U.S. patent application number 17/418928 was filed with the patent office on 2022-02-24 for liquid nicotine formulation comprising water-immiscible solvents.
This patent application is currently assigned to Philip Morris Products S.A.. The applicant listed for this patent is Philip Morris Products S.A.. Invention is credited to Robert EMMETT, Jean-Pierre SCHALLER, Aline VUARNOZ-BIZE.
Application Number | 20220053817 17/418928 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000006003444 |
Filed Date | 2022-02-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220053817 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
EMMETT; Robert ; et
al. |
February 24, 2022 |
LIQUID NICOTINE FORMULATION COMPRISING WATER-IMMISCIBLE
SOLVENTS
Abstract
A liquid nicotine formulation for an aerosol-generating system
is provided, the liquid nicotine formulation including: at least
one of water and one or more water-miscible solvents; one or more
partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100
mg/ml; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents
having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to
about 5 mg/ml, the liquid nicotine formulation having a
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of greater than
or equal to about 2 percent by weight. A cartridge containing the
liquid nicotine formulation, and an aerosol-generating system, are
also provided.
Inventors: |
EMMETT; Robert; (Neuchatel,
CH) ; SCHALLER; Jean-Pierre; (Neuchatel, CH) ;
VUARNOZ-BIZE; Aline; (Neuchatel, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Philip Morris Products S.A. |
Neuchatel |
|
CH |
|
|
Assignee: |
Philip Morris Products S.A.
Neuchatel
CH
|
Family ID: |
1000006003444 |
Appl. No.: |
17/418928 |
Filed: |
December 31, 2019 |
PCT Filed: |
December 31, 2019 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2019/087195 |
371 Date: |
June 28, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 9/0078 20130101;
A24F 40/10 20200101; A24B 15/167 20161101; A61K 31/465
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A24B 15/167 20060101
A24B015/167; A61K 31/465 20060101 A61K031/465; A61K 9/00 20060101
A61K009/00; A24F 40/10 20060101 A24F040/10 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215964.0 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215966.5 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215969.9 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215976.4 |
Dec 31, 2018 |
EP |
18215983.0 |
Claims
1.-15. (canceled)
16. A liquid nicotine formulation for an aerosol-generating system,
the liquid nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water
and one or more water-miscible solvents; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility
at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and
one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml, wherein the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of greater than
or equal to about 2 percent by weight.
17. A liquid nicotine formulation for an aerosol-generating system,
the liquid nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water
and one or more water-miscible solvents; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and
about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible
solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C.
of greater than about 5, wherein the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of greater
than or equal to about 2 percent by weight.
18. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, the
liquid nicotine formulation having a total water and water-miscible
solvent content of greater than or equal to about 60 percent by
weight.
19. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, further
comprising water and one or more water-miscible solvents.
20. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, wherein
the one or more water-miscible solvents are one or more
water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
21. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, the
liquid nicotine formulation having a total water-immiscible solvent
content of greater than or equal to about 4 percent by weight.
22. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, the
liquid nicotine formulation having a total water-immiscible solvent
content of less than or equal to about 35 percent by weight.
23. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, the
liquid nicotine formulation having a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 1 percent by
weight and about 30 percent by weight.
24. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, the
liquid nicotine formulation having a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight.
25. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, wherein
the one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents
are selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 80,
triacetin, and triethyl citrate.
26. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16, wherein
the one or more water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvents are
selected from the group consisting of oleic acid and a mixture of
decanoyl- and octanoyl glycerides.
27. The liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 19, further
comprising one or more water-soluble organic acids, wherein the
liquid nicotine formulation has a water-soluble organic acid
content of at least about 2 percent by weight.
28. A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system, the cartridge
containing a liquid nicotine formulation according to claim 16.
29. The cartridge according to claim 28, the cartridge comprising
an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid
nicotine formulation.
30. An aerosol-generating system, comprising: a liquid nicotine
formulation according claim 16; and an atomiser configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a liquid nicotine formulation for
use in an aerosol-generating system. The invention also relates to
a cartridge for an aerosol-generating system comprising the liquid
nicotine formulation and an aerosol-generating system comprising
the liquid nicotine formulation and an atomiser configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0002] Aerosol-generating systems for delivering nicotine to a user
that comprise an atomiser configured to generate an inhalable
aerosol from a liquid nicotine formulation are known. Some known
aerosol-generating systems comprise a thermal atomiser such as an
electric heater that is configured to heat and vaporise the liquid
nicotine formulation to generate an aerosol. Other known
aerosol-generating systems comprise a non-thermal atomiser that is
configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine
formulation using, for example, impinging jet, ultrasonic or
vibrating mesh technologies. Typical liquid nicotine formulations
for use in aerosol-generating systems comprise glycerine, propylene
glycol and water as solvents.
[0003] In such aerosol-generating systems, pulmonary delivery of
the inhalable aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine
formulation is important for user palatability and satisfaction.
Nicotine adsorption through the pulmonary alveoli is rapid and
efficient. By contrast, nicotine adsorption in the upper airways is
slower and less efficient. Nicotine adsorption in the upper airways
may also undesirably be perceived by a user as having a sensorial
harshness and induce mouth and throat irritation.
[0004] It would be desirable to provide a liquid nicotine
formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system that that
enables generation of an aerosol providing improved nicotine
satisfaction to a user compared to typical liquid nicotine
formulations. In particular, it would be desirable to provide a
liquid nicotine formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system
that enables generation of an aerosol having improved lung
deposition characteristics and nicotine retention compared to
aerosols generated from typical liquid nicotine formulations.
[0005] According to a first aspect of the invention there is
provided a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine formulation
comprising: at least one of water and one or more water-miscible
solvents; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of between
about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more water
insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at
20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5 mg/ml.
[0006] According to the first aspect of the invention there is also
provided a cartridge for use in an aerosol-generating system, the
cartridge containing a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: at
least one of water and one or more water-miscible solvents; one or
more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and
about 100 mg/ml; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or
equal to about 5 mg/ml.
[0007] According to the first aspect of the invention there is
further provided an aerosol-generating system comprising: a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible solvents; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree.
C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5 mg/ml;
and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0008] According to a second aspect of the invention there is
provided a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine formulation
comprising: at least one of water and one or more water-miscible
solvents; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of
between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0009] According to the second aspect of the invention there is
also provided a cartridge for use in an aerosol-generating system,
the cartridge containing a liquid nicotine formulation comprising:
at least one of water and one or more water-miscible solvents; one
or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between about
0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0010] According to the second aspect of the invention there is
further provided an aerosol-generating system comprising: a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible solvents; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents a having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5; and
an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0011] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"liquid nicotine formulation" describes a liquid formulation
comprising nicotine.
[0012] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"nicotine" describes nicotine, nicotine base or a nicotine salt. In
embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation comprises a
nicotine base or a nicotine salt, the amounts of nicotine recited
herein are the amount of free base nicotine or amount of protonated
nicotine, respectively.
[0013] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-miscible solvent" describes a compound other than water or
an organic acid that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and mixes with
water in all proportions to form a homogenous solution.
[0014] As used herein with reference to the first aspect of the
invention, the term "partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvent" describes a compound that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and
has a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml
and about 100 mg/ml.
[0015] As used herein with reference to the second aspect of the
invention, the term "partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvent" describes a compound that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and
has a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between
about 0.05 and about 0.5.
[0016] As used herein with reference to the first aspect of the
invention, the term "water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent"
describes a compound that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and has a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0017] As used herein with reference to the second aspect of the
invention, the term "water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent"
describes a compound that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and has a
partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than
about 5.
[0018] Unless stated otherwise, water solubility values recited
herein are the water solubility measured based on the preliminary
test of OECD (1995), Test No. 105: Water Solubility, OECD
Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, OECD
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069589-en. In a
stepwise procedure, increasing volumes of distilled water are added
at 20.degree. C. to 0.1 g of the sample (solid substances must be
pulverized) in a 10 ml glass-stoppered measuring cylinder. However,
when the substance is an acid, the sample is added to the distilled
water in the first step. After each addition of an amount of water,
the mixture is shaken for 10 minutes and is visually checked for
any undissolved parts of the sample. If, after addition of 10 ml of
water, the sample or parts of it remain undissolved, the experiment
is continued in a 100 ml measuring cylinder. The approximate
solubility is given in Table 1 below under that volume of water in
which complete dissolution of the sample occurs.
[0019] When the solubility is low, a long time may be required to
dissolve a substance and at least 24 hours should be allowed. If,
after 24 hours, the substance is still not dissolved, the measuring
cylinder is placed for at 40.degree. C. in an ultrasound bath for
15 minutes and another 24 hours allowed (up to a maximum of 96
hours). If the substance is still not dissolved, the solubility is
considered to be below the limit value or not soluble.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 ml of water in which 0.1 g of sample is
soluble 0.1 0.5 1 2 10 100 >100 Approximate >1000 1000 200
100 50 10 <1 solubility (mg/ml) to 200 to 100 to 50 to 10 to
1
[0020] Unless stated otherwise, partition coefficient (log P)
values recited herein are the octanol/water partition coefficient
(log P.sub.OW) measured in accordance with: OECD (1995), Test No.
107: Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method,
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, OECD
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069626-en (for
values in the range log P.sub.OW between -2 and 4); OECD (2004),
Test No. 117: Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method,
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1, OECD
Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264069824-en (for
values in the range log P.sub.OW between 0 and 6); and OECD (2006),
Test No. 123: Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water):
Slow-Stirring Method, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals,
Section 1, OECD Publishing, Paris,
https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264015845-en (for values in the range
log P.sub.OW up to 8.2).
[0021] Inclusion of a combination of at least one of water and one
or more water-miscible solvents, one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents and one or more water
insoluble, water-immiscible solvents in the liquid nicotine
formulation according to the invention advantageously enables
generation of an inhalable aerosol providing improved nicotine
satisfaction to a user compared to aerosols generated from typical
liquid nicotine formulations. In particular, inclusion of a
combination of at least one of water and one or more water-miscible
solvents, one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents
in the liquid nicotine formulation according to the invention
advantageously enables generation of an inhalable aerosol having
improved lung deposition characteristics and nicotine retention
compared to aerosols generated from typical liquid nicotine
formulations.
[0022] Due to inclusion of a combination of at least one of water
and one or more water-miscible solvents, one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents and one or more water
insoluble, water-immiscible solvents, when used in an
aerosol-generating system the liquid nicotine formulation according
to the invention generates an inhalable aerosol comprising
dual-phase particles or droplets comprising an aqueous or
water-miscible phase and a water-immiscible phase. This
advantageously reduces nicotine adsorption in the upper airways and
enhances pulmonary nicotine delivery and retention. Without wishing
to be bound by theory, the improvement in pulmonary nicotine
delivery and retention is believed to be due to coating or
enveloping of the aqueous or water-miscible phase by the water
immiscible phase. This is believed to reduce nicotine evaporation
and adsorption in the upper airways.
[0023] Unless stated otherwise, percentages by weight of components
of the liquid nicotine formulation recited herein are based on the
total weight of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0024] The liquid nicotine formulation may comprise natural
nicotine or synthetic nicotine.
[0025] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content
of greater than or equal to about 0.5 percent by weight.
[0026] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine
content of greater than or equal to about 1 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content
of greater than or equal to about 1.5 percent by weight.
[0027] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content
of less than or equal to about 10 percent by weight. The liquid
nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content of less than or
equal to about 8 percent by weight.
[0028] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine
content of less than or equal to about 5 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine content
of less than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
[0029] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a nicotine content
of between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 10 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
nicotine content of between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 8
percent by weight, between about 0.5 percent by weight and about 5
percent by weight or between about 0.5 percent by weight and about
3 percent by weight.
[0030] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a nicotine
content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 10 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
nicotine content of between about 1 percent by weight and about 8
percent by weight, between about 1 percent by weight and about 5
percent by weight or between about 1 percent by weight and about 3
percent by weight.
[0031] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
nicotine content of between about 1.5 percent by weight and about
10 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation
may have a nicotine content of between about 1.5 percent by weight
and about 8 percent by weight, between about 1.5 percent by weight
and about 5 percent by weight or between about 1.5 percent by
weight and about 3 percent by weight.
[0032] The liquid nicotine formulation comprises at least one of
water and one or more water-miscible solvents. That is, the liquid
nicotine comprises water or one or more miscible solvents or both
water and one or more miscible solvents.
[0033] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a total water and
water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 50
percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 55 percent by
weight.
[0034] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a total
water and water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal
to about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a total water and water-miscible solvent content of
greater than or equal to 65 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a total water and
water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 70
percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 75 percent by
weight, greater than or equal to about 80 percent by weight or
greater than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
[0035] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water, the water may advantageously help to dissolve and
stabilise polar components and ionic components of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0036] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water, preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water content of greater than or equal to about 5 percent by
weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-content of greater than or equal to about 10 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of greater than or equal to about 15 percent by
weight, greater than or equal to about 20 percent by weight,
greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight, greater than
or equal to about 30 percent by weight or greater than or equal to
about 35 percent by weight.
[0037] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of less than or equal to about 90 percent by weight.
[0038] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water, preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water content of less than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content
of less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight, less than or
equal to about 70 percent by weight or less than or equal to about
65 percent by weight.
[0039] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 90 percent
by weight. Preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 85 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 65
percent by weight.
[0040] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 10 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight.
More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water
content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 85 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about
65 percent by weight.
[0041] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water
content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 90 percent
by weight or between about 15 percent by weight and about 85
percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may
have a water content of between about 15 percent by weight and
about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and
about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and
about 70 percent by weight or between about 15 percent by weight
and about 65 percent by weight.
[0042] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 20 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight
or between about 20 percent by weight and about 85 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about
65 percent by weight.
[0043] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 25 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight
or between about 25 percent by weight and about 85 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about
65 percent by weight.
[0044] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 30 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight
or between about 30 percent by weight and about 85 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 30 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 30 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 30 percent by weight and about
65 percent by weight.
[0045] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water content of
between about 35 percent by weight and about 90 percent by weight
or between about 35 percent by weight and about 85 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water content of between about 35 percent by weight and about 80
percent by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 75
percent by weight, between about 35 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight or between about 35 percent by weight and about
65 percent by weight.
[0046] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible solvents, the one or more
water-miscible solvents may advantageously help to dissolve and
stabilise polar components and ionic components of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0047] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible solvents, preferably the
liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of
greater than or equal to about 5 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible
solvent content of greater than or equal to about 10 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 15
percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 20 percent by
weight or greater than or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
[0048] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight
or less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight.
[0049] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible solvents, preferably the
liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of
less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight. More preferably,
the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent
content of less than or equal to about 60 percent by weight. For
example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight
or less than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
[0050] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible solvents, preferably the
liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible solvent content of
between about 5 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water-miscible solvent content of between about 5 percent by weight
and about 60 percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight
and about 50 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight
and about 40 percent by weight.
[0051] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible solvent content of between about 10 percent by
weight and about 70 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of
between about 10 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight,
between about 10 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight
or between about 10 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0052] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible solvents, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a water-miscible solvent content of between
about 15 percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between
about 15 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between
about 15 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or
between about 15 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0053] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of between about 20 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 20 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0054] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
solvent content of between about 25 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 25 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0055] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible solvents, preferably, the one
or more water-miscible solvents are one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols.
[0056] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-miscible polyhydric alcohol" describes a polyhydric alcohol
that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and mixes with water in all
proportions to form a homogenous solution.
[0057] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine formulation for
use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine
formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or more
water-miscible polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility
at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and
one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0058] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility
at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and
one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0059] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: at
least one of water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric
alcohols; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of between
about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more water
insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at
20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5 mg/ml; and an
atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0060] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine formulation
comprising: at least one of water and one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents a having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0061] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and
about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible
solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C.
of greater than about 5.
[0062] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: at
least one of water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric
alcohols; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of
between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5; and an atomiser
configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0063] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal to about 5
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or
equal to about 10 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol
content of greater than or equal to about 15 percent by weight,
greater than or equal to about 20 percent by weight or greater than
or equal to about 25 percent by weight.
[0064] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight
or less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight.
[0065] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of less than or equal to about 70
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of less than or
equal to about 60 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol
content of less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight or less
than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
[0066] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 5 percent by weight and
about 70 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of
between about 5 percent by weight and about 60 percent by weight,
between about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent by weight or
between about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0067] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of between about 10
percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of between about 10 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0068] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of between about 15 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 15 percent by weight and about
40 percent by weight.
[0069] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 20 percent by weight
and about 70 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight
and about 60 percent by weight, between about 20 percent by weight
and about 50 percent by weight or between about 20 percent by
weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0070] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-miscible
polyhydric alcohol content of between about 25 percent by weight
and about 70 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight
and about 60 percent by weight, between about 25 percent by weight
and about 50 percent by weight or between about 25 percent by
weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0071] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
preferably the one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols are
selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butanediol, glycerine,
propylene glycol, and triethylene glycol.
[0072] More preferably, the one or more water-miscible polyhydric
alcohols are selected from the group consisting of glycerine and
propylene glycol.
[0073] Most preferably, the one or more water-miscible polyhydric
alcohols are selected from the group consisting of vegetable
glycerine and propylene glycol.
[0074] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine formulation for
use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine
formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or more
water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the group
consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility
at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and
one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0075] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine formulation for
use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine
formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or more
water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the group
consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility
at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and
one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0076] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible polyhydric alcohol selected from the group
consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility
at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and
one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0077] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is further provided a liquid nicotine
formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the group
consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and
about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible
solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C.
of greater than about 5.
[0078] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the group
consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and
about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible
solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C.
of greater than about 5.
[0079] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: at
least one of water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric
alcohols selected from the group consisting of glycerine and
propylene glycol; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents a having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5; and
an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0080] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of less than or equal to about 80 percent
by weight or less than or equal to about 75 percent by weight.
[0081] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine
and propylene glycol content of less than or equal to about 70
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of less than
or equal to about 60 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene
glycol content of less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight
or less than or equal to about 40 percent by weight.
[0082] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of between about 5 percent by weight and
about 80 percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and
about 75 percent by weight.
[0083] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined glycerine
and propylene glycol content of between about 5 percent by weight
and about 70 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a combined glycerine and propylene glycol
content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 60 percent
by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 50 percent
by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40 percent
by weight.
[0084] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of between about 10 percent by weight and
about 80 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight
and about 75 percent by weight.
[0085] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
combined glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 10
percent by weight and about 70 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of between about 10 percent by weight and
about 60 percent by weight, between about 10 percent by weight and
about 50 percent by weight or between about 10 percent by weight
and about 40 percent by weight.
[0086] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined glycerine and
propylene glycol content of between about 15 percent by weight and
about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and
about 75 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and
about 70 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and
about 60 percent by weight, between about 15 percent by weight and
about 50 percent by weight or between about 15 percent by weight
and about 40 percent by weight.
[0087] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined
glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 20 percent
by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 20 percent
by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 20
percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0088] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined
glycerine and propylene glycol content of between about 25 percent
by weight and about 80 percent by weight, between about 15 percent
by weight and about 75 percent by weight, between about 25 percent
by weight and about 70 percent by weight, between about 25 percent
by weight and about 60 percent by weight, between about 25 percent
by weight and about 50 percent by weight or between about 25
percent by weight and about 40 percent by weight.
[0089] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises water
and one or more water-miscible solvents.
[0090] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine formulation for
use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine
formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible solvents;
one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents
having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of between about 20
mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree.
C. of less than or equal to about 5 mg/ml.
[0091] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
solvents; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of between
about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more water
insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at
20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5 mg/ml.
[0092] According to a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: water;
one or more water-miscible solvents; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility
at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and
one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml; and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0093] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine formulation for
use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine
formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible solvents;
one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents
having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between
about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0094] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
solvents; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of
between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0095] According to a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of
the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: water;
one or more water-miscible solvents; one or more partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and
about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible
solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C.
of greater than about 5; and an atomiser configured to generate an
aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0096] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water
and water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to
about 50 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 55
percent by weight.
[0097] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined
water and water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal
to about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a combined water and water-miscible solvent content
of greater than or equal to 65 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water and
water-miscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about 70
percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 75 percent by
weight, greater than or equal to about 80 percent by weight or
greater than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
[0098] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols.
[0099] According to a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect
of the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine formulation
for use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine
formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree.
C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0100] According to a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect
of the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree.
C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0101] According to a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect
of the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: water;
one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols; one or more
partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100
mg/ml; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents
having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to
about 5 mg/ml; and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol
from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0102] According to a more preferred embodiment of the second
aspect of the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine
formulation for use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents a having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0103] According to a more preferred embodiment of the second
aspect of the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use
in an aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents a having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0104] According to a more preferred embodiment of the second
aspect of the invention there is further provided an
aerosol-generating system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation
comprising: water; one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols;
one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents
having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of between
about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5; and an atomiser
configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0105] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water and
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal
to about 50 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 55
percent by weight.
[0106] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols,
preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined water and
water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than or equal
to about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a combined water and water-miscible polyhydric
alcohol content of greater than or equal to 65 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined
water and water-miscible polyhydric alcohol content of greater than
or equal to about 70 percent by weight, greater than or equal to
about 75 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 80
percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 85 percent by
weight.
[0107] Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected
from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol.
[0108] According to a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect
of the invention there is provided a liquid nicotine formulation
for use in an aerosol-generating system, the liquid nicotine
formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of glycerine
and propylene glycol; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree.
C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0109] According to a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect
of the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use in an
aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of glycerine
and propylene glycol; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree.
C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0110] According to a more preferred embodiment of the first aspect
of the invention there is further provided an aerosol-generating
system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation comprising: water;
one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols selected from the
group consisting of glycerine and propylene glycol; one or more
partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100
mg/ml; and one or more water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents
having a water solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to
about 5 mg/ml; and an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol
from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0111] According to a more preferred embodiment of the second
aspect of the invention there is further provided an
aerosol-generating system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation
comprising: water; one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols
selected from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene
glycol; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of
between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0112] According to a more preferred embodiment of the second
aspect of the invention there is also provided a cartridge for use
in an aerosol-generating system, the cartridge containing a liquid
nicotine formulation comprising: water; one or more water-miscible
polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of glycerine
and propylene glycol; one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents a having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0113] According to a more preferred embodiment of the second
aspect of the invention there is further provided an
aerosol-generating system comprising: a liquid nicotine formulation
comprising: water; one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols
selected from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene
glycol; one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of
between about 0.05 and about 0.5; and one or more water insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents a having a partition coefficient (log P)
at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5; and an atomiser
configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0114] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols
selected from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene
glycol, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined water,
glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or equal to
about 50 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 55
percent by weight.
[0115] In embodiments in which the liquid nicotine formulation
comprises water and one or more water-miscible polyhydric alcohols
selected from the group consisting of glycerine and propylene
glycol, preferably the liquid nicotine formulation has a combined
water, glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or
equal to about 60 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid
nicotine formulation has a combined water, glycerine and propylene
glycol content of greater than or equal to 65 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a combined
water, glycerine and propylene glycol content of greater than or
equal to about 70 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about
75 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 80 percent by
weight or greater than or equal to about 85 percent by weight.
[0116] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine
content of greater than or equal to about 5 percent by weight.
[0117] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
glycerine content of greater than or equal to about 6 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
glycerine content of greater than or equal to about 7 percent by
weight or greater than or equal to about 8 percent by weight.
[0118] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content
of less than or equal to about 80 percent by weight or less than or
equal to about 75 percent by weight.
[0119] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine
content of less than or equal to about 70 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine content
of less than or equal to about 60 percent by weight. For example,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content of
less than or equal to about 50 percent by weight or less than or
equal to about 40 percent by weight.
[0120] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a glycerine
content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 70 percent
by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
glycerine content of between about 5 percent by weight and about 60
percent by weight, between about 5 percent by weight and about 50
percent by weight or between about 5 percent by weight and about 40
percent by weight.
[0121] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
glycerine content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 70
percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may
have a glycerine content of between about 6 percent by weight and
about 60 percent by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and
about 50 percent by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and
about 40 percent by weight.
[0122] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content
of between about 7 percent by weight and about 70 percent by
weight, between about 7 percent by weight and about 60 percent by
weight, between about 7 percent by weight and about 50 percent by
weight or between about 7 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0123] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a glycerine content
of between about 8 percent by weight and about 70 percent by
weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 60 percent by
weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 50 percent by
weight or between about 8 percent by weight and about 40 percent by
weight.
[0124] The liquid nicotine formulation comprises water-immiscible
solvents.
[0125] As used herein with reference to the first aspect of the
invention, the term "water-immiscible solvent" describes a compound
that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and has a water solubility at
20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 100 mg/ml.
[0126] As used herein with reference to the second aspect of the
invention, the term "water-immiscible solvent" describes a compound
that is liquid at 20.degree. C. and has a partition coefficient
(log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than or equal to about
0.05.
[0127] According to the first aspect of the invention, the liquid
nicotine formulation comprises one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20.degree.
C. of between about 20 mg/ml and about 100 mg/ml and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents having a water
solubility at 20.degree. C. of less than or equal to about 5
mg/ml.
[0128] According to the second aspect of the invention, the liquid
nicotine formulation comprises one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents having a partition coefficient (log P) at
20.degree. C. of between about 0.05 and about 0.5 and one or more
water insoluble, water-immiscible solvents a having a partition
coefficient (log P) at 20.degree. C. of greater than about 5.
[0129] The water-immiscible solvents may advantageously help to
dissolve and stabilise non-polar components of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0130] The water-immiscible solvents may reduce the hygroscopicity
of an aerosol generated from the liquid nicotine formulation when
used in an aerosol-generating system. This may advantageously
reduce or prevent increases in the particle or droplet size of the
aerosol when inhaled by a user as a result of adsorption of water
in the respiratory tract.
[0131] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a total
water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about
2 percent by weight.
[0132] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"total water-immiscible solvent content" describes the combined
partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content and
water-insoluble solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0133] For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
total water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to
about 4 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 6 percent
by weight or greater than or equal to about 8 percent by
weight.
[0134] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a total
water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 40
percent by weight.
[0135] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a total
water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 35
percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may
have a total water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal
to about 30 percent by weight, less than or equal to about 25
percent by weight, less than or equal to about 20 percent by weight
or less than or equal to about 15 percent by weight.
[0136] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a total
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by
weight and about 35 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a total water-immiscible solvent
content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 30 percent
by weight, between about 2 percent by weight and about 25 percent
by weight, between about 2 percent by weight and about 20 percent
by weight or between about 2 percent by weight and about 15 percent
by weight.
[0137] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a total
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 4 percent by
weight and about 35 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a total water-immiscible solvent
content of between about 4 percent by weight and about 30 percent
by weight, between about 4 percent by weight and about 25 percent
by weight, between about 4 percent by weight and about 20 percent
by weight or between about 4 percent by weight and about 15 percent
by weight.
[0138] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a total
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 6 percent by
weight and about 35 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a total water-immiscible solvent
content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 30 percent
by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and about 25 percent
by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and about 20 percent
by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and about 15 percent
by weight.
[0139] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a total
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 8 percent by
weight and about 35 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a total water-immiscible solvent
content of between about 8 percent by weight and about 30 percent
by weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 25 percent
by weight, between about 8 percent by weight and about 20 percent
by weight or between about 8 percent by weight and about 15 percent
by weight.
[0140] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or
equal to about 0.5 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid
nicotine formulation has a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of greater than or equal to about
1 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation
may have a partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent
content of greater than or equal to about 2 percent by weight,
greater than or equal to about 4 percent by weight, greater than or
equal to about 6 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about
7 percent by weight or greater than or equal to about 8 percent by
weight.
[0141] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of less than or
equal to about 30 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 25
percent by weight, less than or equal to about 20 percent by weight
or less than or equal to about 15 percent by weight.
[0142] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about
0.5 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight. For example,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 0.5 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 0.5 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 0.5 percent
by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0143] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of
between about 1 percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight.
For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about 1
percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 1
percent by weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 1
percent by weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0144] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2
percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 2 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 2 percent by
weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0145] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about 4
percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 4 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 4 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 4 percent by
weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0146] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about 6
percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 6 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 6 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 6 percent by
weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0147] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about 7
percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 7 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 7 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 7 percent by
weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0148] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about 8
percent by weight and about 30 percent by weight. For example, the
liquid nicotine formulation may have a partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 8 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight, between about 8 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight or between about 8 percent by
weight and about 15 percent by weight.
[0149] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or
equal to about 0.75.
[0150] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be at least about 0.75 times the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0151] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent nicotine content of the liquid nicotine formulation is
greater than or equal to about 1. For example, the ratio of the
weight percent partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent
content to the weight percent nicotine content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about 1.25,
greater than or equal to about 1.5 or greater than or equal to
about 1.75.
[0152] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or
equal to about 20.
[0153] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be less than or equal to 20 times the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0154] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent nicotine content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less
than or equal to about 18. For example, the ratio of the weight
percent partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content
to the weight percent nicotine content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be less than or equal to about 16, less than or
equal to about 14 or less than or equal to about 12.
[0155] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about
0.75 and about 20, between about 0.75 and about 18, between about
0.75 and about 16, between about 0.75 and about 14 or between about
0.75 and about 12.
[0156] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent nicotine content of the liquid nicotine formulation is
between about 1 and about 20, between about 1 and about 18, between
about 1 and about 16, between about 1 and about 14 or between about
1 and about 12.
[0157] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about
1.25 and about 20, between about 1.25 and about 18, between about
1.25 and about 16, between about 1.25 and about 14 or between about
1.25 and about 12.
[0158] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 1.5
and about 20, between about 1.5 and about 18, between about 1.5 and
about 16, between about 1.5 and about 14 or between about 1.5 and
about 12.
[0159] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent nicotine
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about
1.75 and about 20, between about 1.75 and about 18, between about
1.75 and about 16, between about 1.75 and about 14 or between about
1.75 and about 12.
[0160] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be greater than or equal to about 0.06.
[0161] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be at least about 0.06 times the weight percent water-miscible
solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0162] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation is greater than or equal to about 0.08. For example,
the ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be greater than or equal to about 0.1, greater than or equal to
about 0.12 or greater than or equal to about 0.14.
[0163] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be less than or equal to about 1.2.
[0164] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be less than or equal to about 1.2 times the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0165] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation is less than or equal to about 1. For example, the
ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be less than or equal to about 0.8, less than or equal to about
0.6 or less than or equal to about 0.4.
[0166] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be between about 0.06 and about 1.2, between about 0.06 and
about 1, between about 0.06 and about 0.8, between about 0.06 and
about 0.6 or between about 0.06 and about 0.4.
[0167] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation is between about 0.08 and about 1.2, between about 0.08
and about 1, between about 0.08 and about 0.8, between about 0.08
and about 0.6 or between about 0.08 and about 0.4.
[0168] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be between about 0.1 and about 1.2, between about 0.1 and about
1, between about 0.1 and about 0.8, between about 0.1 and about 0.6
or between about 0.1 and about 0.4.
[0169] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be between about 0.12 and about 1.2, between about 0.12 and
about 1, between about 0.12 and about 0.8, between about 0.1 and
about 0.6 or between about 0.12 and about 0.4.
[0170] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-miscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be between about 0.14 and about 1.2, between about 0.14 and
about 1, between about 0.14 and about 0.8, between about 0.14 and
about 0.6 or between about 0.14 and about 0.4.
[0171] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or
equal to about 0.025.
[0172] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be at least about 0.02 times the weight percent water content
of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0173] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is greater
than or equal to about 0.03. For example, the ratio of the weight
percent partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content
to the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be greater than or equal to about 0.05, greater
than or equal to about 0.075 or greater than or equal to about
0.1.
[0174] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be less than or
equal to about 5.
[0175] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be less than or equal to about 5 times the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0176] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is less
than or equal to about 1. For example, the ratio of the weight
percent partially water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content
to the weight percent water content of the liquid nicotine
formulation may be less than or equal to about 0.8, less than or
equal to about 0.6 or less than or equal to about 0.4.
[0177] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about
0.02 and about 1.2, between about 0.02 and about 1, between about
0.02 and about 0.8, between about 0.02 and about 0.6 or between
about 0.02 and about 0.4.
[0178] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water content of the liquid nicotine formulation is between
about 0.03 and about 1.2, between about 0.03 and about 1, between
about 0.03 and about 0.8, between about 0.03 and about 0.6 or
between about 0.03 and about 0.4.
[0179] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about
0.05 and about 1.2, between about 0.05 and about 1, between about
0.05 and about 0.8, between about 0.05 and about 0.6 or between
about 0.05 and about 0.4.
[0180] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about
0.75 and about 1.2, between about 0.75 and about 1, between about
0.75 and about 0.8, between about 0.75 and about 0.6 or between
about 0.75 and about 0.4.
[0181] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent water
content of the liquid nicotine formulation may be between about 0.1
and about 1.2, between about 0.1 and about 1, between about 0.1 and
about 0.8, between about 0.1 and about 0.6 or between about 0.1 and
about 0.4.
[0182] The one or more partially water-soluble, water-immiscible
solvents may have a maximum carbon chain length of less than or
equal to 12. For example, the one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents may have a maximum carbon chain length of
less than or equal to 10.
[0183] Preferably, the one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents are selected from the group consisting of
polysorbate 80, triethyl citrate and triacetin.
[0184] More preferably, the one or more partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvents are selected from the group consisting of
triethyl citrate and triacetin.
[0185] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of greater than
or equal to about 0.5 percent by weight. More preferably, the
liquid nicotine formulation has a water-insoluble, water-immiscible
solvent content of greater than or equal to about 1 percent by
weight. For example, the liquid nicotine formulation may have a
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of greater than
or equal to about 2 percent by weight, greater than or equal to
about 3 percent by weight, greater than or equal to about 4 percent
by weight or greater than or equal to about 6 percent by
weight.
[0186] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of less than or equal to about 30
percent by weight.
[0187] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of less than or
equal to about 25 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble, water-immiscible
solvent content of less than or equal to about 20 percent by
weight, less than or equal to about 15 percent by weight or less
than or equal to about 10 percent by weight.
[0188] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about
0.5 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight. For example,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 0.5 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight, between about 0.5 percent by
weight and about 15 percent by weight or between about 0.5 percent
by weight and about 10 percent by weight.
[0189] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of between about
1 percent by weight and about 25 percent by weight. For example,
the liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 1 percent by
weight and about 20 percent by weight, between about 1 percent by
weight and about 15 percent by weight or between about 1 percent by
weight and about 10 percent by weight.
[0190] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 2 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble, water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 2 percent by weight and about 20
percent by weight, between about 2 percent by weight and about 15
percent by weight or between about 2 percent by weight and about 10
percent by weight.
[0191] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 3 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble, water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 3 percent by weight and about 20
percent by weight, between about 3 percent by weight and about 15
percent by weight or between about 3 percent by weight and about 10
percent by weight.
[0192] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 4 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble, water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 4 percent by weight and about 20
percent by weight, between about 4 percent by weight and about 15
percent by weight or between about 4 percent by weight and about 10
percent by weight.
[0193] The liquid nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of between about 6 percent by
weight and about 25 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-insoluble, water-immiscible
solvent content of between about 6 percent by weight and about 20
percent by weight, between about 6 percent by weight and about 15
percent by weight or between about 6 percent by weight and about 10
percent by weight.
[0194] The one or more water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvents
may have a maximum carbon chain length of less than or equal to 30.
For example, the one or more water-insoluble, water-immiscible
solvents may have a maximum carbon chain length of less than or
equal to 20, less than or equal to 18, less than or equal to 16,
less than or equal to 14 or less than or equal to 12.
[0195] Preferably, the one or more one or more water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvents are selected from the group consisting of
oleic acid and MIGLYOL.RTM. (mixture of decanoyl- and octanoyl
glycerides).
[0196] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about 0.2.
[0197] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be at least about 0.2 times the weight percent water-insoluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine
formulation.
[0198] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is greater than or equal to about 0.4.
For example, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation may be greater than or equal to about
0.6, greater than or equal to about 0.8 or greater than or equal to
about 1.
[0199] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 35.
[0200] That is, the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid nicotine formulation
may be less than or equal to 35 times the weight percent
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation.
[0201] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is less than or equal to about 30. For
example, the ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be less than or equal to about 25, less
than or equal to about 20 or less than or equal to about 15.
[0202] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be between about 0.2 and about 35, between
about 0.2 and about 30, between about 0.2 and about 25, between
about 0.2 and about 20 or between about 0.2 and about 15.
[0203] Preferably, the ratio of the weight percent partially
water-soluble, water-immiscible solvent content to the weight
percent water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the
liquid nicotine formulation is between about 0.4 and about 35,
between about 0.4 and about 30, between about 0.4 and about 25,
between about 0.4 and about 20 or between about 0.4 and about
15.
[0204] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be between about 0.6 and about 35, between
about 0.6 and about 30, between about 0.6 and about 25, between
about 0.6 and about 20 or between about 0.6 and about 15.
[0205] The ratio of the weight percent partially water-soluble,
water-immiscible solvent content to the weight percent
water-insoluble, water-immiscible solvent content of the liquid
nicotine formulation may be between about 0.8 and about 35, between
about 0.8 and about 30, between about 0.8 and about 25, between
about 0.8 and about 20 or between about 0.8 and about 15.
[0206] The liquid nicotine formulation may be a substantially
uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation.
[0207] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"substantially uncaffeinated liquid nicotine formulation" describes
a liquid nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of less
than 0.5 percent by weight. For example, the liquid nicotine
formulation may have a caffeine content of less than about 0.4
percent by weight, less than about 0.3 percent by weight or less
than about 0.2 percent by weight.
[0208] The liquid nicotine formulation may be a substantially
caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation.
[0209] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"substantially caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation" describes
a liquid nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of less
than about 0.1 percent by weight.
[0210] The liquid nicotine formulation may be a caffeine-free
liquid nicotine formulation.
[0211] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"caffeine-free liquid nicotine formulation" describes a liquid
nicotine formulation having a caffeine content of 0 percent by
weight.
[0212] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"caffeine" describes caffeine or a caffeine salt. When referring to
a caffeine salt, the amounts of caffeine recited herein are the
amount of caffeine cation.
[0213] The liquid nicotine formulation may comprise one or more
solid emulsifiers.
[0214] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"solid emulsifier" describes an emulsifier that is solid at
20.degree. C. Suitable solid emulsifiers include, but are not
limited to, 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol, Kolliphor.RTM. P 188, sodium
caseinate, sodium dodecanoate and sodium docusate.
[0215] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a solid
emulsifier content of less than or equal to about 8 percent by
weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
solid emulsifier content of less than or equal to about 5 percent
by weight.
[0216] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises one or
more water-soluble organic acids.
[0217] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"water-soluble organic acid" describes an organic acid having a
water solubility at 20.degree. C. of greater than or equal to about
500 mg/ml.
[0218] The one or more water-soluble organic acids may
advantageously bind nicotine in the liquid nicotine formulation
through formation of one or nicotine salts.
[0219] The one or more nicotine salts may advantageously be
dissolved and stabilised in the at least one of water and one or
more water-miscible solvents. This may advantageously reduce
nicotine adsorption in the upper airways and enhance pulmonary
nicotine delivery and retention as discussed above.
[0220] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
one or more water-soluble carboxylic acids.
[0221] Suitable water-soluble carboxylic acids include, but are not
limited to, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid,
malic acid, malonic acid and pyruvic acid.
[0222] Most preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation comprises
lactic acid.
[0223] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of greater than or equal to
about 2 percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine
formulation has a water-soluble organic acid content of greater
than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
[0224] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of less than or equal to about 8
percent by weight. More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation
has a water-soluble organic acid content of less than or equal to
about 6 percent by weight.
[0225] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of between about 2 percent by
weight and about 8 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-soluble organic acid content
of between about 2 percent by weight and about 6 percent by
weight.
[0226] More preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a
water-soluble organic acid content of between about 3 percent by
weight and about 8 percent by weight. For example, the liquid
nicotine formulation may have a water-soluble organic acid content
of between about 2 percent by weight and about 6 percent by
weight.
[0227] The liquid nicotine formulation may comprise one or more
flavourants. Suitable flavourants include, but are not limited to,
menthol.
[0228] Preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a flavourant
content of less than or equal to about 4 percent by weight. More
preferably, the liquid nicotine formulation has a flavourant
content of less than or equal to about 3 percent by weight.
[0229] According to the invention there is also provided a
cartridge for use in an aerosol-generating system, the cartridge
containing a liquid nicotine formulation according to the
invention.
[0230] The cartridge may comprise an atomiser configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0231] A cartridge containing the liquid nicotine formulation and
an atomiser configured to generate an aerosol from the liquid
nicotine formulation may be referred to as a "cartomiser".
[0232] The atomiser may be a thermal atomiser.
[0233] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"thermal atomiser" describes an atomiser that is configured to heat
the liquid nicotine formulation to generate an aerosol.
[0234] The cartridge may comprise any suitable type of thermal
atomiser.
[0235] The thermal atomiser may comprise a heater and a liquid
transport element configured to transport liquid nicotine
formulation to the heater.
[0236] The liquid transport element may comprise a capillary wick.
The heater may comprise a heater coil.
[0237] The thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater. For
example, the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater
comprising a resistive heating element or an inductive heating
element.
[0238] The atomiser may be a non-thermal atomiser.
[0239] As used herein with reference to the invention, the term
"non-thermal atomiser" describes an atomiser that is configured to
generate an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation by means
other than heating.
[0240] The cartridge may comprise any suitable type of non-thermal
atomiser.
[0241] For example, the non-thermal atomiser may be an impinging
jet atomiser, an ultrasonic atomiser or a vibrating mesh
atomiser.
[0242] According to the invention there is further provided an
aerosol-generating system comprising a liquid nicotine formulation
according to the invention and an atomiser configured to generate
an aerosol from the liquid nicotine formulation.
[0243] The atomiser may be a thermal atomiser.
[0244] The aerosol-generating system may comprise any suitable type
of thermal atomiser.
[0245] The thermal atomiser may comprise a heater and a liquid
transport element configured to transport liquid nicotine
formulation to the heater.
[0246] The liquid transport element may comprise a capillary wick.
The heater may comprise a heater coil.
[0247] The thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater. For
example, the thermal atomiser may comprise an electric heater
comprising a resistive heating element or an inductive heating
element.
[0248] The atomiser may be a non-thermal atomiser.
[0249] The aerosol-generating system may comprise any suitable type
of non-thermal atomiser.
[0250] For example, the non-thermal atomiser may be an impinging
jet atomiser, an ultrasonic atomiser or a vibrating mesh
atomiser.
[0251] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge
according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation; and an aerosol-generating device comprising a housing
defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion
of the cartridge.
[0252] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a consumable
cartridge according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation; and a reusable aerosol-generating device comprising a
housing defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a
portion of the cartridge.
[0253] The aerosol-generating device may comprise a battery and
control electronics.
[0254] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge
according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation and the atomiser; and an aerosol-generating device
comprising a housing defining a device cavity configured to receive
at least a portion of the cartridge.
[0255] The aerosol-generating system may comprise: a cartridge
according to the invention containing the liquid nicotine
formulation; and an aerosol-generating device comprising a housing
defining a device cavity configured to receive at least a portion
of the cartridge and the atomiser.
[0256] For the avoidance of doubt, features described above in
relation to one aspect of the invention may also be applicable to
other aspects of the invention. In particular, features described
above in relation to the liquid nicotine formulation of the
invention may also relate, where appropriate, to the cartridge of
the invention and the aerosol-generating system of the invention.
Similarly, features described above in relation to the cartridge of
the invention may also relate, where appropriate, to the
aerosol-generating system of the invention, and vice versa.
[0257] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way
of example only, with reference to the following examples:
EXAMPLES
[0258] Nine liquid nicotine formulations according to the invention
(Examples A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I) were prepared having the
compositions shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example A B C D E F G H I Nicotine (% by
weight) 2 5 1 2 5 1 2 1 5 Water (% by weight) 27 27 26 33 25 29 20
28 25 Vegetable Glycerine (% by weight) water-miscible solvent 30
20 30 30 20 30 30 30 20 Propylene Glycol (% by weight) 20 15 15 20
15 15 10 20 30 Triethyl Citrate (% by weight) partially
water-soluble, 5 5 15 5 5 15 10 5 5 Polysorbate 80 (% by weight)
water-immiscible solvent 3 5 3 3 5 3 0 3 5 Miglyol .RTM. (% by
weight) water insoluble, 5 15 5 5 23 5 22 5 5 water-immiscible
solvent Lactic Acid (% by weight) water-soluble 6 6 3 0 0 0 2 0 0
Levulinic Acid (% by weight) organic acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 3
Flavourant (% by weight) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
* * * * *
References