U.S. patent application number 17/590207 was filed with the patent office on 2022-05-19 for method of controlling growth of als-tolerant plants.
The applicant listed for this patent is ROTAM AGROCHEM INTERNATIONAL COMPANY LIMITED. Invention is credited to James Timothy Bristow.
Application Number | 20220151231 17/590207 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-05-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220151231 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bristow; James Timothy |
May 19, 2022 |
METHOD OF CONTROLLING GROWTH OF ALS-TOLERANT PLANTS
Abstract
A method for the control of the growth of ALS-resistant plants
is provided, the method comprising applying to the plants and/or
their locus a herbicidally effective amount of a combination of (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas. A composition
comprising a combination of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas is also provided.
Inventors: |
Bristow; James Timothy;
(Chai Wan, HK) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ROTAM AGROCHEM INTERNATIONAL COMPANY LIMITED |
Chai Wan |
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HK |
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Appl. No.: |
17/590207 |
Filed: |
February 1, 2022 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15773541 |
May 3, 2018 |
11272708 |
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PCT/CN2016/098775 |
Sep 13, 2016 |
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17590207 |
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International
Class: |
A01N 43/707 20060101
A01N043/707; A01P 13/02 20060101 A01P013/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 23, 2015 |
EP |
15202599.5 |
Claims
1. A method for the control of the growth of ALS-resistant plants
comprising applying to the plants and/or their locus a herbicidally
effective amount of a combination of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or
more sulfonylureas.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more
sulfonylureas are selected from amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron,
bensulfuron, chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron,
cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron,
flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron,
imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, iofensulfuron, metazosulfuron,
methiopyrisulfuron, metsulfuron, mesosulfuron, monosulfuron,
nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron,
propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron,
sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron,
tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron;
preferably wherein the one or more sulfonylureas are selected from
thifensulfuron, tribenuron, metsulfuron, sulfosulfuron,
amidosulfuron, mesosulfuron, iodosulfuron, rimsulfuron,
nicosulfuron and halosulfuron.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the components (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas are applied at an
application rate of from 0.03 kilograms/hectare (kg/ha) to 2 kg/ha
of the total amount of active ingredients being applied.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein component (A)
metribuzin is applied in an amount of at least 5 g/ha.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more
sulfonylureas are applied in a total amount of at least 1 g/ha.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas is up to 400:1.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas is greater than
1:20.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the components (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas are applied to the
plants and/or their locus post-emergence.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ALS-resistant
plants are present in a crop of wheat, including both soft wheat
and durum wheat, barley, rye, oats, maize, rice, sorghum,
triticale, beans, lentils, peas, soybeans, and peanuts, cotton,
flax, hemp, jute, spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots,
onions, tomatoes, potatoes, or paprika; preferably wherein the
ALS-resistant plants are present in a crop of wheat, including both
soft wheat and durum wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale, maize,
rice, soybeans, cotton, tomatoes and potatoes; more preferably
wherein the ALS-resistant plants are present in a crop of wheat,
including both soft wheat and durum wheat, barley, rye, oats and
triticale.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ALS-tolerant
plants comprise Stellaria spp., Papaver spp. or Matricaria spp.;
preferably wherein the ALS-tolerant plants comprise Stellaria
media, Papaver rhoeas, Matricaria chamomilla or Matricaria
inodora.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein components (A) and (B)
are applied in the form of one or more formulations selected from
water-dispersible granules (WDG), water-soluble granules (SG) and
oil-based suspension concentrates (OD).
12. A composition for the control of ALS-tolerant plants comprising
a herbicidally effective amount of a combination of (A) metribuzin
and (B) one or more sulfonylureas.
13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the one or more
sulfonylureas are selected from thifensulfuron, tribenuron,
metsulfuron, sulfosulfuron, amidosulfuron, mesosulfuron,
iodosulfuron, rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron and halosulfuron.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the components (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas are applied at an
application rate of from 0.05 kg/ha to 1.5 kg/ha of the total
amount of active ingredients.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein component (A)
metribuzin is applied in an amount of at least 20 g/ha.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more
sulfonylureas are applied in a total amount of at least 2 g/ha.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of
(A) metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas is up to 70:1.
18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of
(A) metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas is up to 10:1.
19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of
(A) metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas is greater than
1:5.
Description
[0001] This U.S. patent application is a 371 national phase entry
of PCT/CN2016/098775, filed 13 Sep. 2016, which claims EP Patent
Application No. EP15202599.5, filed on Dec. 23, 2015, the contents
of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
[0002] The present invention relates to a method of controlling the
growth of ALS-tolerant plants.
2. Related Art
[0003] The protection of crops from undesirable vegetation, which
inhibits crop growth, is a constantly recurring problem in
agriculture. To solve this problem, researchers are trying to
develop an extensive range of chemicals and chemical formulations
effective in the control of such undesirable growth. Chemical
herbicides of many types have been disclosed in the literature and
a large number are in commercial use.
[0004] However, one problem that is now emerging through continued
use of chemical herbicides is the development of plants exhibiting
resistance or tolerance to one or more herbicidally active
ingredients. One particular class of herbicides that are facing
increasing tolerance in the target plants is the sulfonylureas.
Sulfonylureas are branched chain amino acid synthesis (ALS)
inhibitors. The compounds act by inhibiting biosynthesis of the
essential amino acids valine and isoleucine, thereby stopping cell
division in the plant and plant growth. There is an increasing
occurrence of plants developing ALS inhibitor-tolerance, which in
turn reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of sulfonylureas in
controlling the growth of such plants. In some cases, certain
undesirable plants have developed tolerance to ALS-inhibitors to
such an extent that sulfonylureas exhibit little or no activity in
their control.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need for an improved method for
controlling the growth of plants exhibiting ALS inhibitor-tolerance
(referred to herein as `ALS-tolerant plants`).
[0006] Metribuzin (IUPAC name:
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one;
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one) is a
triazinone herbicide and has the following chemical structure:
##STR00001##
[0007] Metribuzin is an inhibitor of photosynthesis in plants. The
compound can be absorbed by roots and leaves of the plants and then
translocate in the xylem. Metribuzin is active in the control of
grasses and broad-leaved weeds. Metribuzin is commercially
available in herbicidal compositions and methods for its
preparation are known in the art.
[0008] Surprisingly, it has been found that a combination of
metribuzin with one or more sulfonylureas provides an effective
treatment for ALS-tolerant plants and allows the plant growth to be
controlled. In particular, it has been found that the combination
of metribuzin and one or more sulfonylureas displays a synergistic
effect in the control of ALS-tolerant plants and exhibits an
activity that is significantly greater than the activity of
metribuzin alone or the level of activity expected from the
combination of the individual active ingredients.
[0009] Combinations of sulfonylureas and triazinone herbicides are
suggested in WO 95/08265, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,872,689, 6,221,809 and
5,990,047. However, there is no specific example of a combination
of metribuzin and a sulfonyl urea. More particularly, there is
nothing teaching or suggesting that a combination of metribuzin and
one or more sulfonylureas exhibits a synergistic effect in the
control of ALS-intolerant plants, as has now been found.
SUMMARY
[0010] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention
provides a method for the control of the growth of ALS-resistant
plants, the method comprising applying to the plants and/or their
locus a herbicidally effective amount of a combination of (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas.
[0011] In a further aspect, the present invention provides the use
of a herbicidally effective amount of a combination of (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas in the control of the
growth of ALS-resistant plants.
[0012] The present invention also provides a composition for the
control of ALS-tolerant plants comprising a herbicidally effective
amount of a combination of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
[0013] The term "herbicide" as used herein, refers to a compound
that exhibits activity in the control of the growth of plants. The
term "herbicidally effective amount" as used herein, refers to the
quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds that
is capable of producing a controlling effect on the growth of
plants. A controlling effect includes all deviations from the
natural development and growth of the plant, including, for
example, killing the plant, retardation of one or more aspects of
the development and growth of the plant, leaf burn, albinism,
dwarfing and the like.
[0014] The term "plants" as used herein refers to all physical
parts of a plant, including shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems,
fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
[0015] If the abbreviation of the "common name" of the herbicides
is used in the present specification, it is to be understood as
including all conventional derivatives, such as the esters, in
particular the lower alkyl esters, especially the methyl ester, and
salts, and isomers, in particular the optical isomers, and all
commercially available form or forms of the compound. If the
"common name" refers to an ester or salt, this also includes all of
the other usual derivatives, such as other esters and salts, the
free acids, neutral compounds and isomers, in particular optical
isomers, and all commercially available form or forms. The chemical
compound names stated refer at least to one of the compounds
encompassed by the "common name", frequently to a preferred
compound. In the case of sulfonylureas, salts also include those
which are formed by exchanging a hydrogen atom on the sulfonamide
group by a cation.
[0016] The present invention employs a combination of (A)
metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas. The invention may
employ a plurality of different sulfonylureas, for example a
mixture of 2, 3 or more sulfonylureas as component (B). In many
preferred embodiments, component (B) is a single sulfonylureas.
[0017] As noted above, metribuzin is a known herbicidal compound
and is available commercially.
[0018] Similarly, suitable herbicidal sulfonylureas for use in the
present invention are known in the art and are commercially
available. Suitable sulfonylureas for use as component (B) are, for
example, amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron,
chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron,
ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron,
foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron,
iofensulfuron, metazosulfuron, methiopyrisulfuron, metsulfuron,
mesosulfuron, monosulfuron, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron,
oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron,
pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron,
thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron,
triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron. Preferred sulfonylureas are
thifensulfuron, tribenuron, metsulfuron, sulfosulfuron,
amidosulfuron, mesosulfuron, iodosulfuron, rimsulfuron,
nicosulfuron and halosulfuron.
[0019] In one embodiment, the present invention employs as
component (B) one or more sulfonylureas, with the proviso that
component (B) is not metsulfuron-methyl or thifensulfuron-methyl or
tribenuron-methyl, in particular with the proviso that the
invention does not employ a combination of metribuzin and
metsulfuron-methyl or thifensulfuron-methyl or tribenuron-methyl,
or with the proviso that the invention does not employ a
combination of metribuzin, florasulam and metsulfuron-methyl or
thifensulfuron-methyl or tribenuron-methyl.
[0020] In general, the application rate of the active ingredients
(A) metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas depends on such
factors as the type of weed, type of crop plant, soil type, season,
climate, soil ecology and various other factors. The application
rate of the components for a given set of conditions can readily be
determined by routine trials.
[0021] In general the components (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas can be applied at an application rate of from about
0.03 kilograms/hectare (kg/ha) to about 2 kg/ha of the total amount
of active ingredients being applied. Preferably, the application
rate is from about 0.05 kg/ha to about 1.5 kg/ha of the total
amount of active ingredients.
[0022] Metribuzin may be applied in an amount of at least 5 g/ha,
preferably at least 10 g/ha, more preferably at least 15 g/ha,
still more preferably at least 20 g/ha. Metribuzin may be applied
at an application rate of up to 700 g/ha, preferably up to 600
g/ha, more preferably up to 500 g/ha, more preferably still up to
400 g/ha. For many embodiments an application rate of up to 100
g/ha is very suitable. In some preferred embodiments, metribuzin is
applied in an amount of 70 g/ha.
[0023] The one or more sulfonylureas may be applied in a total
amount of at least 1 g/ha, preferably at least 1.5 g/ha, more
preferably at least 2 g/ha. In many embodiments, an application
rate of at least 5 g/ha, preferably at least 10 g/ha is very
suitable. The one or more sulfonylureas may be applied in a total
amount of up to 200 g/ha, preferably up to 150 g/ha, more
preferably up to 125 g/ha, still more preferably up to 100 g/ha.
For many embodiments, an application rate of from 30 g/ha to 80
g/ha is very suitable.
[0024] The synergistic effects of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or
more sulfonylureas when combined or used together are exhibited in
a wide range of weight ratios of the two components. The components
(A) and (B) may be applied in similar or equal amounts. Component
(B), one or more sulfonylureas, may be applied in larger amounts by
weight than component (A), metribuzin. More preferably for many
embodiments, component (A) metribuzin is applied in a higher amount
by weight than component (B) one or more sulfonylureas.
[0025] In the method of the present invention, the weight ratio of
(A) metribuzin and (B) one or more sulfonylureas preferably is up
to 400:1, more preferably up to 300:1, still more preferably up to
200:1, more preferably still up to 150:1, with a ratio up to 70:1
being preferred in many embodiments. For many embodiments, a weight
ratio of (A) metribuzin to (B) one or more sulfonylureas of up to
20:1 is very suitable, preferably up to 15:1, more preferably up to
10:1, for example up to 5:1.
[0026] The weight ratio of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas is preferably greater than 1:20, more preferably
greater than 1:10, still more preferably greater than 1:5, more
preferably still greater than 1:2, with a ratio of greater than 1:1
being suitable for many embodiments. The weight ratio of metribuzin
to sulfonyl urea preferably lies within the range of from 300:1 to
1:5. Preferably, the weight ratio of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or
more sulfonylureas is from about 250:1 to about 1:4, more
preferably from about 200:1 to about 1:1 still more preferably from
about 100:1 to about 1:1, more preferably still from about 70:1 to
about 1:1. In many embodiments, the weight ratio of (A) metribuzin
to (B) one or more sulfonylureas is from 1:1 to 15:1, preferably
from 1:1 to 10:1, still more preferably from 1:1 to 5:1.
[0027] The components (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas may be applied to the plants and/or their locus
simultaneously and/or consecutively. The components may be employed
in the form of separate formulations. Alternatively, the components
may be employed as a mixture in a single formulation.
[0028] The components (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas may be applied at any stage in the growth of the
plants to be controlled. For example, the components may be applied
to a locus pre-emergence, for example as a soil treatment.
Alternatively or in addition, the components may be applied
post-emergence of the plants to be controlled, for example as a
foliar application or a soil treatment. The present invention has
been found to be particularly effective in the control of a range
of ALS-resistant plants when applied post-emergence.
[0029] The components (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas may be applied to the plants or their locus once.
Alternatively, the components may be applied a plurality of times.
Effective control of undesirable plants has been achieved using a
single application of the components or two applications spaced
apart in time.
[0030] The combination of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas is useful in treating a range of crops, including
cereals, for example wheat, including both soft wheat and durum
wheat, barley, rye, oats, maize, rice, sorghum, triticale and
related crops; fruit, such as pomes, stone fruit and soft fruit,
for example apples, grapes, pears, plums, peaches, almonds,
cherries, and berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and
blackberries; leguminous plants, for example beans, lentils, peas,
soybeans, and peanuts; oil plants, for example rape, mustard, and
sunflowers; cucurbitaceae, for example marrows, cucumbers, and
melons; fibre plants, for example cotton, flax, hemp, and jute;
citrus fruit, for example oranges, lemons, grapefruit and
mandarins; vegetables, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus,
cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, and paprika;
ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and
evergreens, for example conifers, as well as sugarcane.
[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is used for
controlling growth of undesirable plants in cereals, leguminous
plants, fibre plants and vegetables, preferably in wheat, including
both soft wheat and durum wheat, barley, rye, oats, maize, rice,
sorghum, triticale, beans, lentils, peas, soybeans, and peanuts,
cotton, flax, hemp, jute, spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages,
carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, and paprika, more preferably
in wheat, including both soft wheat and durum wheat, barley, rye,
oats, triticale, maize, rice, soybeans, cotton, tomatoes and
potatoes.
[0032] The present invention has been found to be particularly
effective in the control of undesirable ALS-resistant plants in
wheat, including both soft wheat and durum wheat, barley, rye, oats
and triticale.
[0033] Suitable crops that may be treated include those which are
tolerant to metribuzin and sulfonylureas. The tolerance can be
natural tolerance produced by selective breeding or can be
artificially introduced by genetic modification of the crop plants.
In this respect, `tolerance` means a low susceptibility to damage
caused by one or more particular herbicides, in the present case
metribuzin and sulfonylureas.
[0034] The present invention finds use in the control of a wide
range of plants that have developed tolerance or resistance to
ALS-inhibitors, in particular sulfonylureas. ALS-tolerant plants
that may be controlled include broadleaved weeds, grasses and
sedges, for example, Abutilon spp.; Acalypha spp.; Acanthospermum
spp.; Agrostemma spp.; Alopecurus spp.; Amaranthus spp.; Ambrosia
spp.; Amsinckia spp.; Anoda spp.; Anthemis spp.; Asperugo spp.;
Atriplex spp.; Avena spp.; Boraginaceae spp.; Brachiaria spp.;
Brassica spp.; Bromus spp.; Camelina spp.; Capsella spp.; Cardamine
spp.; Cassia spp.; Cenchrus spp.; Cerastium spp.; Chenopodium spp.;
Chorispora spp.; Claytonia spp.; Conyza spp.; Cyperus spp.;
Dactyloctenium spp.; Datura spp.; Descurainia spp.; Desmodium spp.;
Digitaria spp.; Draba spp.; Echinochloa spp.; Eleusine spp.; Elymus
spp.; Eragrostis spp.; Eriochloa spp.; Erodium spp.; Eupatorium
spp.; Euphorbia spp.; Fallopia spp.; Fumaria spp.; Galeopsis spp.;
Galinsoga spp.; Galium spp.; Geranium spp.; Glebionis spp.;
Helianthus spp.; Hibiscus spp.; Hordeum spp.; Ipomoea spp.;
Jacquemontia spp.; Kochia spp.; Lactuca spp.; Lamium spp.; Lepidium
spp.; Leptochloa spp.; Lithospermum spp.; Lolium spp.; Matricaria
spp.; Melochia spp.; Mercurialis spp.; Mollugo spp.; Myosotis spp.;
Oenothera spp.; Oryza spp.; Panicum spp.; Papaver spp.; Persicaria
spp.; Poa spp.; Polemonium spp.; Polygonum spp.; Portulaca spp.;
Ranunculus spp.; Raphanus spp.; Reseda spp.; Richardia spp.; Rumex
spp.; Senecio spp.; Sesbania spp.; Setaria spp.; Sida spp.; Sinapis
spp.; Sisymbrium spp.; Slda spp.; Solanum spp.; Sonchus spp.;
Sorghum spp.; Spergula spp.; Stellaria spp.; Thlaspi spp.;
Trifolium spp.; Triticum spp.; Urtica spp.; Vaccaria spp.; Veronica
spp.; Vicia spp.; Viola spp.; and Xanthium spp.
[0035] The combination of (A) metribuzin and (B) one or more
sulfonylureas is effective in the control of the following plants
which have developed ALS-tolerant varieties: Velvetleaf (Abutilon
theophrasti); Hophombeam Copperleaf (Acalypha ostryifolia); Bristly
Starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum); Comcockle (Agrostemma githago);
Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides); Pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.);
Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia); Tarweed fiddleneck
(Amsinckia lycopsoides); Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata); Mayweeds
(Anthemis cotula); Catchweed (Madwort) (Asperugo procumbens);
Common orache (Atriplex patula); Wild-Oat (Avena fatua); Wild Oats
(Avena spp.); Bugloss (Boraginaceae); Broadleaf Signalprass
(Brachiaria platyphylla); Volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus);
Wild Mustards (Brassica spp.); Rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus);
Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus); Ripgut brome (Bromus rigidus);
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); Smallseed falseflax (Camelina
microcarpa); Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris);
Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta); Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia);
Sandbur (Cenchrus spp.); Mousear chickweed (Cerastium vulgatum);
Fat-hen (Chenopodium album); Lambsquarters (Chenopodium spp.); Blue
mustard (Chorispora tenella); Miners lettuce (Claytonia
perfoliata); Horseweed Marestail (Conyza canadensis); Yellow
nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus); Crowfootgrass (Dactyloctenium
aegyptium); Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium); Tansy mustard
(Descurainia pinnata); Florida Beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum);
Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.); Spring whitlowgrass (Vernal) (Draba
verna); Junglerice (Echinochloa colonum); Barnyardgrass
(Echinochloa crus-galli); Goosegrass (Eleusine indica); Common
couch (Elymus repens); Stinkgrass (Eragrostis spp.); Cupgrass
(Eriochloa gracilis); Filaree, Redstem (Erodium cicutarium);
Dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium); Spurge, Sun (Euphorbia
helioscopia); Spotted Spurge (Euphorbia maculata); Black-bindweed
(Fallopia convolvulus); Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis); Hemp-nettle
(Galeopsis); Galinsoga (Galinsoga spp.); Cleavers (Galium aparine);
Crane's-bill (Geranium); Geranium (Geranium spp.); Corn Marigold
(Glebionis segetum); Sunflower (Helianthus spp.); Venice Mallow
(Hibiscus trionum); Little barley (Hordeum pusillum); Morningqlory,
Ivyleaf (Ipomoea hederacea); Morningglory, Pitted (Ipomoea
lacunosa); Tall morningqlory (Ipomoea purpurea); Smallflower
momingqlory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia); Kochia (Kochia scoparia);
Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola); Henbit dead-nettle (Lamium
amplexicaule); Red deadnette (Lamium purpureum); Virginia
pepperweed (Lepidium virginicum); Sprangletop (Leptochloa spp.);
Carolina Gromwell (Lithospermum spp.); Perennial rye-grass (Lolium
perenne); Pineappleweed (Matricaria discoidea); Redweed (Melochia
corchorifolia); Mercury, Annual (Mercurialis annua); Carpetweed
(Mollugo verticillata); Field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis);
Evening Primrose, Cutleaf (Oenothera laciniata); Red Rice (Oryza
sativa); Witchgrass (Panicum cap/Hare); Fall panicum (Panicum
dichotomiflorum); Browntop Millet (Panicum ramosum); Texas panicum
(Panicum texanum);
[0036] Poppy (Papaver rhoeas); Pale persicaria (Persicaria
lapathifolia); Redshank (Persicaria maculosa); Annual meadow-grass
(Poa annua); Bluegrass (Poa annua); Bulbous bluegrass (Poa
bulbosa); Annual polemonium (Polemonium micranthum); Jacob's Ladder
(Polemonium reptans); Prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare);
Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus); Knotweed (Polygonum spp.);
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea); Buttercup (Ranunculus spp.); Wild
radish (Raphanus raphanistrum); Wild mignonette (Reseda lutea);
Florida Pusley (Richardia scabra); Sheep's sorrel (Rumex
acetosella); Groundsel (Senecio); Sesbania (Sesbania spp.);
Foxtails (Setaria spp.); Green foxtail (Setaria viridis); Russian
Thistle (Sida spinosa); Charlock (Sinapis arvensis); Tumble mustard
(Jim Hill) (Sisymbrium altissimum); Prickly Sida/Teaweed (Slda
spinosa); Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum); Buffalobur (Solanum
rostratum); Smooth sow-thistle (Sonchus oleraceus); Shattercane
(Sorghum bicolor); Seedling Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense);
Volunteer sorghum, (Sorghum spp.); Corn spurrey (Spergula
arvensis); Chickweed (Stellaria media); Field pennycress (Thlaspi
arvense); Clovers (Trifolium); Volunteer wheat (Triticum spp.);
Small nettle (Urtica ureas); Cowcockle (Vaccaria hispanica);
Speedwell, Ivyleaf (Veronica hederifolia); Speedwells (Veronica
spp); Winter vetch (Vicia villosa); Field pansy (Viola arvensis);
Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum).
[0037] Specific examples of ALS-tolerant plants that may be
controlled very well by the present invention include Stellaria
spp., Papaver spp. and Matricaria spp. Specific species of plants
that have developed ALS-tolerance and may be controlled include
Stellaria media, Papaver rhoeas, Matricaria chamomilla and
Matricaria inodora.
[0038] As noted above, components (A) metribuzin and (B) one or
more sulfonylureas may be employed in the form of one or more
compositions containing the active ingredients.
[0039] The compositions of the active components used in the
present invention can be formulated in conventional manner, for
example by mixing metribuzin and/or one or more sulfonylureas with
appropriate auxiliaries. Suitable auxiliaries will depend upon such
factors as the type of formulation and the end use. Suitable
auxiliaries are commercially available and will be known to the
person skilled in the art.
[0040] In particular, the composition may comprise one or more
auxiliaries selected from extenders, carriers, solvents,
surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing
agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid
adherents, fillers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, lubricants,
anticaking agents and diluents. Such auxiliaries are known in the
art and are commercially available. Their use in the formulation of
compositions for use in the present invention will be apparent to
the person skilled in the art.
[0041] Suitable formulations for applying the combination of
metribuzin and one or more sulfonylureas, whether together or
separately, include water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable
concentrates (EC), oil in water emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions
(ME), suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension
concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible
granules (WDG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP),
water soluble powders (SP), granules (GR), encapsulated granules
(CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), aqueous
suspo-emulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules
(MG).
[0042] Preferred formulation types for compositions to be used in
the present invention are water-dispersible granules (WDG),
water-soluble granules (SG) and oil-based suspension concentrates
(OD).
[0043] The compositions may comprise one or more inert fillers.
Such inert fillers are known in the art and available commercially.
Suitable fillers include, for example, natural ground minerals,
such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite,
montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground
minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminum oxide,
silicates, and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates.
Suitable inert fillers for granules include, for example, crushed
and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice,
sepiolite, and dolomite, or synthetic granules of inorganic and
organic ground materials, as well as granules of organic material,
such as sawdust, coconut husks, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.
[0044] The compositions may include one or more surfactants, which
are preferably non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic in nature, and
surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and
wetting properties, depending upon the active compound/compounds
being formulated. Suitable surfactants are known in the art and are
commercially available.
[0045] Suitable anionic surfactants can be both so-called
water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active
compounds. Soaps which may be used include the alkali metal,
alkaline earth metal or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts
of higher fatty acids (Cm to C22), for example the sodium or
potassium salt of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid
mixtures.
[0046] The surfactant system may comprise an emulsifier, dispersant
or wetting agent of ionic or nonionic type. Examples of such
surfactants include salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of
lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenylsulphonic or
naphthalenesulphonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with
fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines,
substituted phenols, especially alkylphenols, sulphosuccinic ester
salts, taurine derivatives, especially alkyltaurates, and
phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated phenols or alcohols.
[0047] The presence of at least one surfactant is generally
required when the active compound and/or the inert carrier and/or
auxiliary/adjuvant are insoluble in water and the vehicle for the
final application of the composition is water.
[0048] The compositions optionally further comprises one or more
polymeric stabilizers. Suitable polymeric stabilizers that may be
used in the present invention include, but are not limited to,
polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers of
monoolefins and diolefins, polyacrylates, polystyrene, polyvinyl
acetate, polyurethanes or polyamides. Suitable stabilizers are
known in the art and are commercially available.
[0049] The surfactants and polymeric stabilizers mentioned above
are generally believed to impart stability to the compositions, in
turn allowing the compositions to be formulated, stored,
transported and applied.
[0050] Suitable anti-foaming agents include all substances which
can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions.
Suitable anti-foaming agents are known in the art and are available
commercially. Particularly preferred anti-foaming agents are
mixtures of polydimethylsiloxanes and perfluroalkylphosphonic
acids, such as the silicone anti-foaming agents commercially
available from GE or Compton.
[0051] Suitable solvents for inclusion in the compositions may be
selected from all customary organic solvents which thoroughly
dissolve the active compounds metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron. Again,
suitable organic solvents for metribuzin and flupyrsulfuron are
known in the art. The following may be mentioned as being
preferred: N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrrolidone,
cyclohexyl-1-pyrrolidone; or a mixture of paraffinic,
isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as
SOLVESSO.TM.200. Suitable solvents are commercially available.
[0052] Suitable preservatives for use in the compositions include
all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in
agrochemical compositions of this type and again are well known in
the art. Suitable examples that may be mentioned include the
commercially available preservatives PREVENTOL.RTM. (from Bayer AG)
and PROXEL.RTM. (from Bayer AG).
[0053] Suitable antioxidants for use in the compositions are all
substances which can normally be used for this purpose in
agrochemical compositions, as is known in the art. Preference is
given to butylated hydroxytoluene.
[0054] Suitable thickeners for use in the compositions include all
substances which can normally be used for this purpose in
agrochemical compositions, for example xanthan gum, PVOH, cellulose
and its derivatives, clay hydrated silicates, magnesium aluminum
silicates or a mixture thereof. Again, such thickeners are known in
the art and are available commercially.
[0055] The compositions may further comprise one or more solid
adherents. Such adherents are known in the art and available
commercially. They include organic adhesives, including tackifiers,
such as celluloses or substituted celluloses, natural and synthetic
polymers in the form of powders, granules, or lattices, and
inorganic adhesives such as gypsum, silica, or cement.
[0056] In the method and use of the present invention, the
combination of the active ingredients (A) metribuzin and (B) one or
more sulfonylureas can be applied to the plants, such as to the
leaves of plants, and/or to their locus where control is desired,
such as to the surrounding soil, by any convenient method. The
"locus" refers to the place where plants are growing, the place
where the plant propagation materials of plants are sown or the
place where the plant propagation materials of plants will be sown.
Suitable methods for applying the components are known in the art
and include coating, spraying, sprinkling, dipping, soaking,
injection, irrigation, and the like.
[0057] The method of the present invention may employ other
pesticides, in addition to the combination of (A) metribuzin and
(B) one or more sulfonylureas. For example, compositions employed
in the present invention may contain or be mixed with other
pesticides, such as fungicides, insecticides and nematicides,
growth factor enhancers and fertilizers, to enhance the activity of
the treatment of the present invention or to widen its spectrum of
activity. Similarly, the method of the present invention may be
employed in conjunction with the use of one or more of the
aforementioned active ingredients, again to obtain an enhanced
efficacy or broader spectrum of activity.
[0058] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described
by way of the following examples.
[0059] Unless otherwise indicated, percentages are weight
percent.
EXAMPLES
Formulation Examples
a) Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation
[0060] A water dispersible granule (WG) formulation was prepared
from the components summarized in Table 1 below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Components Weight % Function Metribuzin 35%
Active ingredient Thifensulfuron 20% Active ingredient Sodium alkyl
naphthalene sulfonate blend (MORWET .RTM. EFW POWDER 2% Wetting
agent from AkzoNobel N.V.) Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, 8%
Dispersing agent formaldehyde condensate (MORWET .RTM. D-425 POWDER
from AkzoNobel N.V.) Fatty acids, tallow and sodium 1% Antifoaming
agent salts(AGNIQUE .RTM. SOAP L from BASF) Mannitol balance to
Filler 100%
b) Oil-Based Suspension Concentrates (OD) Formulation
[0061] An oil-based suspension concentrate (OD) formulation was
prepared from the components summarized in Table 2 below.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Components Weight % Function Metribuzin 30%
Active ingredient Tribenuron 10% Active ingredient Modified 1%
Antifoaming agent polyether-polysiloxane(Breakthru .RTM. AF9902
from Evonik) Ethoxylated castor oil(ALKAMULS 15% Emulsifier OR/36
from Rhodia) Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, 8% Dispersing agent
formaldehyde condensate (MORWET .RTM. D-425 POWDER from AkzoNobel
N.V.) Silica 3% Thickening agent Vegetable oil balance to Diluent
100%
c) Water-Soluble Granule (SG) Formulation
[0062] A water-soluble granule (SG) formulation was prepared from
the components summarized in Table 3 below.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Components Weight % Function Metribuzin 70%
Active ingredient Metsulfuron 5% Active ingredient Sodium lauryl
sulfate (Supralate .RTM. from 0.5% Wetting agent Witco Inc.,
Greenwich) Sodium lignosulfonate(Reax .RTM. 88B from 5% Antifoaming
Westvaco Corp) agent Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) 2% PH
regulator Potassium sulfate balance to Filler 100%
[0063] A range of different formulations was prepared according to
the methods described above. The formulation type and the active
ingredients present in the formulations are summarized in Table 4
below. Examples C1 to C11 were prepared for comparison purposes.
Examples 1 to 16 are examples of the present invention.
[0064] In the formulations prepared, component (A) is metribuzin
and components (B1) to (B10) are sulfonylureas as follows:
[0065] B1: Thifensulfuron
[0066] B2: Tribenuron
[0067] B3: Metsulfuron
[0068] B4: Sulfosulfuron
[0069] B5: Amidosulfuron
[0070] B6: Mesosulfuron
[0071] B7: Iodosulfuron
[0072] B8: Rimsulfuron
[0073] B9: Nicosulfuron
[0074] B10: Halosulfuron
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Active ingredients (weight %) B Example Type
A B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 C1 WG 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- C2 SG -- 40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C3 WG -- -- 40 -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- C4 OD -- -- -- 40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C5 OD --
-- -- -- 40 -- -- -- -- -- -- C6 SG -- -- -- -- -- 40 -- -- -- --
-- C7 OD -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 -- -- -- -- C8 WG -- -- -- -- -- --
-- 40 -- -- -- C9 OD -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 -- -- C10 WG -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 -- C11 WG -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40
1 SG 35 20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 SG 35 25 -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- 3 OD 10 35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 WG 30 -- 10 -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- 5 OD 70 -- 14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6 WG 80 --
0.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 SG 70 -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8
WG 50 -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 9 OD 15 -- -- 2.5 -- -- -- -- --
-- -- 10 WG 40 -- -- -- 7 -- -- -- -- -- -- 11 SG 35 -- -- -- -- 20
-- -- -- -- -- 12 WG 30 -- -- -- -- -- 15 -- -- -- -- 13 WG 35 --
-- -- -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- 14 SG 35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 -- -- 15
WG 35 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 -- 16 WG 35 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- 20
Biological Examples
[0075] A synergistic effect exists with a combination of two active
compounds when the activity of a combination of both active
compounds is greater than the sum of the activities of the two
active compounds applied alone.
[0076] The expected activity for a given combination of two active
compounds can be calculated by the so called "Colby equation" (see
S. R. Colby, "Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of
Herbicide Combinations", Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22):
[0077] whereby:
E=A+B-(A.times.B/100)
wherein:
[0078] A=the activity percentage of compound A when active compound
A is employed at an application rate of m g/ha;
[0079] B=the activity percentage of compound B when active compound
B is employed at an application rate of n g/ha;
[0080] E=the percentage of estimated activity when compounds A and
B are employed together at an application rate of m g/ha and n
g/ha.
[0081] If the actual activity observed for the combination of
compounds A and B is greater than that calculated using the above
formula, then the activity of the combination is superadditive,
that is synergism is present.
[0082] The formulations of Examples C1 to C11 and 1 to 16 were
tested for their biological activity against plants exhibiting
resistance to sulfonylureas as follows:
[0083] Seeds of normal wild variety and ALS-resistant variant of
each of Stellaria media, Papaver rhoeas, Matricaria chamomilla and
Matricaria inodora were sown in trays of peat-based compost placed
in a glasshouse to allow germination. At the cotyledon stage, four
evenly sized seedlings were transplanted into each of 9 cm diameter
plastic pots containing loam soil mixed with 25% by volume
horticultural silver sand and further blended with coarse grit in
the ratio 3:1. The resulting potting medium was supplemented with
Osmacote slow-release fertilizer (16:8:9+Mg) to provide 1.4 g per
0.35 L pot.
[0084] The formulations of each of Examples C1 to C11 and 1 to 16
were applied to the seedlings by spraying. Three replicate pots
were used per treatment. Prior to spraying, the plants were watered
overhead. To ensure the foliage was dry, water was not applied on
the day of spraying, with the last overhead watering being the day
before spraying. The herbicide formulations were made up with mains
tap water. The laboratory track sprayer was set up with a Lurmark
OIE80 Even spray nozzle to deliver 200.+-.20 L/ha using gear 4 and
a pressure of 210 Pa (30 psi). The application rates of the active
ingredients are set out in Table 5 below.
[0085] Following spraying, the plants were returned to the
glasshouse and the sprayed pots were arranged in three randomized
blocks. The temperature of the glasshouse ranged from 12.2.degree.
C. to 16.1.degree. C. by day and 10.9.degree. C. to 13.3.degree. C.
at night. The relative humidity ranged from 75% to 101%.
[0086] Throughout the experiment, the plants were watered to
maintain the soil close to the field capacity. Following herbicide
treatment, the plants were watered by sub-irrigation using
individual plastic dishes for each pot to avoid any risk of cross
contamination.
[0087] The visual percentage of control based on a 0-100 linear
scale was assessed 21 days after treatment (DAT). The linear scale
ranged from 0 (no effect) to 100 (dead plants).
[0088] The results of the visual inspections are summarized in
Table 6 below. In Table 6, `Obs` indicates an observed result and
`Exp` indicates the result expected from applying the Colby
equation, discussed above.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Example Application rate (g/ha) No. A B1 B2
B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cl 20 --
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cl 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cl
50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cl 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- Cl 200 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Cl 400 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- C2 -- 40 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C2 -- 50 -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- C2 -- 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C3 -- -- 10 --
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- C3 -- -- 14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C3 -- -- 1
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C4 -- -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C5 -- --
-- -- 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- C6 -- -- -- -- -- 40 -- -- -- -- -- C7
-- -- -- -- -- -- 15 -- -- -- -- C8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 -- --
-- C9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 -- -- C10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- 40 -- C11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 1 70 40 -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- 2 70 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 20 70 -- -- --
-- -- -- -- -- -- 4 30 -- 10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 70 -- 14 --
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6 200 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7 70 -- --
5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8 50 -- -- 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 9 30 -- --
5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 400 -- -- -- 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- 11 70
-- -- -- -- 40 -- -- -- -- -- 12 30 -- -- -- -- -- 15 -- -- -- --
13 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 -- -- -- 14 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40
-- -- 15 70 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 -- 16 70 -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- 40
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Percentage control (21 DAT) Type of weeds
Papaver Matricaria Stellaria Stellaria Papaver rhoeas Matricaria
chamomilla Matricaria Matricaria media media (ALS rhoeas (ALS
chamomilla (ALS inodora inodora (ALS Example (wild) resistant)
(wild) resistant) (wild) resistant) (wild) resistant) No. Obs Obs
Exp Obs Obs Exp Obs Obs Exp Obs Obs Exp Untreated 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 C1 15 8 -- 12 2 -- 5 1 -- 8 2 -- C1 28 14 -- 25 10 -- 12 5 --
15 10 -- C1 48 25 -- 36 24 -- 20 12 -- 30 18 -- C1 52 36 -- 44 30
-- 35 28 -- 42 25 -- C1 68 55 -- 60 46 -- 56 45 -- 70 58 -- C1 85
70 -- 72 55 -- 70 60 -- 85 65 -- C2 30 0 -- 32 0 -- 22 0 -- 28 0 --
C2 55 0 -- 45 0 -- 34 0 -- 40 0 -- C2 71 10 -- 63 5 -- 58 5 -- 60 0
-- C3 28 0 -- 20 0 -- 12 0 -- 21 0 -- C3 34 0 -- 28 0 -- 22 0 -- 30
0 -- C3 5 0 -- 0 0 -- 2 0 -- 4 0 -- C4 40 0 -- 30 0 -- 32 0 -- 30 0
-- C5 64 5 -- 50 10 -- 50 0 -- 60 5 -- C6 55 0 -- 42 0 -- 45 0 --
48 0 -- C7 50 0 -- 30 0 -- 40 0 -- 42 0 -- C8 48 0 -- 32 0 -- 40 0
-- 30 0 -- C9 35 0 -- 25 0 -- 36 0 -- 40 0 -- C10 40 0 -- 36 0 --
28 0 -- 35 0 -- C11 50 10 -- 40 0 -- 36 10 -- 42 5 -- 1 98 90 36 90
88 30 87 85 28 85 80 25 2 98 92 36 95 90 30 90 88 28 95 92 25 3 80
70 17.2 82 70 6.9 80 78 5.95 82 75 2 4 86 72 14 78 69 10 75 70 5 78
70 10 5 80 70 36 75 70 30 78 72 28 75 70 25 6 88 78 55 75 70 46 75
70 45 84 78 58 7 95 85 36 92 84 30 88 82 28 92 88 25 8 85 80 25 80
75 24 80 75 12 85 80 18 9 75 70 14 72 70 10 68 62 5 78 72 10 10 99
94 71.5 95 90 59.5 98 92 60 96 90 66.75 11 90 88 36 88 85 30 90 85
28 95 92 25 12 80 70 14 75 70 10 70 65 5 80 75 10 13 85 80 36 78 72
30 81 75 28 82 78 25 14 96 85 36 95 90 30 90 85 28 95 90 25 15 98
88 36 94 89 30 92 88 28 92 90 25 16 95 90 42.4 92 88 30 95 90 35.2
95 88 28.75
[0089] From a review of the data presented in Tables 5 and 6 above,
as expected, metribuzin caused damage to both the ALS-tolerant and
wild plants (composition C1).
[0090] Further, as expected, the sulfonylureas, namely
Thifensulfuron, Tribenuron, Metsulfuron, Sulfosulfuron,
Amidosulfuron, Mesosulfuron, Iodosulfuron, Rimsulfuron,
Nicosulfuron, Halosulfuron had little or no effect on all
ALS-tolerant plants (composition C2-C11), while significantly
damaging the wild (non-tolerant) plants.
[0091] Surprisingly, the combination of metribuzin with each of the
sulfonylureas, caused damage to the ALS-tolerant plants that was
significantly in excess of that caused by the metribuzin alone. The
data demonstrate that a combination of metribuzin and a sulfonyl
urea exhibits synergy in the control of ALS-tolerant plants.
* * * * *