U.S. patent application number 17/422032 was filed with the patent office on 2022-03-10 for fa ade construction and/or wall construction.
The applicant listed for this patent is Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH. Invention is credited to Claus Girnghuber, Dietmar Muller, Rudolf Wagner.
Application Number | 20220074209 17/422032 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000006014060 |
Filed Date | 2022-03-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220074209 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Girnghuber; Claus ; et
al. |
March 10, 2022 |
FA ADE CONSTRUCTION AND/OR WALL CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A facade structure and/or wall structure for a building which
includes tiles (1) and a support structure (2), in which the tiles
(1) are received oriented in each case in the vertical plane. The
support structure (2) has taut tension elements (3). The tiles (1)
received in the support structure (2) are mounted in a
weight-supporting manner and/or held locked by means of one or more
of the allocated tension elements (3), directly and/or via bearing
bodies (4) attached to the tension elements (3). The several or at
least one of the tiles (1) are or is allocated in each case at
least one holding element (5). For anchoring to the tile (1), the
holding element (5) has at least one anchoring portion that can be
anchored in a receiver (1hn) of the tile, and/or cooperates with an
anchor (6) received in a receiver (1hn) of the tile (1), and
wherein the holding element (5) has at least one tension element
gripping portion for gripping on at least one of the tension
elements (3) allocated to the tiles (1).
Inventors: |
Girnghuber; Claus;
(Marklkofen, DE) ; Wagner; Rudolf; (Straubing,
DE) ; Muller; Dietmar; (Frontenhausen, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH |
Marklkofen |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000006014060 |
Appl. No.: |
17/422032 |
Filed: |
January 10, 2020 |
PCT Filed: |
January 10, 2020 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2020/050554 |
371 Date: |
July 9, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04F 13/142 20130101;
E04F 13/0862 20130101; E04F 2203/04 20130101; E04F 13/0803
20130101 |
International
Class: |
E04F 13/08 20060101
E04F013/08 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 10, 2019 |
DE |
102019100486.1 |
Jan 10, 2019 |
DE |
102019100498.5 |
Claims
1. A facade structure and/or wall structure for a building,
comprising tiles and a support structure, in which the tiles are
received oriented in each case in the vertical plane, wherein it is
provided: that the support structure has taut tension elements
wherein, as taut tension elements, vertically oriented tension
elements or horizontally oriented tension elements are provided or
vertically oriented tension elements and crossing horizontally
oriented tension elements are provided, and that the tiles received
in the support structure are mounted in a weight-supporting manner
and/or held locked by means of one or more of the allocated tension
elements, directly and/or via bearing bodies attached to the
tension elements, and wherein several or at least one of the tiles
are or is allocated in each case at least one holding element,
wherein, for anchoring to the tile, the holding element has at
least one anchoring portion that can be anchored in a receiver of
the tile, and/or cooperates with an anchor received in a receiver
of the tile, and wherein the holding element has at least one
tension element gripping portion for gripping on at least one of
the tension elements allocated to the tiles.
2. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1,
wherein the receiver of the tile is formed as a receiving space
formed inside the tile.
3. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 2,
wherein the receiving space extends horizontally in the tile and
wherein two vertical tension elements are allocated to the tile,
wherein the first of the vertical tension elements passes through
the left lateral edge area of the tile and the second of the
vertical tension elements passes through the right lateral edge
area of the tile, and wherein in each case at least one tension
element gripping portion of one or more of the holding elements
allocated to the tile grips on the first vertical tension element
and on the second vertical tension element.
4. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 3,
wherein the anchor is arranged in the horizontal receiving space
and its opposite ends cooperate with two holding elements, since
the first of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of
the holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its
tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the
first vertical tension element, and since the second of the
opposite ends of the anchor acts on the holding element in the
manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping
portion the holding element grips on the second vertical tension
element.
5. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 3,
wherein the receiving space extends vertically in the tile, and
wherein two horizontal tension elements are allocated to the tile,
wherein the first of the horizontal tension elements passes through
the lower horizontal edge area of the tile and the second of the
horizontal tension elements passes through the upper horizontal
edge area of the tile, and wherein at least one tension element
gripping portion of one or more holding elements allocated to the
tile grips on the first horizontal tension element and on the
second horizontal tension element.
6. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 5,
wherein the anchor is arranged in the vertical receiving space and
its opposite ends cooperate with two holding elements, since the
first of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of the
holding element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its
tension element gripping portion the holding element grips on the
first horizontal tension element, and since the second of the
opposite ends of the anchor acts on the holding element in the
manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping
portion the holding element grips on the second horizontal tension
element.
7. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 1,
wherein the anchor has at least one anchoring end, which cooperates
with a first portion of the holding element, forming a
positive-locking and/or friction-locking connection and/or
resilient snap-on connection.
8. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 7,
wherein the anchoring end of the anchor has a resilient portion and
the first portion of the holding element has at least one
protrusion and/or at least one recess, on or in which the resilient
portion of the anchoring end engages; or wherein the anchoring end
of the anchor has at least one protrusion and/or at least one
recess and the first portion of the holding element has a resilient
portion, which engages on the at least one protrusion and/or in the
at least one recess.
9. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim 8,
wherein the anchor is formed as a double-T-shaped profile, which
has a connecting web with two transverse webs at the ends of the
connecting web, wherein the resilient portion is formed on the
connecting web or the at least one protrusion and/or the at least
one recess are or is formed on the connecting web, wherein, in the
area of the first portion, the holding element has two U arms, on
the sides of which facing away from each other or on the sides of
which facing each other the at least one protrusion and/or the at
least one recess or the resilient portion is formed, and wherein
the anchoring end of the anchor cooperates with the U arms of the
holding element, since the connecting web of the double-T-shaped
profile of the anchor engages between the U arms of the holding
element and the resilient portion cooperates with the at least one
protrusion and/or the at least one recess.
10. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein the tile has four corner areas, wherein in each case at
least one tension element gripping portion of holding elements
arranged in the tile grips in each of the four corner areas.
11. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein the holding element is formed as an L bracket element,
which has a first L arm and a second L arm which form a right
angle, wherein the first L arm is formed to engage in a receiving
area extending horizontally in the tile and the second L arm is
formed to engage in a receiving area extending vertically in the
tile.
12. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
11, wherein the first L arm has the tension element gripping
portion and the second L arm has the tile anchoring portion or the
portion cooperating with the anchor, or wherein the first L arm has
the tile anchoring portion or the portion cooperating with the
anchor and the second L arm has the tension element gripping
portion.
13. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
11, wherein the first L arm and/or the second L arm have or has a
U-shaped cross section.
14. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
11, wherein the holding element is formed as a U-shaped profile,
wherein the U arms of the U-shaped profile in a first longitudinal
portion of the U-shaped profile are formed longer than the U arms
in a second longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile.
15. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
14, wherein the U-shaped profile forming the holding element has
the basic configuration of an L bracket, wherein the first L arm is
formed by the longer U arms of the first longitudinal portion of
the U-shaped profile and the second L arm is formed by the shorter
U arms of the second longitudinal portion of the U-shaped
profile.
16. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
15, wherein the U-shaped profile forming the holding element, which
has the basic configuration of an L bracket, is arranged in the
tile such that the first L arm with the longer U arms engages in
the horizontally extending receiving area of the tile, wherein the
U arms extend horizontally in the horizontally extending receiving
area, forming the anchoring to the tile, and that the second L arm
with the shorter U arms engages in the vertical receiving area of
the tile, wherein the shorter U arms extend horizontally, and thus
transverse to the longitudinal extent of the vertical receiving
area, forming the tension element gripping portion, since the
vertical tension element allocated to the tile passes through the
vertical receiving area in the area between the shorter U arms of
the U-shaped profile.
17. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
13, wherein, to form the anchoring portion, the longer U arms
and/or, to form the tension element gripping portion, the shorter U
arms are formed deviating from a parallel configuration in such a
way that they diverge towards their free ends, in such a way that
they form an elastic clamping connection to the inner wall of the
receiving space when engaging in the receiving space under elastic
deformation of the U arms.
18. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein the holding element is formed as an axially extending,
elongate element, wherein the elongate element has at least one
longitudinal portion, which has the tile anchoring portion or the
portion cooperating with the anchor, and wherein the elongate
element has the tension element gripping portion at least at one
axial end.
19. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
18, wherein the elongate element forming the holding element has a
tension element gripping portion in each case at least at one axial
end or at both opposite axial ends.
20. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
18, wherein the elongate element forming the holding element has an
elastic portion, and the tile anchoring portion is formed in the
elastic portion, forming an elastic clamping connection through the
cooperation of the elastic portion with the inner wall of the
receiving space.
21. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein several or at least one of the tiles received in the
support structure are or is mounted in a weight-supporting manner
via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements, wherein it is
provided that the bearing body cooperates with the holding element,
since the holding element is arranged between a bearing formed on
the tile and a bearing formed on the bearing body, which forms a
bearing supporting the weight of the tile.
22. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein several or at least one of the tiles received in the
support structure are or is held locked via bearing bodies attached
to the tension elements, wherein it is provided that the bearing
body cooperates with the holding element, since the holding
element, is arranged between a bearing formed on the tile and a
bearing formed on the bearing body, which forms a bearing locking
the position of the tile.
23. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein several or at least one of the bearing bodies are or is
attached to the tension element by welding and/or screwing and/or
by catching and/or by adhesion and/or by grouting.
24. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein only one of the bearing bodies or several of the bearing
bodies is or are allocated to each of the tiles.
25. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein, in the area of their lower edge several or at least one
of the tiles rest or rests on one or more of the bearing
bodies.
26. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
25, wherein the tiles or the tile rest or rests on a lower left
bearing body in the area of a lower left corner area of the tile
and on a lower right bearing body in the area of a lower right
corner area of the tile.
27. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
1, wherein several or at least one of the tiles are or is held
locked in the area of their upper edge by means of one or more of
the bearing bodies.
28. The facade structure and/or wall structure according to claim
27, wherein the tiles or the tile are or is held locked in the area
of an upper left corner area of the tile by an upper left bearing
body and are or is held locked in the area of an upper right corner
area of the tile by means of an upper right bearing body.
Description
[0001] The invention is based on a facade structure and/or wall
structure for a building with the features of the preamble of claim
1.
[0002] Such facade structures and/or wall structures comprise a
support structure with tiles received therein. The support
structure has taut support cables. The tiles are held oriented in
the vertical plane in the support structure with the aid of the
taut support cables.
[0003] Such a facade structure is known from FR 669.554. The
support structure of FR 669.554 is formed by vertical and
horizontal steel cables, which have connectors at crossing points.
At their vertical and horizontal outer edges the tiles have
longitudinal grooves forming an overall circumferential outer
groove in which the vertical and horizontal support cables engage.
In addition, the facade tiles are supported in each case on two
opposite corners on the connecting bodies arranged at the crossing
points of the steel cables.
[0004] CN 2010 80660 describes a glass facade structure, wherein
glass tiles are fastened to holders supported in a carrier
structure. The carrier structure is formed of crossing vertical and
horizontal steel cables. Holders of the glass tiles are fastened to
the steel cables. To fasten the holders to the glass tiles, the
holders pass through the glass tiles at the fastening points.
[0005] CN 1048 18790 describes a facade decoration system with a
carrier structure, in which parallel steel cables crossing each
other are braced in a frame. Hooks, on which tiles are held, are
fastened to the steel cables.
[0006] DE 1 271 363 describes a facade tile system with a carrier
structure with taut wire cables. The wire cables are exclusively
vertically oriented, taut wire cables. These vertically oriented
wire cables are fastened directly to the building wall at separate
support brackets and hold the facade tiles, since the vertical wire
cables run in longitudinal grooves formed on the vertical sides of
the facade tiles or in vertical cavities. In this way, the vertical
support cables each hold several facade tiles arranged one above
the other, wherein in each case the lower corner and the upper
corner of the vertically taut wire cable is fastened to an angled
bracket.
[0007] Tile systems with flexible support structure are described
in EP 2 154 302 B1 and EP 2 707 560 B1 as well as in EP 2 497 861
A1. In EP 2 154 302 B1 and EP 2 707 560 B1, the support structure
is a flexible network of crossing, corrugated steel wires. The
corrugated steel wires mesh with each other at the crossing points
with their corrugations. The tiles each have longitudinal grooves
on two opposite edges, in which the steel wires of the support
structure engage. To fix the tiles, a mortar joint is provided for
the wires running in the joint gaps. In EP 2 497 861 A1, the
flexible support structure is formed in the manner of a chain
framework, which is formed of horizontally taut parallel support
cables, wherein in each case adjacent parallel support cables are
connected to each other via connection elements. The parallel
support cables pass through core holes of the tiles arranged in the
support structure in such a way that the tiles are held on the
horizontal support cables in the manner of chain links, with the
result that the tile system represents a type of foldable
curtain.
[0008] The object of the invention is to create a facade structure
and/or wall structure of the type mentioned at the beginning which
guarantees that the tiles are held securely in the support
structure and is easy to install and inexpensive to produce.
[0009] This object is achieved with the subject-matter of claim
1.
[0010] The subject-matter of claim 1 is a facade structure and/or
wall structure for a building. The structure comprises a support
structure, in which tiles are received oriented in each case in the
vertical plane.
[0011] The tiles are preferably large-format tiles, preferably made
of ceramic material. The tiles are particularly advantageously
produced in an extrusion process.
[0012] It is important that the support structure has taut
supporting tension elements. These supporting taut tension elements
can be formed as taut support cables, in particular as taut steel
cables or as taut tension rods or as taut chains or as similar taut
elongate tension elements. The support structure is preferably a
structure that is supported stationary, preferably made of profiled
carriers, which are mounted stationary for example on the outside
or inside of a building wall. The tension elements are mounted at
bearing points on the support profiles.
[0013] However, the support structure can also be formed directly
by a building wall. In this case, the tension elements are mounted
in each case directly on the building wall at corresponding bearing
points.
[0014] With regard to the arrangement of the taut tension elements
of the support structure:
[0015] In one type of embodiment the support structure has, as taut
tension elements, only vertically oriented tension elements, e.g.
only vertically oriented support cables. In another type of
embodiment the support structure has vertically oriented tension
elements and crossing horizontally oriented tension elements, thus
e.g. vertically oriented support cables and crossing horizontally
oriented support cables.
[0016] With regard to the receiving of the tiles in the support
structure, it is provided that the tiles received in the support
structure are mounted in a weight-supporting manner and/or held
locked by means of one or more of the allocated tension elements,
namely directly and/or via bearing bodies attached to the tension
elements.
[0017] In the subject-matter of claim 1, it is important that
several or at least one of the tiles are or is allocated in each
case at least one holding element, wherein, for anchoring to the
tile, the holding element cooperates with an anchor received in a
receiver of the tile and/or has at least one anchoring portion that
can be anchored in a receiver of the tile, and wherein the holding
element has at least one tension element gripping portion for
gripping on at least one of the tension elements allocated to the
tiles.
[0018] Preferred embodiments provide that the receiver of the tile
is formed as a receiving space formed inside the tile.
[0019] It can be provided here that the receiving space is formed
as a horizontal receiving space. This can preferably extend in the
area of the lower horizontal edge of the tile and/or in the area of
the upper horizontal edge of the tile. However, the receiving space
can also be formed as a vertical receiving space. The vertical
receiving space can preferably extend along the left side edge of
the tile and/or along the right side edge of the tile.
[0020] In embodiments which have vertical tension elements,
preferably embodiments in which the tension elements are formed
exclusively as vertical tension elements, it can be provided that
the receiving space extends horizontally in the tile, preferably
along a lower and/or upper horizontal edge of the tile, and that
two vertical tension elements are allocated to the tile, wherein
the first of the vertical tension elements passes through the left
lateral edge area of the tile and the second of the vertical
tension elements passes through the right lateral edge area of the
tile, and that in each case at least one tension element gripping
portion of one or more of the holding elements allocated to the
tile grips on the first vertical tension element and on the second
vertical tension element.
[0021] In a preferred development it can be provided here that the
anchor is arranged in the horizontal receiving space and its
opposite ends cooperate with two holding elements, since the first
of the opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of the holding
element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension
element gripping portion the holding element grips on the first
vertical tension element, and since the second of the opposite ends
of the anchor acts on the holding element in the manner of an
anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the
holding element grips on the second vertical tension element.
[0022] In embodiments which have horizontal tension elements,
preferably in embodiments in which the tension elements are formed
exclusively as horizontal tension elements, it can be provided that
the receiving space extends vertically in the tile, preferably
along a left and/or right vertical edge of the tile, and that two
horizontal tension elements are allocated to the tile, wherein the
first of the horizontal tension elements passes through the lower
horizontal edge area of the tile and the second of the horizontal
tension elements passes through the upper horizontal edge area of
the tile, and that in each case at least one tension element
gripping portion of one or more holding elements allocated to the
tile grips on the first horizontal tension element and on the
second horizontal tension element.
[0023] In a preferred development it can be provided that the
anchor is arranged in the vertical receiving space and its opposite
ends cooperate with two holding elements, since the first of the
opposite ends of the anchor acts on a portion of the holding
element in the manner of an anchoring, wherein with its tension
element gripping portion the holding element grips on the first
horizontal tension element, and since the second of the opposite
ends of the anchor acts on the holding element in the manner of an
anchoring, wherein with its tension element gripping portion the
holding element grips on the second horizontal tension element.
[0024] Embodiments in which the holding element cooperates with an
anchor can preferably provide that the anchor has at least one
anchoring end, which cooperates with a first portion of the holding
element, forming a positive-locking and/or friction-locking
connection and/or resilient snap-on connection.
[0025] In such embodiments it can preferably be provided that the
anchoring end of the anchor has a resilient portion and the first
portion of the holding element has at least one protrusion and/or
at least one recess, on or in which the resilient portion of the
anchoring end engages; or vice versa, namely that the anchoring end
of the anchor has at least one protrusion and/or at least one
recess and the first portion of the holding element has a resilient
portion, which engages on the at least one protrusion and/or in the
at least one recess.
[0026] In a preferred development it can be provided that the
anchor is formed as a double-T-shaped profile, which has a
connecting web with two transverse webs at the ends of the
connecting web, wherein the resilient portion is formed on the
connecting web or the at least one protrusion and/or the at least
one recess are or is formed on the connecting web, that in the area
of the first portion the holding element has two U arms, on the
sides of which facing away from each other or on the sides of which
facing each other the at least one protrusion and/or the at least
one recess or the resilient portion is formed, and that the
anchoring end of the anchor cooperates with the U arms of the
holding element, since the connecting web of the double-T-shaped
profile of the anchor engages between the U arms of the holding
element and the resilient portion cooperates with the at least one
protrusion and/or the at least one recess.
[0027] A particularly stable positioning and supporting of the
tiles results with embodiments which provide that the
tile--preferably with a rectangular outline--has four corner areas,
wherein in each case at least one tension element gripping portion
of a holding element arranged in the receiver of the tile grips in
each of the four corner areas.
[0028] With regard to the design of the holding element,
embodiments which provide that the holding element is formed as an
L bracket element, which has a first L arm and a second L arm which
form a right angle, are particularly advantageous, wherein the
first L arm is formed to engage in a receiving area extending
horizontally in the tile and the second L arm is formed to engage
in a receiving area extending vertically in the tile. Here, it can
be provided that the first L arm has the tension element gripping
portion and the second L arm has the tile anchoring portion, or
that the first arm has the tile anchoring portion and the second
arm has the tension element gripping portion.
[0029] Embodiments which provide that the first L arm of the
holding element and/or the second L arm of the holding element have
or has a U-shaped cross section are particularly advantageous.
[0030] It can be provided that the holding element is formed as a
U-shaped profile, wherein the U arms of the U-shaped profile in a
first longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile are formed
longer than the U arms in a second longitudinal portion of the
U-shaped profile. In a preferred development it can be provided
here that the U-shaped profile has the basic configuration of an L
bracket, wherein the first L arm is formed by the longer U arms of
the first longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile and the
second L arm is formed by the shorter U arms of the second
longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile.
[0031] It can be provided that the U-shaped profile, which has the
basic configuration of an L bracket, is arranged in the tile such
that the first L arm with the longer U arms engages in the
horizontally extending receiving area of the tile, wherein the U
arms extend horizontally in the horizontally extending receiving
area, forming the anchoring to the tile, and that the second L arm
with the shorter U arms engages in the vertical receiving area of
the tile, wherein the shorter U arms extend horizontally, and thus
transverse to the longitudinal extent of the vertical receiving
area, forming the tension element gripping portion, since the
vertical tension element allocated to the tile passes through the
vertical receiving area in the area between the U arms of the
U-shaped profile.
[0032] It can be provided that, to form the anchoring portion
and/or to form the tension element gripping portion, the U arms are
formed deviating from a parallel configuration in such a way that
they diverge towards their free ends, in such a way that they form
an elastic clamping connection to the inner wall of the receiving
space when engaging in the receiving space under elastic
deformation of the U arms.
[0033] Embodiments which provide that the holding element is formed
as an axially extending, elongate element are also possible,
wherein the elongate element has at least one longitudinal portion,
which has the tile anchoring portion, and wherein the elongate
element has the tension element gripping portion at least at one
axial end. It can be provided here that the elongate element has a
tension element gripping portion in each case at least at one axial
end or at both opposite axial ends. It can be provided that the
elongate element has an elastic portion, which is formed preferably
elastically curved or preferably elastically undulating, and the
tile anchoring portion is formed in the elastic portion, forming an
elastic clamping connection through the cooperation of the elastic
portion with the inner wall of the receiving space.
[0034] With regard to the supporting of the tiles on bearing bodies
which are attached to tension elements, it can be provided that
several or at least one of the tiles received in the support
structure are or is mounted in a weight-supporting manner via
bearing bodies attached to the tension elements, wherein it is
provided that the bearing body cooperates with the holding element,
since the holding element, preferably the tension element gripping
portion of the holding element, is arranged between a bearing
formed on the tile and a bearing formed on the bearing body, which
forms a bearing supporting the weight of the tile. It can
alternatively or additionally be provided that several or at least
one of the tiles received in the support structure are or is held
locked via bearing bodies attached to the tension elements, wherein
it is provided that the bearing body cooperates with the holding
element, since the holding element, preferably the tension element
gripping portion of the holding element, is arranged between a
bearing formed on the tile and a bearing formed on the bearing
body, which forms a bearing locking the position of the tile.
[0035] The bearing body is preferably attached axially fixed to the
tension element in question. It can be provided that several or at
least one of the bearing bodies are or is attached to the tension
element by welding and/or screwing and/or by catching and/or by
adhesion and/or by grouting.
[0036] With regard to the design of the bearing bodies: in a
preferred embodiment the bearing bodies can preferably be formed as
spherical bodies. The bearing bodies can be formed as solid bodies
or hollow bodies. The bearing bodies are preferably formed from
metallic material.
[0037] With regard to the allocation of the bearing bodies to the
tiles, it can be provided that only one of the bearing bodies or
several of the bearing bodies is or are allocated to each of the
tiles.
[0038] It can be provided that in the area of their lower edge
several or at least one of the tiles rest or rests on one or more
of the bearing bodies. It can preferably be provided that the tiles
or the tile rest or rests on a lower left bearing body in the area
of a lower left corner area of the tile and on a lower right
bearing body in the area of a lower right corner area of the
tile.
[0039] It can alternatively or additionally be provided that
several or at least one of the tiles are or is held locked in the
area of their upper edge by means of one or more of the bearing
bodies. Here, it can be provided that the tiles or the tile are or
is held locked in the area of an upper left corner area of the tile
by an upper left bearing body and are or is held locked in the area
of an upper right corner area of the tile by means of an upper
right bearing body.
[0040] The invention is explained further below with reference to
figures. There are shown in:
[0041] FIG. 1a a first embodiment example of a facade structure
and/or wall structure, in front view, showing the tiles in the
support structure with vertical support cables;
[0042] FIG. 1b a detail representation from FIG. 1a, in front view
with perspective detail, showing the tiles, with L bracket holding
elements inserted in the tile, on vertical support cables with
spherical bearing bodies attached thereto;
[0043] FIG. 1c a section view in FIG. 1a, in a horizontal section
plane;
[0044] FIG. 1d a section view in FIG. 1c, in a vertical section
plane;
[0045] FIG. 2a a second embodiment example in front view with
perspective detail showing the tile, with L bracket holding
elements inserted in the tile, on vertical support cables;
[0046] FIG. 2b detail representation from FIG. 2a, showing the L
bracket holding element with anchor cut open vertically in front
view;
[0047] FIG. 2c horizontal section from FIG. 2b;
[0048] FIG. 3a a third embodiment example of a facade structure
and/or wall structure, in perspective front view, showing the
tiles, with clip-shaped holding elements inserted, on vertical
support cables;
[0049] FIG. 3b a detail representation of a tile in FIG. 3a, in
perspective front view, showing the tile, with clip-shaped holding
elements inserted;
[0050] FIG. 4a a fourth embodiment example, in perspective detail
representation, showing a clip-shaped holding element modified
compared with FIGS. 3a to 3b;
[0051] FIG. 4b a top view of the tile with installed holding
element of FIG. 4a;
[0052] FIG. 5a a fifth embodiment example, in front view, showing
the tiles on vertical support cables with parallel double support
cables for the horizontal adjoining arrangement of adjacent
tiles.
[0053] The support structure 2 is represented only by way of
example in FIG. 1a. In the case represented, the support structure
is made up of vertical support profiles 2v and horizontal support
profiles 2h. The support profiles form a rectangular frame
structure, in which the support profiles are connected to each
other in the corners.
[0054] The support structure 2 is intended for a stationary
installation, namely for example in front of a building wall
outside or inside a building. For this purpose, the support
structure 2 can in each case be installed in stationary bearings,
not represented, supported on the floor side in the area of the
lower horizontal support profile 2h or on the roof side in the area
of the upper horizontal support profile 2h. Alternatively or
additionally, the support structure 2 can also be installed
supported correspondingly stationary laterally in the area of its
left and right vertical support profiles 2v, for example on
adjoining building walls.
[0055] In each case taut support cables 3 are arranged in the
support structure 2. In the embodiment examples represented in the
figures, exclusively vertically oriented support cables 3 are
present, and no crossing horizontal support cables.
[0056] In each case, the support cables 3 are fixed with their
upper and lower ends in fastening bearings in the upper and lower
horizontal support profiles 3h.
[0057] The embodiment examples represented in the figures are
facade structures or wall structures in which in each case
large-format tiles 1 are mounted in a support structure 2.
[0058] The tiles 1 are preferably ceramic tiles. In the cases
represented, the tiles 1 in each case have a rectangular outline
and are produced in an extrusion process. Their dimensions are
preferably more than 200 mm in horizontal length and more than 100
mm in vertical height. Much larger dimensions of the tiles are
conceivable. As a rule, the support structure is story-high.
[0059] Reference is made to FIGS. 1b to 1d in the following:
[0060] The tiles 1 are mounted on the support cables 3. For this
purpose, bearing bodies 4, on which the tiles 1 rest and/or through
which the tiles 1 are locked in the support structure against
pivoting out of the vertical plane, are attached axially fixed to
the vertical support cables. The tiles 1 mounted in the support
structure are arranged flush with each other in a common vertical
plane. The common vertical plane is spanned by the support cables
3. The tiles 1, which are mounted on the support cables 3, are held
in this plane by the bearing bodies 4 and by the support cables
themselves, i.e. locked against pivoting out of this plane, which
will be explained in even more detail.
[0061] In the cases represented, the bearing bodies 4 are formed in
each case as spherical bodies. They are attached axially fixed to
the vertical support cables 3, for example by welding the bearing
bodies to the support cables.
[0062] On their left side edge and on their right side edge the
tiles 1 have in each case an open longitudinal groove 1vn, which
extends along the vertical side edge of the tile in each case over
the whole vertical extent of the tile, or of the side edge. These
vertical longitudinal grooves 1vn have a substantially U-shaped
cross section. The left longitudinal groove is open towards the
left end face and the right longitudinal groove is open towards the
right end face. Furthermore, the longitudinal grooves 1vn are also
open at the ends of their longitudinal extent, i.e. at the top and
bottom.
[0063] The vertical support cables 3 engage in the vertical
longitudinal grooves 1vn, since they extend in the longitudinal
groove in the longitudinal direction and pass through upwards and
downwards. The bearing bodies 4 attached to the vertical support
cables 3 support the tiles in all four corners.
[0064] With regard to the supporting of the tiles 1 on the bearing
bodies 4:
[0065] The weight-supporting mounting is effected primarily via the
lower bearing bodies 4. In the area of their lower left corner the
tiles rest, in each case in a weight-supporting manner, on a lower
left bearing body 4 attached to the left support cable 3. In the
area of its lower right corner the tile rests in a
weight-supporting manner on a lower right bearing body 4 attached
to the right support cable 3.
[0066] Upper bearing bodies 4 grip in the area of the upper left
corner and the upper right corner, namely an upper left bearing
body 4 attached to the left support cable 3 grips on the upper left
corner, and an upper right bearing body 4 attached to the right
support cable 3 grips in the area of the upper right corner. These
upper bearing bodies 4 serve primarily to lock the tile in its
vertical orientation in the common vertical plane against pivoting
out of this plane. The lower bearing bodies 4 and the upper bearing
bodies 4 are formed identically, i.e. in each case as spherical
bodies.
[0067] In the cases represented, the tiles 1 do not cooperate
directly with the bearing bodies 4, i.e. the tiles 1 do not lie
directly on the lower and upper support bodies, but in each case on
holding elements 5, which are mounted supported in the tiles 1.
[0068] The holding elements 5 in the embodiment examples of FIGS.
1b to 1d are formed as L bracket elements, which in each case are
arranged inserted in the corner areas of the tiles 1. For this
purpose, in addition to the longitudinal grooves 1vn, which are
formed along the left and right vertical edge of the tiles, the
tiles 1 also have horizontal longitudinal grooves on the upper
horizontal edge and on the lower horizontal edge, namely a
horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn open to the top on the upper
horizontal edge, and a horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn open to
the bottom on the lower horizontal edge.
[0069] Like the vertical longitudinal grooves 1vn, the horizontal
longitudinal grooves 1hn are also U-shaped in cross section and
open at the ends of their longitudinal extent.
[0070] With regard to the design of the holding elements 5:
[0071] The holding elements 5 in the embodiment example of FIGS. 1b
to 1d are, as already said, L bracket elements. They are formed as
special U-shaped profiles. The distinctive feature of the special
U-shaped profile is in each case that the U arms 5u in a first
longitudinal portion 51 of the U-shaped profile are longer than the
U arms 5u in a second longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped
profile adjoining the first longitudinal portion 51. Specifically,
the U arms 5u in the first longitudinal portion 51 have the length
L1. The U arms 5u in the second longitudinal portion have the
length L2. The length L1 is greater than the length L2, namely in
the specific case the length L1 is approx. three times greater than
the length L2. As can be seen from the figures, the longitudinal
extent U1 of the first longitudinal portion 51 is shorter than the
longitudinal extent of the second longitudinal portion 52.
[0072] In the side view of the U-shaped profile, therefore, a
substantially L-bracket-shaped configuration results, i.e. the
first longitudinal portion 51 of the U-shaped profile with the U
arms 5u of the length L1 forms the first L arm 5s, and the second
longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped profile with the U arms 5u
with the length L2 forms the second L arm 5s.
[0073] The holding element 5 designed in this way is symmetrical
with respect to the longitudinal center plane which runs between
the U arms 5u parallel to the extent of the U arms. This makes it
possible to arrange the holding element 5 inserted in the tiles in
all four corner areas.
[0074] In the area of the upper left corner and in the area of the
upper right corner, the holding element 5 is arranged inserted in
the tile, since the first L arm 5s formed by the long U arms 5u is
pushed into the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn, namely
forming a clamping connection to the insides of the longitudinal
groove. The second L arm 5s formed by the horizontal U arms 5u is
inserted in the vertical longitudinal groove 1vn on the left and on
the right side edge, respectively, of the tile 1. The free ends of
the short U arms stand on the floor of the vertical longitudinal
groove 1vn, forming a receiving space for the vertical support
cable 3 passing through the vertical longitudinal groove 1vn. The
receiving space for the support cable 3 is formed by the floor of
the longitudinal groove 1vn and by the space between the short U
arm 5u engaging in the longitudinal groove and the floor of the
U-shaped profile.
[0075] The holding elements 5 inserted in the corner areas of the
tile 1 thus guarantee a stable arrangement of the vertical support
cables 3 passing through the left and right longitudinal grooves
1vn of the tile. Furthermore, the holding elements 5 arranged in
the lower left and right corner areas form bearings, with which the
tiles rest in a weight-supporting manner on the bearing bodies 4
attached to the support cables 3.
[0076] The holding elements 5 arranged in the upper left and right
corner areas are in contact with the upper bearing bodies 4
attached to the support cables. The bearing bodies 4 lie on the
holding elements 5 inserted in the upper corner areas and thus lock
the tiles in their position against pivoting out of the common
vertical plane, in which the tiles are arranged flush with each
other in the support structure.
[0077] The embodiment example of FIGS. 2a to 2c is an embodiment
example modified compared with the embodiment example of FIGS. 1a
to 1d. The modification consists of the fact that in the embodiment
example of FIGS. 2a to 2c the L-bracket-shaped holding element 5
cooperates with a separate anchor 6. The anchor 6 is formed as a
double-T-shaped profile, which is arranged in the horizontal
receiving groove and cooperates with the horizontal L arm of the
holding element 5. The cooperation consists of the fact that the
right end of the anchor 6 represented in FIGS. 2a to 2c cooperates
with the right holding element 5. With the left end of the anchor
6, not represented, which extends over the whole longitudinal
extent of the tile in its horizontal groove, the anchor 6
cooperates with the left holding element 5, which is arranged in
the left corner of the tile. The cooperation of the right end of
the anchor 6 with the right holding element corresponds to the
cooperation of the left end of the anchor 6 with the left holding
element. The holding element 5 is modified compared with the
holding element 5 in the embodiment example of FIGS. 1a to 1d to
the effect that on their outside the long U arms, which are
arranged engaging in the horizontal receiving groove 1hn of the
tile, each have a row of saw-tooth-shaped teeth parallel to each
other. Here, the parallel teeth extend in each case transverse to
the longitudinal extent of the longitudinal groove 2hn. On its
represented right anchor end, and in the same way on its not
represented left anchor end, the anchor 6 has leaf spring
mechanisms, which have leaf springs with bent end edges, which
engage in the row of saw teeth on the outside of the two U arms of
the holding element 5, namely gripping on the steep flank of the
respective tooth in the manner of a gripping from behind.
[0078] The double-T-shaped profile has a connecting arm, at the
ends of which in each case a transversely running T arm is formed.
The double-T-shaped profile is arranged in the horizontal
longitudinal groove 2hn such that the connecting web is oriented
vertically and the transverse webs are in the horizontal plane,
i.e. parallel to the floor of the horizontal longitudinal groove
2hv with the U-shaped cross section. The double-T-shaped profile is
arranged with its vertically running connecting web engaging
between the U arms of the holding element 5. The spring mechanism
6f consists of two leaf springs, which form a Y configuration. The
Y arms are fixed with their base portion on the double-T-shaped
profile in the area of the vertically oriented connecting arm by a
common fastening mechanism. The two Y arms are arranged between the
lower and the upper transverse web, namely one Y arm on the left
side of the connecting web and the other Y arm on the right side of
the connecting web. With its chamfered free end the left Y arm
cooperates with the row of saw teeth on the outside of the left U
arm of the holding element 5. With its free chamfered end the right
Y arm cooperates with the row of saw teeth on the outside of the
left U arm of the holding element 5. At the not represented left
end of the anchor 5, the left anchor end cooperates in the same way
with the U arms of the allocated left holding element 5, i.e. the
anchor is anchored with its right anchor end to the right holding
element 5 and with its left anchor end to the left holding element
5. The two holding elements 5 are thus braced with each other via
the anchor 6. Through this bracing of the two holding elements 5,
the allocated vertical support cables 3, which pass through the
vertical longitudinal grooves 2vn on the right and left tile edges,
are braced with each other, as the right vertical support cable
passes through the receiving space which is formed between the U
arms of the vertical L arm of the right holding element 5, and the
left vertical support cable passes through the receiving space
which is formed by the U arms of the vertical L arm of the left
holding element 5.
[0079] The two holding elements 5 arranged at the lower corners of
the tile, namely the lower right holding element 5 and the lower
left holding element 5, are braced with each other via an anchor 6
received in the lower horizontal receiving groove 2hn in the same
way as the two upper holding elements 5 and correspondingly brace
the two vertical support cables in this lower horizontal area.
[0080] In the embodiment examples in FIGS. 3a to 3b, the holding
elements 5 are formed deviating from the previously described
design. The holding elements 5 in FIGS. 3a to 3b are formed as
elongate, clip-shaped elements which extend axially, i.e. slightly
curved substantially in an axial direction. Two such holding
elements 5 are inserted in the upper horizontal longitudinal groove
1hn of the tile 1 in FIGS. 3a to 3b, namely in such a way that the
main longitudinal portion of the holding element 5 is arranged
extending longitudinally in the left horizontal longitudinal
groove, and that the free end of the holding element 5 protrudes
into the left vertical longitudinal groove and there grips the
vertical support cable 3 passing through the longitudinal groove
from behind by means of a hook-shaped end formed on the left end of
the support element 50. The right holding element 5 is arranged
correspondingly in the right portion of the upper horizontal
longitudinal groove 1hn and engages in the right vertical
longitudinal groove with its free right end. The hook-shaped free
right end grips on the support cable 3 guided through in the right
vertical longitudinal groove. In a corresponding manner, two such
holding elements 5 are arranged in the lower horizontal
longitudinal groove 1hn. The left holding element is arranged with
its main longitudinal portion in the left half of the lower
horizontal longitudinal groove 1 hn and engages in the left
vertical longitudinal groove with its free left end, wherein the
hook-shaped free left end grips on the vertical support cable 3
guided there. In a corresponding manner, the right holding element
5 rests in the right half of the lower horizontal longitudinal
groove 1hn and grips on the vertical support cable, which passes
through the right vertical longitudinal groove, with its
hook-shaped free right end.
[0081] The anchoring of the holding elements 5 in the tile 1 is
effected by the curved shape of the main longitudinal portion of
the holding element 5 via elastic clamping connection to the inner
wall of the horizontal longitudinal groove. The curved shape is
formed such that the main longitudinal portion of the holding
element 5 can be pushed into the horizontal longitudinal groove
only under elastic deformation and the elastic clamping connection
to the inner wall of the longitudinal groove is formed there.
[0082] The free ends of the holding elements 5 gripping on the
vertical support cables 3 cooperate with the bearing bodies 4
attached to the support cables. In the case of the holding elements
5 arranged in the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn, the
free end which grips on the allocated vertical support cable 3
rests on the bearing body attached to the support cable, with the
result that the weight forces of the tile 1 are introduced onto
this lower bearing body 4. In the case of the holding elements 5
arranged in the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn, the free
end which grips on the allocated vertical support cable 3 rests, in
contact, on the underside of the bearing body 4 attached to the
support cable 3, with the result that the arrangement of the
support cables 3 passing through the vertical longitudinal groove,
and thus the position of the tile, is stabilized and locked by the
bearing body 4.
[0083] FIG. 4a shows modified holding elements 5 for an embodiment
example modified compared with FIGS. 3a to 3b. In the modified
embodiment example of FIG. 4a, unlike the holding elements in FIGS.
3a to 3b, in each case only one holding element 5 is arranged in
the upper horizontal longitudinal groove and one holding element 5
is arranged in the lower horizontal longitudinal groove. The
holding element 5 corresponds in terms of its axial length to the
whole longitudinal extent of the tile 1 and thus to the whole
longitudinal extent of the horizontal longitudinal groove in which
the holding element 5 is received. In the case of its arrangement
in the longitudinal groove, its free left end engages in the left
vertical longitudinal groove 1vn and there grips on the left
support cable 3 guided through this vertical longitudinal groove.
Its free right end engages in the right vertical longitudinal
groove 1vn and there grips on the right support cable 3 guided
through this vertical longitudinal groove. The anchoring of the
holding element 5 in the longitudinal groove is effected by the
curved shape of the main longitudinal portion of the holding
element formed between the free ends. The anchoring is thus
effected in a manner corresponding to that in the case of the
previously described holding elements, namely likewise through an
elastic clamping connection of the curved main portion of the
holding element pushed into the longitudinal groove. Also in the
case of these holding elements 5, the bearing bodies 4 attached to
the vertical support cables 3 act in the same way on the tiles via
the holding elements 5, i.e. the lower bearing bodies 4 primarily
act in a weight-supporting manner, and the upper bearing bodies 4
act in the manner of a stabilizing and locking of the position of
the tile against a pivoting of the tile out of the common vertical
plane in which the tiles 1 arranged in the support structure are
flush with each other.
[0084] In FIG. 5a the vertical support cables 3 are arranged in the
support structure such that in each case a few separate left and
right vertical support cables 3 are available for in each case
horizontally adjacent tiles of a row. This has the result that
horizontally adjacent tiles of a row can be arranged adjoining each
other relatively closely depending on the arrangement of the
vertical support cables. The arrangement of the six vertical
support cables in FIG. 5a is as follows in the order from left to
right: [0085] First vertical support cable spaced apart from the
second vertical support cable with spacing: tile length of the left
tile [0086] Second vertical support cable spaced apart from the
third vertical support cable with spacing: minimum spacing [0087]
Third vertical support cable spaced apart from the fourth vertical
support cable with spacing: tile length of the middle tile [0088]
Fourth vertical support cable spaced apart from the fifth vertical
support cable with spacing: minimum spacing [0089] Fifth vertical
support cable spaced apart from the sixth vertical support cable
with spacing: tile length of the right tile.
[0090] The spacing of the horizontally adjoining tiles is
determined by the minimum spacing. In the case of the use of
bearing elements 4, on which the tiles rest, received axially fixed
on the support cables 3, this minimum spacing is determined by the
diameter of a bearing body 4, or the minimum spacing is determined
by the minimum receiving depth with which the vertical support
cables have to be received in the vertical longitudinal groove 1vn
in order to guarantee a stable hold of the tiles in the vertical
plane spanned by the vertical support cables.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
[0091] 1 tile [0092] 1vn longitudinal groove on the left and right
vertical side edge of the tile [0093] 1hn longitudinal groove on
the upper and lower horizontal edge of the tile [0094] 2 support
structure [0095] 2h horizontal support profile [0096] 2v vertical
support profile [0097] 3 support cable [0098] 4 bearing body [0099]
5 holding element [0100] 5u U arm [0101] 5s L arm [0102] 51 first
longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile [0103] 52 second
longitudinal portion of the U-shaped profile [0104] 6 anchor [0105]
6f spring mechanism [0106] 6n rivet connection [0107] U1 length of
the first longitudinal portion 51 of the U-shaped profile [0108] U2
length of the second longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped
profile [0109] L1 length of the U arm 5u of the first longitudinal
portion 51 of the U-shaped profile [0110] L2 length of the U arm of
the second longitudinal portion 52 of the U-shaped profile
* * * * *