U.S. patent application number 17/539741 was filed with the patent office on 2022-03-24 for on reference layer and scaled reference layer offset parameters for inter-layer prediction in scalable video coding.
This patent application is currently assigned to ARRIS Enterprises LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is ARRIS Enterprises LLC. Invention is credited to David M. BAYLON, Ajay LUTHRA, Koohyar MINOO.
Application Number | 20220094955 17/539741 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-03-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220094955 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
MINOO; Koohyar ; et
al. |
March 24, 2022 |
ON REFERENCE LAYER AND SCALED REFERENCE LAYER OFFSET PARAMETERS FOR
INTER-LAYER PREDICTION IN SCALABLE VIDEO CODING
Abstract
A process for determining the selection of filters and input
samples is provided for scalable video coding. The process provides
for re-sampling using video data obtained from an encoder or
decoder process of a base layer (BL) in a multi-layer system to
improve quality in Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC). In
order to provide better alignment between layers, it is proposed
that reference layer offset adjustment parameters be signaled.
Inventors: |
MINOO; Koohyar; (San Diego,
CA) ; BAYLON; David M.; (San Diego, CA) ;
LUTHRA; Ajay; (San Diego, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ARRIS Enterprises LLC |
Suwanee |
GA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
ARRIS Enterprises LLC
Suwanee
GA
|
Appl. No.: |
17/539741 |
Filed: |
December 1, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
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Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16855775 |
Apr 22, 2020 |
11218712 |
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17539741 |
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14727827 |
Jun 1, 2015 |
10785492 |
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16855775 |
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62010433 |
Jun 10, 2014 |
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62006020 |
May 30, 2014 |
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International
Class: |
H04N 19/36 20060101
H04N019/36; H04N 19/186 20060101 H04N019/186; H04N 19/187 20060101
H04N019/187; H04N 19/33 20060101 H04N019/33; H04N 19/167 20060101
H04N019/167; H04N 19/70 20060101 H04N019/70; H04N 19/105 20060101
H04N019/105; H04N 19/503 20060101 H04N019/503 |
Claims
1. A video coding method implemented in a scalable video coding
system for decoding a current picture in a bitstream of coded
pictures, the method comprising: (a) receiving a first coding layer
carrying video with a base resolution; (b) receiving a second
coding layer carrying video with an enhanced resolution having a
higher resolution than the base resolution; (c) receiving location
offset values signaled in a bitstream syntax at the picture level
in said bitstream, the location offset values including: (i) a
first location offset value specifying at least one of a horizontal
offset or vertical offset between a sample in the current picture
that is collocated with the top-left luma sample of a reference
region of a decoded reference picture and a top-left luma sample of
the current picture; (ii) a second location offset value specifying
at least one of a horizontal offset or vertical offset between a
sample in the current picture that is collocated with the
bottom-right luma sample of a reference region of a decoded
reference picture and a bottom-right sample of the current picture;
(d) wherein the location offset values are signaled at the picture
level for adaptability per picture, applying to all slices in the
current picture for which they are signaled; (e) parsing the
bitstream syntax to determine the location offset values applicable
to all slices in the current picture for which they are signaled;
(f) deriving an inter-layer reference picture from said decoded
reference picture said derivation signaled in the bitstream on the
picture level for deriving each of a plurality of sample values for
inter-layer prediction of the inter-layer reference picture; and
(g) deriving the current picture using the inter-layer picture.
2. The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the location offset
values when present are signaled in a pps_multilayer_extension
syntax.
3. The video coding method of claim 1, wherein a corresponding
sample location in the first coding layer is computed for signaling
in the bitstream based on a sample location in the second coding
layer.
4. The video coding method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of
decoded reference pictures are used to derive the inter-layer
reference picture.
5. The video coding method of claim 4, wherein at least one of the
one or more additional reference pictures is a reference picture
from the same coding layer as the current picture.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This Application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/855,775 filed Apr. 22, 2020 which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14,727,827 filed
on Jun. 1, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,785,492, issued Sep. 22,
2020, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) from
earlier filed U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/006,020
filed on May 30, 2014 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
62/010,433 filed on Jun. 10, 2014, both of which are incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to a sampling filter process
for scalable video coding. More specifically, the present invention
relates to re-sampling using video data obtained from an encoder or
decoder process, where the encoder or decoder process can be MPEG-4
Advanced Video Coding (AVC) or High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC).
Further, the present invention specifically relates to Scalable
HEVC (SHVC) that includes a two layer video coding system.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Scalable video coding (SVC) refers to video coding in which
a base layer (BL), sometimes referred to as a reference layer, and
one or more scalable enhancement layers (EL) are used. For SVC, the
base layer can carry video data with a base level of quality. The
one or more enhancement layers can carry additional video data to
support higher spatial, temporal, and/or signal-to-noise SNR
levels. Enhancement layers may be defined relative to a previously
coded layer.
[0004] The base layer and enhancement layers can have different
resolutions. Upsampling filtering, sometimes referred to as
resampling filtering, may be applied to the base layer in order to
match a spatial aspect ratio or resolution of an enhancement layer.
This process may be called spatial scalability. An upsampling
filter set can be applied to the base layer, and one filter can be
chosen from the set based on a phase (sometimes referred to as a
fractional pixel shift). The phase may be calculated based on the
ratio between base layer and enhancement layer picture
resolutions.
SUMMARY
[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide methods,
devices and systems for the upsampling process from BL resolution
to EL resolution to implement the upsampling of FIG. 2. The
upsampling process of embodiments of the present invention includes
three separate modules, a first module to select input samples from
the BL video signal, a second module to select a filter for
filtering the samples, and a third module using phase filtering to
filter the input samples to recreate video that approximates the EL
resolution video. The filters of the third module can be selected
from a set of fixed filters each with different phase. In these
modules, the selection of the input samples and filters for
generating the output samples are determined based upon a mapping
between the EL sample positions and the corresponding BL sample
positions. The embodiments included herein are related to the
mapping or computation between the EL and the BL sample
positions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Further details of the present invention are explained with
the help of the attached drawings in which:
[0007] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of components in a scalable video
coding system with two layers;
[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates an upsampling process that can be used to
convert the base layer data to the full resolution layer data for
FIG. 1;
[0009] FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of components for implementing
the upsampling process of FIG. 2;
[0010] FIG. 4 shows components of the select filter module and the
filters, where the filters are selected from fixed or adaptive
filters to apply a desired phase shift;
[0011] FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C are a simplified flow chart showing the
process for determining the reference layer location based upon the
syntax used in a method for coding scalable video.
[0012] FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram that illustrates an
example video coding system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] An example of a scalable video coding system using two
layers is shown in FIG. 1. In the system of FIG. 1, one of the two
layers is the Base Layer (BL) where a BL video is encoded in an
Encoder E0, labeled 100, and decoded in a decoder D0, labeled 102,
to produce a base layer video output BL out. The BL video is
typically at a lower quality than the remaining layers, such as the
Full Resolution (FR) layer that receives an input FR (y). The FR
layer includes an encoder E1, labeled 104, and a decoder D1,
labeled 106. In encoding in encoder E1 104 of the full resolution
video, cross-layer (CL) information from the BL encoder 100 is used
to produce enhancement layer (EL) information. The corresponding EL
bitstream of the full resolution layer is then decoded in decoder
D1 106 using the CL information from decoder D0 102 of the BL to
output full resolution video, FR out. By using CL information in a
scalable video coding system, the encoded information can be
transmitted more efficiently in the EL than if the FR was encoded
independently without the CL information. An example of coding that
can use two layers shown in FIG. 1 includes video coding using AVC
and the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of AVC, respectively.
Another example that can use two layer coding is HEVC.
[0014] FIG. 1 further shows block 108 with a down-arrow r
illustrating a resolution reduction from the FR to the BL to
illustrate that the BL can be created by a downsampling of the FR
layer data. Although a downsampling is shown by the arrow r of
block 108 FIG. 1, the BL can be independently created without the
downsampling process. Overall, the down arrow of block 108
illustrates that in spatial scalability, the base layer BL is
typically at a lower spatial resolution than the full resolution FR
layer. For example, when r=2 and the FR resolution is
3840.times.2160, the corresponding BL resolution is
1920.times.1080.
[0015] The cross-layer CL information provided from the BL to the
FR layer shown in FIG. 1 illustrates that the CL information can be
used in the coding of the FR video in the EL. In one example, the
CL information includes pixel information derived from the encoding
and decoding process of the BL. Examples of BL encoding and
decoding are AVC and HEVC. Because the BL pictures are at a
different spatial resolution than the FR pictures, a BL picture
needs to be upsampled (or re-sampled) back to the FR picture
resolution in order to generate a suitable prediction for the FR
picture.
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates an upsampling process in block 200 of
data from the BL layer to the EL. The components of the upsampling
block 200 can be included in either or both of the encoder E1 104
and the decoder D1 106 of the EL of the video coding system of FIG.
1. The BL data at resolution x that is input into upsampling block
200 in FIG. 2 is derived from one or more of the encoding and
decoding processes of the BL. A BL picture is upsampled using the
up-arrow r process of block 200 to generate the EL resolution
output y' that can be used as a basis for prediction of the
original FR input y.
[0017] The upsampling block 200 works by interpolating from the BL
data to recreate what is modified from the FR data. For instance,
if every other pixel is dropped from the FR in block 108 to create
the lower resolution BL data, the dropped pixels can be recreated
using the upsampling block 200 by interpolation or other techniques
to generate the EL resolution output y' from upsampling block 200.
The data y' is then used to make encoding and decoding of the EL
data more efficient.
I. Overview of Upsampling Circuitry
[0018] FIG. 3 shows a general block diagram for implementing an
upsampling process of FIG. 2 for embodiments of the present
invention. The upsampling or re-sampling process can be determined
to minimize an error E (e.g. mean-squared error) between the
upsampled data y' and the full resolution data y. The system of
FIG. 3 includes a select input samples module 300 that samples an
input video signal. The system further includes a select filter
module 302 to select a filter from the subsequent filter input
samples module 304 to upsample the selected input samples from
module 300.
[0019] In module 300, a set of input samples in a video signal x is
first selected. In general, the samples can be a two-dimensional
subset of samples in x, and a two-dimensional filter can be applied
to the samples. The module 302 receives the data samples in x from
module 300 and identifies the position of each sample from the data
it receives, enabling module 302 to select an appropriate filter to
direct the samples toward a subsequent filter module 304. The
filter in module 304 is selected to filter the input samples, where
the selected filter is chosen or configured to have a phase
corresponding to the particular output sample location desired.
[0020] The filter input samples module 304 can include separate row
and column filters. The selection of filters is represented herein
as filters h[n; p], where the filters can be separable along each
row or column, and p denotes a phase index selection for the
filter. The output of the filtering process using the selected
filter h[n;p] on the selected input samples produces output value
y'.
[0021] FIG. 4 shows details of components for the select sample
module 302 of FIG. 3 (labeled 302a in FIG. 4) and the filters
module 304 of FIG. 3 (labeled 304a in FIG. 4) for a system with
fixed filters. For separable filtering the input samples can be
along a row or column of data. To supply a set of input samples
from select input samples module 300, the select filter module 302a
includes a select control 400 that identifies the input samples
x[m] and provides a signal to a selector 402 that directs them
through the selector 402 to a desired filter. The filter module
304a then includes the different filters h[n;p] that can be applied
to the input samples, where the filter phase can be chosen among P
phases from each row or column element depending on the output
sample m desired. As shown, the selector 402 of module 302a directs
the input samples to a desired column or row filter in 304a based
on the "Filter (n) SEL" signal from select control 400. A separate
select control 400 signal "Phase (p) SEL" selects the appropriate
filter phase p for each of the row or column elements. The filter
module 304a output produces the output y'[n].
[0022] In FIG. 4, the outputs from individual filter components
h[n;p] are shown added "+" to produce the output y'[n]. This
illustrates that each box, e.g. h[0;p], represents one coefficient
or number in a filter with phase p. Therefore, the filter with
phase p is represented by all n+1 numbers in h[0,p], h[n;p]. This
is the filter that is applied to the selected input samples to
produce an output value y'[n], for example,
y'[0]=h[0,p]*x[0]+h[1,p]*x[1]+ . . . +h[n,p]*x[n], requiring the
addition function "+" as illustrated. As an alternative to adding
in FIG. 4, the "+" could be replaced with a solid connection and
the output y'[n] would be selected from one output of a bank of P
filters representing the p phases, with the boxes h[n:p] in module
304a relabeled, for example, as h[n;0], h[n,1], h[n,p-1] and now
each box would have all the filter coefficients needed to form
y'[n] without the addition element required.
II. Existing Syntax for Signaling Scaled Reference Layer
Offsets
[0023] In order to accommodate for offset and phase shift
differences between the BL and EL samples, phase offset adjustment
parameters can be signaled to achieve the desired correspondence
between the layers. Let a sample location relative to the top-left
sample in the current EL picture be (xP, yP), and a sample location
in the BL reference layer in units of 1/16-th sample relative to
the top-left sample of the BL be (xRef16, yRef16). In I Chen, J.
Boyce, Y. Ye, M. Hannuksela, G. Sullivan, Y. Wang, "High efficiency
video coding (HEVC) scalable extension Draft 5," JCTVC-P1008_v4,
January 2014, the relationship between (xRef16, yRef16) and (xP,
yP) is given as follows:
xRef16=(((xP-offsetX)*ScaleFactorX+addX+(1<<11))>>12)-(phase-
X<<2)
yRef16=(((yP-offsetY)*ScaleFactorY+addY+(1<<11))>>12)-(phase-
Y<<2)
[0024] The sample position (xRef16, yRef16) is used to select the
input samples and the filters used in computing the output sample
values as specified in J. Chen, J. Boyce, Y. Ye, M. Hannuksela, G.
Sullivan, Y. Wang, "High efficiency video coding (HEW) scalable
extension Draft 5," JCTVC-P1008_v4, January 2014.
[0025] The variables offsetX, addX, offsetY, and addY specify
scaled reference layer offset and phase parameters in the
horizontal and vertical directions, variables phaseX and phaseY
specify reference layer phase offset parameters in the horizontal
and vertical directions, and variables ScaleFactorX and
ScaleFactorY are computed based on the ratio of the reference layer
to the scaled reference layer width and height. These variables are
computed based upon phase offset parameters specified in J. Chen,
J. Boyce, Y. Ye, M. Hannuksela, G. Sullivan, Y. Wang,"High
efficiency video coding (HEM scalable extension Draft 5,"
JCTVC-P1008_v4, January 2014. In particular, the offset parameters
offsetX and offsetY are computed as:
offsetX=ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset/((cIdx==0)?1: SubWidthC)
offsetY=ScaledRefLayerTopOffset/((cIdx==0)?1: SubHeightC)
where variable cIdx specifies the color component index and the
values SubWidthC and SubHeightC are specified depending on the
chroma format sampling structure and
ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset=scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[rLId]<<1
ScaledRefLayerTopOffset=scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[rLId]<<1
ScaledRefLayerRightOffset=scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[rLId]<<1
ScaledRefLayerBottomOffset=scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[rLId]<<1
where rLId specifies the scaled reference layer picture Id. The
variables ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset, ScaledRefLayerTopOffset,
ScaledRefLayerRightOffset, and ScaledRefLayerBottomOffset specify
offsets in two pixel unit resolution based on the values of the
syntax elements scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[rLId],
scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[rLId],
scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[rLId], and
scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[rLId].
[0026] In U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/661,867,
(hereinafter referred to as the "'215") incorporated by reference
in its entirety, syntax elements for scaled reference layer offsets
are included in the bitstream syntax at the PPS level (PPS
multilayer extension) as shown in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Existing syntax for signaling offsets at PPS
multilayer extension. De- scrip- pps_multilayer_extension( ) { tor
num_scaled_ref_layer_offsets ue(v) for( i = 0; i <
num_scaled_ref_layer_offsets; i++) { scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] u(6)
scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
ref_layer_horizontal_delta[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
ref_layer_vertical_delta[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
ref_layer_horizontal_defta_chroma [ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ]
ue(v) ref_layer_vertical_delta_chroma [ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ]
ue(v) } scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma ue(v)
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma ue(v) }
[0027] In Table 1, num_scaled_ref_layer_offsets indicates the
number of sets of scaled reference layer offset parameters for
which offsets are signaled, and scaled_ref_layer_id[i] specifies
the nuh_layer_id value of the associated inter-layer picture for
which offsets are specified.
[0028] In J. Chen, J. Boyce, Y. Ye, M. Hannuksela, G. Sullivan, Y.
Wang, "High efficiency video coding (HEVC) scalable extension Draft
5," JCTVC-P1008_v4, January 2014, the syntax elements are defined
as follows:
[0029] scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal offset between the top-left luma sample of
the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the top-left luma sample of the current
picture in units of two luma samples. When not present, the value
of scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred
to be equal to 0.
[0030] scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the vertical offset between the top-left luma sample of
the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the top-left luma sample of the current
picture in units of two luma samples. When not present, the value
of scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred
to be equal to 0.
[0031] scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal offset between the bottom-right luma
sample of the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id
equal to scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the bottom-right luma sample of
the current picture in units of two luma samples. When not present,
the value of scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
is inferred to be equal to 0.
[0032] scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the vertical offset between the bottom-right luma sample
of the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the bottom-right luma sample of the
current picture in units of two luma samples. When not present, the
value of scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0033] In '215, additional offsets are signaled to increase the
resolution for proper BL and EL alignment at the PPS level in order
to accommodate other applications and operations such as
interlace/progressive scalability and pan and scan. The following
additional phase offset adjustment parameters in Table 1 are
signaled.
[0034] scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the current picture in units of 1/2 luma
samples. This is a signed value between -2 to +2. When not present,
the value of scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0035] scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] specifies
the vertical luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the current picture in units of 1/2 luma
samples. This is a signed value between -2 to +2. When not present,
the value of scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0036] ref_layer_horizontal_delta[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] specifies
the horizontal luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the current picture in units of 1/8 luma
samples. This is a signed value between -8 to 8. When not present,
the value of ref layer horizontal delta[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0037] ref_layer_vertical_delta[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] specifies
the vertical luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the current picture in units of 1/8 luma
samples. This is a signed value between -8 to +8. When not present,
the value of ref layer vertical delta[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0038] ref_layer_horizontal_delta_chroma[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal offset between the chroma samples and luma
samples in nuh_layer_id equal to scaled_ref_layer_id[i] in units of
1/4 luma samples. This is an unsigned value between 0 to 4. When
not present, the value of ref layer horizontal delta
chroma[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to be equal to 2.
[0039] ref_layer_vertical_delta_chroma[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the vertical offset between the chroma samples and luma
samples in nuh_layer_id equal to scaled_ref_layer_id[i] in units of
1/4 luma samples. This is an unsigned value between 0 to 4. When
not present, the value of ref_layer_vertical_delta_chroma
[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to be equal to 2.
[0040] scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma specifies the horizontal
chroma offset relative to luma in units of 1/4 luma samples. This
is an unsigned value between 0 to 4. When not present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_left_phase chroma is inferred to be equal to
2.
[0041] scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma specifies the vertical
chroma offset relative to luma in units of 1/4 luma samples. This
is an unsigned value between 0 to 4. When not present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase chroma is inferred to be equal to 2.
[0042] The additional syntax elements are used to provide finer
alignment between the layers. One example of the use of the syntax
is as follows:
[0043]
ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase=scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[rLId]
[0044] ScaledRefLayerTopPhase=scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[rLId]
[0045] RefLayerHorizontalDelta=ref_layer_horizontal_delta
[rLId]
[0046] RefLayerVerticalDelta=ref_layer_vertical_delta [rLId]
[0047]
RefLayerHorizontalDeltaChroma=ref_layer_horizontal_delta_chroma
[rLId]
[0048] RefLayerVerticalDeltaChroma=ref_layer_vertical_delta_chroma
[rLId]
phaseX=(cIdx==0)?(ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase<<2):
(ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase<<1+scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma)
phaseY=(cIdx==0)?(ScaledRefLayerTopPhase<<2):
(ScaledRefLayerTopPhase<<1+scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma)
deltaX=(cIdx==0)?(RefLayerHorizontalDelta<<1):
(RefLayerHorizontalDelta+RefLayerHorizontalDeltaChroma<<1)
deltaY=(cIdx==0)?(RefLayerVerticalDelta<<1):(RefLayerVerticalDelta-
+RefLayerVerticalDeltaChroma<<1)
addX=(ScaleFactorX*phaseX+4)>>3
addY=(ScaleFactorY*phaseY+4)>>3
xRef16=(((xP-offsetX)*ScaleFactorX+addX+(1<<11))>>12)-deltaX
yRef16=(((yP-offsetY)*ScaleFactorY+addY+(1<<11))>>12)-deltaY
[0049] The scaled reference layer phase offset parameters
scaled_ref_layer_left_phase, scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma,
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase, and scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma
provide additional independent finer level or resolution over the
previous scaled reference layer phase offset parameters, e.g.
scaled_ref_layer_left_offset and scaled_ref_layer_top_offset. In
addition, the reference layer phase offset parameters
ref_layer_horizontal_delta, ref_layer_vertical_delta,
ref_layer_horizontal_delta_chroma and
ref_layer_vertical_delta_chroma provide finer reference layer phase
offset resolution.
III. Embodiments Including Syntax for Signaling Scaled Reference
Layer and Reference Layer Offsets
[0050] An alternative approach to specify the alignment and offset
between layers is given using the syntax elements in Table 2. The
syntax disclosed herein provides flexibility and options in
signaling offsets for alignment.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Proposed syntax for signaling offsets at PPS
multilayer extension. pps_multilayer_extension( ) { Descriptor
inter_view_mv_vert_constraint_flag u(1)
num_scaled_ref_layer_offsets ue(v) for( i = 0; i <
num_scaled_ref_layer_offsets; i++) { scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] u(6)
scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] u(1)
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[ scaled_ref_layer_id[ i ] ] u(1) }
num_ref_layer_offsets ue(v) for( i = 0; i <
num_ref_layer_offsets; i++) { ref_layer_id[ i ] u(6)
ref_layer_left_offset[ ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
ref_layer_top_offset[ ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
ref_layer_right_offset[ ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
ref_layer_bottom_offset[ ref_layer_id[ i ] ] se(v)
ref_layer_horizontal_phase[ ref_layer_id[ i ] ] u(1)
ref_layer_vertical_phase[ ref_layer_id[ i ] ] u(1)
ref_layer_horizontal_chroma_position[ref_layer_id[ i ] ] u(2)
ref_layer_vertical_chroma_position[ref_layer_id[ i ] ] u(2) }
scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma_position u(2)
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma_position u(2) }
[0051] In Table 2, num_scaled_ref_layer_offsets indicates the
number of sets of scaled reference layer offset parameters for
which offsets are signaled, scaled_ref_layer_id[i] (srLId)
specifies the nuh_layer_id value of the associated inter-layer
picture for which scaled reference layer offsets are specified,
num_ref_layer_offsets indicates the number of sets of reference
layer offset parameters for which offsets are signaled, and
ref_layer_id[i] (rLId) specifies the nuh_layer_id value of the
associated inter-layer picture for which reference layer offsets
are specified.
[0052] The scaled reference layer and reference layer offsets are
specified as follows for the decoded pictures, where SubWidthC and
SubHeightC represent scaled reference layer chroma subsampling
parameters in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively
(e.g. SubWidthC=SubHeightC=2 for 4:2:0 chroma sampling), and
RefLayerSubWidthC and RefLayerSubHeightC represent reference layer
chroma subsampling parameters in the horizontal and vertical
directions, respectively (e.g.
RefLayerSubWidthC=RefLayerSubHeightC=2 for 4:2:0 chroma
sampling):
[0053] scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal offset between the top-left luma sample of
the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the top-left luma sample of the current
picture in units of SubWidthC luma samples. When not present, the
value of scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0054] scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the vertical offset between the top-left luma sample of
the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the top-left luma sample of the current
picture in units of SubHeightC luma samples. When not present, the
value of scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0055] scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal offset between the bottom-right luma
sample of the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id
equal to scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the bottom-right luma sample of
the current picture in units of SubWidthC luma samples. When not
present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred
to be equal to 0.
[0056] scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[scaled_ref layer id[i]]
specifies the vertical offset between the bottom-right luma sample
of the associated inter-layer picture with nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the bottom-right luma sample of the
current picture in units of SubHeightC luma samples. When not
present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred
to be equal to 0.
[0057] scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the current picture in units of 1/2 luma
samples. When this flag is not present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to
be equal to 0.
[0058] scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] specifies
the vertical luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to
scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the current picture in units of 1/2 luma
samples. When this flag is not present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[scaled_ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to
be equal to 0.
[0059] ref_layer_left_offset[ref_layer_id[i]] specifies the
horizontal offset between the top-left luma sample of the reference
region on the reference picture with nuh_layer_id equal to
ref_layer_id[i] and the top-left luma sample of the reference
picture in units of RefLayerSubWidthC luma samples. When not
present, the value of ref_layer_left_offset[ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0060] ref_layer_top_offset[ref_layer_id[i]] specifies the vertical
offset between the top-left luma sample of the reference region on
the reference picture with nuh_layer_id equal to ref_layer_id[i]
and the top-left luma sample of the reference picture in units of
RefLayerSubHeightC luma samples. When not present, the value of ref
layer top offset[ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to be equal to 0.
[0061] ref layer_right_offset[ref_layer_id[i]] specifies the
horizontal offset between the bottom-right luma sample of the
reference region on the reference picture with nuh_layer_id equal
to ref_layer_id[i] and the bottom-right luma sample of the
reference picture in units of RefLayerSubWidthC luma samples. When
not present, the value of ref_layer_right_offset[ref_layer_id[i]]
is inferred to be equal to 0.
[0062] ref_layer_bottom_offset[ref_layer_id[i]] specifies the
vertical offset between the bottom-right luma sample of the
reference region on the reference picture with nuh_layer_id equal
to scaled_ref_layer_id[i] and the bottom-right luma sample of the
reference picture in units of RefLayerSubHeightC luma samples. When
not present, the value of ref_layer_bottom_offset[ref_layer_id[i]]
is inferred to be equal to 0.
[0063] ref_layer_horizontal_phase[ref_layer_id[i]] specifies the
horizontal luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to
ref_layer_id[i] and the current picture in units of 1/4 luma
samples. This is an unsigned value with 2 bits. When not present,
the value of ref_layer_horizontal_phase[ref_layer_id[i]] is
inferred to be equal to 0.
[0064] ref_layer_vertical_phase[ref_layer_id[i]] specifies the
vertical luma offset between nuh_layer_id equal to ref_layer_id[i]
and the current picture in units of 1/4 luma samples. This is an
unsigned value with 2 bits. When not present, the value of
ref_layer_vertical_phase[ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to be equal
to 0.
[0065] ref_layer_horizontal_chroma_position[ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the horizontal offset between the chroma samples and luma
samples in nuh_layer_id equal to ref_layer_id[i] in units of 1/4
luma samples. This is an unsigned value with 2 bits. When not
present, the value of ref layer horizontal
chroma_position[ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to be equal to 0.
[0066] ref_layer_vertical_chroma_position[ref_layer_id[i]]
specifies the vertical offset between the chroma samples and luma
samples in nuh_layer_id equal to ref_layer_id[i] in units of 1/4
luma samples. This is an unsigned valu with 2 bits. When not
present, the value of
ref_layer_vertical_chroma_position[ref_layer_id[i]] is inferred to
be equal to 2.
[0067] scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma_position specifies the
horizontal chroma offset relative to luma in units of 1/4 luma
samples. This is an unsigned value. When not present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma_postion is inferred to be equal
to 0.
[0068] scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma_position specifies the
vertical chroma offset relative to luma in units of 1/4 luma
samples. This is an unsigned value. When not present, the value of
scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma_position is inferred to be equal
to 2.
[0069] An example of the use of the syntax elements for determining
the alignment between layers is given by the following
calculations, where it is assumed that the scaled_ref_layer_id and
the ref_layer_id of associated inter-layer picture are the
same:
[0070] The variables ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset,
ScaledRefLayerTopOffset, ScaledRefLayerRightOffset and
ScaledRefLayerBottomOffset are derived as follows:
ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset=scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[rLId]*SubWidthC
ScaledRefLayerTopOffset=scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[rLId]*SubHeightC
ScaledRefLayerRightOffset=scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[rLId]*SubWidthC
ScaledRefLayerBottomOffset=scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[rLId]*SubHeigh-
tC
[0071] The variables RefLayerLeftOffset, RefLayerTopOffset,
RefLayerRightOffset and RefLayerBottomOffset are derived as
follows:
RefLayerLeftOffset=ref_layer_left_offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubWidthC
RefLayerTopOffset=ref layer top offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubHeightC
RefLayerRightOffset=ref_layer_right_offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubWidthC
RefLayerBottomOffset=ref_layer_bottom_offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubHeightC
[0072] The variables ScaledRefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY and
ScaledRefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY are derived as follows, where
CurPicWidthInSamplesY and CurPicHeightInSamplesY are the width and
height, respectively, of the current decoded picture in luma
samples:
ScaledRefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY=CurPicWidthInSamplesY-ScaledRefLayerLef-
tOffset-ScaledRefLayerRightOffset
ScaledRefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY=CurPicHeightInSamplesY-ScaledRefLayerT-
opOffset-ScaledRefLayerBottomOffset
[0073] In one embodiment, the variables RefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY
and RefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY are the width and height,
respectively, of the current decoded reference layer picture in
luma samples, and variables RefLayerRefRegionWidthInSamplesY and
RefLayerRefRegionHeightInSamplesY are the width and height,
respectively, of the reference region on the decoded reference
layer picture rlPic in units of luma samples, respectively, and are
derived as follows:
RefLayerRegionWidthInSamplesY=RefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY-RefLayerLeftOff-
set-RefLayerRightOffset
RefLayerRegionHeightInSamplesY=RefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY-RefLayerTopOf-
fset-RefLayerBottomOffset
[0074] The variables ScaleFactorX and ScaleFactorY are derived as
follows:
ScaleFactorX=((RefLayerRefRegionWidthInSamplesY<<16)+(ScaledRefLay-
erPicWidthInSamplesY>>1))/ScaledRefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY
ScaleFactorY=((RefLayerRefRegionHeightInSamplesY<<16)+(ScaledRefLa-
yerPicHeightInSamplesY>>1))/ScaledRefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY
[0075] In order to provide finer alignment for luma and chroma, the
following phase offset variables are determined:
[0076] The variables ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase,
ScaledRefLayerTopPhase, RefLayerHorizontalPhase,
RefLayerVerticalPhase, RefLayerHorizontalChromaPhase, and
RefLayerVerticalChromaPhase are derived as follows:
ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase=scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[rLId]
ScaledRefLayerTopPhase=scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[rLId]
RefLayerHorizontalPhase=ref_layer_horizontal_phase[rLId]
RefLayerVerticalPhase=ref_layer_vertical_phase[rLId]
RefLayerHorizontalChromaPhase=ref_layer_horizontal_chroma_position[rLId]
RefLayerVerticalChromaPhase=ref_layer_vertical_chroma
position[rLId]
[0077] The variables offsetX and offsetY are derived as
follows:
offsetX=ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset/((cIdx==0)?1:SubWidthC)
offsetY=ScaledRefLayerTopOffset/((cIdx==0)?1:SubHeightC)
[0078] The variables addX and addY, deltaX and deltaY are derived
as follows, where cIdx indicates the color component index (e.g.
cIdx=0 for luma, and cIdx=1 for chroma):
If cIdx is equal to 0, the following applies:
addX=(ScaleFactorX*ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase+1)>>1)
addY=(ScaleFactorY*ScaledRefLayerTopPhase+1)>>1)
deltaX=(RefLayerLeftOffset<<4)-RefLayerHorizontalPhase<<2
deltaY=(RefLayerTopOffset<<4)-RefLayerVerticalPhase<<2
Otherwise (cIdx is equal to 1), the following applies:
addX=(ScaleFactorX*(ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase<<1+scaled_ref_layer_le-
ftphase
chroma_position)+SubWidthC<<1)>>(1+SubWidthC)
addY=(ScaleFactorY*(ScaledRefLayerTopPhase<<1+scaled_ref_layer_top-
_phase_chroma_position)+SubHeightC<<1)>>(1+SubHeightC)
deltaX=((RefLayerLeftOffset<<2)-(RefLayerHorizontalPhase+RefLayerH-
orizontalChromaPhase))<<(3-RefLayerSubWidthC)
deltaY=((RefLayerTopOffset<<2)-(RefLayerVerticalPhase+RefLayerVert-
icalChromaPhase))<<(3-RefLayerSubHeightC)
[0079] The variables xRef16 and yRef16 for specifying the
corresponding alignment between the layers are derived as
follows:
xRef16=(((xP-offsetX)*ScaleFactorX+addX+(1<<11))>>12)+deltaX
yRef16=(((yP-offsetY)*ScaleFactorY+addY+(1<<11))>>12)+deltaY
[0080] In the equations above, offsetX and offsetY represent coarse
components of the scaled reference alignment and addX and addY
represent fine components.
[0081] The equations above for reference layer offsets deltaX and
deltaY each have two components, a coarse component (e.g.
RefLayerLeftOffset) and a fine component (e.g.
RefLayerHorizontalPhase). It is possible to constrain these offsets
to have only a coarse or fine component. In one embodiment, for
example, setting RefLayerHorizontalPhase=0 and
RefLayerVerticalPhase=0 for the cIdx=0 case results in the
following equations for deltaX and deltaY:
deltaX=(RefLayerLeftOffset<<4)
deltaY=(RefLayerTopOffset<<4)
[0082] In one embodiment, for example, setting
RefLayerHorizontalPhase=0, RefLayerHorizontalChromaPhase=0,
RefLayerVerticalPhase=0, and RefLayerVerticalChromaPhase=0 for the
cIdx=1 case yields the following equations for deltaX and
deltaY:
deltaX=(RefLayerLeftOffset<<2)<<(3-RefLayerSubWidthC)
deltaY=(RefLayerTopOffset<<2)<<(3-RefLayerSubHeightC)
[0083] FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C show a flow chart illustrating one
example of a method 500 for coding scalable video. The method
disclosed herein is applicable to both encoders and decoders. In
the case of an encoder, the encoder would signal (e.g. transmit or
write to bitstream), and in the case of a decoder, the decoder
would parse the bitstream to determine the syntax element.
[0084] At block 501 within the Picture Parameter set RBSP syntax,
determine if the pps_extension_flag is set. At 502, the PPS
multilayer extension flag is read or examined to determine if the
pps_multilayer_extension should be parsed. In some cases, for
example, when using an encoder, this step is referred to as
signaling. It is understood that in the case of an encoder or
encoding, the corresponding encoder-appropriate terminology is
assumed. At 503, if pps_extension_type_flag[1] is set, specifying
that the pps_multilayer_extension syntax structure is present, the
method proceeds 504 to the pps_multilayer_extension and the rest of
the steps after 503 are processed.
[0085] At block 505, ref_layer_id rLId is determined. Continuing to
block 506, scaled_ref_layer_left_offset is determined. At block
507, scaled_ref_layer_top_offset is determined. Next, at block 508,
scaled_ref_layer_right_offset is determined.
[0086] At block 509, scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset is
determined.
[0087] At block 511, scaled_ref_layer_left_phase is determined.
[0088] At block 513, scaled_ref_layer_top_phase is determined.
[0089] At block 515, scaled_ref_layer_left_phase_chroma_position is
determined.
[0090] At block 517, scaled_ref_layer_top_phase_chroma_position is
determined.
[0091] Next, at block 520, scaled reference layer offsets are
determined using:
ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset=scaled_ref_layer_left_offset[rLId]*SubWidthC
ScaledRefLayerTopOffset=scaled_ref_layer_top_offset[rLId]*SubHeightC
ScaledRefLayerRightOffset=scaled_ref_layer_right_offset[rLId]*SubWidthC
ScaledRefLayerBottomOffset=scaled_ref_layer_bottom_offset[rLId]*SubHeigh-
tC
ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase=scaled_ref_layer_left_phase[rLId]
ScaledRefLayerTopPhase=scaled_ref_layer_top_phase[rLId]
[0092] At block 522, ref_layer_left_offset is determined.
[0093] At block 524, ref_layer_top_offset is determined.
[0094] At block 526, ref_layer_right_offset is determined.
[0095] At block 528, ref_layer_bottom_offset is determined.
[0096] At block 530, Determine reference layer offsets:
RefLayerLeftOffset=ref_layer_left_offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubWidthC
RefLayerTopOffset=ref_layer_top_offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubHeightC
RefLayerRightOffset=ref_layer_right_offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubWidthC
RefLayerBottomOffset=ref_layer_bottom_offset[rLId]*RefLayerSubHeightC
[0097] At block 532, Determine:
ScaledRefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY=CurPicWidthInSamplesY-ScaledRefLayerLef-
tOffset-ScaledRefLayerRightOffset
ScaledRefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY=CurPicHeightInSamplesY-ScaledRefLayerT-
opOffset-ScaledRefLayerBottomOffset
[0098] At block 534, Determine:
RefLayerRegionWidthInSamplesY=RefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY-RefLayerLeftOff-
set-RefLayerRightOffset
RefLayerRegionHeightInSamplesY=RefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY-RefLayerTopOf-
fset-RefLayerBottomOffset
[0099] At block 536, Determine:
ScaleFactorX=((RefLayerRefRegionWidthInSamplesY<<16)+(ScaledRefLay-
erPicWidthInSamplesY>>1))/ScaledRefLayerPicWidthInSamplesY
ScaleFactorY=((RefLayerRefRegionHeightInSamplesY<<16)+(ScaledRefLa-
yerPicHeightInSamplesY>>1))/ScaledRefLayerPicHeightInSamplesY
[0100] At block 538, ref_layer_horizontal_phase is determined
[0101] At block 540, ref_layer_vertical_phase is determined.
[0102] At block 542, ref_layer_horizontal_chroma_position is
determined.
[0103] At block 544, ref_layer_vertical_chroma_position is
determined.
[0104] At block 546, determine reference layer phase offsets
using:
RefLayerHorizontalPhase=ref_layer_horizontal_phase[rLId]
RefLayerVerticalPhase=ref_layer_vertical_phase[rLId]
RefLayerHorizontalChromaPhase=ref_layer_horizontal_chroma_position[rLId]
RefLayerVerticalChromaPhase=ref_layer_vertical_chroma_position[rLId]
[0105] At block 548, Determine scaled reference layer offsets
(coarse) using:
offsetX=ScaledRefLayerLeftOffset/((cIdx==0)?1:SubWidthC)
offsetY=ScaledRefLayerTopOffset/((cIdx==0)?1:SubHeightC)
[0106] At block 555, determine if cIdx is equal to 0, and if so,
then:
[0107] At block 560, determine (fine scaled reference layer, and
coarse/fine reference layer) using:
addX=(ScaleFactorX*ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase+1)>>1)
addY=(ScaleFactorY*ScaledRefLayerTopPhase+1)>>1)
deltaX=(RefLayerLeftOffset<<4)-RefLayerHorizontalPhase<<2
deltaY=(RefLayerTopOffset<<4)-RefLayerVerticalPhase<<2
[0108] Otherwise, determine if cIdx is not equal to 0, (cIdx is
equal to 1), advance to block 562, and determine (fine scaled
reference layer, and coarse/fine reference layer):
addX=(ScaleFactorX*(ScaledRefLayerLeftPhase<<1+scaled_ref_layer_le-
ftphase_chroma_position)+SubWidthC<<1)>>(1+SubWidthC)
addY=(ScaleFactorY*(ScaledRefLayerTopPhase<<1+scaled_ref_layer_top-
_phase_chroma_position)+SubHeightC<<1)>>(1+SubHeightC)
deltaX=((RefLayerLeftOffset<<2)-(RefLayerHorizontalPhase+RefLayerH-
orizontalChromaPhase))<<(3-RefLayerSubWidthC)
deltaY=((RefLayerTopOffset<<2)-(RefLayerVerticalPhase+RefLayerVert-
icalChromaPhase))<<(3-RefLayerSubHeightC)
[0109] continuing on to block 564, determine:
xRef16=(((xP-offsetX)*ScaleFactorX+addX+(1<<11))>>12)+deltaX
yRef16=(((yP-offsetY)*ScaleFactorY+addY+(1<<11))>>12)+deltaY
[0110] Finally, at block 566, provide xRef16 and yRef16 for use in
selecting filters and input samples, for example in FIG. 3.
Illustrative Operating Environment
[0111] FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram that illustrates an
example coding system 10 that may utilize the techniques of this
disclosure. As used described herein, the term "video coder" can
refer to either or both video encoders and video decoders. In this
disclosure, the terms "video coding" or "coding" may refer to video
encoding and video decoding.
[0112] As shown in FIG. 6, video coding system 10 includes a source
device 12 and a destination device 14. Source device 12 generates
encoded video data. Accordingly, source device 12 may be referred
to as a video encoding device. Destination device 14 may decode the
encoded video data generated by source device 12. Accordingly,
destination device 14 may be referred to as a video decoding
device. Source device 12 and destination device 14 may be examples
of video coding devices.
[0113] Destination device 14 may receive encoded video data from
source device 12 via a channel 16. Channel 16 may comprise a type
of medium or device capable of moving the encoded video data from
source device 12 to destination device 14. In one example, channel
16 may comprise a communication medium that enables source device
12 to transmit encoded video data directly to destination device 14
in real-time.
[0114] In this example, source device 12 may modulate the encoded
video data according to a communication standard, such as a
wireless communication protocol, and may transmit the modulated
video data to destination device 14. The communication medium may
comprise a wireless or wired communication medium, such as a radio
frequency (RF) spectrum or one or more physical transmission lines.
The communication medium may form pail of a packet-based network,
such as a local area network, a wide-area network, or a global
network such as the Internet. The communication medium may include
routers, switches, base stations, or other equipment that
facilitates communication from source device 12 to destination
device 14. In another example, channel 16 may correspond to a
storage medium that stores the encoded video data generated by
source device 12.
[0115] In the example of FIG. 6, source device 12 includes a video
source 18, video encoder 20, and an output interface 22. In some
cases, output interface 22 may include a modulator/demodulator
(modem) and/or a transmitter. In source device 12, video source 18
may include a source such as a video capture device, e.g., a video
camera, a video archive containing previously captured video data,
a video feed interface to receive video data from a video content
provider, and/or a computer graphics system for generating video
data, or a combination of such sources.
[0116] Video encoder 20 may encode the captured, pre-captured, or
computer-generated video data. The encoded video data may be
transmitted directly to destination device 14 via output interface
22 of source device 12. The encoded video data may also be stored
onto a storage medium or a file server for later access by
destination device 14 for decoding and/or playback.
[0117] In the example of FIG. 6, destination device 14 includes an
input interface 28, a video decoder 30, and a display device 32. In
some cases, input interface 28 may include a receiver and/or a
modern. Input interface 28 of destination device 14 receives
encoded video data over channel 16. The encoded video data may
include a variety of syntax elements generated by video encoder 20
that represent the video data. Such syntax elements may be included
with the encoded video data transmitted on a communication medium,
stored on a storage medium, or stored a file server.
[0118] Display device 32 may be integrated with or may be external
to destination device 14. In some examples, destination device 14
may include an integrated display device and may also be configured
to interface with an external display device. In other examples,
destination device 14 may be a display device. In general, display
device 32 displays the decoded video data to a user.
[0119] Video encoder 20 includes a resampling module 25 which may
be configured to code (e.g., encode) video data in a scalable video
coding scheme that defines at least one base layer and at least one
enhancement layer. Resampling module 25 may resample at least some
video data as part of an encoding process, wherein resampling may
be performed in an adaptive manner using resampling filters.
Likewise, video decoder 30 may also include a resampling module 35
similar to the resampling module 25 employed in the video encoder
20.
[0120] Video encoder 20 and video decoder 30 may operate according
to a video compression standard, such as the High Efficiency Video
Coding (HEVC) standard. The HEVC standard is being developed by the
Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) of ITU-T Video
Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Motion Picture Experts
Group (MPEG). A recent draft of the HEVC standard is described in
Recommendation ITU-T H.265 International Standard ISO/IEC 23008-2,
High efficiency video coding, version 2, October 2014.
[0121] Additionally or alternatively, video encoder 20 and video
decoder 30 may operate according to other proprietary or industry
standards, such as the H.264 standard, alternatively referred to as
MPEG 1; Part 10, Advanced Video Coding (AVC), or extensions of such
standards. The techniques of this disclosure, however, are not
limited to any particular coding standard or technique. Other
examples of video compression standards and techniques include
MPEG-2, ITU-T H.263 and proprietary or open source compression
formats and related formats.
[0122] Video encoder 20 and video decoder 30 may be implemented in
hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. For
example, the video encoder 20 and decoder 30 may employ one or more
processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific
integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays
(FPGAs), discrete logic, or any combinations thereof. When the
video encoder 20 and decoder 30 are implemented partially in
software, a device may store instructions for the software in a
suitable, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium and may
execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors
to perform the techniques of this disclosure. Each of video encoder
20 and video decoder 30 may be included in one or more encoders or
decoders, either of which may be integrated as part of a combined
encoder/decoder (CODEC) in a respective device.
[0123] Aspects of the subject matter described herein may be
described in the general context of computer-executable
instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a
computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs,
objects, components, data structures, and so forth, which perform
particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
Aspects of the subject matter described herein may also be
practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are
performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a
communications network. In a distributed computing environment,
program modules may be located in both local and remote computer
storage media including memory storage devices.
[0124] Also, it is noted that some embodiments have been described
as a process which is depicted as a flow diagram or block diagram.
Although each may describe the operations as a sequential process,
many of the operations can be performed in parallel or
concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be
rearranged. A process may have additional steps not included in the
figure.
[0125] Particular embodiments may be implemented in a
non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use by or in
connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus,
system, or machine. The computer-readable storage medium contains
instructions for controlling a computer system to perform a method
described by particular embodiments. The computer system may
include one or more computing devices. The instructions, when
executed by one or more computer processors, may be configured to
perform that which is described in particular embodiments.
[0126] Although the subject matter has been described in language
specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is
to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended
claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts
described above.
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