U.S. patent application number 17/675494 was filed with the patent office on 2022-06-02 for 1,8-naphthyridinone compounds and uses thereof.
The applicant listed for this patent is NUVATION BIO INC.. Invention is credited to Pradeep S. JADHAVAR, Jayakanth KANKANALA, Farha KHAN, Baban Mohan MULIK, Son Minh PHAM, Sreekanth A. RAMACHANDRAN.
Application Number | 20220169648 17/675494 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000006153480 |
Filed Date | 2022-06-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220169648 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
PHAM; Son Minh ; et
al. |
June 2, 2022 |
1,8-NAPHTHYRIDINONE COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
Abstract
1,8-naphthyridinone compounds as modulators of an adenosine
receptor are provided. The compounds may find use as therapeutic
agents for the treatment of diseases mediated through a
G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and may find
particular use in oncology.
Inventors: |
PHAM; Son Minh; (San
Francisco, CA) ; KANKANALA; Jayakanth; (St. Paul,
MN) ; JADHAVAR; Pradeep S.; (Uttar Pradesh, IN)
; MULIK; Baban Mohan; (Uttar Pradesh, IN) ; KHAN;
Farha; (Uttar Pradesh, IN) ; RAMACHANDRAN; Sreekanth
A.; (Uttar Pradesh, IN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
NUVATION BIO INC. |
New York |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000006153480 |
Appl. No.: |
17/675494 |
Filed: |
February 18, 2022 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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16746769 |
Jan 17, 2020 |
11254670 |
|
|
17675494 |
|
|
|
|
62794526 |
Jan 18, 2019 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 35/04 20180101;
C07D 471/04 20130101; C07D 519/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07D 471/04 20060101
C07D471/04; A61P 35/04 20060101 A61P035/04; C07D 519/00 20060101
C07D519/00 |
Claims
1. A compound of the Formula (I): ##STR00300## or a tautomer or
isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the
foregoing, wherein: R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each independently H,
R.sup.b or oxo; R.sup.3 is independently H or R.sup.c; each R.sup.b
and R.sup.c is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8,
--SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2, --C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8),
--C(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)R.sup.8, --C(O)OR.sup.8,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.9,
--P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl,
3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CN,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)SR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CF.sub.3, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NO.sub.2, --C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OC(O)R.sup.8,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-12-membered heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-10-membered heteroaryl) or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), wherein each R.sup.b and R.sup.c
is independently optionally substituted by halogen, oxo, --CN,
--OR.sup.11, --NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --C(O)R.sup.11, --OC(O)R.sup.11,
--C(O)OR.sup.11, --C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --OC(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--NR.sup.11C(O)R.sup.12, --NR.sup.11C(O)OR.sup.12, --S(O)R.sup.11,
--S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --NR.sup.11S(O)R.sup.12,
--C(O)NR.sup.11S(O)R.sup.12, --NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12,
--C(O)NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12, --S(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OR.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11C(O)R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or halogen,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH,
NH.sub.2 or halogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)3-6-membered
heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or
halogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl
optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or halogen, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2
or halogen; is a single bond or a double bond, wherein when is a
double bond, R.sup.2 is oxo; is a single bond or a double bond,
wherein when is a double bond, R.sup.4 is oxo; one of and is a
double bond and the other is a single bond; A is ##STR00301##
wherein is a single bond or a double bond; X.sup.1 is N or CR',
wherein R' is --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9 or oxo; X.sup.2 is N,
NR'' or CR'', wherein R'' is R.sup.7, or R' and R'' are taken
together with the atoms to which they attach to form a 5- or
6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, three, or four N
atoms; B is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 5- to 6-membered
carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 5-
to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl of B is
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7, provided that when A
is optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted
isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted quinoxalinyl, optionally
substituted cinnolinyl, optionally substituted quinazolinyl, or
optionally substituted benzimidazolyl, then B is substituted with
1, 2, 3, or 4 R.sup.7 and at least one R.sup.7 is --CN, and when
X.sup.1 is N and X.sup.2 is CR'', then B is substituted with 1, 2,
3, or 4 R.sup.7 and at least one R.sup.7 is --CN; R.sup.6 is H or
R.sup.7; each R.sup.7 is independently oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN,
--OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2,
--C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8), --C(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)R.sup.8,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl,
3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CN,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)SR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CF.sub.3, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NO.sub.2, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)R.sup.8,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OC(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-12-membered heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-10-membered heteroaryl) or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), wherein each R.sup.6 and R.sup.7
is independently optionally substituted by halogen, oxo,
--OR.sup.11, --NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --C(O)R.sup.11, --CN,
--S(O)R.sup.11, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --P(O)(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)S(O)R.sup.11,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12), C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH or
halogen; each R.sup.8 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered
heteroaryl, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl), or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl), wherein the C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered
heteroaryl, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl), and --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl) of R.sup.8 are independently
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo, --CN, --OR.sup.13,
--NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --P(O)(OR.sup.13)(OR.sup.14), phenyl
optionally substituted by halogen, or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by halogen, --OH or oxo; R.sup.9 and
R.sup.10 are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered heteroaryl, 3-6
membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl) or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6 aryl), wherein the C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered heteroaryl, 3-6
membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(3-6-membered
heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(5-6-membered
heteroaryl) and --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.6 aryl) of
R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are independently optionally substituted by
halogen, oxo, --CN, --OR.sup.13, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14 or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, --OH or
oxo; or R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are taken together with the atom to
which they attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally
substituted by halogen, oxo, --OR.sup.13, --NR.sup.3R.sup.14 or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, oxo or
--OH; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl optionally substituted by halogen or
oxo; or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are taken together with the atom to
which they attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally
substituted by halogen, oxo or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen or oxo; and R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are each
independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen or oxo, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl optionally
substituted by halogen or oxo, or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl
optionally substituted by halogen or oxo; or R.sup.13 and R.sup.14
are taken together with the atom to which they attached to form a
3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted by halogen, oxo or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by oxo or halogen.
2. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.2 is H, oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl.
3. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.2 is H, oxo, halogen, --OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10.
4. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: H, oxo, bromo,
methoxy, ##STR00302##
5. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.2 is H.
6. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
the compound of formula (II): ##STR00303##
7. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.4 is H, oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl.
8. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.4 is H.
9. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
the compound is of formula (III): ##STR00304##
10. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.3 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl.
11. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.3 is H, --CN, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10.
12. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of: H, --CN,
##STR00305##
13. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
X.sup.1 is CR.
14. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
X.sup.1 is N.
15. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
X.sup.2 is N.
16. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
X.sup.2 is NR''.
17. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
X.sup.2 is CR''.
18. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
X.sup.1 is CR and X.sup.2 is CR'', and R and R'' are taken together
with the atoms to which they attach to form a 5- or 6-membered
heteroaryl ring containing one, two, three, or four N atoms.
19. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein
the compound is of any of the following formulae: ##STR00306##
##STR00307## ##STR00308## ##STR00309##
20. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is phenyl, optionally substituted with R.sup.7.
21. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl optionally further substituted with
R.sup.7.
22. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl,
isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, isothiazolyl,
thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl,
pyrazinyl, triazinyl, or tetrazinyl, each optionally substituted
with R.sup.7.
23. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is furanyl, pyridinyl, oxazoyl, or oxadiazoyl, each optionally
substituted with R.sup.7.
24. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is a 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl optionally further substituted
with R.sup.7.
25. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl,
naphthyridinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoimidazoyl,
pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl,
isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, isothiazolyl,
thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,
triazinyl, tetrazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl,
benzotriazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl,
benzothiophenyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl,
pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl,
triazolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl, oxazolopyridinyl,
isoxazolopyridinyl, oxadiazolopyridinyl, thienopyridinyl,
thiazolopyridinyl, isothiazolopyridinyl, thiadiazolopyridinyl,
thienopyridinyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazolothiazolyl, pyrazolothiazolyl
and imidazothiazolyl, each optionally substituted with R.sup.7.
26. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is selected from the group consisting of ##STR00310## each of which
is optionally substituted with R.sup.7.
27. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, R.sup.7
is independently halogen, --CN, or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen.
28. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, wherein B
is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00311##
29. A compound selected from the compounds of Table 1, or a
tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing.
30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1,
or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of any of the foregoing, and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
31. A method of treating disease mediated by an adenosine signaling
pathway in an individual in need thereof comprising administering
to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound
of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.
32. A method of treating cancer in an individual in need thereof
comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer
thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the
foregoing.
33. A method of inhibiting adenosine receptors of subtypes
A.sub.2a, A.sub.2b, or A.sub.3 in a cell, comprising administering
a compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, to the
cells.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the adenosine receptors are of
subtype A.sub.2a.
35. Use of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt or solvate thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for
treatment of a disease mediated by an adenosine signaling
pathway.
36. A kit comprising a compound of claim 1, or a tautomer or isomer
thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the
foregoing.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/746,769, filed Jan. 17, 2020, which claims
priority to U.S. Application Ser. No. 62/794,526, filed Jan. 18,
2019, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This disclosure relates generally to therapeutics for
treatment mediated through a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
signaling pathway and, more particularly, to compounds that inhibit
an adenosine receptor (such as an A.sub.2A antagonist). The
disclosure also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions
comprising such compounds and methods of using the compounds or
compositions in the treatment of a disease associated with a GPCR
signaling pathway.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Adenosine receptors (ARs) are distributed throughout the
body and are responsible for numerous biological functions. The
seven trans-membrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been
divided into four different subtypes: A.sub.1, A.sub.2A, A.sub.2B,
and A.sub.3. The A.sub.2A and A.sub.2B ARs stimulate activity of
the adenylyl cyclase, inducing an increase of cAMP levels. A.sub.2A
ARs have a distinct tissue localization, different biochemical
pathways, and specific pharmacological profiles.
[0004] Adenosine is one of the human body's most important
neuromodulators in both the central and the peripheral nervous
systems. Adenosine is released from tumor cells and its
concentration in the extracellular fluid of tumors can reach
immunosuppressive levels (Blay et al. (1997), Cancer Res., 57(13),
pp. 2602-5). The extracellular fluid of solid carcinomas contains
immunosuppressive concentrations of adenosine. Id. This increase in
adenosine concentration is a result of increases in CD73
(ecto-5'-nucleotidase) and CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate
dephosphorylase) enzymes, which are responsible for directly
catabolizing ATP into adenosine. These upregulations are triggered
by hypoxia and the generation of HIF-1.alpha.. High levels of
adenosine around tumor cells act to regulate multiple immune cells
(e.g., CD4.sup.+ T-cells and cytotoxic CD8.sup.+ T-cells) via
activation of multiple adenosine receptor subtypes, but
particularly A.sub.2A receptors, resulting in the suppressing of
pro-inflammatory activities and upregulation of anti-inflammatory
molecules and immunoregulatory cells (Kumar et al. (2013),
Adenosine as an endogenous immunoregulator in cancer pathogenesis:
where to go? Purinergic Signal., 9(2), pp 145-65 and Sitkowsky et
al., Hostile, hypoxia-A2-adenosinergic tumor biology as the next
barrier to overcome for tumor immunologists. Cancer Immunol. Res.
2(7), pp 598-605; Ohta (2016), A Metabolic Immune Checkpoint:
Adenosine in Tumor Microenvironment. Frontiers in Immunology., 7
article #109, pp 1-11). It was demonstrated that chimeric antigen
receptor (CAR) T cells upregulate A2ARs upon antigen-specific
stimulation in vitro and in vivo (Beavls (2017), Targeting the
Adenosine 2A Receptor Enhances Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell
Efficacy. J of Clin Invest. 127 (3): pp 929-941).
[0005] Survival of cancer cells is dependent on their ability to
avoid attack by the immune system. In addition, tumor cells can
overtake the immune system to facilitate tumor survival and
metastasis. Adenosine, whose concentration increases within hypoxic
regions of solid tumors, has been recognized as being able to
interfere with the recognition of tumor cells by cytolytic effector
cells of the immune system. (Tuite and Riss (2013). Recent
developments in the pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's
disease. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 12(8) pp 1335-52, Popoli et
al. (2002). Blockade of striatal adenosine A.sub.2A receptor
reduces, through a presynaptic mechanism, quinolinic acid-induced
excitotoxicity: possible relevance to neuroprotective interventions
in neurodegenerative diseases of the striatum, J. Neurosci, 22(5)
pp. 1967-75, Gessi et al. (2011). Adenosine receptors and cancer.
Biochim Biophys Acta, 1808(5), pp. 1400-12).
[0006] Although all adenosine receptors now have an increasing
number of recognized biological roles in tumors, the A.sub.2A and
A.sub.3 subtypes appear promising targets for therapeutic
development. In particular, activation of A.sub.2A receptors leads
to immunosuppressive effects, which decreases anti-tumoral immunity
and thereby encourages tumor growth.
[0007] The A.sub.2B receptor is another potential target for
therapeutic development. Autocrine/paracrine stimulation of
A.sub.2B expressed on tumor cells is believed to enhance their
metastatic potential and A.sub.2B blockade may reduce tumor
metastasis in an immune-independent manner (Beavis et al. (2013).
Blockade of A.sub.2A receptors potently suppresses the metabolism
of CD73.sup.+ Tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110(36) pp. 14711-6).
A.sub.2B expression also correlates with relapse-free survival
(RFS) in triple negative breast cancer suggesting that this pathway
may be clinically relevant. A.sub.2B blockade also has the
potential to modulate the immunosuppressive properties of
tumor-associated immune cells including dendritic cells and
myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (Cekic et al. (2011).
Adenosine A.sub.2B receptor blockade slows growth of bladder and
breast tumors. J. Immunol. 188(1), pp. 198-205; Sorrentino et al.
(2015). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to A.sub.2B
adenosine receptor-induced VEGF production and angiogenesis in a
mouse melanoma model. Oncotarget 6(29), pp. 27478-89; Iannone et
al. (2013). Blockade of A.sub.2B adenosine receptor reduces tumor
growth and immune suppression mediated by myeloid-derived
suppressor cells in a mouse model of melanoma. Neoplasia, 15(12),
pp. 1400-9.
[0008] There remains a continuing need for new therapies for the
treatment of diseases and disorders related to the adenosine
signaling pathway.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] In one aspect, provided is a compound of the formula
(I):
##STR00001##
or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of any of the foregoing, wherein A, B, and R.sup.2-R.sup.4,
are as detailed herein.
[0010] In some embodiments, the compound of the formula (I), or a
tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing, is of the formula (II) or (III), as
detailed herein. In some embodiments, provided is a compound of the
formula (II), or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. In some
embodiments, provided is a compound of the formula (III), or a
tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing.
[0011] In another aspect, provided is a method for any one or more
of: (a) treating a disease, such as a proliferative disease, in an
individual in need thereof; (b) enhancing an immune response in an
individual in need thereof; (c) inhibiting tumor metastasis in an
individual in need thereof; (d) modulating the activity of a G
protein coupled receptor signaling pathway in an individual in need
thereof; (e) modulating the activity of an adenosine receptor, such
as an A.sub.2A receptor, in an individual in need thereof; and (f)
increasing the activity of a natural killer cell in an individual
in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the
individual an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or any
related formulae such as formula (II) or formula (III), or a
tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing. In some embodiments, provided is a method
for any one or more of: (a) treating a disease, such as a
proliferative disease, in an individual in need thereof; (b)
enhancing an immune response in an individual in need thereof; (c)
inhibiting tumor metastasis in an individual in need thereof; (d)
modulating the activity of a G protein coupled receptor signaling
pathway in an individual in need thereof; (e) modulating the
activity of an adenosine receptor, such as an A.sub.2A receptor, in
an individual in need thereof; and (f) increasing the activity of a
natural killer cell in an individual in need thereof, wherein the
method comprises administering to the individual an effective
amount of a compound of formula (I) or any related formulae such as
formula (II) or formula (III), or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing. In one
aspect, the compound of formula (I) or any related formulae such as
formula (II) or formula (III), or a tautomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, is
administered to the individual in combination with another
therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I)
or any related formulae such as formula (II) or formula (III), or a
tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing is administered to the individual in
combination with another therapeutic agent.
[0012] Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising (A)
a compound detailed herein, such as a compound of formula (I) or
any related formulae such as formula (II) or formula (III), or a
tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing, and (B) a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier or excipient. In some embodiments, provided are
pharmaceutical compositions comprising (A) a compound detailed
herein, such as a compound of formula (I) or any related formulae
such as formula (II) or formula (III), or a tautomer thereof, or a
or a salt of any of the foregoing, or a compound of formula (II) or
a tautomer thereof, or a or a salt of any of the foregoing, or a
compound of formula (III) or a tautomer thereof, or a or a salt of
any of the foregoing, and (B) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
or excipient. Kits comprising a compound detailed herein or a
tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing and instructions for use are also provided.
Kits comprising a compound detailed herein or a salt thereof and
instructions for use are also provided. A compound detailed herein
or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of any of the foregoing is also provided for the manufacture
of a medicament for the treatment of cancer. Compounds as detailed
herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are also
provided for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of
cancer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 shows the effect of compound 1 on TNF-.alpha.
production in activated human PBMCs.
[0014] FIG. 2 shows the effect of compound 1 on IFN-.gamma.
production in activated human PBMCs.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
[0015] For use herein, unless clearly indicated otherwise, use of
the terms "a", "an" and the like refers to one or more.
[0016] "Alkenyl" as used herein refers to an unsaturated linear or
branched univalent hydrocarbon chain or combination thereof, having
at least one site of olefinic unsaturation (i.e., having at least
one moiety of the formula C.dbd.C) and having the number of carbon
atoms designated (i.e., C.sub.2-C.sub.10 means two to ten carbon
atoms). The alkenyl group may be in "cis" or "trans"
configurations, or alternatively in "E" or "Z" configurations.
Particular alkenyl groups are those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkenyl"), having 2 to 8 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl"), having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl"), or having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyl"). Examples of alkenyl include, but are
not limited to, groups such as ethenyl (or vinyl), prop-1-enyl,
prop-2-enyl (or allyl), 2-methylprop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl,
but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1,3-dienyl, 2-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl,
homologs and isomers thereof, and the like.
[0017] The term "alkyl" refers to and includes saturated linear and
branched univalent hydrocarbon structures and combination thereof,
having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e.,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10 means one to ten carbons). Particular alkyl groups
are those having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (a "C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl").
More particular alkyl groups are those having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
(a "C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl"), 3 to 8 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.3-C.sub.8 alkyl"), 1 to 6 carbon atoms (a "C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl"), 1 to 5 carbon atoms (a "C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl"), or 1 to 4
carbon atoms (a "C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl"). Examples of alkyl
include, but are not limited to, groups such as methyl, ethyl,
n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl,
homologs and isomers of, for example, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl,
n-octyl, and the like.
[0018] "Alkylene" as used herein refers to the same residues as
alkyl, but having bivalency. Particular alkylene groups are those
having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (a "C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene"), 1 to 5
carbon atoms (a "C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene"), 1 to 4 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene") or 1 to 3 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene"). Examples of alkylene include, but are
not limited to, groups such as methylene (--CH.sub.2--), ethylene
(--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--), propylene (--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--),
butylene (--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--), isopropylene
(--CH.sub.2--C(H)(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--), and the like.
[0019] "Alkynyl" as used herein refers to an unsaturated linear or
branched univalent hydrocarbon chain or combination thereof, having
at least one site of acetylenic unsaturation (i.e., having at least
one moiety of the formula C.ident.C) and having the number of
carbon atoms designated (i.e., C.sub.2-C.sub.10 means two to ten
carbon atoms). Particular alkynyl groups are those having 2 to 20
carbon atoms (a "C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkynyl"), having 2 to 8 carbon
atoms (a "C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl"), having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl"), or having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (a
"C.sub.2-C.sub.4alkynyl"). Examples of alkynyl include, but are not
limited to, groups such as ethynyl (or acetylenyl), prop-1-ynyl,
prop-2-ynyl (or propargyl), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl,
homologs and isomers thereof, and the like.
[0020] The term "aryl" refers to and includes polyunsaturated
aromatic hydrocarbon groups. Aryl may contain additional fused
rings (e.g., from 1 to 3 rings), including additionally fused aryl,
heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and/or heterocyclyl rings. In one
variation, the aryl group contains from 6 to 14 annular carbon
atoms. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to,
phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, and the like.
[0021] The terms "cycloalkyl" or "carbocycle" are used
interchangeably and refer to and include cyclic univalent
hydrocarbon structures, which may be fully saturated, mono- or
polyunsaturated, but which are non-aromatic, having the number of
carbon atoms designated (e.g., C.sub.1-C.sub.10 means one to ten
carbons). Cycloalkyl or carbocycle groups can consist of one ring,
such as cyclohexyl, or multiple rings, such as adamantyl, but
excludes aryl groups. A cycloalkyl or carbocycle comprising more
than one ring may be fused, spiro or bridged, or combinations
thereof. A preferred cycloalkyl or carbocycle is a cyclic
hydrocarbon having from 3 to 13 annular carbon atoms. A more
preferred cycloalkyl or carbocycle is a cyclic hydrocarbon having
from 3 to 8 annular carbon atoms (a "C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl").
Examples of cycloalkyl or carbocycle groups include, but are not
limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
1-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, norbornyl, and the
like.
[0022] "Halo" or "halogen" refers to elements of the Group 17
series having atomic number 9 to 85. Preferred halo groups include
fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. Where a residue is substituted with
more than one halogen, it may be referred to by using a prefix
corresponding to the number of halogen moieties attached, e.g.,
dihaloaryl, dihaloalkyl, trihaloaryl etc. refer to aryl and alkyl
substituted with two ("di") or three ("tri") halo groups, which may
be but are not necessarily the same halo; thus
4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl is within the scope of dihaloaryl. An alkyl
group in which each hydrogen is replaced with a halo group is
referred to as a "perhaloalkyl." A preferred perhaloalkyl group is
trifluoroalkyl (--CF.sub.3). Similarly, "perhaloalkoxy" refers to
an alkoxy group in which a halogen takes the place of each H in the
hydrocarbon making up the alkyl moiety of the alkoxy group. An
example of a perhaloalkoxy group is trifluoromethoxy
(--OCF.sub.3).
[0023] The term "heteroaryl" refers to and includes unsaturated
aromatic cyclic groups having from 1 to 10 annular carbon atoms and
at least one annular heteroatom, including but not limited to
heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, wherein the
nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen
atom(s) are optionally quaternized. A heteroaryl group can be
attached to the remainder of the molecule at an annular carbon or
at an annular heteroatom. Heteroaryl may contain additional fused
rings (e.g., from 1 to 3 rings), including additionally fused aryl,
heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and/or heterocyclyl rings. Examples of
heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, and the like. Examples
of heteroaryl groups also include, but are not limited to, pyridyl,
pyrimidyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,
thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl,
isothiazolyl, triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl,
benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, indazolyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzooxazolyl or benzoimidazolyl and the like
[0024] In one variation, a heteroaryl containing at least one
additional fused ring that is nonaromatic (e.g., cycloakyl or
heterocyclyl) is attached to the parent structure at an annular
atom of the additional ring. In another variation, a heteroaryl
containing at least one additional ring that is nonaromatic (e.g.,
cycloakyl or heterocyclyl) is attached to the parent structure at
an annular atom of the aromatic ring.
[0025] The term "heterocycle" or "heterocyclyl" refers to a
saturated or an unsaturated non-aromatic group having from 1 to 10
annular carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 annular heteroatoms, such as
nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, and the like, wherein the nitrogen and
sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are
optionally quaternized. A heterocyclyl group may have a single ring
or multiple condensed rings, but excludes heteroaryl groups. A
heterocycle comprising more than one ring may be fused, spiro or
bridged, or any combination thereof. In fused ring systems, one or
more of the fused rings can be aryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl.
Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to,
tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,
pyrrolidinyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,
tetrahydrothiophenyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzolblthiophen-2-yl,
4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl, and the like.
[0026] In one variation, a heterocyclyl containing at least one
additional ring (such as a fused additional ring) that does not
contain a heteroatom is attached to the parent structure at an
annular atom of the additional ring. In another variation, a
heterocyclyl containing at least one additional ring (such as a
fused additional ring) that does not contain a heteroatom is
attached to the parent structure at an annular atom of the ring
containing a heteroatom.
[0027] "Oxo" refers to the moiety .dbd.O.
[0028] "Optionally substituted" unless otherwise specified means
that a group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
(e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) of the substituents listed for that group
in which the substituents may be the same of different. In one
embodiment, an optionally substituted group has one substituent. In
another embodiment, an optionally substituted group has two
substituents. In another embodiment, an optionally substituted
group has three substituents. In another embodiment, an optionally
substituted group has four substituents. In some embodiments, an
optionally substituted group has 1 to 2, 2 to 5, 3 to 5, 2 to 3, 2
to 4, 3 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 4 or 1 to 5 substituents.
[0029] A "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refers to an
ingredient in a pharmaceutical formulation, other than an active
ingredient, which is nontoxic to a subject. A pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, a buffer,
excipient, stabilizer, or preservative.
[0030] As used herein, "treatment" or "treating" is an approach for
obtaining beneficial or desired results including clinical results.
For example, beneficial or desired results include, but are not
limited to, one or more of the following: decreasing symptoms
resulting from the disease, increasing the quality of life of those
suffering from the disease, decreasing the dose of other
medications required to treat the disease, delaying the progression
of the disease, and/or prolonging survival of individuals. In
reference to cancers or other unwanted cell proliferation,
beneficial or desired results include shrinking a tumor (reducing
tumor size); decreasing the growth rate of the tumor (such as to
suppress tumor growth); reducing the number of cancer cells;
inhibiting, retarding or slowing to some extent and preferably
stopping cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs;
inhibiting (slowing to some extent and preferably stopping) tumor
metastasis; inhibiting tumor growth; preventing or delaying
occurrence and/or recurrence of tumor; and/or relieving to some
extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. In
some embodiments, beneficial or desired results include preventing
or delaying occurrence and/or recurrence, such as of unwanted cell
proliferation.
[0031] As used herein, "delaying development of a disease" means to
defer, hinder, slow, retard, stabilize, and/or postpone development
of the disease (such as cancer). This delay can be of varying
lengths of time, depending on the history of the disease and/or
individual being treated. As is evident to one skilled in the art,
a sufficient or significant delay can, in effect, encompass
prevention, in that the individual does not develop the disease.
For example, a late stage cancer, such as development of
metastasis, may be delayed.
[0032] As used herein, an "effective dosage" or "effective amount"
of compound or salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition is an
amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results. For
prophylactic use, beneficial or desired results include results
such as eliminating or reducing the risk, lessening the severity
of, or delaying the onset of the disease, including biochemical,
histological and/or behavioral symptoms of the disease, its
complications and intermediate pathological phenotypes presenting
during development of the disease. For therapeutic use, beneficial
or desired results include ameliorating, palliating, lessening,
delaying or decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the
disease, increasing the quality of life of those suffering from the
disease, decreasing the dose of other medications required to treat
the disease, enhancing effect of another medication such as via
targeting, delaying the progression of the disease, and/or
prolonging survival. In reference to cancers or other unwanted cell
proliferation, an effective amount comprises an amount sufficient
to cause a tumor to shrink and/or to decrease the growth rate of
the tumor (such as to suppress tumor growth) or to prevent or delay
other unwanted cell proliferation. In some embodiments, an
effective amount is an amount sufficient to delay development. In
some embodiments, an effective amount is an amount sufficient to
prevent or delay occurrence and/or recurrence. An effective amount
can be administered in one or more administrations, in the case of
cancer, the effective amount of the drug or composition may: (i)
reduce the number of cancer cells; (ii) reduce tumor size; (iii)
inhibit, retard, slow to some extent and preferably stop cancer
cell infiltration into peripheral organs; (iv) inhibit (i.e., slow
to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; (v) inhibit
tumor growth; (vi) prevent or delay occurrence and/or recurrence of
tumor; and/or (vii) relieve to some extent one or more of the
symptoms associated with the cancer. An effective dosage can be
administered in one or more administrations. For purposes of this
disclosure, an effective dosage of compound or a salt thereof, or
pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to accomplish
prophylactic or therapeutic treatment either directly or
indirectly. It is intended and understood that an effective dosage
of a compound or salt thereof, or pharmaceutical composition may or
may not be achieved in conjunction with another drug, compound, or
pharmaceutical composition. Thus, an "effective dosage" may be
considered in the context of administering one or more therapeutic
agents, and a single agent may be considered to be given in an
effective amount if, in conjunction with one or more other agents,
a desirable result may be or is achieved.
[0033] As used herein, the term "individual" is a mammal, including
humans. An individual includes, but is not limited to, human,
bovine, horse, feline, canine, rodent, or primate. In some
embodiments, the individual is human. The individual (such as a
human) may have advanced disease or lesser extent of disease, such
as low tumor burden. In some embodiments, the individual is at an
early stage of a proliferative disease (such as cancer). In some
embodiments, the individual is at an advanced stage of a
proliferative disease (such as an advanced cancer).
[0034] Reference to "about" a value or parameter herein includes
(and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or
parameter per se. For example, description referring to "about X"
includes description of "X".
[0035] It is understood that aspects and variations described
herein also include "consisting" and/or "consisting essentially of"
aspects and variations.
Compounds
[0036] In one aspect, provided is a compound of the Formula
(I):
##STR00002##
or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of any of the foregoing, wherein:
[0037] R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each independently H, R.sup.b or
oxo;
[0038] R.sup.3 is independently H or R.sup.c;
[0039] each R.sup.b and R.sup.c is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen,
--CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2,
--C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8), --C(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)R.sup.8,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl,
3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CN,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)SR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CF.sub.3, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NO.sub.2, --C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OC(O)R.sup.8,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(3-12-membered heterocyclyl),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(5-10-membered heteroaryl) or
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), wherein each
R.sup.b and R.sup.c is independently optionally substituted by
halogen, oxo, --CN, --OR.sup.11, --NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--C(O)R.sup.11, --OC(O)R.sup.11, --C(O)OR.sup.11,
--C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --OC(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--NR.sup.11C(O)R.sup.12, --NR.sup.11C(O)OR.sup.12, --S(O)R.sup.11,
--S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --NR.sup.11S(O)R.sup.12,
--C(O)NR.sup.11S(O)R.sup.12, --NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12,
--C(O)NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12, --S(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OR.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkylene)C(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11C(O)R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or halogen,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH,
NH.sub.2 or halogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)3-6-membered
heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or
halogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl
optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or halogen, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2
or halogen;
[0040] is a single bond or a double bond, wherein when is a double
bond, R.sup.2 is oxo;
[0041] is a single bond or a double bond, wherein when is a double
bond, R.sup.4 is oxo; [0042] one of and is a double bond and the
other is a single bond;
[0043] A is C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-
to 10-membered carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heterocycle,
wherein the C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-
to 10-membered carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heterocycle of A is
optionally further substituted with R.sup.6;
[0044] B is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 5- to 6-membered
carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 5-
to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl of B is
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7;
[0045] R.sup.6 is H or R.sup.7;
[0046] each R.sup.7 is independently oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN,
--OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2,
--C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8), --C(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)R.sup.8,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl,
3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CN,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)SR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CF.sub.3, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NO.sub.2, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)R.sup.8,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OC(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(3-12-membered heterocyclyl),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(5-10-membered heteroaryl) or
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), wherein each
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is independently optionally substituted by
halogen, oxo, --OR.sup.11, --NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --C(O)R.sup.11,
--CN, --S(O)R.sup.11, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.11,
--P(O)(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OR.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkylene)C(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12), C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH or
halogen;
[0047] each R.sup.8 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered
heteroaryl, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl), or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl), wherein the C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered
heteroaryl, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl), and --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl) of R.sup.8 are independently
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo, --CN, --OR.sup.13,
--NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --P(O)(OR.sup.13)(OR.sup.14), phenyl
optionally substituted by halogen, or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by halogen, --OH or oxo;
[0048] R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl,
5-6-membered heteroaryl, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl) or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6 aryl), wherein the C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered heteroaryl, 3-6
membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(3-6-membered
heterocyclyl), alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl) and
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.6 aryl) of R.sup.9 and R.sup.10
are independently optionally substituted by halogen, oxo, --CN,
--OR.sup.13, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14 or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by halogen, --OH or oxo; [0049] or R.sup.9
and R.sup.10 are taken together with the atom to which they
attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted
by halogen, oxo, --OR.sup.13, --NR.sup.3R.sup.14 or C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, oxo or --OH;
[0050] R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl optionally substituted by halogen or
oxo; [0051] or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are taken together with the
atom to which they attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by halogen or oxo; and
[0052] R.sup.13 and R'.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl optionally substituted by halogen or
oxo; [0053] or R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are taken together with the
atom to which they attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by oxo or halogen.
[0054] In some embodiments, provided is a compound of the Formula
(I):
##STR00003##
or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of any of the foregoing, wherein:
[0055] R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each independently H, R.sup.b or
oxo;
[0056] R.sup.3 is independently H or R.sup.c;
[0057] each R.sup.b and R.sup.c is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen,
--CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2,
--C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8), --C(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)R.sup.8,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --C(O)OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9, --NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9,
--C(O)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10),
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)CN, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.8,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)SR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CF.sub.3,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NO.sub.2, --C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OC(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)OR.sup.8,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-12-membered heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-10-membered heteroaryl) or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), wherein each R.sup.b and R.sup.c
is independently optionally substituted by halogen, oxo, --CN,
--OR.sup.11, --NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --C(O)R.sup.11, --OC(O)R.sup.11,
--C(O)OR.sup.11, --C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --OC(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--NR.sup.11C(O)R.sup.12, --NR.sup.11C(O)OR.sup.12, --S(O)R.sup.11,
--S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --NR.sup.11S(O)R.sup.12,
--C(O)NR.sup.11S(O)R.sup.12, --NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12,
--C(O)NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12, --S(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OR.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11C(O)R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11S(O).sub.2R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.11R.sup.12, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or halogen,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH,
NH.sub.2 or halogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)3-6-membered
heterocyclyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or
halogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl
optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2 or halogen, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH, NH.sub.2
or halogen;
[0058] is a single bond or a double bond, wherein when is a double
bond, R.sup.2 is oxo;
[0059] is a single bond or a double bond, wherein when is a double
bond, R.sup.4 is oxo; [0060] one of and is a double bond and the
other is a single bond;
[0061] A is
##STR00004##
wherein [0062] is a single bond or a double bond; [0063] X.sup.1 is
N or CR', wherein R' is --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9 or oxo; [0064]
X.sup.2 is N, NR'' or CR'', wherein R'' is R.sup.7, [0065] or R and
R'' are taken together with the atoms to which they attach to form
a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, three, or
four N atoms;
[0066] B is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 5- to 6-membered
carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 5-
to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl of B is
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7, [0067] provided that
when A is optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted
isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted quinoxalinyl, optionally
substituted cinnolinyl, optionally substituted quinazolinyl, or
optionally substituted benzimidazolyl, then B is substituted with
1, 2, 3, or 4 R.sup.7 and at least one R.sup.7 is --CN, and [0068]
when X.sup.1 is N and X.sup.2 is CR'', then B is substituted with
1, 2, 3, or 4 R.sup.7 and at least one R.sup.7 is --CN;
[0069] R.sup.6 is H or R.sup.7;
[0070] each R.sup.7 is independently oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN,
--OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2,
--C.dbd.NH(OR.sup.8), --C(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)R.sup.8,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl,
3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl,
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CN,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)SR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)CF.sub.3, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NO.sub.2, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)C(O)R.sup.8,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OC(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)OR.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --C(O)(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.9)(OR.sup.10), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-12-membered heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-10-membered heteroaryl) or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), wherein each R.sup.6 and R.sup.7
is independently optionally substituted by halogen, oxo,
--OR.sup.11, --NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --C(O)R.sup.11, --CN,
--S(O)R.sup.11, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --P(O)(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12),
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)OR.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3alkylene)C(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O)R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)S(O).sub.2R.sup.11, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)P(O)(OR.sup.11)(OR.sup.12), C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by oxo, --OH or
halogen;
[0071] each R.sup.8 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered
heteroaryl, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl), or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl), wherein the C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered
heteroaryl, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl), and --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl) of R.sup.8 are independently
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo, --CN, --OR.sup.13,
--NR.sup.13R.sup.14, --P(O)(OR.sup.13)(OR.sup.14), phenyl
optionally substituted by halogen, or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by halogen, --OH or oxo;
[0072] R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl,
5-6-membered heteroaryl, 3-6 membered heterocyclyl,
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.11R.sup.12, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-6-membered heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(5-6-membered heteroaryl) or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6 aryl), wherein the C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, 5-6-membered heteroaryl, 3-6
membered heterocyclyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6
cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(3-6-membered
heterocyclyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(5-6-membered
heteroaryl) and --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.6 aryl) of
R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are independently optionally substituted by
halogen, oxo, --CN, --OR.sup.13, --NR.sup.13R.sup.14 or
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, --OH or
oxo; [0073] or R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are taken together with the
atom to which they attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo, --OR.sup.13,
--NR.sup.3R.sup.14 or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted
by halogen, oxo or --OH;
[0074] R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl optionally substituted by halogen or
oxo; [0075] or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are taken together with the
atom to which they attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by halogen or oxo; and
[0076] R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are each independently hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl optionally substituted by halogen or oxo,
or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl optionally substituted by halogen or
oxo; [0077] or R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are taken together with the
atom to which they attached to form a 3-6 membered heterocyclyl
optionally substituted by halogen, oxo or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
optionally substituted by oxo or halogen.
[0078] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R' and R''
are not both oxo.
[0079] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), when
X.sup.1 is CR and X.sup.2 is NR'', B is unsubstituted.
[0080] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), when R and
R'' are taken together with the atoms to which they attach to form
a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, three, or
four N atoms, then B is substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R.sup.7 and
at least one R.sup.7 is --CN. In some embodiments, when R' and R''
are taken together with the atoms to which they attach to form a 5-
or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, or three N
atoms, then B is substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R.sup.7 and at
least one R.sup.7 is --CN. In some embodiments, when R' and R'' are
taken together with the atoms to which they attach to form a 5- or
6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or two N atoms, then B is
substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R.sup.7 and at least one R.sup.7 is
--CN.
[0081] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), the
compound is other than the compounds in Table 1X, or a tautomer or
isomer thereof, or a salt of any of the foregoing.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1X Compound No. Name 1.1x
7-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-
3-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one 1.2x
6-(5-Chloro-1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-
(4-fluorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one 1.3x
7-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-(1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-
3-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one 1.4x
6-(5-Chloro-1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-
(4-fluorophenyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one 1.5x
6-(1-Isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-(1-methyl-
1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one 1.6x
6-(5-Chloro-1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-
(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one
[0082] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.a,
R.sup.b, and R.sup.c are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN,
--OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8, --NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, --S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl,
3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl.
[0083] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.a,
R.sup.b, and R.sup.c are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN,
--OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered
heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14
aryl.
[0084] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.b,
and R.sup.c are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, --CN,
--OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8 or --NR.sup.9R.sup.10.
[0085] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.b,
and R.sup.c are independently --CH.sub.3, halogen, --CN or
--OCH.sub.3.
[0086] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.2 is
H, oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl. In some
embodiments, R.sup.2 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, --CN, or
--OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is H, oxo, halogen,
--OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)OR.sup.8, or
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments,
R.sup.2 is H, oxo, halogen, --CN, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)OR.sup.8, or
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments,
R.sup.2 is H. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is oxo. In some
embodiments, R.sup.2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is
--OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10.
In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is --C(O)OR.sup.8. In some
embodiments, R.sup.2 is --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10.
[0087] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.2 is
selected from the group consisting of: H, oxo, bromo, methoxy,
--CN,
##STR00005##
[0088] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.4 is
H, oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl. In some
embodiments, R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8,
--SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered
heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14
aryl. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is H, oxo, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, or --NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some
embodiments, R.sup.4 is H. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is oxo. In
some embodiments, R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl. In some
embodiments, R.sup.4 is halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is
--CN. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is --OR.sup.8. In some
embodiments, R.sup.4 is --NR.sup.9R.sup.10.
[0089] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), R.sup.3 is
H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl. In some
embodiments, R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8,
--SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered
heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14
aryl. In some embodiments, R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8 or --NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In
some embodiments, R.sup.3 is --CH.sub.3, halogen, --CN or
--OCH.sub.3. In some embodiments, R.sup.3 is H or methyl. In some
embodiments, R.sup.3 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, --CN, or
--OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.3 is H, halogen, --CN,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OW, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, or --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In
some embodiments, R.sup.3 is H, --CN, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, or
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments,
R.sup.3 is H. In some embodiments, R.sup.3 is --CN. In some
embodiments, R.sup.3 is --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments, R.sup.3 is
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments, R.sup.3 is selected
from the group consisting of: H, --CN,
##STR00006##
[0090] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I), R.sup.2
and R.sup.3 are each H and R.sup.4 is oxo. In some embodiments of
the compound of Formula (I), R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H and
R.sup.2 is oxo.
[0091] In some embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula
(II):
##STR00007##
or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of any of the foregoing, wherein A, B, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are
as defined for Formula (I).
[0092] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I) or (III),
R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl. In some
embodiments, R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8,
--SR.sup.8, --NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered
heterocyclyl, 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14
aryl. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, or --NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some
embodiments, R.sup.4 is H. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is halogen. In
some embodiments, R.sup.4 is --CN. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is
--OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.4 is --NR.sup.9R.sup.10.
[0093] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (II), at least
one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is not H. In some embodiments, at least
one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen,
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --CN, or --OR.sup.8. In some embodiments,
R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H.
[0094] In some embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula
(III):
##STR00008##
or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt of any of the foregoing, wherein A, B, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and
are as defined for Formula (I).
[0095] In some embodiments of a compound of formula (I) or (III),
R.sup.2 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
--NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9, --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--S(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O).sub.2NR.sup.9R.sup.10,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, 3-12-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to
10-membered heteroaryl or C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl. In some
embodiments, R.sup.2 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, --CN, or
--OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is H, oxo, halogen,
--OR.sup.8, --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)OR.sup.8, or
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments,
R.sup.2 is H, halogen, --CN, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OR.sup.8,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)OR.sup.8, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is H. In
some embodiments, R.sup.2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.2
is --OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is
--C(O)OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is selected
from the group consisting of: H, bromo, methoxy, --CN,
##STR00009##
[0096] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (III), at least
one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is not H. In some embodiments, at least
one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen,
C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl, --CN, or --OR.sup.8. In some embodiments,
R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each H.
[0097] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or
(III), X.sup.1 is N. In some embodiments, X.sup.1 is CR'. In some
embodiments, R is --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9. In some of these
embodiments, R' is oxo. In some embodiments, R' is
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10 or --NR.sup.8S(O)R.sup.9. In some
embodiments, R' is --C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10. In some embodiments, R
is --C(O)NH.sub.2. In
[0098] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or
(III), X.sup.2 is NR'' or CR''. In some embodiments, X.sup.2 is N.
In some embodiments, X.sup.2 is NR''. In some embodiments, X.sup.2
is CR''. In some of these embodiments, R'' is C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, halogen,
[0099] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or
(III), X.sup.1 is N and X.sup.2 is NR''. In some embodiments,
X.sup.1 is N and X.sup.2 is CR''. In some embodiments, X.sup.1 is
CR and X.sup.2 is CR'', or R' and R'' are taken together with the
atoms to which they attach to form a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl
ring containing one, two, three, or four N atoms. In some
embodiments, X.sup.1 is CR and X.sup.2 is NR''. In some
embodiments, X.sup.1 is CR' and X.sup.2 is N. In some embodiments,
X.sup.1 is CR' and X.sup.2 is CR''. In some embodiments, X.sup.1 is
CR and X.sup.2 is CR'', and R' and R'' are taken together with the
atoms to which they attach to form a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl
ring containing one, two, three, or four N atoms. In some
embodiments, X.sup.1 is CR and X.sup.2 is CR'', and R' and R'' are
taken together with the atoms to which they attach to form a 5- or
6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or two N atoms.
[0100] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or
(III), A is
##STR00010##
each of which is optionally substituted with R.sup.6.
[0101] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or
(III), R' and R'' are taken together with the atoms to which they
attach to form a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one,
two, three, or four N atoms; and B is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered
heteroaryl, 5- to 6-membered carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered
heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 9-
to 10-membered heteroaryl of B is optionally further substituted
with R.sup.7. In some embodiments, A is substituted quinolinyl,
optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted
quinoxalinyl, optionally substituted cinnolinyl, optionally
substituted quinazolinyl, or optionally substituted benzimidazolyl;
and B is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 5- to 6-membered
carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 5-
to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl of B is
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7. In some embodiments, A
is
##STR00011##
and B is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 5- to 6-membered
carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 5-
to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl of B is
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7. In some embodiments, A
is
##STR00012##
and B is phenyl, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, 5- to 6-membered
carbocycle, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl, wherein the phenyl, 5-
to 6-membered heteroaryl, or 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl of B is
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7.
[0102] In some embodiments, provided is a compound of any of the
following formulae, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing,
##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016##
wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, and B are as defined
for formula (I) and M.sup.1, M.sup.2, M.sup.3, and M.sup.4 are each
independently N, NH, or CH. In some embodiments, M.sup.1, M.sup.2,
M.sup.3, and M.sup.4 are each independently O, S, N, NH, or CH.
[0103] In some embodiments, R.sup.6 is selected from the group
consisting of H, halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.8, --C(O)OR.sup.8,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--OC(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.6 is selected
from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen,
--CN, and --OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.6 is selected from
the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, halogen, --CN,
and --OR.sup.8. In some embodiments, R.sup.6 is selected from the
group consisting of H, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OR.sup.8, and
halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.6 is H. In some embodiments,
R.sup.6 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl
or n-propyl. In some embodiments, R.sup.6 is halogen. In some
embodiments, R.sup.6 is --OR.sup.8.
[0104] In some embodiments, R' is --NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9. In
some embodiments, R' is oxo. In some embodiments, R' is
--NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9, wherein R.sup.8 is H and R.sup.9 is
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl.
[0105] In some embodiments, R'' is selected from the group
consisting of halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.8, --C(O)OR.sup.8,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--OC(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(3-12-membered heterocyclyl), alkylene)(5-10-membered
heteroaryl) and --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14
aryl). In some embodiments, R'' is selected from the group
consisting of halogen, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, and --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene)(C.sub.6-C.sub.14 aryl).
[0106] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or
(III), A is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00017## ##STR00018##
[0107] It is understood that each description of A may be combined
with each description of R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 the same as if each and
every combination were specifically and individually listed. It is
similarly understood that each description of A may be combined
with each description of B (and further with each description of
R.sup.2 to R.sup.4) the same as if each and every combination were
specifically and individually listed. For example, in one aspect,
it is understood that each description of A may be combined in one
aspect with a variation in which R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are each hydrogen
and one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen and one of R.sup.2 and
R.sup.4 is oxo. In one such variation, each description of A is
combined in one aspect with a variation in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3
are each hydrogen and R.sup.4 is oxo. In another such variation,
each description of A is combined in one aspect with a variation in
which R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are each hydrogen and R.sup.2 is oxo. Such
embodiments may further be combined with each description of B.
[0108] In some embodiments, B is phenyl, optionally further
substituted with R.sup.7. In some embodiments, B is unsubstituted
phenyl. In some embodiments, B is phenyl substituted with one or
more R.sup.7. In some embodiments, B is 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7. In some embodiments, B
is pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl,
isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, isothiazolyl,
thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl,
pyrazinyl, triazinyl, or tetrazinyl, each optionally substituted
with R.sup.7. In some embodiments, B is furanyl, pyridinyl,
oxazoyl, or oxadiazoyl, each optionally substituted with
R.sup.7.
[0109] In some embodiments, B is a 9- to 10-membered heteroaryl
optionally further substituted with R.sup.7. In some embodiments, B
is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl,
naphthyridinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoimidazoyl,
pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl,
isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, isothiazolyl,
thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,
triazinyl, tetrazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl,
benzothiophenyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl,
pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl,
triazolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl, oxazolopyridinyl,
isoxazolopyridinyl, oxadiazolopyridinyl, thienopyridinyl,
thiazolopyridinyl, isothiazolopyridinyl, thiadiazolopyridinyl,
thienopyridinyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazolothiazolyl, pyrazolothiazolyl
and imidazothiazolyl, each optionally substituted with R.sup.7. In
some these embodiments, such groups are unsubstituted. In some
these embodiments, such groups are substituted with 1-3 R.sup.7,
which may be the same or different. In some embodiments, B is a 9-
to 10-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more
groups selected from halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.8, --C(O)OR.sup.8,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--OC(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, B is a 9- to
10-membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with halogen.
[0110] In some embodiments, R.sup.7 is independently selected from
the group consisting of halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.8, --C(O)OR.sup.8,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--OC(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.7 is
independently halogen, --CN, or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.7 is halogen. In
some embodiments, R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.7 is --CN.
[0111] In some embodiments, B is selected from the group consisting
of:
##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022## ##STR00023##
##STR00024##
[0112] In some embodiments, B is selected from the group consisting
of
##STR00025##
each of which is optionally substituted with R.sup.7. In some
embodiments, R.sup.7 is independently selected from the group
consisting of halogen, --CN, --OR.sup.8, --SR.sup.8,
--NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R.sup.8, --C(O)OR.sup.8,
--C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --C(O)NR.sup.8S(O).sub.2R.sup.9,
--OC(O)R.sup.8, --OC(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --NR.sup.8C(O)R.sup.9,
--NR.sup.8C(O)NR.sup.9R.sup.10, --S(O)R.sup.8, --S(O).sub.2R.sup.8,
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cycloalkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.7 is
independently halogen, --CN, or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.7 is halogen. In
some embodiments, R.sup.7 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl optionally
substituted by halogen. In some embodiments, R.sup.7 is --CN. In
some embodiments, B is substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 R.sup.7,
wherein at least one R.sup.7 is --CN.
[0113] In some embodiments, B is selected from the group consisting
of:
##STR00026##
In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I), (II), or (III), B
is
##STR00027##
In some embodiments, B is
##STR00028##
[0114] In the descriptions herein, it is understood that every
description, variation, embodiment or aspect of a moiety may be
combined with every description, variation, embodiment or aspect of
other moieties the same as if each and every combination of
descriptions is specifically and individually listed. For example,
every description, variation, embodiment or aspect provided herein
with respect to B of formula (I) may be combined with every
description, variation, embodiment or aspect of R.sup.2, R.sup.3,
R.sup.4, A the same as if each and every combination were
specifically and individually listed. It is also understood that
all descriptions, variations, embodiments or aspects of formula
(I), where applicable, apply equally to other formulae detailed
herein, and are equally described, the same as if each and every
description, variation, embodiment or aspect were separately and
individually listed for all formulae. For example, all
descriptions, variations, embodiments or aspects of formula (I),
where applicable, apply equally to any of related formulae such as
formula (I-1)-(I-7), II, (II-1)-(II-7), (III), and (III-1)-(III-7),
as detailed herein, and are equally described, the same as if each
and every description, variation, embodiment or aspect were
separately and individually listed for all formulae.
[0115] Also provided are salts of compounds referred to herein,
such as pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The invention also
includes any or all of the stereochemical forms, including any
enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms, and any tautomers or other
forms of the compounds described.
[0116] A compound as detailed herein may in one aspect be in a
purified form and compositions comprising a compound in purified
forms are detailed herein. Compositions comprising a compound as
detailed herein or a salt thereof are provided, such as
compositions of substantially pure compounds. In some embodiments,
a composition containing a compound as detailed herein or a salt
thereof is in substantially pure form. Unless otherwise stated,
"substantially pure" intends a composition that contains no more
than 35% impurity, wherein the impurity denotes a compound other
than the compound comprising the majority of the composition or a
salt thereof. In some embodiments, a composition of substantially
pure compound or a salt thereof is provided wherein the composition
contains no more than 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5% impurity. In some
embodiments, a composition of substantially pure compound or a salt
thereof is provided wherein the composition contains or no more
than 3%, 2%, 1% or 0.5% impurity.
[0117] Representative compounds are listed in Table 1. It is
understood that individual enantiomers and diastereomers if not
depicted are embraced herein and their corresponding structures can
be readily determined therefrom.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Compound No. Structure 1 ##STR00029## 2
##STR00030## 3 ##STR00031## 4 ##STR00032## 5 ##STR00033## 6
##STR00034## 7 ##STR00035## 8 ##STR00036## 9 ##STR00037## 10
##STR00038## 11 ##STR00039## 12 ##STR00040## 13 ##STR00041## 14
##STR00042## 15 ##STR00043## 16 ##STR00044## 17 ##STR00045## 18
##STR00046## 19 ##STR00047## 20 ##STR00048## 21 ##STR00049## 22
##STR00050## 23 ##STR00051## 24 ##STR00052## 25 ##STR00053## 26
##STR00054## 27 ##STR00055## 28 ##STR00056## 29 ##STR00057## 30
##STR00058## 31 ##STR00059## 32 ##STR00060## 33 ##STR00061## 34
##STR00062## 35 ##STR00063## 36 ##STR00064## 37 ##STR00065## 38
##STR00066## 39 ##STR00067## 40 ##STR00068## 41 ##STR00069## 42
##STR00070## 43 ##STR00071## 44 ##STR00072## 45 ##STR00073## 46
##STR00074## 47 ##STR00075## 48 ##STR00076## 49 ##STR00077## 50
##STR00078## 51 ##STR00079## 52 ##STR00080## 53 ##STR00081## 54
##STR00082## 55 ##STR00083## 56 ##STR00084## 57 ##STR00085## 58
##STR00086## 59 ##STR00087## 60 ##STR00088## 61 ##STR00089## 62
##STR00090## 63 ##STR00091## 64 ##STR00092## 65 ##STR00093## 66
##STR00094## 67 ##STR00095## 68 ##STR00096## 69 ##STR00097## 70
##STR00098## 71 ##STR00099## 72 ##STR00100## 73 ##STR00101## 74
##STR00102## 75 ##STR00103## 76 ##STR00104## 77 ##STR00105## 78
##STR00106## 79 ##STR00107## 80 ##STR00108## 81 ##STR00109## 82
##STR00110## 83 ##STR00111## 84 ##STR00112## 85 ##STR00113## 86
##STR00114## 87 ##STR00115## 88 ##STR00116## 89 ##STR00117## 90
##STR00118## 91 ##STR00119## 92 ##STR00120## 93 ##STR00121## 94
##STR00122## 95 ##STR00123## 96 ##STR00124## 97 ##STR00125## 98
##STR00126## 99 ##STR00127## 100 ##STR00128## 101 ##STR00129## 102
##STR00130## 103 ##STR00131## 104 ##STR00132## 105 ##STR00133## 106
##STR00134## 107 ##STR00135## 108 ##STR00136## 109 ##STR00137## 110
##STR00138## 111 ##STR00139## 112 ##STR00140## 113 ##STR00141## 114
##STR00142## 115 ##STR00143## 116 ##STR00144## 117 ##STR00145## 118
##STR00146## 119 ##STR00147## 120 ##STR00148## 121 ##STR00149## 122
##STR00150##
123 ##STR00151## 124 ##STR00152## 125 ##STR00153## 126 ##STR00154##
127 ##STR00155## 128 ##STR00156## 129 ##STR00157## 130 ##STR00158##
131 ##STR00159## 132 ##STR00160## 133 ##STR00161## 134 ##STR00162##
135 ##STR00163## 136 ##STR00164## 137 ##STR00165## 138 ##STR00166##
139 ##STR00167## 140 ##STR00168## 141 ##STR00169## 142 ##STR00170##
143 ##STR00171## 144 ##STR00172## 145 ##STR00173## 146 ##STR00174##
147 ##STR00175## 148 ##STR00176## 149 ##STR00177## 150 ##STR00178##
151 ##STR00179## 152 ##STR00180## 153 ##STR00181## 154 ##STR00182##
155 ##STR00183## 156 ##STR00184## 157 ##STR00185## 158 ##STR00186##
159 ##STR00187## 160 ##STR00188## 161 ##STR00189## 162 ##STR00190##
163 ##STR00191## 164 ##STR00192## 165 ##STR00193## 166 ##STR00194##
167 ##STR00195## 168 ##STR00196## 169 ##STR00197## 170 ##STR00198##
171 ##STR00199## 172 ##STR00200## 173 ##STR00201## 174 ##STR00202##
175 ##STR00203## 176 ##STR00204## 177 ##STR00205## 178 ##STR00206##
179 ##STR00207## 180 ##STR00208## 181 ##STR00209## 182 ##STR00210##
183 ##STR00211## 184 ##STR00212## 185 ##STR00213## 186 ##STR00214##
187 ##STR00215## 188 ##STR00216## 189 ##STR00217## 190 ##STR00218##
191 ##STR00219## 192 ##STR00220## 193 ##STR00221## 194 ##STR00222##
195 ##STR00223## 196 ##STR00224## 197 ##STR00225## 198 ##STR00226##
199 ##STR00227## 200 ##STR00228## 201 ##STR00229## 202 ##STR00230##
203 ##STR00231## 204 ##STR00232## 205 ##STR00233## 206 ##STR00234##
207 ##STR00235## 208 ##STR00236## 209 ##STR00237## 210 ##STR00238##
211 ##STR00239## 212 ##STR00240## 213 ##STR00241## 214 ##STR00242##
215 ##STR00243## 216 ##STR00244## 217 ##STR00245## 218 ##STR00246##
219 ##STR00247## 220 ##STR00248## 221 ##STR00249## 222 ##STR00250##
223 ##STR00251## 224 ##STR00252##
[0118] Additional representative compounds are listed in Table 2.
It is understood that individual enantiomers and diastereomers if
not depicted are embraced herein and their corresponding structures
can be readily determined therefrom.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Compound No. Structure 2-1 ##STR00253## 2-2
##STR00254## 2-3 ##STR00255## 2-4 ##STR00256## 2-5 ##STR00257## 2-6
##STR00258## 2-7 ##STR00259## 2-8 ##STR00260## 2-9 ##STR00261##
2-10 ##STR00262## 2-11 ##STR00263## 2-12 ##STR00264## 2-13
##STR00265## 2-14 ##STR00266## 2-15 ##STR00267## 2-16 ##STR00268##
2-17 ##STR00269## 2-18 ##STR00270## 2-19 ##STR00271## 2-20
##STR00272## 2-21 ##STR00273## 2-22 ##STR00274## 2-23 ##STR00275##
2-24 ##STR00276## 2-25 ##STR00277## 2-26 ##STR00278## 2-27
##STR00279## 2-28 ##STR00280##
[0119] In some embodiments, provided herein are compounds described
in Table 1, or a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, and uses thereof. In some
embodiments, provided herein are compounds described in Table 2, or
a tautomer or isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
of any of the foregoing, and uses thereof.
[0120] The embodiments and variations described herein are suitable
for compounds of any formulae detailed herein, where
applicable.
[0121] Representative examples of compounds detailed herein,
including intermediates and final compounds according to the
present disclosure are depicted herein. It is understood that in
one aspect, any of the compounds may be used in the methods
detailed herein, including, where applicable, intermediate
compounds that may be isolated and administered to an
individual.
[0122] The compounds depicted herein may be present as salts even
if salts are not depicted and it is understood that the present
disclosure embraces all salts and solvates of the compounds
depicted here, as well as the non-salt and non-solvate form of the
compound, as is well understood by the skilled artisan. In some
embodiments, the salts of the compounds provided herein are
pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Where one or more tertiary amine
moiety is present in the compound, the N-oxides are also provided
and described.
[0123] Where tautomeric forms may be present for any of the
compounds described herein, each and every tautomeric form is
intended even though only one or some of the tautomeric forms may
be explicitly depicted. The tautomeric forms specifically depicted
may or may not be the predominant forms in solution or when used
according to the methods described herein.
[0124] The present disclosure also includes any or all of the
stereochemical forms, including any enantiomeric or diastereomeric
forms of the compounds described. The structure or name is intended
to embrace all possible isomers of a compound depicted.
[0125] Additionally, the structure or name is intended to embrace
tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein. For example,
when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, the tautomer of Formula (II) is Formula
(IIa):
##STR00281##
Similarly, when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, the tautomer of Formula (III)
is Formula (IIIa):
##STR00282##
[0126] All forms of the compounds are also embraced by the
invention, such as crystalline or non-crystalline forms of the
compounds. Compositions comprising a compound of the invention are
also intended, such as a composition of substantially pure
compound, including a specific stereochemical form thereof, or a
composition comprising mixtures of compounds of the invention in
any ratio, including two or more stereochemical forms, such as in a
racemic or non-racemic mixture.
[0127] The invention also intends isotopically-labeled and/or
isotopically-enriched forms of compounds described herein. The
compounds herein may contain unnatural proportions of atomic
isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such
compounds. In some embodiments, the compound is
isotopically-labeled, such as an isotopically-labeled compound of
the formula (I) or variations thereof described herein, where a
fraction of one or more atoms are replaced by an isotope of the
same element. Exemplary isotopes that can be incorporated into
compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, such as .sup.2H,
.sup.3H, .sup.11C, .sup.13C, .sup.14C, .sup.13N, .sup.15O,
.sup.17O, .sup.32P, .sup.35S, .sup.18F, .sup.36Cl. Certain isotope
labeled compounds (e.g. .sup.3H and .sup.14C) are useful in
compound or substrate tissue distribution study. Incorporation of
heavier isotopes such as deuterium (.sup.2H) can afford certain
therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability,
for example, increased in vivo half-life, or reduced dosage
requirements and, hence may be preferred in some instances.
[0128] Isotopically-labeled compounds of the present invention can
generally be prepared by standard methods and techniques known to
those skilled in the art or by procedures similar to those
described in the accompanying Examples substituting appropriate
isotopically-labeled reagents in place of the corresponding
non-labeled reagent.
[0129] The invention also includes any or all metabolites of any of
the compounds described. The metabolites may include any chemical
species generated by a biotransformation of any of the compounds
described, such as intermediates and products of metabolism of the
compound, such as would be generated in vivo following
administration to a human.
[0130] Articles of manufacture comprising a compound described
herein, or a salt or solvate thereof, in a suitable container are
provided. The container may be a vial, jar, ampoule, preloaded
syringe, i.v. bag, and the like.
[0131] Preferably, the compounds detailed herein are orally
bioavailable. However, the compounds may also be formulated for
parenteral (e.g., intravenous) administration.
[0132] One or several compounds described herein can be used in the
preparation of a medicament by combining the compound or compounds
as an active ingredient with a pharmacologically acceptable
carrier, which are known in the art. Depending on the therapeutic
form of the medication, the carrier may be in various forms. In one
variation, the manufacture of a medicament is for use in any of the
methods disclosed herein, e.g., for the treatment of cancer.
General Synthetic Methods
[0133] The compounds of the invention may be prepared by a number
of processes as generally described below and more specifically in
the Examples hereinafter (such as the schemes provided in the
Examples below). In the following process descriptions, the symbols
when used in the formulae depicted are to be understood to
represent those groups described above in relation to the formulae
herein.
[0134] Where it is desired to obtain a particular enantiomer of a
compound, this may be accomplished from a corresponding mixture of
enantiomers using any suitable conventional procedure for
separating or resolving enantiomers. Thus, for example,
diastereomeric derivatives may be produced by reaction of a mixture
of enantiomers, e.g., a racemate, and an appropriate chiral
compound. The diastereomers may then be separated by any convenient
means, for example by crystallization and the desired enantiomer
recovered. In another resolution process, a racemate may be
separated using chiral High Performance Liquid Chromatography.
Alternatively, if desired a particular enantiomer may be obtained
by using an appropriate chiral intermediate in one of the processes
described.
[0135] Chromatography, recrystallization and other conventional
separation procedures may also be used with intermediates or final
products where it is desired to obtain a particular isomer of a
compound or to otherwise purify a product of a reaction.
[0136] Solvates and/or polymorphs of a compound provided herein or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are also contemplated.
Solvates contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric
amounts of a solvent, and are often formed during the process of
crystallization. Hydrates are formed when the solvent is water, or
alcoholates are formed when the solvent is alcohol. Polymorphs
include the different crystal packing arrangements of the same
elemental composition of a compound. Polymorphs usually have
different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, melting
points, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical
properties, stability, and/or solubility. Various factors such as
the recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, and storage
temperature may cause a single crystal form to dominate
[0137] In some embodiments, compounds of the formula (I) may be
synthesized according to Scheme 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
##STR00283##
wherein A and B are as defined for formula (I), or any variation
thereof detailed herein. It is understood that modifications of
Scheme 1 can be made, such as further substitution of the
structures depicted. Particular examples are provided in the
Example section below.
##STR00284##
wherein A and B are as defined for formula (I), or any variation
thereof detailed herein. It is understood that modifications of
Scheme 2 can be made, such as further substitution of the
structures depicted. Particular examples are provided in the
Example section below.
##STR00285##
wherein A B and R.sup.3 are as defined for formula (I), or any
variation thereof detailed herein. It is understood that
modifications of Scheme 3 can be made, such as further substitution
of the structures depicted. Particular examples are provided in the
Example section below.
##STR00286##
wherein A, B, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined for formula (I),
or any variation thereof detailed herein. It is understood that
modifications of Scheme 4 can be made, such as further substitution
of the structures depicted. Particular examples are provided in the
Example section below.
##STR00287##
wherein A, B and R.sup.2 are as defined for formula (I), or any
variation thereof detailed herein. It is understood that
modifications of Scheme 4 can be made, such as further substitution
of the structures depicted. Particular examples are provided in the
Example section below.
[0138] It is understood that General Synthetic Scheme 1, Scheme 2,
Scheme 3, Scheme 4, Scheme 5 and present synthetic routes involving
steps clearly familiar to those skilled in the art, wherein the
substituents described in compounds of formula (I) herein can be
varied with a choice of appropriate starting materials and reagents
utilized in the steps presented.
Pharmaceutical Compositions and Formulations
[0139] Pharmaceutical compositions of any of the compounds detailed
herein are embraced by this disclosure. Thus, the present
disclosure includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a
compound as detailed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In
one aspect, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is an acid
addition salt, such as a salt formed with an inorganic or organic
acid. Pharmaceutical compositions may take a form suitable for
oral, buccal, parenteral, nasal, topical or rectal administration
or a form suitable for administration by inhalation.
[0140] A compound as detailed herein may in one aspect be in a
purified form and compositions comprising a compound in purified
forms are detailed herein. Compositions comprising a compound as
detailed herein or a salt thereof are provided, such as
compositions of substantially pure compounds. In some embodiments,
a composition containing a compound as detailed herein or a salt
thereof is in substantially pure form.
[0141] In one variation, the compounds herein are synthetic
compounds prepared for administration to an individual. In another
variation, compositions are provided containing a compound in
substantially pure form. In another variation, the present
disclosure embraces pharmaceutical compositions comprising a
compound detailed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In another variation, methods of administering a compound are
provided. The purified forms, pharmaceutical compositions and
methods of administering the compounds are suitable for any
compound or form thereof detailed herein.
[0142] A compound detailed herein or salt thereof may be formulated
for any available delivery route, including an oral, mucosal (e.g.,
nasal, sublingual, vaginal, buccal or rectal), parenteral (e.g.,
intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous), topical or transdermal
delivery form. A compound or salt thereof may be formulated with
suitable carriers to provide delivery forms that include, but are
not limited to, tablets, caplets, capsules (such as hard gelatin
capsules or soft elastic gelatin capsules), cachets, troches,
lozenges, gums, dispersions, suppositories, ointments, cataplasms
(poultices), pastes, powders, dressings, creams, solutions,
patches, aerosols (e.g., nasal spray or inhalers), gels,
suspensions (e.g., aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspensions,
oil-in-water emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions), solutions
and elixirs.
[0143] One or several compounds described herein or a salt thereof
can be used in the preparation of a formulation, such as a
pharmaceutical formulation, by combining the compound or compounds,
or a salt thereof, as an active ingredient with a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier, such as those mentioned above. Depending on the
therapeutic form of the system (e.g., transdermal patch vs. oral
tablet), the carrier may be in various forms. In addition,
pharmaceutical formulations may contain preservatives,
solubilizers, stabilizers, re-wetting agents, emulgators,
sweeteners, dyes, adjusters, and salts for the adjustment of
osmotic pressure, buffers, coating agents or antioxidants.
Formulations comprising the compound may also contain other
substances which have valuable therapeutic properties.
Pharmaceutical formulations may be prepared by known pharmaceutical
methods. Suitable formulations can be found, e.g., in Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia,
Pa., 20.sup.th ed. (2000), which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0144] Compounds as described herein may be administered to
individuals in a form of generally accepted oral compositions, such
as tablets, coated tablets, and gel capsules in a hard or in soft
shell, emulsions or suspensions. Examples of carriers, which may be
used for the preparation of such compositions, are lactose, corn
starch or its derivatives, talc, stearate or its salts, etc.
Acceptable carriers for gel capsules with soft shell are, for
instance, plant oils, wax, fats, semisolid and liquid poly-ols, and
so on. In addition, pharmaceutical formulations may contain
preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, re-wetting agents,
emulgators, sweeteners, dyes, adjusters, and salts for the
adjustment of osmotic pressure, buffers, coating agents or
antioxidants.
[0145] Any of the compounds described herein can be formulated in a
tablet in any dosage form described, for example, a compound as
described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can
be formulated as a 10 mg tablet.
[0146] Compositions comprising a compound provided herein are also
described. In one variation, the composition comprises a compound
or salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or
excipient. In another variation, a composition of substantially
pure compound is provided.
Methods of Use
[0147] Compounds and compositions detailed herein, such as a
pharmaceutical composition containing a compound of any formula
provided herein or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier or excipient, may be used in methods of administration and
treatment as provided herein. The compounds and compositions may
also be used in in vitro methods, such as in vitro methods of
administering a compound or composition to cells for screening
purposes and/or for conducting quality control assays.
[0148] Provided herein is a method of treating a disease in an
individual comprising administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or any embodiment, variation or aspect
thereof (collectively, a compound of formula (I) or the present
compounds or the compounds detailed or described herein) or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the individual. In
some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a disease
mediated by a G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway in an
individual comprising administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the individual.
In some embodiments, the disease is mediated by a class A G protein
coupled receptor. In some embodiments, the disease is mediated by a
class B G protein coupled receptor. In some embodiments, the
disease is mediated by a class C G protein coupled receptor. In
some embodiments, the G protein coupled receptor is a purinergic G
protein receptor. In some embodiments, the G protein coupled
receptor is an adenosine receptor, such as any of the A.sub.1,
A.sub.2A, A.sub.2B, and A.sub.3 receptors.
[0149] The present compounds or salts thereof are believed to be
effective for treating a variety of diseases and disorders. For
example, in some embodiments, the present compositions may be used
to treat a proliferative disease, such as cancer. In some
embodiments the cancer is a solid tumor. In some embodiments the
cancer is any of adult and pediatric oncology, myxoid and round
cell carcinoma, locally advanced tumors, metastatic cancer, human
soft tissue sarcomas, including Ewing's sarcoma, cancer metastases,
including lymphatic metastases, squamous cell carcinoma,
particularly of the head and neck, esophageal squamous cell
carcinoma, oral carcinoma, blood cell malignancies, including
multiple myeloma, leukemias, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia,
chronic myelocytic leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia, effusion
lymphomas (body cavity based lymphomas), thymic lymphoma lung
cancer, including small cell carcinoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma,
Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancer of the adrenal
cortex, ACTH-producing tumors, nonsmall cell cancers, breast
cancer, including small cell carcinoma and ductal carcinoma,
gastrointestinal cancers, including stomach cancer, colon cancer,
colorectal cancer, polyps associated with colorectal neoplasia,
pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, urological cancers, including
bladder cancer, including primary superficial bladder tumors,
invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and
muscle-invasive bladder cancer, prostate cancer, malignancies of
the female genital tract, including ovarian carcinoma, primary
peritoneal epithelial neoplasms, cervical carcinoma, uterine
endometrial cancers, vaginal cancer, cancer of the vulva, uterine
cancer and solid tumors in the ovarian follicle, malignancies of
the male genital tract, including testicular cancer and penile
cancer, kidney cancer, including renal cell carcinoma, brain
cancer, including intrinsic brain tumors, neuroblastoma, astrocytic
brain tumors, gliomas, metastatic tumor cell invasion in the
central nervous system, bone cancers, including osteomas and
osteosarcomas, skin cancers, including melanoma, tumor progression
of human skin keratinocytes, squamous cell cancer, thyroid cancer,
retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, peritoneal effusion, malignant
pleural effusion, mesothelioma, Wilms's tumors, gall bladder
cancer, trophoblastic neoplasms, hemangiopericytoma, and Kaposi's
sarcoma.
[0150] In some embodiments, the present compounds or salts thereof
are used in treatment of tumors which produce high levels of ATP
and/or adenosine. For example, in some embodiments the
extracellular concentration of adenosine is 10-20 times higher in
the tumor compared to adjacent tissue. In some embodiments, the
present compounds or salts thereof are used in treatment of tumors
that express high levels of an ectonucleotidase. In some
embodiments, the ectonucleotidase is CD39. In some embodiments, the
ectonucleotidase is CD73.
[0151] Also provided herein is a method of enhancing an immune
response in an individual in need thereof comprising administering
an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or any variation
thereof detailed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, to the individual. Adenosine receptors are known to play
an immunosuppressive role in cancer biology. High levels of
adenosine present in the tumor microenvironment bind to adenosine
receptors on immune cells to provide an immunosuppressive
microenvironment. Specifically, binding of adenosine to the
A.sub.2A receptor provides an immunosuppressive signal that
inhibits T cell proliferation, cytokine production and
cytotoxicity. The A.sub.2A receptor signaling has been implicated
in adenosine-mediated inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity, NKT cell
cytokine production and CD40L upregulation. Therefore, use of an
A.sub.2A receptor antagonist, such as those provided herein, may
reverse the immunosuppressive effect of adenosine on immune cells.
In some embodiments, the immune response is enhanced by a compound
of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof enhancing activity of natural killer (NK) cells. In some
embodiments, the present compounds or salts thereof increase NK
cell-meditated cytotoxicity. In some embodiments, the immune
response is enhanced by enhancing the activity of CD8.sup.+T cells.
In some embodiments, the present compounds or salts thereof cause
an inflammatory response in the tumor microenvironment.
[0152] The present disclosure further provides a method of
increasing the activity of a natural killer cell in an individual
comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the individual. In
some of these embodiments, the present compounds or salts thereof
increase NK cell-meditated cytotoxicity. In some embodiments, a
compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or
a salt thereof increases the number of NK cells.
[0153] A compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed
herein or a salt thereof may be useful for modulating the activity
of G protein receptor coupled signaling pathway proteins. In some
embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof
detailed herein or a salt thereof activates a G protein receptor
coupled signaling pathway protein (i.e. is an agonist of a G
protein receptor). In some embodiments, a compound of formula (I)
or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof inhibits
a G protein receptor coupled signaling pathway protein (i.e., is a
G protein receptor antagonist). In some embodiments, a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof is an adenosine receptor antagonist. In some embodiments, a
compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or
a salt thereof is an antagonist of any of the A.sub.1, A.sub.2A,
A.sub.2B, and A.sub.3 receptors.
[0154] Accordingly, also provided herein is a method of modulating
the activity of an A.sub.2A receptor in an individual comprising
administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof to an individual. In some embodiments a
compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or
a salt thereof is an A.sub.2A receptor antagonist. In some
embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof
detailed herein or a salt thereof reduces A.sub.2A receptor
signaling by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%,
91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. In some
embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof
detailed herein or a salt thereof reduces A.sub.2A receptor
signaling by 40-99%, 50-99%, 60-99%, 70-99%, 80-99%, 90-99%, or
95-99%. In some of these embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof binds to
the A.sub.2A receptor with an IC.sub.50 of less than 1 .mu.M, less
than 900 nM, less than 800 nM, less than 700 nM, less than 600 nM,
less than 500 nM, less than 400 nM, less than 300 nM, less than 200
nM, less than 100 nM, less than 10 nM, less than 1 nM or less than
100 pM. In some embodiments, [compound x] binds to the A.sub.2A
receptor with an IC.sub.50 of 500 nM to 100 pM, 400 nM to 100 pM,
300 nM to 100 pM, 200 nM to 100 pM, or 100 nM to 100 pM.
[0155] Also provided herein is a method of modulating the activity
of an A.sub.2B receptor in an individual comprising administering
an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or any variation
thereof detailed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof to an individual. In some embodiments a compound of formula
(I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof is
an A.sub.2B receptor antagonist. In some embodiments, a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof reduces A.sub.2B receptor signaling by at least 10%, 20%,
30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%,
97%, 98%, or 99%. In some embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof reduces
A.sub.2B receptor signaling by 40-99%, 50-99%, 60-99%, 70-99%,
80-99%, 90-99%, or 95-99%. In some of these embodiments, a compound
of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof binds to the A.sub.2B receptor with an IC.sub.50 of less
than 1 less than 900 nM, less than 800 nM, less than 700 nM, less
than 600 nM, less than 500 nM, less than 400 nM, less than 300 nM,
less than 200 nM, less than 100 nM, less than 10 nM, less than 1 nM
or less than 100 pM. In some embodiments, a compound of formula (I)
or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof binds to
the A.sub.2B receptor with an IC.sub.50 of 500 nM to 100 pM, 400 nM
to 100 pM, 300 nM to 100 pM, 200 nM to 100 pM, or 100 nM to 100
pM.
[0156] Also provided herein is a method of modulating the activity
of an A.sub.3 receptor in an individual comprising administering an
effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or any variation
thereof detailed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof to an individual. In some embodiments a compound of formula
(I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof is
an A.sub.3 receptor antagonist. In some embodiments, a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof reduces A.sub.3 receptor signaling by at least 10%, 20%,
30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%,
97%, 98%, or 99%. In some embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof reduces
A.sub.3 receptor signaling by 40-99%, 50-99%, 60-99%, 70-99%,
80-99%, 90-99%, or 95-99%. In some of these embodiments, a compound
of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof binds to the A.sub.3 receptor with an IC.sub.50 of less
than 1 .mu.M, less than 900 nM, less than 800 nM, less than 700 nM,
less than 600 nM, less than 500 nM, less than 400 nM, less than 300
nM, less than 200 nM, less than 100 nM, less than 10 nM, less than
1 nM or less than 100 pM. In some embodiments, a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof binds to the A.sub.3 receptor with an IC.sub.50 of 500 nM
to 100 pM, 400 nM to 100 pM, 300 nM to 100 pM, 200 nM to 100 pM, or
100 nM to 100 pM.
[0157] In some embodiments, the present invention comprises a
method of inhibiting tumor metastasis in an individual in need
thereof comprising administering a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, to the individual. In some embodiments, the
metastasis is to the lung, liver, lymph node, bone, adrenal gland,
brain, peritoneum, muscle, or vagina. In some embodiments, a
compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or
a salt thereof inhibits metastasis of melanoma cells. In some
embodiments, the present disclosure includes a method of delaying
tumor metastasis comprising administering a compound of formula (I)
or any variation thereof detailed herein, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, to the individual. In some of these
embodiments, the time to metastasis is delayed by 1 month, 2 months
3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 12 months, or more, upon
treatment with the compounds of the present invention.
[0158] In some embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof is used to
treat an individual having a proliferative disease, such as cancer
as described herein. In some embodiments, the individual is at risk
of developing a proliferative disease, such as cancer. In some of
these embodiments, the individual is determined to be at risk of
developing cancer based upon one or more risk factors. In some of
these embodiments, the risk factor is a family history and/or gene
associated with cancer. In some embodiments, the individual has a
cancer that expresses a high level of a nucleotide metabolizing
enzyme. In some embodiments, the nucleotide metabolizing enzyme is
a nucleotidase, such as CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase, Ecto5'NTase).
In some of these embodiments, the individual has a cancer that
expresses a high level of a nucleotidase, such as CD73. In any of
these embodiments, the nucleotide metabolizing enzyme is an
ecto-nucleotidase. In some embodiments, the ecto-nucleotidase
degrades adenosine monophosphate. In some embodiments, the
nucleotide metabolizing enzyme is CD39 (ecto-nucleoside
triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, E-NTPDase1). In some of these
embodiments, the individual has a cancer that expresses a high
level of CD39. In some embodiments, the individual has a cancer
that expresses a high level of an adenosine receptor, such as the
A.sub.2A receptor.
Combination Therapy
[0159] As provided herein, the presently disclosed compounds or a
salt thereof may activate the immune system by modulating the
activity of a G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, for
example acting as an A.sub.2A receptor antagonist, which results in
significant anti-tumor effects. Accordingly, the present compounds
or a salt thereof may be used in combination with other anti-cancer
agents to enhance tumor immunotherapy. In some embodiments,
provided herein is a method of treating a disease mediated by a G
protein coupled receptor signaling pathway in an individual
comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an additional
therapeutic agent to the individual. In some embodiments, the
disease mediated by a G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
is a proliferative disease such as cancer.
[0160] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a
cancer immunotherapy. In some embodiments, the additional
therapeutic agent is an immunostimulatory agent. In some
embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent targets a checkpoint
protein. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is
effective to stimulate, enhance or improve an immune response
against a tumor.
[0161] In another aspect, provided herein is a combination therapy
in which a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof
detailed herein is coadministered (which may be separately or
simultaneously) with one or more additional agents that are
effective in stimulating immune responses to thereby further
enhance, stimulate or upregulate immune responses in a subject. For
example, provided is a method for stimulating an immune response in
a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof and one or more immunostimulatory antibodies, such as an
anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody and/or an anti-CTLA-4
antibody, such that an immune response is stimulated in the
subject, for example to inhibit tumor growth. As another example,
provided is a method for stimulating an immune response in a
subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof and one or more immunostimulatory antibodies or
immunotherapy like Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy;
immunostimulatory antibodies, such as an anti-PD-1 antibody, an
anti-PD-L1 antibody and/or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, such that an
immune response is stimulated in the subject, for example to
inhibit tumor growth. In one embodiment, the subject is
administered a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof
detailed herein or a salt thereof and an anti-PD-1 antibody. In
another embodiment, the subject is administered a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof and an anti-PD-L1 antibody. In yet another embodiment, the
subject is administered a compound of formula (I) or any variation
thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof and an anti-CTLA-4
antibody. In another embodiment, the immunostimulatory antibody
(e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 antibody) is a
human antibody. Alternatively, the immunostimulatory antibody can
be, for example, a chimeric or humanized antibody (e.g., prepared
from a mouse anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 antibody). In
another embodiment, the subject is administered a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof and CAR T-cells (genetically modified T cells).
[0162] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method
for treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer), comprising
administering a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof
detailed herein or a salt thereof and an anti-PD-1 antibody to a
subject. In further embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof is administered
at a subtherapeutic dose, the anti-PD-1 antibody is administered at
a subtherapeutic dose, or both are administered at a subtherapeutic
dose. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a
method for altering an adverse event associated with treatment of a
hyperproliferative disease with an immunostimulatory agent,
comprising administering a compound of formula (I) or any variation
thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof and a subtherapeutic dose
of anti-PD-1 antibody to a subject. In certain embodiments, the
subject is human. In certain embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is
a human sequence monoclonal antibody
[0163] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method
for treating a hyperproliferative disease (e.g., cancer),
comprising administering a compound of formula (I) or any variation
thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof and an anti-PD-L1
antibody to a subject. In further embodiments, a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof is administered at a subtherapeutic dose, the anti-PD-L1
antibody is administered at a subtherapeutic dose, or both are
administered at a subtherapeutic dose. In another embodiment, the
present invention provides a method for altering an adverse event
associated with treatment of a hyperproliferative disease with an
immunostimulatory agent, comprising administering a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof and a subtherapeutic dose of anti-PD-L1 antibody to a
subject. In certain embodiments, the subject is human. In certain
embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is a human sequence monoclonal
antibody.
[0164] In certain embodiments, the combination of therapeutic
agents discussed herein can be administered concurrently as a
single composition in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, or
concurrently as separate compositions each in a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the combination of
therapeutic agents can be administered sequentially. For example,
an anti-CTLA-4 antibody and a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof can be
administered sequentially, such as anti-CTLA-4 antibody being
administered first and a compound of formula (I) or any variation
thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof second, or a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof being administered first and anti-CTLA-4 antibody second.
Additionally or alternatively, an anti-PD-1 antibody and a compound
of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof can be administered sequentially, such as anti-PD-1
antibody being administered first and a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof second, or
a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein
or a salt thereof being administered first and anti-PD-1 antibody
second. Additionally or alternatively, an anti-PD-L1 antibody and a
compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or
a salt thereof can be administered sequentially, such as anti-PD-L1
antibody being administered first and a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof second, or
a compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein
or a salt thereof being administered first and anti-PD-L1 antibody
second.
[0165] Furthermore, if more than one dose of the combination
therapy is administered sequentially, the order of the sequential
administration can be reversed or kept in the same order at each
time point of administration, sequential administrations can be
combined with concurrent administrations, or any combination
thereof.
[0166] Optionally, the combination of a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof can be
further combined with an immunogenic agent, such as cancerous
cells, purified tumor antigens (including recombinant proteins,
peptides, and carbohydrate molecules), cells, and cells transfected
with genes encoding immune stimulating cytokines.
[0167] A compound of formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed
herein or a salt thereof can also be further combined with standard
cancer treatments. For example, a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof can be
effectively combined with chemotherapeutic regimes. In these
instances, it is possible to reduce the dose of other
chemotherapeutic reagent administered with the combination of the
instant disclosure (Mokyr et al. (1998) Cancer Research 58:
5301-5304). Other combination therapies with a compound of formula
(I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof
include radiation, surgery, or hormone deprivation. Angiogenesis
inhibitors can also be combined with a compound of formula (I) or
any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof. Inhibition
of angiogenesis leads to tumor cell death, which can be a source of
tumor antigen fed into host antigen presentation pathways.
[0168] In another example, a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof can be used in
conjunction with anti-neoplastic antibodies. By way of example and
not wishing to be bound by theory, treatment with an anti-cancer
antibody or an anti-cancer antibody conjugated to a toxin can lead
to cancer cell death (e.g., tumor cells) which would potentiate an
immune response mediated by CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1 or a compound of
formula (I) or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt
thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, a treatment of a
hyperproliferative disease (e.g., a cancer tumor) can include an
anti-cancer antibody in combination with a compound of formula (I)
or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof and
anti-CTLA-4 and/or anti-PD-1 and/or anti-PD-L1 antibodies,
concurrently or sequentially or any combination thereof, which can
potentiate anti-tumor immune responses by the host. Other
antibodies that can be used to activate host immune responsiveness
can be further used in combination with a compound of formula (I)
or any variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof.
[0169] In some embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof can be combined
with an anti-CD73 therapy, such as an anti-CD73 antibody.
[0170] In some embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof can be combined
with an anti-CD39 therapy, such as an anti-CD39 antibody.
[0171] In yet further embodiments, a compound of formula (I) or any
variation thereof detailed herein or a salt thereof is administered
in combination another G protein receptor antagonist, such as an
adenosine A.sub.1 and/or A.sub.3 antagonist.
Dosing and Method of Administration
[0172] The dose of a compound administered to an individual (such
as a human) may vary with the particular compound or salt thereof,
the method of administration, and the particular disease, such as
type and stage of cancer, being treated. In some embodiments, the
amount of the compound or salt thereof is a therapeutically
effective amount.
[0173] The effective amount of the compound may in one aspect be a
dose of between about 0.01 and about 100 mg/kg. Effective amounts
or doses of the compounds of the invention may be ascertained by
routine methods, such as modeling, dose escalation, or clinical
trials, taking into account routine factors, e.g., the mode or
route of administration or drug delivery, the pharmacokinetics of
the agent, the severity and course of the disease to be treated,
the subject's health status, condition, and weight. An exemplary
dose is in the range of about from about 0.7 mg to 7 g daily, or
about 7 mg to 350 mg daily, or about 350 mg to 1.75 g daily, or
about 1.75 to 7 g daily.
[0174] Any of the methods provided herein may in one aspect
comprise administering to an individual a pharmaceutical
composition that contains an effective amount of a compound
provided herein or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable
excipient.
[0175] A compound or composition of the invention may be
administered to an individual in accordance with an effective
dosing regimen for a desired period of time or duration, such as at
least about one month, at least about 2 months, at least about 3
months, at least about 6 months, or at least about 12 months or
longer, which in some variations may be for the duration of the
individual's life. In one variation, the compound is administered
on a daily or intermittent schedule. The compound can be
administered to an individual continuously (for example, at least
once daily) over a period of time. The dosing frequency can also be
less than once daily, e.g., about a once weekly dosing. The dosing
frequency can be more than once daily, e.g., twice or three times
daily. The dosing frequency can also be intermittent, including a
`drug holiday` (e.g., once daily dosing for 7 days followed by no
doses for 7 days, repeated for any 14 day time period, such as
about 2 months, about 4 months, about 6 months or more). Any of the
dosing frequencies can employ any of the compounds described herein
together with any of the dosages described herein.
[0176] The compounds provided herein or a salt thereof may be
administered to an individual via various routes, including, e.g.,
intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral and transdermal. A
compound provided herein can be administered frequently at low
doses, known as `metronomic therapy,` or as part of a maintenance
therapy using compound alone or in combination with one or more
additional drugs. Metronomic therapy or maintenance therapy can
comprise administration of a compound provided herein in cycles.
Metronomic therapy or maintenance therapy can comprise
intra-tumoral administration of a compound provided herein.
[0177] In one aspect, the invention provides a method of treating
cancer in an individual by parenterally administering to the
individual (e.g., a human) an effective amount of a compound or
salt thereof. In some embodiments, the route of administration is
intravenous, intra-arterial, intramuscular, or subcutaneous. In
some embodiments, the route of administration is oral. In still
other embodiments, the route of administration is transdermal.
[0178] The invention also provides compositions (including
pharmaceutical compositions) as described herein for the use in
treating, preventing, and/or delaying the onset and/or development
of cancer and other methods described herein. In certain
embodiments, the composition comprises a pharmaceutical formulation
which is present in a unit dosage form.
[0179] Also provided are articles of manufacture comprising a
compound of the disclosure or a salt thereof, composition, and unit
dosages described herein in suitable packaging for use in the
methods described herein. Suitable packaging is known in the art
and includes, for example, vials, vessels, ampules, bottles, jars,
flexible packaging and the like. An article of manufacture may
further be sterilized and/or sealed.
Kits
[0180] The present disclosure further provides kits for carrying
out the methods of the invention, which comprises one or more
compounds described herein or a composition comprising a compound
described herein. The kits may employ any of the compounds
disclosed herein. In one variation, the kit employs a compound
described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The
kits may be used for any one or more of the uses described herein,
and, accordingly, may contain instructions for the treatment of
cancer.
[0181] Kits generally comprise suitable packaging. The kits may
comprise one or more containers comprising any compound described
herein. Each component (if there is more than one component) can be
packaged in separate containers or some components can be combined
in one container where cross-reactivity and shelf life permit.
[0182] The kits may be in unit dosage forms, bulk packages (e.g.,
multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. For example, kits may be
provided that contain sufficient dosages of a compound as disclosed
herein and/or a second pharmaceutically active compound useful for
a disease detailed herein (e.g., hypertension) to provide effective
treatment of an individual for an extended period, such as any of a
week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, 4
months, 5 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, or more. Kits may
also include multiple unit doses of the compounds and instructions
for use and be packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and
use in pharmacies (e.g., hospital pharmacies and compounding
pharmacies).
[0183] The kits may optionally include a set of instructions,
generally written instructions, although electronic storage media
(e.g., magnetic diskette or optical disk) containing instructions
are also acceptable, relating to the use of component(s) of the
methods of the present invention. The instructions included with
the kit generally include information as to the components and
their administration to an individual.
[0184] The invention can be further understood by reference to the
following examples, which are provided by way of illustration and
are not meant to be limiting.
EXAMPLES
Synthetic Examples
Example S-1: Synthesis of
6-(1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-
(1H)-one (Compound No. 1)
##STR00288##
[0186] Step-1: Synthesis of
(E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one: A mixture of DMF DMA
(21.9 g, 300 mmol, 3.6 equiv) and acetophenone (10.0 g, 1.0 equiv,
83 mmol) was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The reaction
mixture was then cooled to RT and diluted with cold water. The
yellow precipitates were filtered under vacuum and washed with
excess water followed by hexane. The yellow solid (6 g) was used as
such for next step without further purification. LCMS: 176
[M+1].sup.+
[0187] Step-2: Synthesis of ethyl 2-cyanoacetimidate: To a solution
of malononitrile (10 g, 151.52 mmol) in diethyl ether (60 mL) was
cooled to 0.degree. C. To this reaction mixture was ethanol (7.0 g,
151.52 mmol, 1 equiv) added 2M HCl in diethyl ether (40 mL) and the
reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 10.degree. C. for 16 h. The
precipitates formed were filtered and the solid was washed with
ether and dried to give the desired product (6 g, 36%).
[0188] Step-3: Synthesis of 2-amino-6-phenylnicotinonitrile: To a
solution of (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (3.0 g,
18.18 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was added ethyl 2-cyanoethanimidate
hydrochloride (3.2 g, 1.2 equiv, 21.82 mmol) and ammonium acetate
(14 g, 181.8 mmol, 10 equiv) and the reaction mixture was allowed
to stir at 85.degree. C. for 16 h. Progress of the reaction was
monitored by 41 NMR. Reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted
with cold water (250 mL) and the solid was filtered. The solid was
washed with hexane and dried under vacuum to afford 2.9 g (78%) of
desired product. LCMS: 196 [M+1].sup.+
[0189] Step-4: Synthesis of
2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenylnicotinonitrile: To a stirred solution of
2-amino-6-phenyl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (2.80 g, 14.36 mmol, 1.0
equiv) in DMF (40 mL) was added NBS portion wise (2.56 g, 14.36
mmol, 1.0 equiv). The resulting solution was poured over ice to get
the precipitates which were filtered under vacuum, washed with
excess water and vacuum dried to get the desired product (3 g)
which was used as such for next step without further purification.
LCMS: 274 [M+1].sup.+
[0190] Step-5: Synthesis of
1-(2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-3-pyridyl)ethanone: To a stirred
solution of 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (2.0
g, 7.30 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (60 mL) was added 3M MeMgBr in diethyl
ether (11.0 g, 146.9 mmol, 20.0 equiv) at 0.degree. C. The
resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 50.degree. C. for 16 h.
Reaction mixture was then cooled to 0.degree. C. and quenched by
adding dilute HCl. The acidic reaction mixture was neutralized by
using aq. sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted by using ethyl
acetate (2.times.75 mL). The combined organic layers were washed
(brine), dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under
vacuum to get the light green solid (2.0 g, 94%) which was used as
such for next step without further purification. LCMS: 291
[M+1].sup.+
[0191] Step-6: Synthesis of
6-bromo-7-phenyl-1H-1,8-naphthyridin-4-one: To a solution of
1-(2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-3-pyridyl)ethanone (2.0 g, 6.89 mmol,
1.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL) was added DMF DMA (1.5 g, 20.68 mmol, 3.0
equiv). The reaction mixture was warmed to 100.degree. C. After
stirring for 3 h, Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (4.5 g, 13.78 mmol, 2.0 equiv)
was added and the reaction was stirred for 16 h at 100.degree. C.
The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and diluted with
cold water. The resulting precipitates were filtered, washed with
excess water and vacuum dried. The solid obtained was purified by
normal phase silica gel flash chromatography to get the yellow
solid (0.250 g, 12%). LCMS: 301 [M+1].sup.+
[0192] Step-7: Synthesis of
6-(1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-
(1H)-one: To a stirred solution of
6-bromo-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (0.110 g, 0.36 mmol,
1.0 eq) and
1-isopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(-
1H)-one (0.105 g, 0.40 mmol, 1.1 eq) in dioxane (4 mL) was added
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.08 g, 0.73 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 2 mL water. The
reaction was purged with N.sub.2 for 5 min. To this reaction
mixture was added with Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2.DCM complex (0.015 g, 5 mol
%) and N.sub.2 was purged again for another 5 min. The reaction
mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture
was allowed to cool to RT and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed (brine),
dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under vacuum to
get the solid residue which was purified by reversed phase column
chromatography to get the desired product as off white solid (0.01
g, 8%) LCMS: 358 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 12.33 (s, 1H), 8.40 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H),
7.33-7.50 (m, 6H), 7.27 (dd, J=2.45, 9.29 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J=9.29
Hz, 1H), 6.14 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 4.98-4.92 (m, 1H), 1.07 (d,
J=6.85 Hz, 6H).
Example S-2: Synthesis of
6-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-phenyl-1,8-napht-
hyridin-4(1H)-one. (Compound No. 7)
##STR00289##
[0194] Step-1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2(1H)-one: To a
stirred solution of 5-bromopyridin-2(1H)-one (2.0 g, 0.011 mol, 1.0
eq) in ACN (40 mL) was added NCS (1.69 g, 0.013 mol, 1.1 eq) and
the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 60.degree. C. for 3 h.
Progress of reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After
completion, the reaction was added with cold water and extracted
using ethyl acetate (100 mL.times.3). The combined organic layers
were washed (brine), dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and
concentrated under vacuum to get the solid residue which was
purified by normal phase column chromatography to get the desired
product as off white solid (1.10 g, 48%) LCMS: 208 [M+1].sup.+;
[0195] Step-2: Synthesis of
5-bromo-3-chloro-1-isopropylpyridin-2(1H)-one: To a stirred
solution of 5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2(1H)-one (0.90 g, 0.0043 mol,
1.0 eq) in DMF (15 mL) was added K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (1.79 g, 0.013
mol, 3.0 eq). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and
isopropyl bromide (0.53 g, 0.0043 mol, 1.0) was added drop-wise
under nitrogen. The reaction was allowed to stir at RT for 4 h,
following this cold water was added to the reaction mixture and
extraction was carried out using ethyl acetate (50 mL.times.3). The
combined organic layers were washed (brine), dried (anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under vacuum to get the crude
product which was purified by normal phase column chromatography to
get the desired product (220 mg, 23%) LCMS: 250 [M+1].sup.+;
[0196] Step-3: Synthesis of
3-chloro-1-isopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyrid-
in-2(1H)-one: To the stirred solution of
5-bromo-3-chloro-1-isopropylpyridin-2(1H)-one (0.250 g, 1.0 mmol,
1.0 eq) in dioxane (5 mL) was added bis(pinacolato)diboron(0.38 g,
0.0015 mol, 1.5 eq) and KOAc (0.29 g, 0.003 mol, 3.0 eq). The
reaction was purged with N.sub.2 for 5 min. To this reaction
mixture was added Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2DCM (0.040 g, 5 mol %) and
N.sub.2 was purged again for 5 more mins. The reaction mixture was
allowed to stir for 16 h at 100.degree. C. Progress of reaction was
monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion, reaction was extracted
using ethyl acetate (25 mL.times.3). The combined organic layers
were washed (brine), dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and
concentrated under vacuum to get the crude product which was
purified by normal phase column chromatography to get the desired
product as off white solid (160 mg, 54%) LCMS: 298 [M+1].sup.+;
[0197] Step-4: Synthesis of
6-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-phenyl-1,8-napht-
hyridin-4(1H)-one: To a stirred solution of
6-bromo-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (0.08 g, 0.26 mmol, 1.0
eq) and
3-chloro-1-isopropyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)p-
yridin-2(1H)-one (0.09 g, 0.29 mmol, 1.1 eq) in dioxane (4 mL) was
added Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.06 g, 0.54 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 2 mL water.
The reaction was purged with N.sub.2 for 5 min. To this reaction
mixture was added with Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2.DCM complex (0.011 g, 5 mol
%) and N.sub.2 was purged again for another 5 min. The reaction
mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture
was allowed to cool to RT and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed (brine),
dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under vacuum to
get the solid residue which was purified by normal phase column
chromatography to get the desired product as off white solid (5 mg,
5%). LCMS: 392 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 12.33 (br. s., 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.98 (br. s., 1H), 7.65
(br. s., 1H), 7.51 (br. s., 1H), 7.32-7.48 (m, 5H), 6.15 (d, J=7.89
Hz, 1H), 4.89-5.05 (m, 1H), 1.09 (d, J=6.58 Hz, 6H).
Example S-3: Synthesis of
N-(2-chloro-6-methyl-4-(5-oxo-2-phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)-
phenyl)methanesulfonamide (Compound No. 45)
##STR00290##
[0199] Step-1: Synthesis of
N-(4-bromo-2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)methanesulfonamide: To a stirred
solution of 4-bromo-2-chloro-6-methylaniline (0.50 g, 2.26 mmol,
1.0 eq) in pyridine (10 mL) was added methane sulfonyl chloride
(0.21 mL, 2.72 mmol, 1.2 eq) drop-wise at 0.degree. C., the
reaction mixture was allowed to stir at RT for 16 h. Progress of
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion, the
reaction was added with cold water and extracted using ethyl
acetate (100 mL.times.3). The combined organic layers were washed
(1N HCl, followed by brine), dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and
concentrated under vacuum to get the crude product which was
purified by normal phase column chromatography to get the desired
product (0.320 g, 47%); .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.
9.29 (br. s., 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.37
(s, 3H).
[0200] Step-2: Synthesis of
N-(2-chloro-6-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pheny-
l)methanesulfonamide: To the stirred solution of
N-(4-bromo-2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)methanesulfonamide (0.300 g, 1.0
mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (10 mL) was added
bis(pinacolato)diboron(0.38 g, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) and KOAc (0.29 g,
3.0 mmol, 3.0 eq). The reaction was purged with N.sub.2 for 5 min.
To this reaction mixture was added Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2DCM (0.040 g, 5
mol %) and N.sub.2 was purged again for 5 more mins. The reaction
mixture was allowed to stir for 16 h at 100.degree. C. Progress of
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion, reaction
was extracted using ethyl acetate (25 mL.times.3). The combined
organic layers were washed (brine), dried (anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under vacuum to get the crude
product which was purified by normal phase column chromatography to
get the desired product as off white solid (250 mg, 72%); LCMS: 346
[M+1].sup.+
[0201] Step-3: Synthesis of
N-(2-chloro-6-methyl-4-(5-oxo-2-phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)-
phenyl)methanesulfonamide: To a stirred solution of
6-bromo-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (0.100 g, 0.33 mmol,
1.0 eq) and
N-(2-chloro-6-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)p-
henyl)methanesulfonamide (0.137 g, 0.39 mmol, 1.3 eq) in dioxane
(10 mL) was added K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.9 g, 0.66 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 5
mL water. The reaction was purged with N.sub.2 for 5 min. To this
reaction mixture was added with Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2.DCM complex (0.014
g, 5 mol %) and N.sub.2 was purged again for another 5 min. The
reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool to RT and extracted using
ethyl acetate (3.times.25 mL). The combined organic layers were
washed (brine), dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated
under vacuum to get the solid residue which was purified by normal
phase column chromatography to get the desired product as off white
solid (30 mg, 20%) LCMS: 440 [M+1].sup.+; 1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 12.36 (d, J=5.26 Hz, 2H), 9.22 (s, 1H), 8.39
(s, 1H), 7.95-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.47 (m, 5H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.13
(d, J=1.75 Hz, 1H), 6.15 (d, J=7.45 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s,
3H).
Example S-4: Synthesis of
6-(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H-
)-one (Compound No. 75)
##STR00291##
[0203] To a stirred solution of
6-bromo-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (0.050 g, 0.16 mmol,
1.0 eq) and
3-chloro-1-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyri-
din-2(1H)-one (0.067 g, 0.25 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dioxane (4 mL) was
added Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.034 g, 0.32 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 1 mL water.
The reaction was purged with N.sub.2 for 5 min. To this reaction
mixture was added with Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2.DCM complex (0.008 g, 5 mol
%) and N.sub.2 was purged again for another 5 min. The reaction
mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture
was allowed to cool to RT and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed (brine),
dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under vacuum to
get the solid residue which was purified by reverse phase column
chromatography to get the desired product as off white solid (0.007
g, 13%). LCMS: 364 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 12.26 (br. s., 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.92-8.05 (m, 2H),
7.34-7.59 (m, 5H), 7.19 (d, J=2.19 Hz, 1H), 6.04-6.21 (m, 1H), 3.54
(s, 3H).
Example S-5: Synthesis of
6-(5-chloro-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyr-
idin-4(1H)-one (Compound No. 76)
##STR00292##
[0205] To a stirred solution of
6-bromo-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (0.110 g, 0.36 mmol,
1.0 eq) and
1-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-
-one (0.09 g, 0.40 mmol, 1.1 eq) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (10 mL) was
added Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.077 g, 0.73 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 3 mL water.
The reaction was purged with N.sub.2 for 5 min. To this reaction
mixture was added with Pd(dppf)Cl.sub.2.DCM complex (0.014 g, 5 mol
%) and N.sub.2 was purged again for another 5 min. The reaction
mixture was heated at 110.degree. C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture
was allowed to cool to RT and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed (brine),
dried (anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4) and concentrated under vacuum to
get the solid residue which was purified by reverse phase column
chromatography to get the desired product as off white solid (0.013
g, 10%). LCMS: 330 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.87-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.50 (dd, J=2.85, 6.36 Hz,
2H), 7.28-7.45 (m, 3H), 6.89 (dd, J=2.63, 9.21 Hz, 1H), 6.07-6.21
(m, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H).
Example S-6: Synthesis of
3-(5-oxo-3-(quinolin-6-yl)-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(Compound No. 77)
##STR00293##
[0207] Step-1: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-aminopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile: To a solution of
1-(2-amino-6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethanone (5.0 g, 29.41 mmol, 1.0
eq) in dioxane (100 mL): water (10 mL) was added
3-cyanophenylboronic acid (6.48 g, 44.11 mmol, 1.5 eq),
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (6.24 g, 58.8 mmol, 2.0 eq) and
PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (1.2 g, 1.47 mmol, 0.05 eq). The
reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere and the
reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.500 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase column chromatography to afford the
title compound (3.1 g, 45%). LCMS: 238 [M+1].sup.+
[0208] Step-2: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile: To a solution
of 3-(5-acetyl-6-aminopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile (2.5 g, 10.54 mmol,
1 eq) in DMF (50 mL) was added N-bromosuccinimide (1.87 g, 10.54
mmol, 1 eq) at 0.degree. C. The reaction mixture was stirred at
same temperature for 2 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. The
reaction was added with ice cold water and the precipitated solid
was filtered under vacuum to get the title compound which was used
as such for next step without any further purification (1.6 g,
48%). LCMS: 316 [M+1].sup.+
[0209] Step-3: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile: To
a solution of 3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(1.0 g, 3.17 mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (60 mL):water (10 mL) was added
6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline (0.97 g,
3.80 mmol, 1.2 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.674 g, 6.34 mmol, 2.0 eq)
and PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (0.130 g, 0.158 mmol, 0.05 eq).
The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere and
the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.100 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase column chromatography to afford the
title compound (0.610 g, 53%). LCMS: 365 [M+1].sup.+.
[0210] Step-4: Synthesis of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-5-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-dim-
ethylformimidamide: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(0.300 g, 0.824 mmol, 1.0 eq) in xylene (4 mL) was added DMF-DMA
(0.275 mL, 2.06 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to
90.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS.
The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether to afford
(0.260 g, 53%) the title compound. LCMS: 420 [M+1].sup.+.
[0211] Step-5: Synthesis of
3-(5-oxo-3-(quinolin-6-yl)-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile-
: To a solution of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-5-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-dim-
ethylformimidamide (0.260 g, 0.620 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL) and
Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.302 g, 0.93 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added and the
reaction was stirred for 16 h at 100.degree. C. The reaction
mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and diluted with cold water. The
resulting precipitates were filtered, washed with excess water and
vacuum dried. The solid obtained was purified by reverse phase
column chromatography to afford the title compound (0.150 g, 64%).
LCMS: 375 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta.
ppm 12.32 (br. s., 1H), 8.92 (dd, J=4.17, 1.53 Hz, 1H), 8.56 (s,
1H), 8.37 (d, J=8.33 Hz, 1H), 8.02-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.96 (m, 2H),
7.82 (d, J=7.45 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.50 (m, 2H), 6.19
(d, J=7.45 Hz, 1H).
Example S-7: Synthesis of
3-(3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzonitri-
le (Compound No. 78)
##STR00294##
[0213] Step-1: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile:
To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile (1.0 g, 3.17
mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (60 mL):water (10 mL) was added
5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole (0.93
g, 3.80 mmol, 1.2 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.673 g, 6.34 mmol, 2.0
eq) and PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (0.130 g, 0.158 alma 0.05 eq).
The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere and
the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.100 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography to
afford the title compound (0,610 g, 55%). LCMS: 354 [M+1].sup.+
[0214] Step-2: Synthesis of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-5-(1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-d-
imethylformimidamide: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(0.600 g, 1.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) in xylene (6 mL) was added DMF-DMA
(0.4 mL, 3.06 mmol, 1.8 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to
90.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS.
The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether afford (0.540
g, 78%) the title compound. LCMS: 409 [M+1].sup.+.
[0215] Step-3: Synthesis of
3-(3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzonitri-
le: To a solution of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-5-(1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-d-
imethylformimidamide (0.500 g, 1.22 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL)
and Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.598 g, 1.84 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added and the
reaction was stirred for 16 h at 100.degree. C. The reaction
mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and diluted with cold water. The
resulting precipitates were filtered, washed with excess water and
vacuum dried. The solid obtained was purified by HPLC purification
(24 mg, 6%). LCMS: 364 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. ppm 13.14 (br. s., 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H),
8.00-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s,
1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.33 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=7.02
Hz, 1H), 6.16 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1H)
Example S-8: Synthesis of
3-(3-(2-chloro-6-methylpyridin-4-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-
-yl)benzonitrile (Compound No. 6)
##STR00295##
[0217] Step-1: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-2'-chloro-6'-methyl-3,4'-bipyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile:
To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile (0.150 g, 0.47
mmol, leg) in dioxane(10 mL):water (2 mL) was
2-chloro-6-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine
(0.144 g, 0.56 mmol, 1.2 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.050 g, 0.47 mmol,
2.0 eq) and PdCl.sub.2.(dppf).DCM complex (0.02 g, 0.024 mmol, 0.05
eq) The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere
and the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.50 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over
anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The crude product was purified by normal phase silica gel column
chromatography to afford the title compound (0.100 g, 58%). LCMS:
363 [M+1].sup.+
[0218] Step-2: Synthesis of
(E)-N'-(5-acetyl-2'-chloro-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-6'-methyl-3,4'-bipyridin-6-y-
l)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-2'-chloro-6'-methyl-3,4'-bipyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(0.100 g, 0.28 mmol, 1.0 eq) in xylene (6 mL) was added DMF-DMA
(0.06 mL, 0.50 mmol, 1.8 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to
90.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS.
The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether afford (0.100
g, 86%) the title compound. LCMS: 418 [M+1].sup.+.
[0219] Step-3: Synthesis
3-(3-(2-chloro-6-methylpyridin-4-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-
-yl)benzonitrile: To a solution of
(E)-N''-(5-acetyl-2'-chloro-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-6'-methyl-3,4'-bipyridin-6--
yl)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide (0.100 g, 0.29 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF
(5 mL) and Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.116 g, 0.36 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added
and the reaction was stirred for 16 h at 100.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and diluted with cold
water. The resulting precipitates were filtered, washed with excess
water and vacuum dried. The solid obtained was purified by HPLC
purification to get the title compound (0.010 g, 6%). LCMS:
373[M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. ppm
8.44-8.52 (m, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=7.45 Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.98 (m, 2H),
7.52-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.19 (d, J=7.45 Hz,
1H), 2.40 (s, 3H)
Example S-9: Synthesis of
3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzo-
nitrile (Compound No. 79)
##STR00296##
[0221] Step-1: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile:
To a solution 3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(1.0 g, 3.17 mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (50 mL):water(5 mL) was added
6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole
(0.994 g, 3.80 mmol, L5 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.675 g, 6.34 mmol,
2.0 eq) and PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (0.130 g, 0.158 mmol, 0.05
eq) The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N'2 atmosphere and
the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.100 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography to
afford (0.6 g, 51%) the title compound. LCMS: 371 [M+1].sup.+.
[0222] Step-2: Synthesis of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-5-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)--
N,N-dimethylformimidamide: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(1.0 g, 2.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (30 mL) was added DMF:DMA
(1.08 mL, 8.1 mmol, 3 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to
90.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS.
The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether afford (1.0 g,
87%) the title compound. LCMS: 426 [M+1].sup.+
[0223] Step-3: Synthesis of
3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)benzo-
nitrile: To a solution of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-5-(benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)-6-t
3-cyanophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide (1.0 g, 2.35
mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL) and Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (1.15 g, 3.53
mmol, 1.5 eq) was added and the reaction was stirred for 16 h at
100.degree. C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and
diluted with cold water. The resulting precipitates were filtered,
washed with excess water and vacuum dried. The solid obtained was
purified by HPLC purification (60 mg, 7%). LCMS: 381 [M+1].sup.+;
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. ppm 12.40 (br. s., 1H),
9.42 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=1.32 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d,
J=8.33 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.94 (m, 1H),
7.79-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.29 (dd,
J=8.33, 1.75 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1H).
Example S-10: Synthesis of
3-(3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)b-
enzonitrile (Compound No. 80)
##STR00297##
[0225] Step-1: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile-
: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile (1 g, 3.17
mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (30 mL):water (3 mL) was added
5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole (0.93
g, 3.80 mmol, 1.2 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.673 g, 6.34 mmol, 2.0
eq) and PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (0.130 g, 0.158 mmol, 0.05 eq)
The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere and
the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.50 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography to
afford (0.410 g, 36%) the title compound. LCMS: 354 [M+1].sup.+
[0226] Step-2: Synthesis of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-6-(3-cyanophenyl)pyridin-2--
yl)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile
(1.0 g, 2.83 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (15 mL) was added DMF-DMA
(1.2 mL, 8.49 mmol, 3 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to
90.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS.
The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether afford (1.1 g,
95%) the title compound. LCMS: 409 [M+1].sup.+.
[0227] Step-3: Synthesis of
3-(3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)b-
enzonitrile: To a solution of
(E)-N''-(3-acetyl-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-5-(1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N--
dimethylformimidamide (1.0 g, 2.45 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL) and
Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (1.2 g, 3.67 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added and the
reaction was stirred for 16 h at 100.degree. C. The reaction
mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and diluted with cold water. The
resulting precipitates were filtered, washed with excess water and
vacuum dried. The solid obtained was purified by HPLC purification
(35 mg, 4%). LCMS: 364 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. ppm 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d,
J=7.45 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (br. s., 1H), 7.79 (d, J=7.45 Hz, 1H), 7.58
(d, J=7.45 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (t, J=7.89 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (br. s., 1H),
6.16 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1H).
Example S-11: Synthesis of
2-methyl-3-(5-oxo-3-(quinolin-6-yl)-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ben-
zonitrile (Compound No. 55)
##STR00298##
[0229] Step-1: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-aminopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile: To a
solution of 1-(2-amino-6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethanone (3 g 1.7.6
mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (50 mL): water (5 mL) was added
2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzonitrile
(6.4 g, 26.4 mmol, 1.5 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (3.74 g, 35.2 mina 2.0
eq) and PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (0.720 g, 0.88 mmol, 0.05 eq)
The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere and
the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 1.6 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.200 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography to
afford (1.8 g, 40%) the title compound. LCMS: 252 [M+1].sup.+
[0230] Step-2: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile: To a
solution of 3-(5-acetyl-6-aminopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile
(1.5 g, 5.97 mmol, 1 eq) in DMF (15 mL) was added
N-bromosuccinimide (1.06 g, 5.97 mmol, 1 eq) at 0.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was stirred at same temperature for 2 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction was added with cold
water and the precipitated solid was filtered under vacuum and
dried to use it for next step without any purification (1.2 g,
60%). LCMS: 331 [M+1].sup.+
[0231] Step-3: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile:
To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile, (1.0
g, 3.01 mmol, 1 eq) in dioxane (80 mL):water (10 mL) was added
6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline (1.15 g,
4.54 mmol, 1.5 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.640 g, 6.06 mmol, 2.0 eq)
and PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (0.124 g, 0.151 mmol, 0.05 eq).
The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere and
the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.100 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography to
afford (0.500 g, 43%) the title compound. LCMS: 379
[M+1].sup.+.
[0232] Step-4: Synthesis of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-6-(3-cyano-2-methylphenyl)-5-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl-
)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile
(0.500 g, 0.824 mol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (10 mL) was added DMF-DMA
(0.528 mL, 3.96 mmol, 3.0 eq). The reaction mixture was warmed to
90.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS.
The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether afford (0.500
g, 87%) the title compound. LCMS: 433 [M+1].sup.+.
[0233] Step-5: Synthesis of
2-methyl-3-(5-oxo-3-(quinolin-6-yl)-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ben-
zonitrile: To a solution of
(E)-N'-(3-acetyl-6-(3-cyanophenyl)-5-(quinolin-6-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-dim-
ethylformimidamide (0.500 g, 1.15 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL) and
Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.562 g, 1.74 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added and the
reaction was stirred for 16 h at 100.degree. C. The reaction
mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and diluted with cold water. The
resulting precipitates were filtered, washed with excess water and
vacuum dried. The solid obtained was purified by HPLC purification
to get the title compound (0.060 g, 14%). LCMS: 389 [M+1].sup.+;
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. ppm 8.85-8.92 (m, 1H),
8.61 (s, 1H), 8.32 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=7.45 Hz, 1H),
7.96 (d, J=2.19 Hz, 1H), 7.73-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.58 (m, 2H),
7.32-7.44 (m, 2H), 6.20 (d, J=7.45 Hz, 1H), 2.21 (s, 3H).
Example 5-12: Synthesis of
3-(3-(2-chloro-6-methylpyridin-4-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-
-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile (Compound No. 3)
##STR00299##
[0235] Step-1: Synthesis of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-2'-chloro-6'-methyl-3,4'-bipyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenz-
onitrile: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-3-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile (0.8
g, 2.42 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (40 mL):water (4 mL) was added
2-chloro-6-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine
(1.28 g, 3.63 mmol, 1.5 eq), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.513 g, 4.84 mmol,
2.0 eq) and PdCl.sub.2(dppf).DCM complex (0.099 g, 0.12 mmol, 0.05
eq) The reaction mixture was deoxygenated using N.sub.2 atmosphere
and the reaction mixture was heated at 100.degree. C. for 16 h. The
reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted using ethyl acetate
(3.times.50 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over sodium
sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product
was purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography to
afford (0.500 g, 54%) the title compound. LCMS: 377 [M+1].sup.+
[0236] Step-2: Synthesis of
(E)-N'-(5-acetyl-2'-chloro-2-(3-cyano-2-methylphenyl)-6'-methyl-3,4'-bipy-
ridin-6-yl)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide: To a solution of
3-(5-acetyl-6-amino-2'-chloro-6'-methyl-3,4''-bipyridin-2-yl)-2-methylben-
zonitrile (0.500 g, 1.32 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane(10 mL) was added
DMF-DMA (0.445 mL, 3.32 mmol, 2.5 eq). The reaction mixture was
warmed to 70.degree. C. for 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC
and LCMS. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was washed with diethyl ether afford
(0.490 g, 85%) the title compound. LCMS: 433 [M+1].sup.+.
[0237] Step-3: Synthesis of
3-(3-(2-chloro-6-methylpyridin-4-yl)-5-oxo-5,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-
-yl)-2-methylbenzonitrile: To a solution of
(E)-N'-(5-acetyl-2'-chloro-2-(3-cyano-2-methylphenyl)-6'-methyl-3,4'-bipy-
ridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylformimidamide (0.510 g, 1.18 mmol, 1 eq) in
DMF (5 mL) and Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.578 g, 1.77 mmol, 1.5 eq) was
added and the reaction was stirred for 16 h at 100.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and diluted with cold
water. The resulting precipitates were filtered, washed with excess
water and vacuum dried. The solid obtained was purified by HPLC
purification (0.150 g, 32%). LCMS: 387 [M+1].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. ppm 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=7.45
Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=7.02 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.02 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t,
J=7.89 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.20 (d, J=7.89 Hz,
1H), 2.37 (s, 3H) 2.18 (s, 3H).
[0238] It is understood that compounds from Table 1 (2, 4-5, 8-44,
46-54, 56-74, 81-224) and Table 2 (2-1 to 2-28) are synthesized
using the General Synthetic Schemes 1 to 5 or using the
experimental procedures as described above and the steps involved
in the synthetic routes are clearly familiar to those skilled in
the art, wherein the substituents described in compounds of Formula
(I) herein can be varied with a choice of appropriate starting
materials and reagents utilized in the steps presented.
BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES
Example B1. Radioligand Binding Competition Assay
Example B1(a)
[0239] Binding of selected compounds to the adenosine A.sub.2A,
A.sub.1, A.sub.2B, and A.sub.3 receptors is tested using a binding
competition assay.
[0240] The general protocol for the radioligand binding competition
assay is as follows. Competition binding is performed in duplicate
in the wells of a 96 well plate (Master Block, Greiner, 786201)
containing binding buffer (optimized for each receptor), membrane
extracts (amount of protein/well optimized for each receptor),
radiotracer (final concentration optimized for each receptor), and
test compound. Nonspecific binding is determined by co-incubation
with 200-fold excess of cold competitor. The samples are incubated
in a final volume of 0.1 mL at 25.degree. C. for 60 minutes and
then filtered over filter plates. Filters are washed six times with
0.5 mL of ice-cold washing buffer (optimized for each receptor) and
50 .mu.L of Microscint 20 (Packard) are added on each filter. The
filter plates are sealed, incubated 15 min on an orbital shaker and
scintillation counted with a TopCount for 30 sec/filter.
[0241] For the A.sub.2A adenosine receptor radioligand binding
assay, the following modifications are made to the general
protocol. GF/C filters (Perkin Elmer, 6005174), presoaked in 0.01%
Brij for 2 h at room temperature are used. Filters are washed six
times with 0.5 mL of ice-cold washing buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.4)
and 50 .mu.L of Microscint 20 (Packard) are added in each well. The
plates are then incubated for 15 mM on an orbital shaker and then
counted with a TopCount.TM. for 1 min/well.
[0242] Another radioligand binding assay used to evaluate the
binding affinity for the adenosine A.sub.2A receptor assay is
performed in duplicate in the wells of a 384 plate. Assay buffer
contains DPBS 500 mM, MgCl.sub.2 0.1 mM, and 1% DMSO. Membrane-bead
suspension is prepared by mixing 25.98 .mu.L of human adenosine
A.sub.2A membrane preparation (Perkin Elmer, RBHA2AM400UA) at 33.4
.mu.g/mL, 28 .mu.L of ADA at 20 .mu.g/mL, and 932 .mu.L of SPA
beads at 3.33 mg/mL) and the mixture is incubated for 20 mM at room
temperature. 20 .mu.L of radiotracer (.sup.3H-SCH 58261) at 15 nM
is mixed into each well containing test articles at various
concentrations and the plate is centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1
minute. 30 .mu.L of the membrane-bead suspension is added to each
well. The plates are sealed and incubated for 1 hr at room
temperature with vigorous mixing on a plate mixer. Plates are read
on Microbeta.sup.2 (Perkin Elmer, 2450-0010).
[0243] For the adenosine A.sub.1 radioligand binding competition
assay, a similar procedure is used except that the following
reagents are used: CHO-K1-A1 cell membranes; binding buffer
comprising HEPES 25 mM pH 7.4, MgCl.sub.2 5 mM, CaCl.sub.2 1 mM,
NaCl 100 mM, saponin 10 pg/mL; wash buffer comprising HEPES 25 mM
pH 7.4, MgCl.sub.2 5 mM, CaCl.sub.2 1 mM, NaCl 100 mM; a Unifilter
GF/B treated for 2 h with 0.5% PEI; and 1.6 nM of .sup.3H-DPCPX as
the tracer.
[0244] Similarly, the following reagents were used for the
adenosineA.sub.2B radioligand binding competition assay:
HEK-293-A2b cell membranes, 20 .mu.g/well, preincubated 30 mM at RT
with 25 .mu.g/mL Adenosine Deaminase; a binding buffer comprising
HEPES 10 mM pH7.4, EDTA 1 mM, 0.5% BSA; a wash buffer comprising
HEPES 10 mM pH7.4, EDTA 1 mM; a Unifilter GF/C treated for 2 h with
0.5% PEI; and 10 nM .sup.3H-DPCPX as the tracer.
[0245] For the adenosine A.sub.3 radioligand binding competition
assay, the following reagents are used:
CHO-K1-A3 cell membranes, 1.5 .mu.g/well; a binding buffer
comprising HEPES 25 mM pH 7.4, MgCl.sub.2 5 mM, CaCl.sub.2 1 mM,
0.5% BSA; a wash buffer comprising HEPES 25 mM pH 7.4, MgCl.sub.2 5
mM, CaCl.sub.2 1 mM; a Unifilter GF/C treated for 2 h with 0.5% BS;
and 0.4 nM of .sup.125I-AB-MECA as the tracer. The results of the
binding assay are given as percent residual binding at a given
concentration. Percent of residual binding means binding of a
compound in the presence of competitor normalized to the amount of
binding in the absence of competitor
Example B1(b)
[0246] A second A.sub.2A adenosine receptor radioligand binding
assay protocol was used. The protocol used adenosine A2a (human)
membrane (PerkinElmer RBHA2AM400UA) at a concentration of 5
.mu.g/well/100 .mu.l and the radioligand [3H] CGS-21680 (Cat No.
PerkinElmer-NET1021250UC) at a final concentration of 6 nM. Testing
compounds were diluted with DMSO to make 8-point 4-fold serial
dilution, starting at 0.2 mM. CGS-15943 was the reference compound.
1 .mu.l of compounds/high control/low control was transferred to
the assay plate according to a plate map, followed by 100 .mu.l of
membrane stocks and 100 .mu.l of radioligand, in assay buffer (50
mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4). The plate was
sealed and incubated at RT for 2 hours. Unifilter-96 GF/C filter
plates (Perkin Elmer Cat #6005174) were soaked with 50 .mu.l of
0.3% PEI per well for at least 0.5 hour at room temperature. When
the binding assays were completed, the reaction mixtures were
filtered through GF/C plates using Perkin Elmer Filtermate
Harvester, and each plate washed 4 times with cold wash buffer (50
mM Tris-HCl, 154 mM NaCl, pH 7.4). The filter plates were dried for
1 hour at 50 degrees. After drying, the bottom of the filter plate
wells was sealed, 50 .mu.l of Perkin Elmer Microscint 20 cocktail
was added, and the top of the filter plate was sealed. .sup.3H
trapped on the filter was counted using Perkin Elmer MicroBeta2
Reader. The data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 5 to obtain
binding IC.sub.50 values. The "Inhibition [% Control]" was
calculated using the equation: % Inh=(1-Background subtracted Assay
value/Background subtracted HC value)*100, where HC is high
control. A2a binding IC.sub.50 values are shown in Table B1.
[0247] A second A.sub.1 adenosine receptor radioligand binding
assay protocol was used. The protocol used adenosine A1 (human)
membrane (PerkinElmer ES-010-M400UA) at a concentration of 2.5
.mu.g/well/100 .mu.l and the radioligand [3H] DPCPX (Cat No.
PerkinElmer-NET974250UC) at a final concentration of 1 nM. Testing
compounds were tested at a final concentration of 200 nM.
CGS-15943, the reference compound, was tested in an 8-point 4-fold
serial dilution, starting at a top concentration of 1 .mu.M. 1
.mu.l of compounds/high control/low control was transferred to the
assay plate according to a plate map, followed by 100 .mu.l of
membrane stocks and 100 .mu.l of radioligand, in assay buffer (25
mM HEPES, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM CaCl.sub.2, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4).
The plate was sealed and incubated at RT for 1 hour. Unifilter-96
GF/C filter plates (Perkin Elmer Cat #6005174) were soaked with 50
.mu.l of 0.3% PEI per well for at least 0.5 hour at room
temperature. When the binding assays were completed, the reaction
mixtures were filtered through GF/C plates using Perkin Elmer
Filtermate Harvester, and each plate washed 4 times with cold wash
buffer (25 mM HEPES, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM CaCl.sub.2, 100 mM NaCl,
pH 7.4). The filter plates were dried for 1 hour at 50 degrees.
After drying, the bottom of the filter plate wells was sealed, 50
.mu.l of Perkin Elmer Microscint 20 cocktail was added, and the top
of the filter plate was sealed. .sup.3H trapped on the filter was
counted using Perkin Elmer MicroBeta2 Reader. The data were
analyzed with GraphPad Prism 5 to obtain binding IC.sub.50 values
for the reference compound. The "Inhibition [% Control]" was
calculated using the equation: % Inh=(1-Background subtracted Assay
value/Background subtracted HC value)*100, where HC is high
control. A1 binding inhibition values are shown in Table B1.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE B1 A1 binding A2a binding inhibition at
Compound No. IC.sub.50 (nM) 200 nM (%) 1 2.6 98 3 2,595 7 6 113 26
7 3.5 ND 45 ND 34 55 179 5 75 ND 82 76 ND 92 77 5.4 61 78 49 81 79
9.5 85 80 17 79 ND: Not Determined
Example B2. cAMP Assay
[0248] The functional activity of compounds was tested using Assay
2, below, to detect the presence of cAMP. Assay 1 is an alternative
assay for this purpose. Activation of G-protein coupled receptors
(such as A.sub.2A) results in activation of adenylyl cyclase which
converts ATP into cAMP which is used as a downstream signaling
molecule. Therefore, molecules which act as GPCR (or specifically
A.sub.2A receptor) antagonists cause a decrease in intracellular
cAMP concentration.
[0249] Assay 1: This assay uses HEK-293 cells expressing human
recombinant adenosine A.sub.2A receptor that are grown prior to the
test in media without antibiotic. The cells are detached by gentle
flushing with PBS-EDTA (5 mM EDTA), recovered by centrifugation and
suspended in assay buffer (KRH: 5 mM KCl, 1.25 mM MgSO.sub.4, 124
mM NaCl, 25 mM HEPES, 13.3 mM Glucose, 1.25 mM KH.sub.2PO.sub.4,
1.45 mM CaCl.sub.2, 0.5 g/L BSA, supplemented with Rolipram).
[0250] 12 .mu.L of cells are mixed with 6 .mu.L of the test
compound at increasing concentrations and then incubated for 10 mM
Thereafter 6 .mu.L of the reference agonist is added at a final
concentration corresponding to the historical EC.sub.80. The plates
are then incubated for 30 mM at room temperature. After addition of
the lysis buffer and 1 hour incubation, cAMP concentrations are
estimated, according to the manufacturer specification, with the
HTRF.RTM. kit.
[0251] Assay 2 (Table B2): This assay used HEK-293 cells expressing
human recombinant adenosine A.sub.2A receptor (or, alternatively,
A.sub.1 receptor) that were grown prior to the test in media
without antibiotic. 100 nL of test articles at 100.times. of final
concentration were transferred to assay plate by Echo. Cells were
washed twice with 5 mL of PBS and 10 .mu.L of cells were mixed with
5 mL PBS. After aspirating the PBS and adding 1.5 mL versine, cells
were incubated at 37.degree. C. for 2-5 mM After centrifugation, 4
mL of medium was added and adjusted cell density to 5,000
cells/well with Stimulation Buffer. 10 .mu.L of cells were
aliquoted to the assay plate, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 minute,
and incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature. 5 .mu.L
4.times.Eu-cAMP tracer solution and 5 .mu.L
4.times.Ulight.TM.-anti-cAMP solution were added to assay plate,
followed by centrifugation and 60-minute incubation at room
temperature. Plates were read on EnVision. As shown in Table B2,
certain of the compounds disclosed herein strongly reduced
intracellular levels of cAMP. For example, compound 7 had an
IC.sub.50 for reducing cAMP levels in the adenosine A.sub.2A
receptor assay of 11.0 nM.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE B2 A1 cAMP A2a cAMP Compound No. IC.sub.50
(nM) IC.sub.50 (nM) 1 3.2 33.8 7 5.8 11.0 45 ND >10000 75 ND 195
76 ND 156 77 ND 213 ND: Not Determined
Example B3: GTP.gamma.'s Scintillation Proximity Assay for A.sub.2A
Receptor
[0252] A scintillation proximity assay (SPA) is used to determine
the kinetic profile of the binding of test compound to the A.sub.2A
receptor.
[0253] For antagonist testing, membrane extracts are prepared from
HEK-293 cells expressing recombinant human A.sub.2A receptor, are
mixed with GDP (volume:volume) and are incubated in assay buffer
comprising 20 mM HEPES pH 7.4; 100 mM NaCl, 10 .mu.g/mL saponin, 5
mM MgCl.sub.2 for at least 15 mM on ice. In parallel,
GTP.gamma.[.sup.35S] is mixed with the beads (volume:volume) just
before starting the reaction. The following reagents are
successively added in the wells of an Optiplate (Perkin Elmer): 25
.mu.L of test compound or reference ligand, 25 .mu.L of the
membranes: GDP mix, 25 .mu.L of reference agonist at historical
EC.sub.80 and 25 .mu.L of GTP.gamma.[.sup.35S] (PerkinElmer
NEG030X), diluted in assay buffer to give 0.1 nM. The plate is
incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, 20 .mu.L of IGEPAL
is added for 30 minutes at room temperature. Following this
incubation, 20 .mu.L of beads (PVT-anti rabbit (PerkinElmer,
RPNQ0016)), diluted in assay buffer at 50 mg/mL (0.5 mg/10 .mu.L)
and 20 .mu.L of an Anti-G.alpha.S/olf antibody are added for a
final incubation of 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the plates
are centrifuged for 10 min at 2000 rpm, incubated at room
temperature for 1 hour and counted for 1 min/well with a
PerkinElmer TopCount reader.
Example B4: Functional T Cell Assay
[0254] Human T Cell Activation Assay: Fresh human blood was diluted
with the same volume of PBS and the buffy coat containing
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were prepared and
resuspended in culture medium at a density of 2.times.10.sup.6/mL.
2.times.10.sup.5 PBMCs (in 100 .mu.L) were plated to each well of a
96-well flat bottom plate. 25 .mu.L of 8.times. final concentration
of 10-fold serial diluted or single concentration compounds was
added to indicated wells and incubated for 30 mins in 37.degree.
C./5% CO.sub.2. 25 .mu.L of 8.times. final concentration of NECA (1
.mu.M or 5 .mu.M) was added to selected wells and incubated for 30
min in 37.degree. C./5% CO.sub.2. Beads included in T cell
activation/expansion kit (Miltenyi biotec Cat #130-091-441) at a
bead-to-cell ratio of 1:6 in 50 .mu.L were added to all wells with
the final concentration of DMSO at 0.1% and final volume at 200
.mu.L. 60 .mu.L of supernatant post 24 hr and 48 hr incubation was
collected for TNF-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. concentration evaluation
using TNF-.alpha. ELISA ready-set-go kit (eBioscience, Cat
#88-7346-77) and IFN-.gamma. ELISA ready-set-go kit (eBioscience,
Cat #88-7316-77), respectively. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show that
compound 1 (cpd 1) reversed NECA-mediated suppression of
TNF-.alpha. and IFN-.gamma. secretion, respectively, in activated
human T cells in vitro.
Example B5: cAMP Assay
[0255] CD8+ T-cells are isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMC) from normal donors using CD8+ T lymphocyte enrichment
kit.
[0256] In a 96-well plate coated with anti-CD3 antibody, CD8.sup.+
T-cells (1.times.10.sup.5) are cultured alone, with 3 .mu.M of
NECA, or in the presence of 1 .mu.M of the compound of interest
with or without 3 .mu.M of NECA. The cells are incubated for 30 min
at 37.degree. C. and 5% CO.sub.2, and the reaction is stopped by
addition of 200 .mu.L, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. cAMP levels are
determined by an ELISA kit.
Example B6: Anti-Tumor Activities in Immuno-Oncology Mouse
Models
[0257] The anti-tumor activities of test articles are evaluated in
selective mouse models (e.g., syngeneic model, xenograft model, or
PDX) as a monotherapy or combination therapies. Using MC-38
syngeneic model as an example: female C57BL/6 mice are inoculated
subcutaneously at right flank with MC-38 cells for tumor
development. Five days after tumor inoculation, mice with tumor
size ranging from 40-85 mm.sup.3 are selected and assigned into
sub-groups using stratified randomization with 10 mice per group
based upon their tumor volumes. Mice receive pre-defined treatments
include vehicle, test article at various doses alone, test article
at various doses plus other anti-cancer therapy, and other
anti-cancer therapy control. Body weight and tumor sizes are
measured three times per week during the treatment. Tumor volume is
expressed in mm.sup.3 using the formula: V=0.5 a.times.b.sup.2
where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor,
respectively. The tumor sizes are used for the calculations of both
tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and T/C values. When an individual
animal reaches to the termination endpoint (e.g., with TV>1000
mm.sup.3), the mouse is euthanized. The time from inoculation to
the termination are deemed as its survival time. Survival curves
are plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method. At the end of study, plasma
and tumor samples are collected to explore biomarkers.
Example B7 Mouse Splenocyte Assay
[0258] IC.sub.50 values of compounds for reversal of NECA
suppression of mIFN.gamma. release are determined in mouse
splenocytes isolated from Balb/c mice. The mIFN.gamma. release is
CD3e/CD28-induced release. Mouse splenocytes (2.times.10.sup.5
cells/well) are activated with Anti-mouse CD3e (2.5 .mu.g/ml,
coated overnight at 4.degree. C.; Cat #14-0032-82, eBioscience) and
then incubated with serial dilutions of compounds (3 fold, 8 point
dose response starting at 1 .mu.M) in the presence of NECA (at a
concentration such as 0.1, 3.0, or 6.0 .mu.M; Cat #E2387, Sigma)
for 30 min at 37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 in an incubator (cell
culture conditions) prior to treating them with Anti-mouse CD28
(0.1 .mu.g/ml soluble; Cat #16-0289-81, eBiosciences). Splenocytes
are further incubated under cell culture conditions for 72 hr; the
supernatant is then harvested and diluted to 1:100, and ELISA is
performed as per the manufacturer's protocol (mIFN-.gamma. kit; Cat
#555138 & 550534, BD Biosciences). Plates are read in a plate
reader by measuring absorbance at 450 nm. Values for the reversal
of NECA suppressed mIFN-.gamma. release by compounds are calculated
by the following formula:
Normalized .times. .times. mIFN .times. - .times. .gamma. .times.
.times. release = ( [ mIFN .times. - .times. .gamma. ] test - [
mIFN .times. - .times. .gamma. ] blank ) ( [ mIFN .times. - .times.
.gamma. ] NECA - [ mIFN .times. - .times. .gamma. ] blank )
##EQU00001##
where [mIFN-.gamma.].sub.test is the test reading,
[mIFN-.gamma.].sub.blank is the average reading obtained from blank
wells, and [mIFN-.gamma.].sub.NECA is the average reading obtained
from NECA treated, activated cells. The IC.sub.50 values are
calculated by fitting the curve to the "four-parameter variable
slope logistic model" using Graph Pad Prism.
[0259] Although the foregoing invention has been described in some
detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity
of understanding, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that
certain minor changes and modifications will be practiced in light
of the above teaching. Therefore, the description and examples
should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
[0260] All references throughout, such as publications, patents,
and published patent applications, are incorporated herein by
reference in their entireties.
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