U.S. patent application number 17/541169 was filed with the patent office on 2022-03-24 for tactile feedback for locked device user interfaces.
The applicant listed for this patent is Apple Inc.. Invention is credited to Madeleine S. Cordier, Jean-Pierre M. Mouilleseaux, Camille Moussette.
Application Number | 20220091678 17/541169 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-03-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220091678 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Moussette; Camille ; et
al. |
March 24, 2022 |
Tactile Feedback for Locked Device User Interfaces
Abstract
An electronic device displays a camera user interface for
capturing media. While displaying the camera user interface, the
device detects activation of a capture affordance. If the
activation of the capture affordance is detected while the camera
user interface is in a first media capture mode (e.g., still
picture capture mode), the device captures media of a first type,
and generates a first tactile output. If the activation of the
capture affordance is detected while the camera user interface is
in a second media capture mode (e.g., a video capture mode or a
live picture capture mode), capturing media of the second type, and
forgoing generating the first tactile output in response to
activation of the capture affordance.
Inventors: |
Moussette; Camille; (San
Francisco, CA) ; Mouilleseaux; Jean-Pierre M.; (San
Francisco, CA) ; Cordier; Madeleine S.; (San
Francisco, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Apple Inc. |
Cupertino |
CA |
US |
|
|
Appl. No.: |
17/541169 |
Filed: |
December 2, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15972040 |
May 4, 2018 |
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17541169 |
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62507138 |
May 16, 2017 |
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International
Class: |
G06F 3/01 20060101
G06F003/01; G06F 3/0481 20060101 G06F003/0481; G06F 3/0484 20060101
G06F003/0484; G06F 3/0488 20060101 G06F003/0488 |
Claims
1. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs,
the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when
executed by an electronic device with a display, one or more input
devices, a camera, and one or more tactile output generators, cause
the electronic device to: display a camera user interface for
capturing media via the camera, wherein the camera has a plurality
of media capture modes; while displaying the camera user interface,
detect, via the one or more input devices, activation of a capture
affordance; and in response to detecting, via the one or more input
devices, activation of the capture affordance: in accordance with a
determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a first media
capture mode, wherein capturing media in the first media capture
mode includes capturing media of a first type that includes one or
more images captured without audio: capture media of the first
type; and generate a first tactile output; and in accordance with a
determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a second media
capture mode that is distinct from the first media capture mode,
wherein capturing media in the second media capture mode includes
capturing media of a second type that includes a sequence of images
and corresponding audio: capture media of the second type; and
forgo generating the first tactile output in response to activation
of the capture affordance.
2. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the one
or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the
electronic device, cause the electronic device to, in response to
detecting, via the one or more input devices, the activation of the
capture affordance, in accordance with the determination that the
activation of the capture affordance was detected while the camera
user interface was in the second media capture mode, generate a
second tactile output that has a lower amplitude than the first
tactile output in conjunction with capturing the media of the
second type.
3. The computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the
second tactile output includes the first tactile output with
reduced amplitude.
4. The computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein, for a
respective tactile output generated while capturing the media of
the second type, the respective tactile output is selected based on
a determination that the respective tactile output interferes with
the captured media by an amount that is below a predefined
threshold.
5. The computer readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the
second tactile output includes the first tactile output with scale
reduced to zero.
6. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein:
capturing the media of the first type includes capturing a sequence
of images; the first tactile output corresponds to an initial image
in the sequence of images; and the one or more programs include
instructions that, when executed by the electronic device, cause
the electronic device to, for each image in the sequence of images
other than the initial image, determine a time interval from a
point in time corresponding to capturing a most recent prior image
for which the first tactile output was generated, to a point in
time corresponding to capturing the respective image; in accordance
with a determination that the time interval is less than a
predefined time period, capture the respective image without
generating the first tactile output; and in accordance with a
determination that the time interval is greater than the predefined
time period, capture the respective image and generating the first
tactile output.
7. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the one
or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the
electronic device, cause the electronic device to: detect a user
input to switch from a first respective media capture mode to a
second respective media capture mode; and in response to detecting
the user input: switch the camera user interface from the first
respective media capture mode to the second respective media
capture mode; and generate a third tactile output.
8. The computer readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the one
or more programs include instructions that, when executed by the
electronic device, cause the electronic device to: while displaying
the camera user interface, detect, via the one or more input
devices, a second user input for performing an operation in the
camera user interface other than activation of the capture
affordance; and in response to detecting the second user input via
the one or more input devices, perform the operation in the camera
user interface and generate a fourth tactile output without regard
to whether the camera user interface is in the first media capture
mode or the second media capture mode.
9. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the
operation in the camera user interface includes changing a scale of
a displayed user interface element in the camera user interface;
and wherein the fourth tactile output is generated in accordance
with a determination that the scale of the displayed user interface
element satisfies a predefined limit.
10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the
operation in the camera user interface includes changing a filter
setting of the camera user interface.
11. An electronic device, comprising: a display; one or more input
devices; a camera; one or more tactile output generators; one or
more processors; and memory storing one or more programs, wherein
the one or more programs are configured to be executed by the one
or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions
for: displaying a camera user interface for capturing media via the
camera, wherein the camera has a plurality of media capture modes;
while displaying the camera user interface, detecting, via the one
or more input devices, activation of a capture affordance; and in
response to detecting, via the one or more input devices,
activation of the capture affordance: in accordance with a
determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a first media
capture mode, wherein capturing media in the first media capture
mode includes capturing media of a first type that includes one or
more images captured without audio: capturing media of the first
type; and generating a first tactile output; and in accordance with
a determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a second media
capture mode that is distinct from the first media capture mode,
wherein capturing media in the second media capture mode includes
capturing media of a second type that includes a sequence of images
and corresponding audio: capturing media of the second type; and
forgoing generating the first tactile output in response to
activation of the capture affordance.
12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the one or more
programs include instructions for, in response to detecting, via
the one or more input devices, the activation of the capture
affordance, in accordance with the determination that the
activation of the capture affordance was detected while the camera
user interface was in the second media capture mode, generating a
second tactile output that has a lower amplitude than the first
tactile output in conjunction with capturing the media of the
second type.
13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the second tactile
output includes the first tactile output with reduced
amplitude.
14. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein, for a respective
tactile output generated while capturing the media of the second
type, the respective tactile output is selected based on a
determination that the respective tactile output interferes with
the captured media by an amount that is below a predefined
threshold.
15. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the second tactile
output includes the first tactile output with scale reduced to
zero.
16. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein: capturing the media
of the first type includes capturing a sequence of images; the
first tactile output corresponds to an initial image in the
sequence of images; and the one or more programs include
instructions for, for each image in the sequence of images other
than the initial image, determining a time interval from a point in
time corresponding to capturing a most recent prior image for which
the first tactile output was generated, to a point in time
corresponding to capturing the respective image; in accordance with
a determination that the time interval is less than a predefined
time period, capturing the respective image without generating the
first tactile output; and in accordance with a determination that
the time interval is greater than the predefined time period,
capturing the respective image and generating the first tactile
output.
17. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the one or more
programs include instructions for: detecting a user input to switch
from a first respective media capture mode to a second respective
media capture mode; and in response to detecting the user input:
switching the camera user interface from the first respective media
capture mode to the second respective media capture mode; and
generating a third tactile output.
18. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the one or more
programs include instructions for: while displaying the camera user
interface, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a second
user input for performing an operation in the camera user interface
other than activation of the capture affordance; and in response to
detecting the second user input via the one or more input devices,
performing the operation in the camera user interface and
generating a fourth tactile output without regard to whether the
camera user interface is in the first media capture mode or the
second media capture mode.
19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the operation in the
camera user interface includes changing a scale of a displayed user
interface element in the camera user interface; and wherein the
fourth tactile output is generated in accordance with a
determination that the scale of the displayed user interface
element satisfies a predefined limit.
20. A method, comprising: at an electronic device with a display,
one or more input devices, a camera, and one or more tactile output
generators: displaying a camera user interface for capturing media
via the camera, wherein the camera has a plurality of media capture
modes; while displaying the camera user interface, detecting, via
the one or more input devices, activation of a capture affordance;
and in response to detecting, via the one or more input devices,
activation of the capture affordance: in accordance with a
determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a first media
capture mode, wherein capturing media in the first media capture
mode includes capturing media of a first type that includes one or
more images captured without audio: capturing media of the first
type; and generating a first tactile output; and in accordance with
a determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a second media
capture mode that is distinct from the first media capture mode,
wherein capturing media in the second media capture mode includes
capturing media of a second type that includes a sequence of images
and corresponding audio: capturing media of the second type; and
forgoing generating the first tactile output in response to
activation of the capture affordance.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 15/972,040, filed May 4, 2018, which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/507,138, filed May 16, 2017,
which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This relates generally to electronic devices with
touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic
devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that generate tactile outputs
to provide haptic feedback.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for
computers and other electronic computing devices has increased
significantly in recent years. Example touch-sensitive surfaces
include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such surfaces are
widely used to manipulate user interfaces and objects therein on a
display. User interface objects can include icons and notifications
displayed in a lock screen user interface, as well as the
locked-mode controls of an application having functionality
available to the user while the device operates in a locked mode
(e.g., prior to authentication of the user, for example through
entry of a passcode or fingerprint or other user authentication
information).
[0004] Example locked screen features include icons for accessing
applications or device features available in the device's locked
mode. Examples include a flashlight icon for toggling a state of a
flashlight in the device, a camera application, and features within
the camera application that are accessible in the device's locked
mode. User manipulations of user interface features include
adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface
objects or activating buttons or opening files/applications
represented by user interface objects, as well as associating
metadata with one or more user interface objects or otherwise
manipulating user interfaces. Example user interface objects
include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such
as buttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances,
need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a
file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,
Calif.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture, iPhoto,
Photos from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content
(e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from
Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a
presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of
Cupertino, Calif.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from
Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application
(e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.).
[0005] Haptic feedback, typically in combination with visual and/or
audio feedback, is often used to indicate a particular state of
electronic devices.
[0006] But methods for performing these manipulations are
cumbersome and inefficient. For example, using a sequence of mouse
based inputs to select one or more user interface objects and
perform one or more actions on the selected user interface objects
is tedious and creates a significant cognitive burden on a user. In
addition, these methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting
energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in
battery-operated devices.
SUMMARY
[0007] Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with
faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing haptic
feedback to a user while providing access to locked mode device
features, but preventing accidental activation of such features,
and for providing an improved camera application user interface
that provides tactile outputs that confirm user actions, but
suppresses or reduces the generation of tactile outputs when such
tactile outputs would disrupt or reduce the quality of the audio
portion of media captured in certain operating modes. Such methods
and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional
methods for providing access to locked mode features, and capturing
media with a camera application. Such methods and interfaces reduce
the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and
produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For
battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve
power and increase the time between battery charges.
[0008] The above deficiencies and other problems associated with
user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive
surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In
some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some
embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer,
tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the
device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic
device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the device has a
touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive
display (also known as a "touch screen" or "touch-screen display").
In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface
(GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules,
programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for
performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user
interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger
contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some
embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing,
drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, game
playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant
messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital
videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or
digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these
functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer
readable storage medium or other computer program product
configured for execution by one or more processors.
[0009] In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at
an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and
one or more tactile output generators, includes displaying, on the
display, a user interface that includes a respective user interface
element, wherein the respective user interface element is
associated with a respective operation. The method further includes
detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a user input directed to
the respective user interface element, including detecting a
contact at a location that corresponds to the respective user
interface element and detecting a first portion of the user input
that includes an increase in intensity of the contact followed by a
second portion of the user input that includes a decrease in
intensity of the contact. The method further includes, in response
to detecting the user input, displaying a transformation of the
respective user interface element, wherein a degree of the
transformation is determined based on an intensity of the user
input; and in accordance with a determination that the first
portion of the user input satisfies feed-forward criteria, wherein
the feed-forward criteria include a requirement that a
characteristic intensity of the contact increase above a
feed-forward intensity threshold in order for the feed-forward
criteria to be met, generating a first tactile output without
performing the respective operation.
[0010] The method further includes, in accordance with a
determination that the second portion of the user input satisfies
activation criteria, wherein the activation criteria include a
requirement that the characteristic intensity of the contact
decrease below an activation intensity threshold: generating a
second tactile output; and performing, at the device, the
respective operation associated with the respective user interface
element. Further, the method includes, in accordance with a
determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact does
not satisfy the feed-forward intensity threshold during the user
input: forgoing generating the first tactile output and the second
tactile output; and forgoing performing the respective operation
associated with the respective user interface element.
[0011] In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at
an electronic device with one or more input devices, one or more
output devices, and one or more tactile output generators, includes
displaying a camera user interface for capturing media, wherein the
camera has a plurality of media capture modes. The method further
includes, while displaying the camera user interface, detecting,
via the one or more input devices, activation of a capture
affordance, and in response to detecting, via the one or more input
devices, activation of the capture affordance: in accordance with a
determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a first media
capture mode, wherein capturing media in the first media capture
mode includes capturing media of a first type that includes one or
more images captured without audio: capturing media of the first
type, and generating a first tactile output. The method further
includes, in response to detecting, via the one or more input
devices, activation of the capture affordance: in accordance with a
determination that the activation of the capture affordance was
detected while the camera user interface was in a second media
capture mode that is distinct from the first media capture mode,
wherein capturing media in the second media capture mode includes
capturing media of a second type that includes a sequence of images
and corresponding audio: capturing media of the second type, and
forgoing generating the first tactile output in response to
activation of the capture affordance.
[0012] In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device
includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or
more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output
generators, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more
programs; the one or more programs are configured to be executed by
the one or more processors and the one or more programs include
instructions for performing or causing performance of the
operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance
with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has
stored therein instructions, which, when executed by an electronic
device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or
more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output
generators, cause the device to perform or cause performance of the
operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance
with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic
device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or
more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output
generators, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or
more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the
elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which
are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the
methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an
electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts
with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more
tactile output generators; and means for performing or causing
performance of the operations of any of the methods described
herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information
processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a
display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors
to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface,
and optionally one or more tactile output generators, includes
means for performing or causing performance of the operations of
any of the methods described herein.
[0013] Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive
surfaces, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of
contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more
tactile output generators, optionally one or more device
orientation sensors, and optionally an audio system, are provided
with improved methods and interfaces for providing tactile outputs,
thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user
satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may
complement or replace conventional methods for providing tactile
outputs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] For a better understanding of the various described
embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of
Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in
which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts
throughout the figures.
[0015] FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable
multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance
with some embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating example components
for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output
module in accordance with some embodiments.
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a
touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.
[0019] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example multifunction device
with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with
some embodiments.
[0020] FIG. 4A illustrates an example user interface for a menu of
applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with
some embodiments.
[0021] FIG. 4B illustrates an example user interface for a
multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is
separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments.
[0022] FIGS. 4C-4E illustrate examples of dynamic intensity
thresholds in accordance with some embodiments.
[0023] FIGS. 4F-4K illustrate a set of sample tactile output
patterns in accordance with some embodiments.
[0024] FIGS. 5A-5BA illustrate example user interfaces for
generating tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments.
[0025] FIGS. 6A-6H are flow diagrams of a process for generating
tactile outputs in response to user actions on the user interface
of a device in the locked mode of operation, in accordance with
some embodiments.
[0026] FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams of a process for generating
tactile outputs in response to user actions on the user interface
of a camera application in accordance with some embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0027] Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces for
use when the device is in a locked mode of operation, for
authenticating the user, as well as for providing access to a
reduced set of device features, such as for toggling a state of a
flashlight in the device, and for enabling use of a camera in the
device using a camera application. As described in more detail
below, to ensure that user inputs to access such features are not
accidental, a variety of intensity-based criteria, time-base
criteria, and tactile outputs are employed to both make use of the
device efficient and intuitive, thereby enabling intuitive and fast
access to the locked mode features while reducing the likelihood of
inadvertent activations of such features.
[0028] Many electronic devices provide feedback as input is
detected at a graphical user interface to provide an indication of
the effects the input has on device operations. Methods described
herein provide haptic feedback, often in conjunction with visual
and/or audio feedback, to help a user understand the effects of
detected inputs on device operations and to provide information to
a user about the state of a device.
[0029] Below, FIGS. 1A-1C, 2, and 3 provide a description of
example devices. FIGS. 4A-4B and 5A-5BA illustrate example user
interfaces for accessing locked mode features of a device, and for
providing tactile outputs to a user while accessing camera
application features, while suppresses or reducing the amplitude of
various tactile outputs so as to avoid interference with recording
the audio portion of media being captured by the camera
application. FIGS. 6A-6H illustrate a flow diagram of a method of
accessing locked mode features of a device. FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate
a flow diagram of a method of accessing camera application features
of a device, including providing tactile outputs to confirm user
inputs, while suppressing or reducing the amplitude of various
tactile outputs so as to avoid interference with recording the
audio portion of media being captured by the camera application.
The user interfaces in FIGS. 5A-5BA are used to illustrate the
processes in FIGS. 6A-6H, and 7A-7C.
EXAMPLE DEVICES
[0030] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments,
examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In
the following detailed description, numerous specific details are
set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the
various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one
of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments
may be practiced without these specific details. In other
instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits,
and networks have not been described in detail so as not to
unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
[0031] It will also be understood that, although the terms first,
second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe
various elements, these elements should not be limited by these
terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from
another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second
contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first
contact, without departing from the scope of the various described
embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both
contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context
clearly indicates otherwise.
[0032] The terminology used in the description of the various
described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing
particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As
used in the description of the various described embodiments and
the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are
intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context
clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the
term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all
possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed
items. It will be further understood that the terms "includes,"
"including," "comprises," and/or "comprising," when used in this
specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers,
steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude
the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers,
steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
[0033] As used herein, the term "if" is, optionally, construed to
mean "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in
response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the
phrase "if it is determined" or "if [a stated condition or event]
is detected" is, optionally, construed to mean "upon determining"
or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [the stated
condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [the stated
condition or event]," depending on the context.
[0034] Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such
devices, and associated processes for using such devices are
described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable
communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also
contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player
functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices
include, without limitation, the iPhone.RTM., iPod Touch.RTM., and
iPad.RTM. devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other
portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers
with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or
touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood
that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable
communications device, but is a desktop computer with a
touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a
touchpad).
[0035] In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that
includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It
should be understood, however, that the electronic device
optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface
devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a
joystick.
[0036] The device typically supports a variety of applications,
such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a
drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing
application, a website creation application, a disk authoring
application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a
telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail
application, an instant messaging application, a workout support
application, a photo management application, a digital camera
application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing
application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital
video player application.
[0037] The various applications that are executed on the device
optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device,
such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the
touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information
displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied
from one application to the next and/or within a respective
application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as
the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the
variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and
transparent to the user.
[0038] Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable
devices with touch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram
illustrating portable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive
display system 112 in accordance with some embodiments.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 is sometimes called a "touch
screen" for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a
touch-sensitive display. Device 100 includes memory 102 (which
optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums),
memory controller 122, one or more processing units (CPUs) 120,
peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106,
other input or control devices 116, and external port 124. Device
100 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100
optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 165 for detecting
intensities of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive
surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100).
Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile output
generators 167 for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g.,
generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as
touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of
device 300). These components optionally communicate over one or
more communication buses or signal lines 103.
[0039] As used in the specification and claims, the term "tactile
output" refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a
previous position of the device, physical displacement of a
component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to
another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of
the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will
be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example,
in situations where the device or the component of the device is in
contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g.,
a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output
generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the
user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in
physical characteristics of the device or the component of the
device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a
touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by
the user as a "down click" or "up click" of a physical actuator
button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as
an "down click" or "up click" even when there is no movement of a
physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive
surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's
movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive
surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as
"roughness" of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no
change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such
interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the
individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many
sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of
users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to
a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an "up click," a
"down click," "roughness"), unless otherwise stated, the generated
tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device
or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory
perception for a typical (or average) user. Using tactile outputs
to provide haptic feedback to a user enhances the operability of
the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient
(e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing
user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which,
additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the
device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and
efficiently.
[0040] In some embodiments, a tactile output pattern specifies
characteristics of a tactile output, such as the amplitude of the
tactile output, the shape of a movement waveform of the tactile
output, the frequency of the tactile output, and/or the duration of
the tactile output.
[0041] When tactile outputs with different tactile output patterns
are generated by a device (e.g., via one or more tactile output
generators that move a moveable mass to generate tactile outputs),
the tactile outputs may invoke different haptic sensations in a
user holding or touching the device. While the sensation of the
user is based on the user's perception of the tactile output, most
users will be able to identify changes in waveform, frequency, and
amplitude of tactile outputs generated by the device. Thus, the
waveform, frequency and amplitude can be adjusted to indicate to
the user that different operations have been performed. As such,
tactile outputs with tactile output patterns that are designed,
selected, and/or engineered to simulate characteristics (e.g.,
size, material, weight, stiffness, smoothness, etc.); behaviors
(e.g., oscillation, displacement, acceleration, rotation,
expansion, etc.); and/or interactions (e.g., collision, adhesion,
repulsion, attraction, friction, etc.) of objects in a given
environment (e.g., a user interface that includes graphical
features and objects, a simulated physical environment with virtual
boundaries and virtual objects, a real physical environment with
physical boundaries and physical objects, and/or a combination of
any of the above) will, in some circumstances, provide helpful
feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the
efficiency of the user's operation of the device. Additionally,
tactile outputs are, optionally, generated to correspond to
feedback that is unrelated to a simulated physical characteristic,
such as an input threshold or a selection of an object. Such
tactile outputs will, in some circumstances, provide helpful
feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the
efficiency of the user's operation of the device.
[0042] In some embodiments, a tactile output with a suitable
tactile output pattern serves as a cue for the occurrence of an
event of interest in a user interface or behind the scenes in a
device. Examples of the events of interest include activation of an
affordance (e.g., a real or virtual button, or toggle switch)
provided on the device or in a user interface, success or failure
of a requested operation, reaching or crossing a boundary in a user
interface, entry into a new state, switching of input focus between
objects, activation of a new mode, reaching or crossing an input
threshold, detection or recognition of a type of input or gesture,
etc. In some embodiments, tactile outputs are provided to serve as
a warning or an alert for an impending event or outcome that would
occur unless a redirection or interruption input is timely
detected. Tactile outputs are also used in other contexts to enrich
the user experience, improve the accessibility of the device to
users with visual or motor difficulties or other accessibility
needs, and/or improve efficiency and functionality of the user
interface and/or the device. Tactile outputs are optionally
accompanied with audio outputs and/or visible user interface
changes, which further enhance a user's experience when the user
interacts with a user interface and/or the device, and facilitate
better conveyance of information regarding the state of the user
interface and/or the device, and which reduce input errors and
increase the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.
[0043] FIGS. 4F-4H provide a set of sample tactile output patterns
that may be used, either individually or in combination, either as
is or through one or more transformations (e.g., modulation,
amplification, truncation, etc.), to create suitable haptic
feedback in various scenarios and for various purposes, such as
those mentioned above and those described with respect to the user
interfaces and methods discussed herein. This example of a palette
of tactile outputs shows how a set of three waveforms and eight
frequencies can be used to produce an array of tactile output
patterns. In addition to the tactile output patterns shown in this
figure, each of these tactile output patterns is optionally
adjusted in amplitude by changing a gain value for the tactile
output pattern, as shown, for example for FullTap 80 Hz, FullTap
200 Hz, MiniTap 80 Hz, MiniTap 200 Hz, MicroTap 80 Hz, and MicroTap
200 Hz in FIGS. 4I-4K, which are each shown with variants having a
gain of 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25. As shown in FIGS. 4I-4K, changing
the gain of a tactile output pattern changes the amplitude of the
pattern without changing the frequency of the pattern or changing
the shape of the waveform. In some embodiments, changing the
frequency of a tactile output pattern also results in a lower
amplitude as some tactile output generators are limited by how much
force can be applied to the moveable mass and thus higher frequency
movements of the mass are constrained to lower amplitudes to ensure
that the acceleration needed to create the waveform does not
require force outside of an operational force range of the tactile
output generator (e.g., the peak amplitudes of the FullTap at 230
Hz, 270 Hz, and 300 Hz are lower than the amplitudes of the FullTap
at 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 125 Hz, and 200 Hz).
[0044] FIGS. 4F-4K show tactile output patterns that have a
particular waveform. The waveform of a tactile output pattern
represents the pattern of physical displacements relative to a
neutral position (e.g., xzero) versus time that a moveable mass
goes through to generate a tactile output with that tactile output
pattern. For example, a first set of tactile output patterns shown
in FIG. 4F (e.g., tactile output patterns of a "FullTap") each have
a waveform that includes an oscillation with two complete cycles
(e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a neutral position
and crosses the neutral position three times). A second set of
tactile output patterns shown in FIG. 4G (e.g., tactile output
patterns of a "MiniTap") each have a waveform that includes an
oscillation that includes one complete cycle (e.g., an oscillation
that starts and ends in a neutral position and crosses the neutral
position one time). A third set of tactile output patterns shown in
FIG. 4H (e.g., tactile output patterns of a "MicroTap") each have a
waveform that includes an oscillation that include one half of a
complete cycle (e.g., an oscillation that starts and ends in a
neutral position and does not cross the neutral position). The
waveform of a tactile output pattern also includes a start buffer
and an end buffer that represent the gradual speeding up and
slowing down of the moveable mass at the start and at the end of
the tactile output. The example waveforms shown in FIGS. 4F-4K
include xmm and xmax values which represent the maximum and minimum
extent of movement of the moveable mass. For larger electronic
devices with larger moveable masses, there may be larger or smaller
minimum and maximum extents of movement of the mass. The examples
shown in FIGS. 4F-4K describe movement of a mass in 1 dimension,
however similar principles would also apply to movement of a
moveable mass in two or three dimensions.
[0045] As shown in FIGS. 4F-4H, each tactile output pattern also
has a corresponding characteristic frequency that affects the
"pitch" of a haptic sensation that is felt by a user from a tactile
output with that characteristic frequency. For a continuous tactile
output, the characteristic frequency represents the number of
cycles that are completed within a given period of time (e.g.,
cycles per second) by the moveable mass of the tactile output
generator. For a discrete tactile output, a discrete output signal
(e.g., with 0.5, 1, or 2 cycles) is generated, and the
characteristic frequency value specifies how fast the moveable mass
needs to move to generate a tactile output with that characteristic
frequency. As shown in FIGS. 4F-4H, for each type of tactile output
(e.g., as defined by a respective waveform, such as FullTap,
MiniTap, or MicroTap), a higher frequency value corresponds to
faster movement(s) by the moveable mass, and hence, in general, a
shorter time to complete the tactile output (e.g., including the
time to complete the required number of cycle(s) for the discrete
tactile output, plus a start and an end buffer time). For example,
a FullTap with a characteristic frequency of 80 Hz takes longer to
complete than FullTap with a characteristic frequency of 100 Hz
(e.g., 35.4 ms vs. 28.3 ms in FIG. 4F). In addition, for a given
frequency, a tactile output with more cycles in its waveform at a
respective frequency takes longer to complete than a tactile output
with fewer cycles its waveform at the same respective frequency.
For example, a FullTap at 150 Hz takes longer to complete than a
MiniTap at 150 Hz (e.g., 19.4 ms vs. 12.8 ms), and a MiniTap at 150
Hz takes longer to complete than a MicroTap at 150 Hz (e.g., 12.8
ms vs. 9.4 ms). However, for tactile output patterns with different
frequencies this rule may not apply (e.g., tactile outputs with
more cycles but a higher frequency may take a shorter amount of
time to complete than tactile outputs with fewer cycles but a lower
frequency, and vice versa). For example, at 300 Hz, a FullTap takes
as long as a MiniTap (e.g., 9.9 ms).
[0046] As shown in FIGS. 4F-4H, a tactile output pattern also has a
characteristic amplitude that affects the amount of energy that is
contained in a tactile signal, or a "strength" of a haptic
sensation that may be felt by a user through a tactile output with
that characteristic amplitude. In some embodiments, the
characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern refers to an
absolute or normalized value that represents the maximum
displacement of the moveable mass from a neutral position when
generating the tactile output. In some embodiments, the
characteristic amplitude of a tactile output pattern is adjustable,
e.g., by a fixed or dynamically determined gain factor (e.g., a
value between 0 and 1), in accordance with various conditions
(e.g., customized based on user interface contexts and behaviors)
and/or preconfigured metrics (e.g., input-based metrics, and/or
user-interface-based metrics). In some embodiments, an input-based
metric (e.g., an intensity-change metric or an input-speed metric)
measures a characteristic of an input (e.g., a rate of change of a
characteristic intensity of a contact in a press input or a rate of
movement of the contact across a touch-sensitive surface) during
the input that triggers generation of a tactile output. In some
embodiments, a user-interface-based metric (e.g., a
speed-across-boundary metric) measures a characteristic of a user
interface element (e.g., a speed of movement of the element across
a hidden or visible boundary in a user interface) during the user
interface change that triggers generation of the tactile output. In
some embodiments, the characteristic amplitude of a tactile output
pattern may be modulated by an "envelope" and the peaks of adjacent
cycles may have different amplitudes, where one of the waveforms
shown above is further modified by multiplication by an envelope
parameter that changes over time (e.g., from 0 to 1) to gradually
adjust amplitude of portions of the tactile output over time as the
tactile output is being generated.
[0047] Although specific frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms are
represented in the sample tactile output patterns in FIGS. 4F-4H
for illustrative purposes, tactile output patterns with other
frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms may be used for similar
purposes. For example, waveforms that have between 0.5 to 4 cycles
can be used. Other frequencies in the range of 60 Hz-400 Hz may be
used as well.
[0048] It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example
of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally
has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or
more components, or optionally has a different configuration or
arrangement of the components. The various components shown in FIG.
1A are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a
combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or
application specific integrated circuits.
[0049] Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access
memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as
one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or
other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102
by other components of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the
peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory
controller 122.
[0050] Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and
output peripherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102. The
one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs
and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various
functions for device 100 and to process data.
[0051] In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120,
and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single
chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are,
optionally, implemented on separate chips.
[0052] RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF
signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108
converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and
communicates with communications networks and other communications
devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108
optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these
functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF
transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more
oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a
subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF
circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the
Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet
and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a
wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area
network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The
wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of
communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but
not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM),
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet
access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution,
Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPA), long term
evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code
division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access
(CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless
Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax,
IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g.,
Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol
(POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence
protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging
and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and
Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or
any other suitable communication protocol, including communication
protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this
document.
[0053] Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide
an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry
110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts
the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the
electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the
electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110
also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from
sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to
audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface
118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from
and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by
peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110
also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jack
provides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable
audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a
headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears)
and input (e.g., a microphone).
[0054] I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device
100, such as touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or
control devices 116, with peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem
106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor
controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback
controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other
input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160
receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control
devices 116. The other input or control devices 116 optionally
include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons,
etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so
forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are,
optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a
keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device
such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2)
optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker
111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons optionally
include a push button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).
[0055] Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input
interface and an output interface between the device and a user.
Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals
from/to touch-sensitive display system 112. Touch-sensitive display
system 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output
optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any
combination thereof (collectively termed "graphics"). In some
embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user
interface objects. As used herein, the term "affordance" refers to
a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a
graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to
inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object).
Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects
include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable
menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control.
[0056] Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive
surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user
based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display
system 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated
modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact
(and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive
display system 112 and converts the detected contact into
interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft
keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on
touch-sensitive display system 112. In some embodiments, a point of
contact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the user
corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.
[0057] Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD
(liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer
display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology,
although other display technologies are used in other embodiments.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156
optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof
using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or
later developed, including but not limited to capacitive,
resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as
well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for
determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive
display system 112. In some embodiments, projected mutual
capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the
iPhone.RTM., iPod Touch.RTM., and iPad.RTM. from Apple Inc. of
Cupertino, Calif.
[0058] Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video
resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch
screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800
dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with
touch-sensitive display system 112 using any suitable object or
appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some
embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with
finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than
stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on
the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the
rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or
command for performing the actions desired by the user.
[0059] In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device
100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or
deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the
touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the
touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is,
optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from
touch-sensitive display system 112 or an extension of the
touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
[0060] Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the
various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power
management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery,
alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure
detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status
indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other
components associated with the generation, management and
distribution of power in portable devices.
[0061] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical
sensors 164. FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled with optical
sensor controller 158 in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor(s) 164
optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary
metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical
sensor(s) 164 receive light from the environment, projected through
one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an
image. In conjunction with imaging module 143 (also called a camera
module), optical sensor(s) 164 optionally capture still images
and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on
the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive display system 112
on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for
use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In
some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of
the device so that the user's image is obtained (e.g., for selfies,
for videoconferencing while the user views the other video
conference participants on the touch screen, etc.).
[0062] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact
intensity sensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor
coupled with intensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106.
Contact intensity sensor(s) 165 optionally include one or more
piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric
force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors,
capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors
(e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact
on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s) 165
receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information
or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some
embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated
with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,
touch-sensitive display system 112). In some embodiments, at least
one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device 100,
opposite touch-screen display system 112 which is located on the
front of device 100.
[0063] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity
sensors 166. FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled with
peripherals interface 118. Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is
coupled with input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some
embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables
touch-sensitive display system 112 when the multifunction device is
placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone
call).
[0064] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile
output generators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator
coupled with haptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106.
In some embodiments, tactile output generator(s) 167 include one or
more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio
components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy
into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive
polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other
tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that
converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device).
Tactile output generator(s) 167 receive tactile feedback generation
instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generates tactile
outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a user of
device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile output
generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally,
generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface
vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally
(e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device
100). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator
sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite
touch-sensitive display system 112, which is located on the front
of device 100.
[0065] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more
accelerometers 168. FIG. 1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled with
peripherals interface 118. Alternately, accelerometer 168 is,
optionally, coupled with an input controller 160 in I/O subsystem
106. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the
touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based
on an analysis of data received from the one or more
accelerometers. Device 100 optionally includes, in addition to
accelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or
GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for
obtaining information concerning the location and orientation
(e.g., portrait or landscape) of device 100.
[0066] In some embodiments, the software components stored in
memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or
set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of
instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132,
haptic feedback module (or set of instructions) 133, text input
module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System
(GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or
sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory
102 stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A
and 3. Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of:
active application state, indicating which applications, if any,
are currently active; display state, indicating what applications,
views or other information occupy various regions of
touch-sensitive display system 112; sensor state, including
information obtained from the device's various sensors and other
input or control devices 116; and location and/or positional
information concerning the device's location and/or attitude.
[0067] Operating system 126 (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX,
OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks)
includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling
and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage
device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates
communication between various hardware and software components.
[0068] Communication module 128 facilitates communication with
other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes
various software components for handling data received by RF
circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g.,
Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling
directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the
Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external
port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as,
or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in
some iPhone.RTM., iPod Touch.RTM., and iPad.RTM. devices from Apple
Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is
a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or
compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone.RTM.,
iPod Touch.RTM., and iPad.RTM. devices from Apple Inc. of
Cupertino, Calif.
[0069] Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with
touch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with display
controller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad
or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes
various software components for performing various operations
related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus),
such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a
finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g.,
the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force
or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of
the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and
determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up
event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives
contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement
of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of
contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude),
velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a
change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact.
These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g.,
one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous
contacts (e.g., "multitouch"/multiple finger contacts). In some
embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156
detect contact on a touchpad.
[0070] Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input
by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have
different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings,
and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is,
optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For
example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a
finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off)
event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as
the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As
another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the
touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event
followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and
subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.
Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally
detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for
the stylus.
[0071] In some embodiments, detecting a finger tap gesture depends
on the length of time between detecting the finger-down event and
the finger-up event, but is independent of the intensity of the
finger contact between detecting the finger-down event and the
finger-up event. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected in
accordance with a determination that the length of time between the
finger-down event and the finger-up event is less than a
predetermined value (e.g., less than 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5
seconds), independent of whether the intensity of the finger
contact during the tap meets a given intensity threshold (greater
than a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold), such as a
light press or deep press intensity threshold. Thus, a finger tap
gesture can satisfy particular input criteria that do not require
that the characteristic intensity of a contact satisfy a given
intensity threshold in order for the particular input criteria to
be met. For clarity, the finger contact in a tap gesture typically
needs to satisfy a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold,
below which the contact is not detected, in order for the
finger-down event to be detected. A similar analysis applies to
detecting a tap gesture by a stylus or other contact. In cases
where the device is capable of detecting a finger or stylus contact
hovering over a touch sensitive surface, the nominal
contact-detection intensity threshold optionally does not
correspond to physical contact between the finger or stylus and the
touch sensitive surface.
[0072] The same concepts apply in an analogous manner to other
types of gestures. For example, a swipe gesture, a pinch gesture, a
depinch gesture, and/or a long press gesture are optionally
detected based on the satisfaction of criteria that are either
independent of intensities of contacts included in the gesture, or
do not require that contact(s) that perform the gesture reach
intensity thresholds in order to be recognized. For example, a
swipe gesture is detected based on an amount of movement of one or
more contacts; a pinch gesture is detected based on movement of two
or more contacts towards each other; a depinch gesture is detected
based on movement of two or more contacts away from each other; and
a long press gesture is detected based on a duration of the contact
on the touch-sensitive surface with less than a threshold amount of
movement. As such, the statement that particular gesture
recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the
contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the
particular gesture recognition criteria to be met means that the
particular gesture recognition criteria are capable of being
satisfied if the contact(s) in the gesture do not reach the
respective intensity threshold, and are also capable of being
satisfied in circumstances where one or more of the contacts in the
gesture do reach or exceed the respective intensity threshold. In
some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected based on a
determination that the finger-down and finger-up event are detected
within a predefined time period, without regard to whether the
contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold during
the predefined time period, and a swipe gesture is detected based
on a determination that the contact movement is greater than a
predefined magnitude, even if the contact is above the respective
intensity threshold at the end of the contact movement. Even in
implementations where detection of a gesture is influenced by the
intensity of contacts performing the gesture (e.g., the device
detects a long press more quickly when the intensity of the contact
is above an intensity threshold or delays detection of a tap input
when the intensity of the contact is higher), the detection of
those gestures does not require that the contacts reach a
particular intensity threshold so long as the criteria for
recognizing the gesture can be met in circumstances where the
contact does not reach the particular intensity threshold (e.g.,
even if the amount of time that it takes to recognize the gesture
changes).
[0073] Contact intensity thresholds, duration thresholds, and
movement thresholds are, in some circumstances, combined in a
variety of different combinations in order to create heuristics for
distinguishing two or more different gestures directed to the same
input element or region so that multiple different interactions
with the same input element are enabled to provide a richer set of
user interactions and responses. The statement that a particular
set of gesture recognition criteria do not require that the
intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold
in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met
does not preclude the concurrent evaluation of other
intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria to identify other
gestures that do have a criterion that is met when a gesture
includes a contact with an intensity above the respective intensity
threshold. For example, in some circumstances, first gesture
recognition criteria for a first gesture--which do not require that
the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity
threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be
met--are in competition with second gesture recognition criteria
for a second gesture--which are dependent on the contact(s)
reaching the respective intensity threshold. In such competitions,
the gesture is, optionally, not recognized as meeting the first
gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture if the second
gesture recognition criteria for the second gesture are met first.
For example, if a contact reaches the respective intensity
threshold before the contact moves by a predefined amount of
movement, a deep press gesture is detected rather than a swipe
gesture. Conversely, if the contact moves by the predefined amount
of movement before the contact reaches the respective intensity
threshold, a swipe gesture is detected rather than a deep press
gesture. Even in such circumstances, the first gesture recognition
criteria for the first gesture still do not require that the
intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold
in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met
because if the contact stayed below the respective intensity
threshold until an end of the gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture with a
contact that does not increase to an intensity above the respective
intensity threshold), the gesture would have been recognized by the
first gesture recognition criteria as a swipe gesture. As such,
particular gesture recognition criteria that do not require that
the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity
threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria
to be met will (A) in some circumstances ignore the intensity of
the contact with respect to the intensity threshold (e.g. for a tap
gesture) and/or (B) in some circumstances still be dependent on the
intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold in
the sense that the particular gesture recognition criteria (e.g.,
for a long press gesture) will fail if a competing set of
intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a deep
press gesture) recognize an input as corresponding to an
intensity-dependent gesture before the particular gesture
recognition criteria recognize a gesture corresponding to the input
(e.g., for a long press gesture that is competing with a deep press
gesture for recognition).
[0074] Graphics module 132 includes various known software
components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive
display system 112 or other display, including components for
changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency,
saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are
displayed. As used herein, the term "graphics" includes any object
that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text,
web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft
keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
[0075] In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data
representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally,
assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from
applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be
displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other
graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to
output to display controller 156.
[0076] Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software
components for generating instructions (e.g., instructions used by
haptic feedback controller 161) to produce tactile outputs using
tactile output generator(s) 167 at one or more locations on device
100 in response to user interactions with device 100.
[0077] Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of
graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in
various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141,
browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
[0078] GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and
provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to
telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as
picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide
location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page
widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
[0079] Applications 136 optionally include the following modules
(or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof: [0080]
contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact
list); [0081] telephone module 138; [0082] video conferencing
module 139; [0083] e-mail client module 140; [0084] instant
messaging (IM) module 141; [0085] workout support module 142;
[0086] camera module 143 for still and/or video images; [0087]
image management module 144; [0088] browser module 147; [0089]
calendar module 148; [0090] widget modules 149, which optionally
include one or more of: weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2,
calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary
widget 149-5, and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as
user-created widgets 149-6; [0091] widget creator module 150 for
making user-created widgets 149-6; [0092] search module 151; [0093]
video and music player module 152, which is, optionally, made up of
a video player module and a music player module; [0094] notes
module 153; [0095] map module 154; and/or [0096] online video
module 155.
[0097] Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally,
stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications,
other image editing applications, drawing applications,
presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption,
digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice
replication.
[0098] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, contacts module 137 includes executable
instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g.,
stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in
memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address
book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone
number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other
information with a name; associating an image with a name;
categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or
e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by
telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so
forth.
[0099] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, telephone module 138 includes executable
instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a
telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address
book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a
respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect
or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the
wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of
communications standards, protocols and technologies.
[0100] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor
controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input
module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138,
videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to
initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user
and one or more other participants in accordance with user
instructions.
[0101] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130,
graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client
module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send,
receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In
conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module
140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or
video images taken with camera module 143.
[0102] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130,
graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant
messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a
sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to
modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective
instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS)
or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based
instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification
Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to
receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In
some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages
optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files
and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an
Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, "instant
messaging" refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages
sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages
sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS).
[0103] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130,
graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map
module 154, and video and music player module 152, workout support
module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts
(e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals);
communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart
watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to
monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and
display, store and transmit workout data.
[0104] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor
controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image
management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable
instructions to capture still images or video (including a video
stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a
still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from
memory 102.
[0105] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management
module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify
(e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present
(e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or
video images.
[0106] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module
147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in
accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to,
receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as
attachments and other files linked to web pages.
[0107] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client
module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes
executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store
calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar
entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user
instructions.
[0108] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module
147, widget modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally,
downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks
widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4,
and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g.,
user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes
an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style
Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget
includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript
file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
[0109] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module
147, the widget creator module 150 includes executable instructions
to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web
page into a widget).
[0110] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes
executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image,
video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more
search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in
accordance with user instructions.
[0111] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and
browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes
executable instructions that allow the user to download and play
back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more
file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions
to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on
touch-sensitive display system 112, or on an external display
connected wirelessly or via external port 124). In some
embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an
MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
[0112] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable
instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like
in accordance with user instructions.
[0113] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135,
and browser module 147, map module 154 includes executable
instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data
associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and
other points of interest at or near a particular location; and
other location-based data) in accordance with user
instructions.
[0114] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input
module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147,
online video module 155 includes executable instructions that allow
the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or
download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen 112, or on an
external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124),
send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and
otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as
H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather
than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a
particular online video.
[0115] Each of the above identified modules and applications
correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one
or more functions described above and the methods described in this
application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other
information processing methods described herein). These modules
(i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate
software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets
of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged
in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 optionally
stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified
above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additional modules
and data structures not described above.
[0116] In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation
of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed
exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a
touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device
for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control
devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100
is, optionally, reduced.
[0117] The predefined set of functions that are performed
exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally
include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments,
the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a
main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed
on device 100. In such embodiments, a "menu button" is implemented
using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a
physical push button or other physical input control device instead
of a touchpad.
[0118] FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating example components
for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some
embodiments, memory 102 (in FIGS. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes
event sorter 170 (e.g., in operating system 126) and a respective
application 136-1 (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications
136, 137-155, 380-390).
[0119] Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines
the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1
to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170
includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some
embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state
192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on
touch-sensitive display system 112 when the application is active
or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157
is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is
(are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used
by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to
deliver event information.
[0120] In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes
additional information, such as one or more of: resume information
to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface
state information that indicates information being displayed or
that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for
enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of
application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken
by the user.
[0121] Event monitor 171 receives event information from
peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information
about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display
system 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals
interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem
106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s)
168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110).
Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O
subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display
system 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
[0122] In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the
peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response,
peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other
embodiments, peripheral interface 118 transmits event information
only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input
above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a
predetermined duration).
[0123] In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit
view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer
determination module 173.
[0124] Hit view determination module 172 provides software
procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within
one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system 112 displays
more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other
elements that a user can see on the display.
[0125] Another aspect of the user interface associated with an
application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application
views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed
and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a
respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally
correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view
hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in
which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and
the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are,
optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of
the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
[0126] Hit view determination module 172 receives information
related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application
has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination
module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the
hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances,
the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating
sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of
sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit
view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit
view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or
input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
[0127] Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines
which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a
particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active
event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the
hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In
other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173
determines that all views that include the physical location of a
sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines
that all actively involved views should receive a particular
sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch
sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one
particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain
as actively involved views.
[0128] Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information
to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments
including active event recognizer determination module 173, event
dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event
recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination
module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores
in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a
respective event receiver module 182.
[0129] In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event
sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter
170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone
module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as
contact/motion module 130.
[0130] In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality
of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each
of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur
within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each
application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more
event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191
includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other
embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a
separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a
higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods
and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event
handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object
updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from
event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls
data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update
the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of
the application views 191 includes one or more respective event
handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data
updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included
in a respective application view 191.
[0131] A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information
(e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an
event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes
event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments,
event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata
183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include
sub-event delivery instructions).
[0132] Event receiver 182 receives event information from event
sorter 170. The event information includes information about a
sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on
the sub-event, the event information also includes additional
information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event
concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also
includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments,
events include rotation of the device from one orientation to
another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape
orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes
corresponding information about the current orientation (also
called device attitude) of the device.
[0133] Event comparator 184 compares the event information to
predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the
comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or
updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments,
event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event
definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined
sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2
(187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event
187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement,
touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the
definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed
object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch
begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first
lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch
(touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase,
and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In
another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging
on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch
(or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a
movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system 112,
and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the
event also includes information for one or more associated event
handlers 190.
[0134] In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a
definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In
some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to
determine which user-interface object is associated with a
sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three
user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display
system 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display
system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine
which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the
touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a
respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result
of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be
activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event
handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the
hit test.
[0135] In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event
187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event
information until after it has been determined whether the sequence
of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's
event type.
[0136] When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the
series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event
definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an
event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which
it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In
this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active
for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an
ongoing touch-based gesture.
[0137] In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180
includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or
lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform
sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some
embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,
and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are
enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments,
metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists
that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in
the view or programmatic hierarchy.
[0138] In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180
activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or
more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some
embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event
information associated with the event to event handler 190.
Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and
deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some
embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the
recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag
catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
[0139] In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include
sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information
about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the
sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event
handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively
involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of
sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event
information and perform a predetermined process.
[0140] In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates
data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176
updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores
a video file used in video and music player module 152. In some
embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in
application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new
user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface
object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater
178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module
132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
[0141] In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has
access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater
178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and
GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective
application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments,
they are included in two or more software modules.
[0142] It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion
regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive
displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate
multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are
initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse
button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple
keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags,
scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the
device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric
inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as
inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be
recognized.
[0143] FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output
module in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,
I/O subsystem 106 (e.g., haptic feedback controller 161 (FIG. 1A)
and/or other input controller(s) 160 (FIG. 1A)) includes at least
some of the example components shown in FIG. 1C. In some
embodiments, peripherals interface 118 includes at least some of
the example components shown in FIG. 1C.
[0144] In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes
haptic feedback module 133. In some embodiments, haptic feedback
module 133 aggregates and combines tactile outputs for user
interface feedback from software applications on the electronic
device (e.g., feedback that is responsive to user inputs that
correspond to displayed user interfaces and alerts and other
notifications that indicate the performance of operations or
occurrence of events in user interfaces of the electronic device).
Haptic feedback module 133 includes one or more of: waveform module
123 (for providing waveforms used for generating tactile outputs),
mixer 125 (for mixing waveforms, such as waveforms in different
channels), compressor 127 (for reducing or compressing a dynamic
range of the waveforms), low-pass filter 129 (for filtering out
high frequency signal components in the waveforms), and thermal
controller 131 (for adjusting the waveforms in accordance with
thermal conditions). In some embodiments, haptic feedback module
133 is included in haptic feedback controller 161 (FIG. 1A). In
some embodiments, a separate unit of haptic feedback module 133 (or
a separate implementation of haptic feedback module 133) is also
included in an audio controller (e.g., audio circuitry 110, FIG.
1A) and used for generating audio signals. In some embodiments, a
single haptic feedback module 133 is used for generating audio
signals and generating waveforms for tactile outputs.
[0145] In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 also
includes trigger module 121 (e.g., a software application,
operating system, or other software module that determines a
tactile output is to be generated and initiates the process for
generating the corresponding tactile output). In some embodiments,
trigger module 121 generates trigger signals for initiating
generation of waveforms (e.g., by waveform module 123). For
example, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals based on
preset timing criteria. In some embodiments, trigger module 121
receives trigger signals from outside haptic feedback module 133
(e.g., in some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 receives
trigger signals from hardware input processing module 146 located
outside haptic feedback module 133) and relays the trigger signals
to other components within haptic feedback module 133 (e.g.,
waveform module 123) or software applications that trigger
operations (e.g., with trigger module 121) based on activation of a
user interface element (e.g., an application icon or an affordance
within an application) or a hardware input device (e.g., a home
button or an intensity-sensitive input surface, such as an
intensity-sensitive touch screen). In some embodiments, trigger
module 121 also receives tactile feedback generation instructions
(e.g., from haptic feedback module 133, FIGS. 1A and 3). In some
embodiments, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals in
response to haptic feedback module 133 (or trigger module 121 in
haptic feedback module 133) receiving tactile feedback instructions
(e.g., from haptic feedback module 133, FIGS. 1A and 3).
[0146] Waveform module 123 receives trigger signals (e.g., from
trigger module 121) as an input, and in response to receiving
trigger signals, provides waveforms for generation of one or more
tactile outputs (e.g., waveforms selected from a predefined set of
waveforms designated for use by waveform module 123, such as the
waveforms described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS.
4F-4G).
[0147] Mixer 125 receives waveforms (e.g., from waveform module
123) as an input, and mixes together the waveforms. For example,
when mixer 125 receives two or more waveforms (e.g., a first
waveform in a first channel and a second waveform that at least
partially overlaps with the first waveform in a second channel)
mixer 125 outputs a combined waveform that corresponds to a sum of
the two or more waveforms. In some embodiments, mixer 125 also
modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to
emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more
waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular
waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the
waveforms). In some circumstances, mixer 125 selects one or more
waveforms to remove from the combined waveform (e.g., the waveform
from the oldest source is dropped when there are waveforms from
more than three sources that have been requested to be output
concurrently by tactile output generator 167).
[0148] Compressor 127 receives waveforms (e.g., a combined waveform
from mixer 125) as an input, and modifies the waveforms. In some
embodiments, compressor 127 reduces the waveforms (e.g., in
accordance with physical specifications of tactile output
generators 167 (FIG. 1A) or 357 (FIG. 3)) so that tactile outputs
corresponding to the waveforms are reduced. In some embodiments,
compressor 127 limits the waveforms, such as by enforcing a
predefined maximum amplitude for the waveforms. For example,
compressor 127 reduces amplitudes of portions of waveforms that
exceed a predefined amplitude threshold while maintaining
amplitudes of portions of waveforms that do not exceed the
predefined amplitude threshold. In some embodiments, compressor 127
reduces a dynamic range of the waveforms. In some embodiments,
compressor 127 dynamically reduces the dynamic range of the
waveforms so that the combined waveforms remain within performance
specifications of the tactile output generator 167 (e.g., force
and/or moveable mass displacement limits).
[0149] Low-pass filter 129 receives waveforms (e.g., compressed
waveforms from compressor 127) as an input, and filters (e.g.,
smooths) the waveforms (e.g., removes or reduces high frequency
signal components in the waveforms). For example, in some
instances, compressor 127 includes, in compressed waveforms,
extraneous signals (e.g., high frequency signal components) that
interfere with the generation of tactile outputs and/or exceed
performance specifications of tactile output generator 167 when the
tactile outputs are generated in accordance with the compressed
waveforms. Low-pass filter 129 reduces or removes such extraneous
signals in the waveforms.
[0150] Thermal controller 131 receives waveforms (e.g., filtered
waveforms from low-pass filter 129) as an input, and adjusts the
waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions of device 100
(e.g., based on internal temperatures detected within device 100,
such as the temperature of haptic feedback controller 161, and/or
external temperatures detected by device 100). For example, in some
cases, the output of haptic feedback controller 161 varies
depending on the temperature (e.g. haptic feedback controller 161,
in response to receiving same waveforms, generates a first tactile
output when haptic feedback controller 161 is at a first
temperature and generates a second tactile output when haptic
feedback controller 161 is at a second temperature that is distinct
from the first temperature). For example, the magnitude (or the
amplitude) of the tactile outputs may vary depending on the
temperature. To reduce the effect of the temperature variations,
the waveforms are modified (e.g., an amplitude of the waveforms is
increased or decreased based on the temperature).
[0151] In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 (e.g.,
trigger module 121) is coupled to hardware input processing module
146. In some embodiments, other input controller(s) 160 in FIG. 1A
includes hardware input processing module 146. In some embodiments,
hardware input processing module 146 receives inputs from hardware
input device 145 (e.g., other input or control devices 116 in FIG.
1A, such as a home button or an intensity-sensitive input surface,
such as an intensity-sensitive touch screen). In some embodiments,
hardware input device 145 is any input device described herein,
such as touch-sensitive display system 112 (FIG. 1A),
keyboard/mouse 350 (FIG. 3), touchpad 355 (FIG. 3), one of other
input or control devices 116 (FIG. 1A), or an intensity-sensitive
home button. In some embodiments, hardware input device 145
consists of an intensity-sensitive home button, and not
touch-sensitive display system 112 (FIG. 1A), keyboard/mouse 350
(FIG. 3), or touchpad 355 (FIG. 3). In some embodiments, in
response to inputs from hardware input device 145 (e.g., an
intensity-sensitive home button or a touch screen), hardware input
processing module 146 provides one or more trigger signals to
haptic feedback module 133 to indicate that a user input satisfying
predefined input criteria, such as an input corresponding to a
"click" of a home button (e.g., a "down click" or an "up click"),
has been detected. In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133
provides waveforms that correspond to the "click" of a home button
in response to the input corresponding to the "click" of a home
button, simulating a haptic feedback of pressing a physical home
button.
[0152] In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes
haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g., haptic feedback controller
161 in FIG. 1A), which controls the generation of tactile outputs.
In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161 is coupled to a
plurality of tactile output generators, and selects one or more
tactile output generators of the plurality of tactile output
generators and sends waveforms to the selected one or more tactile
output generators for generating tactile outputs. In some
embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161 coordinates tactile
output requests that correspond to activation of hardware input
device 145 and tactile output requests that correspond to software
events (e.g., tactile output requests from haptic feedback module
133) and modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more
waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the
two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the
particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the
waveforms, such as to prioritize tactile outputs that correspond to
activations of hardware input device 145 over tactile outputs that
correspond to software events).
[0153] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1C, an output of
haptic feedback controller 161 is coupled to audio circuitry of
device 100 (e.g., audio circuitry 110, FIG. 1A), and provides audio
signals to audio circuitry of device 100. In some embodiments,
haptic feedback controller 161 provides both waveforms used for
generating tactile outputs and audio signals used for providing
audio outputs in conjunction with generation of the tactile
outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161
modifies audio signals and/or waveforms (used for generating
tactile outputs) so that the audio outputs and the tactile outputs
are synchronized (e.g., by delaying the audio signals and/or
waveforms). In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161
includes a digital-to-analog converter used for converting digital
waveforms into analog signals, which are received by amplifier 163
and/or tactile output generator 167.
[0154] In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes
amplifier 163. In some embodiments, amplifier 163 receives
waveforms (e.g., from haptic feedback controller 161) and amplifies
the waveforms prior to sending the amplified waveforms to tactile
output generator 167 (e.g., any of tactile output generators 167
(FIG. 1A) or 357 (FIG. 3)). For example, amplifier 163 amplifies
the received waveforms to signal levels that are in accordance with
physical specifications of tactile output generator 167 (e.g., to a
voltage and/or a current required by tactile output generator 167
for generating tactile outputs so that the signals sent to tactile
output generator 167 produce tactile outputs that correspond to the
waveforms received from haptic feedback controller 161) and sends
the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator 167. In
response, tactile output generator 167 generates tactile outputs
(e.g., by shifting a moveable mass back and forth in one or more
dimensions relative to a neutral position of the moveable
mass).
[0155] In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes
sensor 169, which is coupled to tactile output generator 167.
Sensor 169 detects states or state changes (e.g., mechanical
position, physical displacement, and/or movement) of tactile output
generator 167 or one or more components of tactile output generator
167 (e.g., one or more moving parts, such as a membrane, used to
generate tactile outputs). In some embodiments, sensor 169 is a
magnetic field sensor (e.g., a Hall effect sensor) or other
displacement and/or movement sensor. In some embodiments, sensor
169 provides information (e.g., a position, a displacement, and/or
a movement of one or more parts in tactile output generator 167) to
haptic feedback controller 161 and, in accordance with the
information provided by sensor 169 about the state of tactile
output generator 167, haptic feedback controller 161 adjusts the
waveforms output from haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g.,
waveforms sent to tactile output generator 167, optionally via
amplifier 163).
[0156] FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100
having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112,
FIG. 1A) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen
optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)
200. In these embodiments, as well as others described below, a
user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a
gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202
(not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not
drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of
one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the
one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally
includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right,
right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger
(from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that
has made contact with device 100. In some implementations or
circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select
the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an
application icon optionally does not select the corresponding
application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a
tap.
[0157] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical
buttons, such as "home" or menu button 204. As described
previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any
application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally
executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the
menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the
touch-screen display.
[0158] In some embodiments, device 100 includes the touch-screen
display, menu button 204 (sometimes called home button 204), push
button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device,
volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging external
port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power
on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the
button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to
lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button
before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock
the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments,
device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation
of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also,
optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for
detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive display system
112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 for generating
tactile outputs for a user of device 100.
[0159] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example multifunction device
with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with
some embodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some
embodiments, device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a
tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device,
an educational device (such as a child's learning toy), a gaming
system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial
controller). Device 300 typically includes one or more processing
units (CPU's) 310, one or more network or other communications
interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communication buses 320
for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320
optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that
interconnects and controls communications between system
components. Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330
comprising display 340, which is typically a touch-screen display.
I/O interface 330 also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse
(or other pointing device) 350 and touchpad 355, tactile output
generator 357 for generating tactile outputs on device 300 (e.g.,
similar to tactile output generator(s) 167 described above with
reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359 (e.g., optical, acceleration,
proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors
similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 described above with
reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed random access
memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid
state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory,
such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk
storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid
state storage devices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more
storage devices remotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some
embodiments, memory 370 stores programs, modules, and data
structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures
stored in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG.
1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores
additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in
memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100. For example,
memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawing module 380,
presentation module 382, word processing module 384, website
creation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheet
module 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100
(FIG. 1A) optionally does not store these modules.
[0160] Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 3 are,
optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned
memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to
a set of instructions for performing a function described above.
The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of
instructions) need not be implemented as separate software
programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these
modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in
various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370 optionally
stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified
above. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules
and data structures not described above.
[0161] Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user
interfaces ("UI") that are, optionally, implemented on portable
multifunction device 100.
[0162] FIG. 4A illustrates an example user interface for a menu of
applications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance
with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally,
implemented on device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400
includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
[0163] Signal strength indicator(s) for wireless communication(s),
such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals; [0164] Time; [0165] a Bluetooth
indicator; [0166] a Battery status indicator; [0167] Tray 408 with
icons for frequently used applications, such as: [0168] Icon 416
for telephone module 138, labeled "Phone," which optionally
includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed calls or
voicemail messages; [0169] Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140,
labeled "Mail," which optionally includes an indicator 410 of the
number of unread e-mails; [0170] Icon 420 for browser module 147,
labeled "Browser;" and [0171] Icon 422 for video and music player
module 152, labeled "Music;" and [0172] Icons for other
applications, such as: [0173] Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled
"Messages;" [0174] Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled
"Calendar;" [0175] Icon 428 for image management module 144,
labeled "Photos;" [0176] Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled
"Camera;" [0177] Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled
"Online Video;" [0178] Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled
"Stocks;" [0179] Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled "Maps;"
[0180] Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled "Weather;" [0181]
Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled "Clock;" [0182] Icon
442 for workout support module 142, labeled "Workout Support;"
[0183] Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled "Notes;" and [0184]
Icon 446 for a settings application or module, which provides
access to settings for device 100 and its various applications
136.
[0185] It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG.
4A are merely examples. For example, other labels are, optionally,
used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label
for a respective application icon includes a name of an application
corresponding to the respective application icon. In some
embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct
from a name of an application corresponding to the particular
application icon.
[0186] FIG. 4B illustrates an example user interface on a device
(e.g., device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451
(e.g., a tablet or touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the
display 450. Although many of the examples that follow will be
given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112 (where
the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some
embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface
that is separate from the display, as shown in FIG. 4B. In some
embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has
a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) that corresponds to a primary
axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display (e.g., 450). In
accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts
(e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface 451
at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display
(e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to
470). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and
movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate
the user interface on the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the
multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate
from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are,
optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein.
[0187] Additionally, while the following examples are given
primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts,
finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be
understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger
inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a
mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture
is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a
contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the
swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another
example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click
while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture
(e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to
detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are
simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple
computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and
finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
[0188] As used herein, the term "focus selector" refers to an input
element that indicates a current part of a user interface with
which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a
cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a "focus
selector," so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected
on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or
touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B) while the cursor is over a
particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider
or other user interface element), the particular user interface
element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some
implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g.,
touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or the touch screen
in FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface
elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the
touch-screen acts as a "focus selector," so that when an input
(e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the
touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface
element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface
element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in
accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus
is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of
the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or
movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a
tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another
button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in
accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the
user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the
focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface
element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled
by the user so as to communicate the user's intended interaction
with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the
element of the user interface with which the user is intending to
interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a
cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button
while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface
(e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is
intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other
user interface elements shown on a display of the device).
[0189] As used in the specification and claims, the term
"intensity" of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the
force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a
finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface,
or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact
on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a
range of values that includes at least four distinct values and
more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least
256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or
measured) using various approaches and various sensors or
combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors
underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are,
optionally, used to measure force at various points on the
touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force
measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a
weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a
contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is,
optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the
touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact
area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes
thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate
to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the
touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes
thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or
pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some
implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or
pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity
threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is
described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements).
In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact
force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure
and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an
intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity
threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure).
Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input
allows for user access to additional device functionality that may
otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size
device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g.,
on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g.,
via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a
physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).
[0190] In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of
one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation
has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has
"clicked" on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of
the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software
parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by
the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can
be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100).
For example, a mouse "click" threshold of a trackpad or
touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of
predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or
touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in some
implementations a user of the device is provided with software
settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity
thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds
and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once
with a system-level click "intensity" parameter).
[0191] As used in the specification and claims, the term
"characteristic intensity" of a contact refers to a characteristic
of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In
some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple
intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally,
based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of
intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period
(e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a
predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to
detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start
of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the
contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the
contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity
of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is,
optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the
intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the
contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top
10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at
the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the
90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value
produced by low-pass filtering the intensity of the contact over a
predefined period or starting at a predefined time, or the like. In
some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in
determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the
characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the
contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic
intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds
to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For
example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a
first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this
example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not
exceed the first intensity threshold results in a first operation,
a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first
intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity
threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a
characteristic intensity that exceeds the second intensity
threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a
comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more
intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform
one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective
option or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than
being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a
second operation.
[0192] In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified
for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For
example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe
contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end
location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of
the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic
intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a
portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe
contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end
location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be
applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to
determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For
example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more
of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular
smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an
exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these
smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the
intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a
characteristic intensity.
[0193] The user interface figures described herein optionally
include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity
of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or
more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity
threshold IT.sub.0, a light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L, a
deep press intensity threshold IT.sub.D (e.g., that is at least
initially higher than IT.sub.L), and/or one or more other intensity
thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold IT.sub.H that is lower
than IT.sub.L)). This intensity diagram is typically not part of
the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the
interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press
intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device
will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button
of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep
press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the
device will perform operations that are different from operations
typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or
a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a
characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold
(e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold
IT.sub.0 below which the contact is no longer detected), the device
will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the
contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an
operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or
the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise
stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different
sets of user interface figures.
[0194] In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs
detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact
intensity during the input. For example, for some "light press"
inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity
threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some
embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the
device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity
during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some
"deep press" inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second
intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first
intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response
only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first
intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold.
This delay time is typically less than 200 ms (milliseconds) in
duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of
the second intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as
the second intensity threshold increases). This delay time helps to
avoid accidental recognition of deep press inputs. As another
example, for some "deep press" inputs, there is a
reduced-sensitivity time period that occurs after the time at which
the first intensity threshold is met. During the
reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensity threshold is
increased. This temporary increase in the second intensity
threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep press inputs. For
other deep press inputs, the response to detection of a deep press
input does not depend on time-based criteria.
[0195] In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity
thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or
more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing,
application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number
of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g.,
ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like. Example
factors are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.
14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference
herein in their entireties.
[0196] For example, FIG. 4C illustrates a dynamic intensity
threshold 480 that changes over time based in part on the intensity
of touch input 476 over time. Dynamic intensity threshold 480 is a
sum of two components, first component 474 that decays over time
after a predefined delay time pl from when touch input 476 is
initially detected, and second component 478 that trails the
intensity of touch input 476 over time. The initial high intensity
threshold of first component 474 reduces accidental triggering of a
"deep press" response, while still allowing an immediate "deep
press" response if touch input 476 provides sufficient intensity.
Second component 478 reduces unintentional triggering of a "deep
press" response by gradual intensity fluctuations of in a touch
input. In some embodiments, when touch input 476 satisfies dynamic
intensity threshold 480 (e.g., at point 481 in FIG. 4C), the "deep
press" response is triggered.
[0197] FIG. 4D illustrates another dynamic intensity threshold 486
(e.g., intensity threshold IT.sub.D). FIG. 4D also illustrates two
other intensity thresholds: a first intensity threshold IT.sub.H
and a second intensity threshold IT.sub.L. In FIG. 4D, although
touch input 484 satisfies the first intensity threshold IT.sub.H
and the second intensity threshold IT.sub.L prior to time p2, no
response is provided until delay time p2 has elapsed at time 482.
Also in FIG. 4D, dynamic intensity threshold 486 decays over time,
with the decay starting at time 488 after a predefined delay time
p1 has elapsed from time 482 (when the response associated with the
second intensity threshold IT.sub.L was triggered). This type of
dynamic intensity threshold reduces accidental triggering of a
response associated with the dynamic intensity threshold IT.sub.D
immediately after, or concurrently with, triggering a response
associated with a lower intensity threshold, such as the first
intensity threshold IT.sub.H or the second intensity threshold
IT.sub.L.
[0198] FIG. 4E illustrate yet another dynamic intensity threshold
492 (e.g., intensity threshold IT.sub.D). In FIG. 4E, a response
associated with the intensity threshold IT.sub.L is triggered after
the delay time p2 has elapsed from when touch input 490 is
initially detected. Concurrently, dynamic intensity threshold 492
decays after the predefined delay time p1 has elapsed from when
touch input 490 is initially detected. So a decrease in intensity
of touch input 490 after triggering the response associated with
the intensity threshold IT.sub.L, followed by an increase in the
intensity of touch input 490, without releasing touch input 490,
can trigger a response associated with the intensity threshold
IT.sub.D (e.g., at time 494) even when the intensity of touch input
490 is below another intensity threshold, for example, the
intensity threshold IT.sub.L.
[0199] An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from
an intensity below the light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L to
an intensity between the light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L
and the deep press intensity threshold IT.sub.D is sometimes
referred to as a "light press" input. An increase of characteristic
intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press
intensity threshold IT.sub.D to an intensity above the deep press
intensity threshold IT.sub.D is sometimes referred to as a "deep
press" input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the
contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity
threshold IT.sub.0 to an intensity between the contact-detection
intensity threshold IT.sub.0 and the light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L is sometimes referred to as detecting the
contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic
intensity of the contact from an intensity above the
contact-detection intensity threshold IT.sub.0 to an intensity
below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT.sub.0 is
sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the
touch-surface. In some embodiments IT.sub.0 is zero. In some
embodiments, IT.sub.0 is greater than zero. In some illustrations a
shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact
on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations, a circle or
oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the
touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the
respective contact.
[0200] In some embodiments, described herein, one or more
operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that
includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the
respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a
plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is
detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in
intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a
press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the
respective operation is performed in response to detecting the
increase in intensity of the respective contact above the
press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is
performed on a "down stroke" of the respective press input). In
some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity
of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold
and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the
press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is
performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in
intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold
(e.g., the respective operation is performed on an "up stroke" of
the respective press input).
[0201] In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis
to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed "jitter," where the
device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a
predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold
(e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units
lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis
intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of
the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments,
the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective
contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent
decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity
threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold,
and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting
the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact
below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective
operation is performed on an "up stroke" of the respective press
input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected
only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the
contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity
threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity
threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of
the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity,
and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting
the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or
the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the
circumstances).
[0202] For ease of explanation, the description of operations
performed in response to a press input associated with a
press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture
including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to
detecting: an increase in intensity of a contact above the
press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a
contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold
to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a
decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input
intensity threshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact
below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the
press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an
operation is described as being performed in response to detecting
a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input
intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in
response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below
a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than,
the press-input intensity threshold. As described above, in some
embodiments, the triggering of these responses also depends on
time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delay time has elapsed
between a first intensity threshold being met and a second
intensity threshold being met).
[0203] Although only specific frequencies, amplitudes, and
waveforms are represented in the sample tactile output patterns in
FIGS. 4F-4K for illustrative purposes, tactile output patterns with
other frequencies, amplitudes, and waveforms may be used for
similar purposes. For example, waveforms that have between 0.5 to 4
cycles can be used. Other frequencies in the range of 60 Hz-400 Hz
may be used as well.
[0204] User Interfaces and Associated Processes
[0205] Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user
interfaces ("UP") and associated processes that may be implemented
on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device 100
or device 300, with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
(optionally) one or more tactile output generators for generating
tactile outputs, and (optionally) one or more sensors to detect
intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.
[0206] FIGS. 5A-5BA illustrate example user interfaces for
generating tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments. The
user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the
processes described below, including the processes in FIGS. 6A-6H
and 7A-7C. For convenience of explanation, some of the embodiments
will be discussed with reference to operations performed on a
device with a touch-sensitive display system 112. In such
embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger
or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger
or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a
point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two
or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system
112. However, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a
device with a display 450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface
451 in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive
surface 451 while displaying the user interfaces shown in the
figures on the display 450, along with a focus selector.
[0207] FIGS. 5A-5BA illustrate example user interfaces for
generating tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments.
[0208] FIG. 5A illustrates a lock screen user interface 500
displayed on touch screen 112 of device 100. In some embodiments,
lock screen 500 is displayed upon waking device 100 from a
screen-off to a screen-on state. Lock screen 500 includes a
plurality of user interface elements, including a list of
notifications 504, 506, and 508, flashlight icon 510, and camera
icon 512. Flashlight icon 510 shows a light-colored flashlight on a
darker background, corresponding to a flashlight of device 100
being in a deactivated state (e.g., turned off). Contact intensity
graph 502 indicates the intensity of contacts detected on lock
screen 500.
[0209] FIG. 5B illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5A. FIG. 5B shows contact 514 detected on touch screen 112 at
a location corresponding to flashlight icon 510. Contact intensity
graph 502 shows that the contact intensity of contact 514 is below
intensity threshold IT.sub.H. No changes to lock screen 500 are
displayed in response to detecting contact 514 with intensity below
intensity threshold IT.sub.H.
[0210] FIG. 5C illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5B. In FIG. 5C, the intensity of contact 514 has increased to
intensity threshold IT.sub.H. In accordance with contact 514 having
intensity IT.sub.H, flashlight icon 510 is displayed with a
transformation from its appearance in FIGS. 5A-5B. In particular,
flashlight icon has a darker background and is larger in scale.
[0211] FIG. 5D illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5C. In FIG. 5D, the intensity of contact 514 has increased
above intensity threshold IT.sub.H. In the example in FIG. 5D, the
degree of transformation of flashlight icon 510 is based on the
intensity of contact 514. Thus, in accordance with the increase in
the intensity of contact 514, flashlight icon 510 has an even
darker background and is even larger in scale than in FIG. 5C.
[0212] FIG. 5E illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5D. In FIG. 5E, the intensity of contact 514 has decreased
from its intensity in FIG. 5D, as shown in contact intensity graph
502. Because the degree of transformation of flashlight icon 510 is
based on the intensity of contact 514, in accordance with the
decrease in the intensity of contact 514, flashlight icon 510 has a
lighter background and is smaller in scale (e.g., the
transformation of flashlight icon 510 from FIG. 5C to 5D is
reversed as a function of intensity).
[0213] FIG. 5F illustrates an alternate transition of lock screen
500 from FIG. 5D. In FIG. 5F, the intensity of contact 514 has
increased to intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as shown in contact
intensity graph 502. In some embodiments, as in the example shown
in FIG. 5F, tactile output 518 is generated in accordance with the
intensity of contact 514 reaching intensity threshold IT.sub.L, and
the intensity of the generated tactile output increases as the
intensity of contact 514 continues to increase (e.g., approaches
intensity threshold IT.sub.D). Tactile output intensity graph 516
shows an example of how the intensity of the generated tactile
output increases as a function of contact intensity. Accordingly,
tactile output 518 is generated with tactile output intensity level
520a corresponding to contact intensity IT.sub.L.
[0214] In some embodiments, tactile output 518, and other tactile
outputs 522, 524, 528, 530, 532, 558, 570, 572, 588, 596, 589, 585
and 569 are implemented using various ones of tactile outputs types
described above with respect to FIGS. 4F-4K.
[0215] FIG. 5G illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5F. In FIG. 5G, the intensity of contact 514 has increased to
intensity threshold IT.sub.D, as shown in contact intensity graph
502. In addition, contact 514 has been detected for at least a
predefined feed-forward time period T.sub.FF (e.g., since contact
514 was detected). Tactile output 522 is generated with tactile
output intensity level 520b corresponding to a contact intensity of
IT.sub.D, as shown in tactile output intensity graph 516 (e.g., in
accordance with the intensity of contact 514 reaching intensity
threshold IT.sub.D, and optionally in accordance with contact 514
being detected for at least predefined time period T.sub.FF).
Flashlight icon 510 has a fully darkened background and is at an
even greater (e.g., maximum) scale (e.g., flashlight icon 510 is
displayed with an even greater (e.g., maximum) degree of
transformation from its appearance in FIGS. 5A-5B), in accordance
with the intensity of contact 514 reaching intensity threshold
IT.sub.D.
[0216] In some embodiments, tactile output 522 is generated (e.g.,
with tactile output intensity level 520b) in accordance with the
intensity of contact 514 reaching intensity threshold IT.sub.D, but
tactile outputs are not generated prior to the intensity of contact
514 reaching intensity threshold IT.sub.D.
[0217] FIG. 5H illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5G. In FIG. 5H, the intensity of contact 514 has increased
above intensity threshold IT.sub.D, as shown in contact intensity
graph 502. However, because flashlight icon 510 was displayed with
the maximum degree of transformation in FIG. 5G, no additional
changes in the appearance of flashlight icon 510 are displayed in
accordance with the intensity of contact 514 increasing above
intensity threshold IT.sub.D. In addition, no additional tactile
output is generated.
[0218] FIG. 51 illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5H. In FIG. 51, the intensity of contact 514 has decreased to
intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as shown in contact intensity graph
502. In addition, contact 514 has been detected for at least a
predefined activation time period T.sub.A (e.g., since contact 514
was detected). In accordance with the intensity of contact 514
decreasing to intensity threshold IT.sub.L, and optionally also in
accordance with contact 514 being detected for at least predefined
time period T.sub.A, tactile output 524 is generated, and a
flashlight of device 100 is activated (e.g., turned on), as
indicated by flashlight beams 526. In some embodiments, tactile
output 524 is not generated, and flashlight of device 100 is not
activated (e.g., turned on) until the intensity of contact 514
decreases to intensity threshold IT.sub.L. In accordance with the
activation of the flashlight, flashlight icon 510 changes from
showing a light-colored flashlight on a darker background to
showing a dark-colored flashlight on a lighter background (e.g., a
transformation of the flashlight icon 510, as shown in the
transition from FIG. 5H to FIG. 5I, which corresponds to the
flashlight of device 100 being in the activated state). The change
in flashlight icon 510 from FIG. 5H to FIG. 5I is sometimes said to
be an inversion of the background and foreground colors of the
flashlight icon.
[0219] FIG. 5J illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5I. In FIG. 5J, contact 514 has been lifted off, and the
intensity of contact 514 has decreased to zero, as shown in contact
intensity graph 502. The flashlight of device 100 is activated
(e.g., remains activated after being activated in FIG. 5I), as
indicated by flashlight beams 526. In accordance with the decrease
in intensity of contact 514, flashlight icon 510 is displayed with
a transformation from its appearance in FIG. 5J (e.g., the reverse
of the transformation of flashlight icon 510 in FIG. 5I that was
displayed in accordance with a higher contact intensity).
Flashlight icon 510 shows a dark-colored flashlight on a white
background, corresponding to the flashlight of device 100 being in
the activated state, and corresponding to contact intensities below
intensity threshold IT.sub.H or to no contact being detected.
[0220] FIG. 5K illustrates an alternate transition of lock screen
500 from FIG. 5I. In FIG. 5K, contact 514 is maintained on touch
screen 112 at the location corresponding to flashlight icon 510.
The intensity of contact 514 initially decreases below intensity
threshold IT.sub.L and then increases again to intensity threshold
IT.sub.D. In accordance with the intensity of contact 514
increasing to intensity threshold ITD, tactile output 528 is
generated. In the example shown in FIG. 5K, tactile output 528 is
different from tactile output 522 that was previously generated
(e.g., the tactile output generated for reaching intensity
threshold ITS while the flashlight is off is different from the
tactile output generated for reaching intensity threshold IT.sub.D
while the flashlight is on). Flashlight icon 510 changes to show a
dark-colored flashlight on a lighter-colored background, indicating
that the flashlight has been activated, as further indicated by
flashlight beams 526. In accordance with the intensity of contact
514 being at IT.sub.D, flashlight 510 has a maximally darkened
background and is at an even greater (e.g., maximum) scale (e.g.,
flashlight icon 510 is displayed with an even greater (e.g.,
maximum) degree of transformation from its appearance in FIGS.
5I-5J).
[0221] FIG. 5L illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5K. In FIG. 5L, contact 514 has been lifted off, and the
intensity of contact 514 has decreased to zero, as shown in contact
intensity graph 502. In accordance with the intensity of contact
514 decreasing from intensity threshold IT.sub.D in FIG. 5K to
below intensity threshold IT.sub.L in FIG. 5L, tactile output 530
is generated (e.g., tactile output 530 is the same type of tactile
output as tactile output 528, FIG. 5K). In addition, in accordance
with the intensity of contact 514 decreasing from intensity
threshold ITS in FIG. 5K to below intensity threshold IT.sub.L in
FIG. 5L, the state of the flashlight of device 100 is toggled. The
flashlight changes from being activated in FIG. 5K to being
deactivated (e.g., turned off) in FIG. 5L, as indicated by the lack
of flashlight beams. Flashlight icon 510 shows the light-colored
flashlight displayed on the darker background (e.g., as in FIG.
5A), corresponding to the flashlight being in a deactivated state
and corresponding to contact intensities below intensity threshold
IT.sub.H or to no contact being detected.
[0222] FIG. 5M illustrates an alternate transition of lock screen
500 from FIG. 5H. In FIG. 5M, contact 514 has moved away from
flashlight icon 510, to a location on touch screen 112 that does
correspond to flashlight icon 510. In accordance with the lateral
movement of contact 514 away from flashlight icon 510, tactile
output 532 is generated. The intensity of contact 514 remains above
intensity threshold IT.sub.D, as shown in contact intensity graph
502 (e.g., tactile output 532 is generated not as a result of a
decrease in contact intensity, as described above with reference to
FIGS. 5I and 5L). In some embodiments, tactile output 532 is a
cancellation tactile output that indicates that toggling the state
of the flashlight will not be performed even if the intensity of
contact 514 subsequently decreases to or below intensity threshold
IT.sub.L (e.g., as described above with reference to FIG. 5I). In
addition, in accordance with the lateral movement of contact 514
away from flashlight icon 510, the transformation of flashlight
icon 510 is reversed from the maximum degree of transformation in
FIG. 5H, with the fully darkened background and at the maximum
scale, to the light-colored flashlight displayed on the darker
background in FIG. 5M (e.g., the initial appearance of flashlight
icon 510 in FIG. 5A, corresponding to the flashlight being in a
deactivated state and corresponding to contact intensities below
intensity threshold IT.sub.H or to no contact being detected).
[0223] FIG. 5N illustrates a transition of lock screen 500 from
FIG. 5M. In FIG. 5N, contact 514 has been lifted off, and the
intensity of contact 514 has decreased to zero, as shown in contact
intensity graph 502. In accordance with the cancellation of the
toggling operation, described above with reference to FIG. 5M, the
flashlight of device 100 remains deactivated in FIG. 5N, even
though the intensity of contact 514 met other criteria for toggling
the flashlight (e.g., increasing to intensity threshold IT.sub.D
and to intensity threshold IT.sub.L). In addition, a tactile output
is not generated even though the intensity of contact 514 decreased
past intensity threshold IT.sub.L.
[0224] FIGS. 5O-5P illustrates an alternate transition of lock
screen 500 from FIG. 5A in response to a user input that includes a
contact and liftoff of the contact before a predefined time period
(e.g., a fast tap gesture). FIG. 5O shows a first portion of user
input 534 including a contact detected on touch screen 112 at a
location corresponding to flashlight icon 510 and an increase in
the intensity of the contact to intensity threshold IT.sub.D, as
shown in contact intensity graph 502. The first portion of user
input 534 (e.g., the contact) is detected for an amount of time
that is less than the predefined feed-forward time period T.sub.FF
(e.g., user input 534 does not satisfy feed-forward criteria that
include a timing requirement). In accordance with the intensity of
user input 534 increasing to intensity threshold IT.sub.D,
flashlight icon 510 is displayed with the maximum degree of
transformation (e.g., with the fully darkened background and at
maximum scale), but a tactile output is not generated, because the
first portion of user input 534 lasted (e.g., was detected) for a
period of time that was shorter than the predefined feed-forward
time period T.sub.FF.
[0225] FIG. 5P shows a second portion of user input 534 that
includes liftoff of the contact and a decrease in the intensity of
the contact to zero, as shown in contact intensity graph 502. The
total amount of time that user input 534 was detected, including
both the first and second portions, is less than the predefined
activation time period T.sub.A (e.g., user input 534 does not
satisfy activation criteria that include a timing requirement).
Although the intensity of user input 534 decreased from intensity
threshold IT.sub.D to below intensity threshold IT.sub.L, the state
of the flashlight is not toggled and a tactile output is not
generated, because user input 534 lasted for a period of time that
was shorter than the predefined activation time period T.sub.A
(and/or because the first portion of user input 534 did not last
for a period of time that was at least as long as the predefined
feed-forward time period T.sub.FF). Accordingly, the flashlight
remains deactivated. In addition, flashlight icon 510 continues to
show a light-colored flashlight on a darker background,
corresponding to the flashlight being deactivated, and, in
accordance with the intensity of user input 534 decreasing from
IT.sub.D to zero, the transformation of flashlight icon 510 is
reversed to its original appearance as shown in FIG. 5A.
[0226] With reference to FIGS. 5O-5P, for a user input that does
not satisfy the predefined activation time period T.sub.A and/or
the predefined feed-forward time period T.sub.FF, the state of the
flashlight is not toggled. However, in some embodiments, a tactile
output is still generated when the first portion of the user input
increases to intensity threshold IT.sub.D even if the first portion
of the user input does not satisfy the feed-forward time period
T.sub.FF. In some embodiments, a tactile output is still generated
when the second portion of the user input decreases to intensity
threshold IT.sub.L, even if the user input does not satisfy the
activation time period T.sub.A.
[0227] FIG. 5Q illustrates a lock screen user interface 540
displayed on touch screen 112 of device 100. Lock screen 540 is
similar to lock screen 500 (FIG. 5A), except that the list of
notifications on lock screen 540 includes an additional
notification 542. Intensity meter 544 indicates the intensity of
contacts detected on lock screen 540.
[0228] FIG. 5R illustrates a transition of lock screen 540 from
FIG. 5Q. FIG. 5R shows contact 546 detected on touch screen 112 at
a location corresponding to notification 504. Notification 504
notifies a user of device 100 of a received e-mail and includes a
preview of information in the received e-mail. Intensity meter 544
shows that the intensity of contact 546 is above zero (ITo) and
below intensity threshold IT.sub.H.
[0229] FIG. 5S illustrates a transition of lock screen 540 from
FIG. 5R. In FIG. 5S, the intensity of contact 546 has increased to
above intensity threshold IT.sub.L. Accordingly, a size of
notification 504 is increased to display additional information
associated with notification 504. In FIG. 5S, notification 504, at
increased size, displays a preview of a greater portion of the
received e-mail.
[0230] FIG. 5T illustrates an alternate transition of lock screen
540 from FIG. 5Q. FIG. 5T shows contact 548 directed to the list of
notifications on lock screen 540, and upward movement of contact
548, with contact intensity above zero and below intensity
threshold IT.sub.H (e.g., a scroll gesture).
[0231] FIG. 5U illustrates a transition of lock screen 540 from
FIG. 5T. FIG. 5U shows that, in response to the movement of contact
548, the list of notifications is scrolled in the direction of
movement of contact 548, such that notifications 504, 506, 508 and
542 move upward. In addition, in accordance with scrolling the list
of notifications on lock screen 540, flashlight icon 510 and camera
icon 512 cease to be displayed. The area in which flashlight icon
510 and camera icon 512 were previously displayed is used to
display additional notifications 550 and 552.
[0232] FIG. 5V illustrates a transition of lock screen 540 from
FIG. 5U. FIG. 5V shows that, in response to continued movement of
contact 548, the list of notifications is further scrolled. In
accordance with no additional notifications from the current day
(e.g., "Tuesday," as shown in FIGS. 5Q-5T) being available, an
indication 554 is displayed to indicate that further scrolling of
the list of notifications will result in display of notifications
from a previous day (e.g., "Yesterday").
[0233] FIG. 5W illustrates a transition of lock screen 540 from
FIG. 5V. FIG. 5W shows that, in response to continued movement of
contact 548, the list of notifications is further scrolled to
display notification 556 from the previous day (e.g., "Yesterday,"
which in this example was "Monday"). In accordance with the list of
notifications being scrolled past a threshold (e.g., to the
previous day), tactile output 558 is generated.
[0234] FIGS. 5X-5AA illustrate animation of a lock screen
background (sometimes called wallpaper) based on intensity of a
user input directed to the lock screen background. FIG. 5X
illustrates lock screen user interface 561 that includes background
560. Background 560 is an animated background (e.g., includes one
or more transformations or animations rather than being a static
image).
[0235] FIG. 5Y illustrates a transition of lock screen user
interface 561 from FIG. 5X. FIG. 5Y shows contact 562 detected at a
location on touch screen 112 corresponding to background 560.
Intensity meter 544 shows that the intensity of contact 562 is
above intensity threshold IT.sub.H and below intensity threshold
IT.sub.L. In accordance with the intensity of contact 562 being
below intensity threshold IT.sub.L, no change to background 560 is
displayed.
[0236] FIGS. 5Z-5AA illustrates transitions of background 560 from
FIG. 5Y. In FIG. 5Z, the intensity of contact 562 has increased
above intensity threshold IT.sub.L. In accordance with the
intensity of contact 562 being above intensity threshold IT.sub.L,
a first degree of transformation (e.g., an animation) of background
560 is displayed. In FIG. 5AA, the intensity of contact 562 has
further increased above intensity threshold ITS. In the example
shown in FIGS. 5Z-5AA, the degree of transformation of background
560 increases as the intensity of contact 562 increases (e.g., the
animation of background 560 is progressed forward as the intensity
of contact 562 increases). In some embodiments, the degree of
transformation (e.g., the animation) of background 560 is reversed
as the intensity of contact 562 decreases. In some embodiments,
playback of an animation of background 560 begins in accordance
with the intensity of contact 562 reaching intensity threshold
IT.sub.L. In some embodiments, playback of the animation of
background 560 continues after the intensity of contact 562 has
reached intensity threshold IT.sub.L, without regard to
subsequently detected intensities of contact 562 (e.g., even if the
intensity of contact 562 decreases below IT.sub.L, and even if
contact 562 is lifted off).
[0237] FIG. 5AB-5AD illustrates alternate transitions of lock
screen 561 from FIG. 5X. FIG. 5AB shows contact 564 detected at a
bottom edge of touch screen 112, and upward movement of contact
564, with contact intensity above zero and below intensity
threshold IT.sub.H (e.g., a swipe gesture). FIG. 5AC shows
continued upward movement of contact 564. FIG. 5AC shows that, in
response to the upward movement of contact 564 from the bottom edge
of touch screen 112, lock screen 561 is scrolled such that an upper
portion of lock screen 561 ceases to be displayed, and a remaining
lower portion of lock screen 561 is shifted upward. In addition, a
lower portion of home screen user interface 566 is displayed in the
region of the display that no longer displays lock screen 561.
[0238] FIG. 5AD shows liftoff of contact 564. In response to the
movement of contact 564 and liftoff of contact 564, lock screen 561
is dismissed, and home screen 566 is displayed on the display.
[0239] FIG. 5AE illustrates another alternate transition of lock
screen 561 from FIG. 5X. FIG. 5AE shows contact 568 detected at a
location on touch screen 112 corresponding to camera icon 512.
Intensity meter 544 shows that the intensity of contact 568 is
above zero and below intensity threshold IT.sub.H. In accordance
with the intensity of contact 568 being below intensity threshold
IT.sub.H, camera icon 512 is displayed without a transformation
from its initial appearance (e.g., the appearance of camera icon
512 is maintained).
[0240] FIG. 5AF illustrates a transition of lock screen 561 from
FIG. 5AE. In FIG. 5AF, the intensity of contact 568 has increased
above intensity threshold IT.sub.D, as shown by intensity meter
544. In accordance with the intensity of contact 568 increasing
above intensity threshold IT.sub.D (e.g., satisfying feed-forward
criteria), camera icon 512 is displayed with an even greater (e.g.,
maximum) degree of transformation (e.g., with a fully darkened
background and at an even greater (e.g., maximum) scale), and
tactile output 570 is generated.
[0241] FIG. 5AG illustrates a transition of lock screen 561 from
FIG. 5AF. In FIG. 5AG, the intensity of contact 568 has decreased
below intensity threshold IT.sub.D to just above intensity
threshold IT.sub.L (e.g., contact 568 is in the process of being
lifted off). In accordance with the decrease in intensity of
contact 568, the transformation of camera icon 512 is reversed
(e.g., with a darker background than in FIG. 5AE, but not fully
darkened as in FIG. 5AF, and at a scale greater than in FIG. 5AE,
but not at the maximum scale as in FIG. 5AF). A tactile output is
not generated, and a camera application user interface is not
displayed, because the intensity of contact 568 has not decreased
to or below intensity threshold IT.sub.L (e.g., contact 568 has not
satisfied activation criteria, for example for activating the
camera).
[0242] FIG. 5AH illustrates a transition of lock screen 561 from
FIG. 5AG. In FIG. 5AH, contact 568 has been lifted off. In
accordance with the intensity of contact 568 decreasing from its
intensity shown in FIG. 5AG to below intensity threshold IT.sub.L,
tactile output 572 is generated. In addition, in accordance with
the intensity of contact 568 decreasing below intensity threshold
IT.sub.L, camera application user interface 574 is displayed (e.g.,
the function associated with camera icon 512, displaying the camera
application user interface, is performed). Camera interface 574
includes capture affordance 576 (e.g., for capturing media such as
images or video), mode indicator 577 (e.g., for indicating a
current media capture mode of the camera interface), live view area
578 (e.g., displaying a preview of media to be captured), image
well 580 (e.g., displaying a preview image representing a
most-recently captured image or video), filter icon 582 (e.g., for
changing a camera filter), and live photo indicator 584 (e.g., for
indicating whether or not the camera application is in a live photo
capture mode, in which capturing media includes capturing a
sequence of images with audio).
[0243] FIGS. 5AI-5AJ illustrate a transition of camera interface
574 from FIG. 5AH. FIG. 5AI shows contact 586 detected at a
location on touch screen 112 corresponding to capture affordance
576, and FIG. 5AJ shows liftoff of contact 586 (e.g., contact 586
is a tap gesture). In FIG. 5AJ, in response to activation of
capture affordance 576, an image is captured of the view displayed
in live view area 578, and a preview of the captured image is
displayed in image well 580. In response to activation of capture
affordance 576, and in accordance with a determination that camera
interface 574 is in a media capture mode in which capturing media
includes capturing images without audio, tactile output 588 is
generated (e.g., in accordance with mode indicator 577 indicating
that camera interface 574 is in a photo capture mode in which
capturing media includes capturing still images, and in accordance
with live photo indicator 584 indicating that the live photo
capture mode is deactivated).
[0244] FIG. 5AK illustrates repeated generation of tactile outputs
in accordance with sustained (or alternatively, repeated)
activation of capture affordance 576 in FIG. 5AI. In particular,
FIG. 5AK illustrates generation of tactile outputs corresponding to
contact 586 being maintained on capture affordance 576 with input
intensity above intensity threshold IT.sub.H, as indicated in input
intensity graph 590. In accordance with continued activation of
capture affordance 576, a plurality of images are captured (e.g.,
in a burst mode of operation of the still image capture mode) at
times t.sub.0, t.sub.1, t.sub.2, t.sub.3, t.sub.4, t.sub.5,
t.sub.6, and t.sub.7, as indicated in graph 591. In some
embodiments, a plurality of tactile outputs corresponding to the
plurality of images captured in burst mode are generated.
[0245] In some embodiments, a minimum time interval TI.sub.B is
enforced between generation of sequential tactile outputs, such
that if a tactile output is generated at time T, no tactile output
is generated at any time between time T and time T+TI.sub.B. For
example, synchronous tactile output graph 592 shows that, in some
embodiments in which tactile outputs are generated synchronously
with capturing images, a first tactile output, corresponding to the
image captured at time to, is generated. Generation of a second
tactile output, corresponding to the image captured at time ti, is
forgone, because the second tactile output would be generated
during the time interval TIB since the first tactile output was
generated. A third tactile output, corresponding to the image
captured at time t2, is generated, because the third tactile output
is generated after the time interval TIB since the first tactile
output was generated. Similarly, generation of tactile outputs
corresponding to images captured at times t.sub.3, t.sub.5, and
t.sub.7, is forgone, while tactile outputs corresponding to images
captured at times t.sub.4 and t.sub.6 are generated.
[0246] In another example, asynchronous tactile output graph 593
shows that, in some embodiments in which tactile outputs are
generated asynchronously with capturing images, after the first
tactile output, corresponding to the image captured at time
t.sub.0, is generated, additional tactile outputs are repeatedly
generated at time intervals equal to TI.sub.B, while the input
intensity remains above intensity threshold IT.sub.H, and without
regard to times t.sub.1, t.sub.2, t.sub.3, t.sub.4, t.sub.5,
t.sub.6, and t.sub.7 at which the additional images were
captured.
[0247] FIG. 5AL illustrates a transition of camera interface 574
from FIG. 5AJ. FIG. 5AL shows user input 594, which includes two
contacts moving away from each other (e.g., a de-pinch gesture),
corresponding to a request to zoom (e.g., change a zoom scale of)
the view displayed in live view area 578, while camera interface
574 is in a still image capture mode (e.g., a photo capture mode
with live photo capture mode deactivated). In response to detecting
user input 594, zoom scale bar 595 is displayed, indicating that
the current zoom scale of live view area 578 is a minimum zoom
scale.
[0248] FIG. 5AM illustrates a transition of camera interface 574
from FIG. 5AL. FIG. 5AM shows liftoff of user input 594 after the
two contacts have moved away from each other. In response to the
movement of the contacts of user input 594, the view displayed in
live view area 578 is zoomed to an even greater (e.g., maximum)
zoom scale. In accordance with the current zoom scale of live view
area 578 reaching the maximum zoom scale, tactile output 596 is
generated.
[0249] FIGS. 5AN-5AO illustrate camera interface 574 and are
similar to FIGS. 5AI-5AJ, except that in FIGS. 5AN-5AO, live photo
indicator 584 indicates that the live photo capture mode of camera
interface 574 is activated. While camera interface 574 is in live
photo capture mode, in accordance with activation of capture
affordance 576 by contact 597 (FIG. 5AN) and liftoff of contact 597
(FIG. 5AO) (e.g., contact 597 is a tap gesture) a live photo is
captured, where the live photo includes a sequence of images and
corresponding recorded audio. A preview image representing the
captured live photo is displayed in image well 580. In accordance
with a determination that capture affordance 576 was activated
while camera interface 574 was in the live photo capture mode
(e.g., in which capturing the live photo included capturing the
sequence of images and corresponding recorded audio), a tactile
output is not generated in response to activation of capture
affordance 576 (e.g., in contrast to FIGS. 5AI-5AJ, where a tactile
output was generated in accordance with camera interface 574 being
in a still image capture mode in which corresponding audio was not
recorded).
[0250] FIGS. 5AP-5AS illustrate changing a camera filter in camera
interface 574 while the live photo capture mode of camera interface
574 is activated. FIG. 5AP shows contact 598 detected at a location
on touch screen 112 corresponding to filter icon 582. In FIG. 5AQ,
in response to liftoff of contact 598, a scrollable filter
selection menu is displayed. The filter selection menu includes a
plurality of filter options, including currently-selected filter
583-1, and filter 583-2. The filter selection menu displays each of
the plurality of filters as an image showing a preview of the
respective filter as applied to the view displayed in live view
area 578. FIG. 5AR shows a contact 599 detected at a location on
touch screen 112 corresponding to filter 583-1, and movement of the
contact toward the left. In FIG. 5AS, in response to liftoff of
contact 599, the filter selection menu is scrolled such that filter
583-2 is selected as the current filter. In accordance with filter
583-2 becoming the currently-selected filter, live view area 578 is
displayed with filter 583-2 applied. In accordance with the
currently-selected filter being changed (e.g., from filter 583-1 to
filter 583-2), tactile output 589 is generated (e.g., even though
the live photo capture mode of camera interface 574 is activated).
In some embodiments, the same (or an instance of the same) tactile
output would be generated in response to changing filters while the
camera interface 574 is in a still photo capture mode. In some
embodiments, the tactile output is generated when changing filters
even while capturing media that includes corresponding recorded
audio.
[0251] FIGS. 5AT-5AU illustrate an alternate transition of camera
interface 574 from FIG. 5AH. FIG. 5AT shows contact 587 detected at
a location on touch screen 112 corresponding to live view area 578,
and movement of contact 587 toward the right. In FIG. 5AU, in
response to liftoff of contact 587, camera interface 574 changes
from a photo capture mode, as indicated by mode indicator 577 in
FIG. 5AT, to a video capture mode, as indicated by mode indicator
577 in FIG. 5AU. In accordance with changing capture modes, tactile
output 585 is generated.
[0252] FIGS. 5AV-5BA illustrate transitions of camera interface 574
from FIG. 5AU, while camera interface 574 is in the video capture
mode. While in the video capture mode, capture affordance 576 of
camera interface 574 is used to start and stop video recording.
Timer 573 indicates a current length of a video being recorded, and
alternatively displays "00:00:00" when video is not being recorded.
FIG. 5AV shows contact 581 detected at a location on touch screen
112 corresponding to capture affordance 576. In FIG. 5AW, in
response to liftoff of contact 581, camera interface 574 indicates
that device 100 has begun recording video (e.g., with corresponding
audio) by a change in visual appearance of capture affordance 576
(e.g., changing capture affordance 576 from a "record" icon to a
"stop recording" icon). Timer 573 indicates that the video being
recorded has a current length of "00:00:01." In addition, a second
capture affordance 579 is displayed to the left of capture
affordance 576. Capture affordance 579 is used to capture still
images while continuing to record video and corresponding
audio.
[0253] FIGS. 5AX-5AY illustrate activation of still image capture
affordance 579 (the second capture affordance) while recording
video and audio (e.g., timer 573 indicates that video recording
continues, and that the video being recorded has a current length
of "00:00:03"). FIG. 5AX shows contact 575 at a location on touch
screen 112 corresponding to still image capture affordance 579. In
FIG. 5AY, in response to liftoff of contact 575, a still image is
captured (not shown in FIG. 5AY). However, in accordance with a
determination that camera interface 574 is in the video capture
mode, and while video that includes audio is being recorded, a
tactile output is not generated in response to detecting the
activation of capture affordance 579.
[0254] FIGS. 5AZ-5BA illustrate changing a zoom scale of the view
displayed in live view area 578 while recording video and audio
(e.g., timer 573 indicates that video recording continues, and that
the video being recorded has a current length of "00:00:05"). FIG.
5AZ shows user input 571 that includes two contacts moving away
from each other (e.g., a de-pinch gesture), corresponding to a
request to zoom the view displayed in live view area 578. In
response to detecting user input 571, zoom scale bar 595 is
displayed, indicating that the current zoom scale of live view area
578 is a minimum zoom scale. FIG. 5BA shows liftoff of user input
571 after the two contacts have moved away from each other. In
response to the movement of the contacts of user input 571, the
view displayed in live view area 578 is zoomed to an even greater
(e.g., maximum) zoom scale. In accordance with the current zoom
scale of live view area 578 reaching the maximum zoom scale,
tactile output 569 is generated, even though video and audio are
being recorded.
Lock Screen UI with Intensity-Based Activation Criteria and Tactile
Feedback
[0255] FIGS. 6A-6H are flow diagrams illustrating method 600 of
facilitating access to features of a device that are available
while the device is operating in a locked mode of operation, while
providing activation criteria that avoid accidental activation of
those features, for example while the device is in a user's pocket,
or is being picked up, put down, placed in a pocket or other
container, or removed from a pocket of other container, in
accordance with some embodiments. Method 600 is performed at an
electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable
multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, a
touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect
intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In some
embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the
touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In
some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive
surface. Some operations in method 600 are, optionally, combined
and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
[0256] As described below, method 600 provides an intuitive way to
access features that user's commonly want to remain available even
while a device is operating in a locked mode of operation. The
method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from
a user when activating a locked-mode device feature, thereby
creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For
battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to activate
locked-mode device features, while preventing accidental activation
of such features conserves power and increases the time between
battery charges, without unduly burdening the user of the
device.
[0257] Method 600, which is performed at (and thus performed by) an
electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and
one or more tactile output generators (602), includes displaying
(604), on the display, a user interface that includes a respective
user interface element, wherein the respective user interface
element is associated with (e.g., corresponds to) a respective
operation. For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, the user interface
element is a flashlight icon 510, or a camera application icon 512.
The flashlight icon 510 is associated with an on/off operation, for
toggling on/off a flashlight of the device. The camera icon 512 is
associated with the operation of displaying a camera application
user interface.
[0258] Method 600 further includes detecting (606), on the
touch-sensitive surface, a user input directed to the respective
user interface element, including detecting a contact at a location
that corresponds to the respective user interface element and
detecting a first portion of the user input that includes an
increase in intensity of the contact followed by a second portion
of the user input that includes a decrease in intensity of the
contact. For example, the user input can be touch input 514,
discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5B-5N, touch input 534,
discussed above with reference to FIGS. 50-5P, and touch inputs 546
and 548, discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5R-5W, or touch
inputs 562, 564 and 568, discussed above with reference to FIGS.
5Y-5AH.
[0259] Method 600 further includes, in response to detecting the
user input (608), displaying (610) a transformation of the
respective user interface element, wherein a degree of the
transformation is determined based on an intensity of the user
input (e.g., increasing a size, or scale, of the respective user
interface element from its initial size or scale, opacity,
brightness and/or changing one or more colors of the respective
user interface element from its initial color(s). In some
embodiments, the transformation in visual appearance of a
respective user interface element progresses as a function of
detected intensity of the user input corresponding to (directed to)
the respective user interface element. Examples of such
transformations are discussed above with reference to flashlight
icon in FIGS. 5B-5P, camera icon in FIGS. 5AE-5AG, and lock screen
background 560 in FIGS. 5Y-5AA.
[0260] Method 600 further includes, in accordance with a
determination (612) that the first portion of the user input
satisfies feed-forward criteria, wherein the feed-forward criteria
include a requirement that a characteristic intensity of the
contact increase above a feed-forward intensity threshold (e.g.,
increases above a predefined intensity threshold, such as deep
press threshold ITS, as shown in FIG. 5H) in order for the
feed-forward criteria to be met, generating a first tactile output
without performing the respective operation. As discussed above
with reference to FIGS. 5A-5I, in some embodiments, an initial
increase the characteristic intensity of the contact above a
feed-forward intensity threshold causes a tactile output to be
generated, to let the user know that a first criterion for
activating the device's flashlight has been met. However, the state
of the flashlight is not toggled in response to this condition, as
the user can still cancel or stop short of activating the
flashlight state toggle operation. By providing a pre-operation
notification, in the form of a tactile output, efficient use of the
device is improved by forewarning the user that a respective
operation is about to be initiated, which helps users avoid
accidental or unintended initiation or performance of the
respective operation.
[0261] Method 600 further includes, in accordance with a
determination (620) that the second portion of the user input
satisfies activation criteria, wherein the activation criteria
include a requirement that the characteristic intensity of the
contact decrease below an activation intensity threshold:
generating (622) a second tactile output, and performing (624), at
the device, the respective operation associated with the respective
user interface element (e.g., activating/deactivating a function
associated with the respective user interface element, such as
toggling a flashlight on or off (see above discussion of FIGS.
5H-5I), or displaying a camera user interface (see above discussion
of FIGS. 5AG-5AH)). In some embodiments, the transformation of the
respective user interface element includes a further transformation
in its visual appearance, such as inverting background and
foreground colors of a flashlight icon when toggling the flashlight
on or off, as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5H-5I. By
providing both a pre-operation notification and an activation
notification, in the form of two tactile outputs, efficient use of
the device is improved by letting the user know the current state
of the user's input, which helps users not only avoid accidental or
unintended activation or performance of the respective operation,
but also helps the user know that an input intended to cause
initiate or perform the respective operation was successful, and
thereby enables the user to move on to another task with confidence
that the respective operation has been initiated or performed.
[0262] In some embodiments, the activation intensity threshold is a
first intensity threshold, such as deep press threshold IT.sub.D,
or a second intensity threshold that is lower than the first
intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the activation intensity
threshold is selected to be a predetermined amount less than the
first intensity threshold or a predetermined amount less than a
peak intensity of the contact during the user input.
[0263] In some embodiments, the first tactile output and the second
tactile output are distinct instances of the same tactile output.
For example, the first tactile output and the second tactile output
have the same tactile output pattern, the same amplitude, and the
same duration. In some embodiments, the first tactile output and
the second tactile output are different tactile outputs. For
example, the first tactile output and the second tactile output
differ by one or more of: tactile output pattern, amplitude, and
duration.
[0264] Method 600 further includes, in accordance with a
determination (626) that the characteristic intensity of the
contact does not satisfy the feed-forward intensity threshold
during the user input (e.g., the detected intensity of the user
input remains below the intensity threshold, for example during a
tap or a long press user input): forgoing (628) generating the
first tactile output and the second tactile output, and forgoing
(630) performing the respective operation associated with the
respective user interface element. Forgoing generation of the first
tactile output and the second tactile output in the recited
circumstance in conjunction with generation of those tactile
outputs in other circumstances, as described above, promotes
efficient use of the device by letting the user know, via the
generation or absence of tactile outputs, when the user's input has
not satisfied the criteria (e.g., the feed-forward intensity
threshold) for causing cause initiation or performance of the
respective operation.
[0265] In some embodiments, the activation criteria further include
(634) a requirement that the contact remain on the touch-sensitive
surface for at least a predefined threshold amount of time in order
for the activation criteria to be met (e.g., a predefined amount of
time since the contact was detected). See above discussion of
predefined time period T.sub.A with respect to FIG. 5I. This time
duration requirement helps prevent inadvertent activation of an
icon of a device's lock screen, thereby avoiding spending battery
power on operations not requested by the user, which improves
device efficiency and extents battery life of the device.
[0266] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that
the first portion of the user input satisfies the feed-forward
intensity threshold requirement, the first tactile output is
generated, and in accordance with a determination that the second
portion of the user input satisfies the activation intensity
threshold requirement, the second tactile output is generated,
without regard to whether the activation time duration requirement
is met. More generally, the first and second tactile outputs are
generated based on intensity of the contact without regard to
whether the operation is performed.
[0267] In some embodiments, generation of the first and/or second
tactile outputs also requires that the contact remain on the
touch-sensitive surface for at least the predefined threshold
amount of time (e.g., the feed-forward criteria and the activation
criteria both include a time duration requirement, as discussed
above with reference to FIGS. 5G-5I). More generally, the first
and/or second tactile outputs are not generated for a user input
that does not satisfy the requirement that the contact remain on
the touch-sensitive surface for at least the predefined threshold
amount of time (e.g., the first and/or second tactile outputs are
not generated for a fast tap input even if the fast tap input meets
the intensity criteria for generating the tactile outputs).
[0268] In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed
(632) while continuing to detect the contact on the touch-sensitive
surface, and, after performing the respective operation, the
transformation of the respective user interface element continues
to be displayed as the intensity of the contact decreases. An
example of this is discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5I-5L.
By continuing to transform the user interface element as the
intensity of the contact decreases, the user receives visual
confirmation that the device is response to the intensity of the
user's touch input, which helps the user to more accurately provide
inputs that reflect the user's intent, which in turn makes use of
the device more efficient in terms of both time and battery
usage.
[0269] In some embodiments of method 600, the user interface that
includes (635) the respective user interface element is displayed
in accordance with a determination that the device is in a locked
state. For example, in some embodiments, the user interface (e.g.,
a wake screen interface) is displayed in response to waking the
device from a screen-off state to a screen-on state.
[0270] In some embodiments of method 600, the electronic device
includes (636) a flashlight (e.g., a light on the device that
serves as a flashlight, such as a light optionally used as a camera
flash), and the respective user interface element is a flashlight
icon for controlling a state (e.g., an on-off state) of the
flashlight. Such embodiments are discussed above with reference to
FIGS. 5A-5P.
[0271] In some embodiments of method 600, the electronic device
includes (638) a camera, and the respective user interface element
is a camera application icon for displaying a camera application
user interface for the camera. Such embodiments are discussed above
with reference to FIGS. 5AH-5BA.
[0272] In some embodiments of method 600, displaying the
transformation of the respective user interface element includes
(640) displaying a first transformation of the respective user
interface element as the intensity of the user input increases, and
reversing the first transformation as the intensity of the user
input decreases. Such embodiments are discussed above with
reference to flashlight icon 510 (e.g., FIGS. 5A-5P), camera icon
512 (FIGS. 5AE-5AH), and the lock screen background 560 (FIGS.
5Z-5AA).
[0273] In some embodiments of method 600, the degree of the
transformation of the respective user interface element increases
as the intensity of the input increases and decreases as the
intensity of the input decreases (e.g., a higher characteristic
intensity causes a greater change to the respective user interface
element). Such embodiments are discussed above with reference to
flashlight icon 510 (e.g., FIGS. 5A-5P), camera icon 512 (FIGS.
5AE-5AH), and the lock screen background 560 (FIGS. 5Z-5AA).
[0274] In some embodiments of method 600, the degree of the
displaying the transformation of the respective user interface
element starts (644) when the detected intensity of the user input
satisfies (e.g., is above) a second intensity threshold (e.g., hint
threshold IT.sub.H) that is below the feed-forward intensity
threshold (e.g., deep press threshold IT.sub.D).
[0275] In some embodiments of method 600, the feed-forward criteria
(see operation 612) further include (650) a requirement that the
contact remain at the location that corresponds to the respective
user interface element (e.g., a requirement that contact 514 remain
at the location of flashlight icon 510, FIGS. 5B-5H) during the
first portion of the input in order for the feed-forward criteria
to be met.
[0276] In some embodiments of method 600, the feed-forward criteria
further include (652) a requirement that the contact remain on the
touch-sensitive surface for at least a predefined threshold amount
of time in order for the feed-forward criteria to be met. For
example, the amount of time the contact remains on the
touch-sensitive surface would be measured starting when the contact
is first detected, and would need to continue for at least the
predefined amount of time (e.g., the activation time, T.sub.A,
shown in FIG. 5P). In some embodiments, the requirement that the
contact remain on the touch-sensitive surface for at least the
predefined threshold amount of time distinguishes the user input
from a tap gesture, an example of which is shown in FIGS.
5O-5P.
[0277] In some embodiments of method 600, the first tactile output
includes (654) a sequence of tactile output components that change
as the intensity of the contact increases (e.g., the amplitude,
frequency and/or temporal spacing between sequential tactile output
components increases or decreases as the intensity of the contact
increases).
[0278] In some embodiments, method 600 includes, in accordance with
a determination (656) that, after meeting the feed-forward
criteria, the user input meets cancellation criteria, wherein the
cancellation criteria include a requirement that the contact move
more than a threshold distance from the respective activatable user
interface object: reversing the transformation of the respective
user interface object; forgoing performing the respective
operation; and generating a cancellation tactile output. In some
embodiments, the cancellation tactile output is the same as the
second tactile output. An example of such an input that meets such
cancellation criteria is discussed above with reference to FIGS.
5M-5N.
[0279] In some embodiments method 600 includes repeated activation
of the user interface object in response to repetition of the
activation gesture (e.g., toggling the state of the device's
flashlight, again) with the same input continuing to be detected on
the touch-sensitive surface, and example of which is shown in FIGS.
5I-5L. More specifically, in some embodiments, method 600 includes,
continuing to detect (660), on the touch-sensitive surface, the
user input directed to the respective user interface element,
including detecting a third portion of the user input that includes
a second increase in intensity of the contact followed by a fourth
portion of the user input that includes a second decrease in
intensity of the contact, wherein the third portion of the user
input follows the second portion of the user input. In such
embodiments, method 600 further includes, in response to detecting
the user input (661): displaying (662) a second transformation of
the respective user interface element, wherein a degree of the
second transformation is determined based on the intensity of the
user input; and in accordance with a determination that the third
portion of the user input satisfies the feed-forward criteria,
generating (663) the first tactile output (or an instance of the
first tactile output) without performing the respective operation
(e.g., toggling the state of the flashlight).
[0280] Such embodiments of method 600 further includes, in
accordance with a determination (664) that the fourth portion of
the user input satisfies the activation criteria: generating (665)
the second tactile output (or an instance of the second tactile
output), and performing (666), at the device, the respective
operation associated with the respective user interface element
(e.g., toggling the state of the flashlight). In some embodiments,
the transformation of the respective user interface element
includes a further transformation in its visual appearance (e.g., a
change in the colors of the flashlight icon when toggling the
flashlight on or off). In some embodiments, performing the
respective operation, such as toggling a state of a flashlight,
includes performing a different sub-operation such as toggling a
flashlight that was turned on by the user input from on to off, or
toggling a flashlight that was turned off by the user input from
off to on.
[0281] In some embodiments of method 600, the user interface is a
first user interface (667), and method 600 includes detecting (668)
a second user input (e.g., a press of a home button, or an upward
swipe gesture starting from an edge of the device, and example of
which is discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5AB-5AD)
corresponding to a request to display a second user interface
distinct from the first user interface (e.g., a home screen); and
in response to detecting the second user input, displaying the
second user interface. In some embodiments, the second user
interface (e.g., a home screen interface) is displayed in
accordance with a determination that the device is in an
authenticated and unlocked state.
[0282] In some embodiments, method 600 is repeated in response to a
second user input on a second user interface element (e.g., a
camera icon) associated with a second respective operation (e.g.,
displaying a camera application user interface), as discussed above
with reference to FIGS. 5AE-5AH. More specifically, in some
embodiments of method 600, the user interface includes (670) a
second respective user interface element (e.g., a camera
application icon) associated with (e.g., corresponds to) a second
respective operation (e.g., displaying a camera application user
interface), and the method includes detecting (671), on the
touch-sensitive surface, a second user input (e.g., user input 568,
FIGS. 5AE-5AG) directed to the second respective user interface
element (e.g., camera icon 512, FIGS. 5AE-5AG), including detecting
a second contact at a location that corresponds to the second
respective user interface element and detecting a first portion of
the second user input that includes an increase in intensity of the
second contact followed by a second portion of the second user
input that includes a decrease in intensity of the second
contact.
[0283] In such embodiments, method 600 further includes, in
response to detecting (672) the second user input: displaying (673)
a transformation of the second respective user interface element,
wherein a degree of the of the second respective user interface
element transformation is determined based on an intensity of the
second user input (e.g., increasing a size, or scale, of the second
respective user interface element from its initial size or scale,
opacity, brightness and/or changing one or more colors of the
respective user interface element from its initial color(s)), and
in accordance with a determination that the first portion of the
second user input satisfies the feed-forward criteria, generating
(674) a third tactile output without performing the second
respective operation. In some embodiments, the transformation in
visual appearance of the second respective user interface element
progresses as a function of detected intensity of the second user
input corresponding to (directed to) the second respective user
interface element.
[0284] In such embodiments, method 600 further includes, in
accordance with a determination (675) that the second portion of
the second user input satisfies the activation criteria: generating
(676) a fourth tactile output, and performing (678), at the device,
the second respective operation associated with the second
respective user interface element (e.g., activating/deactivating a
function associated with the respective user interface element,
such as displaying a camera user interface). In some embodiments,
the transformation of the respective user interface element
includes a further transformation in its visual appearance (e.g.,
inverting or changing the colors of a flashlight icon when toggling
the flashlight on or off). In some embodiments, the third tactile
output and the fourth tactile output are distinct instances of the
same tactile output. For example, the third tactile output and the
fourth tactile output have the same tactile output pattern, the
same amplitude, and the same duration. In some embodiments, the
third tactile output and the fourth tactile output are different
tactile outputs. For example, the third tactile output and the
fourth tactile output differ by one or more of: tactile output
pattern, amplitude, and duration.
[0285] Finally, in such embodiments, method 600 includes, in
accordance with a determination (678) that a characteristic
intensity of the second contact does not satisfy the feed-forward
intensity threshold during the second user input (e.g., the
detected intensity of the user input remains below the intensity
threshold, such a light-intensity tap or long press): forgoing
(679) generating the third tactile output and the fourth tactile
output, and forgoing (680) performing the second respective
operation associated with the second respective user interface
element.
[0286] In some embodiments, method 600 includes, in accordance with
a determination (681) that the respective operation associated with
the respective user interface element includes activating a
function associated with the respective user interface element
(e.g., toggling a state of a device setting, such as from a first
state to a second state, such as turning a flashlight on), the
first tactile output and/or the second tactile output are instances
of a first reference tactile output. Furthermore, in such
embodiments, method 600 includes, in accordance with a
determination (682) that the respective operation includes
deactivating the function associated with the respective user
interface element (e.g., toggling a state of a device setting, such
as from the second state to the first state, such as turning the
flashlight off), the first tactile output and/or the second tactile
output are instances of a second reference tactile output that is
distinct from the first reference tactile output. For example, one
or more of the tactile outputs generated when activating a function
are different from one or more of the corresponding tactile outputs
when deactivating the function.
[0287] In some embodiments of method 600, the user interface
includes (683) a third respective user interface element (e.g., a
notification element, such as element 504 in FIGS. 5R and 5S), and
method 600 includes: detecting (684) a third user input directed to
the third user interface element, and in response to detecting the
third user input, displaying a transformation of the third user
interface element, including increasing a size of the third user
interface element (e.g., as shown in the transition from FIG. 5R to
FIG. 5S). In some embodiments, the transformation in visual
appearance of a respective user interface element progresses as a
function of detected intensity of the user input corresponding to
(directed to) the respective user interface element (e.g., the size
of the object increases from an initial size as intensity increases
and decreases as intensity decreases, optionally between a minimum
size corresponding to the initial size of the object and a
predefined maximum size. In some embodiments, as the intensity of
the input increases, the background of the user interface is
progressively obscured (e.g., blurred with a blur radius that
increases as the intensity of the input increases). In some
embodiments, when the input meets preview display criteria for the
third user interface object, the third user interface object is
replaced with an expanded preview of content corresponding to the
third user interface object.
[0288] In some embodiments of method 600, the user interface
includes (686) a plurality of user interface elements, other than
the respective user interface element (e.g., the plurality of user
interface elements are notifications, such as missed notifications,
as shown in FIG. 5T), in a scrolling list, and method 600 includes:
detecting (688) a fourth user input (e.g., user input 548, FIGS.
5T-5W) corresponding to a request to scroll the plurality of user
interface elements in the scrolling list (e.g., to scroll a list of
received notifications to display additional notifications not
currently displayed); and in response to detecting the fourth user
input: scrolling the plurality of user interface elements in the
scrolling list; and ceasing to display the respective user
interface element associated with the respective operation. In some
embodiments, method 600 includes ceasing to display a plurality of
respective user interface elements associated with respective
operations (e.g., multiple buttons), an example of which is shown
in the transition from FIG. 5T to FIG. 5U. In some embodiments, an
example of which is shown in FIG. 5U, a region of the user
interface where one or more respective user interface elements were
displayed is used instead to display additional content of the
scrolling list (e.g., a portion of the scrolling list that was not
previously displayed). For example, the user interface (e.g., see
FIG. 5T) includes a list of (missed) notifications and one or more
buttons (e.g., a flashlight icon, or a camera application icon),
and, when scrolling the list of (missed) notifications, the buttons
disappear and the region of the user interface where the buttons
were displayed is used to display one or more additional
notifications (or additional portions of notifications) that were
not previously displayed (e.g., see FIG. 5U).
[0289] In some embodiments of method 600, the user interface
includes (690) a plurality of user interface elements, other than
the respective user interface element (e.g., the plurality of user
interface elements are notifications, such as missed notifications,
as shown in FIG. 5T), in a scrolling list, and method 600 includes:
detecting (692) detecting a fifth user input (e.g., user input 548,
FIGS. 5T-5W) corresponding to a request to scroll the plurality of
user interface elements in the scrolling list (e.g., to scroll a
list of notifications to display additional notifications not
currently displayed); and in response to detecting the fifth user
input: scrolling the plurality of user interface elements in the
scrolling list, and in accordance with a determination that the
scrolling list has reached a predefined threshold position,
generating a third tactile output (e.g., see FIG. 5W and above
discussion of FIG. 5W). For example, the third tactile output is
generated in conjunction with scrolling a list of notifications
past a threshold position in the scrolling list such that one or
more notifications from a prior time period (e.g., a prior day) are
displayed, where no notifications from the prior time period were
displayed prior to the scrolling list reaching the predefined
threshold position (e.g., a boundary between days).
[0290] In some embodiments of method 600, the user interface
includes (694) a background (e.g., wallpaper), and method 600
includes: detecting (696) a sixth user input (e.g., user input 562,
FIGS. 5Y-5AA) directed to the background of the user interface,
including detecting a contact at a location that corresponds to the
background and detecting change in intensity of the contact. Such
embodiments of method 600 further include, in response to detecting
the sixth user input: in accordance with a determination that a
characteristic intensity of the contact reached a
background-animation intensity threshold, displaying an animation
of the background (e.g., for live wallpaper, as discussed above
with reference to FIGS. 5Y-5Z); and in accordance with a
determination that a characteristic intensity of the contact did
not reach the background-animation intensity threshold, forgoing
displaying the animation of the background. In some embodiments,
the animation of the background progresses based on an intensity of
the sixth user input (e.g., the contact of the sixth user input).
In some embodiments, displaying the transformation of the
background is in accordance with a determination that the
background includes an animation (e.g., that the background is a
live wallpaper). In some embodiments, displaying the transformation
of the background starts when the detected intensity of the sixth
user input satisfies an animation intensity threshold. In some
embodiments, the animation of the background is displayed when the
characteristic intensity of a contact directed to the respective
user interface element reaches the background-animation intensity
threshold. In some embodiments, once started, animation of the
background continues even if the characteristic intensity of a
contact directed to the respective user interface element falls
below the background-animation intensity threshold.
[0291] In some embodiments of method 600, displaying the animation
of the background includes progressing through the animation of the
background as the intensity of the sixth user input increases, and
reversing the progression through the animation as the intensity of
the sixth user input decreases. See above discussion of FIGS.
5A-5AA.
[0292] It should be understood that the particular order in which
the operations in FIGS. 6A-6H have been described is merely an
example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is
the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of
ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder
the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted
that details of other processes described herein with respect to
other methods described herein (e.g., method 700) are also
applicable in an analogous manner to method 600 described above
with respect to FIGS. 6A-6H. For example, the visual transformation
of user interface elements and generation of tactile outputs in
conjunction with user inputs meeting criteria that include
intensity-based criteria, as described above with reference to
method 600, optionally are also applicable to user interface
elements described below with reference to method 700. For brevity,
these details are not repeated here.
Context-Sensitive Tactile Output Suppression or Reduction in Camera
Application
[0293] FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams illustrating method 700 of
forgoing the generation of certain tactile outputs in a camera
application, or camera user interface, in accordance with some
embodiments. Method 700 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,
device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A)
with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors
to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.
In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the
touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In
some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive
surface. Some operations in method 700 are, optionally, combined
and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
[0294] As described below, method 700 provides an intuitive visual
and tactile feedback to users of a camera application, which
facilitates efficient use of the camera application by users, and
suppresses and/or reduces the amplitude of various tactile outputs
so as to avoid interference with recording the audio portion of
media being captured by the camera application. The method thereby
facilitates capturing media with audio, without interference from
tactile outputs, while still providing, in non-audio recording
contexts of the camera application, tactile outputs that facilitate
efficient use of the camera application by users, thereby creating
a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated
electronic devices, using tactile outputs to enable a user to
select camera user interface features faster and more efficiently
conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
[0295] Method 700, which is performed at (and thus performed by) an
electronic device with one or more input devices, one or more
output devices, and one or more tactile output generators (702),
includes displaying (704) a camera user interface for capturing
media, wherein the camera has a plurality of media capture modes.
Method 700 further includes, while displaying the camera user
interface, detecting (706), via the one or more input devices,
activation of a capture affordance (e.g., a displayed shutter
button or a physical button that serves as a shutter button such as
a volume up button). Method 700 further includes, in response (708)
to detecting, via the one or more input devices, activation of the
capture affordance: in accordance with a determination (710) that
the activation of the capture affordance was detected while the
camera user interface was in a first media capture mode (e.g., a
still image capture mode), wherein capturing media in the first
media capture mode includes capturing media of a first type that
includes one or more images captured without audio: capturing (712)
media of the first type (e.g., a still image), and generating (714)
a first tactile output. An example of activation of a camera
application's capture affordance and generation of a first tactile
output is discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5AI-5AJ.
[0296] Method 700 further includes, in response (708) to detecting,
via the one or more input devices, activation of the capture
affordance: in accordance with a determination (716) that the
activation of the capture affordance was detected while the camera
user interface was in a second media capture mode (e.g., a video
capture or live photo capture mode) that is distinct from the first
media capture mode, wherein capturing media in the second media
capture mode includes capturing media of a second type that
includes a sequence of images and corresponding audio (e.g.,
recording video, or capturing a live photo): capturing (716) media
of the second type (e.g., a video, or a live photo), and forgoing
(718) generating the first tactile output in response to activation
of the capture affordance. An example of activation of a camera
application's capture affordance while in a video capture mode, and
forgoing generation of the first tactile output is discussed above
with reference to FIGS. 5AV-5AW.
[0297] In some embodiments, method 700 includes detects a sequence
of activations of the capture affordance, including a first
activation of the capture affordance detected while the camera user
interface is in the first media capture mode, and a second
activation of the capture affordance detected while the camera user
interface is in the second media capture mode. It is noted that,
generating tactile outputs provides a user of the device with
confirmation that an intended result has been achieved, but
forgoing generating tactile outputs while recording media that
includes audio reduces interference of the tactile outputs with the
captured audio.
[0298] In some embodiments, method 700 includes, in response to
detecting, via the one or more input devices, the activation of the
capture affordance, in accordance with the determination that the
activation of the capture affordance was detected while the camera
user interface was in the second media capture mode, generating a
(720) second tactile output that has a lower amplitude than the
first tactile output in conjunction with capturing the media of the
second type. In some embodiments, the second tactile output
includes the first tactile output reduced to zero. More generally,
in some embodiments, tactile outputs generated in the second media
capture mode in response to activation of the capture affordance
are reduced with respect to tactile outputs generated in the first
media capture mode in response to activation of the capture
affordance. It is noted that, generally, generating tactile outputs
provides user with confirmation that an intended result has been
achieved, but generating tactile outputs with lower amplitude while
recording media that includes audio reduces interference of the
tactile outputs with the captured audio, etc.
[0299] In some embodiments of method 700, the second tactile output
includes (722) the first tactile output with reduced amplitude
(e.g., the second tactile output is the result of attenuating an
instance of the first tactile output). It is noted that reducing
tactile output amplitude still provides the user with some feedback
regarding a user input, or regarding an operation being performed
by the device in response to a user input, but reduces interference
with audio capture.
[0300] In some embodiments of method 700, for a respective tactile
output generated while capturing the media of the second type, the
respective tactile output is selected (724) based on a
determination that the respective tactile output interferes with
the captured media by an amount that is below a predefined
threshold. Such embodiments provide the user with confirmation that
an intended result has been achieved for certain predefined
operations regardless of operating mode, thereby making use of the
device and camera application more efficient, while reducing or
minimizing disruption to media captured in certain operating modes
(e.g., noise reduction for recorded audio).
[0301] In some embodiments of method 700, the second tactile output
includes (726) the first tactile output with scale reduced to zero
(e.g., the second tactile output includes or is implemented as
tactile silence). Such embodiments, which reduce the scale of a
tactile output to zero, remove all interference with audio capture,
while still providing tactile outputs and their attendant benefits
in other contexts of the camera application.
[0302] Generation of tactile outputs when a camera application is
operating in a burst mode is discussed above with reference to FIG.
5AK. In some embodiments of method 700, capturing the media of the
first type includes (730) capturing a sequence of images, and the
first tactile output corresponds to (e.g., is generated for) an
initial image in the sequence of images (732). In such embodiments,
method 700 includes, for each image in the sequence of images other
than the initial image, determining (734) a time interval from a
point in time corresponding to capturing a most recent prior image
for which the first tactile output was generated, to a point in
time corresponding to capturing the respective image (e.g.,
corresponding to a subsequent request to generate the first tactile
output). Furthermore, in such embodiments, method 700 includes, in
accordance with a determination that the time interval is less than
a predefined time period, capturing (736) the respective image
without generating the first tactile output; and in accordance with
a determination that the time interval is greater than the
predefined time period, capturing (738) the respective image and
generating the first tactile output. In some embodiments, the time
interval is measured from request times for the tactile outputs,
times associated with capturing images, or tactile output times
(actual and projected). More generally, in some embodiments,
tactile outputs are generated for captured images, or not, based on
whether a respective tactile output would be generated too soon
after the most recently generated tactile output. In some
embodiments, a minimum time interval TI.sub.B (e.g., see FIG. 5AK)
is enforced between sequential tactile outputs. In some
embodiments, the sequence of images are obtained in a burst mode,
with sequential images temporally separated by a predefined period
of time (e.g., a burst mode interval TI.sub.C). In some
embodiments, tactile outputs for the sequence of images are
generated synchronously with the burst mode interval, when allowed.
For example, in embodiments in which TI.sub.C is less than
TI.sub.B, after capturing a respective image (e.g., the initial
image), and generating a tactile output for the respective image,
tactile outputs are not generated for images captured during the
minimum tactile output time interval TI.sub.B since capturing the
respective image, and the next-generated tactile output corresponds
to the next-captured image following expiration of the minimum
tactile output time interval since capturing the respective
image.
[0303] In some embodiments, tactile output generation for the
sequence of images is asynchronous with the burst interval (e.g.,
see "Asynchronous Tactile Output" graphs 593, FIG. 5AK). In some
embodiments, the generation of the first tactile output is repeated
at the minimum time intervals while continuing to detect the
activation of the capture affordance (e.g., while activation of the
capture affordance is maintained), regardless of any respective
time interval between capturing a first respective image and
capturing a second respective image immediately following (or
preceding) the first respective image.
[0304] Forgoing generation of tactile outputs based on time
intervals from preceding tactile outputs reduces excessive
generation of tactile outputs, thereby complying with hardware
specifications and limitations and protecting tactile output
generators. In addition, forgoing generation of tactile outputs
based on time intervals from preceding tactile outputs reduces
overloading the user with tactile outputs, thereby allowing the
user to focus on more important tactile outputs. Thus, these
features (e.g., 730-738 or a subset thereof) protect the device and
makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by providing
more important tactile outputs and reducing user mistakes and/or
unintended operations when operating/interacting with the
device).
[0305] In some embodiments, method 700 including detecting (740) a
user input to switch from a first respective media capture mode to
a second respective media capture mode. For example, see above
discussion of FIGS. 5AT-5AU. In some embodiments, the user input
(to switch modes) is detected while the camera user interface is in
the first media capture mode, and switches the camera user
interface from the first media capture mode to the second media
capture mode. In some embodiments, the user input is detected while
the camera user interface is in the second media capture mode, and
switches the camera user interface from the second media capture
mode to the first media capture mode. In some embodiments, the user
input is detected subsequent to detecting the activation of the
capture affordance. In some embodiments, the user input is a
left-to-right, or right-to-left, swipe gesture. In some
embodiments, the user input is a tap gesture on an affordance,
displayed in the camera user interface (e.g., while the camera user
interface is in the first respective media capture mode), for the
second respective media capture mode.
[0306] Such embodiments of method 700 further include, in response
(742) to detecting the user input: switching (744) the camera user
interface from the first respective media capture mode to the
second respective media capture mode; and generating (746) a third
tactile output. More generally, in some embodiments, a tactile
output (e.g., a third tactile output) is generated in conjunction
with switching between media capture modes. In some embodiments,
the third tactile output is different (e.g., has a different
tactile output pattern) from the first tactile output and/or the
second tactile output. These features provide the user of the
device with confirmation that an intended result has been achieved,
which helps avoid repeated user inputs that attempt to perform a
function that has already been performed.
[0307] In some embodiments, method 700 includes, while displaying
(750) the camera user interface, detecting, via the one or more
input devices, a second user input (e.g., user input 598, FIG. 5AP)
for performing an operation in the camera user interface other than
activation of the capture affordance, for example, an operation
other than capturing media, such as changing a setting of the
camera user interface. In some embodiments, the operation may
include switching between different capture modes, switching
between different camera filters (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 5AP-5AS),
or zooming a live view of the camera in or out (e.g., as shown in
FIGS. 5AL-5AM and 5AZ-5BA).
[0308] In such embodiments, method 700 further includes, in
response to detecting the second user input via the one or more
input devices, performing (752) the operation in the camera user
interface and generating a fourth tactile output without regard to
whether the camera user interface is in the first media capture
mode (e.g., still image capture) or the second media capture mode
(e.g., video capture or live photo capture). More generally, in
some embodiments, a tactile output (e.g., the fourth tactile
output) is generated in accordance with performing an operation in
the user interface (e.g., an operation other than activation of the
capture affordance) regardless of media capture mode. For example,
the fourth tactile output is generated in accordance with
performing the operation (e.g., changing a filter,) in the first
media capture mode (e.g., still photo capture), and the fourth
tactile output (or an instance of the fourth tactile output) is
also generated in accordance with performing the operation (e.g.,
changing a filter) in the second media capture mode (e.g., without
regard to whether media, such as a video or a live photo, is being
captured in the second media capture mode, and optionally even
while buffering media to be captured, prior to detecting activation
of the capture affordance, such as for a live photo), rather than
being reduced in the second media capture mode. In some
embodiments, the fourth tactile output is different (e.g., has a
different tactile output pattern) from the first tactile output,
and/or from the second tactile output, and/or from the third
tactile output. Such embodiments consistently provide a user with
confirmation that an intended result has been achieved for certain
predefined operations, regardless of operating mode.
[0309] In some embodiments of method 700, the operation in the
camera user interface includes changing a scale (e.g., changing a
zoom factor, as shown in FIGS. 5AL-5AM and 5AZ-5BA) of a displayed
user interface element in the camera user interface (e.g.,
increasing or decreasing a zoom factor in a live view of the
camera). In such embodiments of method 700, the fourth tactile
output is generated in accordance with a determination that the
scale of the displayed user interface element satisfies a
predefined limit (e.g., a maximum or minimum zoom level has been
reached or exceeded). For example, a tactile output (e.g., the
fourth tactile output, such as a zoom limit tactile output) is
generated in accordance with reaching a zoom limit while zooming in
or zooming out the live view of the camera user interface (e.g.,
the live view region of the camera user interface that helps the
user to see what is being captured through the lens of the camera).
In some embodiments, the zoom limit tactile output is generated
regardless of media capture mode. For example, the zoom limit
tactile output is generated in accordance with reaching (or, in
some embodiments, exceeding) a zoom limit in the still photo
capture mode, and the zoom limit tactile output (or an instance of
the zoom limit tactile output) is also generated in accordance with
reaching (or exceeding) the zoom limit in a second media capture
mode, such as a video capture mode or a live photo capture mode,
rather than being reduced in the second media capture mode. Such
embodiments provide a user with confirmation that an intended
result has been achieved for certain predefined operations
regardless of operating mode, while causing minimal disruption to
media captured in certain operating modes (e.g., noise reduction
for recorded audio).
[0310] In some embodiments of method 700, the operation in the
camera user interface includes changing a filter setting of the
camera user interface (e.g., tapping on a filter setting different
from a currently-selected filter setting, or scrolling to or
through a filter setting in a scrollable sequence of filter
settings; see above discussion of FIGS. 5AQ-5AS). For example, a
tactile output (e.g., the fourth tactile output, such as a
selection change tactile output) is generated in accordance with
changing a filter for the camera user interface from a
currently-selected filter. In some embodiments, the selection
change tactile output is generated regardless of media capture
mode. For example, the selection change tactile output is generated
in accordance with changing to a different filter in the still
photo capture mode, and the selection change tactile output (or an
instance of the selection change tactile output) is also generated
in accordance with changing to a different filter in a second media
capture mode, such as a video capture mode or live photo capture
mode, rather than being reduced in the second media capture mode.
Such embodiments provide a user with confirmation that an intended
result has been achieved for certain predefined operations
regardless of operating mode, while causing minimal disruption to
media captured in certain operating modes (e.g., live picture and
video capture modes).
[0311] It should be understood that the particular order in which
the operations in FIGS. 7A-7C have been described is merely an
example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is
the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of
ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder
the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted
that details of other processes described herein with respect to
other methods described herein (e.g., method 600) are also
applicable in an analogous manner to method 700 described above
with respect to FIGS. 7A-7C. For brevity, these details are not
repeated here.
[0312] The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has
been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the
illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or
to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many
modifications and variations are possible in view of the above
teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to
best explain the principles of the invention and its practical
applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best
use the invention and various described embodiments with various
modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
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