U.S. patent application number 17/419223 was filed with the patent office on 2022-03-10 for shaped charge utilizing polymer coated petn.
The applicant listed for this patent is Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.. Invention is credited to James Marshall BARKER, Christopher C. HOELSCHER.
Application Number | 20220074288 17/419223 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 71613401 |
Filed Date | 2022-03-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220074288 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BARKER; James Marshall ; et
al. |
March 10, 2022 |
SHAPED CHARGE UTILIZING POLYMER COATED PETN
Abstract
A shaped charge for perforating a formation surrounding a
wellbore. The shaped charge including a casing having a section
with polymer-coated explosives and a liner encapsulating the
section with the polymer coated explosives. The polymer-coated
explosives includes a booster explosive and a main load explosive.
The booster explosive and the main load explosive are PETN. The
polymer is a low-density polyethylene.
Inventors: |
BARKER; James Marshall;
(Mansfield, TX) ; HOELSCHER; Christopher C.;
(Arlington, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. |
Houston |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
71613401 |
Appl. No.: |
17/419223 |
Filed: |
January 16, 2019 |
PCT Filed: |
January 16, 2019 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2019/013839 |
371 Date: |
June 28, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B 1/032 20130101;
E21B 43/117 20130101; F42B 1/028 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E21B 43/117 20060101
E21B043/117; F42B 1/028 20060101 F42B001/028; F42B 1/032 20060101
F42B001/032 |
Claims
1. A shaped charge for perforating a formation surrounding a
wellbore, the shaped charge device comprising: a casing having a
section loaded with polymer-coated explosives; and a liner
encapsulating the section with the polymer coated explosives.
2. The shaped charge of claim 1 wherein the casing is made of at
least one of steel, copper, brass, zinc, aluminum, ceramics, and
glass.
3. The shaped charge of claim 1 wherein the liner is made of at
least one of copper, lead, brass, bismuth, tin, zinc, silver,
antimony, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, uranium and other malleable,
ductile metals.
4. The shaped charge of claim 1 wherein the liner is one of
conical, parabolic, and hemispherical shape.
5. The shaped charge of claim 1 wherein the explosives are a
booster explosive and a main load explosive.
6. The shaped charge of claim 5 wherein the booster explosive and
the main load explosive are PETN.
7. The shape charge of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a low-density
polyethylene.
8. The shaped charge of claim 1 wherein the section filled with the
polymer coated explosive includes a first section with a first
polymer-coated explosive and a second section with a second
polymer-coated explosive.
9. The shape charge of claim 8 wherein the first section and the
second section define a single shared space, and include a first
and second polymer-coated explosive that are the same.
10. A method of using shaped charges for perforating a formation
surrounding a wellbore, the method comprising: placing shaped
charge devices on a well casing; setting the well casing in the
wellbore using a downhole running tool; and detonating the shaped
charge devices; wherein the shaped charge devices comprise: a
casing having a section loaded with polymer-coated explosives; and
a liner encapsulating the section with the polymer coated
explosives.
11. The method of using shaped charges of claim 10 wherein the
casing is made of at least one of steel, zinc, copper, brass,
aluminum, ceramics, and glass.
12. The method of using shaped charges of claim 10 wherein the
liner is made of at least one of copper, lead, brass, bismuth, tin,
zinc, silver, antimony, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, uranium and other
malleable, ductile metals.
13. The method of using shaped charges of claim 10 wherein the
liner is one of conical, parabolic, and hemispherical shape.
14. The method of using shaped charges of claim 10 wherein the
explosives are a booster explosive and a main load explosive.
15. The method of using shaped charges of claim 14 wherein the
booster explosive and the main load explosive are PETN.
16. The method of using shaped charges of claim 10 wherein the
polymer is a low-density polyethylene.
17. The method of using shaped charges of claim 10 wherein the
section filled with the polymer coated explosive includes a first
section having a first polymer-coated explosive and a second
section having a second polymer-coated explosive.
18. The method of using shaped charges of claim 17 wherein the
first section and the second section are common, and include a
first and second polymer-coated explosive that are common.
19. A shaped charges for perforating a formation surrounding a
wellbore, the shaped charge device comprising: a casing enclosing a
polymer-coated booster explosive and a polymer-coated main load
explosive and a liner encapsulating the polymer-coated
explosives.
20. The shaped charges of claim 19 wherein the explosive is PETN.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present disclosure relates, in general, to shape charges
and, in particular, to shape charges configured for perforating
formations in wellbores.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Shaped charges, sometimes called oilwell perforators, are
typically used in oil and gas operations for perforating formations
surrounding wellbores in order to access hydrocarbon reservoirs.
These types of shaped charges typically are loaded with a main load
explosive and a booster explosive. The main load explosive is
typically a secondary high explosive such as PETN, RDX, HMX, or HNS
that has been desensitized by the application of a wax or polymer
coating to the explosive crystals. The booster explosive is
typically the same secondary high explosive, except that the
explosive has been rendered more sensitive by utilizing the
material in its pure form (i.e., uncoated crystals). Oilwell
perforators utilizing these combinations of explosives are quite
effective at perforating formations but due to the sensitive nature
of the booster explosive handling of such charges requires extreme
care. This is particularly true for the explosive PETN, since
molecularly it is inherently more sensitive than RDX, HMX, and HNS,
and even more so when it is uncoated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] For a more complete understanding of the features and
advantages of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the
detailed description along with the accompanying figures in which
corresponding numerals in the different figures refer to
corresponding parts and in which:
[0004] FIG. 1 is an illustration of a well operations site where
perforations are created in formations surrounding a wellbore, in
accordance with certain example embodiments;
[0005] FIG. 2 illustrated is a shaped charge for formation
perforation in a wellbore, in accordance with certain example
embodiments; and
[0006] FIG. 3 illustrated is another shaped charge for formation
perforation in a wellbore, in accordance with certain example
embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0007] While the making and using of various embodiments of the
present disclosure are discussed in detail below, it should be
appreciated that the present disclosure provides many applicable
inventive concepts, which can be embodied in a wide variety of
specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are
merely illustrative and do not delimit the scope of the present
disclosure. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an
actual implementation may be described in the present disclosure.
It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any
such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions
must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as
compliance with system-related and business-related constraints,
which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it
will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex
and time-consuming but would be a routine undertaking for those of
ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this
disclosure.
[0008] The disclosure describes a shaped charge utilizing
polymer-coated PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate) both as a main
load explosive and as a booster explosive. In an embodiment, the
shaped charge includes a shaped section filled with the booster
explosive and the main load explosive. In this embodiment, the
shaped section may have, but not be limited to, conical,
hemispherical, or parabolic geometry. In some embodiments, the
shaped charge includes a metal or metal alloy liner, or even one
fabricated using powder metallurgy. In an embodiment, the polymer
coating for the PETN is a low-density polyethylene. The use of the
polymer-coated PETN eliminates the need to use separate explosive
charges for the main load and booster that are typically required
in oilwell perforators. The polymer-coated PETN has sufficient
inherent sensitivity to be used as a booster explosive without
being overly sensitive to the impact, friction, and electrostatic
discharge hazards normally associated with pure, uncoated booster
explosives. In addition, the same polymer-coated PETN is
sufficiently insensitive such that it can be used as the main load
explosive fill for shaped charges utilized in oil and gas
applications. The advantage of using the polymer-coated PETN in
such way is that the shaped charge can be loaded with one common
explosive; there is no need to have separate explosives for the
booster and main load.
[0009] Referring to FIG. 1, illustrated is a well operations site
during the perforation of a formation to access a reservoir deposit
using a shaped charge utilizing polymer coated PETN, in accordance
with certain example embodiments, denoted generally as 10. The site
10 includes a winch for running a cable 12, such as an electric
wireline, through a well head 14 and down a well casing 16 in a
wellbore to position a perforation gun 18 near the reservoir
deposit. The perforation gun 18 is loaded with multiple shaped
charges 20 that utilize a polymer coated PETN. Once in position,
the perforation gun 18 can be triggered remotely using wireless or
wired activation. Once triggered, the shaped charges are detonated
and perforations 22 are created through the casing 16 and formation
that allows access to the reservoir deposit.
[0010] Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrated is a shaped charge for
formation perforation in the wellbore, denoted generally as 40. The
shaped charge 40 includes a casing 42 with a hollowed out section,
such as a conical section. The conical section can include a
booster explosive section 44 in ballistic communication with a
detonating cord located inside the perforation gun 18. The booster
explosive section 44 is filled with a first portion of
polymer-coated PETN, and likewise the main load section 46 is
filled with a second portion of polymer coated REIN. The polymer
for the PETN is based on low-density polyethylene. Alternatively,
polyethylene coated RDX (Royal Demolition eXplosive) can be used as
booster and main load explosive. The shaped charge does not have to
be loaded during manufacture in two distinct steps, i.e., in two
geometrical sections using two explosive loadings that are in fact
the same material. In production, this charge can be loaded in one
step using one total amount of explosive (booster and main load
added together). The entire explosive filling consolidates into the
charge during a single pressing step.
[0011] The shaped charge 40 also includes a conical liner 48
surrounding and encapsulating the explosives. The casing 42 can be
made of at least one of steel, zinc, aluminum, copper, brass,
ceramics and glass. The conical liner 48 can be made of a mixture
of metals such as copper and lead. Other metals may be included or
substituted such as brass, bismuth, tin, zinc, silver, antimony,
cobalt, nickel, tungsten, uranium or other malleable, ductile
metals in proportions and formulations known to the aq. Other
materials can also be included in the mixture, such as certain
plastics, polymers, and graphite. Fabrication methodologies for the
liner include wrought, machined, and powdered-metal techniques. The
conical liner 48 of a typical shaped charge is internally open.
When the explosives are detonated, the liner 48 collapses into the
internal space and forms a jet emanating from the casing 42 as a
very high velocity stream of metal.
[0012] Referring to FIG. 3, illustrated is another shaped charge
for formation perforation in a wellbore, denoted generally as 60.
The shaped charge (30 includes similar features to that of FIG. 2,
the exception being the hollowed out section. The shaped charge 60
includes a casing 62 with a hollowed out section and, in this
particular embodiment, the hollowed out section is generally
parabolic or even hemispherical in shape. The parabolic or
hemisphere sec ion can include a booster explosive section 64 in
ballistic communication with a detonating cord located inside the
perforation gun 18. The booster explosive section 64 is filled with
a first portion of polymer-coated PETN, and likewise the main load
section 66 is filled with a second portion of polymer coated PETN.
The polymer for the PETN is based on low-density polyethylene. The
shaped charge 60 also includes a generally parabolic or
hemispherical liner 68 surrounding and encapsulating the
explosives. The easing 62 can be made of at least one of steel,
zinc, aluminum, copper, brass, ceramics and glass. The generally
parabolic or hemispherical liner 68 can be made of a mixture of
metals such as copper and lead. Other metals may be included or
substituted such as brass, bismuth, tin, zinc, silver, antimony,
cobalt, nickel, tungsten, uranium or other malleable, ductile
metals in proportions and formulations known to the art. Other
materials can also be included in the mixture, such as certain
plastics, polymers, and graphite. Fabrication methodologies for the
liner include wrought, machined, and powdered-metal techniques. The
generally parabolic or hemispherical liner 68 of atypical shaped
charge is internally open. When the explosives are detonated, the
liner 68 collapses into the internal space and causes it to be
ejected from the casing 62. Depending on the shape of the generally
parabolic or hemispherical liner, the ejected material may be a
high velocity stream of metal or explosively-formed projectile.
[0013] The above-disclosed embodiments have been presented for
purposes of illustration and to enable one of ordinary skill in the
art to practice the disclosure, but the disclosure is not intended
to be exhaustive or limited to the forms disclosed. Many
insubstantial modifications and variations will be apparent to
those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope
and spirit of the disclosure. The scope of the claims is intended
to broadly cover the disclosed embodiments and any such
modification. Further, the following clauses represent additional
embodiments of the disclosure and should be considered within the
scope of the disclosure:
[0014] Clause 1, a shaped charge for perforating a formation
surrounding a wellbore, the shaped charge device comprising: a
casing having a section loaded with polymer-coated explosives; and
a liner encapsulating the section with the polymer coated
explosives;
[0015] Clause 2, the shaped charge of clause 1, wherein the casing
is made of at least one of steel, zinc, copper, brass, aluminum,
ceramics, and glass;
[0016] Clause 3, the shaped charge of clause 1, wherein the liner
is made of at least one of copper, lead, brass, bismuth, tin, zinc,
silver, antimony, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, uranium and other
malleable, ductile metals;
[0017] Clause 4, the shaped charge of clause 1, wherein the liner
is one of conical, parabolic, and hemispherical shape;
[0018] Clause 5, the shaped charge of clause 1, wherein the
explosives are a booster explosive and a main load explosive;
[0019] Clause 6, the shaped charge of clause 5, wherein the booster
explosive and the main load explosive are PETN;
[0020] Clause 7, the shaped charge of clause 1, wherein the polymer
is a low-density polyethylene;
[0021] Clause 8, the shaped charge of clause 1, wherein the section
filled with the polymer coated explosive includes a first section
with a first polymer-coated explosive and a second section with a
second polymer-coated explosive.
[0022] Clause 9, the shaped charge of clause 8, wherein the first
section and the second section are common, and include a first and
second polymer-coated explosive that are common.
[0023] Clause 10, a method of using shaped charges for perforating
a formation surrounding a wellbore, the method comprising: placing
shaped charge devices on a well casing; setting the well casing in
the wellbore using a downhole running tool; and detonating the
shaped charge devices; wherein the shaped charge devices comprise:
a casing having a section with polymer-coated explosives; and a
liner encapsulating the section with the polymer coated
explosives;
[0024] Clause 11, the method of clause 10, wherein the casing is
made of at least one of steel, zinc, copper, brass, aluminum,
ceramics, and glass;
[0025] Clause 12, the method of clause 10, wherein the liner is
made of at least one of copper, lead, brass, bismuth, tin, zinc,
silver, antimony, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, uranium and other
malleable, ductile metals;
[0026] Clause 13, the method of clause 10, wherein the liner is one
of conical, parabolic, and hemispherical shape;
[0027] Clause 14, the method of clause 10, wherein the explosives
are a booster explosive and a main load explosive;
[0028] Clause 15, the method of clause 14, wherein the booster
explosive and the main load explosive are PETN;
[0029] Clause 16, the method of clause 10, wherein the polymer is a
low-density polyethylene;
[0030] Clause 17, the method of clause 10, wherein the section
filled with the polymer coated explosive includes a first section
having a first polymer-coated explosive and a second section having
a second polymer-coated explosive;
[0031] Clause 18, the method of clause 17, wherein the first
section and the second section are common, and include a first and
second polymer-coated explosive that are common;
[0032] Clause 19, a shaped charge for perforating a formation
surrounding a wellbore, the shaped charge device comprising: a
casing enclosing a polymer-coated booster explosive and a
polymer-coated main load explosive and a liner encapsulating the
polymer-coated explosives;
[0033] Clause 20, the shaped charge of clause 19, wherein the
explosive is PETN.
[0034] The foregoing description of embodiments of the disclosure
has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It
is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the
precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are
possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from
practice of the disclosure. The embodiments were chosen and
described in order to explain the principals of the disclosure and
its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to
utilize the disclosure in various embodiments and with various
modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be
made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the
embodiments without departing from the scope of the present
disclosure.
[0035] Such modifications and combinations of the illustrative
embodiments as well as other embodiments will be apparent to
persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It
is, therefore, intended that the appended claims encompass any such
modifications or embodiments.
* * * * *