U.S. patent application number 16/953120 was filed with the patent office on 2022-05-19 for systems and methods for enhancing spectrum sharing over wireless networks.
This patent application is currently assigned to AT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.. The applicant listed for this patent is AT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P., AT&T Technical Services Company, Inc.. Invention is credited to David Ross Beppler, Slawomir Mikolaj Stawiarski, Daniel Vivanco.
Application Number | 20220159472 16/953120 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-05-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220159472 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vivanco; Daniel ; et
al. |
May 19, 2022 |
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ENHANCING SPECTRUM SHARING OVER WIRELESS
NETWORKS
Abstract
Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example,
obtaining an indication of user equipment demand associated with a
plurality of mobile communication devices that are wirelessly
communicating with a first access point that uses a first radio
access technology and a second access point that uses a second
radio access technology, the plurality of mobile communication
devices comprising at least a plurality of dual connectivity mobile
communication devices, the first radio access technology being a
different radio access technology than the second radio access
technology, and the first access point sharing a total amount of
radio frequency spectrum with the second access point; determining,
based at least in part upon the indication of the user equipment
demand, a first split between the first access point and the second
access point of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum;
and determining, based at least in part upon the first split of the
total amount of the radio frequency spectrum between the first
access point and the second access point, a second split between
the first access point and the second access point of an internet
protocol (IP) traffic flow. Other embodiments are disclosed.
Inventors: |
Vivanco; Daniel; (Ashburn,
VA) ; Stawiarski; Slawomir Mikolaj; (Carpentersville,
IL) ; Beppler; David Ross; (Duluth, GA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
AT&T Technical Services Company, Inc. |
Atlanta
Vienna |
GA
VA |
US
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
AT&T Intellectual Property I,
L.P.
Atlanta
GA
AT&T Technical Services Company, Inc.
Vienna
VA
|
Appl. No.: |
16/953120 |
Filed: |
November 19, 2020 |
International
Class: |
H04W 16/14 20060101
H04W016/14; H04W 28/10 20060101 H04W028/10 |
Claims
1. A device comprising: a processing system including a processor;
and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when
executed by the processing system, facilitate performance of
operations, the operations comprising: obtaining an indication of
user equipment demand associated with a plurality of mobile
communication devices that are wirelessly communicating with a
first access point that uses a first radio access technology and a
second access point that uses a second radio access technology, the
plurality of mobile communication devices comprising at least a
plurality of dual connectivity mobile communication devices, the
first radio access technology being a different radio access
technology than the second radio access technology, and the first
access point sharing a total amount of radio frequency spectrum
with the second access point; determining, based at least in part
upon the indication of the user equipment demand, a first split
between the first access point and the second access point of the
total amount of the radio frequency spectrum; and determining,
based at least in part upon the first split of the total amount of
the radio frequency spectrum between the first access point and the
second access point, a second split between the first access point
and the second access point of an internet protocol (IP) traffic
flow.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein: the first radio access
technology is of one generation; and the second radio access
technology is of another generation, the another generation being a
subsequent generation relative to the one generation.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein: the one generation is a 4th
generation (4G); and the another generation is a 5th generation
(5G).
4. The device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of mobile
communication devices further comprises one or more single
connectivity 4G mobile communication devices and one or more single
connectivity 5G mobile communication devices.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein: the first access point comprises
a first base station radio; and the second access point comprises a
second base station radio.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein: the total amount of the radio
frequency spectrum comprises an amount of radio frequency spectrum
over a given time period; and the first split comprises a first
portion of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum to
allocate to the first access point and a second portion of the
total amount of the radio frequency spectrum to allocate to the
second access point.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the first portion and the second
portion together form the total amount of the radio frequency
spectrum.
8. The device of claim 6, wherein the first portion, the second
portion, and an overhead portion together form the total amount of
the radio frequency spectrum.
9. The device of claim 6, wherein each of the first portion and the
second portion comprise physical resource blocks, MHz, any other
RF-resource unit, or any combination thereof.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein: the IP traffic flow comprises a
total IP traffic flow associated with communications, over a given
period of time, among the first access point, the second access
point, and the plurality of mobile communication devices; and the
second split comprises a first portion of the total IP traffic flow
to allocate to the first access point and a second portion of the
total IP traffic flow to allocate to the second access point.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise
providing information indicative of the first split to a network
component that facilitates splitting of radio frequency resources
between the first access point and the second access point.
12. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise
providing information indicative of the second split to a network
component that facilitates splitting of the IP traffic flow between
the first access point and the second access point.
13. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is part of a central
node global control.
14. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is part of a Mobile
Edge Compute (MEC), Self Organized Network (SON) RAN Intelligent
Controller (RIC), or any combination thereof.
15. The device of claim 1, wherein the sharing comprises
Instantaneous Spectrum Sharing (ISS), Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
(DSS), or any combination thereof.
16. The device of claim 1, wherein the determining the first split
between the first access point and the second access point of the
total amount of the radio frequency spectrum further comprises
determining the first split based at least in part upon one or more
Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, one or more RF coverage
parameters, or any combination thereof.
17. A non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising executable
instructions that, when executed by a processing system having a
processor, facilitate performance of operations, the operations
comprising: determining demand of user equipment, the demand being
associated with a plurality of mobile communication devices, each
of the plurality of mobile communication devices being configured
for wireless communications with one or more of a first access
point and a second access point, the first access point using a
first radio access technology and the second access point using a
second radio access technology, the plurality of mobile
communication devices comprising at least a first mobile
communication device that uses as a first single radio access
technology only the first radio access technology, at least a
second mobile communication device that uses as a second single
radio access technology only the second radio access technology,
and at least a third mobile communication device that uses as a
dual connectivity technology both the first radio access technology
and the second radio access technology, the first radio access
technology being a different radio access technology than the
second radio access technology, and the first access point sharing
a total amount of radio frequency spectrum with the second access
point; calculating, based at least in part upon the demand, a first
split between the first access point and the second access point of
the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum, the first split
comprising a first portion of the total amount of the radio
frequency spectrum to allocate to the first access point and a
second portion of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum
to allocate to the second access point; and calculating, based at
least in part upon the first split of the total amount of the radio
frequency spectrum between the first access point and the second
access point, a second split of an internet protocol (IP) traffic
flow between the first access point and the second access
point.
18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17,
wherein: the first access point comprises a 4th generation (4G)
base station radio; the second access point comprises a 5th
generation (5G) base station radio; the at least the first mobile
communication device comprises a first plurality of first mobile
communication devices, each of which uses as the first single radio
access technology only the first radio access technology; the at
least the second mobile communication device comprises a second
plurality of second mobile communication devices, each of which
uses as the second single radio access technology only the second
radio access technology; and the at least the third mobile
communication device comprises a third plurality of mobile
communication devices, each of which uses as the dual connectivity
technology both the first radio access technology and the second
radio access technology.
19. A method comprising: obtaining, by a processing system
including a processor, an indication of user equipment demand
associated with a plurality of mobile communication devices that
are wirelessly communicating with a first access point that uses a
first radio access technology and a second access point that uses a
second radio access technology, the plurality of mobile
communication devices including at least a plurality of dual
connectivity mobile communication devices, the first radio access
technology being a different radio access technology than the
second radio access technology, and the first access point sharing
a total amount of radio frequency spectrum with the second access
point; obtaining, by the processing system, a respective location
of each of the plurality of mobile communication devices;
estimating, by the processing system, a respective first throughput
that can be achieved by each of the plurality of mobile
communication devices for first communications via the first radio
access technology, the estimating of each respective first
throughput being based at least in part upon each respective
location; estimating, by the processing system, a respective second
throughput that can be achieved by each of the plurality of mobile
communication devices for second communications via the second
radio access technology, the estimating of each respective second
throughput being based at least in part upon each respective
location; determining, by the processing system, based at least in
part upon the indication of the user equipment demand, upon each
respective first throughput, and upon each respective second
throughput, a first split between the first access point and the
second access point of the total amount of the radio frequency
spectrum, the first split comprising a first portion of the total
amount of the radio frequency spectrum to allocate to the first
access point and a second portion of the total amount of the radio
frequency spectrum to allocate to the second access point; and
determining, by the processing system, based at least in part upon
the first split of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum
between the first access point and the second access point, a
second split between the first access point and the second access
point of an internet protocol (IP) traffic flow.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein each location of each of the
plurality of mobile communication devices is determined based upon
a respective global positioning system (GPS) signal, based upon a
respective wireless triangulation, or any combination thereof.
Description
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] The subject disclosure relates to systems and methods for
enhancing spectrum sharing over wireless networks. In one example,
the wireless networks can be 4th generation (4G) and fifth
generation (5G) networks.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Some cellular-based networks support a dual connectivity
(DC) mode of operation, such as E-UTRAN New Radio (NR)--Dual
Connectivity (EN-DC). In such networks, a user equipment that is
equipped with appropriate radio access technologies (RATs) can
simultaneously transmit an E-UTRA uplink signal and an NR uplink
signal.
[0003] Certain 5G standards are introduced in 3GPP Release 15 to
cater to the needs of 5G networks. The 5G framework will take
advantage of the massive throughput and low latency that New Radio
provides. Two solutions defined by 3GPP for 5G networks are: (i) 5G
Non Standalone (NSA)--The existing LTE radio access and core
network (EPC) is used as an anchor for mobility management and
coverage to add the 5G carrier; (ii) 5G Standalone (SA)--An all new
5G Packet Core will be introduced with several new capabilities
built inherently into it. The SA architecture comprises 5G New
Radio (5G NR) and 5G Core Network (5GC). Network Slicing,
Virtualization, Multi-Gbps support, Ultra low latency, and other
such aspects will be natively built into the 5G SA Packet Core
architecture.
[0004] The initial deployments of 5G services are based on 5G NSA,
also called Option-3. The variants of Option-3 are Option-3,
Option-3a and Option-3x. In Option-3, internet protocol (IP)
traffic is split across 4G and 5G at eNodeB. In Option-3a, IP
traffic is split across 4G and 5G at EPC (S-GW). In Option-3x, IP
traffic is split across 4G and 5G at 5G cell (gNB).
[0005] If spectrum sharing techniques are used, a RAN element will
be in charge of splitting RF-resources between eNB and gNB.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings,
which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
[0007] FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating an example,
non-limiting embodiment of a communication network in accordance
with various aspects described herein.
[0008] FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating an example,
non-limiting embodiment of a communication network or system
functioning within or in conjunction with the communication network
of FIG. 1A in accordance with various aspects described herein.
[0009] FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example,
non-limiting embodiment of a system functioning within or in
conjunction with the communication network of FIG. 1A and/or the
communication network of FIG. 1B in accordance with various aspects
described herein.
[0010] FIG. 2B is a block diagram illustrating an example,
non-limiting embodiment of a system functioning within or in
conjunction with the communication network of FIG. 1A and/or the
communication network of FIG. 1B, and/or the system of FIG. 2A in
accordance with various aspects described herein.
[0011] FIG. 2C depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in
accordance with various aspects described herein.
[0012] FIG. 2D depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in
accordance with various aspects described herein.
[0013] FIG. 2E depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in
accordance with various aspects described herein.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example,
non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication network in
accordance with various aspects described herein.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting
embodiment of a computing environment in accordance with various
aspects described herein.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting
embodiment of a mobile network platform in accordance with various
aspects described herein.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting
embodiment of a communication device in accordance with various
aspects described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The subject disclosure describes, among other things,
illustrative embodiments for enhancing spectrum sharing over
wireless networks. In one example, the wireless networks can be 4G
and 5G networks. Other embodiments are described in the subject
disclosure.
[0019] As described herein, one or more embodiments provide a
methodology (e.g., algorithm) for enhancing spectrum sharing over
4G/5G networks. In various examples, the spectrum techniques that
are used in the network can be Instantaneous Spectrum Sharing (ISS)
and/or or Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS).
[0020] As described herein, one or more embodiments provide a
mechanism (such as an algorithm) that monitors user equipment (UE)
demand and UE concentration per RAN Technology (e.g., LTE vs. 5G)
per eNB/gNB. The algorithm can collect UE demand, quality of
service (QoS) requirements, and/or RF-coverage. This information
can be collected per radio access technology (e.g., LTE vs. 5G).
The algorithm can also monitor UE capabilities (e.g., whether or
not a particular UE is capable of Dual-Connectivity and, if not,
what radio access technology is the UE capable of using). The
algorithm can mandate (or instruct) one or more elements in charge
to split IP-traffic and RF-resources across radio access
technologies accordingly (e.g., according to the UE demand,
RF-coverage and/or QoS per radio access technology). The algorithm
can map RF-resources (e.g., physical resource blocks (PRBs)) to
IP-resources (e.g., bytes) to provide efficient end-to-end resource
management.
[0021] In one example, the algorithm reacts in real time to changes
in UE demands and requirements and mandates (or instructs) split of
IP-traffic/RF-resources accordingly.
[0022] In another example, the algorithm can also take into
consideration the spectrum technique being used (e.g., time
allocation granularity for DSS is .about.10 ms, while time
allocation granularity for ISS is .about.1 ms) when making
adjustments.
[0023] In another example, the algorithm can be placed at a central
node global control located on the Core Network (e.g., Mobile Edge
Compute (MEC), Self Organized Network (SON) or RAN Intelligent
Controller (RIC).
[0024] Referring now to FIG. 1A, a block diagram is shown
illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a communication
network or system 100 in accordance with various aspects described
herein. For example, the communication system 100 can facilitate in
whole or in part determining a first split between a first access
point and a second access point of a total amount of a radio
frequency spectrum that is shared by the first and second access
points and determining (based at least in part upon the first split
of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum) a second split
between the first access point and the second access point of an
internet protocol (IP) traffic flow.
[0025] The communications network 125 provides broadband access 110
to a plurality of data terminals 114 via access terminal 112,
wireless access 120 to a plurality of mobile devices 124 and
vehicle 126 via base station or access point 122, voice access 130
to a plurality of telephony devices 134, via switching device 132
and/or media access 140 to a plurality of audio/video display
devices 144 via media terminal 142. In addition, communications
network 125 is coupled to one or more content sources 175 of audio,
video, graphics, text and/or other media. While broadband access
110, wireless access 120, voice access 130 and media access 140 are
shown separately, one or more of these forms of access can be
combined to provide multiple access services to a single client
device (e.g., mobile devices 124 can receive media content via
media terminal 142, data terminal 114 can be provided voice access
via switching device 132, and so on).
[0026] The communications network 125 includes a plurality of
network elements (NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the
broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130, media
access 140 and/or the distribution of content from content sources
175. The communication network 125 can include a circuit switched
or packet switched network, a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP)
network, Internet protocol (IP) network, a cable network, a passive
or active optical network, a 4G, 5G, or higher generation wireless
access network, WIMAX network, UltraWideband network, personal area
network or other wireless access network, a broadcast satellite
network and/or other communication network.
[0027] In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include
a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem
termination system (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other
access terminal. The data terminals 114 can include personal
computers, laptop computers, netbook computers, tablets or other
computing devices along with digital subscriber line (DSL) modems,
data over coax service interface specification (DOCSIS) modems or
other cable modems, a wireless modem such as a 4G, 5G, or higher
generation modem, an optical modem and/or other access devices.
[0028] In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122
can include a 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access
point that operates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n,
802.11ac or other wireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124
can include mobile phones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless
modems, and/or other mobile computing devices.
[0029] In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include
a private branch exchange or central office switch, a media
services gateway, VoIP gateway or other gateway device and/or other
switching device. The telephony devices 134 can include traditional
telephones (with or without a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones
and/or other telephony devices.
[0030] In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a
cable head-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway
or other media terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include
televisions with or without a set top box, personal computers
and/or other display devices.
[0031] In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include
broadcast television and radio sources, video on demand platforms
and streaming video and audio services platforms, one or more
content data networks, data servers, web servers and other content
servers, and/or other sources of media.
[0032] In various embodiments, the communication network 125 can
include wired, optical and/or wireless links and the network
elements 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. can include service switching
points, signal transfer points, service control points, network
gateways, media distribution hubs, servers, firewalls, routers,
edge devices, switches and other network nodes for routing and
controlling communications traffic over wired, optical and wireless
links as part of the Internet and other public networks as well as
one or more private networks, for managing subscriber access, for
billing and network management and for supporting other network
functions.
[0033] Referring now to FIG. 1B, a block diagram is shown
illustrating an example non-limiting embodiment of a communication
network (or system) 180 functioning within or in conjunction with
the system 100 of FIG. 1A in accordance with various aspects
described herein. Communication network 180 can be configured to
provide Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) via a radio access
network (RAN) 183 that includes one or more network nodes (e.g.,
access points, such as base stations or the like). In one example,
RAN 183 can include a master node (MN) 182 and a secondary node
(SN) 184. In one example, each of MN 182 and SN 184 can employ a
different radio access technology (RAT). A user equipment (UE) 192
can be equipped with multiple transmitter (Tx) devices and/or
multiple receiver (Rx) devices configured to communicate with, and
utilize network resources provided via, the MN 182 and the SN 184.
The MN 182 and/or the SN 184 can be operated with shared spectrum
channel access.
[0034] One or more of the nodes 182, 184 of the RAN 183 can be in
communication with a mobility core network 186 via a backhaul
network 185. The core network 186 can be in further communication
with one or more other networks (e.g., one or more content delivery
networks (one of which, CDN 187 is shown)), one or more services
and/or one or more devices. The core network 186 can include
various network devices and/or systems that provide a variety of
functions, such as mobility management, session management, data
management, user plane and/or control plane function(s), policy
control function(s), and/or the like. As shown in FIG. 1B, the core
network 186 can include an Access Mobility and Management Function
(AMF) 188 configured to facilitate mobility management in a control
plane of the communication network 180, and a User Plane Function
(UPF) 190 configured to provide access to a data network, such as a
packet data network (PDN), in a user (or data) plane of the
communication network 180. The AMF 188 and the UPF 190 can each be
implemented in one or more computing devices (e.g., one or more
server devices or the like). In some embodiments, the core network
186 can additionally, or alternatively, include one or more devices
implementing other functions, such as a master user database server
device for network access management, a PDN gateway server device
for facilitating access to a PDN, a Unified Data Management (UDM)
function, a Session Management Function (SMF), a Policy Control
Function (PCF), and/or the like.
[0035] The MN 182 and the SN 184 can be communicatively coupled to
one another via an Xn-C interface configured to facilitate control
plane traffic between the MN 182 and the SN 184, and can also be
communicatively coupled to one another via an Xn-U interface
configured to facilitate user plane traffic between the MN 182 and
the SN 184.
[0036] The AMF 188 can be communicatively coupled to the MN 182 via
an NG-C interface in the control plane. In some embodiments, the
AMF 188 can additionally, or alternatively, be communicatively
coupled to the SN 184 via a similar interface in the control plane.
The UPF 190 can be communicatively coupled to the MN 182 via an
NG-U interface in the user plane, and can be communicatively
coupled to the SN 184 via a similar NG-U interface in the user
plane.
[0037] Each of the MN 182 and the SN 184 can include a radio
resource control (RRC) entity capable of exchanging network traffic
(e.g., protocol data units (PDUs)) with the UE 192. In some
embodiments, the UE 192 can communicate with the MN 182 via a Uu
radio interface in an RRC protocol layer of the control plane. In
some embodiments, the UE 192 can have a single RRC state, such as a
single control plane connection with the core network 186 based on
the RRC entity of the MN 182. In some embodiments, the MN 182 can
facilitate control plane communications between the SN 184 and the
UE 192 by, for example, transporting RRC PDUs, originating from the
SN 184, to the UE 192.
[0038] The communication network 180 can provide multiple bearer
types in the data plane. For example, the bearer types can include
a Master Cell Group (MCG) bearer type, a Secondary Cell Group (SCG)
bearer type, and a split bearer type. Depending on the RATs
employed by the MN 182 and the SN 184, various packet data
convergence protocol (PDCP) configurations can be implemented for
the different bearer types. Thus, in various embodiments, each
bearer type (e.g., the MCG bearer type, the SCG bearer type, and
the split bearer type) can be terminated either in the MN 182 or in
the SN 184.
[0039] In some embodiments, the communication network 180 can be
configured to provide dual connectivity according to an E-UTRAN New
Radio (NR) Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) configuration. In some
embodiments, the EN-DC configuration can provide a 5G
Non-Standalone (NSA) implementation. In one example (related to a
5G NSA implementation), an LTE radio and the core network 186 can
be utilized as an anchor for mobility management and coverage for
an additional 5G (or NR) carrier. Network traffic can be split in a
variety of manners, such as across LTE and NR at an eNodeB, at the
core network 186, and/or at an NR cell.
[0040] In embodiments in which the communication network 180 is
configured to provide the EN-DC configuration, the MN 182 can
include a master eNodeB (MeNB) that provides E-UTRAN access, and
the SN 184 can include an en-gNodeB (en-gNB) that provides NR
access. The core network 186 can be (or can include) an evolved
packet core (EPC), where the AMF 188 is implemented as a mobility
management entity (MME) and the UPF 190 is implemented as a serving
gateway (SGW). The core network 186 can include one or more devices
that implement one or more functions, such as a Home Subscriber
Server (HSS) for managing user access, a PDN gateway server device
for facilitating access to a PDN, and/or the like.
[0041] In an EN-DC configuration, the MN (MeNB) 182 and the SN
(en-gNB) 184 can be communicatively coupled to one another via an
X2-C interface in the control plane, and via an X2-U interface in
the user plane. The AMF (MME) 188 can be communicatively coupled to
the MN (MeNB) 182 via an S1-MME interface in the control plane. In
some embodiments, the AMF (MME) 188 can additionally, or
alternatively, be communicatively coupled to the SN (en-gNB) 184
via a similar interface in the control plane. The UPF (SGW) 190 can
be communicatively coupled to the MN (MeNB) 182 via an S1-U
interface in the user plane, and can also be communicatively
coupled to the SN (en-gNB) 184 via a similar S1-U interface in the
user plane, to facilitate data transfer for the UE 192.
[0042] In the EN-DC configuration, the MeNB can include an E-UTRA
version of an RRC entity and the en-gNB can include an NR version
of an RRC entity. Additionally, in the EN-DC configuration, an
E-UTRA PDCP or an NR PDCP can be configured for MeNB terminated MCG
bearer types, and an NR PDCP can be configured for all other bearer
types.
[0043] In some embodiments of the EN-DC configuration, the AMF
(MME) 188 can communicate exclusively with the MN (MeNB) 182, but
both the MeNB and the en-gNB can access the core network (e.g.,
EPC) 186. In various embodiments, data traffic can be split between
the LTE and NR RATs 182, 184, but where the MN (MeNB) 182 maintains
sole control of the dual connectivity mode of the communication
network 180. The UE 192 can access the core network (e.g., EPC) 186
by establishing a connection with the MN (MeNB) 182. If the UE 192
supports EN-DC and is capable of communicating in the NR band
(e.g., if the UE 192 includes an LTE communication unit, such as an
LTE Rx/Tx radio and protocol stack, and an NR communication unit,
such as an NR Rx/Tx radio and protocol stack), the MN (MeNB) 182
can instruct the UE 192 to obtain measurements of, and provide
measurement report(s) on, the NR band. In a case where the UE 192
identifies a candidate network node in the NR band, such as the SN
(en-gNB) 184, the MN (MeNB) 182 can communicate one or more
parameters to the en-gNB (e.g., via the X2-C interface) to enable
the en-gNB to establish a connection with the UE 192. Upon
establishing such a connection, the MN (MeNB) 182 can then forward
a portion of any incoming user data, directed for the UE 192, to
the SN (en-gNB) 184 for transmission to the UE 192, thereby
enabling the UE 192 to simultaneously communicate over LTE and NR
to achieve increased data rates. In some embodiments, the MN (MeNB)
182 can request, or otherwise, instruct, the UPF (SGW) 190 to
exchange user data directly with the SN (en-gNB) 184. In such
embodiments, the en-gNB can similarly forward a portion of any
incoming user data, directed for the UE 192, to the MeNB for
transmission to the UE 192.
[0044] As shown in FIG. 1B, the communication network 180 can
include a computing device 194 communicatively coupled with the MN
182. The computing device 194 can include one or more devices, such
as server device(s), configured to provide one or more functions or
capabilities, such as dual connectivity control functions, edge
computing functions and/or capabilities, provisioning of data
and/or services for user equipment (e.g., such as UE 192), data
analytics function(s), machine learning and/or artificial
intelligence function(s) that provide resource management
capabilities (e.g., mobility management, admission control,
interference management, etc.), automatic planning functions,
configuration functions, optimization functions, diagnostic
functions, healing functions, and/or the like. For example, in some
implementations, the computing device 194 can include, or be
implemented in, a multi-access edge computing (MEC) device or
device(s), a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), a Self-Organizing
Network (SON), and/or the like. In some embodiments, such as in a
case where the core network 186 includes an EPC, the computing
device 194 can include, or be implemented in, an MME, an SGW,
and/or the like.
[0045] It is to be understood and appreciated that the quantity and
arrangement of nodes, devices, and networks shown in FIG. 1B are
provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional nodes,
devices, and/or networks, fewer nodes, devices, and/or networks,
different nodes, devices, and/or networks, or differently arranged
nodes, devices, and/or networks than those shown in FIG. 1B. For
example, the communication network 180 can include more or fewer
MNs 182, SNs 184, AMF device(s) 188, UPF device(s) 190, UE's 192,
computing devices 194, core networks 186, etc. Furthermore, two or
more nodes or devices shown in FIG. 1B may be implemented within a
single node or device, or a single node or device shown in FIG. 1B
may be implemented as multiple, distributed nodes or devices.
Additionally, or alternatively, a set of nodes or devices (e.g.,
one or more nodes or devices) of the communication network 180 may
perform one or more functions described as being performed by
another set of nodes or devices of the communication network
180.
[0046] FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example,
non-limiting embodiment of a network system 200 that is configured
to provide for determining a first split between a first access
point and a second access point of a total amount of a radio
frequency spectrum that is shared by the first and second access
points and determining (based at least in part upon the first split
of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum) a second split
between the first access point and the second access point of an
internet protocol (IP) traffic flow. This network system 200 is
also configured to facilitate control and/or adjusting of the first
split and the second split. The network system 200 can function in,
or in conjunction with, various communication systems and/or
networks including the communication network 100 of FIG. 1A and/or
the communication network 180 of FIG. 1B in accordance with various
aspects described herein.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 2A, the network system 200 can include a
network node 210 (e.g., an access point, such as a base station or
the like) that employs a first radio access technology, and a
network node 220 that employs a second radio access technology. The
network nodes 210 and 220 can form, or be a part of, a radio access
network (RAN) that facilitates communications between a user
equipment 230 and a core network 240. The user equipment 230 can
include, for example, one or more data terminals 114, one or more
mobile devices 124, one or more vehicles 126, one or more display
devices 144, and/or one or more other client devices.
[0048] In some embodiments, the RAN can be configured for EN-DC.
For example, the network node 210 can include an eNB (e.g., a
Master eNB, or MeNB) of one cell, the network node 220 can include
a gNB (e.g., a Secondary NB, or SgNB) of another cell, and the core
network 240 can include an evolved packet core (EPC). In various
embodiments, the network system 200 can include various quantities
of cells (e.g., primary cells (Pcells) and/or secondary cells
(Scells)), various quantities of network nodes in a cell, and/or
various types of network nodes and/or cells.
[0049] As shown in FIG. 2A, the network system 200 can include a
controller device 250 that is communicatively coupled to the
network node 210. In various embodiments, the controller device 250
can include, or otherwise correspond to, the computing device 194
of the communication network 180 described above. In various
embodiments, the controller device 250 can be implemented in a
centralized network hub or node device at, or proximate to, an edge
of a network provider's (e.g., a cellular network provider's)
overall network. In some embodiments, the controller device 250 can
be implemented in a multi-access edge computing (MEC) device or
devices. As the name/nomenclature implies, a MEC device may reside
at a location that is at, or proximate, to an edge of the network
system 200, which may be useful in reducing (e g, minimizing)
delays associated with provisioning of data or services to one or
more (requesting) devices. In some embodiments, the controller
device 250 can additionally, or alternatively, be implemented in a
Self-Organizing Network (SON) or other similar network that
provides automatic planning functions, configuration functions,
optimization functions, diagnostic functions, and/or healing
functions for a network. In some embodiments, the controller device
250 can additionally, or alternatively, be implemented in a RAN
Intelligent Controller (RIC) or other similar device or device(s)
that leverages data analytics and machine learning and/or
artificial intelligence to provide resource management
capabilities, such as mobility management, admission control, and
interference management, at an edge of a network. In various
embodiments, the controller device 250 can be implemented in one or
more devices included in the core network 240. For example, in a
case where the core network 240 includes an EPC, the controller
device 250 can include, or be implemented, in a mobility management
entity (MME) gateway, a serving gateway (SGW), and/or the like. In
various embodiments, the controller device 250 can also (or
alternatively) be communicatively coupled to node 220 and/or one to
core network 240 (e.g., to one or more elements of core network
240. In various embodiments, controller device 250 can be the
element that is configured to provide for determining a first split
between a first access point and a second access point of a total
amount of a radio frequency spectrum that is shared by the first
and second access points and determining (based at least in part
upon the first split of the total amount of the radio frequency
spectrum) a second split between the first access point and the
second access point of an internet protocol (IP) traffic flow. In
various embodiments, the controller device 250 can be the element
that is configured to facilitate control and/or adjusting of the
first split and the second split.
[0050] In cellular-based networks that support a dual connectivity
mode of operation, such as an EN-DC configuration, a user equipment
equipped with appropriate RATs can simultaneously transmit uplink
signals over multiple bands (e.g., an E-UTRA uplink signal over an
LTE band and an NR uplink signal in the NR band).
[0051] As shown in FIG. 2A, and as shown by reference number 260,
the controller device 250 can obtain data relating to the user
equipment 230. In various embodiments, the controller device 250
can obtain the data from the network node 210 and/or the network
node 220. In some embodiments, the controller device 250 can
periodically obtain the data (e.g., as the data is provided by the
user equipment 230 to the network node 210 and/or the network node
220).
[0052] In some embodiments, and as shown by reference number 260a,
the data can include information regarding, or relating to, a Tx
power of the user equipment 230 to the network node 210 (e.g., an
LTE uplink Tx power) and/or a Tx power of the user equipment 230 to
the network node 220 (e.g., an NR uplink Tx power). In some
embodiments, information regarding Tx power can include an actual
Tx power value. In some embodiments, in a case where the user
equipment 230 does not provide actual Tx power value(s), the
controller device 250 can be configured to determine estimated Tx
power values. For example, the controller device 250 can obtain
other data from the network node 210 and/or the network node 220,
such as signal measurement data, and determine estimated Tx power
value(s) for the user equipment 230.
[0053] In some embodiments, and as shown by reference number 260a,
the data can include information regarding, or relating to, network
resource usage and/or demand of the user equipment 230 in
connection with a first radio access technology and/or in
connection with a second radio access technology, information
regarding, or relating to, signal strength(s) of one or more
network nodes, such as the network node 210 and/or the network node
220, that are within a communicable range of the user equipment
230, and/or the like.
[0054] In some embodiments, the data can include information
regarding, or relating to, a location or position of the user
equipment 230 relative to a network node, such as the network node
210 and/or the network node 220. In some embodiments, the
information can be indicative of a distance between the user
equipment 230 and the network node. For example, the information
can include timing advance data, which may indicate a time or
duration of travel of communications, between the user equipment
230 and the network node 210 and/or the network node 220, that can
be used to determine a distance between the user equipment 230 and
that network node.
[0055] In many instances, a different modulation and coding scheme
(MCS) for communications between a user equipment and a network
node can be assigned and utilized depending on a distance between
the user equipment and the network node. For example, the data
relating to the user equipment 230 can include an assigned MCS to
use for communications transmitted via the first radio access
technology (e.g., LTE or higher generation network technology)
and/or an assigned MCS to use for communications transmitted via
the second radio access technology (e.g., 5G, or NR, or higher
generation network technology). In various embodiments, these MCS
assignments can be used to determine a position of the user
equipment 230 relative to the network node 210 and/or the network
node 220.
[0056] In some embodiments, the data can include information
regarding, or relating to, the capabilities of the user equipment
230. For example, the information can identify whether the user
equipment 230 is equipped with radio access technologies (e.g.,
receivers, transmitters, transceivers, etc.) that support dual
connectivity, whether the user equipment 230 can perform dynamic
power sharing, possible data transfer rates of the user equipment,
and/or the like.
[0057] In various embodiments, the data relating to the user
equipment 230 can additionally, or alternatively, include
information regarding an identity of the user equipment 230, a
direction of movement of the user equipment 230, a speed of travel
of the user equipment 230, physical layer properties of the user
equipment 230, signal round trip times (RTT), historical location
information relating to the user equipment 230, behavior
information relating to the user equipment 230, and/or the like. In
some embodiments, the controller device 250 can be configured to
perform a trajectory analysis of the user equipment 230 to predict
a future location of the user equipment 230 based on some or all of
this information.
[0058] In various embodiments, the controller device 250 can
determine a first split of RF spectrum and a second split of IP
traffic based on one or more information items in the data, such
as, for example, information regarding, or relating to, a Tx power
output associated with a first radio access technology (e.g., an
LTE band), a Tx power associated with a second radio access
technology (e.g., a 5G, or NR band), network resource usage and/or
demand of the user equipment 230 associated with the first radio
access technology, network resource usage and/or demand of the user
equipment 230 associated with the second radio access technology,
signal strength of the network node associated with the first radio
access technology (e.g., the network node 210), signal strength of
the network node associated with the second radio access technology
(e.g., the network node 220), a distance between the user equipment
230 and the network node associated with the first radio access
technology, a distance between the user equipment 230 and the
network node associated with the second radio access technology,
the capabilities of the user equipment 230, a projected trajectory
of the user equipment 230, and/or the like.
[0059] In various embodiments, the controller device 250 can
determine a first split of RF spectrum and a second split of IP
traffic by comparing one or more of the foregoing information items
and one or more corresponding thresholds.
[0060] As shown by reference number 266, the controller device 250
can control (and/or facilitate control of) RF spectrum split and IP
traffic split as described herein. In various embodiments, the
controller device 250 can control (and/or facilitate control of) RF
spectrum split and IP traffic split by providing instructions to
the network node 210, to the network node 220 and/or to the core
network 240.
[0061] In various embodiments, the controller device 250 can be
configured to dynamically control (and/or facilitate control of) RF
spectrum split and IP traffic split as described herein. For
example, the controller device 250 may periodically obtain updated
data relating to the user equipment 230 and, based on the updated
data, repeat some or all of the actions described herein.
[0062] It is to be understood and appreciated that the controller
device 250 can control (and/or facilitate control of) RF spectrum
split and IP traffic split as described herein based on various
combinations of the information items and corresponding
threshold(s). It is also to be understood and appreciated that the
controller device 250 can compare an information item and a single
threshold, as described above, and/or compare an information item
and multiple thresholds, and dynamically control (and/or facilitate
control of) RF spectrum split and IP traffic split as described
herein accordingly.
[0063] It is still further to be understood and appreciated that
the quantity and arrangement of nodes, devices, and networks shown
in FIG. 2A are provided as an example. In practice, there may be
additional nodes, devices, and/or networks, fewer nodes, devices,
and/or networks, different nodes, devices, and/or networks, or
differently arranged nodes, devices, and/or networks than those
shown in FIG. 2A. For example, the network system 200 can include
more or fewer network nodes 210, network nodes 220, user equipment
230, core networks 240, controller devices 250, etc. Furthermore,
two or more nodes or devices shown in FIG. 2A may be implemented
within a single node or device, or a single node or device shown in
FIG. 2A may be implemented as multiple, distributed nodes or
devices. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of nodes or devices
(e.g., one or more nodes or devices) of the network system 200 may
perform one or more functions described as being performed by
another set of nodes or devices of the network system 200.
[0064] Referring now to FIG. 2B, shown is a block diagram
illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a system 290 in
accordance with various aspects described herein. In the example
shown, LTE and NR devices (one of which is shown with call out
number 291 and one of which is shown with call out number 292) are
both served on the same carrier (of course, various embodiments can
operate in the context of any desired number of LTE devices, any
desired number of NR devices and/or any desired number of
dual-connectivity devices). Both LTE and NR cells (shown
collectively with call out number 293) share the same spectrum. In
this example: The NR carrier is combined on LTE carrier; NR and LTE
avoid double use of any resource elements; and Different traffic
volumes (LTE vs. NR) and NR UE penetration require different mixes.
A controller device 294 is in bi-directional operative
communication with the cells 293. The controller device 294 can
comprise, for example, one or more computers and/or one or more
servers. The controller device 294 can operate as a dynamic
spectrum scheduler as described herein to decide on a split between
LTE and NR (e.g., PRB (physical resource block) split between LTE
and NR).
[0065] As described herein, various embodiments provide a mechanism
(such as an algorithm) for determining a split between two radio
access technologies of RF resources and a split between the two
radio access technologies of internet protocol (IP traffic). In one
example describing operation of such an algorithm, the context can
be that a given area is covered by an eNB and a gNB. A number of
UEs are located in that given area. Some UEs are dual-connectivity
(DC) capable, some UEs are LTE capable only, and some UEs are 5G
capable only. The algorithm steps can include the following: (a)
Algorithm monitors UE demand, QoS, and UE coverage and capacity in
each technology (e.g., a given UE may be at cell-edge of gNB(e.g.,
10 Mhz), but at the same time at cell-center of eNB (e.g., 20 Mhz).
Algorithm estimates the maximum throughput that each UE can receive
per technology. Algorithm performs this monitoring task for all UEs
in the given geographic area. Algorithm contrasts UE demand vs.
throughput per technology. (b) Algorithm estimates the aggregated
maximum throughput per technology for all the UEs in the specified
area. Algorithm maps RF resources (e.g., physical resource blocks
(PRBs)) to IP resources (e.g., bytes) per technology. (c) Based on
the information obtained by the algorithm above, the algorithm can
run multiple "what-if-scenarios" to select the most-optimum LTE vs.
5G split to achieve the highest combined throughput (e.g., 6 Mhz to
eNB and 4 Mhz to gNB (out of, e.g., 10 Mhz total)). Algorithm can
use optimization techniques, such as linear programming. Algorithm
can use maximum number of PRBs (physical resource blocks) and MCS
(modulation and coding scheme) assignment as constraints when
selecting the most-optimum LTE vs. 5G split.
[0066] In another example, an algorithm can operate as follows:
[0067] Consider n UE connected to eNB.1 and gNB.1 cells:
[0067] UE.1.demand=.alpha..sub.lte.1+.beta..sub.5G.1, where
.alpha..sub.lte.1<Thr.sub.lte.1 &
.beta..sub.5G.1<Thr.sub.5G.1
UE.2.demand=.alpha..sub.lte.2.beta..sub.5G.2, where
.alpha..sub.lte.2<Thr.sub.lte.2 &
.beta..sub.5G.2<Thr.sub.5G.2
. . .
UE.n.demand=.alpha..sub.lte.n+.beta..sub.5G.n, where
.alpha..sub.lte.n<Thr.sub.lte.n &
.beta..sub.5G.n<Thr.sub.5G.n [0068] Where .alpha..sub.lte.i and
.beta..sub.5G.i are the percentage of the UE demand distributed to
each technology. [0069] Where .alpha..sub.lte.i and .beta..sub.5G.i
can be defined as PRBs (Physical Resources Blocks), MHz, or any
other RF-resource unit. [0070] Where .alpha..sub.lte.i is limited
by the assigned MCS to UE.1, and wherein this constraint is denoted
as Thr.sub.lte.1. Similarly, .beta..sub.5G.1 is limited by
Thr.sub.5G.1 [0071] Further, consider:
[0071] eNB.1.Load=.SIGMA..sub.1.sup.n.alpha..sub.lte.i
gNB.1.Load=.SIGMA..sub.1.sup.n.alpha..sub.lte.i
Total Spectrum=eNB. 1.Load+gNB.1.Load+Overhead [0072] Note that a
control overhead (.about.7% of Spectrum) comes when RF-Spectrum is
split between LTE and 5G cells. If no spectrum sharing is used
(e.g., 100% for eNB and 0% for gNB), then "overhead" is 0% [0073]
Where eNB.i.Load, and gNB.i.Load are expressed in PRBs, or MHz.
These are then translated into corresponding throughput rates in
Mbps and expressed as eNB.1.Throughput and gNB0.1.Throughput:
[0074] eNB.1.Load.fwdarw.eNB.1.Throughput [0075]
gNB.1.Load.fwdarw.gNB.1.Throughput [0076] In this example, the
algorithm will run optimization techniques to select the
most-optimum: {.alpha..sub.lte.1, .alpha..sub.lte.2,
.alpha..sub.lte.n}, and {.beta..sub.5G.1, .beta..sub.5G.2, . . .
.beta..sub.5G.n} arrays. [0077] Once these arrays are selected, the
algorithm will estimate the corresponding eNB.1.Throughput and
gNB.1.Throughput and mandate (or instruct) the element(s) in charge
of IP-split to divide incoming IP traffic accordingly. The
algorithm will also mandate (or instruct) the element(s) in charge
of Spectrum-split to divide Shared RF-Resources between eNB and gNB
based on the corresponding eNB.1. Load and gNB.1.Load
[0078] Referring now to FIG. 2C, various steps of a method 2100
according to an embodiment are shown. As seen in this FIG. 2C, step
2102 comprises obtaining an indication of user equipment demand
associated with a plurality of mobile communication devices that
are wirelessly communicating with a first access point that uses a
first radio access technology and a second access point that uses a
second radio access technology, the plurality of mobile
communication devices comprising at least a plurality of dual
connectivity mobile communication devices, the first radio access
technology being a different radio access technology than the
second radio access technology, and the first access point sharing
a total amount of radio frequency spectrum with the second access
point. Next, step 2104 comprises determining, based at least in
part upon the indication of the user equipment demand, a first
split between the first access point and the second access point of
the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum. Next, step 2106
comprises determining, based at least in part upon the first split
of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum between the
first access point and the second access point, a second split
between the first access point and the second access point of an
internet protocol (IP) traffic flow.
[0079] While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the
respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks
in FIG. 2C, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed
subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some
blocks may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other
blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not
all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods
described herein.
[0080] Referring now to FIG. 2D, various steps of a method 2200
according to an embodiment are shown. As seen in this FIG. 2D, step
2202 comprises determining demand of user equipment, the demand
being associated with a plurality of mobile communication devices,
each of the plurality of mobile communication devices being
configured for wireless communications with one or more of a first
access point and a second access point, the first access point
using a first radio access technology and the second access point
using a second radio access technology, the plurality of mobile
communication devices comprising at least a first mobile
communication device that uses as a first single radio access
technology only the first radio access technology, at least a
second mobile communication device that uses as a second single
radio access technology only the second radio access technology,
and at least a third mobile communication device that uses as a
dual connectivity technology both the first radio access technology
and the second radio access technology, the first radio access
technology being a different radio access technology than the
second radio access technology, and the first access point sharing
a total amount of radio frequency spectrum with the second access
point. Next, step 2204 comprises calculating, based at least in
part upon the demand, a first split between the first access point
and the second access point of the total amount of the radio
frequency spectrum, the first split comprising a first portion of
the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum to allocate to the
first access point and a second portion of the total amount of the
radio frequency spectrum to allocate to the second access point.
Next, step 2106 comprises calculating, based at least in part upon
the first split of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum
between the first access point and the second access point, a
second split of an internet protocol (IP) traffic flow between the
first access point and the second access point.
[0081] While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the
respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks
in FIG. 2D, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed
subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some
blocks may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other
blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not
all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods
described herein.
[0082] Referring now to FIG. 2E, various steps of a method 2300
according to an embodiment are shown. As seen in this FIG. 2E, step
2302 comprises obtaining, by a processing system including a
processor, an indication of user equipment demand associated with a
plurality of mobile communication devices that are wirelessly
communicating with a first access point that uses a first radio
access technology and a second access point that uses a second
radio access technology, the plurality of mobile communication
devices including at least a plurality of dual connectivity mobile
communication devices, the first radio access technology being a
different radio access technology than the second radio access
technology, and the first access point sharing a total amount of
radio frequency spectrum with the second access point. Next, step
2304 comprises obtaining, by the processing system, a respective
location of each of the plurality of mobile communication devices.
Next, step 2306 comprises estimating, by the processing system, a
respective first throughput that can be achieved by each of the
plurality of mobile communication devices for first communications
via the first access technology, the estimating of each respective
first throughput being based at least in part upon each respective
location. Next, step 2308 comprises estimating, by the processing
system, a respective second throughput that can be achieved by each
of the plurality of mobile communication devices for second
communications via the second access technology, the estimating of
each respective second throughput being based at least in part upon
each respective location. Next, step 2310 comprises determining, by
the processing system, based at least in part upon the indication
of the user equipment demand, upon each respective first throughput
and upon each respective second throughput, a first split between
the first access point and the second access point of the total
amount of the radio frequency spectrum, the first split comprising
a first portion of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum
to allocate to the first access point and a second portion of the
total amount of the radio frequency spectrum to allocate to the
second access point. Next, step 2312 comprises determining, based
at least in part upon the first split of the total amount of the
radio frequency spectrum between the first access point and the
second access point, a second split between the first access point
and the second access point of an internet protocol (IP) traffic
flow.
[0083] While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the
respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks
in FIG. 2E, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed
subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some
blocks may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other
blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not
all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods
described herein.
[0084] Referring now to Table 1, below, an example of PRB (physical
resource blocks) vs Spectrum which can be applied to various
embodiments is provided.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 PRB vs. Spectrum Channel bandwidth, MHz 1.4
3 5 10 15 20 Number of Resource Blocks 6 15 25 50 75 100
[0085] Referring now to Table 2, below, an example of Datarate vs.
Spectrum vs. MCS (modulation and coding scheme) which can be
applied to various embodiments is provided.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 DateRate vs. Spectrum vs. MCS DL-Throughput
Calculation (No-MIMO) MCS 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz QPSK 4 Mbps 8 Mbps 16
Mbps 16-QAM 7 Mbps 15 Mbps 30 Mbps 64-QAM 18 Mbps 37 Mbps 75 Mbps
256-QAM 24 Mbps 49 Mbps 98 Mbps
[0086] As described herein, various embodiments can provide systems
and methods for enhancing spectrum sharing over 4G/5G networks. In
various examples, one or more embodiments can operate in the
context of a dual connectivity network (e.g., LTE & NR) in
which spectrum sharing techniques include Instantaneous Spectrum
Sharing (ISS) and/or Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS). In various
examples, one or more embodiments can operate in the context of a
dual connectivity network that facilitates communication with a
number of UEs, wherein some of the UEs are DC capable, some of the
UEs are LTE capable only, and some of the UEs are NR capable
only.
[0087] As described herein, various embodiments can facilitate
orchestrating end-to-end resource sharing between an LTE network
and a 5G network.
[0088] As described herein, various embodiments can facilitate
coordination of elements in charge of IP-Traffic split and
RF-Spectrum split when splitting resources. In one example, a
determination of how the IP-Traffic and the RF-Spectrum should be
split between two different radio access technologies can be based
upon UE demand (of one or more UEs), QoS (associated with one or
more UEs), and/or DC capabilities (of one or more UEs). In another
example, the determination of how the IP-Traffic and the
RF-Spectrum should be split can result in an alignment of available
resources in each RAN technology (thus providing efficient
end-to-end resource management and good user experience).
[0089] In one example, the following undesirable scenario can be
avoided via use of the splitting mechanisms described herein: LTE
IP-Bearer receives large % of total traffic. However, LTE-RAN
receives small % of RF-Spectrum. As a result, eNB-IP side will
backup (large queuing delay). UE-LTE traffic is limited to LTE-RAN
bottleneck.
[0090] As described herein, various embodiments can provide a smart
end-to-end mechanism for spectrum sharing between LTE and 5G
technologies. Various embodiments can provide a mechanism that
monitors UE demand and UE concentration per RAN Technology (e.g.,
LTE vs. 5G) per eNB/gNB and that mandates (or instructs) elements
in charge to split IP-traffic and RF-resources accordingly (per
technology) to the UE demand, coverage and/or QoS. Various
embodiments can provide an algorithm to map RF-Resources (e.g.,
PRBs (physical resource blocks)) to IP-Resources (e.g., bytes) to
avoid inefficient end-to-end resource management.
[0091] As described herein, various embodiments can make a
determination of how IP-Traffic and RF-Spectrum should be split
between two different radio access technologies via use of machine
learning.
[0092] As described herein, various embodiments can facilitate use
of a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) to change a split of
IP-Traffic (e.g., data) and RF-Spectrum in real time (or near real
time) based upon multiple sites (e.g., multiple cell sites).
[0093] As described herein, various embodiments can facilitate
dynamically adjusting split of IP-Traffic (e.g., data) and
RF-Spectrum between 4G and 5G.
[0094] As described herein, various embodiments can facilitate
dynamically adjusting a split of IP-Traffic (e.g., data) and
RF-Spectrum by taking into account: demand (e.g., demand of each
radio access technology); distance from base station (e.g.,
distance of each UE from base station); and/or speed (e.g., speed
of each UE).
[0095] Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown
illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized
communication network in accordance with various aspects described
herein. In particular a virtualized communication network is
presented that can be used to implement some or all of the
subsystems and functions of system 100, the subsystems and
functions of system 180, the subsystems and functions of system
200, the subsystems and functions of system 290, and methods 2100,
2200, 2300 presented in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E. For
example, virtualized communication network 300 can facilitate in
whole or in part determining a first split between a first access
point and a second access point of a total amount of a radio
frequency spectrum that is shared by the first and second access
points and determining (based at least in part upon the first split
of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum) a second split
between the first access point and the second access point of an
internet protocol (IP) traffic flow.
[0096] In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that
leverages cloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and
scalability via a transport layer 350, a virtualized network
function cloud 325 and/or one or more cloud computing environments
375. In various embodiments, this cloud networking architecture is
an open architecture that leverages application programming
interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity from services and operations;
supports more nimble business models; and rapidly and seamlessly
scales to meet evolving customer requirements including traffic
growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity of performance
and reliability expectations.
[0097] In contrast to traditional network elements--which are
typically integrated to perform a single function, the virtualized
communication network employs virtual network elements (VNEs) 330,
332, 334, etc. that perform some or all of the functions of network
elements 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. For example, the network
architecture can provide a substrate of networking capability,
often called Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI)
or simply infrastructure that is capable of being directed with
software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocols to perform
a broad variety of network functions and services. This
infrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most
typical type of substrate being servers that support Network
Function Virtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding
capabilities based on generic computing resources, with specialized
network technologies brought to bear when general purpose
processors or general purpose integrated circuit devices offered by
merchants (referred to herein as merchant silicon) are not
appropriate. In this case, communication services can be
implemented as cloud-centric workloads.
[0098] As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in
FIG. 1A), such as an edge router can be implemented via a VNE 330
composed of NFV software modules, merchant silicon, and associated
controllers. The software can be written so that increasing
workload consumes incremental resources from a common resource
pool, and moreover so that it's elastic: so the resources are only
consumed when needed. In a similar fashion, other network elements
such as other routers, switches, edge caches, and middle-boxes are
instantiated from the common resource pool. Such sharing of
infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planning and
growing infrastructure easier to manage.
[0099] In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber,
cable, wired and/or wireless transport elements, network elements
and interfaces to provide broadband access 110, wireless access
120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or access to content
sources 175 for distribution of content to any or all of the access
technologies. In particular, in some cases a network element needs
to be positioned at a specific place, and this allows for less
sharing of common infrastructure. Other times, the network elements
have specific physical layer adapters that cannot be abstracted or
virtualized, and might require special DSP code and analog
front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementation as
VNEs 330, 332 or 334. These network elements can be included in
transport layer 350.
[0100] The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with
the transport layer 350 to provide the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to
provide specific NFVs. In particular, the virtualized network
function cloud 325 leverages cloud operations, applications, and
architectures to support networking workloads. The virtualized
network elements 330, 332 and 334 can employ network function
software that provides either a one-for-one mapping of traditional
network element function or alternately some combination of network
functions designed for cloud computing. For example, VNEs 330, 332
and 334 can include route reflectors, domain name system (DNS)
servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) servers,
system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility management
entity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers
for IP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers,
distributers and other network elements. Because these elements
don't typically need to forward large amounts of traffic, their
workload can be distributed across a number of servers--each of
which adds a portion of the capability, and overall which creates
an elastic function with higher availability than its former
monolithic version. These virtual network elements 330, 332, 334,
etc. can be instantiated and managed using an orchestration
approach similar to those used in cloud compute services.
[0101] The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the
virtualized network function cloud 325 via APIs that expose
functional capabilities of the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide
the flexible and expanded capabilities to the virtualized network
function cloud 325. In particular, network workloads may have
applications distributed across the virtualized network function
cloud 325 and cloud computing environment 375 and in the commercial
cloud, or might simply orchestrate workloads supported entirely in
NFV infrastructure from these third party locations.
[0102] Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram
of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects
described herein. In order to provide additional context for
various embodiments of the embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and
the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general
description of a suitable computing environment 400 in which the
various embodiments of the subject disclosure can be implemented.
In particular, computing environment 400 can be used in the
implementation of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156, access
terminal 112, base station or access point 122, switching device
132, media terminal 142, and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. Each of
these devices can be implemented via computer-executable
instructions that can run on one or more computers, and/or in
combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of
hardware and software. For example, computing environment 400 can
facilitate in whole or in part determining a first split between a
first access point and a second access point of a total amount of a
radio frequency spectrum that is shared by the first and second
access points and determining (based at least in part upon the
first split of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum) a
second split between the first access point and the second access
point of an internet protocol (IP) traffic flow.
[0103] Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs,
components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or
implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled
in the art will appreciate that the methods can be practiced with
other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor
or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe
computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing
devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics,
and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or
more associated devices.
[0104] As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more
processors as well as other application specific circuits such as
an application specific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit,
state machine, programmable gate array or other circuit that
processes input signals or data and that produces output signals or
data in response thereto. It should be noted that while any
functions and features described herein in association with the
operation of a processor could likewise be performed by a
processing circuit.
[0105] The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be
also practiced in distributed computing environments where certain
tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked
through a communications network. In a distributed computing
environment, program modules can be located in both local and
remote memory storage devices.
[0106] Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media,
which can comprise computer-readable storage media and/or
communications media, which two terms are used herein differently
from one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media can be
any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer
and comprises both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and
non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation,
computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection
with any method or technology for storage of information such as
computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or
unstructured data.
[0107] Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not
limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM),
electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash
memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory
(CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk
storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage
or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or
non-transitory media which can be used to store desired
information. In this regard, the terms "tangible" or
"non-transitory" herein as applied to storage, memory or
computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only
propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not
relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or
computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory
signals per se.
[0108] Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or
more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests,
queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of
operations with respect to the information stored by the
medium.
[0109] Communications media typically embody computer-readable
instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured
or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data
signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and
comprises any information delivery or transport media. The term
"modulated data signal" or signals refers to a signal that has one
or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as
to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example,
and not limitation, communication media comprise wired media, such
as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media
such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
[0110] With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can
comprise a computer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing
unit 404, a system memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus
408 couples system components including, but not limited to, the
system memory 406 to the processing unit 404. The processing unit
404 can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual
microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures can also be
employed as the processing unit 404.
[0111] The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus
structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or
without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus
using any of a variety of commercially available bus
architectures.
[0112] The system memory 406 comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic
input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory
such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM),
EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to
transfer information between elements within the computer 402, such
as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAM
such as static RAM for caching data.
[0113] The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk
drive (HDD) 414 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD 414 can also
be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a
magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write
to a removable diskette 418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g.,
reading a CD-ROM disk 422 or, to read from or write to other high
capacity optical media such as the DVD). The HDD 414, magnetic FDD
416 and optical disk drive 420 can be connected to the system bus
408 by a hard disk drive interface 424, a magnetic disk drive
interface 426 and an optical drive interface 428, respectively. The
hard disk drive interface 424 for external drive implementations
comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394
interface technologies. Other external drive connection
technologies are within contemplation of the embodiments described
herein.
[0114] The drives and their associated computer-readable storage
media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures,
computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer
402, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any
data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of
computer-readable storage media above refers to a hard disk drive
(HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media
such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in
the art that other types of storage media which are readable by a
computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory
cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the example
operating environment, and further, that any such storage media can
contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods
described herein.
[0115] A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and
RAM 412, comprising an operating system 430, one or more
application programs 432, other program modules 434 and program
data 436. All or portions of the operating system, applications,
modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM 412. The systems
and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing various
commercially available operating systems or combinations of
operating systems.
[0116] A user can enter commands and information into the computer
402 through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a
keyboard 438 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other
input devices (not shown) can comprise a microphone, an infrared
(IR) remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch
screen or the like. These and other input devices are often
connected to the processing unit 404 through an input device
interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408, but can be
connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE
1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port,
an IR interface, etc.
[0117] A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also
connected to the system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video
adapter 446. It will also be appreciated that in alternative
embodiments, a monitor 444 can also be any display device (e.g.,
another computer having a display, a smart phone, a tablet
computer, etc.) for receiving display information associated with
computer 402 via any communication means, including via the
Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to the monitor 444,
a computer typically comprises other peripheral output devices (not
shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.
[0118] The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment
using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications
to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448.
The remote computer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer,
a router, a personal computer, portable computer,
microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or
other common network node, and typically comprises many or all of
the elements described relative to the computer 402, although, for
purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storage device 450 is
illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprise
wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452
and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such
LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and
companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such
as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications
network, e.g., the Internet.
[0119] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402
can be connected to the LAN 452 through a wired and/or wireless
communication network interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 can
facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 452, which
can also comprise a wireless AP disposed thereon for communicating
with the adapter 456.
[0120] When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402
can comprise a modem 458 or can be connected to a communications
server on the WAN 454 or has other means for establishing
communications over the WAN 454, such as by way of the Internet.
The modem 458, which can be internal or external and a wired or
wireless device, can be connected to the system bus 408 via the
input device interface 442. In a networked environment, program
modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portions thereof,
can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It will be
appreciated that the network connections shown are example and
other means of establishing a communications link between the
computers can be used.
[0121] The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any
wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless
communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable
computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any
piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly
detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and
telephone. This can comprise Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and
BLUETOOTH.RTM. wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can
be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply
an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.
[0122] Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at
home, a bed in a hotel room or a conference room at work, without
wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a
cell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and
receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base
station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11
(a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast
wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect
computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks
(which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in
the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with
products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can
provide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired
Ethernet networks used in many offices.
[0123] Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network
platform 510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150,
152, 154, 156, and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. For example,
platform 510 can facilitate in whole or in part determining a first
split between a first access point and a second access point of a
total amount of a radio frequency spectrum that is shared by the
first and second access points and determining (based at least in
part upon the first split of the total amount of the radio
frequency spectrum) a second split between the first access point
and the second access point of an internet protocol (IP) traffic
flow. In one or more embodiments, the mobile network platform 510
can generate and receive signals transmitted and received by base
stations or access points such as base station or access point 122.
Generally, mobile network platform 510 can comprise components,
e.g., nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms,
that facilitate both packet-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol
(IP), frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and
circuit-switched (CS) traffic (e.g., voice and data), as well as
control generation for networked wireless telecommunication. As a
non-limiting example, mobile network platform 510 can be included
in telecommunications carrier networks, and can be considered
carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein. Mobile
network platform 510 comprises CS gateway node(s) 512 which can
interface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephony
network(s) 540 (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), or
public land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7)
network 560. CS gateway node(s) 512 can authorize and authenticate
traffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CS
gateway node(s) 512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generated
through SS7 network 560; for instance, mobility data stored in a
visited location register (VLR), which can reside in memory 530.
Moreover, CS gateway node(s) 512 interfaces CS-based traffic and
signaling and PS gateway node(s) 518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS
network, CS gateway node(s) 512 can be realized at least in part in
gateway GPRS support node(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that
functionality and specific operation of CS gateway node(s) 512, PS
gateway node(s) 518, and serving node(s) 516, is provided and
dictated by radio technology(ies) utilized by mobile network
platform 510 for telecommunication over a radio access network 520
with other devices, such as a radiotelephone 575.
[0124] In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic
and signaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and
authenticate PS-based data sessions with served mobile devices.
Data sessions can comprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with
networks external to the mobile network platform 510, like wide
area network(s) (WANs) 550, enterprise network(s) 570, and service
network(s) 580, which can be embodied in local area network(s)
(LANs), can also be interfaced with mobile network platform 510
through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to be noted that WANs 550 and
enterprise network(s) 570 can embody, at least in part, a service
network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Based on radio
technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) or radio
access network 520, PS gateway node(s) 518 can generate packet data
protocol contexts when a data session is established; other data
structures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can be
generated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 can
comprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG)
in 3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate
packetized communication with disparate wireless network(s), such
as Wi-Fi networks.
[0125] In embodiment 500, mobile network platform 510 also
comprises serving node(s) 516 that, based upon available radio
technology layer(s) within technology resource(s) in the radio
access network 520, convey the various packetized flows of data
streams received through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to be noted
that for technology resource(s) that rely primarily on CS
communication, server node(s) can deliver traffic without reliance
on PS gateway node(s) 518; for example, server node(s) can embody
at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, in a
3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s) 516 can be embodied in serving
GPRS support node(s) (SGSN).
[0126] For radio technologies that exploit packetized
communication, server(s) 514 in mobile network platform 510 can
execute numerous applications that can generate multiple disparate
packetized data streams or flows, and manage (e.g., schedule,
queue, format . . . ) such flows. Such application(s) can comprise
add-on features to standard services (for example, provisioning,
billing, customer support . . . ) provided by mobile network
platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that are part of a
voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gateway node(s)
518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a data
session, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter.
In addition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise
utility server(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning
server, an operations and maintenance server, a security server
that can implement at least in part a certificate authority and
firewalls as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In an
aspect, security server(s) secure communication served through
mobile network platform 510 to ensure network's operation and data
integrity in addition to authorization and authentication
procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512 and PS gateway node(s) 518
can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s) can provision services
from external network(s) like networks operated by a disparate
service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or Global Positioning
System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s) can
also provision coverage through networks associated to mobile
network platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same
service provider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown
in FIG. 1(s) that enhance wireless service coverage by providing
more network coverage.
[0127] It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or
more processors configured to confer at least in part the
functionality of mobile network platform 510. To that end, the one
or more processor can execute code instructions stored in memory
530, for example. It is should be appreciated that server(s) 514
can comprise a content manager, which operates in substantially the
same manner as described hereinbefore.
[0128] In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information
related to operation of mobile network platform 510. Other
operational information can comprise provisioning information of
mobile devices served through mobile network platform 510,
subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes,
e.g., promotional rates, flat-rate programs, couponing campaigns;
technical specification(s) consistent with telecommunication
protocols for operation of disparate radio, or wireless, technology
layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can also store information from at
least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN 550, SS7 network 560, or
enterprise network(s) 570. In an aspect, memory 530 can be, for
example, accessed as part of a data store component or as a
remotely connected memory store.
[0129] In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the
disclosed subject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are
intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable
environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject
matter can be implemented. While the subject matter has been
described above in the general context of computer-executable
instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and/or
computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the
disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination
with other program modules. Generally, program modules comprise
routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform
particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data
types.
[0130] Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a
communication device 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can
serve as an illustrative embodiment of devices such as data
terminals 114, mobile devices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144
or other client devices for communication via either communications
network 125. For example, computing device 600 can facilitate in
whole or in part determining a first split between a first access
point and a second access point of a total amount of a radio
frequency spectrum that is shared by the first and second access
points and determining (based at least in part upon the first split
of the total amount of the radio frequency spectrum) a second split
between the first access point and the second access point of an
internet protocol (IP) traffic flow.
[0131] The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or
wireless transceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface
(UI) 604, a power supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion
sensor 618, an orientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for
managing operations thereof. The transceiver 602 can support
short-range or long-range wireless access technologies such as
Bluetooth.RTM., ZigBee.RTM., WiFi, DECT, or cellular communication
technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth.RTM. and ZigBee.RTM.
are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth.RTM. Special Interest
Group and the ZigBee.RTM. Alliance, respectively). Cellular
technologies can include, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA,
GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO, WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next
generation wireless communication technologies as they arise. The
transceiver 602 can also be adapted to support circuit-switched
wireline access technologies (such as PSTN), packet-switched
wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP, etc.), and
combinations thereof.
[0132] The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive
keypad 608 with a navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a
joystick, a mouse, or a navigation disk for manipulating operations
of the communication device 600. The keypad 608 can be an integral
part of a housing assembly of the communication device 600 or an
independent device operably coupled thereto by a tethered wireline
interface (such as a USB cable) or a wireless interface supporting
for example Bluetooth.RTM.. The keypad 608 can represent a numeric
keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTY keypad with
alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display 610
such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED
(Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology
for conveying images to an end user of the communication device
600. In an embodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a
portion or all of the keypad 608 can be presented by way of the
display 610 with navigation features.
[0133] The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also
serve as a user interface for detecting user input. As a touch
screen display, the communication device 600 can be adapted to
present a user interface having graphical user interface (GUI)
elements that can be selected by a user with a touch of a finger.
The display 610 can be equipped with capacitive, resistive or other
forms of sensing technology to detect how much surface area of a
user's finger has been placed on a portion of the touch screen
display. This sensing information can be used to control the
manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the user
interface. The display 610 can be an integral part of the housing
assembly of the communication device 600 or an independent device
communicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface
(such as a cable) or a wireless interface.
[0134] The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that
utilizes audio technology for conveying low volume audio (such as
audio heard in proximity of a human ear) and high volume audio
(such as speakerphone for hands free operation). The audio system
612 can further include a microphone for receiving audible signals
of an end user. The audio system 612 can also be used for voice
recognition applications. The UI 604 can further include an image
sensor 613 such as a charged coupled device (CCD) camera for
capturing still or moving images.
[0135] The power supply 614 can utilize common power management
technologies such as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply
regulation technologies, and/or charging system technologies for
supplying energy to the components of the communication device 600
to facilitate long-range or short-range portable communications.
Alternatively, or in combination, the charging system can utilize
external power sources such as DC power supplied over a physical
interface such as a USB port or other suitable tethering
technologies.
[0136] The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology
such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of
assisted GPS for identifying a location of the communication device
600 based on signals generated by a constellation of GPS
satellites, which can be used for facilitating location services
such as navigation. The motion sensor 618 can utilize motion
sensing technology such as an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or other
suitable motion sensing technology to detect motion of the
communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. The
orientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology
such as a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the
communication device 600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as
combined orientations in degrees, minutes, or other suitable
orientation metrics).
[0137] The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to
also determine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth.RTM., or
other wireless access points by sensing techniques such as
utilizing a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal
time of arrival (TOA) or time of flight (TOF) measurements. The
controller 606 can utilize computing technologies such as a
microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), programmable gate
arrays, application specific integrated circuits, and/or a video
processor with associated storage memory such as Flash, ROM, RAM,
SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executing computer
instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by the
aforementioned components of the communication device 600.
[0138] Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or
more embodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the
communication device 600 can include a slot for adding or removing
an identity module such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card
or Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can
be used for identifying subscriber services, executing programs,
storing subscriber data, and so on.
[0139] The terms "first," "second," "third," and so forth, as used
in the claims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity
only and doesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For
instance, "a first determination," "a second determination," and "a
third determination," does not indicate or imply that the first
determination is to be made before the second determination, or
vice versa, etc.
[0140] In the subject specification, terms such as "store,"
"storage," "data store," data storage," "database," and
substantially any other information storage component relevant to
operation and functionality of a component, refer to "memory
components," or entities embodied in a "memory" or components
comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory
components described herein can be either volatile memory or
nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile and nonvolatile
memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatile
memory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage.
Further, nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory
(ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM
(EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
Volatile memory can comprise random access memory (RAM), which acts
as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not
limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM
(SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data
rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM
(SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the
disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are
intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these
and any other suitable types of memory.
[0141] Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter
can be practiced with other computer system configurations,
comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems,
mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal
computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone,
smartphone, watch, tablet computers, netbook computers, etc.),
microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial
electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects can also be
practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are
performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a
communications network; however, some if not all aspects of the
subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a
distributed computing environment, program modules can be located
in both local and remote memory storage devices.
[0142] In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of
services can be generated including services being accessed, media
consumption history, user preferences, and so forth. This
information can be obtained by various methods including user
input, detecting types of communications (e.g., video content vs.
audio content), analysis of content streams, sampling, and so
forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring of this
information can be responsive to an authorization provided by the
user. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be
subject to authorization from user(s) associated with the data,
such as an opt-in, an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements,
notifications, selective authorization based on types of data, and
so forth.
[0143] Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ
artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more
features described herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection
with automatically determining a first split between a first access
point and a second access point of a total amount of a radio
frequency spectrum that is shared by the first and second access
points and automatically determining (based at least in part upon
the first split of the total amount of the radio frequency
spectrum) a second split between the first access point and the
second access point of an internet protocol (IP) traffic flow) can
employ various AI-based schemes for carrying out various
embodiments thereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to
determine a ranking or priority of each cell site of the acquired
network. A classifier is a function that maps an input attribute
vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . , xn), to a confidence that the
input belongs to a class, that is, f(x)=confidence (class). Such
classification can employ a probabilistic and/or statistical-based
analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysis utilities and costs) to
determine or infer an action that a user desires to be
automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is an
example of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates by
finding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which the
hypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from the
non-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classification
correct for testing data that is near, but not identical to
training data. Other directed and undirected model classification
approaches comprise, e.g., naive Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision
trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic
classification models providing different patterns of independence
can be employed. Classification as used herein also is inclusive of
statistical regression that is utilized to develop models of
priority.
[0144] As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the
embodiments can employ classifiers that are explicitly trained
(e.g., via a generic training data) as well as implicitly trained
(e.g., via observing UE behavior, operator preferences, historical
information, receiving extrinsic information). For example, SVMs
can be configured via a learning or training phase within a
classifier constructor and feature selection module. Thus, the
classifier(s) can be used to automatically learn and perform a
number of functions, including but not limited to determining
according to predetermined criteria a first split between a first
access point and a second access point of a total amount of a radio
frequency spectrum that is shared by the first and second access
points and determining according to predetermined criteria (based
at least in part upon the first split of the total amount of the
radio frequency spectrum) a second split between the first access
point and the second access point of an internet protocol (IP)
traffic flow, etc.
[0145] As used in some contexts in this application, in some
embodiments, the terms "component," "system" and the like are
intended to refer to, or comprise, a computer-related entity or an
entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more
specific functionalities, wherein the entity can be either
hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or
software in execution. As an example, a component may be, but is
not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a
processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution,
computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By
way of illustration and not limitation, both an application running
on a server and the server can be a component. One or more
components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution
and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed
between two or more computers. In addition, these components can
execute from various computer readable media having various data
structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local
and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having
one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting
with another component in a local system, distributed system,
and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via
the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus
with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated
by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a
software or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein
the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and
executes at least a part of the software or firmware application.
As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that
provides specific functionality through electronic components
without mechanical parts, the electronic components can comprise a
processor therein to execute software or firmware that confers at
least in part the functionality of the electronic components. While
various components have been illustrated as separate components, it
will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as
a single component, or a single component can be implemented as
multiple components, without departing from example
embodiments.
[0146] Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a
method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standard
programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software,
firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control a computer
to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term "article of
manufacture" as used herein is intended to encompass a computer
program accessible from any computer-readable device or
computer-readable storage/communications media. For example,
computer readable storage media can include, but are not limited
to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,
magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital
versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g.,
card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art will
recognize many modifications can be made to this configuration
without departing from the scope or spirit of the various
embodiments.
[0147] In addition, the words "example" and "exemplary" are used
herein to mean serving as an instance or illustration. Any
embodiment or design described herein as "example" or "exemplary"
is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous
over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word example
or exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion.
As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an
inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless
specified otherwise or clear from context, "X employs A or B" is
intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That
is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X
employs A or B" is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances.
In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in this application
and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean "one
or more" unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be
directed to a singular form.
[0148] Moreover, terms such as "user equipment," "mobile station,"
"mobile," subscriber station," "access terminal," "terminal,"
"handset," "mobile device" (and/or terms representing similar
terminology) can refer to a wireless device utilized by a
subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive
or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming or
substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing
terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with reference to the
related drawings.
[0149] Furthermore, the terms "user," "subscriber," "customer,"
"consumer" and the like are employed interchangeably throughout,
unless context warrants particular distinctions among the terms. It
should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities
or automated components supported through artificial intelligence
(e.g., a capacity to make inference based, at least, on complex
mathematical formalisms), which can provide simulated vision, sound
recognition and so forth.
[0150] As employed herein, the term "processor" can refer to
substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising,
but not limited to comprising, single-core processors;
single-processors with software multithread execution capability;
multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software
multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with
hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel
platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor
can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific
integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a
field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic
controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a
discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or
any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described
herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as,
but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors,
switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance
performance of user equipment. A processor can also be implemented
as a combination of computing processing units.
[0151] As used herein, terms such as "data storage," data storage,"
"database," and substantially any other information storage
component relevant to operation and functionality of a component,
refer to "memory components," or entities embodied in a "memory" or
components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the
memory components or computer-readable storage media, described
herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory or can
include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.
[0152] What has been described above includes mere examples of
various embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe
every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for
purposes of describing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in
the art can recognize that many further combinations and
permutations of the present embodiments are possible. Accordingly,
the embodiments disclosed and/or claimed herein are intended to
embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that
fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in
either the detailed description or the claims, such term is
intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term
"comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a
transitional word in a claim.
[0153] In addition, a flow diagram may include a "start" and/or
"continue" indication. The "start" and "continue" indications
reflect that the steps presented can optionally be incorporated in
or otherwise used in conjunction with other routines. In this
context, "start" indicates the beginning of the first step
presented and may be preceded by other activities not specifically
shown. Further, the "continue" indication reflects that the steps
presented may be performed multiple times and/or may be succeeded
by other activities not specifically shown. Further, while a flow
diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, other orderings
are likewise possible provided that the principles of causality are
maintained.
[0154] As may also be used herein, the term(s) "operably coupled
to", "coupled to", and/or "coupling" includes direct coupling
between items and/or indirect coupling between items via one or
more intervening items. Such items and intervening items include,
but are not limited to, junctions, communication paths, components,
circuit elements, circuits, functional blocks, and/or devices. As
an example of indirect coupling, a signal conveyed from a first
item to a second item may be modified by one or more intervening
items by modifying the form, nature or format of information in a
signal, while one or more elements of the information in the signal
are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can be recognized by the
second item. In a further example of indirect coupling, an action
in a first item can cause a reaction on the second item, as a
result of actions and/or reactions in one or more intervening
items.
[0155] Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and
described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement
which achieves the same or similar purpose may be substituted for
the embodiments described or shown by the subject disclosure. The
subject disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or
variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above
embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described
herein, can be used in the subject disclosure. For instance, one or
more features from one or more embodiments can be combined with one
or more features of one or more other embodiments. In one or more
embodiments, features that are positively recited can also be
negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or without
replacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The
steps or functions described with respect to the embodiments of the
subject disclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or
functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subject
disclosure can be performed alone or in combination with other
steps or functions of the subject disclosure, as well as from other
embodiments or from other steps that have not been described in the
subject disclosure. Further, more than or less than all of the
features described with respect to an embodiment can also be
utilized.
* * * * *