U.S. patent application number 17/512911 was filed with the patent office on 2022-03-24 for system and method for processing multi-directional frequency modulated continuous wave wireless backscattered signals.
The applicant listed for this patent is Koko Home, Inc.. Invention is credited to Bradley Michael Eckert, Kiran Joshi, Neal Khosla, Lenin Patra, Luca Rigazio.
Application Number | 20220091248 17/512911 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000006010037 |
Filed Date | 2022-03-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220091248 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Eckert; Bradley Michael ; et
al. |
March 24, 2022 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING MULTI-DIRECTIONAL FREQUENCY
MODULATED CONTINUOUS WAVE WIRELESS BACKSCATTERED SIGNALS
Abstract
In an example, the present invention provides an FMCW sensor
apparatus. The apparatus has at least three transceiver modules.
Each of the transceiver modules has an antenna array to be
configured to sense a back scatter of electromagnetic energy from
spatial location of a zero degree location in relation to a mid
point of the device through a 360 degrees range where each antenna
array is configured to sense a 120 degree range. In an example,
each of the antenna array has a support member, a plurality of
receiving antenna, a receiver integrated circuit coupled to the
receiving antenna and configured to receive an incoming FMCW signal
and covert the incoming FMCW signal into a base band signal, and a
plurality of transmitting antenna. Each antenna array has a
transmitter integrated circuit coupled to the transmitting antenna
to transmit an outgoing FMCW signal. The apparatus has a virtual
antenna array configured from the plurality of receiving antenna
and the plurality of transmitting antenna to form a larger spatial
region using the virtual antenna array, than a physical spatial
region of the plurality of receiving antenna.
Inventors: |
Eckert; Bradley Michael;
(Palo Alto, CA) ; Rigazio; Luca; (Palo Alto,
CA) ; Khosla; Neal; (Palo Alto, CA) ; Joshi;
Kiran; (Palo Alto, CA) ; Patra; Lenin; (Palo
Alto, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Koko Home, Inc. |
Palo Alto |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000006010037 |
Appl. No.: |
17/512911 |
Filed: |
October 28, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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16194166 |
Nov 16, 2018 |
11163052 |
|
|
17512911 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01S 13/345 20130101;
H01Q 21/061 20130101; G01S 13/04 20130101; H04B 7/0413
20130101 |
International
Class: |
G01S 13/34 20060101
G01S013/34; H01Q 21/06 20060101 H01Q021/06; G01S 13/04 20060101
G01S013/04 |
Claims
1. A system for monitoring one or more activities of daily living
(ADL) and a transitional activity of a patient, the system
comprising: a transmitter configured to deliver energy toward the
patient; a receiver configured to receive the energy backscattered
from the patient; a signal processor configured to receive a signal
from the receiver and to process the signal to detect the one or
more activities of daily living and the transitional activity; and
an artificial intelligence (AI) module comprising a processor
operably coupled with the signal processing device, the AI module
comprising a processor having computer-readable medium with
instructions configured to process information associated with the
signal thereby characterizing the one or more activities of daily
living and the transitional activity, wherein the one or more
activities of daily living comprise sleep, and wherein the
computer-readable medium with instructions is further configured to
cause the processor to devise incentives to change a behavioral
pattern of the patient for improvement of the one or more
activities of daily living or the transitional activity.
2. A method for monitoring one or more activities of daily living
(ADL) and a transitional activity of a patient, the method
comprising: transmitting energy from a transmitter toward the
patient; receiving energy backscattered from the patient with a
receiver; processing a signal from the receiver to detect the one
or more activities of daily living and the transitional activity;
using an artificial intelligence comprising a processor having
computer-readable medium with instructions configured to process
information associated with the signal thereby characterizing the
one or more activities of daily living and the transitional
activity, wherein the one or more activities of daily living
comprises sleep; and using the computer-readable medium with
instructions to cause the processor to devise incentives to change
a behavioral pattern of the patient thereby improving the one or
more activities of daily living or the transitional activity.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a receiving antenna
configured to receive the backscattered energy.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a transmitting antenna
configured to deliver the energy to the patient.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is disposed within a
room.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a speaker device
configured to provide an audio output, or a microphone for
detecting sound.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the artificial intelligence
module comprises an artificial intelligence inference accelerator
configured to apply a trained module using a neural net based
process.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more of an
ultraviolet light detector, a pressure sensor, or an environmental
gas detector.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy delivered to the
patient is a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal, and
wherein the backscattered energy is a frequency modulated
continuous wave signal.
10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a virtual antenna
array configured to form a spatial region for monitoring of the one
or more activities of daily living (ADL) and the transitional
activity of the patient.
11. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving the backscattered
energy comprises receiving the backscattered energy with a
receiving antenna.
12. The method of claim 2, wherein transmitting the energy
comprises transmitting the energy with a transmitting antenna.
13. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmitting or the
receiving is substantially within a room.
14. The method of claim 2, further comprising detecting sound with
a microphone or providing an audio output with a speaker.
15. The method of claim 2, wherein the artificial intelligence
comprises an artificial intelligence inference accelerator, and
using the artificial intelligence and processing the information
comprises applying a trained module using a neural net based
process.
16. The method of claim 2, further comprising one or more of
detecting ultraviolet light with an ultraviolet light detector,
sensing pressure with a pressure sensor, or detecting an
environmental gas with a gas detector.
17. The method of claim 2, wherein transmitting the energy or
receiving the energy comprises transmitting or receiving a
frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal.
18. The method of claim 2, further comprising monitoring the one or
more activities of daily living (ADL) and the transitional activity
of the patient with a virtual antenna array.
19. A computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon,
the instructions configured to cause a computer to execute a
method, the method comprising: transmitting energy from a
transmitter toward a patient; receiving energy backscattered from
the patient with a receiver; processing a signal from the receiver
to detect one or more activities of daily living and a transitional
activity; using an artificial intelligence in the computer to
process information associated with the signal thereby
characterizing the one or more activities of daily living and the
transitional activity, wherein the one or more activities of daily
living comprises sleep; and using the computer to devise incentives
to change a behavioral pattern of the patient thereby improving the
one or more activities of daily living or the transitional
activity.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/194,166, filed Nov. 16, 2018, the contents
of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0002] U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/194,166 is related to
U.S. Ser. No. 16/103,829, filed on Aug. 14, 2018, which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The present invention relates to techniques, including a
method, and system, for processing frequency modulated continuous
wave ("FMCW") signals using a plurality of antenna array. In an
example, the plurality of antenna array, including a receiving
antenna array and a transmitting antenna array configured to
capture and transmit signals in an omni-directional manner. Merely
by way of examples, various applications can include daily life,
and others.
[0004] Various conventional techniques exist for monitoring people
within a home or building environment. Such techniques include use
of cameras to view a person. Other techniques include a pendant or
other sensing device that is placed on the person to monitor
his/her movement. Examples include Personal Emergency Response
Systems (PERS) devices such as LifeAlert.RTM. and Philips.RTM.
LifeLine--each of which are just panic buttons for seniors to press
in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, all of these techniques
have limitations. That is, each of these techniques fails to
provide a reliable and high quality signal to accurately detect a
fall or other life activity of the person being monitored. Many
people often forget to wear the pendant or a power source for the
pendant runs out. Also, elderly people do not want to look like
they are old so often times, elderly people do not wear the
pendant.
[0005] From the above, it is seen that techniques for identifying
and monitoring a person is highly desirable.
SUMMARY
[0006] According to the present invention, techniques related to a
method, and system, for processing FMCW signals using a plurality
of antenna array are provided. In an example, the plurality of
antenna array, including a receiving antenna array and a
transmitting antenna array configured to capture and transmit
signals in an omni-directional manner. Merely by way of examples,
various applications can include daily life, and others.
[0007] In an example, the present invention provides an FMCW sensor
apparatus. The apparatus has at least three transceiver modules.
Each of the transceiver modules has an antenna array to be
configured to sense a back scatter of electromagnetic energy from
spatial location of a zero degree location in relation to a mid
point of the device through a 360 degrees range where each antenna
array is configured to sense a 120 degree range. In an example,
each of the antenna array has a support member, a plurality of
receiving antenna, a receiver integrated circuit coupled to the
receiving antenna and configured to receive an incoming FMCW signal
and covert the incoming FMCW signal into a base band signal, and a
plurality of transmitting antenna. Each antenna array has a
transmitter integrated circuit coupled to the transmitting antenna
to transmit an outgoing FMCW signal. The apparatus has a virtual
antenna array configured from the plurality of receiving antenna
and the plurality of transmitting antenna to form a larger spatial
region using the virtual antenna array, than a physical spatial
region of the plurality of receiving antenna.
[0008] In an example, the apparatus has a triangular configuration
comprising a first antenna array, a second antenna array, and a
third antenna array included in the at least three antenna arrays
to provide a 360 degree visibility range as measured from a
horizontal plane, and a 80 degree visibility range as measured from
a vertical plane normal to the horizontal plane. The apparatus has
a master control board coupled to each of the support members, and
configured in a normal directional manner with reference to each of
the support members. The apparatus has a housing enclosing the at
least three transceiver modules.
[0009] The above examples and implementations are not necessarily
inclusive or exclusive of each other and may be combined in any
manner that is non-conflicting and otherwise possible, whether they
be presented in association with a same, or a different, embodiment
or example or implementation. The description of one embodiment or
implementation is not intended to be limiting with respect to other
embodiments and/or implementations. Also, any one or more function,
step, operation, or technique described elsewhere in this
specification may, in alternative implementations, be combined with
any one or more function, step, operation, or technique described
in the summary. Thus, the above examples implementations are
illustrative, rather than limiting.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a radar/wireless
backscattering sensor system according to an example of the present
invention.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of a sensor array according
to an example of the present invention.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram of a system according to an
example of the present invention.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram of hardware apparatus according
to an example of the present invention.
[0014] FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of a hub in a spatial region
according to an example of the present invention.
[0015] FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram of a mini mode in a spatial
region according to an example of the present invention.
[0016] FIG. 7 is a simplified diagram of a mobile mode in a spatial
region according to an example of the present invention.
[0017] FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram of a hub device according to
an example.
[0018] FIG. 9 is a simplified diagram of an ultra-wide band module
for the hub according to an example of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 10 is a simplified diagram of electrical parameters
according to an example for the ultra-wide band module in the
present invention.
[0020] FIG. 11 is a simplified system diagram of the ultra-wide
band module according to an example of the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 12 is an example of antenna array parameters for the
ultra-wide band module according to the present invention.
[0022] FIG. 13 is an example of antenna array configuration for the
ultra-wide band module according to the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 14 is a simplified diagram of FMCW modules and antenna
arrays according to examples of the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 15 is a simplified illustration of three antenna arrays
according to examples of the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 16 is a table illustrating device parameters according
to examples of the present invention.
[0026] FIG. 17 is a simplified diagram of a system architecture for
an FMCW device according to an example of the present
invention.
[0027] FIG. 18 is a simplified diagram of an alternative system
architecture for an FMCW device according to an example of the
present invention.
[0028] FIG. 18A is a simplified diagram of various elements in a
micro controller module according to an example of the present
invention.
[0029] FIG. 19 is a simplified diagram of an alternative system
architecture for an FMCW device according to an example of the
present invention.
[0030] FIG. 20 is a simplified illustration of each antenna in an
array according to examples of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES
[0031] According to the present invention, techniques related to a
method, and system, for processing FMCW signals using a plurality
of antenna array are provided. In an example, the plurality of
antenna array, including a receiving antenna array and a
transmitting antenna array configured to capture and transmit
signals in an omni-directional manner. Merely by way of examples,
various applications can include daily life, and others.
[0032] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a radar/wireless
backscattering sensor system 100 according to an example of the
present invention. This diagram is merely an example, which should
not unduly limit the scope of the claims herein. In an example, the
system is a wireless backscattering detection system. The system
has a control line 101 coupled to a processing device. The control
line is configured with a switch to trigger an initiation of a
wireless signal. In an example, the system has a waveform pattern
generator 103 coupled to the control line. The system has an rf
transmitter 105 coupled to the waveform pattern generator. The
system has transmitting and receiving antenna 107. In an example,
the system has a transmitting antenna coupled to the rf transmitter
and an rf receiver 105, which is coupled to an rf receiving
antenna. In an example, the system has an analog front end
comprising a filter 109. An analog to digital converter 111 coupled
to the analog front end. The system has a signal-processing device
113 coupled to the analog to digital converter. In a preferred
example, the system has an artificial intelligence module 113
coupled to the signal-processing device. The module is configured
to process information associated with a backscattered signal
captured from the rf receiving antenna. Further details of the
present system can be found through out the specification and more
particularly below.
[0033] Antenna
[0034] In an example, multiple aspects of antenna design can
improve the performance of the activities of daily life ("ADL")
system. For example in scanning mode the present technique
continuously looks for moving human targets (or user) to extract
ADL or fall. Since these can happen anywhere in the spatial region
of a home, the present system has antennas that have wide field of
view. Once the human target is identified, the technique focuses
signals coming only from that particular target and attenuate
returns from all other targets. This can be done by first
estimating location of the target from our technique using wide
field of view antennas and then focusing RF energy on the specific
target of interest once it has been identified. In an example, the
technique can either electronically switch a different antenna that
has narrow field of view or could use beam forming techniques to
simultaneously transmit waves from multiple transmit antenna and
control their phase such that the RF energy constructively builds
around the target of interest where as it destructively cancels
everywhere else. This return will be much cleaner and can boost the
performance of our ADL+fall+vital sign sensors.
[0035] In another example considers the layout of the antennas
itself. In an example, the technique places transmit and receive
antennas in various different physical configurations (UTLA,
circular, square, etc.), that can help us establish the direction
from which the radar signal returns, by comparing phases of the
same radar signal at different receiving antennas. The
configurations can play a role because different configurations
enable direction of arrival measurement from different dimensions.
For example, when the human target falls the vertical angle of
arrival changes from top to bottom, therefore a vertical ULA is
better suited to capture that information. Likewise during walking
horizontal angle of arrival of the signal varies more therefore it
makes sense to use horizontal ULA is more sensitive and therefor
can provide additional information for our algorithm. Of course,
there can be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0036] RF Unit
[0037] In an example, the wireless RF unit can be either pulsed
doppler radar or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) or
continuous wave doppler (CW). In an example, on the transmit side
it will have standard RF units like VCO, PLL, among others. On the
receive side it can have matched filter, LNA, mixer, and other
elements. The multiple antennas can be either driven by a single
transmit/receive chain by sharing it in time or have one each chain
for each of the antennas.
[0038] Waveform Unit
[0039] In an example, waveform pattern generator generates control
signals that define the type of radar signal that is generated by
the radar RF unit. For example for FMCW, it can generate triangular
wave of specific slope and period, which will linearly sweep the
frequency of the RF unit according to this parameter. For a pulsed
doppler radar, the technique will hold generate pulse of specific
width and period, which will modulate the RF output
accordingly.
[0040] Baseband Unit
[0041] In an example, the gain and filter stage filters the radar
returns to remove any unwanted signals and then amplifies the
remaining signal with different techniques. For example, the
present artificial intelligence or AI technique can determine what
target is desirably tracked and provide feedback to the AI
technique, that will filter out radar return from any and all other
signals except for the signal that is desirably tracked. If human
target is moving the return signal will be fluctuating, in that
case, the technique applies automatic gain control (AGC) to find
the optimal gain, so that entire dynamic range of ADC in the
subsequent stage is satisfied. In an example, the return signal is
converted to digital samples by analog-to-digital converters (ADC),
among other front-end elements.
[0042] FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of a sensor array 200
according to an example of the present invention. This diagram is
merely an example, which should not unduly limit the scope of the
claims herein. Shown is a sensor array. The sensor array includes a
plurality of passive sensors 201. In an example, the plurality of
passive sensors are spatially disposed in spatial region of a
living area. The sensor array has active sensors, such as one or
more radar sensors 203. Additionally, the array has a feedback
interface 205, such as a speaker for calling out to a human target
in the spatial region of the living area.
[0043] In an example, the present technique is provided to identify
various activities in home using non-wearable. In an example, the
technique is at least privacy intrusive as possible, and will use
sensors that are less intrusive. Examples of sensors can include,
without limitation, a wireless backscatter (e.g., radar, WiFi),
audio (e.g., microphone array, speaker array), video (e.g., PTZ
mounted, stereo), pressure mats, infrared, temperature,
ultraviolet, humidity, pressure, smoke, any combination thereof,
and others.
[0044] Active Sensor for RADAR
[0045] In an example, the technique can use wireless backscattering
to measure motion of human, a location, and an environmental state,
such as door opening/closing, or other environmental condition. In
an example, the wireless backscattering can also be used to measure
a vital sign, such as a heart rate and respiration rate, among
others. In an example, the wireless techniques can work in non-line
of sight, and is non intrusive compared to camera or microphone, or
others. In an example, the technique can use radar/backscatter
sensor for two purposes (1) to find the location of an action; and
(2) sense different activities associated with the action. Of
course, there can be other variations, modifications, and
alternatives.
[0046] In an example, the present technique and system includes a
radar system that operates on multiple frequency bands, such as
below 10 GHz, around 24 GHz, 60 GHz, 77-81 GHz, among others. In an
example, different frequency interacts differently with various
objects in our environment. In an example, available signal
bandwidth and permissible signal power are also regulated
differently at different frequency bands. In an example, the
present techniques optimally combine reflections coming from a
reflector from multiple frequency bands to achieve large coverage,
and/or improve accuracy. Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives.
[0047] In an example, each radar is working at a particular
frequency band will be using multiple transmit and receive
antennas, as shown. In an example, using these multiple
transmitters, the technique can perform transmit beam forming to
concentrate radar signal on a particular target. In an example, the
technique uses multiple receivers to collect reflected signals
coming from various reflectors (e.g., human body, walls). After
further processing this will allow us to find the direction of the
reflector with respect to the radar. In an example, the technique
also uses multiple transmitter and receiver to form virtual array,
this will allow emulate the radar array with large element by using
small number of transmitter and receiver chains. The main benefit
is to improve the angle resolution without using a large array,
saving space and component cost. In an example, different antenna
array configurations to improve coverage (using beam forming) or
add 3D localization capability (using 2-D array) are included.
[0048] In an example using standard radar signal modulation
techniques, such as FMCW/UWIB, on MIMO radar, the technique will
first separate signals coining from different range and angle. The
technique will then identify static reflectors, such as chairs,
walls, or other features, from moving ones, such as human targets,
pets, or the like. For moving objects that are tracked, the
technique will further process signals for each of the reflectors.
As an example, the technique will use different techniques to
extract raw motion data (e.g., like spectrogram). In an example,
the technique will apply various filtering process to extract
periodic signals generated by vital signs, such as heart rate,
respiration rate, among others. In an example, both the raw motion
data and extracted vital signs will be passed to a downstream
process, where they are combined with data from other sensors, such
as radar outputs operating at different frequency or completely
different sensors to extract higher insights about the environment.
Of course, there can be other variations, modifications, and
alternatives.
[0049] Audio Sensor
[0050] In an example, the present technique uses a sensor array
that has a multiple microphone array. In an example, these
microphones will be use to ascertain the direction of arrival of
any audio signal in the environment. In an example, the microphone
in conjunction with other sensors, such as radar, will be vital in
performing two tasks: 1st it will augment radar signal to identify
various activities (walking produces a different sound than
sitting), if the target is watching TV it is much easier to
ascertain it with audio signal; and 2nd in case of emergency like
fall, the technique can use the radar signal to identify the
location of the fall and then beam form microphone array towards
that location, so that any audio signal produced by the target can
be captured. Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives.
[0051] Sensor Fusion and Soft Sensors
[0052] In addition to a radar sensor, which is consider as active
sensors the present sensor system (e.g., box, boxes) will also have
additional passive sensors that captures the sound, chemical
signature, environmental conditions. Each of these of the sensors
captures different context about the home that the human being
tracking is living in or occupying. In an example, the UV sensor
can monitor how often the sunlight comes in the room. In an
example, light sensors determine a lighting condition of the
human's home or living area.
[0053] In an example, a microphone array can have many functions,
such as use to sense sound in the room, to figure out how long the
human has spent watching TV, or how many time they went to bathroom
by listening to the sound of toilet flushing or other audio
signature. In an example, the present technique can use creative
solutions where it can use the active sensor to find the location
of the person and then tune the microphone array to enhance the
sound coining from that location only, among other features. In an
example, the technique can call the sensors that are derived from
the hardware sensors using specific algorithms as software sensors
or soft sensors. So the same hardware sensors can be used for many
different applications by creating different software sensors. Here
the software sensors can combine signals from one or more sensors
and then apply sensor fusion and A techniques to generate the
desired output. Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives.
[0054] Soft Sensor for Detecting Cooking and Eating Habits
[0055] In example, radar sensors can determine information about a
human's location within a home, like if they are in kitchen area,
or other. In an example, when the human target turns on the
microphone oven, it generates specific RF signature that can be
tracked. In an example, the technique can combine this information
to infer if the human target walked to the kitchen and turned on
the microphone. Likewise, when the human target prepares food in
kitchen he/she can make lot of specific noise like utensils
clattering, chopping, or other audio signature. So if a human
target goes to kitchen spends sometime time in the kitchen, and the
present microphone pick these sounds, the technique can infer that
food is cooking or other activity.
[0056] Soft Sensor for Detecting Bathroom Habits
[0057] In an example, toileting frequency can be a very valuable
indication of ones wellness. The present technique can track if a
human went to the bathroom using the radar or other sensing
techniques. In an example, additionally, the technique can pick
sound signature of toilet flushing. In an example, the technique
combines these two pieces of information, which can be correlated
to toileting frequency. In an example, similarly, bathing is a
unique activity that requires 4-5 minutes of specific movements. By
learning those patterns, the technique can figure out ones bathing
routines.
[0058] Soft Sensor for Detecting Mobile Habits
[0059] In an example, different sensors are triggered by different
motion of a human target. In an example, radar can detect human
fall by looking at micro doppler patterns generating by different
part of the target during falls. In an example, the technique can
also simultaneously hear a fall from microphone arrays and
vibration sensors. In an example, the technique can also detect how
pace of movement changes for an individual over a long duration by
monitoring the location information provided by radar or other
sensing technique. In an example, likewise, the technique can
gather unstable transfers by analyzing the gait of the target. In
an example, the technique can find front door loitering by
analyzing the radar signal pattern. In an example, the technique
can figure out immobility by analyzing the radar return. In this
case, the technique can figure out the target's presence by
analyzing the target's vital signs, such as respiration rate or
heart rate or by keeping track of the bread crumb of the target's
location trace.
[0060] In any and all of the above cases, the technique can also
learn about the exact environmental condition that triggered a
particular state. For example, the technique can figure out whether
a human target was immobile because the target was watching TV or a
video for long duration or the target was simply spending a lot of
time in their bed. And these can be used to devise incentives to
change the target's behavioral pattern for better living.
[0061] Soft Sensor for Detecting Vital Signs
[0062] In an example, the technique can estimate vital signs of a
person by sensing the vibration of the target's body in response to
the breathing or heart beat, each of the actions results in tiny
phase change in the radar return signals, which can be detected. In
an example, the technique will use several signal processing
techniques to extract them. Of course, there can be other
variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0063] In an example, different frequency radio wave interact with
environment differently. Also phase change due to vital signs (HR,
RR) differs by frequency, for example phase change for a 77 GHz
radar is much higher than for a 10 GHz radar. Thus 77 GHz is more
appropriate for estimating heart-beat more accurately. But higher
frequency typically attenuates much more rapidly with distance.
Therefore, lower frequency radar can have much larger range. By
using multi-frequency radar in the present technique can perform
these vital trade-offs.
[0064] Soft Sensor for Detecting Sleeping Habits
[0065] In an example, the present radar sensors can detect motions
that are generated during sleep, such as tossing and turning. In an
example, radar sensors can also sense vital signs like respiration
rate and heart rate as described earlier. In an example, now
combining the pattern of toss and turn and different breathing and
heart beat pattern, the technique can effectively monitor the
target's sleep. Additionally, the technique can now combine results
from passive sensors, such as a thermometer, UV, photo diode, among
others, to find correlation between certain sleep pattern and the
environmental conditions. In an example, the technique can also use
the sleep monitor soft sensor to learn about day/night reversal of
sleep, and the associated environmental condition by looking at
different passive sensors. In an example, the techniques can be
valuable in providing feedback to improve the human target's sleep.
For example, the technique can determine or learn that certain
environmental condition results in better sleep and prescribe that
to improve future sleep.
[0066] Soft Sensor for Security Applications
[0067] In an example, the technique can repurpose many of the
sensors described before for security applications. For a security
application, the technique determines where one or more person is
located, which can be detected using a presence detection sensor
that is build on top of radar signals. In an example, the technique
can eliminate one or many false positive triggered by traditional
security systems. For example, is a window is suddenly opened by a
wind the technique (and system) will look at presence of human in
the vicinity before triggering the alarm. Likewise, combination of
vital signs, movement patterns, among others, can be used a
biometric to identify any human target. If an unknown human target
is detected in the vicinity at certain time of the day, the
technique can trigger an alarm or alert.
[0068] In an example, any one of the above sensing techniques can
be combined, separated, or integrated. In an example, n addition to
radar and audio sensors, other sensors can be provided in the
sensor array. Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives.
[0069] FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram of a system 300 according to
an example of the present invention. This diagram is merely an
example, which should not unduly limit the scope of the claims
herein. As shown, the system has hardware and method (e.g.,
algorithm), cloud computing, personalized analytics, customer
engagement, and an API to various partners, such as police,
medical, and others. Further details of the present system can be
found throughout the present specification and more particularly
below.
[0070] FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram 400 of hardware apparatus
according to an example of the present invention. This diagram is
merely an example, which should not unduly limit the scope of the
claims herein. As shown, the hardware units include at least a hub
device 401, node 403, and mobile node 405, each of which will be
described in more detail below.
[0071] In an example, the hub includes various sensing devices. The
sensing devices, include, among others, a radar, a WiFi, a
Bluetooth, a Zigbee sniffer, a microphone and speakers, a smoke
detector, a temperature detector, a humidity detector, a UV
detector, a pressure detector, MEMS (e.g., accelerometer,
gyroscope, and compass), a UWB sensors (for finding locations of
all the deployed elements relative to each other), among others. In
an example, the hub is a gateway to internet via WiFi, GSM,
Ethernet, landline, or other technique. The hub also connects to
other units (Mini Node/Mobile Node) via Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee,
UWB and coordinates them with each other. In an example, certain
data processing, such as noise removal, feature extraction to
reduce amount of data uploaded to cloud is included. In an example,
the hub alone can be sufficient to cover a small living space. In
an example, the hub is deployed as a single device somewhere in a
desirable location (e.g., middle of the living space) so that it
has good connectivity to all other units. An example of such
deployment is provided in the Figure below.
[0072] FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram 500 of a hub in a spatial
region according to an example of the present invention. This
diagram is merely an example, which should not unduly limit the
scope of the claims herein. As shown, the hub is deployed in the
middle of the living space in a house.
[0073] In an example, as shown in FIG. 6, the system 600 has
sensors, which is a subset of sensors in the hub. The sensors are
configured to in various spatial locations to improve coverage area
and improve accuracy for detection of critical events (e.g., fall,
someone calling for help). The sensors also communicate with the
hub via WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee or UWB, or other technique.
Additionally, the sensors or each mini node is deployed in a
bathrooms, where chances of fall is high, a kitchen, where we can
learn about eating habits by listening to sounds, RF waves,
vibrations, or a perimeter of the living space, that will allow us
to learn approximate map of the space under consideration, among
other locations. Additionally, each of the mini nodes can save
power and costs by adding more complexity on the hub. This can even
enable us to operate on battery for extended periods. For example,
each of the nodes can have only single antenna WiFi and hub could
have multiple antennas, for WiFi based sensing. Additionally, each
of the nodes use simpler radar (e.g., single antenna doppler) vs
MIMO FMCW in the HUB. Additionally, each node can be configured
with a single microphone whereas the hub can have array of
microphone. Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives. As shown, each node is configured
in a kitchen, shower, perimeter, or other location.
[0074] FIG. 7 is a simplified diagram 700 of a mobile node
according to an example of the present invention. This diagram is
merely an example, which should not unduly limit the scope of the
claims herein. In an example, each mobile node is a subset of
sensors in the hub. The mobile node sensors include a camera such
as RGB or IR. In an example, each of the nodes and hub
collaboratively figure out interesting events, and pass that
information to the mobile node. The technique then goes to the
location and probes further. In an example, the camera can be
useful to visually find what is going on in the location. In an
example, freewill patrolling can be use to detect anything unusual
or to refine details of the map created based on perimeter nodes.
In an example, onboard UWB can enable precise localization of the
mobile node, which can also enable wireless tomography, where the
precise RGB and wireless map of the living space is determined. As
shown, the mobile node, such as a mobile phone or smart phone or
other movable device, can physically move throughout the spatial
location. The mobile node can also be a drone or other device. Of
course, there can be other variations, modifications, and
alternatives. Further details of an example of a hub device can be
found throughout the present specification and more particularly
below.
[0075] FIG. 8 is a simplified diagram of a hub device 800 according
to an example of the present invention. As shown, the hub device
has a cylindrical housing 801 having a length and a diameter. The
housing has an upper top region and a lower bottom region in
parallel arrangement to each other. In an example, the housing has
a maximum length of six to twenty four inches and width of no
longer than six inches, although there can be other lengths and
widths, e.g., diameters. In an example, the housing has sufficient
structural strength to stand upright and protect an interior region
within the housing.
[0076] In an example, the housing has a height characterizing the
housing from a bottom region to a top region. In an example, a
plurality of levels 803 are within the housing numbered from 1 to
N, wherein N is an integer greater than two, but can be three,
four, five, six, seven, and others.
[0077] As shown, various elements are included. A speaker device
809 configured within the housing and over the bottom region, as
shown. The hub device also has a compute module 811 comprising a
processing device (e.g., microprocessor) over the speaker device.
The device has an artificial intelligence module configured over
the compute module, a ultra-wide band ("UWB") module 813 comprising
an antenna array configured over the artificial intelligence
module, and a frequency modulated continuous wave ("FMCW") module
815 with an antenna array configured over the UWC module. In an
example, the FMCW module being configured to process
electromagnetic radiation in a frequency range of 24 GHz to 24.25
GHz. In an example, the FMCW module outputs an FMCW signal using a
transmitter, and receives back scattered signals using a receiver,
such as a receiver antenna. The device has an audio module
configured over the FMWC module and an inertial measurement unit
("IMU") module configured over the FMCW module. In an example, the
audio module comprises a microphone array for detecting energy in a
frequency range of sound for communication and for detecting a
sound energy. In an example, the IMU module comprises at least one
motion detection sensor consisting of one of a gyroscope, an
accelerometer, a magnetic sensor, or other motion sensor, and
combinations thereof.
[0078] As shown, the speaker device, the compute module, the
artificial intelligence module, the UWB module, the FMCW module,
the audio module, and the IMU module are arranged in a stacked
configuration and configured, respectively, in the plurality of
levels numbered from 1 to N. In an example, the speaker device
comprises an audio output configured to be included in the housing.
As shown, the speaker device is spatially configured to output
energy within a 360 degree range from a midpoint of the device.
[0079] In an example, the compute module comprises a microprocessor
based unit coupled to a bus. In an example, the compute module
comprises a signal processing core, a micro processor core for an
operating system, a synchronizing processing core configured to
time stamp, and synchronize incoming information from each of the
FMCW module, IMU module, and UWB module.
[0080] In an example, the device further comprises a real time
processing unit configured to control the FMCW switch or the UWB
switch or other switch requiring a real time switching operation of
less than % milliseconds of receiving feedback from a plurality of
sensors.
[0081] In an example, the device has a graphical processing unit
configured to process information from the artificial intelligence
module. In an example, the artificial intelligence module comprises
an artificial intelligence inference accelerator configured to
apply a trained module using a neural net based process. In an
example, the neural net based process comprises a plurality of
nodes numbered form 1 through N. Further details of the UWB module
can be found throughout the specification and more particularly
below.
[0082] FIG. 9 is a simplified diagram of an ultra-wide band module
900 for the hub according to an example of the present invention.
As shown is ultra-wide band rf sensing apparatus or module. In an
example, the apparatus has at least three antenna arrays 901, 903,
905 configured to sense a back scatter of electromagnetic energy
from spatial location of a zero degree location in relation to a
mid point of the device through a 360 degrees range where each
antenna array is configured to sense a 120 degree range. As shown,
each of the three antenna arrays comprises a support member, a
plurality of transmitting antenna 909 spatially configured on a
first portion of the support member. The support member also has a
transmitting integrated circuit coupled to each of the plurality of
transmitting antenna and configured to transmit an outgoing UWC
signal. Each of the antenna array also has a plurality of receiving
antenna spatially configured on second portion of the support
member. The support member also has a receiving integrated circuit
coupled to each of the plurality of receiving antenna and
configured to receive an incoming UWB signal and configured to
convert the UWC signal into a base band.
[0083] In an example, the device has a triangular configuration
comprising a first antenna array, a second antenna array, and a
third antenna array included in the at least three antenna arrays.
The three arrays provide a 360 degree visibility range as measured
from a horizontal plane, and a 80 degree visibility range as
measured from a vertical plane normal to the horizontal plane. As
previously noted, the three arrays are enclosed in a housing that
provides mechanical support. In an example, each of the sensor
arrays is provided on a substrate member to be configured in the
triangular configuration. The substrate member has a face arranged
in a normal manner in a direction to each of the support
members.
[0084] In an example, the UWB module can operate at a center
frequency of 7.29 GHz and a bandwidth of .about.1.5 GHz with
multiple antenna arrays to achieve the FCC/ETSI compliance
standard. In an example, the module has a combined horizontal
field-of-view of 360 degrees about a center point of the module. In
an example, the module has a range greater than 10 meters, but can
be shorter and longer. In an example, the module is configured to
achieve a transmission and a receive rate of frames per second
(FPS) equal to or greater than 330 per Tx-Rx. In an example, the
module has a combined horizontal field of view of 360 degrees
achieved using three (3) antenna arrays, each of which covering 120
degrees. In an example, each antenna array comprises of 1-TX and
4-RX. Each antenna array is configured to complete the acquisition
of a frame within 1 millisecond or less. Accordingly, a total of
three (3) milliseconds covers all three (3) sectors, achieving a
frame rate of 330 fps per sector (per Tx-Rx) in an example. In an
example, the module has programmability of various parameters
similar to Novelda X4M03 module. In an example, the module is a
hybrid architecture that has four by four radar integrated circuit
devices in MIMO configuration that switches between the three
antenna arrays. The configuration is capable of simultaneous
capturing of all four Rx frames in an antenna array. Further
details of the present UWB module is provided throughout the
present specification and more particularly below.
[0085] FIG. 10 is a simplified diagram 1000 of electrical
parameters according to an example for the ultra-wide band module.
In an example, various parameters are as listed in the table. Each
of the parameters listed are suggested and can be adjusted to
minimize cost and complexity, while still achieving performance. In
an example, the module has a data transfer of 3.2 MBps (e.g., 330
fps.times.200 frame length.times.2 bytes.times.2.times.4
receivers.times.3 modules. In an example, the module can include a
micro controller unit to communicate with X4 SoC through an SPI
interface. In an example, a central processing unit communicates
with a compute module through a serial interface such as a
universal serial bus, i.e., USB. The micro controller is configured
on a board with sufficient memory to store raw data. In an example,
the memory has a capacity of greater than 128 MB such as a 128 MB
SDRAM. Further details of the electrical parameters configured
within a system diagram are provided below.
[0086] FIG. 11 is a simplified system diagram 1100 of the
ultra-wide band module according to an example of the present
invention. As shown, the system has a micro controller 1101, such
as an integrated circuit sold under ATSAM4E16E by Microchip
Technology Inc. of 2355 West Chandler Blvd., Chandler, Ariz., USA
85224-6199. The micro controller has a serial interface, such as
the universal serial interface, USB. The controller is coupled to
random access memory 1105 for storing raw data, and a clock and
other miscellaneous circuits 1103. In an example, the output of the
controller communicates 1107 with four XETHRU X4 SoCs manufactured
by Novelda AS of Norway.
[0087] In an example, the basic components of the X4 SoC are a
transmitter, a receiver, and related control circuits. The system
is controlled by a system controller and is configurable through a
4 (6)-wire serial peripheral interface (SPI). In an example, the X4
receive path (RX) consists of a low noise amplifier (LNA), a
digital-to-analog converter (DAC), 1536 parallel digital
integrators as well as an output memory buffer, accessible through
the SPI. The RX is tightly integrated with the transmitter (TX) and
is designed for coherent integration of the received energy. The X4
transmit path (TX) consists of a pulse generator capable of
generating pulses at a rate of up to 60.75 MHz. The output
frequency and bandwidth are designed to fit worldwide regulatory
requirements. The radar transceiver is able to operate completely
autonomously and can be programmed to capture data at predefined
intervals and then alert or wake up a host MCU or DSP through
dedicated interrupt pins. A power management unit controls the
on-chip voltage regulators and enables low-power applications to
use efficient duty cycling by powering down parts of the circuit
when they are not needed. The system can be configured to consume
less than 1 mW in idle mode when all analog front end components
are turned off. As shown, each of the four X4 SoCs is coupled in
parallel to a switch.
[0088] In an example, the switch 1109 is coupled to each antenna
array as shown. In an example, the switch can be one listed under
HMC241/HMC7992/ADRF5040 SP4T RF Switches of Analog Devices, Inc.
The switches are non-reflective RF switches from DC to 12 GHz for
4G cellular, milcom, and radio applications. Examples of HMC241,
HMC7992, and ADRF5040 are radio frequency (RF)
nonreflective/absorptive single pull, quad throw (SP4T) switches
that can interface with 3.3 V, TTL, LVTTL, CMOS, and LVCMOS logic.
The switches operate from DC to 12 GHz frequency range. The HMC241
is a GaAs MMIC RF switch that operates in the DC to 4 GHz range.
The switch takes a single supply at +5 V. The HMC7992 has a 100 MHz
to 6 GHz frequency range. The ESD rating is for this switch 2 kV
(HBM) class 2. The HMC7992 takes a single voltage supply from
.+-.3.3 V to +5 V. The ADRF5040 comes in a small 4 mm.times.4 mm
LFCSP package and requires a dual .+-.3.3 V supply. The switch
operates in the 9 kHz to 12 GHz range. The ADRF5040 has the added
benefit of being 4 kV (HBM) ESD rating. HMC241, HMC7992, and
ADF5040 are ideal for 4G cellular infrastructure such as base
stations and repeaters as well as military communications and
industrial test and measurement applications. Of course, there can
be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0089] In an example, the UWC module comprises a switch configured
between a plurality of UWC transceivers. The switch is configured
to select one of the three antenna arrays to sense the back
scatters while the other two antenna arrays are turned off. In an
example, the switch is an rf switch such as the one listed under
part number ADRF-5040 manufactured by Analog Devices, Inc. In an
example, the UWC module also has a controller configured to control
the switch and the three antenna array. In an example, the
controller cycles through a predetermined process to decide which
one of the three antenna array to activate while the other two
antenna arrays are turned off.
[0090] In an example, the at least three antenna array are
configured to sense electromagnetic energy ranging from 6 to 8 GHz
in frequency. As noted, the sensing apparatus is spatially
positioned within a center of a geographic location of a room to
detect movement of human user.
[0091] In an example, the present invention provides a method
processing an electromagnetic signal generated from an ultra wide
band rf signal to detect an activity of a human user. Referring to
FIG. 11, the method includes generating a base band outgoing UWC
signal from a transmitting integrated circuit, which is coupled to
a micro controller device. The method includes transferring and
then receiving the base band outgoing UWC signal at a switch
device, which is coupled to the micro controller. The switch is
configured to direct the outgoing UWC signal using the switch
device to one of three antenna arrays. In an example, the three
antenna array have been configured in a triangular configuration to
transmit the outgoing UWC signal from spatial location of a zero
degree location in relation to a mid point of the device through a
360 degrees visibility range where each antenna array is configured
to sense a 120 degree range in a horizontal plane. Each of the
antenna array is configured to sense and transmit at least an 80
degree visibility range as measured from a vertical plane that is
normal to the horizontal plane. In an example, each of the three
antenna arrays comprise a support member, a plurality of
transmitting antenna spatially configured on a first portion of the
support member, a transmitting integrated circuit coupled to each
of the plurality of transmitting antenna and configured to transmit
the outgoing UWC signal. Each of the antenna array also has a
plurality of receiving antenna spatially configured on second
portion of the support member. The antenna array also has a
receiving integrated circuit coupled to each of the plurality of
receiving antenna and configured to receive an incoming UWB signal
and configured to convert the UWC signal into a base band. In an
example, the method also receives a back scattered electromagnetic
signal caused by an activity of a human user redirecting the
outgoing UWB signal. In an example, the received signals are
processed, using the artificial intelligence module to form an
output. Of course, there can be other variations, modifications,
and alternatives.
[0092] FIG. 12 is an example 1200 of antenna array parameters for
the ultra-wide band module according to the present invention. As
shown, each antenna array has one I-Tx and four 4-Rx. Each Tx/Rx is
designed to cover 120 degree azimuth field of view and maximize
elevation field of view as desirable. In an example, serial fed
patch antennas can be used. In an example, the antennas are
fabrication using material such as a Rogers 4350 substrate. In an
example, the antennas can be an integrated WiFi filter, if desired,
optimized for frequencies between 6.0 and 8.5 GHz. In an example,
the antenna is designed for FCC/ETSI Compliant for TX Center
frequency. Of course, there can be other variations, modifications,
and alternatives.
[0093] FIG. 13 is an example of antenna array configuration 1300
for the ultra-wide band module according to the present invention.
As shown, the antenna array is spatially provided on a support
member, such as a board. The antenna array comprises four (4) Rx in
an antenna array that are in a two-dimensional (2D) configuration
as shown. The Rx4 is aligned with Rx1, Rx2 or Rx3, and separated by
lambda over two, as shown. Each of the antennas is separated by
lambda over two, as shown. Of course, there can be other
variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0094] In an example, the present invention provides a method
processing an electromagnetic signal generated from an ultra wide
band rf signal to detect an activity of a human user. In an
example, the method includes generating a base band outgoing UWC
signal. The method also includes receiving the base band outgoing
UWC signal at a switch device and directing the outgoing UWC signal
using the switch device to one of three antenna arrays configured
in a triangular configuration to transmit the outgoing UWC signal
from spatial location of a zero degree location in relation to a
mid point of the device through a 360 degrees visibility range
where each antenna array is configured to sense a 120 degree range
in a horizontal plane. Each of the antenna array is configured to
sense and transmit at least an 80 degree visibility range as
measured from a vertical plane that is normal to the horizontal
plane.
[0095] In an example, each of the three antenna arrays has a
support member, e.g., board, printed circuit board. In an example,
each array has a plurality of transmitting antenna spatially
configured on a first portion of the support member, a transmitting
integrated circuit coupled to each of the plurality of transmitting
antenna and configured to transmit the outgoing UWC signal, a
plurality of receiving antenna spatially configured on second
portion of the support member, and a receiving integrated circuit
coupled to each of the plurality of receiving antenna and
configured to receive an incoming UWB signal and configured to
convert the UWC signal into a base band signal. In an example, the
method includes receiving a back scattered electromagnetic signal
caused by an activity of a human user redirecting the outgoing UWB
signal.
[0096] The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the UWB module comprises a
micro controller unit coupled to a memory resource, and a clock
circuit, the micro controller unit being configured with a
universal serial bus interface coupled to the compute module;
wherein the compute module is configured with the artificial
intelligence module to process information from the back scattered
electro magnetic signal from the base band signal to detect the
activity of the human entity.
[0097] In an example, the support member comprises a major plane
positioned normal to a direction of gravity.
[0098] In an example, the antenna array comprises at least three
antenna array spatially arranged in a triangular configuration
comprising a first antenna array, a second antenna array, and a
third antenna array included in the at least three antenna arrays
to provide a 360 degree visibility range as measured from a
horizontal plane, and a 80 degree visibility range as measured from
a vertical plane normal to the horizontal plane. In an example, the
antenna array comprises at least three antenna array spatially
arranged in a triangular configuration comprising a first antenna
array, a second antenna array, and a third antenna array included
in the at least three antenna arrays to provide a 360 degree
visibility range as measured from a horizontal plane, and a 80
degree visibility range as measured from a vertical plane normal to
the horizontal plane, and further comprising a controller
configured to control a switch coupled with each of the three
antenna array, the controller cycles through a predetermined
process to decide which one of the three antenna array to activate
while the other two antenna arrays are turned off.
[0099] In an example, each antenna array comprises 1-TX and
4-RX.
[0100] In an example, the system has a switch device coupled
between each of the antenna array and four receive lanes each of
which is coupled to the receiving integrated circuit device, one
transmit lane coupled to a transmitting integrated circuit device,
and a micro controller unit coupled to a bus coupled to the
receiving integrated circuit device and the transmitting integrated
circuit device, the micro controller unit coupled to a memory
resource configured with the micro controller to store raw data
from information derived from four receive lanes, the micro
controller unit being coupled to a clock.
[0101] In an example, each antenna array comprises 1 TX and four
RX. In an example, the system has a switch device coupled between
each of the three antenna arrays and four receive lanes each of
which is coupled to the receiving integrated circuit device, one
transmit lane coupled to a transmitting integrated circuit device,
and a micro controller unit coupled to a bus coupled to the
receiving integrated circuit device and the transmitting integrated
circuit device, the micro controller unit coupled to a memory
resource configured with the micro controller to store raw data
from information derived from four receive lanes, the micro
controller unit being coupled to a clock.
[0102] In an example, the present techniques include a method,
apparatus, and device for processing signals. As shown 1400 in FIG.
14, the present FMCW device operates at 24 GHz ISM band with
multiple antenna arrays 1401, 1403, 1405. In an example, the device
has various capabilities, such as a combined horizontal
field-of-view of 360 degrees, a range of .gtoreq.12 meters, a FPS
equal to or greater than 1000 per Tx-Rx, programmability of various
parameters, among other elements. In an example, each of the
antenna array including TX and RX communicates to FMCW modules, as
shown. The three antenna array are arranged in a triangular
configuration, each of which has a viewing range of 120
Degrees.
[0103] Referring now to FIG. 15, the device 1500 has various
elements, such as antenna array 1, antenna array 2, and antenna
array 3. In an example, the device has a 360 degree horizontal
field-of-view to be achieved using three sets of antenna arrays,
each covering 120 degrees (as wide vertical field-of-view as
possible). In an example, each antenna array consists of 2 TX and 4
RX. In an example, the device has an fps of 1000 per TX-RX is
achieved by generating 6 chirps for the 6 TX sequentially within 1
milliseconds. Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives.
[0104] As shown in the Table in FIG. 16, various device parameters
are described. In an example, the parameters listed are suggested
and can be modified or replaced to minimize cost and complexity,
while achieving desired performance. In an example,
[0105] sampled radar data are accessed via USB interface by a
compute module, which is part of the overall system. In an example,
the device has a data transfer rate of 6.14 MBps (e.g., 1000
fps.times.128 samples/frame.times.2 bytes.times.8 antenna.times.3
modules.) In an example, the device has a microcontroller, such as
a one from Cypress Semiconductor, including a memory resource to
store raw radar data. In an example, the device has a memory that
has a capacity of 2 gigabits or greater. In an example, multiple
configurations are described throughout the present specification
and more particularly below.
[0106] In an example, FIG. 17 illustrates a simplified diagram 1700
of a system architecture for the FMCW device according to an
example of the present invention. In an example, the present system
has three antenna array 1701 each of which has 2-TX plus 4-RX
(i.e., 8 virtual array). Each antenna array is coupled to a dual
channel TX, quad channel RX, quad channel AFE RX, and FMCW
frequency generator 1703. In an example, the system has a radio
frequency (RF) module including a dual channel TX under part number
ADF5901 by Analog Devices, Inc. In an example, the system has a
quad channel RX listed under part number ADF5904 by Analog Devices.
The system also has a quad channel AFE RX listed under part number
ADAR7251 by Analog Devices. Additionally, the system has a FMCW
generator listed under ADF4159 by Analog Devices. The system has a
microcontroller 1705 listed under part number Cypress
Microcontroller CYYSB301X, which is coupled to system memory, such
as 2 GB-SDRAM, a SPI interface control between RF module and
microcontroller. The system also has the microcontroller connected
to TCP via a universal serial bus, USB 1707. Of course, there can
be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0107] In an example, FIG. 18 illustrates a simplified diagram 1800
of a system architecture for the FMCW device according to an
example of the present invention. In an example, the system has
three antenna arrays 1801, each of which has 2-TX+4-RX (i.e., 8
virtual array). In an example, the system has an radio frequency
module, RF module 1803. The RF module has a dual channel TX listed
under part number ADF5901 by Analog Devices, Inc. The module has a
quad channel RX listed under ADF5904 by Analog Devices.
[0108] In an example, the system has a processing and acquisition
module 1807. The module has a quad channel AFE RX listed under
ADAR7251 by Analog Devices, and a FMCW generator listed under
ADF4159. The module is coupled to and communicates with a 12
channel--3:1 demux switches 1805 listed under TS3DV621 by Texas
Instruments Incorporated. The system has a microcontroller such as
a Cypress Microcontroller listed under part number CYYSB301X, which
is coupled to a memory resource, such as a 2 GB SDRAM. The system
has a SPI Interface control between RF module and microcontroller.
A USB interface is coupled to TCP 1809. Of course, there can be
other variations, modifications, and alternatives. Further details
can be found in a more detailed diagram 1850 of FIG. 18A, as
described below.
[0109] In an example on a transmit lane 1851 referring to FIG. 18A,
the microcontroller is coupled to a wave form generator to output a
digital signal (e.g., in a register programming) that is converted
in an analog to digital converter to a base band analog signal,
which is fed to the switch. The switch is an analog switch that
selects between one of the three arrays. The base band analog in
transmitted to an RF integrated circuit that configures the base
band analog into the FMCW rf signal to be transmitted via the TX
antenna.
[0110] In an example on a receive lane 1853, four FMCW signals are
received from four RX antenna. The four signals are received in
parallel, and fed to and processed in the Rf integrated circuit to
output corresponding four base band analog signals, each of which
is fed to the switch. The switch allows signals from one of the
three antenna array to be transferred to corresponding analog to
digital converters, each of which are in parallel. Each analog to
digital converter is coupled to the microcontroller. Each analog to
digital converter configures incoming base band signal into
digital, which is fed to the microcontroller. Of course, there can
be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0111] In an example, FIG. 19 illustrates a simplified diagram 1900
of a system architecture for the FMCW device according to an
example of the present invention. The system has three antenna
arrays 1901, each of which has 2-TX+4-RX (i.e., 8 virtual array).
The system has an RF switch 1903 to switch between any one of the
antenna arrays. In an example the system has an rf module and
acquisition module 1905. The RF module and the acquisition module
has a dual channel TX listed under ADF5901 by Analog Devices. The
module has a quad channel RX listed under ADF5904 by Analog
Devices, a quad Channel AFE RX listed under ADAR7251 by Analog
Devices, and a FMCW generator listed under ADF4159 by Analog
Devices. The module has a microcontroller such as the Cypress
Microcontroller listed under CYYSB301X by Cypress Semiconductor,
Inc. The microcontroller is coupled to a memory resource such as a
2 GB-SDRAM device. The system also has an interface such as a SPI
Interface control 1907 between RF module and Cypress
microcontroller. The system also has a serial interface such as the
USB interface to connect to TCP. Of course, there can be other
variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0112] FIG. 20 is a simplified example of an antenna array
according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown,
serial fed patch antennas can be included. In an example, each
antenna array 2001 has 2 TX and 4 RX, or can have variations. In an
example, each RX covers 120 degrees horizontal field-of-view. In an
example, the Rx has a desirable wide vertical field-of-view. In an
example, the antenna array has four (4) RX in an antenna array that
are equally spaced by lambda over two horizontally.
[0113] In an example, each antenna array has two (2) TX in an
antenna array that are spaced by lambda apart horizontally and
lambda over two vertically to form a virtual 2D array with the 4 RX
2003. In an example, the present virtual antenna mapping is
provided to achieve the goal of power balancing the physical
channels across the multiple physical antennas especially when
multiple input multiple output is deployed in the downlink. In an
example, virtual antenna mapping gives an illusion that there are
actually lesser antennas at the base station than it actually has.
The unbalanced balanced power across two transmits paths are
transformed into balanced power at physical antenna ports by
virtual antenna mapping. This is achieved using phase and amplitude
coefficients. Thus both the power amplifiers are optimally used
even for signals transmitted on the first antenna. Of course, there
can be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0114] In an example, use of higher power with FMCW can be used to
capture more granular features, such as breathing, heart rate, and
other small scale features. In an example, lower power and UWB is
desirable for more gross features, which has lower frequency. Lower
frequency can also penetrate walls, and other physical
features.
[0115] In an example, the present invention provides an FMCW sensor
apparatus. The apparatus has at least three transceiver modules.
Each of the transceiver modules has an antenna array to be
configured to sense a back scatter of electromagnetic energy from
spatial location of a zero degree location in relation to a mid
point of the device through a 360 degrees range where each antenna
array is configured to sense a 120 degree range. In an example,
each of the antenna array has a support member, a plurality of
receiving antenna, a receiver integrated circuit coupled to the
receiving antenna and configured to receive an incoming FMCW signal
and covert the incoming FMCW signal into a base band signal, and a
plurality of transmitting antenna. Each antenna array has a
transmitter integrated circuit coupled to the transmitting antenna
to transmit an outgoing FMCW signal. The apparatus has a virtual
antenna array configured from the plurality of receiving antenna
and the plurality of transmitting antenna to form a larger spatial
region using the virtual antenna array, than a physical spatial
region of the plurality of receiving antenna. In an example, the
apparatus has a triangular configuration comprising a first antenna
array, a second antenna array, and a third antenna array included
in the at least three antenna arrays to provide a 360 degree
visibility range as measured from a horizontal plane, and a 80
degree visibility range as measured from a vertical plane normal to
the horizontal plane. The apparatus has a master control board
coupled to each of the support members, and configured in a normal
directional manner with reference to each of the support members.
The apparatus has a housing enclosing the at least three
transceiver modules.
[0116] In an example, the FMCW sensor apparatus comprises a switch
configured between a plurality of FMCW transceivers, such that the
switch is configured to select one of the three antenna arrays to
sense the back scatters while the other two antenna arrays are
turned off. In an example, the antenna array is configured to
process electromagnetic radiation in a frequency range of 24 GHz to
24.25 GHz.
[0117] In an example, apparatus has a controller configured to
control the switch and the three antenna array. In an example, the
controller cycles through a predetermined process to decide which
one of the three antenna array to activate while the other two
antenna arrays are turned off. In an example, the three antenna
array are configured to sense electromagnetic energy in a 24 GHz to
24.25 GHz frequency band. In an example, the sensing apparatus is
spatially positioned within a center of a geographic location of a
room to detect movement of human user. In an example, each of the
sensor arrays is provided on a substrate member to be configured in
the triangular configuration.
[0118] In an example, the apparatus has a housing. The housing has
a maximum length of six to twenty four inches and width of no
longer than six inches. In an example, the housing has sufficient
structural strength to stand upright and protect an interior region
within the housing.
[0119] In an example, the apparatus has a height characterizing the
housing from a bottom region to a top region, a plurality of levels
within the housing numbered from 1 to N, and a speaker device
configured within the housing and over the bottom region. In an
example, the apparatus has a compute module comprising a processing
device over the speaker device, an artificial intelligence module
configured over the compute module, a ultra-wide band ("UWB")
module comprising an antenna array configured over the artificial
intelligence module, and an audio module configured over the FMWC
module. The apparatus has an inertial measurement unit ("IMU")
module configured over the FMCW module.
[0120] In an example, the speaker device, the compute module, the
artificial intelligence module, the UWB module, the FMCW module,
the audio module, and the IMU module are arranged in a stacked
configuration and configured, respectively, in the plurality of
levels numbered from 1 to N.
[0121] In an example, the speaker device comprises an audio output
configured to be included in the housing, the speaker device being
configured to output energy within a 360 degree range from a
midpoint of the device.
[0122] In an example, the compute module comprises a microprocessor
based unit coupled to a bus. In example, the compute module
comprises a signal processing core, a micro processor core for an
operating system, a synchronizing processing core configured to
time stamp, and synchronize incoming information from each of the
FMCW module, IMU module, and UWB module.
[0123] In an example, the apparatus has a real time processing unit
configured to control the FMCW switch or the UWB switch or other
switch requiring a real time switching operation of less than 1/2
milliseconds of receiving feedback from a plurality of sensors. In
an example, the apparatus has a graphical processing unit
configured to process information from the artificial intelligence
module.
[0124] In an example, the artificial intelligence module comprises
an artificial intelligence inference accelerator configured to
apply a trained module using a neural net based process, the neural
net based process comprising a plurality of nodes numbered form 1
through N.
[0125] In an example, the FMCW module comprises at least three
antenna arrays to be configured to sense a back scatter of
electromagnetic energy from spatial location of a zero degree
location in relation to a mid point of the device through a 360
degrees range where each antenna array is configured to sense a 120
degree range.
[0126] In an example, each of the antenna arrays comprises a FMCW
transceiver and a switch configured between each of the FMCW
transceiver and a controller, such that the switch is configured to
select one of the three antenna arrays and the FMWC transceiver to
sense the back scatters while the other two antenna arrays are
turned off, and further comprising a serial interface.
[0127] In an example, the audio module comprises a micro phone
array for detecting energy in a frequency range of sound for
communication and for detecting a sound energy.
[0128] In an example, the UMU module comprises a support substrate,
an electrical interface provided on the support structure, an
accelerometer coupled to the electrical interface, a gyroscope
coupled to the electrical interface, a compass coupled to the
electrical interface, a UV detector configured to detect
ultraviolet radiation coupled to the interface, a pressure sensor
coupled to the interface, and an environmental gas detector
configured and coupled to the interface to detect a chemical
entity.
[0129] In an example, the present invention provides an apparatus
for processing activities of a human user. The apparatus has an
audio module and a compute module coupled to the audio module. The
apparatus has a transceiver module coupled to the compute module.
In an example, the transceiver module has an antenna array to be
configured to sense a back scatter of electromagnetic energy in a
frequency range of 24 GHz to 24.25 GHz from spatial location of a
zero degree location in relation to a mid point of the device
through a 360 degrees range where each antenna array is configured
to sense a 120 degree range.
[0130] In an example, the antenna array comprises a support member,
a plurality of receiving antenna, a receiver integrated circuit
coupled to the receiving antenna and configured to receive an
incoming frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal and
covert the incoming FMCW signal into a base band signal, a
plurality of transmitting antenna, a transmitter integrated circuit
coupled to the transmitting antenna to transmit an outgoing FMCW
signal.
[0131] In an example, the apparatus has a virtual antenna array
configured from the plurality of receiving antenna and the
plurality of transmitting antenna to form a larger spatial region
using the virtual antenna array, than a physical spatial region of
the plurality of receiving antenna. In an example the apparatus has
a master control board coupled to the support member, and
configured in a normal directional manner with reference to the
support member and a housing enclosing the transceiver modules, the
compute module, and the audio module.
[0132] In an example, the present invention has methods using the
apparatus, device, and systems. In an example, the method is for
processing signals from human activities. The method includes
generating an rf signal using a transceiver module coupled to a
compute module and emitting the rf signal using one of three
antenna array and sensing using one of the three antenna array
configured from spatial location of a zero degree location in
relation to a mid point of the three antenna array through a 360
degrees range where each antenna array is configured to sense a 120
degree range to capture a back scatter of electromagnetic energy in
a frequency range of 24 GHz to 24.25 GHz associated with a human
activity.
[0133] In an example, the technique transfers learned information
and activity information to third parties. The technique teaches
itself to learn high level behavior that are indicative of a
persons welfare using artificial intelligence techniques. In an
example, the present technique will then generate summary of such
activities and send it out to the human's loved ones, caretaker or
even emergency response team depending on the urgency of the
situation. For example for regular days, the technique can simply
send short summary like "your mom had a routine activity today", or
"She was much less active today." In an example, where the human
has a care taker visiting few times a week, the technique can send
a notification to them, "It seems she struggles more on yesterday",
so that the care taker can pay a visit to make sure everything is
fine. Alternatively, the technique can be more acute events like
fall, shortness of breathing, or others, that needs quick
attention. In these scenarios, the technique can notify medical
response team to provide immediate help. Of course, there can be
other variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0134] In an example, the present technique can categorize a human
target with the listed ADLs, among others. Examples of ADLs
including among others, bathing, brushing teeth, dressing, using
toilet, eating and drinking, and sleeping. Other ADLs include
preparing meals, preparing drinks, resting, housekeeping, using a
telephone, taking medicine, and others. Ambulatory activities
including among others walking, doing exercise (e.g., running,
cycling), transitional activities (e.g., sit-to-stand, sit-to-lie,
stand-to-sit, lie-to-sit in and out of bed or chair), and
stationary activities (e.g., sits in sofa, stand for a while, lie
in bed or sofa). Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives.
[0135] In an alternative example, the present technique can
determine activities of a human target with any one of the
activities listed. The listed activities, including among others,
and combinations of going out, preparing breakfast, having
breakfast, preparing lunch, having lunch, preparing dinner, having
dinner, washing dishes, having snack, sleeping, watching TV,
studying, having a shower, toileting, having a nap, using the
Internet, reading a book, shaving, brushing teeth, telephone,
listening to music, doing house cleaning, having a conversation,
entertain guest, among others.
[0136] In an example, the present technique can also identify a
rare event. In an example, the technique identifies when a senior
human falls inside a home with no one around. In an example, the
technique is robust, without any false negatives. In an example,
the technique uses looking at sequence of events that are before to
the potential fall and after a potential fall. In an example, the
technique combines the contextual information to robustly determine
if a fall has occurred. Of course, there can be other variations,
modifications, and alternatives.
[0137] In an example, the technique also detects and measures vital
signs of each human target by continuous, non-intrusive method. In
an example, the vital signs of interest include a heart rate and a
respiratory rate, which can provide valuable information about the
human's wellness. Additionally, the heart rate and respiratory rate
can also be used to identify a particular person, if more than two
target humans living in a home. Of course, there can be other
variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0138] By understanding the context of how the target human (e.g.,
elderly) is doing, the technique can also provide valuable feedback
directly to the elderly using a voice interface. For example, the
technique can sense a mood of the human based on sequence of
activities and vital signs of the human and then ask, "Hi do you
want me to call your son". Based upon the feedback from the human,
the technique can help connect to a third party (or loved one) if
their answer is positive. Of course, there can be other
alternatives, variations, and modifications.
[0139] Having described various embodiments, examples, and
implementations, it should be apparent to those skilled in the
relevant art that the foregoing is illustrative only and not
limiting, having been presented by way of example only. Many other
schemes for distributing functions among the various functional
elements of the illustrated embodiment or example are possible. The
functions of any element may be carried out in various ways in
alternative embodiments or examples.
[0140] Also, the functions of several elements may, in alternative
embodiments or examples, be carried out by fewer, or a single,
element. Similarly, in some embodiments, any functional element may
perform fewer, or different, operations than those described with
respect to the illustrated embodiment or example. Also, functional
elements shown as distinct for purposes of illustration may be
incorporated within other functional elements in a particular
implementation. Also, the sequencing of functions or portions of
functions generally may be altered. Certain functional elements,
files, data structures, and so one may be described in the
illustrated embodiments as located in system memory of a particular
or hub. In other embodiments, however, they may be located on, or
distributed across, systems or other platforms that are co-located
and/or remote from each other. For example, any one or more of data
files or data structures described as co-located on and "local" to
a server or other computer may be located in a computer system or
systems remote from the server. In addition, it will be understood
by those skilled in the relevant art that control and data flows
between and among functional elements and various data structures
may vary in many ways from the control and data flows described
above or in documents incorporated by reference herein. More
particularly, intermediary functional elements may direct control
or data flows, and the functions of various elements may be
combined, divided, or otherwise rearranged to allow parallel
processing or for other reasons. Also, intermediate data structures
of files may be used and various described data structures of files
may be combined or otherwise arranged.
[0141] In other examples, combinations or sub-combinations of the
above disclosed invention can be advantageously made. The block
diagrams of the architecture and flow charts are grouped for ease
of understanding. However it should be understood that combinations
of blocks, additions of new blocks, re-arrangement of blocks, and
the like are contemplated in alternative embodiments of the present
invention.
[0142] The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be
regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It
will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes
may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and
scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.
* * * * *