U.S. patent application number 17/477570 was filed with the patent office on 2022-03-17 for liquid hand dishwashing cleaning composition.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Jan Julien Marie-Louise BILLIAUW, Karl Ghislain BRAECKMAN, Katrien Richarde Francoise DECRAENE, Bjorn VANOVERSTRAETE.
Application Number | 20220081649 17/477570 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-03-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220081649 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BILLIAUW; Jan Julien Marie-Louise ;
et al. |
March 17, 2022 |
LIQUID HAND DISHWASHING CLEANING COMPOSITION
Abstract
The need for a hand-dishwashing composition which is highly
effective at removing grease, providing long-lasting suds under
soiled conditions, while having a Newtonian viscosity which is less
sensitive to changes on surfactant and solvent levels, is met by
formulating the liquid hand dishwashing cleaning composition to
comprise a surfactant system having a combination of alkyl sulphate
anionic surfactant having little or no alkoxylation and a blend of
alkyl polyglucoside surfactant.
Inventors: |
BILLIAUW; Jan Julien
Marie-Louise; (Gentbrugge, BE) ; BRAECKMAN; Karl
Ghislain; (Gerpinnes, BE) ; DECRAENE; Katrien
Richarde Francoise; (Gent, BE) ; VANOVERSTRAETE;
Bjorn; (Melle, BE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Procter & Gamble Company |
Cincinnati |
OH |
US |
|
|
Appl. No.: |
17/477570 |
Filed: |
September 17, 2021 |
International
Class: |
C11D 1/94 20060101
C11D001/94; C11D 11/00 20060101 C11D011/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 17, 2020 |
EP |
20196747.8 |
Jun 17, 2021 |
EP |
21180070.1 |
Claims
1. A liquid hand dishwashing cleaning composition comprising from
about 5% to about 50% by weight of the total composition of a
surfactant system, wherein the surfactant system comprises: a) at
least about 40% by weight of the surfactant system of anionic
surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises at least about
50% by weight of the anionic surfactant of alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant, wherein the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant: i. has an
alkyl chain comprising an average of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms; and
ii. has an average degree of alkoxylation of less than about 0.5;
and b) an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant, wherein the alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant is a blend of short chain alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant having an alkyl chain comprising 10 carbon
atoms or less and long chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant having
an alkyl chain comprising greater than 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid hand
dishwashing cleaning composition comprises from about 8% to about
45% by weight of the total composition of the surfactant
system.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant
system comprises from about 45% to about 90% by weight of the
surfactant system of the anionic surfactant.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant has an average degree of alkoxylation of less
than about 0.25.
5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant is free of alkoxylation.
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant has an alkyl chain comprising an average of from
12 to 13 carbon atoms.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the anionic
surfactant comprises at least about 70% by weight of the anionic
surfactant of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the anionic
surfactant comprises at least about 90% by weight of the anionic
surfactant of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.
9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant has an average degree of branching of less than
about 15%, wherein the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant consists of
linear alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.
10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant consists of linear alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant.
11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the linear alkyl
sulfate surfactant comprises alkyl chains which are naturally
derived.
12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant comprises branched alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant such that the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant has an
average degree of branching of at least about 15%.
13. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the branched
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises C2-branched alkyl
sulfate anionic surfactant and non-C2-branched alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant, wherein the weight ratio of non-C2-branched
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant to C2-branched alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant is greater than about 0.5.
14. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the branched
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises C2-branched alkyl
sulfate anionic surfactant and non-C2-branched alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant, wherein the weight ratio of non-C2-branched
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant to C2-branched alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant is from 2:10 to 4:1.
15. The cleaning product according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant has a number average degree of
polymerization of from about 0.1 to about 3.0.
16. The cleaning product according to claim 1, wherein the weight
ratio of short chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant to long chain
alkyl polyglucoside surfactant is from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
17. The cleaning product according to claim 1, wherein the anionic
surfactant and alkyl polyglucoside surfactant are present at a
weight ratio of from greater than about 1:1 to about 10:1.
18. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant
system comprises a co-surfactant selected from the group consisting
of an amphoteric surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant and mixtures
thereof.
19. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the weight ratio
of anionic surfactant to the co-surfactant is from about 1:1 to
about 8:1.
20. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the
co-surfactant is an amphoteric surfactant.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid hand dishwashing
cleaning composition.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Hand-dishwashing cleaning compositions are formulated to be
highly effective at removing grease from soiled dishes, while
sustaining a rich foaming profile during the washing process.
Moreover, a high viscosity is desired since it also connotes
"richness" of the detergent composition. Hand dishwashing
compositions comprising alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant having a
low degree of alkoxylation, or even no alkoxylation, provide a more
favourable grease cleaning performance compared to similar
detergent compositions comprising alkoxylated alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant. However, this is usually at the expense of a reduced
suds mileage in the presence of greasy soils.
[0003] Whether first added to a sink full of water or added
directly to the dish to be washed or to a cleaning implement, the
user expects a consistent usage and product performance experience
during manual dishwashing. This includes the viscosity of the
product as it directly impacts the user dosing experience, e.g. a
low viscous product will flow faster out of the detergent container
than a high viscous product will. As such, in order to provide a
more consistent user experience, a Newtonian viscosity profile is
desired. For products having a Newtonian viscosity, a more constant
liquid flow out of the bottle is achieved even as the pressure
applied to the bottle varies. It is also often desirable to alter
the composition of the detergent composition such as vary the
amount of surfactant or solvent present in order to adjust the
cleaning performance or sudsing profile. However, such changes
typically also result in a change in viscosity against which
formulators need to re-adjust the overall formulation to bring back
the viscosity to target.
[0004] Hence, a need remains for a hand-dishwashing composition
which is highly effective at removing grease, providing
long-lasting suds under soiled conditions, while having a Newtonian
viscosity which is less sensitive to changes on surfactant and
solvent levels.
[0005] WO2019006227A1 relates to a hand dishwashing cleaning
composition which comprises a surfactant system having an alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant, the alkyl polyglucoside surfactant
component allows for a good dissolution profile of the composition
during both manual dishwashing conditions with detergents dosed
into a full sink or detergents directly dosed onto a sponge and
washed under the tap. WO2019006229A1 relates to a hand dishwashing
cleaning composition including a desirable foam rheology profile,
the composition includes a surfactant system comprising an alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant having a mixture of: 60% or more of a
first alkyl polyglucoside surfactant material having an average
carbon chain length between 10 and 12; and 40% or less of a second
alkyl polyglucoside surfactant material having an average alkyl
carbon chain length between 12 and 16. EP application EP20191842
(filed 20 Aug. 2020) relates to a spray dispenser and a cleaning
composition, which provides improved polymeric grease cleaning and
suds mileage, and hence reduced time to clean the dishes, the
cleaning product comprises a spray dispenser and a cleaning
composition, the composition is housed in the spray dispenser and
the cleaning composition comprises anionic surfactant and alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant. EP application EP19216769 (filed 17 Dec.
2019) relates to a cleaning product comprising a spray dispenser
and a cleaning composition, which provides improved crystalline
grease cleaning and good initial sudsing, and hence reduced time to
clean the dishes, the cleaning product comprises a spray dispenser
and a cleaning composition, the composition is housed in the spray
dispenser and wherein the cleaning composition comprises alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant, a co-surfactant selected from amphoteric
surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant and mixtures thereof, and an
organic solvent. EP0466243A1 relates to a process for preparing
secondary alkyl sulfate-containing surface active compositions
substantially free of unreacted organic matter and water.
EP3374486A1 relates to cleaning compositions with improved sudsing
profiles, which contain one or more branched and unalkoxylated
C6-C14 alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants in combination with one or
more linear or branched C4-C11 alkyl or aryl alkoxylated alcohol
nonionic surfactants, such cleaning compositions are particularly
suitable for use in hand-washing fabrics. WO2017079960A1 relates to
cleaning compositions with improved sudsing profiles, which contain
the combination of one or more branched, unethoxylated C6-C14 alkyl
sulfate surfactants with one or more linear, unalkoxylated C6-C18
alkyl sulfate surfactants, such cleaning compositions are
particularly suitable for hand-washing dishes or fabrics.
WO2009143091A1 relates to a light duty liquid detergent composition
that includes a C14-C15 alcohol and alcohol ethoxylate sulfate
surfactant blend as an efficient and effective foaming agent, the
surfactant-based product may be a hand dishwashing liquid, a liquid
skin cleanser or any type of cleaning or cleansing product based on
surfactants, the light duty liquid detergent composition includes
an anionic sulfonate surfactant, an amine oxide, a C14-C15 alcohol
sulfate, and a C14-C15 alcohol ethoxylate sulfate. WO2017097913A1
relates to a dishwashing detergent composition, including an alkyl
sulfate having a branched chain, wherein the refractive index of
the dishwashing detergent composition is 0.10 or more to 0.30 or
less; the viscosity of the dishwashing detergent composition is 800
mPas or more to 1800 mPas or less; and the dishwashing detergent
composition includes the alkyl sulfate in a content of 0.1% by mass
or more to 4.0% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the
dishwashing detergent composition. U.S. Pat. No. 7,939,487B2 and
WO2010027608A2 relate to cleaning compositions with a limited
number of natural ingredients containing an anionic surfactant, a
hydrophilic syndetic, nonionic surfactant and a hydrophobic
syndetic, the cleaning composition can be used to clean laundry,
soft surfaces, and hard surfaces and cleans as well or better than
commercial compositions containing synthetically derived cleaning
agents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention relates to a liquid hand dishwashing
cleaning composition comprising from 5% to 50% by weight of the
total composition of a surfactant system, wherein the surfactant
system comprises at least 40% by weight of the surfactant system of
anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises at
least 50% by weight of the anionic surfactant of alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant, wherein the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant
has an alkyl chain comprising an average of from 8 to 18 carbon
atoms; and has an average degree of alkoxylation of less than 0.5;
and an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant, wherein the alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant is a blend of short chain alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant having an alkyl chain comprising 10 carbon
atoms or less and long chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant having
an alkyl chain comprising greater than 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0007] It has been found that formulating a hand dishwashing
composition which is highly effective at removing grease, provides
long-lasting suds under soiled conditions, while also having a
Newtonian viscosity which is less sensitive to changes on
surfactant and solvent levels, can be provided by formulating the
liquid hand dishwashing cleaning composition to comprise a
surfactant system having a combination of alkyl sulphate anionic
surfactant having little or no alkoxylation and an alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant.
Definitions
[0008] As used herein, articles such as "a" and "an" when used in a
claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or
described.
[0009] The term "comprising" as used herein means that steps and
ingredients other than those specifically mentioned can be added.
This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of." The compositions of the present invention can
comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential
elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well
as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components,
steps, or limitations described herein.
[0010] The term "dishware" as used herein includes cookware and
tableware made from, by non-limiting examples, ceramic, china,
metal, glass, plastic (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene,
polystyrene, etc.) and wood.
[0011] The term "grease" or "greasy" as used herein means materials
comprising at least in part (i.e., at least 0.5 wt % by weight of
the grease) saturated and unsaturated fats and oils, preferably
oils and fats derived from animal sources such as beef, pig and/or
chicken.
[0012] The terms "include", "includes" and "including" are meant to
be non-limiting.
[0013] The term "particulate soils" as used herein means inorganic
and especially organic, solid soil particles, especially food
particles, such as for non-limiting examples: finely divided
elemental carbon, baked grease particle, and meat particles.
[0014] The term "sudsing profile" as used herein refers to the
properties of a cleaning composition relating to suds character
during the dishwashing process. The term "sudsing profile" of a
cleaning composition includes suds volume generated upon dissolving
and agitation, typically manual agitation, of the cleaning
composition in the aqueous washing solution, and the retention of
the suds during the dishwashing process. Preferably, hand
dishwashing cleaning compositions characterized as having "good
sudsing profile" tend to have high suds volume and/or sustained
suds volume, particularly during a substantial portion of or for
the entire manual dishwashing process. This is important as the
consumer uses high suds as an indicator that sufficient cleaning
composition has been dosed. Moreover, the consumer also uses the
sustained suds volume as an indicator that sufficient active
cleaning ingredients (e.g., surfactants) are present, even towards
the end of the dishwashing process. The consumer usually renews the
washing solution when the sudsing subsides. Thus, a low sudsing
cleaning composition will tend to be replaced by the consumer more
frequently than is necessary because of the low sudsing level.
[0015] It is understood that the test methods that are disclosed in
the Test Methods Section of the present application must be used to
determine the respective values of the parameters of Applicants'
inventions as described and claimed herein.
[0016] In all embodiments of the present invention, all percentages
are by weight of the total composition, as evident by the context,
unless specifically stated otherwise. All ratios are weight ratios,
unless specifically stated otherwise, and all measurements are made
at 25.degree. C., unless otherwise designated.
[0017] Cleaning Composition
[0018] The cleaning composition is a hand dishwashing cleaning
composition in liquid form. The cleaning composition is preferably
an aqueous cleaning composition. As such, the composition can
comprise from 50% to 85%, preferably from 50% to 75%, by weight of
the total composition of water.
[0019] The pH of the composition can be from 3.0 to 14, preferably
from 6.0 to 12, more preferably from 8.0 to 10, as measured at 10%
dilution in distilled water at 20.degree. C. The pH of the
composition can be adjusted using pH modifying ingredients known in
the art.
[0020] The composition of the present invention can be Newtonian or
non-Newtonian, preferably Newtonian. Preferably, the composition
has a viscosity of from 50 mPas to 5,000 mPas, more preferably from
300 mPas to 2,000 mPas, or most preferably from 500 mPas to 1,500
mPas, alternatively combinations thereof. The viscosity is measured
at 20.degree. C. with a Brookfield RT Viscometer using spindle 31
with the RPM of the viscometer adjusted to achieve a torque of
between 40% and 60%.
[0021] Surfactant System
[0022] The cleaning composition comprises from 5 to 50%, preferably
from 8% to 45%, more preferably from 15% to 40%, by weight of the
total composition of a surfactant system. The surfactant system
comprises at least 40% by weight of the surfactant system of
anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises at
least 50% by weight of the anionic surfactant of alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant having an alkyl chain comprising an average of
from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and has an average degree of alkoxylation
of less than 0.5, in addition to an alkyl polyglucoside
surfactant.
[0023] Anionic Surfactant
[0024] For improved sudsing, the surfactant system comprises at
least 40%, preferably from 45% to 90%, more preferably from 50 to
80% by weight of the surfactant system of the anionic surfactant.
The anionic surfactant comprises at least 50%, preferably at least
70%, more preferably at least 90% by weight of the anionic
surfactant of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant. Most preferably,
the anionic surfactant consists of alkyl sulfate surfactant, most
preferably primary alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant. As such, while
the surfactant system may comprise small amounts of further anionic
surfactant, including sulfonates such as HLAS, or sulfosuccinate
anionic surfactants, the surfactant system preferably comprises no
further anionic surfactant beyond the alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant.
[0025] The alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant has an alkyl chain
comprising an average of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from
10 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably from 12 to 13 carbon
atoms.
[0026] The alkyl chain of the alkyl sulfated anionic surfactant
preferably has a mol fraction of C12 and C13 chains of at least
50%, preferably at least 65%, more preferably at least 80%, most
preferably at least 90%. Suds mileage is particularly improved,
especially in the presence of greasy soils, when the C13/C12 mol
ratio of the alkyl chain is at least 50/50, preferably from 60/40
to 80/20, most preferably from 60/40 to 70/30, while not
compromising suds mileage in the presence of particulate soils.
[0027] The alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant preferably comprises
alkyl chains which are essentially linear or even fully linear. As
such, the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant can have an average
degree of branching of less than 15%, preferably wherein the alkyl
sulfate anionic surfactant consists of linear alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant, more preferably wherein the linear alkyl sulfate
surfactant comprises alkyl chains which are naturally derived.
Preferred sources of naturally derived alkyl chains include palm
kernel and coconut derived alkyl chains, with palm kernel derived
alkyl chains being more preferred. The naturally derived alkyl
chain can be fractionated in order to provide the desired average
alkyl chain length, as well as to adjust the alkyl chain length
distribution. The C12 to C14 fraction is often referred to as the
mid cut fraction within the naturally derived alkyl chains.
Alternatively, essentially linear alkyl chains can be synthetically
derived using the Ziegler process, or a derivative thereof, a
method for producing fatty alcohols from ethylene using an
organoaluminium compound. The reaction produces linear primary
alcohols with an even numbered carbon chain. Again, the C12-C14
alkyl fraction is preferred and can be fractionated out of the
total Ziegler alcohol.
[0028] Alternatively, the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant can
comprise branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant such that the
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant has an average degree of branching
of at least 15%, preferably from 15% to 50%, more preferably from
20% to 40%. As such, the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant can
comprise a mixture of linear and branched alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant.
[0029] The level of branching in the branched alkyl sulfate or
alkyl alkoxy sulfate used in the detergent composition is
calculated on a molecular basis. Commercially available alkyl
sulfate anionic surfactant blends that are sold as "branched" will
typically comprise a blend of linear alkyl sulfate as well as
branched alkyl sulfate molecules. Commercially available alkyl
alkoxy sulfate anionic surfactant blends that are sold as
"branched" will typically comprise a blend of linear alkyl sulfate,
branched alkyl sulfate, as well as linear alkyl alkoxy sulfate and
branched alkyl alkoxy sulfate molecules. The actual calculation of
the degree of branching is done based on the starting alcohol (and
alkoxylated alcohols for alkyl alkoxy sulfate blends), rather than
on the final sulfated materials, as explained in the weight average
degree of branching calculation below:
[0030] The weight average degree of branching for an anionic
surfactant mixture can be calculated using the following
formula:
Weight average degree of branching (%)=[(x1*wt % branched alcohol 1
in alcohol 1+x2*wt % branched alcohol 2 in alcohol 2+ . . .
)/(x1+x2+ . . . )]*100
[0031] wherein x1, x2, . . . are the weight in grams of each
alcohol in the total alcohol mixture of the alcohols which were
used as starting material before (alkoxylation and) sulphation to
produce the alkyl (alkoxy) sulfate anionic surfactant. In the
weight average degree of branching calculation, the weight of the
alkyl alcohol used to form the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant
which is not branched is included.
[0032] The weight average degree of branching and the distribution
of branching can typically be obtained from the technical data
sheet for the surfactant or constituent alkyl alcohol.
Alternatively, the branching can also be determined through
analytical methods known in the art, including capillary gas
chromatography with flame ionisation detection on medium polar
capillary column, using hexane as the solvent. The weight average
degree of branching and the distribution of branching is based on
the starting alcohol used to produce the alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant.
[0033] The branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprises
C2-branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant and non-C2-branched
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant. The weight ratio of
non-C2-branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant to C2-branched
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant is greater than 0.5, preferably
from 1.0:1 to 5:1, more preferably from 2:1 to 4:1.
[0034] C2-branched means the alkyl branching is a single alkyl
branching on the alkyl chain of the alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant and is positioned on the C2 position, as measured
counting carbon atoms from the sulfate group for non-alkoxylated
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants, or counting from the
alkoxy-group furthest from the sulfate group for alkoxylated alkyl
sulfate anionic surfactants.
[0035] Non-C2 branching means the alkyl chain comprises branching
at multiple carbon positions along the alkyl chain backbone, or a
single branching group present on a branching position on the alkyl
chain other than the C2 position.
[0036] The non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant can
comprise less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably
less than 10% by weight of the non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant of C1-branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant,
most preferably the non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant is free of C1-branched alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant.
[0037] The non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant can
comprise at least 50%, preferably from 60 to 90%, more preferably
from 70 to 80% by weight of the non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant of isomers comprising a single branching at a
branching position greater than the 2-position. That is, more than
2 carbons atoms away from the hydrophilic headgroup, as defined
above. The non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant can
comprise from 5% to 30%, preferably from 7% to 20%, more preferably
from 10% to 15% by weight of the non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant of multi branched isomers. The non-C2 branched
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant can comprise from 5% to 30%,
preferably from 7% to 20%, more preferably from 10% to 15% by
weight of non-C2 branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of
cyclic isomers. If present, the acyclic branching groups can be
selected from C1 to C5 alkyl groups, and mixtures thereof.
[0038] It has been found that formulating the compositions using
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants having the aforementioned
branching distribution and little or no ethoxylation results in
reduced viscosensitivity with variations in the starting alcohol
used to make the alkyl sulfate surfactant, while also improving
product stability, even at low temperatures, and ability to reach
higher finished product viscosities, without compromising on suds
mileage and grease cleaning.
[0039] Moreover, such compositions require less solvent in order to
achieve good physical stability at low temperatures. As such, the
compositions can comprise lower levels of organic solvent, of less
than 5.0% by weight of the cleaning composition of organic solvent,
while still having good low temperature stability. Higher
surfactant branching also provides faster initial suds generation,
but typically less suds mileage. The weight average branching,
described herein, has been found to improve low temperature
stability, initial foam generation and suds longevity.
[0040] The alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant has an average degree
of alkoxylation of less than 0.5, preferably less than 0.25, more
preferably less than 0.1, and most preferably, the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant is free of alkoxylation. As such, the alkyl
sulfate surfactant comprises less than 10% preferably less than 5%
by weight of the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of an alkoxylated
alkyl sulfate surfactant, more preferably wherein the alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant is free of an alkoxylated alkyl sulfate
surfactant. If alkoxylated, the alkyl sulfated anionic surfactant
is preferably ethoxylated.
[0041] The average degree of alkoxylation is the mol average degree
of alkoxylation (i.e., mol average alkoxylation degree) of all the
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant. Hence, when calculating the mol
average alkoxylation degree, the mols of non-alkoxylated sulfate
anionic surfactant are included:
Mol average alkoxylation degree=(x1*alkoxylation degree of
surfactant 1+x2*alkoxylation degree of surfactant 2+ . . .
)/(x1+x2+ . . . )
[0042] wherein x1, x2, . . . are the number of moles of each alkyl
(or alkoxy) sulfate anionic surfactant of the mixture and
alkoxylation degree is the number of alkoxy groups in each alkyl
sulfate anionic surfactant.
[0043] Detergent compositions comprising alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactants having high degrees of ethoxylation have typically been
more sensitive to changes in starting alcohol type used to produce
the alkyl ethoxy sulfate anionic surfactant and to the type and
level of solvents used in the formulation, resulting in large
changes in the finished product viscosity. As such, it is often
more difficult to reformulate compositions to take advantage of
changes in raw material costs and/or supply availability, or in
support of advertising claims around suds mileage or overall
cleaning performance, while meeting the finished product viscosity
requirements.
[0044] If ethoxylated alkyl sulfate is present, without wishing to
be bound by theory, through tight control of processing conditions
and feedstock material compositions, both during alkoxylation
especially ethoxylation and sulfation steps, the amount of
1,4-dioxane by-product within alkoxylated especially ethoxylated
alkyl sulfates can be reduced. Based on recent advances in
technology, a further reduction of 1,4-dioxane by-product can be
achieved by subsequent stripping, distillation, evaporation,
centrifugation, microwave irradiation, molecular sieving or
catalytic or enzymatic degradation steps. Processes to control
1,4-dioxane content within alkoxylated/ethoxylated alkyl sulfates
have been described extensively in the art. Alternatively
1,4-dioxane level control within detergent formulations has also
been described in the art through addition of 1,4-dioxane
inhibitors to 1,4-dioxane comprising formulations, such as
5,6-dihydro-3-(4-morpholinyl)-1-[4-(2-oxo-1-piperidinyl)-phenyl]-2-(1-H)--
pyridone, 3-.alpha.-hydroxy-7-oxo stereoisomer-mixtures of cholinic
acid, 3-(N-methyl amino)-L-alanine, and mixtures thereof.
[0045] Suitable counterions for the anionic surfactant include
alkali metal cation earth alkali metal cation, alkanolammonium or
ammonium or substituted ammonium, but preferably sodium.
[0046] Such Fischer Tropsch alcohols as non-C2 branched alkyl
sources can be complemented with OXO-process derived alcohols such
as Neodol, Lial or Isalchem alcohols as C2-branched alkyl sources
and/or natural mid cut fractionated alcohols to achieve the desired
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant of use in the present to the
invention. Alternative C2-branched alkyl sources than or in
addition to OXO-process derived alcohols are those described in
applications U.S. 63/035,125 and U.S. 63/035,131. Suitable alcohol
blends for alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants according to the
invention include (% by weight of total alcohol blend): 50% Safol
23A, 30% Neodol 3, 20% mid-cut fractionated natural alcohol; 50%
Safol 23A, 30% Neodol 3, 20% C13 alcohol as disclosed in
applications U.S. 63/035,125 and U.S. 63/035,131; and 30% Safol
23A, 30% Neodol 3, 20% mid-cut fractionated natural alcohol and 20%
C13 alcohol as disclosed in applications U.S. 63/035,125 and U.S.
63/035,131. Preferred mid-cut fractionated natural alcohols within
these such blends are palm kernel derived alcohols. These preferred
palm kernel derived mid-cut fractionated natural alcohols typically
comprise about 65% C12, 29% C14 and 6% C16 alcohols by weight of
the palm kernel derived mid-cut fractionated natural alcohol.
Alternative suitable mid-cut fractionated alcohols are coconut
derived mid-cut fractionated alcohols which have a similar alkyl
chain distribution within the mid-cut fractionated alcohol to the
palm kernel derived mid-cut fractionated alcohol.
[0047] Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactant
[0048] The surfactant system can comprise the alkyl polyglucoside
surfactant at a level of from 1% to 10%, preferably from 2% to 8%,
more preferably from 3% to 7%, by weight of the detergent
composition. Alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactants are typically
more sudsing than other nonionic surfactants such as alkyl
ethoxlated alcohols.
[0049] A combination of alkylpolyglucoside and alkyl sulfate
anionic surfactant has been found to improved polymerized grease
removal, suds mileage performance, reduced viscosity variation with
changes in the surfactant and/or system, and a more sustained
Newtonian rheology.
[0050] The alkyl polyglucoside surfactant comprises a blend of
short chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant having an alkyl chain
comprising 10 carbon atoms or less, and mid to long chain alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant having an alkyl chain comprising greater
than 10 carbon atoms to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 14
carbon atoms.
[0051] Short chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactants have a monomodal
chain length distribution between C8-C10 and hence have an average
alkyl chain length of from C8-C10, mid to long chain alkyl
polyglucoside surfactants have a monomodal chain length
distribution between C10-C18 and hence have an average alkyl chain
length of from C10-C18, while mid chain alkyl polyglucoside
surfactants have a monomodal chain length distribution between
C12-C14 and hence have an average alkyl chain length of from
C12-C14. In contrast, C8 to C18 alkyl polyglucoside surfactants
typically have a monomodal distribution of alkyl chains between C8
and C18, as with C8 to C16 and the like. As such, a combination of
short chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactants with mid to long chain
or mid chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactants have a broader
distribution of chain lengths, or even a bimodal distribution, than
non-blended C8 to C18 alkyl polyglucoside surfactants. Preferably,
the weight ratio of short chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant to
long chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant is from 1:1 to 10:1,
preferably from 1.5:1 to 5:1, more preferably from 2:1 to 4:1. It
has been found that a blend of such short chain alkyl polyglucoside
surfactant and long chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant results in
faster dissolution of the detergent solution in water and improved
initial sudsing, in combination with improved suds stability.
[0052] The alkyl polyglucoside surfactant can have a number average
degree of polymerization of from 0.1 to 3.0, preferably from 1.0 to
2.0, more preferably from 1.2 to 1.6.
[0053] The anionic surfactant and alkyl polyglucoside surfactant
can be present at a weight ratio of from greater than 1:1 to 10:1,
preferably from 1.5:1 to 5:1, more preferably from 2:1 to 4:1
[0054] C8-C16 alkyl polyglucosides are commercially available from
several suppliers (e.g., Simusol.RTM. surfactants from Seppic
Corporation; and Glucopon.RTM. 600 CSUP, Glucopon.RTM. 650 EC,
Glucopon.RTM. 600 CSUP/MB, and Glucopon.RTM. 650 EC/MB, from BASF
Corporation). Glucopon.RTM. 215UP is a preferred short chain APG
surfactant. Glucopon.RTM. 600CSUP is a preferred mid to long chain
APG surfactant.
[0055] In preferred compositions, the surfactant system can
comprise an alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant having an average
degree of branching of less than 10% and alkyl polyglucoside
nonionic surfactant.
[0056] Co-Surfactant
[0057] In order to improve surfactant packing after dilution and
hence improve suds mileage, the surfactant system can further
comprise a co-surfactant.
[0058] Preferred co-surfactants are selected from the group
consisting of an amphoteric surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant,
and mixtures thereof. The co-surfactant is preferably an amphoteric
surfactant, more preferably an amine oxide surfactant.
[0059] The weight ratio of anionic surfactant to the co-surfactant
can be from 1:1 to 8:1, preferably from 2:1 to 5:1, more preferably
from 2.5:1 to 4:1.
[0060] The surfactant system can comprise from 0.1% to 20%,
preferably from 0.5% to 15%, more preferably from 2% to 10% by
weight of the cleaning composition of the co-surfactant. The
surfactant system of the cleaning composition of the present
invention can comprise from 10% to 40%, preferably from 15% to 35%,
more preferably from 20% to 30%, by weight of the surfactant system
of the co-surfactant.
[0061] The amine oxide surfactant can be linear or branched, though
linear are preferred. Suitable linear amine oxides are typically
water-soluble, and characterized by the formula R1-N(R2)(R3) O
wherein R1 is a C8-18 alkyl, and the R2 and R3 moieties are
selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl groups, C1-3
hydroxyalkyl groups, and mixtures thereof. For instance, R2 and R3
can be selected from the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl,
propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl and
3-hydroxypropyl, and mixtures thereof, though methyl is preferred
for one or both of R2 and R3. The linear amine oxide surfactants in
particular may include linear C10-C18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides
and linear C8-C12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxides.
[0062] Preferably, the amine oxide surfactant is selected from the
group consisting of: alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, alkyl amido propyl
dimethyl amine oxide, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl dimethyl amine
oxides are preferred, such as C8-18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, or
C10-16 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides (such as coco dimethyl amine
oxide). Suitable alkyl dimethyl amine oxides include C10 alkyl
dimethyl amine oxide surfactant, C10-12 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
surfactant, C12-C14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide surfactant, and
mixtures thereof. C12-C14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide are
particularly preferred. Preferably, the alkyl chain of the alkyl
dimethyl amine oxide is a linear alkyl chain, preferably a C12-C14
alkyl chain, more preferably a C12-C14 alkyl chain derived from
coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
[0063] Alternative suitable amine oxide surfactants include
mid-branched amine oxide surfactants. As used herein,
"mid-branched" means that the amine oxide has one alkyl moiety
having n1 carbon atoms with one alkyl branch on the alkyl moiety
having n2 carbon atoms. The alkyl branch is located on the .alpha.
carbon from the nitrogen on the alkyl moiety. This type of
branching for the amine oxide is also known in the art as an
internal amine oxide. The total sum of n1 and n2 can be from 10 to
24 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 20, and more preferably from
10 to 16. The number of carbon atoms for the one alkyl moiety (n1)
is preferably the same or similar to the number of carbon atoms as
the one alkyl branch (n2) such that the one alkyl moiety and the
one alkyl branch are symmetric. As used herein "symmetric" means
that |n1-n2| is less than or equal to 5, preferably 4, most
preferably from 0 to 4 carbon atoms in at least 50 wt %, more
preferably at least 75 wt % to 100 wt % of the mid-branched amine
oxides for use herein. The amine oxide further comprises two
moieties, independently selected from a C1-3 alkyl, a C1-3
hydroxyalkyl group, or a polyethylene oxide group containing an
average of from 1 to 3 ethylene oxide groups. Preferably, the two
moieties are selected from a C1-3 alkyl, more preferably both are
selected as C1 alkyl.
[0064] Alternatively, the amine oxide surfactant can be a mixture
of amine oxides comprising a mixture of low-cut amine oxide and
mid-cut amine oxide. The amine oxide of the composition of the
invention can then comprises: [0065] a) from 10% to 45% by weight
of the amine oxide of low-cut amine oxide of formula R1R2R3AO
wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4
alkyls or mixtures thereof, and R3 is selected from C10 alkyls and
mixtures thereof; and [0066] b) from 55% to 90% by weight of the
amine oxide of mid-cut amine oxide of formula R4R5R6AO wherein R4
and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyls or
mixtures thereof, and R6 is selected from C12-C16 alkyls or
mixtures thereof
[0067] In a preferred low-cut amine oxide for use herein R3 is
n-decyl, with preferably both R1 and R2 being methyl. In the
mid-cut amine oxide of formula R4R5R6AO, R4 and R5 are preferably
both methyl.
[0068] Preferably, the amine oxide comprises less than 5%, more
preferably less than 3%, by weight of the amine oxide of an amine
oxide of formula R7R8R9AO wherein R7 and R8 are selected from
hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyls and mixtures thereof and wherein R9 is
selected from C8 alkyls and mixtures thereof. Limiting the amount
of amine oxides of formula R7R8R9AO improves both physical
stability and suds mileage.
[0069] Suitable zwitterionic surfactants include betaine
surfactants. Such betaine surfactants includes alkyl betaines,
alkylamidobetaine, amidazoliniumbetaine, sulphobetaine (INCI
Sultaines) as well as the Phosphobetaine, and preferably meets
formula (I):
R.sup.1--[CO--X(CH.sub.2).sub.n].sub.x--N.sup.+(R.sup.2)(R.sub.3)--(CH.s-
ub.2).sub.m--[CH(OH)--CH.sub.2].sub.y--Y.sup.-
[0070] wherein in formula (I),
[0071] R1 is selected from the group consisting of: a saturated or
unsaturated C6-22 alkyl residue, preferably C8-18 alkyl residue,
more preferably a saturated C10-16 alkyl residue, most preferably a
saturated C12-14 alkyl residue;
[0072] X is selected from the group consisting of: NH, NR4 wherein
R4 is a C1-4 alkyl residue, O, and S,
[0073] n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5, more
preferably 3,
[0074] x is 0 or 1, preferably 1,
[0075] R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group
consisting of: a C1-4 alkyl residue, hydroxy substituted such as a
hydroxyethyl, and mixtures thereof, preferably both R2 and R3 are
methyl,
[0076] m is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably 1, 2 or 3,
[0077] y is 0 or 1, and
[0078] Y is selected from the group consisting of: COO, SO3,
OPO(OR5)O or P(O)(OR5)O, wherein R5 is H or a C1-4 alkyl
residue.
[0079] Preferred betaines are the alkyl betaines of formula (IIa),
the alkyl amido propyl betaine of formula (IIb), the sulphobetaines
of formula (IIc) and the amido sulphobetaine of formula (IId):
R.sup.1--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2--CH.sub.2COO.sup.- (IIa)
R.sup.1--CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2--CH.sub.2COO.-
sup.- (IIb)
R.sup.1--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2--CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2SO.sub.3.sup.-
(IIc)
R.sup.1--CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2--CH.sub.2CH(O-
H)CH.sub.2SO.sub.3.sup.- (IId)
[0080] in which R1 has the same meaning as in formula (I).
Particularly preferred are the carbobetaines [i.e. wherein
Y.sup.-.dbd.COO-- in formula (I)] of formulae (IIa) and (IIb), more
preferred are the alkylamidobetaine of formula (IIb).
[0081] Suitable betaines can be selected from the group consisting
or [designated in accordance with INCI]: capryl/capramidopropyl
betaine, cetyl betaine, cetyl amidopropyl betaine, cocamidoethyl
betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocobetaines, decyl betaine, decyl
amidopropyl betaine, hydrogenated tallow betaine/amidopropyl
betaine, isostearamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine,
lauryl betaine, myristyl amidopropyl betaine, myristyl betaine,
oleamidopropyl betaine, oleyl betaine, palmamidopropyl betaine,
palmitamidopropyl betaine, palm-kernelamidopropyl betaine,
stearamidopropyl betaine, stearyl betaine, tallowamidopropyl
betaine, tallow betaine, undecylenamidopropyl betaine, undecyl
betaine, and mixtures thereof. Preferred betaines are selected from
the group consisting of: cocamidopropyl betaine, cocobetaines,
lauramidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, myristyl amidopropyl
betaine, myristyl betaine, and mixtures thereof. Cocamidopropyl
betaine is particularly preferred.
[0082] Further Nonionic Surfactant
[0083] The surfactant system can comprise a further nonionic
surfactant, in addition to the alkyl polyglucoside surfactant. It
is believed that the addition of the further nonionic surfactant
reduces viscosensitivity towards variations in starting alcohol in
the alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, and improved the ability to
reach the desired viscosity values as well as improving low
temperature stability, suds mileage and grease cleaning, which
means that less branching at positions greater than C2 is required
in the alkyl sulfate surfactant. As such, the addition of the
further nonionic surfactant enables more flexibility in the choice
of starting alcohols of use to make the alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant of the present compositions.
[0084] The further nonionic surfactant is preferably selected from
the group consisting of: alkoxylated alkyl alcohol, and mixtures
thereof, more preferably the further nonionic surfactant is
selected from ethoxylated alcohols.
[0085] The detergent composition can comprise the further nonionic
surfactant at a level of less than 20%, preferably less than 15%,
more preferably from 5% to 10% by weight of the surfactant
system.
[0086] Suitable alkoxylated non-ionic surfactants can be linear or
branched, primary or secondary alkyl alkoxylated non-ionic
surfactants. The alkoxylated nonionic surfactant can comprise on
average of from 8 to 18, preferably from 9 to 15, more preferably
from 10 to 14 carbon atoms in its alkyl chain.
[0087] Alkyl ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant are preferred.
Suitable alkyl ethoxylated non-ionic surfactants can comprise an
average of from 5 to 12, preferably from 6 to 10, more preferably
from 7 to 8, units of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Such
alkyl ethoxylated nonionic surfactants can be derived from
synthetic alcohols, such as OXO-alcohols and Fisher Tropsh
alcohols, or from naturally derived alcohols, or from mixtures
thereof. Suitable examples of commercially available alkyl
ethoxylate nonionic surfactants include, those derived from
synthetic alcohols sold under the Neodol.RTM. brand-name by Shell,
or the Lial.RTM., Isalchem.RTM., and Safol.RTM. brand-names by
Sasol, or some of the natural alcohols produced by The Procter
& Gamble Chemicals company.
[0088] Further Ingredients:
[0089] The composition can comprise further ingredients such as
those selected from: amphiphilic alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines,
cyclic polyamines, triblock copolymers, salts, hydrotropes, organic
solvents, other adjunct ingredients such as those described herein,
and mixtures thereof.
[0090] Amphiphilic Alkoxylated Polyalkyleneimine:
[0091] The composition of the present invention may further
comprise from 0.05% to 2%, preferably from 0.07% to 1% by weight of
the total composition of an amphiphilic polymer. Suitable
amphiphilic polymers can be selected from the group consisting of:
amphiphilic alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine and mixtures thereof. The
amphiphilic alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymer has been found to
reduce gel formation on the hard surfaces to be cleaned when the
liquid composition is added directly to a cleaning implement (such
as a sponge) before cleaning and consequently brought in contact
with heavily greased surfaces, especially when the cleaning
implement comprises a low amount to nil water such as when light
pre-wetted sponges are used.
[0092] A preferred amphiphilic alkoxylated polyethyleneimine
polymer has the general structure of formula (I):
##STR00001##
[0093] wherein the polyethyleneimine backbone has a weight average
molecular weight of 600, n of formula (I) has an average of 10, m
of formula (I) has an average of 7 and R of formula (I) is selected
from hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and mixtures thereof,
preferably hydrogen. The degree of permanent quaternization of
formula (I) may be from 0% to 22% of the polyethyleneimine backbone
nitrogen atoms. The molecular weight of this amphiphilic
alkoxylated polyethyleneimine polymer preferably is between 10,000
and 15,000 Da.
[0094] More preferably, the amphiphilic alkoxylated
polyethyleneimine polymer has the general structure of formula (I)
but wherein the polyethyleneimine backbone has a weight average
molecular weight of 600 Da, n of Formula (I) has an average of 24,
m of Formula (I) has an average of 16 and R of Formula (I) is
selected from hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and mixtures
thereof, preferably hydrogen. The degree of permanent
quaternization of Formula (I) may be from 0% to 22% of the
polyethyleneimine backbone nitrogen atoms and is preferably 0%. The
molecular weight of this amphiphilic alkoxylated polyethyleneimine
polymer preferably is between 25,000 and 30,000, most preferably
28,000 Da.
[0095] The amphiphilic alkoxylated polyethyleneimine polymers can
be made by the methods described in more detail in PCT Publication
No. WO 2007/135645.
[0096] Cyclic Polyamine
[0097] The composition can comprise a cyclic polyamine having amine
functionalities that helps cleaning. The composition of the
invention preferably comprises from 0.1% to 3%, more preferably
from 0.2% to 2%, and especially from 0.5% to 1%, by weight of the
composition, of the cyclic polyamine.
[0098] The cyclic polyamine has at least two primary amine
functionalities. The primary amines can be in any position in the
cyclic amine but it has been found that in terms of grease
cleaning, better performance is obtained when the primary amines
are in positions 1,3. It has also been found that cyclic amines in
which one of the substituents is --CH3 and the rest are H provided
for improved grease cleaning performance
[0099] Accordingly, the most preferred cyclic polyamine for use
with the cleaning composition of the present invention are cyclic
polyamine selected from the group consisting of:
2-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine, 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine
and mixtures thereof. These specific cyclic polyamines work to
improve suds and grease cleaning profile through-out the
dishwashing process when formulated together with the surfactant
system of the composition of the present invention.
[0100] Suitable cyclic polyamines can be supplied by BASF, under
the Baxxodur tradename, with Baxxodur ECX-210 being particularly
preferred.
[0101] A combination of the cyclic polyamine and magnesium sulphate
is particularly preferred. As such, the composition can further
comprise magnesium sulphate at a level of from 0.001% to 2.0%,
preferably from 0.005% to 1.0%, more preferably from 0.01% to 0.5%
by weight of the composition.
[0102] Triblock Copolymer
[0103] The composition of the invention can comprise a triblock
copolymer. The triblock co-polymers can be present at a level of
from 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 0.5% to 7.5%, more preferably
from 1% to 5%, by weight of the total composition. Suitable
triblock copolymers include alkylene oxide triblock co-polymers,
defined as a triblock co-polymer having alkylene oxide moieties
according to Formula (I): (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x, wherein EO represents
ethylene oxide, and each x represents the number of EO units within
the EO block. Each x can independently be on average of from 5 to
50, preferably from 10 to 40, more preferably from 10 to 30.
Preferably x is the same for both EO blocks, wherein the "same"
means that the x between the two EO blocks varies within a maximum
2 units, preferably within a maximum of 1 unit, more preferably
both x's are the same number of units. PO represents propylene
oxide, and y represents the number of PO units in the PO block.
Each y can on average be from between 28 to 60, preferably from 30
to 55, more preferably from 30 to 48.
[0104] Preferably the triblock co-polymer has a ratio of y to each
x of from 3:1 to 2:1. The triblock co-polymer preferably has a
ratio of y to the average x of 2 EO blocks of from 3:1 to 2:1.
Preferably the triblock co-polymer has an average weight percentage
of total EO of between 30% and 50% by weight of the tri-block
co-polymer. Preferably the triblock co-polymer has an average
weight percentage of total PO of between 50% and 70% by weight of
the triblock co-polymer. It is understood that the average total
weight % of EO and PO for the triblock co-polymer adds up to 100%.
The triblock co-polymer can have an average molecular weight of
between 2060 and 7880, preferably between 2620 and 6710, more
preferably between 2620 and 5430, most preferably between 2800 and
4700. Average molecular weight is determined using a 1H NMR
spectroscopy (see Thermo scientific application note No.
AN52907).
[0105] Triblock co-polymers have the basic structure ABA, wherein A
and B are different homopolymeric and/or monomeric units. In this
case A is ethylene oxide (EO) and B is propylene oxide (PO). Those
skilled in the art will recognize the phrase "block copolymers" is
synonymous with this definition of "block polymers".
[0106] Triblock co-polymers according to Formula (I) with the
specific EO/PO/EO arrangement and respective homopolymeric lengths
have been found to enhances suds mileage performance of the liquid
hand dishwashing detergent composition in the presence of greasy
soils and/or suds consistency throughout dilution in the wash
process.
[0107] Suitable EO-PO-EO triblock co-polymers are commercially
available from BASF such as Pluronic.RTM. PE series, and from the
Dow Chemical Company such as Tergitol.TM. L series. Particularly
preferred triblock co-polymer from BASF are sold under the
tradenames Pluronic.RTM. PE6400 (MW ca 2900, ca 40 wt % EO) and
Pluronic.RTM. PE 9400 (MW ca 4600, 40 wt % EO). Particularly
preferred triblock co-polymer from the Dow Chemical Company is sold
under the tradename Tergitol.TM. L64 (MW ca 2700, ca 40 wt %
EO).
[0108] Preferred triblock co-polymers are readily biodegradable
under aerobic conditions.
[0109] The composition of the present invention may further
comprise at least one active selected from the group consisting of:
salt, hydrotrope, organic solvent, and mixtures thereof.
[0110] Salt:
[0111] The composition of the present invention may comprise from
0.05% to 2%, preferably from 0.1% to 1.5%, or more preferably from
0.5% to 1%, by weight of the total composition of a salt,
preferably a monovalent or divalent inorganic salt, or a mixture
thereof, more preferably selected from: sodium chloride, sodium
sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Sodium chloride is most
preferred.
[0112] Hydrotrope:
[0113] The composition of the present invention may comprise from
0.1% to 10%, or preferably from 0.5% to 10%, or more preferably
from 1% to 10% by weight of the total composition of a hydrotrope
or a mixture thereof, preferably sodium cumene sulfonate.
[0114] Organic Solvent:
[0115] The composition can comprise from 0.1% to 10%, or preferably
from 0.5% to 10%, or more preferably from 1% to 10% by weight of
the total composition of an organic solvent. Suitable organic
solvents include organic solvents selected from the group
consisting of: alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers, and mixtures
thereof, preferably alcohols, glycols, and mixtures thereof.
Ethanol is the preferred alcohol. Polyalkyleneglycols, especially
polypropyleneglycol (PPG), are the preferred glycol. The
polypropyleneglycol can have a molecular weight of from 400 to
3000, preferably from 600 to 1500, more preferably from 700 to
1300. The polypropyleneglycol is preferably
poly-1,2-propyleneglycol.
[0116] Adjunct Ingredients
[0117] The cleaning composition may optionally comprise a number of
other adjunct ingredients such as builders (preferably citrate),
chelants, conditioning polymers, other cleaning polymers, surface
modifying polymers, structurants, emollients, humectants, skin
rejuvenating actives, enzymes, carboxylic acids, scrubbing
particles, perfumes, malodor control agents, pigments, dyes,
opacifiers, pearlescent particles, inorganic cations such as
alkaline earth metals such as Ca/Mg-ions, antibacterial agents,
preservatives, viscosity adjusters (e.g., salt such as NaCl, and
other mono-, di- and trivalent salts) and pH adjusters and
buffering means (e.g. carboxylic acids such as citric acid, HCl,
NaOH, KOH, alkanolamines, carbonates such as sodium carbonates,
bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates, and alike).
[0118] Method of Washing
[0119] The compositions of the present invention can be used in
methods of manually washing dishware. Suitable methods can include
the steps of delivering a composition of the present invention to a
volume of water to form a wash solution and immersing the dishware
in the solution. The dishware is cleaned with the composition in
the presence of water.
[0120] Typically from 0.5 mL to 20 mL, preferably from 3 mL to 10
mL of the detergent composition, preferably in liquid form, can be
added to the water to form the wash liquor. The actual amount of
detergent composition used will be based on the judgment of the
user, and will typically depend upon factors such as the particular
product formulation of the detergent composition, including the
concentration of active ingredients in the detergent composition,
the number of soiled dishes to be cleaned, the degree of soiling on
the dishes, and the like.
[0121] The detergent composition can be combined with from 2.0 L to
20 L, typically from 5.0 L to 15 L of water to form a wash liquor,
such as in a sink. The soiled dishware is immersed in the wash
liquor obtained, before scrubbing the soiled surface of the
dishware with a cloth, sponge, or similar cleaning implement. The
cloth, sponge, or similar cleaning implement is typically contacted
with the dishware for a period of time ranged from 1 to 10 seconds,
although the actual time will vary with each application and user
preferences.
[0122] Optionally, the dishware can be subsequently rinsed. By
"rinsing", it is meant herein contacting the dishware cleaned with
the process according to the present invention with substantial
quantities water. By "substantial quantities", it is meant usually
from 1.0 to 20 L, or under running water.
[0123] Alternatively, the composition herein can be applied in its
neat form to the dishware to be treated. By "in its neat form", it
is meant herein that said composition is applied directly onto the
surface to be treated, or onto a cleaning device or implement such
as a brush, a sponge, a nonwoven material, or a woven material,
without undergoing any significant dilution by the user
(immediately) prior to application. "In its neat form", also
includes slight dilutions, for instance, arising from the presence
of water on the cleaning device, or the addition of water by the
consumer to remove the remaining quantities of the composition from
a bottle. Therefore, the composition in its neat form includes
mixtures having the composition and water at ratios ranging from
50:50 to 100:0, preferably 70:30 to 100:0, more preferably 80:20 to
100:0, even more preferably 90:10 to 100:0 depending on the user
habits and the cleaning task.
[0124] Such methods of neat application comprise the step of
contacting the liquid hand dishwashing detergent composition in its
neat form, with the dish. The composition may be poured directly
onto the dish from its container. Alternatively, the composition
may be applied first to a cleaning device or implement such as a
brush, a sponge, a nonwoven material, or a woven material. The
cleaning device or implement, and consequently the liquid
dishwashing composition in its neat form, is then directly
contacted to the surface of each of the soiled dishes, to remove
said soiling. The cleaning device or implement is typically
contacted with each dish surface for a period of time range from 1
to 10 seconds, although the actual time of application will depend
upon factors such as the degree of soiling of the dish. The
contacting of said cleaning device or implement to the dish surface
is preferably accompanied by concurrent scrubbing
[0125] Subsequently, the dishware can be rinsed, either by
submersing in clean water or under running water.
Test Methods
[0126] The following assays set forth must be used in order that
the invention described and claimed herein may be more fully
understood.
[0127] Viscosity:
[0128] The viscosity is measured at 20.degree. C. using a
Brookfield RT Viscometer using spindle 31 with the RPM of the
viscometer adjusted to achieve a torque of between 40% and 60%.
[0129] The viscosity profile upon shearing is measured at
20.degree. C. using a Discovery HR-1 Hybrid Rheometer (TA
Instruments) using a shear-rate sweep of from 0.10.sup.-1 to
1000s.sup.-1, after a 30 second zero-shear equilibration step.
[0130] Suds Mileage:
[0131] The objective of the Suds Mileage Index test is to compare
the evolution over time of suds volume generated for different test
formulations at specified water hardness, solution temperatures and
formulation concentrations, while under the influence of periodic
soil injections. Data are compared and expressed versus a reference
composition as a suds mileage index (reference composition has suds
mileage index of 100). The steps of the method are as follows:
[0132] 1. A defined amount of a test composition, depending on the
targeted composition concentration (here: 0.12 wt %), is dispensed
through a plastic pipette at a flow rate of 0.67 mL/sec at a height
of 37 cm above the bottom surface of a sink (dimension: 300 mm
diameter and 288 mm height) into a water stream (here: water
hardness: 0.712, 2.49, 5.34 meq/1, water temperature: 42.degree.
C.) that is filling up the sink to 4 L with a constant pressure of
4 bar. [0133] 2. An initial suds volume generated (measured as
average foam height X sink surface area and expressed in cm.sup.3)
is recorded immediately after end of filling. [0134] 3. A fixed
amount (6 mL) of soil is immediately injected into the middle of
the sink. [0135] 4. The resultant solution is mixed with a metal
blade (10 cm.times.5 cm) positioned in the middle of the sink at
the air liquid interface under an angle of 45 degrees rotating at
85 RPM for 20 revolutions. [0136] 5. Another measurement of the
total suds volume is recorded immediately after end of blade
rotation. [0137] 6. Steps 3-5 are repeated until the measured total
suds volume reaches a minimum level of 400 cm.sup.3. The amount of
added soil that is needed to get to the 400 cm.sup.3 level is
considered as the suds mileage for the test composition. [0138] 7.
Each test composition is tested 4 times per testing condition
(i.e., water temperature, composition concentration, water
hardness, soil type). [0139] 8. The average suds mileage is
calculated as the average of the 4 replicates for each sample.
[0140] 9. Calculate a Suds Mileage Index by comparing the average
mileage of a test composition sample versus a reference composition
sample. The calculation is as follows:
[0140] Suds Mileage Index=(average number of soil additions of test
composition/average number of soil additions of reference
composition)*100
[0141] The soil composition is produced through standard mixing of
the components described in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Particulate Soil Weight Ingredient % Zwan
Flemish Carbonades 22.67 Beaten Eggs 4.78 Smash Instant Mash Potato
9.26 McDougall's Sponge Mix 3.30 Milk UHT Full Cream 22.22 Bisto
Gravy Granules 1.30 Mazola .RTM. Pure Corn Oil 9.29 Demineralized
water 26.32 Sodium Benzoate 0.42 Potassium Sorbate 0.42
[0142] Polymerized Grease Cleaning:
[0143] A soil composition comprising 75% of a blend of vegetable
based cooking oils (by weight, 1/3 Wheat germ oil, 1/3 Sunflower
oil and 1/3 Peanut oil, sourced from Vandenmoortel Belgium), 25% of
Albumin powder from Chicken Egg, (White, Grade II, sourced from
Sigma Chemicals) and 0.05% of Oil Red Dye (Lumogen F Rot 305,
sourced from BASF) was prepared by homogeneously mixing the
components at room temperature.
[0144] New tiles (8 cm by 25 cm stainless steel tiles, grade AISI
304, source from Lasertek, Belgium) were preconditioned by baking
them at 135.degree. C. for 2 hrs and subsequently cleaning them
first with Dreft Original (Belgium) dishwashing liquid detergent
followed by a cleaning step using ethanol. The preconditioning
process was repeated 4 times.
[0145] 0.6-0.7 g of the above soil composition was homogeneously
applied using a paint roller made from synthetic sponge (7 cm
length.times.6 cm diameter roller, for instance, as sourced from
BRICO, HUBO, or GAMMA Belgium) to the stainless-steel tiles. The
soiled tiles were subsequently baked for 2 h 45 minutes in an oven
(for example, WTC Binder Type Series M240 or IP20) set at
135.degree. C., followed by cooling for 24 h at a relative humidity
of 70% and 25.degree. C. (For instance, using a Climatic Control
Cabinet--Type HC0033 or type VC0033, sourced from Heraus Votsch
Belgium).
[0146] The tiles were placed on four cleaning tracks of a
straight-line sheen machine tester (Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester Ref.
903PG/SA/B-Source: Sheen Instruments Limited).
[0147] New cellulosic sponges (Artikel Nr. 33100200 Materialnummer
Z 1470000 Zuschnitt Schwamm, feinporig 90.times.40.times.40,
sourced from MAPA GmbH, Bereich SPONTEX Industrie Germany), were
preconditioned by boil washing in a washing machine in the absence
of detergent 3 times. The sponges were pre-wetted with
demineralised water at 20.degree. C. and squeezed until no water
drained from the sponge anymore, resulting in a sponge weight of 21
g+/-1 g). The sponges were cut to dimensions to fit the sponge
holders of the straight-line sheen machine tester (9 cm.times.4
cm). 10 ml of a 20% weight test product solution in 2.5 meq/1 water
at 20.degree. C. was poured onto each sponge. Four sponges, each
comprising a different test product solution, were placed under
normal lab conditions (20.degree. C., 40% rH) on the sponge holder
of the sheen machine. A weight of 200 g was placed on top of the
sponges and the sheen machine was set at a moving speed of 20
cycles/minute, with a stroke length of 35 cm to 40 cm. Progression
of cleaning was visually assessed and the number of cycles needed
to completely clean the tile was reported. The test result of 8
external replicates (i.e. 8 tiles, each product tested once on a
tile) were averaged and reported as an index versus a reference
product set at 100. A higher removal index represents improved
grease cleaning efficacy. Testing products were rotated over the
different sponge slots between external replicates in order to
eliminate any bias from the testing tracks of the sheen tester.
EXAMPLE
[0148] The finished product rheology, visco-sensitivity upon active
level increase, as well as polymerized grease cleaning and suds
mileage performance in the presence of greasy or particulate soil
was evaluated for compositions of the present invention and
comparative compositions.
[0149] The following inventive and comparative liquid hand
dishwashing detergent compositions were prepared by mixing together
of the individual raw materials at room temperature using a batch
type process.
[0150] Inventive examples 1 and 2 comprised non-alkoxylated linear
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant and alkyl polyglucoside nonionic
surfactant, with example 2 comprising 25% more anionic surfactant
and amphoteric surfactant.
[0151] Comparative example A comprised the same level of anionic
surfactant and amphoteric surfactant as example 1, but did not
comprise alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant, and a lower level
of ethanol was added to ensure that comparative example A had a
similar viscosity to that of example 1. Example B comprised the
same level of anionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant as
example 2 but did not comprise alkyl polyglucoside nonionic
surfactant. Comparative example C was similar to comparative
example A, but comprised an alkyl ethoxylated anionic surfactant
(ethoxylation degree 0.6) instead of an alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant, and the ethanol level was adjusted to provide a
viscosity that was similar to inventive example 1 and comparative
example A. Comparative example D was similar to comparative example
C, but comprised alkyl polyglucoside surfactant and the same level
of ethanol as inventive examples 1 and 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2a Hand dishwashing detergent compositions of
the present invention (Ex 1 and Ex 2, and comparative examples (Ex
A to Ex D): Wt % (as 100% active) Ex 1 Ex 2 Ex A Ex B Ex C Ex D
Sodium lauryl sulfate.sup.1 15.84 19.9 15.84 19.9 -- -- Sodium
C12-C13 EO0.6 sulfate.sup.2 -- -- -- -- 15.84 15.84 C12-C14
dimethyl amine oxide 5.66 7.1 5.66 7.1 5.66 5.66 C8-10 alkyl
polyglucoside.sup.3 3.75 3.75 -- -- -- 3.75 C10-16 alkyl
polyglucoside.sup.4 1.75 1.75 -- -- -- 1.75 Ethanol 4.0 4.0 2.34
4.0 1.5 4.0 Poly-1,2-propylene glycol 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
(MW1000 g/mol).sup.5 Perfume, dye, preservative 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16
2.16 2.16 Water to to to to to to 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% pH
(as 10% solution in demi 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 water, trimmed
with HCl) .sup.1Linear .sup.218% branched .sup.3Glucopon 215UP,
supplied by BASF .sup.4Glucopon 600CSUP, supplied by BASF
.sup.5weight average molecular weight
[0152] Inventive example 3 was similar to example 1 but comprised
non-alkoxylated branched (30.4% branched) alkyl sulfate anionic
surfactant, with the addition of 0.5% by weight of the composition
of sodium chloride and a level of ethanol to provide a viscosity of
about 1,400 cps. Inventive example 4 was similar to example 3 but
comprised 25% more anionic surfactant and amphoteric
surfactant.
[0153] Comparative examples E and F are the same as inventive
examples 3 and 4 respectively, except that they did not comprise
alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2b Hand dishwashing detergent compositions of
the present invention (Ex 1 and Ex 2, and comparative examples (Ex
A to Ex D): Wt % (as 100% active) Ex 3 Ex 4 Ex E Ex F Sodium
C12-C13 sulfate 15.84 19.9 15.84 19.9 (branched).sup.6 C12-C14
dimethyl amine oxide 5.66 7.1 5.66 7.1 C8-10 alkyl
polyglucoside.sup.2 3.75 3.75 -- -- C10-16 alkyl
polyglucoside.sup.3 1.75 1.75 -- -- NaCl 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Ethanol
2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 Poly-1,2-propylene glycol 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 (MW1000
g/mol).sup.4 Perfume, dye, preservative 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 Water
to to to to 100% 100% 100% 100% pH (as 10% solution in 9.0 9.0 9.0
9.0 demi water, trimmed with HCl) .sup.630.4% branched
[0154] The resultant viscosity, rheology profile (whether Newtonian
or shear thinning), suds mileage in the presence of particulate
soil, and efficacy in removing polymerized grease is shown
below:
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3a The resultant viscosity, rheology profile
(whether Newtonian or shear thinning), suds mileage in the presence
of particulate soil, and efficacy in removing polymerized grease
for inventive compositions example 1 and example 2, and for
comparative examples A to D) Ex 1 Ex 2 Ex A Ex B Ex C Ex D Sodium
lauryl sulfate.sup.1 15.84 19.9 15.84 19.9 -- -- Sodium C12-C13
EO0.6 sulfate.sup.2 -- -- -- -- 15.84 15.84 C12-C14 dimethyl amine
oxide 5.66 7.1 5.66 7.1 5.66 5.66 C8-10 alkyl polyglucoside.sup.2
3.75 3.75 -- -- -- 3.75 C10-16 alkyl polyglucoside.sup.3 1.75 1.75
-- -- -- 1.75 Ethanol 4.0 4.0 2.34 4.0 1.5 4.0 Total surfactant
27.0 32.5 21.5 27.0 21.5 27.0 Viscosity (cps) 765 1550 750 1870 405
432 Rheology profile Newtonian (N) or N N N S N S shear thinning
(S) Suds mileage (particulate soil) 2 gpg 100 83 75 80 7 gpg 100 86
72 76 15 gpg 100 96 82 86 Polymerised grease cleaning 100 90 35
39
[0155] Comparative example A differs from example 1 of the
invention by not comprising alkyl polyglucoside nonionic
surfactant. In addition, the level of ethanol was reduced in order
to increase the viscosity of the composition to that of example
1.
[0156] From comparing the viscosities of example 1 and 2 with the
viscosities of comparative examples A and B, the alkyl
polyglucoside in the compositions of the present invention results
in less viscosity variation with changes in surfactant level
(viscosity change of 785 cps for the inventive compositions and
1120 cps for the comparative compositions). As such, less
formulation effort (such as changing the levels of solvent, salt
and other viscosity modifying agents) is needed in order to provide
the same user experience as the formulation is changed. The
viscosity difference without the presence of the alkyl
polyglucoside would have been much greater if comparative example B
comprised the same level of ethanol as in comparative example A,
since ethanol reduces the composition viscosity.
[0157] Comparing example 1 with comparative example D, the
combination of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprising little
or no alkoxylation with the alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant
results in a more Newtonian viscosity profile, as well as a higher
viscosity compared to the similar formulation comprising alkyl
ethoxy sulfate anionic surfactant. The more Newtonian viscosity and
higher viscosity both lead to a more consistent and pleasant
dispensing experience for the user.
[0158] By comparing the suds mileage from example 1 with that from
comparative examples A, C, and D, it is clear that the combination
of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprising little or no
alkoxylation and the alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant
results in a synergistic improvement in suds mileage across all
water hardness, in the presence of particulate soil.
[0159] By comparing the polymerized grease cleaning from example 1
with that from comparative examples A, C, and D, it is clear that
the combination of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprising
little or no alkoxylation and the alkyl polyglucoside nonionic
surfactant also results in an improved in polymerized grease
removal.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3b The resultant viscosity, rheology profile
(whether Newtonian or shear thinning) for inventive compositions
example 3 and example 4, and for comparative examples E and F): Wt
% (as 100% active) Ex 3 Ex 4 Ex E Ex F Sodium C12-C13 sulfate
(branched).sup.6 15.84 19.9 15.84 19.9 C12-C14 dimethyl amine oxide
5.66 7.1 5.66 7.1 C8-10 alkyl polyglucoside.sup.2 3.75 3.75 -- --
C10-16 alkyl polyglucoside.sup.3 1.75 1.75 -- -- NaCl 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.5 Ethanol 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 Total surfactant 27.0 32.5 21.5 27.0
Viscosity (cps) 1405 1557 1380 2560
[0160] From the results of table 3b, it can be seen that the
reduced visco-sensitivity upon active level change, from the
combination of alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant comprising little
or no alkoxylation and the alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant,
is also present when a branched alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant is
used instead of a linear alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant.
[0161] The following inventive and comparative liquid hand
dishwashing detergent compositions were prepared by mixing together
of the individual raw materials at room temperature using a batch
type process.
[0162] Inventive examples 5 and 6 comprised non-alkoxylated linear
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, amine oxide amphoteric surfactant
and a blend of C8-10 alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant and
C10-16 alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant, with example 6
comprising 20% more anionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant
than example 5. Examples 5 and 6 comprised non-alkoxylated linear
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant and amine oxide surfactant in a
weight ratio of 2.8:1.
[0163] Inventive examples 7 and 8 comprised non-alkoxylated linear
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant, amine oxide amphoteric surfactant
and a blend of C8-10 alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant and
C10-16 alkyl polyglucoside nonionic surfactant, with example 8
comprising 20% more anionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant
than example 7. Examples 7 and 8 comprised non-alkoxylated linear
alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant and amine oxide surfactant in a
weight ratio of 8.7:1.
[0164] Comparative examples G and H comprised the same levels of
anionic surfactant and amine oxide amphoteric surfactant as
examples 7 and 8 respectively, but comprises a single alkyl
polyglucoside nonionic surfactant (C8-14 alkyl polyglucoside
nonionic surfactant) in place of the alkyl polyglucoside blend of
examples 7 and 8. A higher level of ethanol was added to ensure
that comparative example G had a similar viscosity to that of
example 7.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4a Hand dishwashing detergent compositions of
the present invention (Ex 5 to Ex 8, and comparative examples (Ex G
to Ex H): Wt % (as 100% active) Ex 5 Ex 6 Ex 7 Ex 8 Ex G Ex H
Sodium lauryl sulfate.sup.1 14.6 18.3 17.8 22.3 17.8 22.3 C12-C14
dimethyl amine oxide 5.2 6.6 2 2.6 2 2.6 C8-10 alkyl
polyglucoside.sup.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 -- -- C10-16 alkyl
polyglucoside.sup.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 -- -- C8-14 alkyl
polyglucoside.sup.6 -- -- -- -- 5.1 5.1 Ethanol 4 4 0.15 0.15 2.2
2.2 Poly-1,2-propylene glycol 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 (MW1000
g/mol).sup.5 Perfume, dye, preservative 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16
2.16 Water to to to to to to 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% pH (as
10% solution in demi 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 water, trimmed with
HCl) .sup.6Glucopon 650, supplied by BASF
[0165] The resultant viscosity of the compositions is shown
below:
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 5a The resultant viscosity for inventive
compositions example 5 to 8, and for comparative examples G to H)
Wt % (as 100% active) Ex 5 Ex 6 Ex 7 Ex 8 Ex G Ex H Sodium lauryl
sulfate.sup.1 14.6 18.3 17.8 22.3 17.8 22.3 C12-C14 dimethyl amine
oxide 5.2 6.6 2 2.6 2 2.6 C8-10 alkyl polyglucoside.sup.3 3.5 3.5
3.5 3.5 -- -- C10-16 alkyl polyglucoside.sup.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 --
-- C8-14 alkyl polyglucoside.sup.6 -- -- -- -- 5.1 5.1 Ethanol 4 4
0.15 0.15 2.2 2.2 Total surfactant 24.9 30 24.9 30 24.9 30 Ratio
anionic surfactant:co- 2.8:1 2.8:1 8.7:1 8.7:1 8.7:1 8.7:1
surfactant Viscosity (cps) 318 2014 300 3180 350 5250
[0166] From comparing the viscosities of examples 7 and 8 with the
viscosities of comparative examples G and H, the use of a blend of
short chain alkyl polyglucoside surfactant having an alkyl chain
comprising 10 carbon atoms or less and long chain alkyl
polyglucoside surfactant having an alkyl chain comprising greater
than 10 to 16 carbon atoms results in less viscosity variation with
changes in surfactant level (viscosity change of 2880 cps for the
inventive compositions and 4900 cps for the comparative
compositions).
[0167] From comparing the viscosities of examples 5 and 6 with the
viscosities of examples 7 and 8, it can be seen that the
viscosensitivity is reduced further by formulating the compositions
to have a weight ratio of anionic surfactant to co-surfactant of
from 1:1 to 8:1, preferably from 2:1 to 5:1, more preferably from
2.5:1 to 4:1.
[0168] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm"
[0169] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced
or related patent or application and any patent application or
patent to which this application claims priority or benefit
thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety
unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any
document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to
any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in
any combination with any other reference or references, teaches,
suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent
that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts
with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document
incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to
that term in this document shall govern.
[0170] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *