U.S. patent application number 17/419513 was filed with the patent office on 2022-03-17 for low viscosity liquid nicotine formulation.
This patent application is currently assigned to Philip Morris Products S.A.. The applicant listed for this patent is Philip Morris Products S.A.. Invention is credited to Robert EMMETT, Jean-Pierre SCHALLER, Aline VUARNOZ-BIZE.
Application Number | 20220079210 17/419513 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000006051213 |
Filed Date | 2022-03-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220079210 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
EMMETT; Robert ; et
al. |
March 17, 2022 |
LOW VISCOSITY LIQUID NICOTINE FORMULATION
Abstract
A liquid nicotine formulation for an aerosol-generating system
is provided, the liquid nicotine formulation including: glycerine
and having a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to
about 20 mPas, wherein the liquid nicotine formulation being a
substantially uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation, and the
liquid nicotine formulation having a glycerine content of greater
than or equal to about 6 percent by weight. A cartridge for an
aerosol-generating system, and an aerosol-generating system, are
also provided.
Inventors: |
EMMETT; Robert; (Neuchatel,
CH) ; SCHALLER; Jean-Pierre; (Neuchatel, CH) ;
VUARNOZ-BIZE; Aline; (Neuchatel, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Philip Morris Products S.A. |
Neuchatel |
|
CH |
|
|
Assignee: |
Philip Morris Products S.A.
Neuchatel
CH
|
Family ID: |
1000006051213 |
Appl. No.: |
17/419513 |
Filed: |
December 31, 2019 |
PCT Filed: |
December 31, 2019 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2019/087202 |
371 Date: |
June 29, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 31/465 20130101;
A24F 40/05 20200101; A24F 40/46 20200101; A24F 40/10 20200101; A24B
15/167 20161101 |
International
Class: |
A24B 15/167 20060101
A24B015/167; A24F 40/05 20060101 A24F040/05; A24F 40/46 20060101
A24F040/46; A24F 40/10 20060101 A24F040/10; A61K 31/465 20060101
A61K031/465 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215964.0 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215966.5 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215969.9 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215976.4 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215983.0 |
Claims
1.-15. (canceled)
16. A liquid nicotine formulation for an aerosol-generating system,
the liquid nicotine formulation comprising: glycerine and having a
viscosity at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 20 mPas,
wherein the liquid nicotine formulation is a substantially
uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation, and wherein the liquid
nicotine formulation has a glycerine content of greater than or
equal to about 6 percent by weight.
17. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, wherein
the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of
less than or equal to about 12 mPas.
18. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, wherein
the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of
greater than or equal to about 1 mPas.
19. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, further
comprising water, wherein the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water content of greater than or equal to about 30 percent by
weight.
20. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 19, wherein
a weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation
is at least about 0.8 times a weight percent water-miscible solvent
content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
21. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 18, further
comprising one or more water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 100
mg/ml, wherein the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about
2 percent by weight.
22. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 21, wherein
the one or more water-immiscible solvents comprise one or more
partially water-soluble solvents having a water solubility at
20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml.
23. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 22, wherein
the one or more water-immiscible solvents comprise one or more
water-insoluble solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree. C.
of less than or equal to about 5 mg/ml.
24. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 18, further
comprising one or more water-soluble organic acids, wherein the
liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid
content of greater than or equal to about 2 percent by weight.
25. A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system, the cartridge
containing a liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16.
26. The cartridge according to claim 25, further comprising an
atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine
formulation.
27. An aerosol-generating system, comprising: a liquid nicotine
formulation according to claim 16; and an atomiser configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
28. The cartridge according to claim 26, wherein the atomiser is a
non-thermal atomiser.
29. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 27, wherein
the atomiser is a non-thermal atomiser.
30. The cartridge according to claim 26, wherein the atomiser is a
thermal atomiser comprising a heater and a liquid transport element
configured to transport liquid nicotine formulation to the
heater.
31. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 27, wherein
the atomiser is a thermal atomiser comprising a heater and a liquid
transport element configured to transport liquid nicotine
formulation to the heater.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a liquid nicotine formulation for
use in an aerosol-generating system. In particular, the invention
relates to a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an
aerosol-generating system comprising a non-thermal atomiser. The
invention also relates to a cartridge for an aerosol-generating
system comprising the liquid nicotine formulation and an
aerosol-generating system comprising the liquid nicotine
formulation and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from
the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0002] Aerosol-generating systems for delivering nicotine to a user
that comprise an atomiser configured to generate an inhalable
aerosol from a liquid nicotine formulation are known. Some known
aerosol-generating systems comprise a thermal atomiser such as an
electric heater that is configured to heat and vaporise the liquid
nicotine formulation to generate an aerosol. Other known
aerosol-generating systems comprise a non-thermal atomiser that is
configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine
formulation using, for example, impinging jet, ultrasonic or
vibrating mesh technologies.
[0003] In such aerosol-generating systems, pulmonary delivery of
the inhalable aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine
formulation is important for user palatability and satisfaction.
Nicotine adsorption through the pulmonary alveoli is rapid and
efficient. By contrast, nicotine adsorption in the upper airways is
slower and less efficient. Nicotine adsorption in the upper airways
may also undesirably be perceived by a user as having a sensorial
harshness and induce mouth and throat irritation.
[0004] The lung deposition characteristics and hence efficacy of
the inhalable aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine
formulation depend on the particle or droplet size of the aerosol.
Typically, a small particle or droplet size is desired to maximise
pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention. In particular, it is
believed that a particle or droplet size of less than or equal to
about 5 micrometres in diameter may be desirable to maximise
pulmonary delivery.
[0005] To enhance pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention, it
would be desirable to provide a liquid nicotine formulation for use
in an aerosol-generating system that facilitates generation of an
aerosol having a small droplet size. For example, it would be
desirable to provide a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an
aerosol-generating system that facilitates generation of an aerosol
having a particle or droplet size of less than or equal to about 5
micrometres in diameter.
[0006] According to the invention there is provided a liquid
nicotine formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system, the
liquid nicotine formulation having a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of
less than or equal to about 20 millipascal seconds (mPas).
[0007] According to the invention there is also provided a
cartridge for use in an aerosol-generating system, the cartridge
containing a liquid nicotine formulation having a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 20 millipascal seconds
(mPas).
[0008] According to the invention there is further provided an
aerosol-generating system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation
having a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about
20 millipascal seconds (mPas); and an atomiser configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0009] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"liquid nicotine formulation" describes a liquid formulation
comprising nicotine.
[0010] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"nicotine" describes nicotine, nicotine base or a nicotine salt. In
embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation comprises a
nicotine base or a nicotine salt, the amounts of nicotine recited
herein are the amount of free base nicotine or amount of protonated
nicotine, respectively.
[0011] When used in an aerosol-generating system, the low viscosity
of the liquid nicotine formulation according to the invention
facilitates generation of an inhalable aerosol having a small
particle or droplet size. This may advantageously enhance pulmonary
nicotine delivery and retention.
[0012] As discussed further below, use of the liquid nicotine
formulation according to the invention in an aerosol-generating
system comprising a non-thermal atomiser is particularly
advantageous.
[0013] The liquid nicotine formulation may comprise natural
nicotine or synthetic nicotine.
[0014] Unless stated otherwise, viscosity values recited herein are
the viscosity of an 8 millilitre (mL) sample volume of liquid
nicotine formulation measured using a Brookfield RVDV-II +Pro
viscometer fitted with a Brookfield Small Sample Adapter comprising
a cylindrical SC4-13R Sample Chamber and a cylindrical SC4-21
Spindle at a speed of 100 revolutions per minute (rpm).
[0015] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 18 mPas or less than
or equal to about 16 mPas.
[0016] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity
at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 14 mPas. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 12 mPas. For example,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at 20.degree.
C. of less than or equal to about 10 mPas.
[0017] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity
at 20.degree. C. of greater than or equal to about 0.75 mPas. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of greater than or equal to about 1 mPas. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of greater than or equal to about 1.25 mPas, greater
than or equal to about 1.5 mPas or greater than or equal to about
1.75 mPas.
[0018] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.75 mPas and about 18 mPas. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of between about 1 mPas and about 18 mPas, between
about 1.25 mPas and about 18 mPas, between about 1.5 mPas and about
18 mPas or between about 1.75 mPas and about 18 mPas.
[0019] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.75 mPas and about 16 mPas. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of between about 1 mPas and about 16 mPas, between
about 1.25 mPas and about 16 mPas, between about 1.5 mPas and about
16 mPas or between about 1.75 mPas and about 16 mPas.
[0020] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a viscosity
at 20.degree. C. of between about 0.75 mPas and about 14 mPas. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of between about 1 mPas and about 14 mPas, between
about 1.25 mPas and about 14 mPas, between about 1.5 mPas and about
14 mPas or between about 1.75 mPas and about 14 mPas.
[0021] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
viscosity at 20.degree. C. of between about 0.75 mPas and about 12
mPas. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
viscosity at 20.degree. C. of between about 1 mPas and about 12
mPas, between about 1.25 mPas and about 12 mPas, between about 1.5
mPas and about 12 mPas or between about 1.75 mPas and about 12
mPas.
[0022] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.75 mPas and about 10 mPas. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a viscosity at
20.degree. C. of between about 1 mPas and about 10 mPas, between
about 1.25 mPas and about 10 mPas, between about 1.5 mPas and about
10 mPas or between about 1.75 mPas and about 10 mPas.
[0023] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content
of greater than or equal to about 0.5 percent by weight.
[0024] Unless stated otherwise, percentages by weight of components
of the liquid nicotine formulation recited herein are based on the
total weight of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0025] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine
content of greater than or equal to about 1 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content
of greater than or equal to about 1.5 percent by weight.
[0026] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content
of less than or equal to about 10 percent by weight. The liquid
nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of less than or
equal to about 8 percent by weight.
[0027] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine
content of less than or equal to about 5 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content
of less than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
[0028] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content
of between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 10 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
nicotine content of between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 8
percent by weight, between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 5
percent by weight or between about 0.5 percent by weight and about
3 percent by weight.
[0029] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine
content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 10 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
nicotine content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 8
percent by weight, between about 1 percent by weight and about 5
percent by weight or between about 1 percent by weight and about 3
percent by weight.
[0030] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
nicotine content of between about 1.5 percent by weight and about
10 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation
may have a nicotine content of between about 1.5 percent by weight
and about 8 percent by weight, between about 1.5 percent by weight
and about 5 percent by weight or between about 1.5 percent by
weight and about 3 percent by weight.
[0031] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water.
[0032] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
greater than or equal to about 10 percent by weight, greater than
or equal to about 15 percent by weight or greater than or equal to
about 20 percent by weight.
[0033] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of greater than or equal to about 30 percent by weight. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content
of greater than or equal to about 35 percent by weight or greater
than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
[0034] Inclusion of at least about 25 percent by weight water
advantageously facilitates attainment of a liquid nicotine
formulation having a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of less than or
equal to about 20 mPas.
[0035] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of less than or equal to about 90 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water content of
less than or equal to about 85 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of less than
or equal to about 80 percent by weight, less than or equal to about
75 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 70 percent by
weight or less than or equal to about 65 percent by weight.
[0036] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 10 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 85 percent
by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 80 percent
by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75 percent
by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 70 percent
by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about 65
percent by weight.
[0037] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 15 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 85 percent
by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 80 percent
by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 75 percent
by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 70 percent
by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 65 percent
by weight.
[0038] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 20 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 85 percent
by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 80 percent
by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 75 percent
by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 70 percent
by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about 65
percent by weight.
[0039] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 90 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 85
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about
65 percent by weight.
[0040] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of between about 30 percent by weight and about 90 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 30 percent by weight and about 85
percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 30 percent by weight and about
65 percent by weight.
[0041] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 35 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of between about 35 percent by weight and about 85 percent
by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 80 percent
by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 75 percent
by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 70 percent
by weight or between about 35 percent by weight and about 65
percent by weight.
[0042] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 40 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of between about 40 percent by weight and about 85 percent
by weight, between about 40 percent by weight and about 80 percent
by weight, between about 40 percent by weight and about 75 percent
by weight, between about 40 percent by weight and about 70 percent
by weight or between about 40 percent by weight and about 65
percent by weight.
[0043] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or
more water-miscible solvents.
[0044] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-miscible solvent" describes a compound other than water or
an organic acid that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and mixes with
water in all proportions to form a homogenous solution.
[0045] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water and one or more water-miscible solvents.
[0046] In combination the water and one or more water-miscible
solvents may advantageously help to dissolve and stabilise polar
components and ionic components of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0047] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 5
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to
about 10 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of greater
than or equal to about 15 percent by weight, greater than or equal
to about 20 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 25
percent by weight.
[0048] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by
weight, less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight or less
than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
[0049] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 60
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-miscible solvent content of less than or equal to about
50 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation
may have a water-miscible solvent content of less than or equal to
about 40 percent by weight.
[0050] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight.
[0051] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible solvent content of between about 5 percent by weight
and about 60 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between
about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between
about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0052] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about
70 percent by weight.
[0053] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible solvent content of between about 10 percent by
weight and about 60 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of
between about 10 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight
or between about 10 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0054] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 15 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0055] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0056] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0057] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible solvents, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a combined water and water-miscible
solvent content of greater than or equal to about 50 percent by
weight, greater than or equal to about 55 percent by weight,
greater than or equal to about 60 percent by weight, greater than
or equal to about 65 percent by weight or greater than or equal to
about 70 percent by weight.
[0058] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible solvents, preferably
the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and
water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 75
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a combined water and water-miscible solvent content of greater
than or equal to 80 percent by weight. Most preferably, the liquid
nicotine formulation has a combined water and water-miscible
solvent content of greater than or equal to about 85 percent by
weight.
[0059] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible solvents, preferably
the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation
is at least about 0.8 times the weight percent water-miscible
solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably
the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation
is at least about 1.5 times the weight percent water-miscible
solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0060] That is, preferably the ratio of the weight percent water
content to the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is greater than or equal to about 0.8,
more preferably greater than or equal to about 1.5.
[0061] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be at least about 2 times the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation,
at least about 3 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent
content of the liquid nicotine formulation, at least about 4 times
the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation or at least about 5 times the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0062] That is, the ratio of the weight percent water content to
the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about 2,
greater than or equal to about 3, greater than or equal to about 4
or greater than or equal to about 5.
[0063] Preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid
nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible solvent of the liquid nicotine
formulation. More preferably, the weight percent water content of
the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 8
times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0064] That is, preferably the ratio of the weight percent water
content to the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9, more
preferably less than or equal to about 8.
[0065] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be less than or equal to about 7 times the weight
percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0066] That is, the ratio of the weight percent water content to
the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 7.
[0067] Preferably, the weight percent water content of the liquid
nicotine formulation is between about 0.8 times and about 9 times
the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water content
of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 0.8 times
and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content
of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 0.8 times and
about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of
the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0068] More preferably, the weight percent water content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is between about 1.5 times and about 9
times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 1.5
times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent
content of the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 1.5
times and about 7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent
content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0069] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 2 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water content
of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2 times and
about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of
the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 2 times and about
7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0070] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 3 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water content
of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3 times and
about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of
the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 3 times and about
7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0071] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 4 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water content
of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4 times and
about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of
the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 4 times and about
7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0072] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 5 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water content
of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5 times and
about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of
the liquid nicotine formulation or between about 5 times and about
7 times the weight percent water-miscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0073] The one or more water-miscible solvents may be one or more
water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
[0074] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or
more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
[0075] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-miscible polyhydric alcohol" describes a polyhydric alcohol
that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and mixes with water in all
proportions to form a homogenous solution.
[0076] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
[0077] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal
to about 5 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of
greater than or equal to about 10 percent by weight. For example,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 15
percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 20 percent by
weight or greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
[0078] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of less than or equal to about 80
percent by weight, less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight
or less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
[0079] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of less than or equal to
about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of less
than or equal to about 50 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of less than or equal to about 40 percent by
weight.
[0080] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 5 percent by weight and
about 80 percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and
about 75 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and
about 70 percent by weight.
[0081] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 5
percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight.
[0082] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 10 percent by weight
and about 80 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight
and about 75 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by
weight and about 70 percent by weight.
[0083] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 10
percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0084] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 15 percent by weight
and about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight
and about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight
and about 70 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight
and about 60 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight
and about 50 percent by weight or between about 15 percent by
weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0085] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 20 percent by weight
and about 80 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight
and about 75 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight
and about 70 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight
and about 60 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight
and about 50 percent by weight or between about 20 percent by
weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0086] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 25 percent by weight
and about 80 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight
and about 75 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight
and about 70 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight
and about 60 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight
and about 50 percent by weight or between about 25 percent by
weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0087] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water and
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal
to about 50 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 55
percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 60 percent by
weight, greater than or equal to about 65 percent by weight or
greater than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
[0088] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal
to about 75 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a combined water and water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of greater than or equal to 80 percent by weight.
Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined
water and water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than
or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
[0089] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation is at least about 0.8 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation. More preferably the weight percent water content of
the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 1.5 times the
weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0090] That is, preferably the ratio of the weight percent water
content to the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol
content of the liquid nicotine formulation is greater than or equal
to about 0.8, more preferably greater than or equal to about
1.5.
[0091] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be at least about 2 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation, at least about 3 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation, at least about 4 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation or at least about 5 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0092] That is, the ratio of the weight percent water content to
the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about
2, greater than or equal to about 3, greater than or equal to about
4 or greater than or equal to about 5.
[0093] Preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid
nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol of the liquid
nicotine formulation. More preferably, the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to
about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol
content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0094] That is, preferably the ratio of the weight percent water
content to the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol
content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to
about 9, more preferably less than or equal to about 8.
[0095] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be less than or equal to about 7 times the weight
percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0096] That is, the ratio of the weight percent water content to
the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about
7.
[0097] Preferably, the weight percent water content of the liquid
nicotine formulation is between about 0.8 times and about 9 times
the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 0.8
times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or
between about 0.8 times and about 7 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0098] More preferably, the weight percent water content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is between about 1.5 times and about 9
times the weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content
of the liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent
water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between
about 1.5 times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or
between about 1.5 times and about 7 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0099] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 2 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 2
times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or
between about 2 times and about 7 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0100] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 3 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 3
times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or
between about 3 times and about 7 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0101] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 4 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 4
times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or
between about 4 times and about 7 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0102] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 5 times and about 9 times the
weight percent water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the
liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 5
times and about 8 times the weight percent water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine formulation or
between about 5 times and about 7 times the weight percent
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0103] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or
more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the group
consisting of 1,3-butanediol, glycerine, propylene glycol, and
triethylene glycol.
[0104] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of 1,3-butanediol, glycerine, propylene
glycol, and triethylene glycol.
[0105] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
glycerine.
[0106] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
vegetable glycerine.
[0107] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water
and glycerine.
[0108] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water and vegetable glycerine.
[0109] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
glycerine and propylene glycol.
[0110] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
vegetable glycerine and propylene glycol.
[0111] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water,
glycerine and propylene glycol.
[0112] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water, vegetable glycerine and propylene glycol.
[0113] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol, preferably
the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 5
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater
than or equal to about 10 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to about 15
percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 20 percent by
weight or greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
[0114] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene
glycol content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight,
less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight or less than or
equal to about 70 percent by weight.
[0115] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol, preferably
the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of less than or equal to about 60 percent
by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of less than or
equal to about 50 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene
glycol content of less than or equal to about 40 percent by
weight.
[0116] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene
glycol content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight.
[0117] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol, preferably
the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of between about 5 percent by weight and
about 60 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol
content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent
by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent
by weight.
[0118] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene
glycol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about
70 percent by weight.
[0119] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 10
percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of between about 10 percent by weight and
about 50 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight
and about 40 percent by weight.
[0120] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined
glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 15 percent
by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent
by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent
by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 15 percent
by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 15 percent
by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 15
percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0121] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined
glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 20 percent
by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 20
percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0122] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined
glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 25 percent
by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 25 percent
by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 25 percent
by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 25 percent
by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 25 percent
by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 25
percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0123] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine
content of greater than or equal to about 5 percent by weight.
[0124] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
glycerine content of greater than or equal to about 6 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
glycerine content of greater than or equal to about 7 percent by
weight or greater than or equal to about 8 percent by weight.
[0125] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content
of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight or less than or
equal to about 75 percent by weight.
[0126] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine
content of less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content
of less than or equal to about 60 percent by weight. For example,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of
less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight or less than or
equal to about 40 percent by weight.
[0127] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine
content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 70 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
glycerine content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight.
[0128] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
glycerine content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may
have a glycerine content of between about 6 percent by weight and
about 60 percent by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and
about 50 percent by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and
about 40 percent by weight.
[0129] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content
of between about 7 percent by weight and about 70 percent by
weight, between about 7 percent by weight and about 60 percent by
weight, between about 7 percent by weight and about 50 percent by
weight or between about 7 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0130] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content
of between about 8 percent by weight and about 70 percent by
weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 60 percent by
weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 50 percent by
weight or between about 8 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0131] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and water and one or both of glycerine and
propylene glycol, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
combined water, glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater
than or equal to about 50 percent by weight, greater than or equal
to about 55 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 60
percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 65 percent by
weight or greater than or equal to about 70 percent by weight.
[0132] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water,
glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to
about 75 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a combined water, glycerine and propylene glycol
content of greater than or equal to 80 percent by weight. Most
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water,
glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to
about 85 percent by weight.
[0133] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or both of glycerine and propylene glycol,
preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation is at least about 0.8 times the combined weight percent
glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation. More preferably the weight percent water content of
the liquid nicotine formulation is at least about 1.5 times the
combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of
the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0134] That is, preferably the ratio of the weight percent water
content to the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene
glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation is greater than
or equal to about 0.8, more preferably greater than or equal to
about 1.5.
[0135] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be at least about 2 times the combined weight
percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation, at least about 3 times the combined weight
percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation, at least about 4 times the combined weight
percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation or at least about 5 times the combined weight
percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0136] That is, the ratio of the weight percent water content to
the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content
of the liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to
about 2, greater than or equal to about 3, greater than or equal to
about 4 or greater than or equal to about 5.
[0137] Preferably the weight percent water content of the liquid
nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 9 times the
combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of
the liquid nicotine formulation. More preferably, the weight
percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less
than or equal to about 8 times the combined weight percent
glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0138] That is, preferably the ratio of the weight percent water
content to the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene
glycol content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less than or
equal to about 9, more preferably less than or equal to about
8.
[0139] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be less than or equal to about 7 times the combined
weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0140] That is, the ratio of the weight percent water content to
the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content
of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to
about 7.
[0141] Preferably, the weight percent water content of the liquid
nicotine formulation is between about 0.8 times and about 9 times
the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content
of the liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent
water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between
about 0.8 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent
glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation or between about 0.8 times and about 7 times the
combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of
the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0142] More preferably, the weight percent water content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is between about 1.5 times and about 9
times the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol
content of the liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight
percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be
between about 1.5 times and about 8 times the combined weight
percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation or between about 1.5 times and about 7 times
the combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content
of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0143] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 2 times and about 9 times the
combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of
the liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent
water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between
about 2 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent
glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation or between about 2 times and about 7 times the combined
weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0144] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 3 times and about 9 times the
combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of
the liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent
water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between
about 3 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent
glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation or between about 3 times and about 7 times the combined
weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0145] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 4 times and about 9 times the
combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of
the liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent
water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between
about 4 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent
glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation or between about 4 times and about 7 times the combined
weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0146] The weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be between about 5 times and about 9 times the
combined weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of
the liquid nicotine formulation. For example, the weight percent
water content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between
about 5 times and about 8 times the combined weight percent
glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid nicotine
formulation or between about 5 times and about 7 times the combined
weight percent glycerine and propylene glycol content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0147] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or
more water-immiscible solvents.
[0148] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-immiscible solvent" describes a compound that is liquid at
20.degree. C. and has a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less
than or equal to about 100 mg/ml.
[0149] Unless stated otherwise, water solubility values recited
herein are the water solubility measured based on the preliminary
test of OECD (1995), Test No. 105: Water Solubility, OECD
Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, OECD
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069589-en. In a
stepwise procedure, increasing volumes of distilled water are added
at 20.degree. C. to 0.1 g of the sample (solid substances must be
pulverized) in a 10 ml glass-stoppered measuring cylinder. However,
when the substance is an acid, the sample is added to the distilled
water in the first step. After each addition of an amount of water,
the mixture is shaken for 10 minutes and is visually checked for
any undissolved parts of the sample. If, after addition of 10 ml of
water, the sample or parts of it remain undissolved, the experiment
is continued in a 100 ml measuring cylinder. The approximate
solubility is given in Table 1 below under that volume of water in
which complete dissolution of the sample occurs.
[0150] When the solubility is low, a long time may be required to
dissolve a substance and at least 24 hours should be allowed. If,
after 24 hours, the substance is still not dissolved, the measuring
cylinder is placed for at 40.degree. C. in an ultrasound bath for
15 minutes and another 24 hours allowed (up to a maximum of 96
hours). If the substance is still not dissolved, the solubility is
considered to be below the limit value or not soluble.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 ml of water in which 0.1 g of sample is
soluble 0.1 0.5 1 2 10 100 >100 Approximate >1000 1000 to 200
to 100 to 50 to 10 to <1 solubility 200 100 50 10 1 (mg/ml)
[0151] The one or more water-immiscible solvents may advantageously
help to dissolve and stabilise non-polar components of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0152] The one or more water-immiscible solvents may reduce the
hygroscopicity of an aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine
formulation when used in an aerosol-generating system. This may
advantageously reduce or prevent increases in the particle or
droplet size of the aerosol when inhaled by a user as a result of
adsorption of water in the respiratory tract.
[0153] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water
and one or more water-immiscible solvents.
[0154] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water, one or more water-miscible solvents and one or more
water-immiscible solvents.
[0155] Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water, one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols and one or
more water-immiscible solvents.
[0156] When used in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid
nicotine formulation generates an aerosol comprising dual-phase
particles or droplets comprising a water-miscible phase and a
water-immiscible phase. This may advantageously reduce nicotine
adsorption in the upper airways and enhance pulmonary nicotine
delivery and retention. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the
improvement in pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention is
believed to be due to coating or enveloping of the water-miscible
phase by the water immiscible phase. This is believed to reduce
nicotine evaporation and adsorption in the upper airways.
[0157] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about
1 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a water-immiscible solvent content of greater than
or equal to about 2 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of
greater than or equal to about 4 percent by weight, greater than or
equal to about 6 percent by weight or greater than or equal to
about 8 percent by weight.
[0158] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible
solvent content of less than or equal to about 40 percent by
weight.
[0159] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 35
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to
about 30 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of less
than or equal to about 25 percent by weight, less than or equal to
about 20 percent by weight or less than or equal to about 15
percent by weight.
[0160] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight.
[0161] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 1 percent by
weight and about 35 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of
between about 1 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight,
between about 1 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight,
between about 1 percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or
between about 1 percent by weight and about 15 percent by
weight.
[0162] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight.
[0163] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by
weight and about 35 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible solvent content of
between about 2 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight,
between about 2 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight,
between about 2 percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or
between about 2 percent by weight and about 15 percent by
weight.
[0164] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 4 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight or between about 4 percent by weight and about 35
percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may
have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 4 percent
by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 4 percent
by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 4 percent
by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 4 percent
by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0165] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and about 35
percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may
have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 6 percent
by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 6 percent
by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 6 percent
by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 6 percent
by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0166] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 8 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight or between about 8 percent by weight and about 35
percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may
have a water-immiscible solvent content of between about 8 percent
by weight and about 30 percent by weight, between about 8 percent
by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 8 percent
by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 8 percent
by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0167] Preferably, the one or more water-immiscible solvents
comprise one or more partially water-soluble solvents.
[0168] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"partially water-soluble solvent" describes a compound that is
liquid at 20.degree. C. and has a water solubility at 20.degree. C.
of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml.
[0169] The one or more partially water-soluble solvents may have a
maximum carbon chain length of less than or equal to 12. For
example, the one or more partially water-soluble solvents may have
a maximum carbon chain length of less than or equal to 10.
[0170] Suitable partially water-soluble solvents include, but are
not limited to polysorbate 80, triacetin and triethyl citrate.
[0171] Preferably, the one or more water-immiscible solvents
comprise one or more water-insoluble solvents.
[0172] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-insoluble solvent" describes a compound that is liquid at
20.degree. C. and has a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less
than or equal to about 5 mg/ml.
[0173] The one or more water-insoluble solvents may have a maximum
carbon chain length of less than or equal to 30. For example, the
one or more water-insoluble solvents may have a maximum carbon
chain length of less than or equal to 20, less than or equal to 18,
less than or equal to 16, less than or equal to 14 or less than or
equal to 12.
[0174] Suitable water-insoluble solvents include, but are not
limited to oleic acid and MIGLYOL.RTM. (mixture of decanoyl- and
octanoyl glycerides).
[0175] More preferably, the one or more water-immiscible solvents
comprise one or more partially water-soluble solvents and one or
more water-insoluble solvents.
[0176] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or
more water-soluble organic acids.
[0177] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-soluble organic acid" describes an organic acid having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of greater than or equal to about
500 mg/ml.
[0178] The one or more water-soluble organic acids may
advantageously bind nicotine in the liquid nicotine formulation
through formation of one or nicotine salts.
[0179] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible solvents, the one or
more nicotine salts may advantageously be dissolved and stabilised
in the water and one or more water-miscible solvents. In
embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water, one or more water-miscible solvents and one or more
water-immiscible solvents, this may advantageously reduce nicotine
adsorption in the upper airways and enhance pulmonary nicotine
delivery and retention as discussed above.
[0180] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
one or more water-soluble carboxylic acids.
[0181] Suitable water-soluble carboxylic acids include, but are not
limited to, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid,
malic acid, malonic acid and pyruvic acid.
[0182] Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
lactic acid.
[0183] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of greater than or equal to
about 2 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of greater
than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
[0184] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of less than or equal to about 8
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-soluble organic acid content of less than or equal to
about 6 percent by weight.
[0185] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of between about 2 percent by
weight and about 8 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-soluble organic acid content
of between about 2 percent by weight and about 6 percent by
weight.
[0186] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of between about 3 percent by
weight and about 8 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-soluble organic acid content
of between about 2 percent by weight and about 6 percent by
weight.
[0187] The liquid nicotine formulation may be a substantially
uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation.
[0188] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"substantially uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation" describes
a liquid nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of less
than 0.5 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a caffeine content of less than about 0.4
percent by weight, less than about 0.3 percent by weight or less
than about 0.2 percent by weight.
[0189] The liquid nicotine formulation may be a substantially
caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation.
[0190] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"substantially caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation" describes
a liquid nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of less
than about 0.1 percent by weight.
[0191] The liquid nicotine formulation may be a caffeine-free
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0192] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation" describes a liquid
nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of 0 percent by
weight.
[0193] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"caffeine" describes caffeine or a caffeine salt. When referring to
a caffeine salt, the amounts of caffeine recited herein are the
amount of caffeine cation.
[0194] The liquid nicotine formulation may comprise one or more
flavourants. Suitable flavourants include, but are not limited to,
menthol.
[0195] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a flavourant
content of less than or equal to about 4 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a flavourant
content of less than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
[0196] According to the invention there is also provided a
cartridge for use in an aerosol-generating system, the cartridge
containing a liquid nicotine formulation according to the
invention.
[0197] The cartridge may comprise an atomiser configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0198] A cartridge containing the liquid nicotine formulation and
an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid
nicotine formulation may be referred to as a "cartomiser".
[0199] The atomiser may be a thermal atomiser.
[0200] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"thermal atomiser" describes an atomiser that is configured to heat
the liquid nicotine formulation to generate an aerosol.
[0201] In embodiments in which the cartridge comprises a thermal
atomiser, in use heating of the liquid nicotine formulation by the
atomiser increases the temperature of the liquid nicotine
formulation. This may reduce the viscosity of the liquid nicotine
formulation and facilitate generation of an inhalable aerosol
having a small particle or droplet size. This may advantageously
enhance pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention.
[0202] The cartridge may comprise any suitable type of thermal
atomiser.
[0203] The thermal atomiser may comprise a heater and a liquid
transport element configured to transport liquid nicotine
formulation to the heater.
[0204] The liquid transport element may comprise a capillary wick.
The heater may comprise a heater coil.
[0205] The thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater. For
example, the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater
comprising a resistive heating element or an inductive heating
element.
[0206] Preferably, the atomiser is a non-thermal atomiser.
[0207] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"non-thermal atomiser" describes an atomiser that is configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation by means
other than heating.
[0208] In embodiments in which the cartridge comprises a
non-thermal atomiser, in use the temperature of the liquid nicotine
formulation is not significantly increased. Consequently, it is
particularly advantageous in such embodiments for the liquid
nicotine formulation to have a viscosity at 20.degree. C. of less
than or equal to about 20 mPas.
[0209] The cartridge may comprise any suitable type of non-thermal
atomiser.
[0210] For example, the non-thermal atomiser may be an impinging
jet atomiser, an ultrasonic atomiser or a vibrating mesh
atomiser.
[0211] According to the invention there is further provided an
aerosol-generating system comprising a liquid nicotine formulation
according to the invention and an atomiser configured to generate
an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0212] The atomiser may be a thermal atomiser.
[0213] The aerosol-generating system may comprise any suitable type
of thermal atomiser.
[0214] The thermal atomiser may comprise a heater and a liquid
transport element configured to transport liquid nicotine
formulation to the heater.
[0215] The liquid transport element may comprise a capillary wick.
The heater may comprise a heater coil.
[0216] The thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater. For
example, the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater
comprising a resistive heating element or an inductive heating
element.
[0217] Preferably, the atomiser is a non-thermal atomiser.
[0218] The aerosol-generating system may comprise any suitable type
of non-thermal atomiser.
[0219] For example, the non-thermal atomiser may be an impinging
jet atomiser, an ultrasonic atomiser or a vibrating mesh
atomiser.
[0220] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge
according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation; and an aerosol-generating device comprising a housing
defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion
of the cartridge.
[0221] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a consumable
cartridge according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation; and a reusable aerosol-generating device comprising a
housing defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a
portion of the cartridge.
[0222] The aerosol-generating device may comprise a battery and
control electronics.
[0223] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge
according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation and the atomiser; and an aerosol-generating device
comprising a housing defining a device cavity configured to receive
at least a portion of the cartridge.
[0224] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge
according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation; and an aerosol-generating device comprising a housing
defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion
of the cartridge and the atomiser.
[0225] For the avoidance of doubt, features described above in
relation to one aspect of the invention may also be applicable to
other aspects of the invention. In particular, features described
above in relation to the liquid nicotine formulation of the
invention may also relate, where appropriate, to the cartridge of
the invention and the aerosol-generating system of the invention.
Similarly, features described above in relation to the cartridge of
the invention may also relate, where appropriate, to the
aerosol-generating system of the invention, and vice versa.
[0226] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way
of example only, with reference to the following examples and
accompanying drawings, in which:
[0227] FIGS. 1A and 1B show the aerodynamic size distribution of
aerosols generated from a liquid nicotine composition according to
the invention using four aerosol-generating systems comprising
non-thermal atomisers.
EXAMPLES
[0228] Four liquid nicotine formulations according to the invention
(Examples A, B, C and D) were prepared having the viscosities and
compositions shown in Table 2. For comparison, a liquid formulation
not according to the invention (Example E) was also prepared having
the viscosity and composition shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example A B C D E Viscosity 2 4 6 9 29 (mPa
s) Nicotine 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 0 (% by weight) Water 80 60 60 40 20 (%
by weight) Vegetable water-miscible 8.7 25 25 45 40 Glycerine
polyhydric alcohol (% by weight) Propylene Glycol 1.5 4.2 4.2 4.2
40 (% by weight) Triacetin partially water- 0.9 2 2 2 0 (% by
weight) soluble solvent Triethyl Citrate 2 2 10 2 0 (% by weight)
Lactic Acid water-soluble 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 0 (% by weight) organic
acid
[0229] Aerosols were generated from the liquid nicotine composition
according to the invention of Example A using the four
aerosol-generating systems comprising non-thermal atomisers shown
in Table 3. The aerodynamic size distributions of the aerosols were
measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer.RTM. (APS.TM.) Model
3321 spectrometer from TSI Incorporated. The results are shown in
FIGS. 1A and 1B.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Example Non-thermal aerosol-generating
system Example A1 Impinging jet nebulizer (nozzle opening: 10
micrometres; driving force: 51N) Example A2 OMRON Healthcare
MicroAIR U100 passive mesh nebulizer (driven by 50 Vpp at 177 kHz
with 2 Hz modulation; mesh hole diameter: about 4 micrometres; mesh
hole to hole distance about 60 micrometres) Example A3 Air Wick
.RTM. Essential Mist Diffuser active mesh nebulizer (120-180 kHz;
mesh hole diameter: 4-8 micrometres) Example A4 Surface Acoustic
Wave (SAW) device (double engine operation with each side driven by
600 mVpp at 42.122 MHz with 500 Hz modulation)
[0230] FIG. 1A shows the differential mass concentration (dM)
against aerodynamic diameter (APS diameter) of the aerosols and
FIG. 1B shows the particle differential number concentration (dN)
against aerodynamic diameter (APS diameter) of the aerosols.
[0231] As shown by FIGS. 1A and 1B, use of the liquid nicotine
composition according to the invention of Example A in the four
aerosol-generating systems advantageously generates aerosols
exhibiting a small droplet size.
* * * * *
References