U.S. patent application number 17/498779 was filed with the patent office on 2022-06-09 for binary alloy design method for marine stress corrosion-resistant high-strength low-alloy (hsla) stress corrosion-resistant steel.
This patent application is currently assigned to University of Science and Technology Beijing. The applicant listed for this patent is University of Science and Technology Beijing. Invention is credited to Xiaogang LI, Zhiyong LIU, Wei WU.
Application Number | 20220178007 17/498779 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005968762 |
Filed Date | 2022-06-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220178007 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LIU; Zhiyong ; et
al. |
June 9, 2022 |
BINARY ALLOY DESIGN METHOD FOR MARINE STRESS CORROSION-RESISTANT
HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY (HSLA) STRESS CORROSION-RESISTANT STEEL
Abstract
A binary alloy design method for a marine high-strength
low-alloy (HSLA) stress corrosion-resistant steel is provided. The
binary alloy design method permits synergistic inhibition of anodic
dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement by binary alloying to
prepare the marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel, the
marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel has an increase of
more than 50% in stress corrosion resistance in a simulated
SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment. Microalloying of
one element is carried out to improve properties of a rust layer on
a surface of a HSLA steel in a marine environment and reduce a
electrochemical activity in a local microenvironment to inhibit the
anodic dissolution. Microalloying of another element is carried out
to reduce a cathodic hydrogen evolution, to increase a hydrogen
trap density and to decrease a multiplicative hydrogen diffusion
channel density as well as enhance a hydrogen resistance of a
structure to inhibit the hydrogen embrittlement.
Inventors: |
LIU; Zhiyong; (Beijing,
CN) ; LI; Xiaogang; (Beijing, CN) ; WU;
Wei; (Beijing, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
University of Science and Technology Beijing |
Beijing |
|
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
University of Science and
Technology Beijing
Beijing
CN
|
Family ID: |
1000005968762 |
Appl. No.: |
17/498779 |
Filed: |
October 12, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C21D 8/005 20130101;
C22C 38/002 20130101; C22C 38/42 20130101; C22C 38/48 20130101;
C22C 38/50 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C22C 38/50 20060101
C22C038/50; C22C 38/42 20060101 C22C038/42; C22C 38/48 20060101
C22C038/48; C22C 38/00 20060101 C22C038/00; C21D 8/00 20060101
C21D008/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 8, 2020 |
CN |
202011424195.4 |
Claims
1. A binary alloy design method for a marine high-strength
low-alloy (HSLA) stress corrosion-resistant steel, wherein a
synergistic inhibition of an anodic dissolution and a hydrogen
embrittlement is achieved by a binary alloying to prepare a 690 MPa
marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel, wherein the 690 MPa
marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel has an increase of
more than 50% in a stress corrosion resistance in a simulated
SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment.
2. The binary alloy design method according to claim 1, wherein a
first one of two alloying elements used in the binary alloying is
one or more alloying elements for an alleviating enrichment of
Cl.sup.- in a rust layer and thus an induced acidification in a
marine environment while reducing an electrochemical activity of a
matrix in an acidic Cl.sup.--containing environment, while a second
one of the two alloying elements is one or more alloying elements
for inhibiting a cathodic hydrogen evolution in the marine
environment, forming irreversible hydrogen traps and improving a
microstructure.
3. The binary alloy design method according to claim 2, wherein the
cathodic hydrogen evolution in the marine environment is inhibited
by reducing an electric current density for an hydrogen evolution;
the irreversible hydrogen traps are formed by increasing a hydrogen
trap density in the marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel;
and the microstructure is improved by enhancing a hydrogen
resistance at special interfaces.
4. The binary alloy design method according to claim 1, wherein an
alloying element for inhibiting the anodic dissolution is selected
from the group consisting of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Zr, Ca,
Mg, and dispersive oxides of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Zr, Ca,
and Mg, and the alloying element for inhibiting the anodic
dissolution is abbreviated as anti-corrosion element for short; and
an alloying element for inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement is
selected from the group consisting of Nb, V, Ti, Zr, Re, Mo and W,
and the alloying element for inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement
is abbreviated as anti-damage element for short.
5. The binary alloy design method according to claim 1, wherein the
marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel is composed of
following chemical elements in a mass percentage: C: 0.04%-0.08%,
Si: 0.2%-0.3%, Mn: 1.45%-1.65%, P.ltoreq.0.015%, S.ltoreq.0.005%,
Cr: 0.4%-0.5%, Cu: 0.25%-0.35%, Ni: 0.75%-0.85%, Ti: 0.005%-0.015%,
Nb: 0.03%-0.06%, Sb: 0.05%-0.1%, and a balance of Fe.
6. The binary alloy design method according to claim 1, wherein the
marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel is prepared
specifically by the following steps: smelting and casting chemical
components into a billet steel, heating the billet steel to an
austenitizing temperature ranging from 1180 to 1220.degree. C.,
holding the austenitizing temperature for 1.5-2.5 hours to
homogenize the billet steel for a hot rolling; controlling an
initial rolling temperature within a range of 980-1020.degree. C.,
carrying out a multi-pass rolling until a target steel plate
thickness is obtained, and controlling a finishing rolling
temperature within a range of 860-900.degree. C.; after rolling,
cooling in a laminar water flow zone at a cooling rate controlled
within a range of 25-30.degree. C./s to ensure the billet steel is
at a temperature ranging from 420 to 440.degree. C. when taken out
of water; and air-cooling to a room temperature to obtain a
finished marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel.
7. The binary alloy design method according to claim 6, wherein a
slow strain rate tensile test is conducted on the finished marine
HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel under following conditions:
an SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment simulated by
using 3.5 wt % NaCl+0.05 M NaHSO.sub.3 with 100% humidity; an
experimental temperature of the room temperature; and a slow strain
tension rate of 0.5*10.sup.-6 to 1.5*10.sup.-6 S.sup.-1.
8. The binary alloy design method according to claim 6, wherein a
loss of an elongation percentage and a loss of a section shrinkage
percentage of the finished marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant
steel are calculated to evaluate a stress corrosion sensitivity of
the finished marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel in the
simulated SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment.
9. The binary alloy design method according to claim 8, wherein the
loss of the elongation percentage of the finished marine HSLA
stress corrosion-resistant steel is 11.05%-15.21%, while the loss
of the section shrinkage percentage of the finished marine HSLA
stress corrosion-resistant steel is 12.1%-14.33%, with a maximum
decrease of approximate 60% in the stress corrosion sensitivity
compared with a traditional HSLA stress corrosion-resistant
steel.
10. The binary alloy design method according to claim 2, wherein an
alloying element for inhibiting the anodic dissolution is selected
from the group consisting of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Ca, Mg,
and dispersive oxides of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Zr, Ca, and
Mg, and the alloying element for inhibiting the anodic dissolution
is abbreviated as anti-corrosion element for short; and an alloying
element for inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement is selected from
the group consisting of Nb, V, Ti, Zr, Re, Mo and W, and the
alloying element for inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement is
abbreviated as anti-damage element for short.
11. The binary alloy design method according to claim 3, wherein an
alloying element for inhibiting the anodic dissolution is selected
from the group consisting of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Zr, Ca,
Mg, and dispersive oxides of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Zr, Ca,
and Mg, and the alloying element for inhibiting the anodic
dissolution is abbreviated as anti-corrosion element for short; and
an alloying element for inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement is
selected from the group consisting of Nb, V, Ti, Zr, Re, Mo and W,
and the alloying element for inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement
is abbreviated as anti-damage element for short.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is based upon and claims priority to
Chinese Patent Application No. 202011424195.4, filed on Dec. 8,
2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure belongs to the field of alloy
composition design of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels, and in
particular, relates to a binary alloy design method for a marine
HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel.
BACKGROUND
[0003] At present, with continuous marine resource development, the
service conditions for marine engineering equipment are getting
worse and worse. Engineering low-alloy steels are faced with
severer stress corrosion which even leads to serious industrial
accidents. For example, on Nov. 22, 2013, an explosion occurred in
the Huangdao district of Qingdao (a coastal city in China) at the
intersection of an urban oil pipeline and a discharge culvert due
to corrosion-induced thinning and breakage of the pipeline. The
accident caused heavy casualties and huge economic losses.
Therefore, stress corrosion has posed a serious threat to the
service safety of HSLA steels. However, almost none of the existing
protective measures have afforded a special consideration for
stress corrosion. Actually, only the toughness and basic corrosion
resistance of high-performance HSLA steels are emphasized, while
the stress corrosion resistance thereof is neglected.
[0004] It is necessary to get a clear understanding of the
mechanisms of stress corrosion first during the research and
development of HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steels. Existing
studies have shown that the general mechanisms of stress corrosion
cracking in the marine environment are anodic dissolution and
hydrogen embrittlement, which typically exhibit the characteristics
of the composite mechanism of anodic dissolution and hydrogen
embrittlement.
[0005] The mechanism of anodic dissolution is related to a local
microenvironment. In the marine environment, the enrichment of
Cl.sup.- at the bottom of a rust layer leads to acidification of
the environment and accelerates the process of local corrosion. In
an acidic Cl.sup.--enriched local microenvironment, spot corrosion
pits are initiated and developed rapidly under strong
self-catalytic action, providing effective nucleation sites for the
initiation and propagation of microcracks and resulting in anodic
dissolution induced stress corrosion cracking.
[0006] The mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement is related to the
diffusion, distribution and concentration of hydrogen atoms in a
steel. During a hydrogen evolution reaction of an electrochemical
cathode, hydrogen atoms can diffuse into the steel matrix and
gather in various defects and stress distortion regions. Once a
local hydrogen atom concentration reaches a critical hydrogen
concentration, it will lead to the initiation and propagation of
cracks and hence hydrogen embrittlement induced stress corrosion
cracking.
[0007] Therefore, the stress corrosion cracking in the marine
environment is usually caused by the two synergistic mechanisms as
described above. It is desirable to prevent the synergistic effect
of the two mechanisms by using technical means so as to avoid the
stress corrosion cracking in the marine environment.
[0008] In view of this, the stress corrosion resistance of a HSLA
steel is improved creatively by alloying against anodic dissolution
and hydrogen embrittlement in the present disclosure. In other
words, alloying is conducted to render the two corresponding
mechanisms inoperative simultaneously with no adverse effect on the
toughness and corrosion resistance of the marine HSLA steel.
[0009] Specifically, the following two aspects are involved.
[0010] In one aspect, by alloying, the destructive action of a
corrosive element in a rust layer is weakened, accompanied with
reduction of local acidification degree, inhibition of the mass
transfer or electrochemical process of a corrosive medium, and
alleviation of anodic dissolution at the bottom of the rust
layer.
[0011] In the other aspect, by alloying, hydrogen evolution is
inhibited, while a hydrogen trap density in steel is increased or a
multiplicative hydrogen diffusion channel density is decreased,
thus allowing for reduction of the total amount of diffusible
hydrogen in steel, uniform distribution of hydrogen in steel,
reduction of local accumulation of hydrogen, and cooperative
inhibition of hydrogen embrittlement.
[0012] Such a binary alloy design method can permit synergistic
inhibition of the mechanisms of anodic dissolution and hydrogen
embrittlement of HSLA steels in the marine environment, significant
improvement of the stress corrosion resistance of HSLA steels, and
reduction of the stress corrosion risk. However, the new method of
backward design has not yet been proposed.
[0013] Based on the mechanisms of stress corrosion, the present
disclosure provides a binary microalloy design method against the
mechanisms of anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement. The
method can improve the stress corrosion resistance of a HSLA steel
in the marine environment by alloying of a plurality of
elements.
SUMMARY
[0014] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a
binary alloy design method for a marine HSLA stress
corrosion-resistant steel. A HSLA steel designed by this method can
have a significant decrease in stress corrosion sensitivity in the
marine environment compared with control groups.
[0015] The present disclosure provides a binary alloy design method
for a marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel, where
synergistic inhibition of anodic dissolution and hydrogen
embrittlement is achieved by binary alloying to prepare 690 MPa
marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel, so that the 690 MPa
marine HSLA steel has an increase of more than 50% in stress
corrosion resistance in a simulated SO.sub.2 polluted marine
atmospheric environment.
[0016] Preferably, one of two alloying elements used in the binary
alloying is one or more alloying elements that are capable of
improving enrichment of Cl.sup.- in a rust layer and thus induced
acidification in the marine environment while reducing the
electrochemical activity of a matrix in an acidic
Cl.sup.--containing environment, while the other one is one or more
alloying elements that are capable of inhibiting cathodic hydrogen
evolution in the marine environment, forming irreversible hydrogen
traps and improving a microstructure.
[0017] Preferably, the inhibiting cathodic hydrogen evolution in
the marine environment may be achieved by reducing an electric
current density for hydrogen evolution; the forming irreversible
hydrogen traps may be achieved by increasing a hydrogen trap
density in the steel; and the improving a microstructure may be
achieved by enhancing hydrogen resistance at special
interfaces.
[0018] Preferably, the alloying element for inhibiting the anodic
dissolution (anti-corrosion element for short) is selected from the
group consisting of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Zr, Ca, Mg, and
dispersive oxides thereof, and the alloying element for inhibiting
the hydrogen embrittlement is (anti-damage element for short) is
selected from the group consisting of Nb, V, Ti, Zr, Re, Mo and
W.
[0019] Preferably, the marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel
may be composed of the following chemical elements in mass
percentage: C: 0.04%-0.08%, Si: 0.2%-0.3%, Mn: 1.45%-1.65%,
P.ltoreq.0.015%, S.ltoreq.0.005%, Cr: 0.4%-0.5%, Cu: 0.25%-0.35%,
Ni: 0.75%-0.85%, Ti: 0.005%-0.015%, Nb: 0.03%-0.06%, Sb:
0.05%-0.1%, and the balance of Fe.
[0020] Preferably, the HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel may be
prepared specifically by the following process:
[0021] smelting and casting chemical components into billet steel,
heating the billet steel to an austenitizing temperature ranging
from 1180 to 1220.degree. C., holding the temperature for 1.5-2.5
hours to homogenize the billet steel for hot rolling; controlling
an initial rolling temperature within a range of 980-1020.degree.
C., carrying out multi-pass rolling until a target steel plate
thickness is obtained, and controlling a finishing rolling
temperature within a range of 860900.degree. C.; after rolling,
cooling in a laminar water flow zone at a cooling rate controlled
within a range of 25-30.degree. C./s, thereby ensuring that the
billet steel is at a temperature ranging from 420 to 440.degree. C.
when taken out of water; and finally, air-cooling to room
temperature, thus obtaining the finished marine HSLA stress
corrosion-resistant steel.
[0022] Preferably, a slow strain rate tensile test may be conducted
on the finished marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel under
the following conditions: SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric
environment simulated by using 3.5 wt % NaCl+0.05 M NaHSO.sub.3
with 100% humidity; experimental temperature: room temperature; and
a slow strain tension rate: 0.5*10.sup.-6 to 1.5*10.sup.-6
S.sup.-1.
[0023] Preferably, the loss of elongation percentage and the loss
of section shrinkage percentage of the HSLA steel may be calculated
to evaluate the stress corrosion sensitivity of the finished marine
HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel in the simulated SO.sub.2
polluted marine atmospheric environment.
[0024] Preferably, the loss of elongation percentage of the HSLA
steel may be 11.05%-15.21%, while the loss of section shrinkage
percentage may be 12.1%-14.33%, with a maximum decrease of
approximate 60% in the stress corrosion sensitivity compared with a
traditional HSLA steel.
[0025] The binary alloy design method of the present disclosure is
achieved by the following technical solutions:
[0026] Alloying element design against the mechanism of anodic
dissolution: the anodic dissolution is one of the major mechanisms
during the stress corrosion cracking of a HSLA steel in the marine
environment, which is related to a corrosive microenvironment and
the electrochemical activity of a matrix. The enrichment of
Cl.sup.- at the bottom of a rust layer in the marine environment
can induce spot corrosion. Acidification at the bottom in spot
corrosion pits accelerates dissolution and microcracks are
initiated under the action of stress, thus resulting in anodic
dissolution induced stress corrosion cracking. Therefore, an
alloying element against the mechanism of anodic solution is
required to be effective in: first, alleviating enrichment of
Cl.sup.- in a rust layer and thus induced acidification in the
marine environment; and second, reducing the electrochemical
activity of a matrix in an acidic Cl.sup.--containing environment.
Investigations with respect to the effects in the two aspects
revealed that the alloying of trace amount of element Sb could
alleviate the enrichment of Cl.sup.- in the rust layer, weaken
local acidification and reduce the electrochemical activity of a
low-alloy steel in the acidic Cl.sup.--containing environment, with
a potential effect of inhibiting the mechanism of anodic
solution.
[0027] The microalloying element Sb can improve the corrosion
resistance of a low-alloy steel in the acidic Cl.sup.--containing
environment, specifically by facilitating the redeposition of
element Cu and oxides thereof in the acidic Cl.sup.--containing
environment by synergistic action with Cu in steel, thereby
enhancing the microalloying effect of Cu. Moreover, Sb can form
Sb2O3 and Sb2O5 that are hardly soluble in acidic environment and
may gather on the inner side of the rust layer to improve the
properties of the rust layer. Under this action, Sb is microalloyed
and thus enabled to reduce the electrochemical activity and
alleviate the enrichment of Cl.sup.- and acidification in the rust
layer, thus achieving the effect of inhibiting the anodic
dissolution. In the present disclosure, the inhibiting effect of Sb
present in a particular amount on the anodic dissolution has been
demonstrated by conducting tests on high-strength steels different
in content of Sb in simulated marine atmospheric environment with
respect to stress corrosion sensitivity. When the content of Sb was
0.05%, the inhibiting effect of Sb microalloying was not obvious;
and when the content of Sb was 0.1%, the inhibiting effect of Sb
microalloying was significant.
[0028] Alloying element design against the mechanism of hydrogen
embrittlement: the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement is related
to the concentration, diffusion and distribution of hydrogen atoms
in steel. Cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction is the main way for
hydrogen to enter a steel matrix in the marine environment. A
higher electric current density for hydrogen evolution and longer
hydrogen evolution reaction time will result in a higher
concentration of hydrogen atoms in steel. Hydrogen traps in steel
determine the diffusion and distribution of hydrogen atoms, and a
higher density and more uniform distribution of hydrogen traps
reflect a higher trapping ability of the hydrogen traps, and hence
a smaller concentration of diffusible hydrogen in steel, a lower
diffusion ability of hydrogen and a lower degree of hydrogen
accumulation. Furthermore, the hydrogen resistance at special
interfaces in steel such as grain boundaries and phase boundaries
have direct influence on the initiation and propagation of
hydrogen-induced cracks. Therefore, an alloy element against the
mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement is required to be effective in:
first, inhibiting the cathodic hydrogen evolution in the marine
environment and reducing an electric current density electric
current; second, forming irreversible hydrogen traps and increasing
a hydrogen trap density in steel; and third, improving a
microstructure and enhancing hydrogen resistance at special
interfaces. Investigations with respect to the above multiple
effects revealed that the alloying of trace amount of element Nb
could reduce the cathodic process in an acidic Cl.sup.--containing
environment and form dispersively distributed fine precipitated
phase in steel to increase a hydrogen trap density in steel,
optimize the microstructure and enhance the hydrogen resistance of
grain boundaries and phase boundaries, with a potential effect of
inhibiting the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement.
[0029] Nb is an important microalloying element for improving
hydrogen behaviors in steel. The microalloying of Nb can reduce the
cathodic hydrogen evolution and help to reduce the total hydrogen
concentration in steel. Moreover, Nb can form a large amount of
stable, fine and dispersed nano-sized NbC precipitated phase with
element C in steel. With the NbC precipitated phase, the mechanical
properties of steel can be improved by grain refining and
precipitation strengthening. Besides, the NbC precipitated phase
can serve as high-energy hydrogen traps to trap hydrogen, thereby
reducing the concentration of diffusible hydrogen, alleviating
local hydrogen enrichment and improving the hydrogen resistance of
the structure. These effects enable Nb microalloying to achieve the
effect of inhibiting the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement. In
the present disclosure, the inhibiting effect of Nb present in a
particular amount on the hydrogen embrittlement has been
demonstrated by conducting tests on high-strength steels different
in content of Nb in simulated marine atmospheric environment with
respect to stress corrosion sensitivity. When the content of Nb was
0.03%, the inhibiting effect of Nb microalloying was not obvious;
when the content of Nb was 0.06%, the inhibiting effect of Nb
microalloying was good; and when the content of Nb was 0.09%, part
of Nb was accumulated in an inclusion, so that the content of the
precipitated phase was not significantly increased, and the
inhibiting effect of Nb microalloying was not significantly
enhanced in this case.
[0030] The above-mentioned technical solutions of the present
disclosure have the following advantages:
[0031] The two effects of inhibiting the anodic dissolution and the
hydrogen embrittlement by alloying are the core idea of the binary
alloy design in the present disclosure, and there are no specific
limitations to the number and levels of alloying elements for
achieving the effects. The effects can be achieved by an arbitrary
combination of an element (such as Sb, Sn, and Mo) for inhibiting
the anodic dissolution and an element (such as Nb, V, and Ti) for
inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement. The illustrated elements Sb
and Nb are merely representative alloying elements, which means two
or more alloying elements can be used in the present disclosure.
The elements each in a particular amount can be used for
microalloying or in low alloying design and main alloying design. A
HSLA designed by the binary alloy method as described above can be
used in the marine environment or in other environments in which
stress corrosion cracking may occur.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] The technical solutions in embodiments of the present
disclosure will be further described clearly and completely in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings therein.
[0033] FIG. 1A shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image
of precipitated phases in an example of a binary alloy design
method for a marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel of the
present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 1B shows a TEM of precipitated phases in comparative
example 1 of a binary alloy design method for a marine HSLA stress
corrosion-resistant steel of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 1C shows a TEM image of precipitated phases in
comparative example 5 of a binary alloy design method for a marine
HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel of the present
disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 2 shows a graph of electrochemical polarization curves
in an example and comparative examples 1-5 of a binary alloy design
method for a marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel of the
present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 3A shows interface morphology and element distribution
images of rust layers in an example of a marine HSLA stress
corrosion-resistant steel of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 3B shows interface morphology and element distribution
images of rust layers in comparative example 1 of a marine HSLA
stress corrosion-resistant steel of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0039] To make the technical problem to be solved, technical
solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the
present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference
to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
[0040] The technical problem to be solved in the present disclosure
is how to improve the stress corrosion resistance of a HSLA steel
in the marine atmospheric environment.
[0041] To solve the above technical problem, the present disclosure
provides a binary alloy design method for a marine HSLA stress
corrosion-resistant steel, where synergistic inhibition of anodic
dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement is achieved by binary
alloying to prepare 690 MPa marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant
steel, so that the 690 MPa marine HSLA steel has an increase of
more than 50% in stress corrosion resistance in a simulated
SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment.
[0042] In particular, one of two alloying elements used in the
binary alloying is one or more alloying elements that are capable
of alleviating enrichment of Cl.sup.- in a rust layer and thus
induced acidification in the marine environment while reducing the
electrochemical activity of a matrix in an acidic
Cl.sup.--containing environment, while the other one is one or more
alloying elements that are capable of inhibiting cathodic hydrogen
evolution in the marine environment, forming irreversible hydrogen
traps and improving a microstructure.
[0043] In particular, the inhibiting cathodic hydrogen evolution in
the marine environment is achieved by reducing an electric current
density for hydrogen evolution; the forming irreversible hydrogen
traps is achieved by increasing a hydrogen trap density in the
steel; and the improving a microstructure is achieved by enhancing
hydrogen resistance at special interfaces.
[0044] In particular, the alloying element for inhibiting the
anodic dissolution (anti-corrosion element for short) is selected
from the group consisting of P, Sb, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Re, Zr, Ca,
Mg, and dispersive oxides thereof, and the alloying element for
inhibiting the hydrogen embrittlement is (anti-damage element for
short) is selected from the group consisting of Nb, V, Ti, Zr, Re,
Mo and W.
[0045] In particular, the marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant
steel is composed of the following chemical elements in mass
percentage: C: 0.04%-0.08%, Si: 0.2%-0.3%, Mn: 1.45%-1.65%,
P.ltoreq.0.015%, S.ltoreq.0.005%, Cr: 0.4%-0.5%, Cu: 0.25%-0.35%,
Ni: 0.75%-0.85%, Ti: 0.005%-0.015%, Nb: 0.03%-0.06%, Sb:
0.05%-0.1%, and the balance of Fe.
[0046] In particular, the marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant
steel is prepared specifically by the following process:
[0047] smelt and cast chemical components into billet steel, heat
the billet steel to an austenitizing temperature ranging from 1180
to 1220.degree. C., hold the temperature for 1.5-2.5 hours to
homogenize the billet steel for hot rolling; control an initial
rolling temperature within a range of 980-1020.degree. C., carry
out multi-pass rolling until a target steel plate thickness is
obtained, and control a finishing rolling temperature within a
range of 860-900.degree. C.; after rolling, cool in a laminar water
flow zone at a cooling rate controlled within a range of
25-30.degree. C./s, thereby ensuring that the billet steel is at a
temperature ranging from 420 to 440.degree. C. when taken out of
water; and finally, air-cool to room temperature, thus obtaining
the finished marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel.
[0048] In particular, a slow strain rate tensile test is conducted
on the finished marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel under
the following conditions: SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric
environment simulated by using 3.5 wt % NaCl+0.05 M NaHSO.sub.3
with 100% humidity; experimental temperature: room temperature; and
a slow strain tension rate: 0.5*10.sup.-6 to 1.5*10.sup.-6
S.sup.-1.
[0049] In particular, the loss of elongation percentage and the
loss of section shrinkage percentage of the HSLA steel are
calculated to evaluate the stress corrosion sensitivity of the
finished marine HSLA stress corrosion-resistant steel in the
simulated SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment.
[0050] In particular, the loss of elongation percentage of the HSLA
steel is 11.05%-15.21%, while the loss of section shrinkage
percentage is 12.1%-14.33%, with a maximum decrease of approximate
60% in the stress corrosion sensitivity compared with a traditional
HSLA steel.
[0051] The binary alloy design method for a marine HSLA stress
corrosion-resistant steel is now specifically described with
reference to the following examples and the accompanying
drawings.
[0052] 1. Table 1 shows chemical components in weight percentage in
an example and comparative examples of HSLA steels obtained by the
binary alloy design method of the present disclosure.
[0053] 2. The above chemical components were smelted in a 25 kg
vacuum induction furnace to obtain billet steel.
[0054] 3. A steel plate was obtained by a controlled rolling and
cooling process. Specifically, the billet steel was heated to an
austenitizing temperature of 1200.degree. C., and the temperature
was kept for 2 hours to homogenize the billet steel. The billet
steel was then cooled in the furnace to an initial rolling
temperature of 1000.degree. C. and subjected to 15 passes of
reciprocating rolling into a 12 mm steel plate, with a finishing
rolling temperature controlled within a range of 860-900.degree. C.
After rolling, the steel plate was cooled in a laminar water flow
zone at a cooling rate controlled within a range of 25-30.degree.
C./s, ensuring that the billet steel was at a temperature ranging
from 420 to 440.degree. C. when taken out of water. Subsequently,
the steel plate was air-cooled to room temperature.
[0055] 4. Slow strain rate tensile tests were conducted on example
1 and comparative examples 1-5 under the following conditions:
SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment simulated by using
3.5 wt % NaCl+0.05 M NaHSO.sub.3 with 100% humidity; experimental
temperature: room temperature; and a slow strain tension rate:
1*10.sup.-6 S.sup.-1.
[0056] 5. The loss of elongation percentage and the loss of section
shrinkage percentage of the HSLA steel were calculated to evaluate
the stress corrosion sensitivity of the finished marine HSLA stress
corrosion-resistant steel in the simulated SO.sub.2 polluted marine
atmospheric environment.
[0057] Table 2 shows the comparison of stress corrosion sensitivity
between example 1 and comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the
simulated SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment. As can
be seen from the table, the stress corrosion sensitivity of the
steel constantly decreased with the addition of elements Nb and Sb.
When 0.06% of Nb and 0.10% of Sb were added simultaneously, the
HSLA steel had significantly reduced stress corrosion sensitivity
in the simulated SO.sub.2 polluted marine atmospheric environment
as compared with comparative example 1, with a maximum decrease of
approximate 60%.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Chemical Components (mass %) of Alloys of
Example and Comparative Examples in the Present Disclosure
Component C Si Mn P S Cr Cu Ni Ti Nb Sb Example 0.053 0.23 1.52
0.009 0.002 0.47 0.32 0.80 0.008 0.06 0.10 Comparative 0.059 0.24
1.55 0.009 0.002 0.47 0.31 0.81 0.012 / / Example 1 Comparative
0.055 0.21 1.47 0.009 0.003 0.45 0.32 0.80 0.008 0.03 / Example 2
Comparative 0.060 0.25 1.58 0.008 0.002 0.49 0.31 0.78 0.010 0.06 /
Example 3 Comparative 0.044 0.24 1.54 0.011 0.002 0.45 0.32 0.83
0.015 / 0.05 Example 4 Comparative 0.060 0.24 1.55 0.009 0.002 0.47
0.32 0.80 0.015 / 0.10 Example 5
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison of Stress Corrosion Sensitivity
Between Example and Comparative Examples in the Present Disclosure
Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example
example 1 example 2 example 3 example 4 example 5 Loss of
elongation 11.05 26.01 19.18 17.11 26.34 16.33 percentage, % Loss
of section 12.1 19.29 16.04 15.19 24.52 16.18 shrinkage percentage,
%
[0058] To sum up, the two effects of inhibiting the anodic
dissolution and the hydrogen embrittlement by alloying are the core
idea of the binary alloy design in the present disclosure, and
there are no specific limitations to the number and levels of
alloying elements for achieving the effects. The effects can be
achieved by an arbitrary combination of an anti-corrosion element
(such as Sb, Sn, and Mo) and an anti-corrosion damage element (such
as Nb, V, and Ti). The illustrated elements Sb and Nb are merely
representative alloying elements, which means two or more alloying
elements can be used in the present disclosure. The elements each
in a particular amount can be used for microalloying or in low
alloying design and main alloying design. A HSLA designed by the
binary alloy method as described above can be used in the marine
environment or in other environments in which stress corrosion
cracking may occur.
[0059] The foregoing are descriptions of preferred embodiments of
the present disclosure. It should be noted that a person of
ordinary skill in the art can make several improvements and
modifications without departing from the principle of the present
disclosure, and such improvements and modifications should be
deemed as falling within the protection scope of the present
disclosure.
* * * * *