low (34) Inventive 1 70.9 Low
(32) Good Good Low (44) Inventive 2 68.9 Low (30) Good Good Very
Low (33) *Experiments for particular samples were conducted on the
same day, however, the specific parameters were tested on different
days. Shine and hardness were measured at different days under
defined experimental conditions.
[0205] As per the results shown above, the inventive compositions
had superior gloss comparing to tested comparators. The adhesion
measurements of inventive 1 and 2 were at parity with the
comparative compostions, while water resistance was better for
inventive compositions than for comparator A and B and was at
parity with comparator C. The measurements of hardness and Young's
modulus for the inventive compostions were at parity with
comparator A and C and lower than comparator B which indicates good
wear of inventive compostions 1 and 2.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 Comparison of top coat compositions*: Shine
Persoza Young's at Pendulum Water Modulus Abrasion 20.degree.
Hardness resistance (MPa) resistance Comparator A 69.1 185 Good 874
Medium Comparator B 60.6 211 Good 1601 Medium Comparator C 76.4 90
Good 438 Medium Inventive 3 80.2 n/a Good 1161 High Inventive 4
81.4 n/a Good 482 High *Experiments for particular samples were
conducted on the same day, however, the specific parameters were
tested on different days. Shine and Young's modulus were measured
at different days under defined experimental conditions. The
presented data were collected on different days.
[0206] The preceding table lists the in vitro performance
comparison of the inventive top coats compositions and comparators.
As per the results, the inventive compositions had higher gloss
values than the comparative compostions. The water resistance of
the inventive compostions was at parity with the comparators and
the abrasion resistance was higher. In addition, Young's modulus
measurements were the highest for comparator B, followed by
inventive composition 3, comparator A, inventive composition 4 and
comparator C. Those results show that the inventive compostion 3
was harder than inventive composition 4 and comparators A and C but
less hard than comparator C. These parameters indicate good
resistance to damage of inventive compostions.
Example 7--Plasticizers and Film Former Selection
[0207] In order to select the most suitable plasticizer for
inventive compositions, various plasticizers were evaluated for
shine according to the described method. The different plasticizers
were incorporated into a base composition (Base) containing
nitrocellulose (28%), isopropyl alcohol (12%) and butyl acetate
(60%).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Selection of plasticizers* Exp Exp Exp Exp
Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* 7* 8* 9* Base Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (42.86% in all exp. ) Ethyl 2% 5% 8% -- -- --
-- -- -- tosylamide sucrose -- -- -- 2.22% 5.56% 8.90% -- -- --
acetate isobutyrate acetyl -- -- -- -- -- -- 2% 5% 8% tributyl
citrate Butyl 55.14% 52.14% 49.14% 54.92% 51.58% 48.25% 55.14%
52.14% 49.14% acetate (QS in all exp) Shine @ 73.9 77.7 81.4 67
65.5 70.1 69.1 69.9 70.4 20.degree. *Experiments for presented
examples were conducted on different days.
[0208] Based on the results provided above, ethyl tosylamide had
the highest value of shine. It was followed by sucrose acetate
isobutyrate and acetyl tributyl citrate.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 Selection of primary film formers* Exp Exp
Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Base (as Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes described above) ethyl tosylamide 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
5.00% 5.00% butyl acetate -- 6.67% -- -- -- -- -- (and) acrylates
copolymer adipic acid/ -- -- 4.76% -- -- -- -- neopentyl glycol/
trimellitic anhydride copolymer tosylamide/ -- -- -- 4.44% -- -- --
epoxy resin styrene/acrylates -- -- -- -- 6.67% -- -- copolymer*
phthalic -- -- -- -- -- 4.76% -- anhydride/ glycerin/glycidyl
decanoate copolymer tosylamide epoxy -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.44 resin
(and) butyl acetate ** Butyl acetate 52.14 45.47 47.38 47.70 45.47
47.38 47.70 (QS) Shine @ 20.degree. 76.6 72.5 78.2 79.8 77.5 79.2
79.2 Hardness 281 294 238 243 278 274 250 Adhesion 2 0 0 1.75 2
1.75 3 Young's Modulus 1732 987 121 984 1717 1724 940 (MPa)
*Experiments for each of the presented examples were conducted on
different days. ** ISOCRYL C-70- STYRENE/ACRYLATES COPOLYMER
***POLYTEX NX-3214- TOSYLAMIDE EPOXY RESIN (74%) (and) BUTYL
ACETATE (26%)
[0209] In order to evaluate primary film formers, six different
compounds were incorporated into a base composition (Base) and were
evaluated for shine, hardness, adhesion and Young's modulus. Based
on the above presented measurements, compositions containing
tosylamide/epoxy resin were characterized to have the highest value
of shine, followed by phthalic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyl
decanoate copolymer and tosylamide epoxy resin (and) butyl acetate,
both generating the same shine.
[0210] As per results presented above, compositions containing
styrene/acrylates copolymer, phthalic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyl
decanoate copolymer and tosylamide epoxy resin (and) butyl acetate
(epoxy resin) demonstrated better adhesion property than their
counterparts. However, addition of adipic acid/neopentyl
glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer enhanced the film with more
flexibility than other film formers which illustrates that it can
be a good plasticizer.
* * * * *