U.S. patent application number 17/498075 was filed with the patent office on 2022-01-27 for analogs of pridopidine, their preparation and use.
This patent application is currently assigned to PRILENIA NEUROTHERAPEUTICS LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is PRILENIA NEUROTHERAPEUTICS LTD.. Invention is credited to Kalle KALJUSTE, Marit LAOS, Ants MAASALU, Malle PARI, Malle SCHMIDT.
Application Number | 20220023280 17/498075 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005895145 |
Filed Date | 2022-01-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220023280 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SCHMIDT; Malle ; et
al. |
January 27, 2022 |
ANALOGS OF PRIDOPIDINE, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE
Abstract
This invention provides a composition comprising pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compounds 1-8: ##STR00001## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof; and to methods of use thereof.
Inventors: |
SCHMIDT; Malle; (Tallinn,
EE) ; PARI; Malle; (Tallinn, EE) ; LAOS;
Marit; (Tallinn, EE) ; MAASALU; Ants;
(Tallinn, EE) ; KALJUSTE; Kalle; (Tallinn,
EE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
PRILENIA NEUROTHERAPEUTICS LTD. |
Herzliya |
|
IL |
|
|
Assignee: |
PRILENIA NEUROTHERAPEUTICS
LTD.
|
Family ID: |
1000005895145 |
Appl. No.: |
17/498075 |
Filed: |
October 11, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16535107 |
Aug 8, 2019 |
11141412 |
|
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17498075 |
|
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|
16150977 |
Oct 3, 2018 |
10406145 |
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16535107 |
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14754339 |
Jun 29, 2015 |
10130621 |
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16150977 |
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62076436 |
Nov 6, 2014 |
|
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62019337 |
Jun 30, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N 30/88 20130101;
C07D 211/24 20130101; G01N 2030/8872 20130101; A61K 31/451
20130101; C07D 211/52 20130101; C07D 211/42 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 31/451 20060101
A61K031/451; C07D 211/52 20060101 C07D211/52; C07D 211/24 20060101
C07D211/24; C07D 211/42 20060101 C07D211/42; G01N 30/88 20060101
G01N030/88 |
Claims
1. A method of treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of a neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease or
disorder in a subject; wherein the method comprises administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof: ##STR00055## wherein the neurodegenerative
disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting from
Huntington Disease, prodromal/premanifest Huntington disease,
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease,
Parkinson's Disease associated with glucocerebrosidase (GBA)
deficiency, dystonia, cognitive disorder, dyskinesia, mild
cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease, age related memory
loss, depression and anxiety, bacterial infections-induced
depression, optic neuropathies including glaucoma, age-related
macular degeneration (AMD), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
(LHON) and retinitis pigmentosa, mitochondrial disease or
dysfunction, Wolfram disease and a viral infection; and wherein the
neurodevelopmental disease or disorder is Rett syndrome and Fragile
X Syndrome.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises treating,
slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of
symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of Huntington
disease, wherein the Huntington disease is an early stage
Huntington disease.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises treating,
slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of
symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of ALS.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises treating,
slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of
symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of dystonia,
wherein the dystonia is a severe dystonia.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method treating, slowing the
progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of symptoms or
slowing the progression of symptoms of Rett Syndrome.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises treating,
slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of
symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of a mitochondrial
disease or dysfunction, wherein the mitochondrial disease or
dysfunction is Lysosomal Storage Disease (LSD), leukodystrophies or
a vanishing white matter (VWM) disease.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof or combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and
compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
pridopidine salt, wherein the salt is hydrochloride, hydrobromide,
nitrate, perchlorate, phosphate, sulphate, formate, acetate,
aconate, ascorbate, benzenesulphonate, benzoate, cinnamate,
citrate, embonate, enantate, fumarate, glutamate, glycolate,
lactate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, methane-sulphonate,
naphthalene-2-sulphonate, phthalate, salicylate, sorbate, stearate,
succinate, tartrate or toluene-p-sulphonate salt.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is an oral
dosage unit comprising between 0.5-315 mg pridopidine.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage unit form
comprises between 0.5-10 mg pridopidine.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage unit form
comprises between 10-22.5 mg pridopidine.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage unit form
comprises between 22.5-45 mg pridopidine.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage unit form
comprises between 45-250 mg pridopidine.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the oral dosage unit form
comprises between 45-135 mg pridopidine.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage unit form
comprises between 90-315 mg pridopidine.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio between the
pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 is in the range of
1:0.001 to 1:0.1.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the weight ratio between the
pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 is in the range of
1:0.005 to 1:0.1.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the weight ratio between the
pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 is in the range of
1:0.001 to 1:0.005.
21. The method of claim 11, wherein the oral dosage unit is
formulated as a tablet, a capsule, a pill, powder, liquid solution
or as a liquid suspension.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a Continuation in Part application from
U.S. application Ser. No. 16/535,107 filed Aug. 8, 2019, which is a
Continuation application from U.S. application Ser. No. 16/150,977
filed Oct. 3, 2018, which is a Divisional application from U.S.
application Ser. No. 14/754,339 filed Jun. 29, 2015, which claims
the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/076,436, filed
Nov. 6, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/019,337,
filed Jun. 30, 2014, the entire contents of which are hereby
incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0002] Disclosures of the publications cited in this application in
their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this
application in order to more fully describe the state of the art as
of the date of the invention described herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Pridopidine
(4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propyl-piperidine) (formerly known
as ACR16, Huntexil.RTM., TV-7820), is in clinical development for
treatment of HD and ALS. Processes of synthesis of pridopidine and
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 7,923,459. U.S. Pat. No. 6,903,120.
[0004] Pridopidine has a selective and high affinity for the
sigma-1 receptor (S1R, binding IC50 "100 nM), with low-affinity
binding to additional receptors, including the dopamine D2/D3
receptors (in the micromolar range).
[0005] The S1R in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein
implicated in cellular differentiation, neuroplasticity,
neuroprotection and cognitive function in the brain. Activation of
the S1R by pridopidine leads to upregulation of pathways known to
promote neuronal plasticity and survival, including the
AKT/Phosphoinositide kinase (PI3K) pathway and the dopamine
receptor 1 (D1R).
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] This invention provides an isolated compound having the
structure:
##STR00002##
or a salt thereof.
[0007] This invention also provides a composition comprising
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one compound 1-8:
##STR00003##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the weight
ratio between pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 is in
the range of 1:0.001 to 1:0.1.
[0008] This invention also provides a composition comprising a
compound having the structure:
##STR00004## [0009] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein the composition is free of pridopidine or a salt
thereof.
[0010] The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
comprising an amount of pridopidine and at least one of Compound 1,
Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 6, and
Compound 7 wherein [0011] a) Compound 1 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0012] b) Compound 2 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0013] c) Compound 3 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0014] d) Compound 4 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0015] e) Compound 5 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0016] f) Compound 6 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0017] g) Compound 7 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method.
[0018] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 1 comprising the step of oxidizing
4-hydroxy-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium chloride
with an oxidizing agent to form Compound 1.
[0019] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 2 comprising the steps of: [0020] a) reacting
3-bromothioanisole with ethyl 3-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)propanoate to
form
1-(3-hydroxy-3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl-
)piperidin-4-ol, [0021] b) dehydrating the
1-(3-hydroxy-3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl-
)piperidin-4-ol formed in step a) with a dehydrating agent to
obtain
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1,2,3,6-t-
etrahydropyridine, [0022] c) oxidizing the
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)
phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine formed in step b) with an
oxidizing agent to form
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-
,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and [0023] d) hydrogenating the
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)
phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine formed in step c) with a
hydrogenating agent to form Compound 2.
[0024] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 3 comprising the steps of: [0025] a) reacting 3-bromo
thiophenol and 1,4-dibromobutane to form
1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)thio)butane, [0026] b) oxidizing the
1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)thio)butane formed in step a) with an
oxidizing agent to form 1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)butane,
[0027] c) reacting 4-pyridinylboronic acid with the
1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)butane formed in step b) to obtain
1,4-bis((3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)butane, [0028] d) reacting
1-iodopropane with 1,4-bis((3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)butane
formed in step c) to form
4,4'-((butane-1,4-diyldisulfonyl)bis(3,1-phenylene))bis(1-propylpyridine--
1-ium)iodide, [0029] e) adding a reducing agent to
4,4'-((butane-1,4-diyldisulfonyl)bis(3,1-phenylene))bis(1-propylpyridin-1-
-ium)iodide formed in step d) to form
1,4-bis((3-(1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)
butane, and [0030] f) hydrogenating the
1,4-bis((3-(1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)
butane formed in step e) with a hydrogenating agent to obtain
Compound 3.
[0031] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 4 comprising the steps of: [0032] a) epoxidizing
4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
with an epoxidizing agent to form (1
S,6S)-6-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-propyl-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo
[4.1.0]heptane, and [0033] b) nucleophilically opening the epoxide
of the
(1S,6S)-6-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-propyl-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo
[4.1.0]heptane of step a) with a nucleophile to obtain Compound
4.
[0034] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 5 comprising the step of reacting pridopidine with a
peroxide to obtain Compound 5.
[0035] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 6 comprising the step of reacting
4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)piperidine with
1-chloro-2-methylpentane to obtain Compound 6.
[0036] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 7 comprising the steps of: [0037] a) dehydrating
4-hydroxy-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium
chloride with a dehydrating agent to form
4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium
hydrogen sulfate, [0038] b) oxidizing
4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium
hydrogen sulfate of step b) with an oxidizing agent to form
Compound 7. In one embodiment, the dehydrating agent is a strong
acid, preferably sulphuric acid. In another embodiment, the
dehydrating agent is a strong acid. In another embodiment, the
dehydrating agent is sulphuric acid. In another embodiment, the
oxidizing agent is a peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide. In
another embodiment, the oxidizing agent is a peroxide. In another
embodiment, the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
[0039] This invention also provides a process for producing a
pridopidine drug product comprising obtaining a pridopidine drug
substance and mixing the pridopidine drug substance with suitable
excipients so as to produce the pridopidine drug product, wherein
the pridopidine drug substance comprises: [0040] i) an amount of
Compound 1 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not more than
0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or
[0041] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the pridopidine drug
substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0042] iii) an amount of Compound
3 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15%
Compound 3, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0043]
iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the pridopidine drug substance that
is not more than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0044] v) an amount of Compound 5 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 5,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0045] vi) an
amount of Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine.
[0046] This invention also provides a process for producing a
pridopidine drug product for commercial sale comprising obtaining a
batch of pridopidine drug product that comprises: [0047] i) an
amount of Compound 1 in the batch of pridopidine drug product that
is not more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0048] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the batch of
pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0049] iii) an
amount of Compound 3 in the batch of pridopidine drug product that
is not more than 0.15-% Compound 3, relative to the concentration
of pridopidine, or [0050] iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the batch
of pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15-% Compound
4, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0051] v) an
amount of Compound 5 in the batch of pridopidine drug product that
is not more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0052] vi) an amount of Compound 6 in the batch of
pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15% Compound 6,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, and preparing the
batch of pridopidine drug product for commercial sale.
[0053] This invention also provides a process of distributing a
pridopidine drug product comprising a pridopidine drug substance
comprising, [0054] a) obtaining the pridopidine drug product
wherein the pridopidine drug substance comprises: [0055] i) an
amount of Compound 1 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0056] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0057] iii) an
amount of Compound 3 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 3, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0058] iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 4,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0059] v) an
amount of Compound 5 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0060] vi) an amount of Compound 6 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 6,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine; and [0061] b)
distributing the pridopidine drug product comprising the
pridopidine drug substance.
[0062] This invention also provides a process of distributing a
pridopidine drug product comprising, [0063] a) obtaining the
pridopidine drug product that comprises: [0064] i) an amount of
Compound 1 in the pridopidine drug product that is not more than
0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or
[0065] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the pridopidine drug product
that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0066] iii) an amount of Compound
3 in the pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15%
Compound 3, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0067]
iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the pridopidine drug product that is
not more than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0068] v) an amount of Compound 5 in the
pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15% Compound 5,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0069] vi) an
amount of Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug product that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine; and [0070] b) distributing the pridopidine drug
product.
[0071] This invention also provides a method of treating a subject
afflicted with a neurodegenerative disease or a neurodegenerative
disorder comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical
composition.
[0072] This invention also provides a method of treating a subject
afflicted with Huntington disease comprising administering to the
subject the pharmaceutical composition.
[0073] This invention further provides a method of treating,
slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of
symptoms, or slowing the progression of symptoms of a
neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease or disorder in a
subject; wherein the method comprises administering a composition
comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein the neurodegenerative disease or
disorder is selected from the group consisting from Huntington
Disease, prodromal/premanifest Huntington disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson's Disease
associate with glucocerebrosidase (GBA) deficiency, dystonia,
cognitive disorder, dyskinesia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI),
Alzheimer's Disease, age related memory loss, depression and
anxiety, bacterial infections-induced depression, optic
neuropathies including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration
(AMD), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and retinitis
pigmentosa, mitochondrial diseases or dysfunctions (i.e. Lysosomal
storage disease (LSD), leukodystrophies, vanishing white matter
(NVM) disease), Wolfram disease and viral infection (i.e.
COVID-19); and wherein the neurodevelopmental disease or disorder
is Rett syndrome (RTT) or Fragile X Syndrome (FXS).
[0074] This invention also provides a process for validating a
batch of a pharmaceutical product containing pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier for distribution comprising: [0075] a)
determining the amount of at least one of Compound 1, Compound 2,
Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6; and [0076] b)
validating the batch for distribution only if [0077] i) the batch
is determined to have not more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to
the concentration of pridopidine, or [0078] ii) the batch is
determined to have not more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0079] iii) the batch is
determined to have not more than 0.15% Compound 3, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0080] iv) the batch is determined
to have not more than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0081] v) the batch is determined
to have not more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0082] vi) the batch is determined
to have not more than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine.
[0083] This invention also provides a process for preparing a
validated pharmaceutical composition comprising pridopidine
comprising: [0084] a) obtaining a batch of pridopidine drug
substance; [0085] b) determining the amount of at least one of
Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and
Compound 6; and [0086] c) preparing the pharmaceutical composition
from the batch only if [0087] i) the batch is determined to have
not more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0088] ii) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0089] iii) the batch is determined to have not
more than 0.15% Compound 3, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0090] iv) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0091] v) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0092] vi) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine.
[0093] This invention also provides a process for preparing a
pharmaceutical composition comprising pridopidine, comprising
[0094] a) obtaining a batch of pridopidine drug product; [0095] b)
performing stability testing with a sample of the batch; [0096] c)
determining the total amount of at least one of Compound 1,
Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in
the sample of the batch after stability testing by an HPLC method;
and [0097] d) preparing the pharmaceutical composition from the
batch after stability testing if the sample of the batch after
stability testing contains: [0098] i) not more than 0.15% Compound
1, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0099] ii) not
more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0100] iii) not more than 0.15% Compound 3,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0101] iv) not
more than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0102] v) not more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0103] vi) not more than
0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of pridopidine.
[0104] This invention also provides an isolated compound having the
structure:
##STR00005##
or a salt thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0105] FIG. 1: Typical Chromatogram of the control sample 1a.
[0106] FIG. 2: Typical Chromatogram of the control sample 2b.
[0107] FIGS. 3A-3B: Synergistic effect of pridopidine and Compound
4 on BDNF Release from B104 cells. B104 neuroblastoma cells were
incubated for 5 days with test compounds, and BDNF levels were
assessed using in-situ ELISA. FIG. 3A: Pridopidine at a
concentration of 0.00 .mu.M and Compound 4 at a concentration of
0.001 .mu.M. Pridopidine alone increased BDNF secretion by 13.5%.
Compound 4 alone reduced BDNF secretion by -1.5%. Pridopidine and
compound 4 together increased BDNF secretion by 59.1%, an effect
which is greater than the added effect of both compounds
administered on their own. FIG. 3B: Pridopidine at a concentration
of 0.005 .mu.M and Compound 4 at a concentration of 0.001 .mu.M.
Pridopidine alone increased BDNF secretion by 26.0%. Compound 4
alone reduced BDNF secretion by -1.5%. Pridopidine and compound 4
together increased BDNF secretion by 80.7%, an effect which is
greater than the added effect of both compounds administered on
their own.
[0108] FIG. 4: Synergistic effect of pridopidine and Compound 1 on
BDNF Release from B104 cells. B104 neuroblastoma cells were
incubated for 5 days with test compounds, and BDNF levels were
assessed using in-situ ELISA. Pridopidine at a concentration of
0.01 .mu.M alone increased BDNF secretion by 3.4%. Compound 1 at a
concentration of 1 .mu.M alone increased BDNF secretion by 12.5%.
Pridopidine and compound 1 together increased BDNF secretion by
53.1%, an effect which is greater than the added effect of both
compounds administered on their own.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0109] This invention provides an isolated compound having the
structure:
##STR00006##
or a salt thereof.
[0110] In an embodiment of the present invention, the isolated
compound has the structure:
##STR00007##
or a salt thereof.
[0111] In an embodiment, the isolated compound has the
structure:
##STR00008##
or a salt thereof.
[0112] In an embodiment, the isolated compound has the
structure:
##STR00009##
or a salt thereof.
[0113] In an embodiment, the isolated compound has the
structure:
##STR00010##
or a salt thereof.
[0114] In an embodiment the isolated compound has the
structure:
##STR00011##
or a salt thereof.
[0115] This invention also provides a composition comprising
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a
compound which has the structure 1-8 or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof:
##STR00012##
wherein the weight ratio of the compound relative to the weight of
the pridopidine in the composition is from 99:1 to 1:99. In an
embodiment, the ratio of the weight of pridopidine relative to the
weight of compound in the composition is from 90:10 to 10:90 or
85:15 or 15:85. In other embodiments, the weight ratio between
pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 is in the range of
1:0.001 to 1:0.1. In other embodiments, the weight ratio between
pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 is in the range of
1:0.005 to 1:0.1. In other embodiments, the weight ratio between
pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 is in the range of
1:0.001 to 1:0.005.
[0116] This invention also provides a composition comprising a
compound having the structure:
##STR00013## [0117] or a salt thereof wherein the composition is
free of pridopidine or a salt thereof.
[0118] In an embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1:
##STR00014##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0119] In an embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 2:
##STR00015##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0120] In an embodiment, the comprises pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 3.
##STR00016##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0121] In an embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and Compound 4:
##STR00017##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0122] In an embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 5:
##STR00018##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0123] In an embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 6:
##STR00019##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0124] In an embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 7:
##STR00020##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0125] The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
comprising an amount of pridopidine and at least one of Compound 1,
Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 6, and
Compound 7 wherein [0126] a) Compound 1 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0127] b) Compound 2 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0128] c) Compound 3 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0129] d) Compound 4 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0130] e) Compound 5 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0131] f) Compound 6 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0132] g) Compound 7 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 10% relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method.
[0133] In an embodiment, [0134] a) Compound 1 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 0.15%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0135] b) Compound 2 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 0.15%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an 22 HPLC method, or [0136] c) Compound 3 is
present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more
than 0.15-% relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on
a determination by an HPLC method, or [0137] d) Compound 4 is
present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more
than 0.15% relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0138] e) Compound 5 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 0.15%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0139] f) Compound 6 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount not more than 0.15%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method.
[0140] In another embodiment, [0141] a) Compound 1 is present in
the pharmaceutical composition in an amount greater than 0.01%, and
not more than 0.15% relative to the concentration of pridopidine,
based on a determination by an HPLC method, or [0142] b) Compound 2
is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount greater
than 0.01%, and not more than 0.15%, relative to the concentration
of pridopidine, based on a determination by an HPLC method, or
[0143] c) Compound 3 is present in the pharmaceutical composition
in an amount greater than 0.03%, and not more than 0.15%, relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method, or [0144] d) Compound 4 is present in the
pharmaceutical composition in an amount greater than 0.01%, and not
more than 0.15%, relative to the concentration of pridopidine,
based on a determination by an HPLC method, or [0145] e) Compound 5
is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount greater
than 0.01%, and not more than 0.15%, relative to the concentration
of pridopidine, based on a determination by an HPLC method, or
[0146] f) Compound 6 is present in the pharmaceutical composition
in an amount greater than 0.01% and not more than 0.15%, relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a determination by an
HPLC method.
[0147] In another embodiment, [0148] a) Compound 1 is present in
the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.04%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0149] b) Compound 2 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.05%,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0150] c) Compound 3 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.05%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0151] d) Compound 4 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.04%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0152] e) Compound 5 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.04%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0153] f) Compound 6 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.04%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method.
[0154] In another embodiment, [0155] a) Compound 1 is present in
the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.01%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0156] b) Compound 2 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.01%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0157] c) Compound 3 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.03%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0158] d) Compound 4 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.01%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0159] e) Compound 5 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.01%
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method, or [0160] 1) Compound 6 is present
in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount less than 0.01% N
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, based on a
determination by an HPLC method.
[0161] In one embodiment, at least two of Compound 1, Compound 2,
Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5 and Compound 6 are present. In
another embodiment, at least three of Compound 1, Compound 2,
Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5 and Compound 6 are present. In
another embodiment, at least four of Compound 1, Compound 2,
Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5 and Compound 6 are present. In
another embodiment, at least five of Compound 1, Compound 2,
Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5 and Compound 6 are present. In
another embodiment, Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4,
Compound 5 and Compound 6 are present. In another embodiment, at
least Compound 1 is present. In another embodiment, at least
Compound 3 is present. In another embodiment, at least Compound 4
is present.
[0162] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises
pridopidine hydrochloride salt.
[0163] In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is in the
form of a capsule, a tablet, a liquid solution or a liquid
suspension. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition
is in an oral dosage unit form. In another embodiment, the
pharmaceutical composition is in an oral dosage unit form, wherein
the oral dosage unit is formulated as a tablet, a capsule, a pill,
powder, liquid solution or as a liquid suspension.
[0164] In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition the oral
dosage unit form comprises between 0.5-315 mg pridopidine. In
another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises between
0.5-10 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit
form comprises between 10-22.5 mg pridopidine. In another
embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises between 22.5-315 mg
pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form
comprises between 10-315 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the
oral dosage unit form comprises between 0.5-50 ng pridopidine. In
another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises between
45-250 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit
form comprises between 45-135 mg pridopidine. In another
embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises between 90-315 mg
pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form
comprises about 22.5 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the
oral dosage unit form comprises about 45 mg pridopidine. In another
embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises about 67.5 mg
pridopidine. In another embodiment the oral dosage unit form
comprises about 90 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral
unit dosage form comprises about 100 mg pridopidine. In another
embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises about 112.5 mg
pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form
comprises about 125 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral
dosage unit form comprises about 135 mg pridopidine. In another
embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises about 150 mg
pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form
comprises about 180 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral
dosage unit form comprises about 200 mg pridopidine. In another
embodiment, the oral dosage unit form comprises about 250 mg
pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form
comprises about 315 mg pridopidine. In another embodiment, the oral
dosage unit form is prepared for once daily administration. In
another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form is prepared for more
than once daily administration.
[0165] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 1 comprising the step of oxidizing
4-hydroxy-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium chloride
with an oxidizing agent to form Compound 1. In one embodiment, the
oxidizing agent is a peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide. In
another embodiment, the oxidizing agent is a peroxide. In another
embodiment, the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
[0166] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 2 comprising the steps of: [0167] a) reacting
3-bromothioanisole with ethyl 3-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)propanoate to
form
1-(3-hydroxy-3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl-
)piperidin-4-ol, [0168] b) dehydrating the
1-(3-hydroxy-3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl-
)piperidin-4-ol formed in step a) with a dehydrating agent to
obtain
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1,2,3,6-t-
etrahydropyridine, [0169] c) oxidizing the
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)
phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine formed in step b) with an
oxidizing agent to form
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-
,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and [0170] d) hydrogenating the
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)
phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine formed in step c) with a
hydrogenating agent to form Compound 2.
[0171] In one embodiment, the dehydrating agent is a strong acid,
preferably sulfuric acid. In one embodiment, the dehydrating agent
is a strong acid. In another embodiment, the dehydration agent is
sulfuric acid. In another embodiment, the oxidizing agent is a
peroxide. In another embodiment, the oxidizing agent is hydrogen
peroxide. In another embodiment, the hydrogenating agent is
hydrogen.
[0172] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 3 comprising the steps of: [0173] a) reacting 3-bromo
thiophenol and 1,4-dibromobutane to form
1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)thio)butane, [0174] b) oxidizing the
1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)thio)butane formed in step a) with an
oxidizing agent to form 1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)butane,
[0175] c) reacting 4-pyridinylboronic acid with the
1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)butane formed in step b) to obtain
1,4-bis((3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)butane, [0176] d) reacting
1-iodopropane with 1,4-bis((3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)butane
formed in step c) to form
4,4'-((butane-1,4-diyldisulfonyl)bis(3,1-phenylene))bis(1-propylpyridin-1-
-ium)iodide, [0177] e) adding a reducing agent to
4,4'-((butane-1,4-diyldisulfonyl)bis(3,1-phenylene))bis(1-propylpyridin-1-
-ium)iodide formed in step d) to form
1,4-bis((3-(1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)
butane, and [0178] f) hydrogenating the
1,4-bis((3-(1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)
butane formed in step e) with a hydrogenating agent to obtain
Compound 3.
[0179] In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent is a peroxide,
preferably hydrogen peroxide. In another embodiment, the oxidizing
agent is a peroxide. In another embodiment, the oxidizing agent is
hydrogen peroxide. In another embodiment, the reducing agent is
sodium borohydride. In another embodiment, the hydrogenating agent
is hydrogen.
[0180] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 4 comprising the steps of. [0181] a) epoxidizing
4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
with an epoxidizing agent to form
(1S,6S)-6-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-propyl-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo
[4.1.0]heptane, and [0182] b) nucleophilically opening the epoxide
of the
(1S,6S)-6-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-propyl-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo
[4.1.0]heptane of step a) with a nucleophile to obtain Compound
4.
[0183] In one embodiment, the epoxidizing agent is sodium bromate.
In another embodiment, the nucleophile is hydrogen.
[0184] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 5 comprising the step of reacting pridopidine with a
peroxide to obtain Compound 5. In one embodiment, the peroxide is
hydrogen peroxide.
[0185] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 6 comprising the step of reacting
4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)piperidine with
1-chloro-2-methylpentane to obtain Compound 6.
[0186] This invention also provides a process for preparing
Compound 7 comprising the steps of: [0187] a) dehydrating
4-hydroxy-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium
chloride with a dehydrating agent to form
4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium
hydrogen sulfate, [0188] b) oxidizing
4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-ium
hydrogen sulfate of step b) with an oxidizing agent to form
Compound 7.
[0189] In one embodiment, the dehydrating agent is a strong acid,
preferably sulphuric acid. In another embodiment, the dehydrating
agent is a strong acid. In another embodiment, the dehydrating
agent is sulphuric acid. In another embodiment, the oxidizing agent
is a peroxide, preferably hydrogen peroxide. In another embodiment,
the oxidizing agent is a peroxide. In another embodiment, the
oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
[0190] This invention also provides a process for producing a
pridopidine drug product comprising obtaining a pridopidine drug
substance and mixing the pridopidine drug substance with suitable
excipients so as to produce the pridopidine drug product, wherein
the pridopidine drug substance comprises: [0191] i) an amount of
Compound 1 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not more than
0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or
[0192] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the pridopidine drug
substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0193] iii) an amount of Compound
3 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15%
Compound 3, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0194]
iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the pridopidine drug substance that
is not more than 0.15-% Compound 4, relative to the concentration
of pridopidine, or [0195] v) an amount of Compound 5 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 5,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0196] vi) an
amount of Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine.
[0197] In one embodiment, the process further comprises determining
the amount of the at least one of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound
3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug
substance. In another embodiment, the process further comprises
determining the amount of the at least two of Compound 1, Compound
2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the
pridopidine drug substance. In another embodiment, the process
further comprises determining the amount of the at least three of
Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and
Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug substance. In another
embodiment, the process further comprises determining the amount of
the at least four of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound
4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug substance. In
another embodiment, the process further comprises determining the
amount of the at least five of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3,
Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug
substance. In another embodiment, the process further comprises
determining the amount of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3,
Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug
substance. In another embodiment, the process further comprises
subjecting a sample of the pridopidine drug substance to stability
testing before the step of determining the amount of the at least
one of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5,
and Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug substance.
[0198] This invention also provides a process for producing a
pridopidine drug product for commercial sale comprising obtaining a
batch of pridopidine drug product that comprises: [0199] i) an
amount of Compound 1 in the batch of pridopidine drug product that
is not more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0200] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the batch of
pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0201] iii) an
amount of Compound 3 in the batch of pridopidine drug product that
is not more than 0.15% Compound 3, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0202] iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the batch of
pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15% Compound 4,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0203] v) an
amount of Compound 5 in the batch of pridopidine drug product that
is not more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0204] vi) an amount of Compound 6 in the batch of
pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15% Compound 6,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, and preparing the
batch of pridopidine drug product for commercial sale.
[0205] In an embodiment, the process further comprises determining
the amount of the at least one of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound
3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the batch of
pridopidine drug product. In another embodiment, the process
further comprises determining the amount of the at least two of
Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and
Compound 6 in the batch of pridopidine drug product. In an
embodiment, the process further comprises determining the amount of
the at least three of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound
4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the batch of pridopidine drug
product. In an embodiment, the process further comprises
determining the amount of the at least four of Compound 1, Compound
2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the batch
of pridopidine drug product. In an embodiment, the process further
comprises determining the amount of the at least five of Compound
1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6
in the batch of pridopidine drug product. In an embodiment, the
process further comprises determining the amount of Compound 1,
Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in
the batch of pridopidine drug product. In another embodiment, the
process further comprises subjecting a sample of the batch of
pridopidine drug product to stability testing before determining
the amount of the at least one of Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound
3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in the sample of the
batch of pridopidine drug product.
[0206] This invention also provides a process of distributing a
pridopidine drug product comprising a pridopidine drug substance
comprising, [0207] a) obtaining the pridopidine drug product
wherein the pridopidine drug substance comprises: [0208] i) an
amount of Compound 1 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0209] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0210] iii) an
amount of Compound 3 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 3, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0211] iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 4,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0212] v) an
amount of Compound 5 in the pridopidine drug substance that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0213] vi) an amount of Compound 6 in the
pridopidine drug substance that is not more than 0.15% Compound 6,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine; and [0214] b)
distributing the pridopidine drug product comprising the
pridopidine drug substance.
[0215] This invention also provides a process of distributing a
pridopidine drug product comprising, [0216] a) obtaining the
pridopidine drug product that comprises: [0217] i) an amount of
Compound 1 in the pridopidine drug product that is not more than
0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or
[0218] ii) an amount of Compound 2 in the pridopidine drug product
that is not more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0219] iii) an amount of Compound
3 in the pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15%
Compound 3, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0220]
iv) an amount of Compound 4 in the pridopidine drug product that is
not more than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0221] v) an amount of Compound 5 in the
pridopidine drug product that is not more than 0.15% Compound 5,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0222] vi) an
amount of Compound 6 in the pridopidine drug product that is not
more than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine; and [0223] b) distributing the pridopidine drug
product.
[0224] This invention also provides a method of treating a subject
afflicted with a neurodegenerative disease or a neurodegenerative
disorder comprising administering to the subject the pharmaceutical
composition.
[0225] This invention also provides a method of treating a subject
afflicted with Huntington disease comprising administering to the
subject the pharmaceutical composition.
[0226] This invention provides a method of treating, slowing the
progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of symptoms or
slowing the progression of symptoms of a neurodegenerative or
neurodevelopmental disease or disorder in a subject; wherein the
method comprises administering a composition comprising pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
##STR00021##
wherein the method comprises administering a composition comprising
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, wherein the neurodegenerative disease or disorder is
selected from the group consisting from Huntington Disease,
prodromal/premanifest Huntington disease, Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson's Disease
associated with glucocerebrosidase (GBA) deficiency, dystonia,
cognitive disorder, dyskinesia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI),
Alzheimer's Disease, age related memory loss, depression and
anxiety, bacterial infections-induced depression, optic
neuropathies including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration
(AMD), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and retinitis
pigmentosa, mitochondrial diseases or dysfunctions (i.e. Lysosomal
storage disease (LSD), leukodystrophies, vanishing white matter
(VWM) disease), Wolfram disease and viral infection (i.e.
COVID-19); and wherein the neurodevelopmental disease or disorder
is Rett syndrome or Fragile X Syndrome.
[0227] In other embodiments, the composition comprising pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use
in the methods of this invention--comprises a weight ratio between
the pridopidine and at least one of compounds 1-8 in the range of
1:0.001 to 1:0.1. In other embodiments, the weight ratio between
the pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and
at least one of compounds 1-8 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof is in the range of 1:0.005 to 1:0.1. In other embodiments,
the weight ratio between the pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof and at least one of compounds 1-8 or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in the range of 1:0.001
to 1:0.005.
[0228] In other embodiments, the composition comprising pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use
in the methods of this invention is administered in a daily dose of
between 0.5-315 mg pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form is
administered in a daily dose of 0.5-10 mg pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
oral dosage unit form is administered in a daily dose of 10-22.5 mg
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form is administered in a
daily dose of 22.5-315 mg pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the oral dosage
unit form is administered in a daily dose 10-315 mg pridopidine or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the oral dosage unit form is administered in a daily dose 0.5-50 mg
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form is administered in a
daily dose 22.5-315 mg pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form the
oral dosage unit form is administered in a daily dose 45-250 mg
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form is administered in a
daily dose 45-135 mg pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof. In another embodiment, the oral dosage unit form is
administered in a daily dose 90-315 mg pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0229] In other embodiments, the method of treating, slowing the
progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of symptoms or
slowing the progression of symptoms of neurodegenerative or
neurodevelopmental disease or disorder in a subject comprises
administering a composition comprising pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and Compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiment, a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and Compound 2 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In other embodiment, a composition comprising pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and Compound 3 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiment, a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and Compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In other embodiment, a composition comprising pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and Compound 5 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiment, a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and Compound 6 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In other embodiment, a composition comprising pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and Compound 7 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiment, a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and Compound 8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0230] In some embodiments this invention provides a method of
treating, slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying
onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of a
neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease or disorder in a
subject; wherein the method comprises administering a composition
comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and at least one of Compound 1, Compound 4 pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof; wherein the
neurodegenerative disease or disorder is selected from the group
consisting from Huntington Disease, prodromal/premanifest
Huntington disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS),
Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson's Disease associated with
glucocerebrosidase (GBA) deficiency, dystonia, cognitive disorder,
dyskinesia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease,
age related memory loss, depression and anxiety, bacterial
infections-induced depression, optic neuropathies including
glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Leber's
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and retinitis pigmentosa,
mitochondrial diseases or dysfunctions (i.e. Lysosomal storage
disease (LSD), leukodystrophies, vanishing white matter (VWM)
disease), Wolfram Disease, and viral infection (i.e. COVID-19); and
wherein the neurodevelopmental disease or disorder is Rett syndrome
or Fragile X Syndrome.
[0231] In some embodiments this invention provides a method of
treating, slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying
onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of a
neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease or disorder in a
subject; wherein the method comprises administering a composition
comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and Compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein the neurodegenerative disease or disorder is selected from
the group consisting from Huntington Disease, prodromal/premanifest
Huntington disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS),
Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson's Disease associated with
glucocerebrosidase (GBA) deficiency, dystonia, cognitive disorder,
dyskinesia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease,
age related memory loss, depression and anxiety, bacterial
infections-induced depression, optic neuropathies including
glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Leber's
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and retinitis pigmentosa,
mitochondrial diseases or dysfunctions (i.e. Lysosomal storage
disease (LSD), leukodystrophies, vanishing white matter (VWM)
disease), Wolfram Disease and viral infection (i.e. COVID-19); and
wherein the neurodevelopmental disease or disorder is Rett syndrome
or Fragile X Syndrome.
[0232] In some embodiments this invention provides a method of
treating, slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying
onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of a
neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease or disorder in a
subject; wherein the method comprises administering a composition
comprising pridopidine, Compound 1 and Compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the
neurodegenerative disease or disorder is selected from the group
consisting from Huntington Disease, prodromal/premanifest
Huntington disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS),
Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson's Disease associated with
glucocerebrosidase (GBA) deficiency, dystonia, cognitive disorder,
dyskinesia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease,
age related memory loss, depression and anxiety, bacterial
infections-induced depression, optic neuropathies including
glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Leber's
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and retinitis pigmentosa,
mitochondrial diseases or dysfunctions (i.e. Lysosomal storage
disease (LSD), leukodystrophies, vanishing white matter (VWM)
disease), Wolfram Disease and viral infection (i.e. COVID-19); and
wherein the neurodevelopmental disease or disorder is Rett syndrome
or Fragile X Syndrome.
[0233] In some embodiments this invention provides a method of
treating, slowing the progression, lessening the decline, delaying
onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of symptoms of a
neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disease or disorder in a
subject; wherein the method comprises administering a composition
comprising pridopidine, Compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof; wherein the neurodegenerative disease or disorder is
selected from the group consisting from Huntington Disease,
prodromal/premanifest Huntington disease, Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson's Disease
associated with glucocerebrosidase (GBA) deficiency, dystonia,
cognitive disorder, dyskinesia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI),
Alzheimer's Disease, age related memory loss, depression and
anxiety, bacterial infections-induced depression, optic
neuropathies including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration
(AMD), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and retinitis
pigmentosa, mitochondrial diseases or dysfunctions (i.e. Lysosomal
storage disease (LSD), leukodystrophies, vanishing white matter
(VWM) disease), Wolfram Disease and viral infection (i.e.
COVID-19); and wherein the neurodevelopmental disease or disorder
is Rett syndrome or Fragile X Syndrome.
[0234] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Huntington disease comprising administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the Huntington
disease is early-stage Huntington disease. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof and at least one of compound 1, compound 4,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0235] In another embodiment the method of this invention is
directed to delaying the onset of symptoms in prodromal/premanifest
Huntington disease individuals which have >=36 CAG repeats in
the huntingtin gene, comprising administering a composition
comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0236] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating or slowing the progression of symptoms of
prodromal/premanifest Huntington disease.
[0237] In other embodiments, the symptoms of Huntington disease
comprise decline in motor function, cognitive and functional
capacity, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and increase of
Neurofilament light protein (NfL) levels. In other embodiments, the
method of this invention provides maintaining, improving, or
lessening the decline of motor function, cognitive and functional
capacity.
[0238] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention provide
maintaining, reducing, or lessening the increase of Neurofilament
light protein (NfL) in biofluids (i.e. cerebrospinal fluid, blood
and plasma). In other embodiments, the method of this invention
provides maintaining, reducing, or lessening the increase of
Neurofilament light protein (NfL) in biofluids (i.e. cerebrospinal
fluid, blood and plasma) in a neurodegenerative disease including
Huntington disease, ALS and Parkinson's disease patients.
[0239] Decline in "Functional Capacity" refers to patients'
declined capacity to work, handle finances and domestic chores,
perform activities of daily living or live independently.
[0240] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, reducing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) comprising
administering a composition comprising pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In other
embodiments, the symptoms of ALS comprise muscle atrophy and
weakness, increased fatigue, problems with speech or swallowing
(bulbar-onset symptoms), aspiration pneumonia, respiratory failure,
behavioral disturbances, dysexecutive impairment, pseudobulbar
affect (e.g. bouts of uncontrollable laughter or crying), and
frontotemporal dementia, function or any combination thereof. In
another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiments, the
methods of this invention provide maintaining, reducing, or
lessening the increase of Neurofilament light protein (NIL) or
phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy (pNfH) in biofluids (i.e.
cerebrospinal fluid, blood and plasma) in ALS patients. In another
embodiment, the method of this invention provides maintaining,
reducing, or lessening the increase of the extracellular domain of
p75 (p75.sup.ECD) in biofluids (i.e. blood, plasma and urine) in
ALS patients.
[0241] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Parkinson's disease comprising administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0242] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Parkinson's disease associated with glucocerebrosidase
(G5BA) deficiency comprising administering a composition comprising
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof or combination thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and
compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another
embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0243] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Parkinson's disease, a disease associated with
parkinsonism, or Parkinson's disease associate with
glucocerebrosidase (CBA) deficiency comprising administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiments the symptoms
comprises a functional decline, cognitive decline. In certain
embodiments, the functional decline of the subject is presented as
a symptom selected from the group consisting of tremor,
bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, a decline according
to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part II (UPDRS part
II), including Activities of Daily living, and a decline according
to the Modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging of PD. In certain
embodiments, the functional decline of the subject is presented as
a decline according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
part II (UPDRS part II), including Activities of Daily living. In
certain embodiments, the functional decline of the subject is
presented as a decline according to the Modified Hoehn and Yahr
Staging of PD.
[0244] In certain embodiments, the cognitive decline of the subject
is presented as a symptom selected from the group consisting of
intellectual impairment, thought disorder, depression, decreased
motivation, decreased initiative, impaired speech, increased
salvation, impaired swallowing, impaired handwriting, and increased
pain sensation.
[0245] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms dystonia comprising administering a composition comprising
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the dystonia is severe dystonia. In
other embodiments the symptoms of dystonia comprise involuntary
limb movement or muscle contractions, twisted posture of the limbs
or trunk, abnormal fixed posture of the limbs or trunk, talipes
equinovarus, turning in of the leg, turning in of the arm, tremor
of the hand, head, trunk or arms, dragging of the leg, torticollis,
writer's cramp, or dystonia of trunk and/or extremities. In another
embodiment, the dystonia is a severe dystonia.
[0246] In another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0247] "Severe dystonia" may be determined by Burke-Fahn-Marsden
Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) having Rating Scale >4 for at
least one body part. Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale
(BFMDRS) evaluates nine body parts (eyes, mouth, speech,
swallowing, neck, trunk, right arm, right leg, left arm, and left
leg) by rating the severity factor and provoking factors for each
part on a 5 point scale of 0 (no dystonia) to 4 (indicating the
presence of dystonia at rest). The dystonia scores of the eyes,
mouth and neck are assigned a weighting factor of 0.5, while the
other 6 parts are assigned a weighting factor of 1.0. The score of
each part is obtained by multiplying the provoking factor by the
severity factor and the weighting factor, and then summing the
scores of each part. The maximum score possible is 120.
[0248] Severe dystonia may be also determined by the Unified
Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS) Rating Scale having Rating Scale
.gtoreq.4 for at least one body part. UDRS evaluates 14 body parts
(eyes and upper face, lower face, jaw and tongue, larynx, neck,
trunk, right shoulder/proximal arm, left shoulder/proximal arm,
right distal arm/hand, left distal arm/hand, right proximal leg,
left proximal leg, right distal leg/foot, and left distal leg/foot)
by rating the severity and duration factors for each part. The
severity factor for each part is rated using a 5-point scale,
ranging from 0 (no dystonia) to 4 (severe dystonia). The duration
factor is rating on a 5 point scale ranging from 0 (at rest/action)
to 4 (submaximal/maximal). The total score is the sum of each
domain (part), with the maximum being 112.
[0249] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of a cognitive disorder comprising administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0250] In certain embodiments the cognitive disorder is mild
cognitive impairment. In certain embodiments, the cognitive
disorder comprises memory loss. In certain embodiments, the
cognitive disorder comprises age related memory loss.
[0251] Cognitive disorder refers to impairment of cognitive
function which is selected from the group consisting of global
cognitive functioning, sustained cognition, memory, language,
executive functioning, and attention. In another embodiment, the
cognitive function is memory. In an embodiment, memory is short
term memory. In another embodiment, memory is long term memory. In
another embodiment, memory is working memory. In an embodiment, the
subject is afflicted with a cognitive deficit. In another
embodiment, the subject is prone to or predisposed to have a
cognitive deficit. In an embodiment, the cognitive deficit is a
memory deficit. In an embodiment, the memory deficit is a
short-term memory deficit. In another embodiment, the memory
deficit is memory loss. In an embodiment, the memory loss is caused
by one or more of age-related changes in memory, mild cognitive
impairment, dementia or depression. In an embodiment, the cognitive
deficit is caused by or associated with a disease or disorder. In
an embodiment, the disease or disorder is a disease or disorder
associated with NMDA receptor. In another embodiment, the disease
or disorder is schizophrenia or autism. In another embodiment, the
disease or disorder is epilepsy or an anxiety disorder. In another
embodiment, the disease or disorder is amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS). In another embodiment, the disease or disorder is
frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In another embodiment, the disease
or disorder is mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In another
embodiment, the disease or disorder is bipolar disorder. In another
embodiment, the disease or disorder is Huntington disease. In
another embodiment, the disease or disorder is selected from the
group consisting of major depressive disorder (MDD), Parkinson's
disease, Alzheimer's disease, tardive dyskinesia, depression,
sickle cell anemia, stroke, chronic pain syndrome, and addiction.
In another embodiment, the disease or disorder is selected from the
group consisting of mild cognitive impairment, memory loss, memory
deficit, a memory deficit related to brain injury or a post-stroke
event, a learning deficiency, and behavioral and cognitive problems
associated with brain tumors. In another embodiment, the disease or
disorder is selected from the group consisting of dementia,
dementia associated with Lewy Bodies, age-related cognitive
decline, psychosis, attention deficit disorder (ADHD), bipolar
disorder, brain injury, mood and affective disorders, Tourette's
syndrome, mental retardation, progressive supranuclear palsy,
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, corticobasal Degeneration, vascular
dementia, and Pick's disease. In another embodiment, the disease or
disorder is selected from the group consisting of generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), tardive
dyskinesia, depression, sickle cell anemia, chronic pain syndrome,
addiction, nicotine addiction, internet addiction, cocaine
addiction, tourette's syndrome, mental retardation, corticobasal
degeneration, vascular dementia, Pick's disease, posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder, panic
disorder (PD), trigeminal pain, trigeminal musculoskeletal pain,
phantom limb pain, irritable bowel syndrome, blepharospasm, complex
regional pain syndrome, chronic low back pain, autism spectrum
disorder (ASD), infantile spasm (IS).
[0252] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of dyskinesia comprising administering a composition
comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0253] Dyskinesias are abnormal, involuntary movements which may
appear as jerking, twisting or writhing of parts of the body. There
are several different types of dyskinesias, which can be
categorized as chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, tremor and paroxysmal
tardive (late-onset type). These movement disorders include,
without limitation, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, chorea,
dystonia, tremor, akathisia, athetosis, myoclonus or tics. In some
embodiments, the dyskinesia is L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia (LID). In
some embodiments, the dyskinesia is Parkinson's disease
(PD)-LID.
[0254] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms lessening the decline of Alzheimer's Disease comprising
administering a composition comprising pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0255] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms age related memory loss comprising administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0256] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of depression and anxiety comprising administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0257] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of optic neuropathies including glaucoma, age-related
macular degeneration (AMD), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
(LHON) and retinitis pigmentosa and related symptoms comprising
administering a composition comprising pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0258] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with
mitochondrial diseases or dysfunction in a subject, or any symptom
thereof comprising administering a composition comprising
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In other embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition
associated with mitochondrial disease or dysfunction comprise: (a)
a mood disorder; (b) a mitochondrial myopathy; (c) a lysosomal
storage disease; (d) Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), (e)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT), (t) leukodystrophies, (g)
vanishing white matter (VWM) disease or a combination thereof.
[0259] In another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0260] In other embodiments, said mitochondrial myopathy is
selected from MEL AS syndrome, MERRF syndrome, Leigh Disease,
Alpers Syndrome, Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
(C/PEO), Diabetes mellitus and deafness (MIDD or DAD, Kearns-Sayre
syndrome (KSS), Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS),
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE),
Neuropathy, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP), Pearson
syndrome, Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), Dominant Optic
Atrophy (DOA), Pigmentary retinopathy, Wolfram Syndrome,
Friedrich's Ataxia (FRDA), Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal
encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) and any combinations thereof.
[0261] In other embodiments, the lysosomal storage disease is
selected from Glycogenosis Type II (Pompe Disease), Multiple
Sulphatase Deficiency (MSD), Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS),
Mucolipidoses (ML) Types I-III, G(M1)-Gangliosidosis, Fabry
Disease, Farber Disease, Gaucher Disease, Niernann-Pick Disease,
Mucolipidoses (ML) Type IV, Cystinosis, Neuronal
Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses, and any combinations thereof.
[0262] In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, condition, or
symptom that is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction is
vanishing white matter (VWM) disease. Vanishing White Matter
Disease (VWM) is one of more than 50 conditions that affect the
white matter, or myelin, of the brain known collectively as
Leukodystrophies. VWM, also known as Childhood Ataxia with Central
Nervous System Hypomyelination (CACH), is an extremely rare
neurological condition that destroys myelin, the brain's white
matter, or myelin. In doing so, it permanently affects transmission
of brain signals to the rest of the body. Clinical conditions
identified under VWM disease include but are not limited to:
Childhood Ataxia with diffuse CNS Hypomyelination (CACH), Vanishing
White Matter Leukodystrophy (VWM), Cree Leukoencephalopathy,
Vanishing White Matter Leukodystrophy with Ovarian Failure, and any
combinations thereof.
[0263] In further embodiments, the method for treating, slowing the
progression, lessening the decline, delaying onset of symptoms or
slowing the progression of symptoms of symptoms mitochondrial
diseases or dysfunctions, in a subject in need thereof comprise
Lysosomal storage disease (LSD), leukodystrophies, vanishing white
matter (VWM), poor growth, loss of muscle coordination, muscle
weakness, neurological deficit, seizures, autism, autistic
spectrum, autistic-like features, learning disabilities, heart
disease, liver disease, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disorders,
severe constipation, diabetes, increased risk of infection, thyroid
dysfunction, adrenal dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, confusion,
disorientation, memory loss, poor growth, failure to thrive, poor
coordination, sensory (vision, hearing) problems, reduced mental
functions, disease of the organ, dementia, respiratory problems,
hypoglycemia, apnea, lactic acidosis, seizures, swallowing
difficulties, developmental delays, movement disorders (dystonia,
muscle spasms, tremors, chorea), stroke, and brain atrophy. In
another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0264] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a
method of reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject
comprising administering a composition comprising pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the ER stress is associated with obesity,
diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory
diseases, infectious diseases, or a combination thereof. In another
embodiment, ER stress is associated with heritable forms of
diabetes. In another embodiment, ER stress is associated with
neurodegeneration. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at
least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof or combination thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and
compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another
embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0265] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of viral infection (i.e., COVID-19) comprising
administering a composition comprising pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiments, the
viral infection, disease or disorder comprise human coronavirus,
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or
mutations therefrom. In other embodiments, the disease is
COVID-19.
[0266] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Rett syndrome comprising administering a composition
comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In other embodiments Rett syndromes
symptoms comprise abnormal gait, ataxia, impaired gait initiation,
a delay in acquiring purposeful hand skills or a partial or
complete loss of acquired purposeful hand skills or abnormal hand
movement, delayed crawling, and/or walking; decreased ability to
crawl, and/or walk; or increased irritability, decreased alertness
or decreased attention span. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0267] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome comprising administering a
composition comprising pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In another
embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0268] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of Wolfram Disease comprising administering a composition
comprising pidopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and at least one of Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof. In other embodiments Wolfram Disease symptoms
comprise urinary tract abnormalities, ataxia, loss of sense of
smell, loss of gag reflex, myoclonus, peripheral neuropathy,
seizures, depression, impulsive and/or aggressive behavior,
psychosis, gastrointestinal problems, intellectual disability,
irregular breathing, central apnea, central respiratory failure,
hypogonadism in males, stomach and/or intestinal ulcers, and a
tendency to bleed excessively from wounds. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof and at least one of compound 1, compound 4,
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or combination thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 1 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment the
composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises
pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compound
1 and compound 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0269] In other embodiments, the methods of this invention are
directed to treating, slowing the progression, lessening the
decline, delaying onset of symptoms or slowing the progression of
symptoms of bacterial infection-induced depression comprising
administering a composition comprising pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
Compounds 1-8 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment, the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one of
compound 1, compound 4, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
combination thereof. In another embodiment the composition
comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
and compound 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In
another embodiment the composition comprises pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment,
the composition comprises pridopidine or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, compound 1 and compound 4 or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0270] This invention also provides a process for validating a
batch of a pharmaceutical product containing pridopidine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier for distribution comprising: [0271] a)
determining the amount of at least one of Compound 1, Compound 2,
Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6; and [0272] b)
validating the batch for distribution only if [0273] i) the batch
is determined to have not more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to
the concentration of pridopidine, or [0274] ii) the batch is
determined to have not more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0275] iii) the batch is
determined to have not more than 0.15% Compound 3, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0276] iv) the batch is determined
to have not more than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0277] v) the batch is determined
to have not more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine, or [0278] vi) the batch is determined
to have not more than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the
concentration of pridopidine.
[0279] This invention also provides a process for preparing a
validated pharmaceutical composition comprising pridopidine
comprising: [0280] a) obtaining a batch of pridopidine drug
substance; [0281] b) determining the amount of at least one of
Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and
Compound 6; and [0282] c) preparing the pharmaceutical composition
from the batch only if [0283] i) the batch is determined to have
not more than 0.15% Compound 1, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0284] ii) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0285] iii) the batch is determined to have not
more than 0.15% Compound 3, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0286] iv) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0287] v) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 5, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0288] vi) the batch is determined to have not more
than 0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine.
[0289] This invention also provides a process for preparing a
pharmaceutical composition comprising pridopidine, comprising
[0290] a) obtaining a batch of pridopidine drug product; [0291] b)
performing stability testing with a sample of the batch; [0292] c)
determining the total amount of at least one of Compound 1,
Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound 5, and Compound 6 in
the sample of the batch after stability testing by an HPLC method;
and [0293] d) preparing the pharmaceutical composition from the
batch after stability testing if the sample of the batch after
stability testing contains: [0294] i) not more than 0.15% Compound
1, relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0295] ii) not
more than 0.15% Compound 2, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0296] iii) not more than 0.15% Compound 3,
relative to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0297] iv) not
more than 0.15% Compound 4, relative to the concentration of
pridopidine, or [0298] v) not more than 0.15% Compound 5, relative
to the concentration of pridopidine, or [0299] vi) not more than
0.15% Compound 6, relative to the concentration of pridopidine.
[0300] In an embodiment, the process further comprising step e)
distributing the batch if in step d) the batch is validated for
distribution.
[0301] This invention also provides an isolated compound having the
structure:
##STR00022##
or a salt thereof.
[0302] Each embodiment disclosed herein is contemplated as being
applicable to each of the other disclosed embodiments. Thus, all
combinations of the various elements described herein are within
the scope of the invention.
[0303] For example, the elements recited in the packaging and
pharmaceutical composition embodiments can be used in the method
and use embodiments described herein.
TERMS
[0304] As used herein, and unless stated otherwise, each of the
following terms shall have the definition set forth below.
[0305] As used herein, "pridopidine" means pridopidine base or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including pridopidine
hydrochloride. Preferably, in any embodiments of the invention as
described herein, the pridopidine is in the form of its
hydrochloride salt.
[0306] As used herein, "drug substance" refers to the active
ingredient in a drug product or to the composition containing the
active ingredient before it is formulated into in a drug product,
which provides pharmacological activity or other direct effect in
the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of
disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body of
man or animals.
[0307] As used herein, "drug product" refers to the formulated or
finished dosage form containing the drug substance as well as at
least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0308] As used herein, an "isolated" compound is a compound
isolated from the crude reaction mixture following an affirmative
act of isolation. The act of isolation involves separating the
compound from the other known components of the crude reaction
mixture, with some impurities, unknown side products and residual
amounts of the other known components of the crude reaction mixture
permitted to remain. Purification is an example of an affirmative
act of isolation.
[0309] As used herein, "stability testing" refers to tests
conducted at specific time intervals and various environmental
conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity) to see if and to what
extent a drug product degrades over its designated shelf life time.
The specific conditions and time of the tests are such that they
accelerate the conditions the drug product is expected to encounter
over its shelf life. For example, detailed requirements of
stability testing for finished pharmaceuticals are codified in 21
C.F.R .sctn. 211.166, the entire content of which is hereby
incorporated by reference.
[0310] As used herein, "about" in the context of a numerical value
or range means .+-.10% of the numerical value or range recited.
[0311] As used herein, "approximately" in the context of a
numerical value or range means .+-.5% of the numerical value or
range recited or claimed.
[0312] As used herein, an "amount" of a compound as measured in
milligrams refers to the milligrams of compound present in a
preparation, regardless of the form of the preparation. An "amount
of compound which is 40 mg" means the amount of the compound in a
preparation is 40 mg, regardless of the form of the preparation.
Thus, when in the form with a carrier, the weight of the carrier
necessary to provide a dose of 40 mg compound would be greater than
40 mg due to the presence of the carrier.
[0313] As used herein, "treating" and "treatment" encompasses,
e.g., inducing inhibition, regression, or stasis of a disease,
disorder or condition.
[0314] The term "slowing the progression" refers to treated
subjects will show less progression of the disease overtime,
compared to non-treated subjects "lessening the decline" refers to
the decline of a specific disease scale measured over a period of
time is less (slower) with treatment than with no treatment,
"delaying onset of symptoms" refers to onset of a specific symptom
or symptoms of the disease occur later in time with treatment
compared to no treatment, or "slowing the progression of symptoms"
refers to a specific symptom or symptoms of the disease will show
less progression over time with treatment, compared to no
treatment.
[0315] "Administering to the subject" means the giving of,
dispensing of, or application of medicines, drugs, or remedies to a
subject to relieve, cure, or reduce the symptoms associated with a
condition, e.g., a pathological condition.
[0316] The drug substance of the present invention, e.g.,
pridopidine hydrochloride, may be administered in admixture with
suitable pharmaceutical diluents, extenders, excipients, or
carriers (collectively referred to herein as a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier) suitably selected with respect to the intended
form of administration and as consistent with conventional
pharmaceutical practices. Capsules or tablets may contain suitable
binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, diluents, coloring
agents, flow-inducing agents, and melting agents.
[0317] A dosage unit of the compounds used in the method of the
present invention may comprise a single compound or mixtures
thereof with additional therapeutic agents.
[0318] A "dose" or "dosage unit" of pridopidine as measured in
milligrams refers to the milligrams of pridopidine hydrochloride
present in a preparation, regardless of the form of the
preparation. A dosage unit may comprise a single compound or
mixtures of compounds thereof. A dosage unit can be prepared for
oral dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, pills, powders,
liquid suspension, liquid solution, and granules. For example, the
"dose" or "dosage unit" of pridopidine may be 22.5, 45, or 67.5
mg.
[0319] As used herein, a "pharmaceutically acceptable" component is
one that is suitable for use with humans and/or animals without
undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, and
allergic response) commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk
ratio.
[0320] The subject invention is also intended to include all
isotopes of atoms occurring on the compounds disclosed herein,
including impurities. Isotopes include those atoms having the same
atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example
and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and
deuterium. Isotopes of carbon include C-13 and C-14.
[0321] As used herein, "detection limit" for an analytical method
used in screening or testing for the presence of a compound in a
sample is a threshold under which the compound in a sample cannot
be detected by the analytical method used. The detection limits of
a given HPLC method for detecting an impurity in a sample
containing pridopidine may vary based on the method and the
impurity or impurities being detected. For example, the detection
limit of the typical HPLC method for detecting Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5
and 6 is 0.01% and the detecting limit for detecting Compound 3 is
0.03%.
[0322] As used herein, "quantitation limit" for an analytical
method used in screening or testing for the presence of a compound
in a sample is a threshold under which the compound in a sample
cannot be quantified by the analytical method used. The
quantitation limits of a given HPLC method for detecting an
impurity in a sample containing pridopidine may vary based on the
impurity or impurities being detected. For example, the
quantitation limit of the typical HPLC method for quantifying
Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 6 is 0.04% and the quantitation limit for
Compound 3 is 0.05%. The quantitation limit for Compound 2 is
0.05%.
[0323] A characteristic of a compound refers to any quality that a
compound exhibits, e.g., peaks or retention times, as determined by
1H nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, infrared,
ultraviolet or fluorescence spectrophotometry, gas chromatography,
thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography,
elemental analysis, Ames test, dissolution, stability and any other
quality that can be determined by an analytical method. Once the
characteristics of a compound are known, the information can be
used to, for example, screen or test for the presence of the
compound in a sample.
[0324] As used herein, "NMT" means no more than. As used herein,
"LT" means less than.
[0325] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the
quantity of a component that is sufficient to yield a desired
therapeutic response without undue adverse side effects (such as
toxicity, irritation, or allergic response) commensurate with a
reasonable benefit/risk ratio when used in the manner of this
invention, i.e. a therapeutically effective amount. The specific
effective amount will vary with such factors as the particular
condition being treated, the physical condition of the patient, the
type of mammal being treated, the duration of the treatment, the
nature of concurrent therapy (if any), and the specific
formulations employed and the structure of the compounds or its
derivatives.
[0326] As used herein, "preparing drug product for commercial sale"
means an activity undertaken in preparation for commercial sale.
Examples include, but are not limited to, coloring, coding,
stamping, packaging the drug product.
[0327] It is understood that where a parameter range is provided,
all integers within that range, and tenths thereof, are also
provided by the invention. For example, "20-40 mg" includes 20.0
mg, 20.1 mg, 20.2 mg, 20.3 mg, etc. up to 40.0 mg.
Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts
[0328] The active compounds for use according to the invention may
be provided in any form suitable for the intended administration.
Suitable forms include pharmaceutically (i.e. physiologically)
acceptable salts, and pre- or prodrug forms of the compound of the
invention.
[0329] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts
include, without limitation, the non-toxic inorganic and organic
acid addition salts such as the hydrochloride, the hydrobromide,
the nitrate, the perchlorate, the phosphate, the sulphate, the
formate, the acetate, the aconate, the ascorbate, the
benzenesulphonate, the benzoate, the cinnamate, the citrate, the
embonate, the enantate, the fumarate, the glutamate, the glycolate,
the lactate, the maleate, the malonate, the mandelate, the
methanesulphonate, the naphthalene-2-sulphonate, the phthalate, the
salicylate, the sorbate, the stearate, the succinate, the tartrate,
the toluene-p-sulphonate, and the like. Such salts may be formed by
procedures well known and described in the art.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0330] While the compounds for use according to the invention may
be administered in the form of the raw compound, it is preferred to
introduce the active ingredients, optionally in the form of
physiologically acceptable salts, in a pharmaceutical composition
together with one or more adjuvants, excipients, carriers, buffers,
diluents, and/or other customary pharmaceutical auxiliaries.
[0331] In an embodiment, the invention provides pharmaceutical
compositions comprising the active compounds or pharmaceutically
acceptable salts or derivatives thereof together with one or more
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefore, and, optionally,
other therapeutic and/or prophylactic ingredients know and used in
the art. The carrier(s) must be "acceptable" in the sense of being
compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not
harmful to the recipient thereof.
[0332] Table 1 shows the structures of Compounds 1-8.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Compound 1 Potential Impurity in
pridopidine. ##STR00023## 4-(3- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1-
propylpiperidin-4-ol Compound 2 Potential impurity in pridopidine.
##STR00024## 1-(3,3-bis(3- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-
(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)piperidone Compound 3 Potential impurity in
pridopidine. ##STR00025## 1,4-bis((3-(1- propylpiperidin-4-
yl)phenyl)sulfonyl) butane Compound 4 Potential impurity in
pridopidine. ##STR00026## (3R,4S)-4-(3- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1-
propylpiperidin-3-ol Compound 5 Potential impurity in pridopidine.
##STR00027## 4-(3- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1- propylpiperidine 1-
oxide Compound 6 ##STR00028## 1-(2-methylpentyl)- 4-(3-
(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)piperidine Compound 7 ##STR00029## 4-(3-
(methylsulfinyl) phenyl)-1-propyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine
Compound 8 ##STR00030## 4-(3- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1-propyl-
1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine
[0333] This invention will be better understood by reference to the
Experimental Details which follow, but those skilled in the art
will readily appreciate that the specific experiments detailed are
only illustrative of the invention as described more fully in the
claims which follow thereafter.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Examples
Example 1--Preparation of Compound 1
(4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-4-ol)
##STR00031##
[0335] To a suspension of
4-hydroxy-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium chloride
(140 g, 348 mmol) in 710 mL water were added 1.5 g sodium tungstate
dihydrate, and the mixture was heated to 45.degree. C. 102 mL of
33% H.sub.2O.sub.2 were added in 20 min at 45-55.degree. C. The
suspension dissolved after 20 mL addition. The solution was then
stirred at 48-51.degree. C. for 30 min after which HPLC showed no
more starting material and two new peaks, one at RT 2.68 min
(82.3%) and the other at RT 3.66 min (11.8%). After additional
stirring for 2 hr and 45 min HPLC showed that the peak at RT 2.68
min decreases to 7.5% and the peak at RT 3.66 min increases to
88.5%. After another 45 min the mixture was cooled to 20.degree. C.
and into the reaction mixture were added 500 mL toluene and 150 mL.
.about.5M NaOH. After stirring for 5 min the mixture was poured
into B separator funnel. The solubility of the product in toluene
is low. Majority of the product settled as very viscous liquid
layer in the bottom. The water phase (and most of the product) was
separated, toluene phase was washed successively with 5%
Na.sub.2SO.sub.3 solution and with brine and dried on MgSO.sub.4.
The water phase was extracted with 500 mL DCM. The organic phase
was washed successively with 5% Na.sub.2SO.sub.3 solution and water
and was dried on MgSO.sub.4. Both extracts were concentrated on a
rotavapor. 500 mL of heptanes were added to both residues, and the
suspensions were stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The
precipitates were filtered, washed with heptane and dried. From the
DCM extract were obtained 83.8 g of white powder, purity by HPLC
98.8%, 1H-NMR assay 97.9%. (From the toluene extract were obtained
13.7 g of white powder, purity by HPLC 98.0%).
NMR Identity Analysis of Compound 1
##STR00032##
[0337] The following data in Tables 2 and 3 was determined using a
sample of 78.95 mg Compound 1, a solvent of 0.55 ml DMSO-D6, 99.9
atom % D, and the instrument was a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Assignment of .sup.1H NMR.sup.a,c .sup.1H
COSY HMBC Shift Assign- cross cross (ppm) Integral Multiplicity
ment peaks peaks 8.07 1 t, J = 1.7 Hz H5 H1.sup.b, H3.sup.b C1, C3,
C4.sup.b, C6.sup.b, C8 7.82 1 d, J = 7.9 Hz H3 H2, H5.sup.b C1,
C4.sup.b, C5, C8 7.79 1 d, J = 7.9 Hz H1 H2, H5.sup.b C3, C4.sup.b,
C5 7.59 1 t, J = 7.9 Hz H2 H1, H3 C3, C4, C5.sup.b, C6, C8.sup.b
5.08 1 s H17 -- C8, C9, C13 3.21 3 s H18 -- C6.sup.b 2.67 2 d, J =
11.5 Hz H10, H10, H12, C8.sup.b, C9.sup.b, H12 H13, H9 C10, C12,
C13.sup.b 2.37 2 t, J = 11.6 Hz H10, H10, H12, C8.sup.b, C9.sup.b,
H12 H13, H9 C10, C12, C13.sup.b, C14 2.28 2 t, J = 7.3 Hz H14 H15
C10, C12, C15, C16 1.97 2 dt, J = 12.5 and H9, H13 H10, H12, C9,
C10, 4.1 Hz H13, H9 C12, C13 1.60 2 d, J = 12.8 Hz H9, H13 H10,
H12, C8, C9, H13, H9 C13 1.46 2 hex, J = 7.5 Hz H15 H14, H16 C14,
C15 0.87 3 t, J = 7.5 Hz H16 H15 C14, C15 .sup.aThe assignment is
based on the coupling pattern of the signals, coupling constants
and chemical shifts. .sup.bWeak signal. .sup.cSpectra is calibrated
by the solvent residual peak (2.5 ppm).
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Assignment of .sup.13C NMR.sup.a,b .sup.13C
Shift (ppm) Assignment 151.9 C4 140.6 C6 130.1 C3 129.0 C2 124.9 C1
123.3 C5 70.0 C8 60.2 C14 49.0 C10, C12 43.6 C18 38.0 C9, C13 19.8
C15 12.0 C16 .sup.aThe assignment is based on the chemical shifts
and 1H-13C couplings extracted from HSQC and HMBC experiments.
.sup.bSpectra is calibrated by a solvent peak (39.54 ppm)
Example 2--Preparation of Compound 2
(1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)
phenyl)piperidine)
Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)-propanoate (Starting
Material for Compound 2)
##STR00033##
[0339] Ethanol (1550 mL) was poured into a 4 L three-necked
round-bottom flask equipped with over-head stirring followed by the
addition of 125 g (814 mmol, 1 eq) 4-piperidone monohydrate
hydrochloride and 225 g (1628 mmol, 2 eq) potassium carbonate.
Ethyl 3-chloropropanoate (111 g, 1 eq) was added and the reaction
mixture was stirred for 3 h after which HPLC showed that the
product reached only 10%. Another 0.5 eq of K.sub.2CO.sub.3 was
added (56.2 g) and stirring continued at 24.degree. C. After total
of 45 h the product reached 86% (HPLC). Another 0.2 eq of
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for
additional 4.5 h at 35.degree. C. after which HPLC showed 96% of
the product. The mixture was filtered through a sintered glass
filter, washed with 200 ml ethanol and concentrated on vacuum to
156 g yellow colored oil that was distilled under vacuum of 2 mmHg
in 156.degree. C. bath. The main fraction distilled at 120.degree.
C. to yield 97.8 g (60%) of 99.3% (HPLC).
Preparation of
1-(3-hydroxy-3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)
phenyl)piperidin-4-ol (Compound 2, 1st Intermediate)
##STR00034##
[0341] 3-Bromothioanisole (170.3 g; 0.84 mol, 3.2 eq) and THF (700
mL) were charged to a 2 L flask, stirred under nitrogen and cooled
on dry ice/acetone bath to -74.degree. C. A solution of
n-hexyllithium in hexane (2.3M; 237.4 g; 0.77 mol, 3.0 eq) was
added and the reaction mixture became slightly yellowish. Stirring
continued for additional 30 min at -74.degree. C. A solution of
ethyl 3-(4-oxopiperidin-1-yl)propanoate (50.2 g; 0.26 mol, leg) in
THE (100 mL) was added during 1 h 15 min to the reaction mixture
and the stirring continued for additional 30 min at -74.degree. C.
to give a yellow clear solution. The cooling stopped and the
reaction warmed to -40.degree. C. A solution of HCl (33%; 90 g,
0.82 mol, 3.1 eq) in water (100 mL) was added dropwise for 20 min
to give a light yellow emulsion in +8.degree. C. The light yellow
organic phase was separated, washed with water (3.times.200 mL) and
extracted twice with aqueous HCl (33% HCl 40 g/300 mL water) to
give lower yellow phase (234 g). The organic upper light yellow
phase was evaporated up to 159 g solution and the precipitate
formed during concentration was filtered to give 19.1 g yellow
sticky precipitate. The precipitate was combined with the lower
yellow phase, methanol (50 mL) and THF (200 mL) were added and
distilled (67.degree. C., 248 g distilled). Heptane (200 mL was
added, the two liquid phase was stirred for 20 min at 40.degree. C.
and cooled to RT. The upper heptane phase was discarded and water
(200 mL) was added to the viscous yellow residue water. After
stirring stopped the colorless water was decanted to leave 182 g of
very viscous light yellow residue (HPLC: 82%).
Preparation of
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylthio)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylthio)phenyl)-1,2,3,6-t-
etrahydropyridine (Compound 2, 2nd Intermediate)
##STR00035##
[0343] Into the viscous light yellow residue was added 2-propanol
(200 mL) and the reaction mixture was distilled at atmospheric
pressure to give 200 mL of azeotropic distillate, leaving dark
yellow oil into which methanol (50 mL), 2-propanol (350 mL) and
conc. sulfuric acid (36.5 g, 0.35 mol. 1.35 eq) were added. The
reaction mixture was heated for 26 hours (mixture temperature
81-84.degree. C., vapor temperature 79.degree. C.) and about 440 mL
of distillate were collected. At the end the temperature reached
87.degree. C. and the reaction mixture was foaming. After cooling
was added toluene (100 ml) and water (200 mL) and the reaction
mixture was heated to reflux (87.degree. C.). The heating stopped
and after cooling three phases were formed. The lower oily phase
was washed with water (2.times.200 mL) and concentrated by vacuum
distillation to give dark yellow viscous residue. Water (300 mL)
was added and the mixture was refluxed then cooled to 40.degree. C.
and water phase was decanted to leave about 200 g orange turbid
liquid (HPLC: 82%) which was used in the next step.
Preparation of
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)allyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)
phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (Compound 2, 3rd
Intermediate)
##STR00036##
[0345] To the 200 g orange turbid liquid from the previous stage
was added 500 mL water, sodium tungstate dihydrate (2 g, 6 mmol)
and concentrated sulfuric acid (20 mL). The mixture was heated to
35.degree. C. and 33% H.sub.2O.sub.2 was added drop-wise in 1 h
during which the yellow viscous mass on the bottom of the flask
dissolved slowly and the temperature rose up to 55.degree. C. then
decreased slowly to 42.degree. C. The reaction mixture was heated
to 50.degree. C. for 2 hr and additional 32 g of 33% H.sub.2O.sub.2
were added. The reaction continued for another 4 h at 50.degree. C.
and additional 20 g of 33% H.sub.2O.sub.2 were added. After 2 h the
reaction mixture was cooled down (25.degree. C.) and alkalized to
pH12 by 50% NaOH solution. Water (300 mL) was added and after 20
min of mechanical stirring was discarded. Another 200 mL of water
were added, stirred mechanically for 20 min and discarded to give
158.2 g highly viscous yellow mass (HPLC: 75.4%). This mass was
heated for 30 min 4 times with butanol (200 mL@95.degree. C., 200
mL@100.degree. C., 400 mL@100.degree. C. and 700 mL@114.degree. C.)
and twice with acetic acid (8 mL and 250 mL@95.degree. C.) to give
light brown oil that was used in the next step (114.9 g, HPLC:
89%).
Preparation of
1-(3,3-bis(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)
phenyl)piperidine (Compound 2)
##STR00037##
[0347] The light brown oil from the previous stage (114.9 g, HPLC:
89%) was added into a 2 L autoclave with 550 mL acetic acid and 10%
Pd/C catalyst (25 g, 23.5 mmol). Hydrogen was introduced (120 psi)
and the reaction was heated to 90.degree. C. for 16 h. After
cooling, the catalyst was filtered, washed with acetic acid (50 ml)
and the clear yellowish filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give
134 g brown viscous residue (HPLC: 82%). Water (300 ml) was added,
made alkaline (40% NaOH, pH>12) and extracted with 120 mL
dichloromethane that after concentration gave 77.2 g brown sticky
mass (HPLC: 83%). The residue was treated with butanol (5.times.100
mL, 95.degree. C.), cooled down and the butanol phase over an oily
phase was filtered. A total of 74.9 g solid phase was resulted
which was dissolved in 200 mL acetone and the clear yellow solution
was evaporated to give 70.1 g dark yellow clear viscous residue.
The residue was treated with heptane (2.times.100 mL, 95.degree.
C.) which was cooled and decanted. After evaporation in a rotavapor
a pale yellow foamy solid was obtained (65.1 g, HPLC: 84%). The
solid was dissolved in 200 mL dichloromethane, 85 g silica was
added and the mixture was evaporated and loaded on 1.32 Kg silica
gel column which was eluted by dichloromethane with 0.5-3.0%
methanol and 0.5% triethylamine. Compound 2 was isolated to give
25.8 g, HPLC: 93.2%, 1H-NMR assay: 91.2%.
NMR Identity Analysis of Compound 2
##STR00038##
[0349] The following data in Tables 4 and 5 was determined using a
sample of 62.03 mg Compound 2, a solvent of 0.6 ml CDCl.sub.3, 99.8
atom % D, and the instrument was a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Assignment of 1.sup.1H NMR.sup.a,c .sup.1H
Shift COSY cross HMBC cross (ppm) Integral Multiplicity Assignment
peaks peaks 7.87 2 s H20 H22.sup.b, H24.sup.b C16, C21.sup.b, C22,
C24 7.72- 4 m H1, H5, H22 H2, H23 C1, C3, 7.80 C5, C8, C20, C24
7.47- 6 m H2, H3, H23, H1, H3 C1, C4, C5, 7.56 H24 H20, H22 C6, C8,
C16, C19, C21, C20, C22, C24.sup.b 4.33 1 t, J = H16 H15 C14.sup.b,
C15, 7.1 Hz C19, C20, C24 3.05 9 s H18, H25 -- -- 2.94 4 d, J =
H10, H12 H10, H12, C8, C9.sup.b, C10, 11.5 Hz H9, H13 C12,
C13.sup.b 2.53- 1 m H8 H9, H13 C3.sup.b, C4, C5.sup.b, 2.62 C9,
C13, C10.sup.b, C12.sup.b 2.24- 4 m H14, H15 H16 C10, C12, 2.34
C14, C15, C16, C19 2.02 2 t, J = H10, H12, H10, H12, C8, C9.sup.b,
C10, 11.5 Hz H9, H13 C12, C13.sup.b, C14 1.72- 4 m H9, H13 H8, H10,
C4.sup.b, C8, C9, 1.85 H12 C10.sup.b, C12.sup.b, C13 .sup.aThe
assignment is based on the coupling pattern of the signals,
coupling constants and chemical shifts. .sup.bWeak signal.
.sup.cSpectra is calibrated by the solvent residual peak (7.28
ppm).
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Assignment of .sup.13C NMR.sup.a,b .sup.13C
Shift (ppm) Assignment 148.0 C4 145.5 C19 141.0 C21 140.6 C6 133.2
C24 132.3 C3 129.9 C23 129.5 C2 126.7 C20 125.7 C22 125.6 C5 125.2
C1 55.9 C14 54.0 C10, C12 48.2 C16 44.51 C18 44.48 C75 42.4 C8 32.3
C9, C13 31.8 C15 .sup.aThe assignment is based on the chemical
shifts and 1H-13C couplings extracted from HSQC and HMBC
experiments. .sup.bSpectra is calibrated by a solvent peak (77.16
ppm)
Example 3--Preparation of Compound 3
(1,4-bis((3-(1-propylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)butane)
Preparation of 1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)thio)butane (Compound 3, 1st
Int.)
##STR00039##
[0351] KOH (56.2 g) was added into methanol (1200 mL) in 15 min.
The clear solution was cooled on water bath to 0.degree. C. A
solution of 3-bromo thiophenol (150.2 g, 0.79 mol) in methanol (200
mL) was added in 50 min keeping the temperature at 1-3.degree. C. A
solution of 1,4-dibromobutane (86.5 g; 0.40 mol) in methanol (150
ml) was added in 40 min to give a yellow turbid mixture. After
additional 4 hours stirring the reaction mixture became white
turbid and it was stirred for additional 20 h at 25.degree. C. The
suspension was filtered and washed with water (3.times.100 mL) and
methanol (2.times.100 mL) to give 239 g wet white solid that was
dried to 163.6 g (94.6% yield, HPLC: 97.9%).
Preparation of 1,4-bis((3-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)butane (Compound 3,
2nd Intermediate)
##STR00040##
[0353] To a solution of 1,4-bis-(3-bromophenylthio)-butane (155.0
g, 0.358 mol) in acetic acid (1500 mL) was added sodium tungstate
dihydrate (2.5 g, 0.0075 mol) and the suspension was heated on
water-bath to 45.degree. C. 50% H.sub.2O.sub.2 (300 mL, 5.28 mol)
was added drop-wise into the reaction mixture during 3.5 h keeping
the temperature at 45-55.degree. C. The reaction mixture was kept
under stirring for additional 3 h at 45.degree. C. and 16 h at
23.degree. C. The off white slurry was filtered, washed with water
(3.times.200 mL) and dried on air to give 179.6 g (99% crude yield,
HPLC: 92.2% product, 7.1% by product). The crude product (175 g)
was added to toluene (1400 mL) and heated to >85.degree. C. for
distillation. Distillation stopped when no more water was distilled
(180 mL toluene and 10 mL water). The clear reaction mixture was
allowed to cool down and was filtered after overnight stirring at
ambient temperature. The bright colorless crystals were washed (150
mL toluene) and dried to give 156.1 g product (86.7% yield, HPLC:
product 96.0%, main by-product 3.5%).
Preparation of 1,4-bis((3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)butane
(Compound 3 3rd Intermediate)
##STR00041##
[0355] To a solution of 1,4-Bis-((3-bromophenyl)-sulfonyl)-butane
(92.0 g, 185 mmol) and butanol (1.0 L) was added 4-pyridinylboronic
acid (75.0 g, 610 mmol), potassium carbonate (172 g, 1.24 mol) and
the catalyst trans-dichlorobis-(triphenylphosphine) palladium (2.0
g; 2.8 mmol). The violet suspension was heated at stirring under
nitrogen to 90-95.degree. C. within 1 h. The reaction mixture
became brown and heating continued for more 4 h. Additional
4-pyridinylboronic acid (3.5 g, 28 mmol) was added and the reaction
mixture heated up to 100.degree. C. for 1 h. Heating stopped, water
(600 mL) was added and the temperature dropped to 60.degree. C. The
resulting dark gray suspension was stirred overnight at ambient
temperature and filtered (slowly). The filter cake was washed with
water (100 mL) to give 153 g wet solid which was suspended in hot
acetone (2.times.IL., 50.degree. C.). The solid was then suspended
with 0.51 water at 65.degree. C. followed by 2.times.1 L acetone
suspension. The acetone solution were combined and concentrated on
a rotavapor to give 90.3 g pale yellow solid (yield: 91%, HPLC:
91.8%).
Preparation of
4,4'-((butane-1,4-diyldisulfonyl)bis(3,1-phenylene))bis(1-propylpyridin-1-
-ium)iodide (Compound 3 4th Intermediate)
##STR00042##
[0357] To a solution of
1,4-Bis-((3-(pyridin-4-yl)-phenyl)-sulfonyl)-butane (85.8 g, 16
mmol) and butanol (450 mL) was added 1-iodopropane (91.7 g, 540
mmol). The stirring mixture was heated up to 90-95.degree. C. in
nitrogen atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 6 hours. The
dark yellow slurry was then cooled down to room temperature and
kept at this temperature for 15 h. The yellow clear solution was
then decanted and butanol (300 mL) was added. The mixture was
heated to 70.degree. C. where it dissolved. Heating continued to
95.degree. C. and light brown slurry appeared. The heating was
stopped and the mixture cooled down to 10.degree. C. The yellow
cloudy liquid was decanted and a dark yellow solid mass was
filtered to give 173.5 g (HPLC 84% area) which was used as is in
the next step.
Preparation of
1,4-bis((3-(1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)
butane (Compound 3, 5th Intermediate)
##STR00043##
[0359] To the solid crude starting material (173.5 g from the
previous stage) was added methanol (450 mL) and the mixture was
heated to reflux to give dark yellowish red clear solution which
after cooling gave two phases, the lower one weigh 150 g (HPLC:
88.4%, yield corrected to %: 131 g, 157 mmol). Methanol (400 mL)
was added and the mixture was cooled (0.degree. C.). Sodium
borohydride (23.75 g, 624 mmol, 4 eq) was added and the reaction
mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred for additional 9 h.
The workup includes concentrating filtrates and precipitating from
butanol and methanol, several slurries in butanol, extraction by
hot butanol from water and finally active carbon treatment to the
product dissolved in hot butanol to give 63.0 g (HPLC: 85%) which
was used as is in the next step.
Preparation of
1,4-bis((3-(1-propylpiperidine-4yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)butane (Compound
3)
##STR00044##
[0361] The product from the previous step (60.0 g, 51 g as HPLC is
85%, 87 mmol) was added into an autoclave with 350 mL acetic acid.
A suspension of 10% Pd/C catalyst (10 g, 9.4 mmol) in water (80 mL)
was added. Air was exchange to nitrogen and then hydrogen was
introduced (150 psi) and the reaction was heated to 85.degree. C.
for 6 h. After cooling the catalyst was filtered, washed with
acetic acid (2.times.30 mL) and water (2.times.30 mL) and
concentrated under vacuum to give 98 g of slightly brownish viscous
residue. The residue was dissolved with water (200 mL, filtered (to
remove traces of charcoal) and washed with 50 mL water. To the
slightly brownish solution was added concentrated NaOH up to pH 13
and the mixture was stirred for 30 m. The massive precipitation was
filtered to give 78.1 g slightly beige wet solid. The wet solid was
mixed with water (100 mL) and toluene (300 mL), heated up to
87.degree. C. for 30 min and the dark yellow water phase was
separated. The organic phase was filtered and cooled down to
30.degree. C. After 4 h the slurry was filtered, washed with 20 mL
toluene and dried to give 40.8 g off-white solid (HPLC: 74.4%). The
solid was then suspended in toluene (260 mL) and water (40 mL) and
heated up to 85.degree. C. The colorless water phase was separated
and the toluene phase was filtered, cooled down to 5.degree. C. for
2 hr and filtered to give after drying 38.0 g off-white solid
(HPLC: 81.5%). The solid was then crystallized twice from toluene
(300 mL, heating to 90.degree. C., cooled to 3.degree. C.,
filtered, washed with 30 mL toluene, dried) to give 31.2 g, HPLC:
96.9%, 1H-NMR assay: 93.9%.
NMR Identity Analysis of Compound 3
##STR00045##
[0363] The following data in Tables 6 and 7 was determined using a
sample of 47.82 mg Compound 3, a solvent of 1.0 ml DMSO-D6, 99.9
atom % D, and the instrument was a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Assignment of .sup.1H NMR.sup.a,c .sup.1H
COSY HMBC Shift cross cross (ppm) Integral Multiplicity Assignment
peaks peaks 7.68- 2 m H5 H1.sup.b, H3.sup.b C1, C3, C8 7.70 7.66 2
dt, J = 7.5 and H1 H5.sup.b, H2 C3, C5 1.2 Hz 7.63 2 d, J = 7.7 Hz
H3 H2, H5.sup.b C1, C5, C8 7.55 2 t, J = 7.5 Hz H2 H1, H3 C1.sup.b,
C3.sup.b, C4, C6 3.30- 4 m H18 H19 C19 3.37 2.95 4 d, J = 11.5 Hz
H10, H12 H10, H12, C8.sup.b H9, H13 2.61 2 t, J = 11.9 Hz H8 H9,
H13 -- 2.25 4 t, J = 7.2 Hz H14 H15 C10, C12, C15, C16 1.96 4 t, J
= 11.9 Hz H10, H12 H10, H12, -- H9, H13 1.76 4 d, J = 12.6 Hz H9,
H13 H8, H9, -- H10, H12, H13 1.62- 4 m H9, H13 H8, H9, C10.sup.b,
C12.sup.b, 1.71 H10, H12, C9.sup.b, C13.sup.b H13 1.59- 4 m H19 H18
C19.sup.b 1.65 1.43 4 sextet, J = H15 H14, H16 C14, C16 7.3 Hz 0.86
3 t, J = 7.2 Hz H16 H15 C14, C15 .sup.aThe assignment is based on
the coupling pattern of the signals, coupling constants and
chemical shifts. Due to the low concentration of dissolved material
some expected HMBC signals were masked by background noise.
.sup.bWeak signal. .sup.cSpectra is calibrated by the solvent
residual peak (2.5 ppm).
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Assignment of .sup.13C NMR.sup.a ,b .sup.13C
Shift (ppm) Assignment 147.9 C6 139.2 C4 132.2 C3 129.4 C2 125.7 C5
125.2 C1 60.2 C14 53.7 C10, C12, C18 41.7 C8 32.8 C9, C13 20.7 C19
19.7 C15 11.9 C16 .sup.aThe assignment is based on the chemical
shifts and 1H-13C couplings extracted from HSQC and HMBC
experiments. .sup.bSpectra is calibrated by a solvent peak (39.54
ppm).
Example 4--Preparation of Compound 4
((3R,4S)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-3-ol)
Preparation of
(1S,6S)-6-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-propyl-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo
[4.1.0]heptane
##STR00046##
[0365] Into a 4 L reactor was added at room temperature Compound 8
(229 g, 820 mmol, 1 eq) and 2N sulfuric acid (1147 mL, 112 g
sulfuric acid, 1.147 mol, 1.4 eq). The reaction light yellow
mixture was stirred and sodium bromate (126 g, 836 mmol, 1.02 eq)
was added. The mixture became yellow and the temperature dropped
(endothermic dissolution). After 30 min the reaction temperature
reached 35.degree. C. and heated further to 40.degree. C. for 6 h
to give dark yellow solution with precipitate in the bottom of
reactor. Toluene (2 L) and NaOH (24%, 546 g, 131 g NaOH, 3.28 mol,
4.0 eq) were added and the reaction mixture was vigorously stirred
for 1 hour at 42.degree. C. The reaction mixture was then poured
into a 4 L separation funnel. The dark water phase was discarded
and the dark red organic phase was washed with 1.1 L 5% sodium
sulphite solution and 1 L 20% brine. The organic phase was then
concentrated on a rotavapor (50.degree. C., 90-65 mbar, finally at
45 mbar) to give 111 g dark red oil with crystals in the flask. A
GC analysis (5 mg red oil dissolved in 0.6 ml toluene) showed 53%
product, 29% and 5.2% unknown peaks and 0.4% Compound 8. The
product goes to the reduction in the next stage.
Preparation of
(3S,4R)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-3-ol
(Compound 4)
##STR00047##
[0367] The epoxide from the previous stage (111 g of 53% GC purity,
62.0 g, 210 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in ethanol (1.2 L) for 1 h.
The red colored mixture was poured into 2 L Parr reactor and a
solution of 10% Pd/C (14.6 g, dry) in ethanol (50 mL) was added.
The mixture was reacted with hydrogen (4 bar) at 30.degree. C. for
10 hr. Pd/C was filtered through a Celite and the filtrate was
concentrated in the rotavapor to give 108 g red oil (65% product by
GC). The product was added to 200 g silica gel, 0.5% triethylamine
in dichloromethane were added and the mixture was concentrated and
loaded on a column with 620 g silica gel. The purification was done
with 0.5% triethylamine in dichloromethane to give 28 g hard
residue (97.0% by GC). The residue was heated to reflux in 34 mL
dichloromethane until complete dissolution to give clear red
solution which was cooled slowly with parallel removal of some
solvent by nitrogen flow over the solvent. The precipitation was
filtered and washed with dichloromethane (5 mL) to give 20 g white
solid, HPLC: 99.0%, 1H-NMR assay: 99.4%.
NMR Identity Analysis of Compound 4
##STR00048##
[0369] The following data in Tables 8 and 9 was determined using a
sample of 54.06 mg Compound 4, a solvent of 0.55 ml DMSO-D6, 99.9
atom % D, and the instrument was a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Assignment of .sup.1H NMR.sup.a,c .sup.1H
COSY HMBC Shift cross cross (ppm) Integral Multiplicity Assignment
peaks peaks 7.85 1 s H5 H1.sup.b, H2.sup.b, C1, C3, C8 H3.sup.b
7.75 1 d, J = 7.9 Hz H1 H2, H3.sup.b, H5.sup.b C5, C3, C2.sup.b
7.65 1 d, J = 7.7 Hz H3 H2, H1.sup.b, H5.sup.b C1, C5, C8 7.55 1 t,
J = 7.6 Hz H2 H1, H3, H5.sup.b C4, C6 4.15 1 d., J = 7.5 Hz H17 H13
C12.sup.b, C13 3.78 1 d, J = 6.6 Hz H13 H12.sup.b, H17 C9.sup.b
3.18 3 s H18 -- C6.sup. 2.92- 2 m H10, H12 H9, H10, C8, C10,
C13.sup.b 2.76 1 dt, J = 13.0 H8 H9 C3.sup.b, C4, C5.sup.b and 3.3
Hz 2.19- 3 m H14, H9 H9, H10, C10, C12, 2.32 H15 C15, C16 2.16 1 d,
J = 11.5 Hz H12 H12 C10, C14 2.00 1 t, J = 11.2 Hz H10 H9, H10
C8.sup.b, C12 1.54 1 d, J = 12.3 Hz H9 H9, H10 C13.sup.b 1.46 2
sextet, J = H15 H14, H16 C14, C16 7.3 Hz 0.88 3 t, J = 7.3 Hz H16
H15 C14, C15 .sup.aThe assignment is based on the coupling pattern
of the signals, coupling constants and chemical shifts. .sup.bWeak
signal. .sup.cSpectra is calibrated by the solvent residual peak
(2.5 ppm). indicates data missing or illegible when filed
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Assignment of .sup.13C NMR.sup.a,b .sup.13C
Shift (ppm) Assignment 145.6 C4 140.4 C6 133.3 C3 128.8 C2 126.3 C5
124.4 C1 67.8 C13 60.1 C12 59.8 C14 53.3 C10 45.6 C8 43.6 C18 25.2
C9 19.3 C15 11.9 C16 .sup.aThe assignment is based on the chemical
shifts and 1H-13C couplings extracted from HSQC and HMBC
experiments. .sup.bSpectra is calibrated by a solvent peak (39.54
ppm)
Example 5--Preparation of Compound 5
(4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidine 1-oxide)
##STR00049##
[0371] Pridopidine (50.0 g, 178 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in
methanol (250 mL) and 33% hydrogen peroxide (20 mL, 213 mmol, 1.2
eq). The reaction mixture was heated and kept at 40.degree. C. for
20 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in a rotavapor to
give 71 g light-yellow oil. Water (400 mL) was added and the
suspension was extracted with isopropyl acetate (150 mL) which
after separation contains unreacted pridopidine while water phase
contains 91% of Compound 5 (HPLC). The product was then washed with
dichloromethane (400 mL) after adjusting the water phase pH to 9 by
sodium hydroxide. After phase separation the water phase was washed
again with dichloromethane (200 mL) to give 100% of Compound 5 in
the water phase (HPLC). The product was then extracted from the
water phase into butanol (1.times.400 mL, 3.times.200 ml) and the
butanol phases were combined and concentrated in a rotavapor to
give 80 g yellow oil (HPLC: 100% of Compound 5). The oil was washed
with water (150 mL) to remove salts and the water was extracted
with butanol. The organic phases were combined and concentrated in
a rotavapor to give 43 g of white solid which was suspended in MTBE
for 1 hr, filtered and dried to give 33 g solid that was melted
when standing on air. After high vacuum drying (2 mbar, 60.degree.
C., 2.5 h) 32.23 g pure Compound 5 were obtained (HPLC: 99.5%,
1H-NMR assay: 97.4%).
NMR Identity Analysis of Compound 5
##STR00050##
[0373] The following data in Tables 10 and 11 was determined using
a sample of 63.06 mg Compound 5, a solvent of 1.2 ml DMSO-D6, 99.9
atom % D, and the instrument was a Bruker Avarice III 400 MHz.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Assignment of .sup.1H NMR.sup.a,c .sup.1H
Shift COSY cross HMBC cross (ppm) Integral Multiplicity Assignment
peaks peaks 7.81 1 bs H5 -- C1, C3, C8 7.78- 1 m H1 H2 C3, C5 7.80
7.63- I m H3 H2 C1, C4.sup.b, C5, C8 7.66 7.59- 1 m H2 H1, H3
C1.sup.b, C4, C6 7.63 3.27 7 t, J = 11.2 Hz H10, H12 H9, H10, C8,
C9, C13 H12, H13 3.23 3 s H18 -- C1.sup.b, C6 3.07- 7 m H14 H15
C10, C12, C15, 3.11 C16 3.02 2 d, d = 13.1 Hz H10, H12 H9, H10, C8,
C9.sup.b, C13.sup.b 2.81 1 t, J = 12.7 Hz H8 H9, H13 C3b, C4, C5b,
C9, C13, C10, C12 2.39- 2 m H9, H13 H8, H9 C4, C8, C10, 2.50 H10,
H12, C12, C9, C13 H13 1.79- 2 m H15 H14, H16 C14, C16 1.89 1.64 2
d, J = 12.8 Hz H9, H13 H8.sup.b, H9, C4b, C8b, C10b, H10.sup.b,
H12.sup.b, C12b H13 0.90 3 t, J = 7.5 Hz H16 H15 C14, C15 .sup.aThe
assignment is based on the coupling pattern of the signals,
coupling constants and chemical shifts. .sup.bWeak signal.
.sup.cSpectra is calibrated by the solvent residual peak (2.5 ppm).
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Assignment of .sup.13C NMR.sup.a,b .sup.13C
Shift (ppm) Assignment 146.9 C4 141.0 C6 132.1 C3 129.6 C2 125.0 C1
124.9 C5 72.4 C14 63.4 C10, C12 43.5 C18 39.4 C8 27.3 C9, C13 15.1
C15 11.3 C16 .sup.aThe assignment is based on the chemical shifts
and 1H-13C couplings extracted from HSQC and HMBC experiments.
.sup.bSpectra is calibrated by a solvent peak (39.54 ppm)
Example 6--Preparation of Compound 6
(1-(2-methylpentyl)-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)piperidine)
##STR00051##
[0375] Into a 1 L autoclave was added KI (28.4 g, 171 mmol 1 eq)
and potassium carbonate (47.4 g, 343 mmol, 2 eq).
4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)piperidine (41 g, 171 mmol, 1 eq) was
dissolved in acetonitrile (420 mL) and the mixture was added into
the autoclave followed by 1-chloro-2-methylpentane (25.8 mL, 188
mmol, 1.1 eq). The autoclave was closed and the reaction mixture
was heated under nitrogen atmosphere to 120.degree. C. for 30 hr.
The reaction mixture was cooled down and filtered. The cake was
washed with acetonitrile and the filtrate was concentrated in
vacuum to give 70 g crude product with the following HPLC s: 60% of
Compound 6, 1% of 4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)piperidine and 10% of
a by-product. The crude product was dissolved in toluene (350 ml)
and about 20 g solid material was filtered. The toluene phase was
washed with water (200 mL) and concentrated in a rotavapor to give
35.5 g (73% of product by HPLC). The residue was then dissolved in
ethyl acetate (180 mL) and cooled on ice bath. Into the reaction
mixture was then added 33 mL of 18% HCl solution in ethyl acetate
in 1 hr and the mixture was stirred for an additional 1 h. The
precipitate that was formed was then filtered, washed with ethyl
acetate and dried to give 36.3 g white solid (HPLC: 94%. The
product was recrystallized by dissolving in methanol (290 mL),
heating to 70.degree. C., adding ethyl acetate (400 mL) and cooling
to room temperature. The precipitate was filtered, washed with
ethyl acetate (60 mL) and dried in vacuum at 50.degree. C. to give
28.3 g Compound 6 (HPLC: 99.5%, 1H-NMR assay: 99.6%).
NMR Identity Analysis of Compound 6
##STR00052##
[0377] The following data in Tables 12 and 13 was determined using
a sample of 33.93 mg Compound 6, a solvent of 8 ml DMSO-D6, 99.9
atom % D, and the instrument was a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz. Two
conformers (ca 10:1) at room temperature are observed. Due to the
overlap of proton signals of the major and minor conformers and
relatively weak signal of the minor isomer in 21) speactra only
some of the peaks of minor isomer on 1 H spectra and corresponding
1 H-1 H COSY cross peaks are given. Due to the low solubility of
the material in D6-DMSO some of the expected HMBC signals are
masked by background noise.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Assignment of .sup.1H NMR.sup.a,c .sup.1H
Shift COSY cross HMBC cross (ppm) Integral Multiplicity Assignment
peaks peaks 9.88 1 bs NH H10, H12, -- H14 7.79- 2 m H1, H5 H2, H3
C1, C3, C5, C8 7.84 7.62- 2 m H2, H3 H1, H5 C1, C4, C5, C6, 7.66
C8.sup.b 3.53- 2 m H10, H12 H10, H12 -- 3.63 3.23 3 s H18 --
C5.sup.b, C6 2.87- 5 m H8, H10, H12, H9, H10, C9, C12.sup.b, C13,
3.11 H14 H12, H13, C15, C16, C19.sup.b H15 2.17- 2 m H9, H13 H8,
H9, -- 2.34 H10, H12, H13 1.94- 3 m H9, H13, H15 H8, H9, -- 2.02
H10, H12, 1.22- 3 m H19, H20 H15, H19, C20 1.45 H20, H21 1.10- 1 m
H19 H15, H20 C16, C20, C21 1.21 1.02 3 d , J = 6.7 Hz H16 H15 C14,
C15, C19 0.90 3 t, J = 6.S Hz H21 H20 C19, C20 Minor isomer 10.14 1
bs NH H10, H12 -- 7.88 1 s H5 -- -- 7.75 1 d, J = S.5 Hz H1 H2 --
3.24- 4 m H10, H12 H9, H13 -- 3.31 1.86- 3 m H9, H13, H15 H10, H12,
-- 1.84 H16 .sup.aThe assignment is based on the coupling pattern
of the signals, coupling constants and chemical shifts. .sup.bWeak
signal. .sup.cSpectra is calibrated by the solvent residual peak
(2.5 ppm).
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Assignment of .sup.13C NMR.sup.a,b .sup.13C
Shift (ppm) Assignment 145.9 C4 141.1 C6 131.9 C3 129.8 C2 125.3 C1
124.9 C5 62.5 C14 53.1 C10 51.8 C12 43.5 C18 38.5 C8 36.4 C19 29.20
and 29.24 C9, C13 27.5 C15 19.1 C20 18.0 C16 14.0 C21 .sup.aThe
assignment is based on the chemical shifts and 1H-13C couplings
extracted from HSQC and HMBC experiments. .sup.bSpectra is
calibrated by a solvent peak (39.54 ppm)
Example 7--Preparation of Compound 7
(4-(3-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)
##STR00053##
[0379] Sulfuric acid (42.23 g, 0.431 mol, 1 eq) was added to a
mixture of
4-hydroxy-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium
chloride (130 g, 0.431 mo, 1 eq) and toluene (650 mL) at room
temperature. The resulting two-phase solution was refluxed for 1
hour and HPLC showed that the product reached 95%. The reaction
mixture was cooled down to 20.degree. C. and the toluene phase was
decanted to give viscous residue that was diluted with water (600
mL) and neutralized with 2N NaOH to pH.about.4.2. Hydrogen peroxide
(50%, 32.21 g, 0.474 mol, 1.1 eq) 1 was added dropwise to the water
phase and the mixture was stirred at 60.degree. C. for 1 h after
which the product reached 96% (HPLC).
[0380] Toluene (600 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and made
basic first with 25% NaOH (60 g) and finally with 10% Na.sub.01-1
up to pH 12. The phases were separated and the water phase was
re-extracted with toluene (2.times.100 mL). The combined toluene
phases were washed with 5% sodium sulfite (150 mL), brine (150 mL)
and water (150 mL). The toluene phase was then concentrated under
vacuum on a rotavapor to give 111.3 g oil (HPLC: 96.6%). Methanol
(50 mL) was added to the residue and it was filtered and cooled
down on ice batch. Dry HC in ethyl acetate was added up to pH 1-2
(120 mL) and 100 mL of ethyl ether were added to give two phases
mixture. The mixture was seeded with the product and precipitation
started. The reaction mixture was stirred on ice bath (2-5.degree.
C.) for additional 1 h, filtered and washed with 1/3 ethyl
acetate/ether mixture (100 mL) to give 140 g of very hygroscopic
light yellow solid that was dried on a rotavapor for 2 h and stored
under nitrogen in deep freeze. The dry
4-(3-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)-1-propyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-HCl
is slightly yellowish solid (94.1 g, 79% yield, HPLC (254 nm):
96.3%, 1H-NMR assay: 97.5%).
NMR Identity Analysis of Compound 7
##STR00054##
[0382] The following data in Tables 14 and 15 was determined using
a sample of Compound 7, a solvent of CDCl.sub.3, and the
instruments were a Bruker AMX500 and Avance III 800 MHz
instrument.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Assignment of .sup.1H NMR.sup.a .sup.1H
Shift .sup.1H Shift COSY cross (ppm) (ppm).sup.b Integral
Multiplicity Assignment peaks 2.63 2.66 2 t, 2 .times. 5.7 to H3 H2
H3 2.51 2.55 2 m H3 H2, H5, H6 6.10 6.13 1 tt, 2 .times. 3.6 to H6,
H5 H3, H6 2 .times. 1.5 to H3 3.09 3.13 2 m H6 H3, H5 2.35 2.39 2 m
H7 H8 1.51 1.54 2 m H8 H7, H9 0.86 0.89 3 t, 2 .times. 7.4 to H8 H9
H8 7.60 7.49 1 dt, 0.4 to H5`, 2 .times. 1.8 H2` H4`, H5`, to H4`
and H6` H6` 7.37 7.40 1 ddd, 1.4 to H6`, 1.8 H4` H2`, H5`, to H5`,
7.6 to H2` H6` 7.36 7.37 1 dt, 0.4 to H2`, 2 .times. 7.6 H5` H2`
H4`, H6` to H4` and H6` 7.41 7.44 1 ddd, 1.4 to H4`, 1.8 H6` H2`,
H4`, to H5`, 7.6 to H2` H5` 2.62 2.66 3 s H7` -- .sup.aSpectra is
calibrated by the solvent residual peak (2.5 ppm). .sup.bafter
addition of small amount of C.sub.6D.sub.6
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Assignment of .sup.13C NMR.sup.a, .sup.13C
Shift HMBC .sup.1H .sup.13C Shift HMBC .sup.1H (ppm) Assignment
cross peaks (ppm) Assignment cross peaks 49.89 C2 C4, 6, 7 142.00
C1` -- 27.68 C3 C2, 4, 5 119.41 C2` C4, 6, 3`, 4` 133.67 C4 --
145.52 C3` -- 123.57 C5 C3 ,6, 1` 121.51 C4` C2`6` 52.90 C6 C2, 4,
5, 7 128.97 C5` -- 60.04 C7 C2, 6, 8, 9 127.19 C6` C2`, 4`, 4 20.02
C8 C7, 9 43.70 C7` 3` 11.72 C9 C7, 8 .sup.aSpectra is calibrated by
a solvent peak (77.0 ppm)
Example 8--Analysis of the Amounts of Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
in a Sample of Pridopidine Drug Substance
[0383] Compounds 1-7 are useful to determine the purity of a
pridopidine containing composition.
[0384] The procedure used for determination of assay and related
substances in pridopidine HCl is a reverse phase HPLC method using
X-bridge phenyl column (or equivalent) and gradient elution with UV
detection at 268 nm. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of
methanol and ammonium formate buffer.
Apparatus
[0385] HPLC with gradient pump column thermostat and UV-detector,
Column: Waters, X-bridge Phenyl, 75.times.4.6 mm, 2.5 .mu.m, or an
equivalent column.
Analytical Instruction
Reagents and Solutions
[0386] Solvents: Methanol, HPLC grade; Water, MilliQ-water or
equivalent
[0387] Reagents Ammonium formate, purum; Ammonium hydroxide, 30%
A.C.S; Formic acid, pa Ammonium formate buffer, 1.00 mM, pH
8.90-9.10. Weigh 6.3-6.4 g ammonium formate accurately into a 1000
mL volumetric flask and add 2.5 ml 30% ammonium hydroxide solution
Dissolve and dilute with milliQ-water to 900 mL Measure the pH of
the solution. The pH should be between 8.90 and 9.10, otherwise
adjust with ammonium hydroxide or formic acid. Dilute to volume and
filter through a 0.45 .mu.m HVLP-filter.
[0388] Reference substances: Control Sample 1a: (pridopidine) (see
FIG. 1, Control Sample 2b (Compound 5, Compound 1, Compound 4,
pridopidine Compound 8, Compound 2, Compound 6, Compound 3)
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Phase Solvent Amount Mobile phase Ammonium
formate buffer, 100 mM, 100 mL A pH 9.0 MilliQ-water 900 mL Mobile
phase Ammonium formate buffer, 100 mM, 100 mL B pH 9.0 MilliQ-water
50 mL Methanol 850 mL Dilution Methanol 150 mL phase MilliQ-water
850 mL
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Analytical conditions Flow 0.8 mL/min
Gradient Time (min) Mobile phase B (%) 0 50 10 100 12 100
Equilibration time 3 min. Wavelength 268 nm (bandwidth 4 nm;
reference off) 190-400 nm (for information in stability studies
only). Injected volume 20 .mu.L Needle wash Set wash cycles to two.
Use dilution phase in washing vial. Temperature 40.degree.C.
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Approximate retention times Substance Time
(min) Compound 5 1.9 Compound 1 2.4 Compound 4 3.5 Pridopidine 4.6
Compound 8 6.1 Compound 2 7.5 Compound 6 8.8 Compound 3 9.9
Blank Preparation:
[0389] Use dilution phase. Duplicate vials of blank (A and B).
Reference Preparation a (Only for Related Substances)
[0390] Use Control Sample 2b. Inject as it is.
[0391] The Control Sample 2b solution is a pridopidine solution
(0.44 mg/ml free base) spiked with approximately 1% of each of the
impurities: Compound 5, Compound 1, Compound 4, Compound 8,
Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound 3.
Reference Preparation B (Only for Assay)
Duplicate Preparation (B1 and B2).
[0392] Weigh 43-45 mg of pridopidine reference into a 50 mL
volumetric flask. Add 25 mL dilution phase and shake or sonicate at
ambient temperature until the reference is dissolved. Make to
volume with dilution phase. Concentration: 0.9 mg/mL pridopidine.
The standard solution is stable for 48 hours when stored in
daylight and in room temperature.
Reference Preparation C (Only for Related Substances)
Single Preparation (C).
[0393] Dilute 1 mL of reference 1 to 100 mL with dilution phase.
Dilute further 1 mL of this solution to 20 mL with dilution phase
(sensitivity standard, concentration corresponding to 0.05% of
sample concentration).
Sample Preparation
[0394] Duplicate preparation (sample A and B).
[0395] Weigh 43-45 mg of the sample of pridopidine into a 50 mL
volumetric flask. Add 25 mL dilution phase and shake or sonicate at
ambient temperature until the sample is dissolved. Make to volume
with dilution phase. Concentration: 0.9 mg/mL pridopidine. The
sample solution should be freshly prepared before use.
Order of Determinations
[0396] When the system is equilibrated, inject the solutions in the
following order:
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Number of determinations/injections
Solution Assay Related substances Blank A 3 (at least) 1 (at least)
Blank B 1 1 Reference A N/A 1 Reference C N/A 1 Reference B1 5 N/A
Reference B2 1 N/A Sample A 1 1 Sample B 1 1 . . . . . . . . .
Reference B2 1 N/A
Calculation
System Suitability
For Related Substances:
[0397] R1) The Blank B should be free from interfering peaks at the
retention times of Compound 5, Compound 1, Compound 4, pridopidine,
Compound 8, Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound 3.
[0398] R2) The retention time of the pridopidine peak should be
4.6.+-.0.5 min.
[0399] R3) Compound 5, Compound 1, Compound 4, pridopidine,
Compound 8, Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound 3 in the Control
Sample 2b should be possible to identify according to FIG. 2.
[0400] R4) The pridopidine peak in reference C should have a
signal-to-noise ratio greater than or equal to 3.
[0401] R5) Calculate the number of theoretical plates (N) and the
tailing factor (T) for the pridopidine peak in reference A. Number
of theoretical plates 2: 8000 and tailing factor 0.7-1.0.
[0402] R6) Calculate the resolution between Compound 5 and Compound
1 in the Control Sample 2b, should be greater than or equal to
1.5.
[0403] R7) If the problem with split peaks Compound 1 and Compound
4 shall appear, they should be calculated as sum of each split
peak.
For Assay:
[0404] A1) The Blank B should be free from interfering peak at the
retention time for pridopidine.
[0405] A2) The retention time of the pridopidine peak should be
4.6.+-.0.5 min,
[0406] A3) Calculate the RSD % of the five areas of reference B1.
The RSD should be 2.0%.
[0407] A4) Calculate the assay of each injections of reference 132.
The assay should be in the interval 99-101
[0408] w/w-% of the assay of the reference B1.
[0409] A5) Calculate the number of theoretical plates (N) and the
tailing factor (T) for the pridopidine peak in the first injection
of reference B1. Number of theoretical plates 2: 8000 and tailing
factor 0.7-1.0.
[0410] A6) Calculate the deviation between the two assay
determinations (Sample A and B) according to eq. 1 The deviation
should be less than or equal to 2%.
Assay A - Assay B .times. 100 ( Assay A + Assay B ) .times. 0.5
.ltoreq. 2 .times. % ( eq .times. .1 ) ##EQU00001##
[0411] The analytical method description described herein will be
updated to include acceptance criteria for number of theoretical
plates (N) and the tailing factor (T) for pridopidine peak.
Result
For Related Substances:
[0412] The content of related substances should be calculated as -%
and corrected with relative response factors and reported as %
according to eq. 2.
%.sub.x=area-%.sub.x.times.RRF.sub.x (eq. 2)
%.sub.x percent content of an impurity `x` area-%.sub.x area-% of
an impurity `x` calculated from the chromatogram RRF.sub.x Relative
Response Factor of an impurity `x`
[0413] Use following response factors:
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Relative response Name factor Compound 8
0.2 Compound 2 0.7
[0414] Remaining related substances will be correct for RRF 1.
[0415] For assay:
[0416] Calculate the assay of pridopidine in w/w-% using the
external standard methodology (see below). Use the mean response
factor obtained from the five injections of reference B1 for the
calculation.
f x = c xR A xR ( eq .times. .3 ) A xS .times. f x .times. 100 c xS
= pridopidine .times. .times. ( w .times. / .times. w .times. -
.times. % ) ( eq .times. .4 ) ##EQU00002##
f.sub.x mean response factor of pridopidine from reference solution
B1 c.sub.xR concentration of pridopidine in reference solution
(mg/ml) c.sub.xS concentration of sample solution (mg/mL) A.sub.xR
area of pridopidine in each injection of reference solution B1
A.sub.xS area of pridopidine in sample chromatogram
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Analytical Methods for Determination of
Impurities in the Drug Substance Quantitation Quantitation
Detection Example Method Limit Limit Limit Parameter Number Type
(wegith-%) (area-%) (area-%) Compound Example RP-HPLC 0.04 0.04
0.01 1 8 Compound Example RP-HPLC 0.03 0.05 0.01 2 8 Compound
Example RP-HPLC 0.05 0.05 0.03 3 8 Compound Example RP-HPLC 0.04
0.04 0.01 4 8 Compound Example RP-HPLC 0.04 0.04 0.01 5 8 Compound
Example RP-HPLC 0.04 0.04 0.01 6 8
[0417] During course of the validation the response factors for
Compound 5, Compound 1, Compound 4, Compound 8, Compound 2,
Compound 6 and Compound 3 has been evaluated and compared to the
response factor of pridopidine. The relative response factor of the
impurities are presented in Table 22:
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Relative Response Factors Name Relative
Response Factor (.alpha. pridopidine/.alpha. Compound 5 0.91
Compound 1 1.01 Compound 4 1.02 Compound 8 0.16 Compound 2 0.65
Compound 6 1.05 Compound 3 0.99
Example 9--Specification of Pridopidine Hydrochloride Drug
Substance
TABLE-US-00023 [0418] TABLE 23 Ret. time Resolution (tangent Name
(min) method) Compound 5 1.99 N/A Compound 1 2.42 3.3 Compound 4
3.58 6.6 pridopidine 4.68 4.9 Compound 8 6.09 7.5 Compound 2 7.36
11.2 Compound 6 8.69 11.8 Compound 3 9.92 10.1
[0419] Pridopidine HCl is a white to almost white powder. The
specifications of pridopidine HCl are as follows:
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Specification of Pridopidine Hydrochloride
Drug Substance Test Acceptance Criteria Method Description White to
almost white Visual inspection powder Absence of lumps Pass Visual
and touching Identification IR Conforms to reference IR IR spectrum
X-ray diffractogram Conforms to reference XRPD X-ray diffractogram
Chloride Positive Ph. Eur. Assay, HPLC, % w/w 98.0-102.0 HPLC
Related substances, HPLC, area % Compound 5 .ltoreq.0.15 HPLC
Compound 1 .ltoreq.0.15 HPLC Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 HPLC Compound
8 .ltoreq.0.15 HPLC Compound 3 .ltoreq.0.15 HPLC Compound 2
.ltoreq.0.15 HPLC Compound 6 .ltoreq.0.15 HPLC Unknown impurities,
each .ltoreq.0.10 HPLC Impurities in total .ltoreq.0.50 HPLC
Example 10--Accelerated and Long Term Stability in Pridopidine HCl
Drug Product
[0420] Batches 1, 2 and 3 were manufactured according to cGMP and
in scale as the expected commercial scale. Batches 4 and 5 were
manufactured according to the current route of synthesis.
[0421] The stability program for each batch is detailed below in
Table 25.
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Pridopidine HCl Stability Testing Program
Batch 1 2 3 4 5 Batch size (kg) 99.7 97.2 96.6 14.9 105.4 Stability
study Storage 25.degree. C./60% RH: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24,
25.degree. C./60% RH: 0, 3, 6, 9, conditions and 36, 48 and 60
months 30.degree. C./65% RH: 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60 testing 0,
3, 6, 9 and 12 months months intervals 40.degree. C./75% RH: 0, 3
and 6 months 30.degree. C./65% RH: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
40.degree. C./75% RH: 0, 3 and 6 months Test Appearance,
Identification, Crystal form, Appearance, Identification,
parameters Assay, Impurities, Water content, Crystal form, Assay,
Microbial limit Impurities, Water content, Microbial limit
[0422] Stability data for batches 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be found in
Tables 26-37:
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 1
Stored at 25.degree. C./60% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 Appearance Color and
White White White White White White White White White Form powder
powder powder powder powder powder powder powder powder
Identitication (by IR) Complies with Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms ref spectrum
Crystal Form (by X-Ray) Complies with Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms Conforms Not Not Not ref scheduled scheduled
scheduled diffractogram Assay (by HPLC) [% 98.0-102.0 99.9 99.7
100.2 100.2 99.6 100.0 100.4 99.8 99.7 w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 1 .ltoreq.0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 0.09 0.09 0.09
0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 Each (Compound 8, .ltoreq.0.15
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 Compound 3, Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound
5) Unknown Impurities Each .ltoreq.0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Total
.ltoreq.0.50 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 Water
Content (by KF) Run and 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 <0.05 <0.05
0.06 <0.05 [% w/w] record Microbiological Purity [cfu/g] TAMC
.ltoreq.1000 <10 Not Not Not <10 Not Not Not Not scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled TYMC
.ltoreq.10 <10 Not Not Not <10 Not Not Not Not scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled E. Coli
Absent -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 1
Stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 Appearance Color and Form White powder
White powder White powder Identification Complies with ref Conforms
Conforms Conforms (by IR) spectrum Crystal Form Complies with ref
Conforms Conforms Conforms (by X-Ray) diffractogram Assay
98.0-402.0 99.9 99.7 100.1 (by HPLC) [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 1 .ltoreq.0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 Compound 4
.ltoreq.0.15 0.09 0.09 0.09 Each (Compound 8, .ltoreq.0.15 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 Compound 3, Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound 5
Unknown Impurities Each .ltoreq.0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Total .ltoreq.0.50 0.14 0.14 0.14 Water Content Run and record
<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 (by KF) [% w/w) Microbiological Purity
[cfu/g] TAMC .ltoreq.1000 <10 Not scheduled Not scheduled TYMC
.ltoreq.10 <10 Not scheduled Not scheduled E. Coli Absent -- --
--
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 2
Stored at 25.degree. C./60% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 Appearance Color and
White White White White White White White White White Form powder
powder powder powder powder powder powder powder powder
Identification (by IR) Complies with Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms ref spectrum
Crystal Form (by X- Complies with Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms Conforms Not Not Not Ray) ref scheduled scheduled
scheduled diffractogram Assay (by HPLC) 98.0-102.0 100.1 99.9 100.4
100.3 100.2 100.1 100.4 99.7 100.5 [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 <0.05
0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Each (Compound 1, .ltoreq.0.15 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 Compound 8, Compound 3, Compound 2, Compound 6 and
Compound 5) Unknown Impurities .ltoreq.0.10 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Each
Total .ltoreq.0.50 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 <0.05 0.05 <0.05
<0.05 Water Content (by Run and 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 KE) [% w/w) record
Microbiological Purity [cfu/g] TAMC .ltoreq.1000 <10 Not Not Not
<10 Not Not Not Not scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled TYMC .ltoreq.10 <10 Not Not Not
<10 Not Not Not Not scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled E. Coli Absent -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- --
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 2
Stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 Appearance Color and Form White powder
White powder White powder Identification (by IR) Complies with
Conforms Conforms Conforms ref spectrum Crystal Form Complies with
Conforms Conforms Conforms (by X-Ray) ref diffractogram Assay (by
HPLC) 98.0-102.0 100.1 99.6 100.6 [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 0.05 0.05 0.05 Each (Compound 1,
.ltoreq.0.15 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 8, Compound 3,
Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound 5) Unknown Impurities Each
.ltoreq.0.10 Total .ltoreq.0.50 0.05 0.05 0.05 Water Content (by
KF) Run and record <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 [% w/w) Microbiological
Purity [cfu/g] TAMC .ltoreq.1000 <10 Not scheduled Not scheduled
TYMC .ltoreq.10 <10 Not scheduled Not scheduled E. Coli Absent
-- -- --
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 3
Stored at 25.degree. C./60% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 Appearance Color and
White White White White White White White White White Form powder
powder powder powder powder powder powder powder powder
Identification (by Complies Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms IR) with ref spectrum
Crystal Form (by X- Complies Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms Not Not Not Ray) with ref scheduled scheduled
scheduled diffractogram Assay (by HPLC) 98.0-102.0 100.5 99.8 100.4
100.6 100.0 100.1 100.5 100.2 100.5 [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05
0.05 0.05 Each (Compound 1, .ltoreq.0.15 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 8,
Compound 3, Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound 5) Unknown
Impurities .ltoreq.0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Each Total
.ltoreq.0.50 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 Water
Content (by Run and 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 KF) [% w/w) record Microbiological Purity [cfu/g]
TAMC .ltoreq.1000 <10 Not Not Not <10 Not Not Not Not
scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled TYMC .ltoreq.10 <10 Not Not Not <10 Not Not Not Not
scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled E. Coli Absent -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 3
Stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 Appearance Color and Form White powder
White powder White powder Identification (by IR) Complies with
Conforms Conforms Conforms ref spectrum Crystal Form Complies with
Conforms Conforms Conforms (by X-Ray) ref diffractogram Assay (by
HPLC) 98.0-102.0 100.5 99.7 100.5 [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 0.06 0.06 0.06 Each (Compound 1,
.ltoreq.0.15 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 8, Compound 3,
Compound 2, Compound 6 and Compound 5) Unknown Impurities Each
.ltoreq.0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Total .ltoreq.0.50 0.06
0.06 0.06 Water Content (by KF) Run and record <0.1 <0.1
<0.1 [% w/w) Microbiological Purity [cfu/g] TAMC .ltoreq.1000
<10 Not scheduled Not scheduled TYMC .ltoreq.10 <10 Not
scheduled Not scheduled E. Coli Absent -- -- --
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 4
Stored at 25.degree. C./60% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 9 12 18 24 36 Appearance Color and Form
White White White White White White White White powder powder
powder powder powder powder powder powder Identification (by IR)
Complies with Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms ref spectrum Crystal Form (by X- Complies with
Conforms Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Ray) ref scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled diffractogram
Assay by HPLC) 98.0-102.0 100.4 98.6 99.8 99.7 99.5 99.9 99.8 100.1
[% w/w] impurities (by HPLC) [area %] Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 0.06
0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 Compound 3 .ltoreq.0.15 0.06
<0.05 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 Compound 8 .ltoreq.0.15
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
<0.01 Each (Compound 1, .ltoreq.0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 2, Compound
6, Compound 5 and Unknown Impurities Each) Total .ltoreq.050 0.12
0.06 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.11 Water Content (by Run and record
0.06 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
KF) [% w/w) Microbiological Purity [cfu/g] TAMC .ltoreq.1000 <10
Not Not Not Not Not Not Not scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled TYMC .ltoreq.10 <10 Not Not Not
Not Not Not Not scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled E. Coli Absent Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Not
detectable scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 4
Stored at 30.degree. C./65% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 9 12 Appearance Color and White powder
White powder White powder White powder White powder Form
Identification (by Complies Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms IR) with ref spectrum Crystal Form (by X- Complies
Conforms Not scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled Conforms Ray)
with ref diffractogram Assay (by HPLC) 98.0-102.0 100.4 99.0 99.5
100.0 99.6 [% w/w] Impurities(by HPLC) [area %] Compound 4
.ltoreq.0.15 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 Compound 3 .ltoreq.0.15 0.06
<0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 Compound 8 .ltoreq.0.15 <0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Each (Compound 1, .ltoreq.0.15 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 2, Compound 6,
Compound 5 and Unknown Impurities Each) Total <0.50 0.12 0.07
0.13 0.13 0.12 Water Content (by Run and <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
<0.1 <0.1 KF) [% w/w) record Microbiological Purity [cfu/g]
TAMC .ltoreq.1000 <10 Not scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled
<10 TYMC .ltoreq.10 <10 Not scheduled Not scheduled Not
scheduled <10 E. Coli Absent Not detectable Not scheduled Not
scheduled Not scheduled Not detectable
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 4
Stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 Appearance Color and Form White powder
White powder White powder Identification (by IR) Complies with
Conforms Conforms Conforms ref spectrum Crystal Form Complies with
Conforms Not scheduled Conforms (by X-Ray) ref diffractogram Assay
(by HPLC) 98.0-102.0 100.4 99.5 99.7 [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 4 .ltoreq.0.15 0.06 0.07 0.07 Compound 3
.ltoreq.0.15 0.06 <0.05 0.07 Compound 8 .ltoreq.0.15 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01 Each (Compound 1, .ltoreq.0.15 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 Compound 2, Compound 6, Compound 5 and Unknown Impurities
Each) Total .ltoreq.0.50 0.12 0.07 0.13 Water Content (by KF) Run
and record 0.06 <0.05 <0.05 [% w/w) Microbiological Purity
[cfu/g] TAMC .ltoreq.1000 <10 Not scheduled <10 TYMC
.ltoreq.10 <10 Not scheduled <10 E. Coli Absent Not
detectable Not scheduled Not detectable
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 5
Stored at 25.degree. C./60% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 9 12 18 24 Appearance Color and White
White White White White White White Form powder powder powder
powder powder powder powder Identification (by Complies Conforms
Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms IR) with ref
spectrum Crystal Form (by Complies Conforms Not Not Not Not Not Not
X-Ray) with ref scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled diffractogram Assay (by HPLC) 98.0-102 .0 99.8 100.0 99.9
99.9 99.7 100.1 100.1 [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC) [area %]
Compound 3 .ltoreq.0.15 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.07 Compound
8 .ltoreq.0.15 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01 Each (Compound .ltoreq.0.15 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 5, Compound
4, Compound 2, Compound 6 and Unknown Impurities Each) Total
.ltoreq.0.50 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.07 Water Content (by
Run and <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.05 KF) [% w/w) record Microbiological Purity [cfu/g] TAMC
.ltoreq.1000 Not Not Not Not Not Not Not scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled TYMC .ltoreq.10
Not Not Not Not Not Not Not scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled scheduled scheduled E. Coli Absent Not Not Not Not Not
Not Not scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled scheduled
scheduled
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 5
Stored at 30.degree. C./65% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 9 12 Appearance Color and White powder
White powder White powder White powder White powder Form
Identification (by IR) Complies with Conforms Conforms Conforms
Conforms Conforms ref spectrum Crystal Form (by X- Complies with
Conforms Not scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled Conforms Ray)
ref diffractogram Assay (by HPLC) 98.0-102.0 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8
99.7 [w/w] Impurities (by HPLC) [area %] Compound 8 .ltoreq.0.15
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Compound 3
.ltoreq.0.15 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.10 Each (Compound 5,
.ltoreq.0.15 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound
4, Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 6 and Unknown Impurities Each)
Total .ltoreq.0.50 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.10 Water Content (by Run
and record <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 KF) [% w/w)
Microbiological Purity [cfu/g] TAMC .ltoreq.1000 Not scheduled Not
scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled <10 TYMC .ltoreq.10 Not
scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled <10 E. Coli
Absent Not scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled Not scheduled Not
detectable
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 Stability Data of Pridopidine HCl Batch 5
Stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH Acceptance Storage Period (Months)
Parameters Criteria 0 3 6 Appearance Color and Form White powder
White powder White powder Identification (by IR) Complies with
Conforms Conforms Conforms ref spectrum Crystal Form Complies with
Conforms Not scheduled Conforms (by X-Ray) ref diffractogram Assay
(by HPLC) 98.0-102.0 99.8 99.9 99.5 [% w/w] Impurities (by HPLC)
[area %] Compound 8 .ltoreq.0.15 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Compound 3 .ltoreq.0.15 0.10 0.10 0.06 Each (Compound 5,
.ltoreq.0.15 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Compound 4, Compound 1,
Compound 2, Compound 6 and Unknown Impurities Each) Total
.ltoreq.0.50 0.10 0.10 0.06 Water Content (by KF) Run and record
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 [% w/w) Microbiological Purity [cf4/g]
TAMC .ltoreq.1000 Not scheduled Not scheduled <10 TYMC
.ltoreq.10 Not scheduled Not scheduled <10 E. Coli Absent Not
scheduled Not scheduled Not detectable
Summary of the Results in Tables 26-37 and Conclusions:
Appearance:
[0423] No significant change is observed in color or form when
stored at 10.degree. C./75% RH for up to 6 months, at 30.degree.
C./65% RH for up to 12 months or at 25.degree. C./60% RH for up to
48 months.
Crystal Form:
[0424] No change in polymorphic form is observed when pridopidine
HCl is stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH for up to 6 months and at
30.degree. C./65% RH for up to 12 months. X-Ray diffractograms
recorded after 18 months at 25.degree. C./60% RH showed no change.
X-Ray analyses will be performed again at the end of the long term
stability program (60 months).
Assay:
[0425] When pridopidine HCl is stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH for
up to 6 months, no significant change in assay is observed. Similar
no significant change is observed when stored at 30.degree. C./65%
RH for up to 12 months or at 25.degree. C./60% RH for up to 48
months.
Impurities:
[0426] No degradation of pridopidine HCl is observed when the drug
substance is stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH for up to 6 months, at
30.degree. C./65% RH for up to 12 months or at 25.degree. C./60% RH
for up to 48 months.
Water Content
[0427] No significant change regarding water content is observed
when pridopidine HCl is stored at 40.degree. C./75% RH for up to 6
months, at 30.degree. C./65% RH for tip to 12 months or at
25.degree. C./60% RH for up to 48 months.
Conclusion:
[0428] No evidence of relevant changes was observed for the
parameters tested at any of the storage conditions. Pridopidine HCl
is considered physically and chemically stable when stored at
40.degree. C. and 75% RH for up to 6 months, at 30.degree. C./65%
RH for up to 12 months or at 25.degree. C. and 60% RH for up to 48
months.
Example 11--Forced Degradation Study
[0429] A forced degradation study has been performed on pridopidine
HCl drug product and drug substance. The studied material was
subjected to acid and base hydrolysis, thermal stress both as solid
and in solution, oxidation, humidity induced stress and
photolysis.
[0430] The study showed that pridopidine HCl is very stable under
most of the studied conditions except for when subjected to
oxidative conditions, where considerable degradation was observed.
The major degradation product was Compound 5. There was also some
degradation in the basic hydrolysis study but only a minor total
degradation was observed with the largest degradation product being
unidentified.
[0431] Mass balance was also investigated and found to be good for
all studied conditions.
Summary and Conclusions of Examples 10-11
[0432] The amounts of the organic impurities remained below the
accepted criteria in all the conditions tested over all time
periods as shown in Example 10. Compound 5, which is the only known
potential degradation product (Example 11), remained low in all the
tested conditions as shown in Example 10.
Example 12--Specification of Pridopidine HCl Drug Product
[0433] As detailed in example 10, no degradation products have been
detected in the pridopidine HCl in any storage conditions. In
addition, no additional impurities are created during the formation
of the drug product. Therefore, the same amounts of the organic
impurities Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4, Compound
5, and Compound 6 which are controlled in the drug substance remain
in the drug product, and the accepted criteria relating to the
organic impurities Compound 1, Compound 2, Compound 3, Compound 4,
Compound 5, and Compound 6 as detailed in Table 22 are relevant to
the drug product.
Example 13--Batch Analysis of Pridopidine HCl Drug Substance
[0434] A number of batches of Pridopidine HCl drug substance were
manufactured at various manufacturing facilities and subsequently
analyzed. All batches contained the known identified impurities
Compound 5, Compound 1, Compound 4, Compound 8 Compound 6 and
Compound 3 in levels below the qualification limit of 0.15%.
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 Analysis of the content of each of the
impurities Compound 5, Compound 1, Compound 4, Compound 8 Compound
6 and Compound 3 available in the API batches used for tox studies
Impurity/Batch No. Z Y X Compound 5 NP NP <0.05 Compound 1 NP NP
0.06 Compound 4 NP <0.05 0.06 Compound 8 0.02 NP <0.05
Compound 6 NP <0.05 <0.05 Compound 2 NP NP <0.05 Compound
3 NP <0.05 <0.05 Largest impurity 0.15 <0.05 <0.05
NP--Not performed
Example 14--Batch Analysis of Pridopidine HCl Drug Product
[0435] A number of batches of Pridopidine HCl drug product were
manufactured at various manufacturing facilities and subsequently
analyzed.
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 Analysis of Pridopidine HCl Batches used
for Non-Clinical and Clinical Studies Related Substances by HPLC
[area %] Batch Compound Compound 4 Compound 3 Compound 6 Unknown
Impurities Number 5 Compound 1 (Peak 1) Compound 8 (Peak 2)
Compound 2 (Peak 3) Compound 9 Impurities in Total Acceptance
.ltoreq.0.15 .ltoreq.0.15 .ltoreq.0.15 .ltoreq.0.15 .ltoreq.0.15
.ltoreq.0.15 .ltoreq.0.15 Report .ltoreq.0.10 .ltoreq.0.50 Criteria
value each A -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.51 B -- -- -- -- -- -- --
-- -- 0.26 C -- -- <0.05 -- 0.06 -- <0.05 -- <0.05 0.06 D
-- -- <0.05 -- <0.05 -- <0.05 -- <0.05 <0.05 E -- --
<0.05 -- <0.05 -- <0.05 -- 0.09.sup.1 0.09 F -- --
<0.05 -- <0.05 -- <0.05 -- 0.07.sup.1 0.07 1 -- -- 0.09 --
ND -- ND -- 0.05 0.14 2 -- -- 0.05 -- ND -- ND -- ND 0.05 3 -- --
0.05 -- ND -- ND -- ND 0.06 4 <0.05 <0.05 0.08 <0.05 0.07
<0.05 <0.05 <1 <0.05 0.15 5 <0.05.sup.2 <0.05
<0.05 <0.05 0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <1 <0.05 0.10 G
<0.05 0.06 <0.05 <0.01 0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <1
<0.05 0.15 H <0.05 0.07 <0.05 <0.01 0.08 <0.05
<0.05 <1 <0.05 0.14 I <0.05 <0.05 0.06 <0.01 0.11
<0.05 <0.05 <1 <0.05 0.17 J <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
<0.01 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1 <0.05 <0.05 K <0.05
0.07 <0.05 <0.01 0.08 <0.05 <0.05 <1 <0.05 0.15
Compound 9 is
4-hydroxy-4-(3-(methylsu1fonyl)phenyl)-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium
chloride.
Example 15--Synergistic Effect of Pridopidine and Compound 1 or
Pridopidine and Compound 4
[0436] Compound 1 and Compound 4 both display a synergistic effect
with pridopidine on BDNF secretion from B104 neuroblastoma
cells.
[0437] Compound 1 and Compound 4 show selective binding to the
Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R, Ki=0.37 .mu.M for compound 1 and Ki=:2.9
.mu.M for compound 4) with no binding to the Sigma-2 receptor (S2R,
Ki>100 .mu.M for both compound 1 and 4), as shown in Table
40.
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 Binding affinity of pridopidine, Compound 1
and Compound 4 to the Sigma-1 and Sigma-2 receptors S1R Ki S2R Ki
S1R fold selectivity Compound (.mu.M) (.mu.M) (S2R/S1R) Pridopidine
0.057 5.45 96 Compound 1 0.37 >100 >270 Compound 4 2.9
>100 >35
[0438] In-vitro binding assays per formed at Eurofins Panlabs
Taiwan, Ltd. Specific ligand binding was determined in the presence
of an excess of unlabeled ligand. Inhibition constants (Ki) were
calculated from in vitro binding assays using the Cheng Prusoff
equation (Cheng and Prusoff 1973). Source: Johnston et al, 2019
(Johnston et al. 2019) and NC20-PHARM-2.
[0439] Thus, both Compound 1 and Compound 4 have high affinity to
the S1R and no affinity (Ki >100) to the S2R.
[0440] Reductions in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
levels play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative
disorders and its levels are reduced in neurodegenerative and
neurodevelopmental disorders such as Huntington disease (HD),
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (Zuccato and Cattaneo
2009) and Rett syndrome (Katz 2014).
[0441] Pridopidine demonstrates a dose dependent increase in BDNF
secretion in rat neuroblastoma cells using an in-situ ELISA assay.
This effect is mediated by activation of S1R, since pharmacological
inhibition of the S1R abolished pridopidine's effect (Geva,
Birnberg, et al. 2016).
[0442] When assessing the effect of Compound 1 or Compound 4 with
pridopidine, the applicant identified an unexpected synergistic
effect. The effect was observed in a BDNF in-situ ELISA assay
(Geva, Kusko, et al. 2016).
[0443] Thus, the synergistic effect on BDNF release demonstrated
below is directly relevant to the therapeutic effect of pridopidine
and compound 1 and compound 4.
[0444] The following data surprisingly and unexpectedly show that
pridopidine together with either Compound 4 or Compound 1
demonstrates a synergistic effect on BDNF release.
Synergistic Effect of Compound 4 and Pridopidine on BDNF
Release
[0445] Pridopidine alone induces an increase in BDNF release of
+13.6% at a concentration of 0.001 .mu.M and +26% at a
concentration of 0.005 .mu.M, compared to control untreated cells.
Compound 4 at a concentration of 0.001 .mu.M alone has no effect on
BDNF release compared to untreated control cells (-1.5%). However,
pridopidine and Compound 4 together have an unexpected synergistic
effect on BDNF release. [0446] Pridopidine 0.001 .mu.M+Compound 4
at 0.001 .mu.M induce a 59.1% increase in BDNF release compared to
control untreated cells (FIG. 3A). [0447] Pridopidine 0.005
.mu.M+Compound 4 at 0.001 .mu.M induce an 80.7% increase in BDNF
release compared to control untreated cells (FIG. 3B).
[0448] The effect of pridopidine and Compound 4 together is greater
than the sum of the effects of each compound individually,
indicating a surprising synergistic effect on BDNF secretion. The
results are shown where the values are presented as percent (%) of
change compared to untreated control.
Synergistic Effect of Compound 1 and Pridopidine on BDNF
Release
[0449] Pridopidine alone at a concentration of 0.01 .mu.M induces
an increase in BDNF release compared to control untreated cells of
+3.4%. Compound 1 alone at a concentration of 1 .mu.M induces a
+12.5% increase in BDNF release compared to control. However,
pridopidine and Compound 1 together have a synergistic effect on
BDNF release (+53.1%). [0450] Pridopidine (0.01 .mu.M)+Compound 1
(1 .mu.M) induce a 53.1% increase in BDNF release compared to
control untreated cells (FIG. 4).
[0451] Again, these results indicate a surprising and unexpected
synergistic effect of pridopidine and Compound 1 on BDNF secretion
as their effect when administered together (+53.1%) is greater than
the sum of the effects of each compound individually.
[0452] Thus, the applicant has shown that Compounds 1 and Compound
4 have selective binding affinity to the S1R, together with a
surprising and unexpected synergistic effect with pridopidine on
BDNF release.
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