U.S. patent application number 17/497691 was filed with the patent office on 2022-01-27 for sensor for absorbent article.
The applicant listed for this patent is Medline Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Vladimir Anastasov, Daniel Love, David Noskowicz.
Application Number | 20220023108 17/497691 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | |
Filed Date | 2022-01-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220023108 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Love; Daniel ; et
al. |
January 27, 2022 |
SENSOR FOR ABSORBENT ARTICLE
Abstract
An absorbent structure, including a sensor system, can sense and
measure the level of wetness contained within the absorbent
structure as well as sense and measure environmental conditions.
The sensor system may include passive RFID sensors or tags, RFID
readers, antenna, a tuning module, a processing module, a memory
module and a wireless communication module. The absorbent structure
may further include two or more sensors, with a first sensor placed
in a first area most likely to first be exposed to liquid and a
second sensor spaced apart from the first sensor in an area likely
to be exposed to liquid only after the absorbent structure has
become more saturated.
Inventors: |
Love; Daniel; (Libertyville,
IL) ; Noskowicz; David; (Spring Grove, IL) ;
Anastasov; Vladimir; (Chicago, IL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Medline Industries, Inc. |
Northfield |
IL |
US |
|
|
Appl. No.: |
17/497691 |
Filed: |
October 8, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15913045 |
Mar 6, 2018 |
11173074 |
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17497691 |
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62468009 |
Mar 7, 2017 |
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62503487 |
May 9, 2017 |
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International
Class: |
A61F 13/42 20060101
A61F013/42; A61F 13/02 20060101 A61F013/02; A61F 13/53 20060101
A61F013/53; A61G 7/05 20060101 A61G007/05; G06K 7/10 20060101
G06K007/10 |
Claims
1. An absorbent pad for covering a patient support structure, the
absorbent pad comprising: a periphery having a first portion and a
second portion; a liquid permeable layer; a liquid impermeable base
layer; an absorbent layer positioned between the liquid permeable
layer and the liquid impermeable layer; a first sensor positioned
between the liquid permeable layer and the liquid impermeable
layer, the first sensor indicating when exudate is present at the
first sensor; and a second sensor positioned between the liquid
permeable layer and the liquid impermeable layer, the second sensor
indicating when exudate is present at the second sensor; wherein
the first sensor is positioned in a central portion of the
absorbent pad and is not positioned adjacent to the periphery
wherein the second sensor is separated from the first sensor by a
first distance, and wherein the second sensor is positioned
adjacent to the first portion of the periphery and is not
positioned adjacent to the second portion of the periphery.
2. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the base layer is
breathable
3. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the absorbent layer
comprises a superabsorbent polymer.
4. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the base layer comprises a
layer of polymeric film.
5. The absorbent pad of claim 4, wherein the base layer further
comprises a layer of non-woven material.
6. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the base layer is air
permeable.
7. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the first sensor is
positioned between the liquid permeable layer and the absorbent
layer.
8. The absorbent structure of pad 7, wherein the second sensor is
positioned between the absorbent layer and the liquid impermeable
layer.
9. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the first sensor is
positioned between the absorbent layer and the liquid impermeable
layer.
10. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the first sensor is
positioned within the absorbent layer.
11. The absorbent pad of claim 10, wherein the second sensor is
positioned within the absorbent layer.
12. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the second sensor is
positioned between the liquid permeable layer and the absorbent
layer.
13. The absorbent pad of claim 1, wherein the first sensor
comprises a first RFID tag.
14. The absorbent structure of claim 13, wherein the first RFID tag
comprises a tail and an antenna coupled to the tail.
15. The absorbent structure of claim 14, wherein the first RFID tag
outputs information indicative an impedance value that varies with
an environmental condition in which the antenna and the tail are
placed.
16. The absorbent structure of claim 15, wherein the environmental
condition is an environmental condition selected from the group
consisting of temperature, humidity, wetness, or proximity of an
RFID reader to the RFID sensor.
17. The absorbent pad of claim 12, wherein the second sensor
comprises a second RFID tag separate from the first RFID tag.
18. The absorbent structure of claim 17, wherein the second RFID
tag comprises a second tail and a second antenna coupled to the
second tail, and wherein the second RFID tag outputs information
indicative an impedance value that varies with an environmental
condition in which the second antenna and the second tail are
placed.
19. An absorbent pad for covering a patient support structure and
for absorbing a liquid emitted by a patient, the absorbent pad
having a first area most likely to first be exposed to the liquid,
the absorbent structure comprising: a periphery having a first
portion and a second portion; a liquid permeable layer; a liquid
impermeable layer; an absorbent layer positioned between the liquid
permeable layer and the liquid impermeable layer; a first moisture
sensor positioned between the liquid permeable layer and the liquid
impermeable layer; and a second moisture sensor positioned between
the liquid permeable layer and the liquid impermeable layer;
wherein the first moisture sensor is positioned within the
absorbent pad first area and the first sensor does not extend
outside the first area, and wherein the second sensor is separated
and isolated from the first sensor by a first distance, and wherein
the second sensor is positioned outside the wound dressing first
area adjacent to the first portion of the periphery and not at the
second portion of the periphery.
20. The absorbent structure of claim 19, wherein the second sensor
is not electrically connected with the first sensor.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of commonly owned U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 15/913,045, filed Mar. 6, 2018, which
application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Nos. 62/503,487, filed May 9, 2017, and 62/468,009,
filed Mar. 7, 2017, each of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to absorbent
articles and, in particular, to the use of wetness and other
sensors.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Millions of people of all ages suffer from incontinence of
the bowel or bladder. Whether an infant, adult, or elderly person,
the underlying cause of incontinence varies but the method of
treatment typically involves absorbent article products. Adult
incontinent briefs, disposable diapers, pull-up diapers, protective
underwear and underpads can alleviate some of the emotional and
physical discomfort of incontinence by absorbing and containing
liquid and other discharges from the human body to prevent body and
clothing soiling.
[0004] Typical absorbent articles include a topsheet facing the
wearer that permits fluid exudates to pass through and a backsheet
that prevents the exudates from escaping from the absorbent
article. Much advancement has been made in the art since the
introduction of the disposable absorbent article, as shown, for
example, in applicant's co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.
13/832,965, which is incorporated by reference herein. However,
quality care for patients and other users of absorbent articles
requires that the article be changed after being wetted, and most
of these articles are not adapted to aid the caregiver in the
monitoring of the status of the article.
[0005] In addition, other articles may be exposed to fluid exudates
and require replacement, including absorbent pads, sheets, bedding,
mattresses and various types of bandages.
[0006] For example, bed sores, also known as pressure ulcers or
decubitus ulcers, are prevalent among people who are bed-ridden or
otherwise immobilized. Skin ulcers can be caused by pressure
exerted on the skin and soft tissues (e.g., the individual's body
weight resting against a hard surface such as a bed or chair) and
are exacerbated when the skin is also exposed to moisture (e.g.,
due to incontinence) and/or friction, heat, and shear forces, for
example caused by moving or repositioning a bed-ridden patient.
[0007] Elderly nursing home residents are particularly vulnerable
to pressure ulcers since they are frequently bed-ridden and
incontinent. Approximately one out of ten nursing home residents
have some form of pressure ulcers. Since pressure ulcers can be
persistent and heal slowly, treating pressure ulcers once formed is
thus expensive, so there is a significant need to minimize a
patient's exposure to conditions that would cause such ulcers.
Accordingly, there exists a need to monitor the condition of
bedding, sheets and absorbent pads used with patients. There also
exists a need to monitor the condition of anti-ulcer devices such
as heel boots/protectors.
[0008] In a further example, mattresses used in care facilities may
become contaminated with urine or other fluids that have penetrated
through a sheet or cover. Current practice requires a caregiver or
supplier to visually assess the mattress by removing the cover.
Such assessment creates a risk of infection and
cross-contamination. Accordingly, there exists a need, among
others, to monitor mattresses without the need to remove covers and
visually inspect the mattresses.
[0009] A number of devices and wetness detecting systems have been
attempted to report when a diaper, bedding, or adult incontinence
article becomes wet due to incontinence. For example, U.S. Pat. No.
8,421,636, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a
patient monitoring system that detects wetness in an absorbent
article. However, such devices may be improved in various ways as
set forth herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Advantages of the invention will become apparent upon
reading the following detailed description and upon reference to
the drawings.
[0011] FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an absorbent article in a
substantially flat un-contracted position according to one
embodiment of the invention.
[0012] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the absorbent
article of FIG. 1, again in a substantially flat un-contracted
position.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a second absorbent core of
the absorbent article depicted in FIG. 1.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first absorbent core of
the absorbent article depicted in FIG. 1.
[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of an absorbent
article in a second configuration.
[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of an absorbent article in a
third configuration.
[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an RFID tag antenna configuration in
accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates an RFID tag antenna configuration in
accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates an RFID tag antenna configuration in
accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an RFID tag antenna configuration in
accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates an RFID tag antenna configuration in
accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0022] FIG. 12 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of an
absorbent pad of the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 13 shows a top view of an embodiment of the absorbent
pad of FIG. 12.
[0024] FIG. 14 is a partially cutaway, perspective view of a
mattress and bed frame in accordance with embodiments of the
invention.
[0025] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a wound dressing in
accordance with embodiments of the invention. Portion of the
dressing have been removed to show interior features.
[0026] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the wound dressing of
FIG. 15.
[0027] FIG. 17 is a top view of the wound dressing of FIG. 15.
Portion of the dressing have been removed to show interior
features.
[0028] FIG. 18 is a top view of a further embodiment of a wound
dressing in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0029] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a heel protector in
accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0030] FIG. 20 is a side view of a compression garment in
accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0031] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way
of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein.
It should be understood, however, that the invention is not
intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather,
the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and
alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0032] Embodiments of the invention are now described in detail.
Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like parts
throughout the views. As used in the description herein and
throughout the claims, the following terms take the meanings
explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise: the meaning of "a," "an," and "the" includes plural
reference, the meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on." Relational
terms such as first and second, top and bottom, forward and
rearward, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity
or action from another entity or action without necessarily
requiring or implying any actual such relationship, direction or
order between such entities or actions.
[0033] Absorbent articles as described herein generally include a
moisture-pervious inner layer, an absorbent layer, and a
moisture-impervious outer layer. Although portions of the
description will be specifically directed to adult incontinence
articles, such as disposable diapers, it is to be understood that
the embodiments may also be implemented using other absorbent
articles and that the properties and uses described below apply to
these other absorbent articles as well. Throughout this
application, the terms absorbent article and diaper are used
interchangeably. However, it should be understood that the term
diaper is intended to include other absorbent articles, such as
training pants, incontinence pads, etc., as would be understood by
one of ordinary skill in the art. It should be further understood
that the term absorbent article may refer to other absorbent
structures used to absorb fluid associated with the care of
patients. Such absorbent structures may include feminine hygienic
pads, absorbent pads, mattresses, absorbent sheets, wound dressings
and other absorbent structures. The terms user and patient are also
used interchangeably to indicate a person in conjunction with whom
the absorbent structure is used.
[0034] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an exemplary non-limiting general
embodiment of an absorbent article 100. FIG. 1 illustrates a plan
view of the absorbent article 100 in a substantially flat
un-contracted state. As shown in these figures, the absorbent
article 100 generally consists of several layers, including an
inner layer, an absorbent layer, and an outer layer. The inner
layer faces a wearer and contacts the skin of the wearer when the
absorbent article 100 is secured to the wearer. The inner layer may
comprise a topsheet 130 that is composed of a moisture-pervious
fabric suitable to allow bodily discharge to pass through the inner
layer and be absorbed by the absorbent layer. Non-limiting examples
of materials suitable to form the topsheet 130 include
polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, materials having
hydrophobic properties, combinations thereof and/or the like.
Additionally, the topsheet can be treated with a hydrophilic finish
to improve pass through of liquids to diaper layers beneath the
inner layer. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydrophilic finishes
include stearic acid, melamine-based chemicals, fluorocarbon
chemicals, and silicon based chemicals.
[0035] The plan view of FIG. 1 is shown from the top or patient
contacting side of the absorbent article. The topsheet (130) and
other components have been removed for clarity. FIG. 2 is an
exploded perspective view of the absorbent article 100. Again, the
article 100 is shown in a substantially flat un-contracted state
with certain items removed for clarity.
[0036] As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the absorbent article
100 comprises a chassis 102. The chassis 102 includes a front waist
region 105, a back waist region 107, and a crotch region 109 that
is disposed longitudinally between the front and back waist regions
105 and 107. The front waist region 105 and the back waist region
107 generally comprise those portions of the absorbent article 100
which, when worn, encircle the waist of the wearer. The crotch
region 109 is that portion of the absorbent article 100 which, when
the absorbent article 100 is worn, is generally positioned between
the legs of the wearer.
[0037] The chassis 102 has a shape such that its outer perimeter is
rectangular or at least substantially rectangular in the
illustrative embodiment of the absorbent article 100. In other
embodiment, there may be portions of the chassis that are shaped
and/or removed, such as in the crotch region 109, for example,
resulting in a narrower crotch region portion 109 to provide a
contoured fit between the legs. Still other embodiments have
different shaped chassis, such as hourglass shapes, T-shapes, and
the like.
[0038] Rear side panels 104, 106 are coupled to and may extend from
the back waist region 105. The disposable article may further
include front side panels 108, 110 that are coupled to and may
extend from the front waist region 105. The back region 107 is
generally positioned against the back of the user. The front region
105 is generally positioned against the front of the user. The rear
side panels 104, 106 are configured to wrap around a wearer's waist
from back to front, extending from each side of the back waist
region 105. The front side panels 108, 110 are configured to wrap
around a wearer's waist from front to back. In this manner, rear
side panel 106 can be connected to front side panel 108 and rear
side panel 104 can be connected to front side panel 110 to couple
the front region 105 to the back region 107. In this embodiment
there are four side panels 104, 106, 108, 110. However, it should
be recognized that other embodiments may be configured with more or
fewer side panels. In particular, rear side panels 104, 106 may
connect directly to an outside surface of front waist region 105
rather than to front side panels 108, 110.
[0039] The side panels may attach to the chassis 102 in a variety
of manners as would be apparent to one of skill in the art. For
example, as described in applicant's co-pending U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/832,965. Alternatively, one or more of the
side panels may be integrally formed, in whole or in part, with a
backsheet 135 or topsheet 130 of the absorbent article. The
backsheet 135 will have an outside surface 134 facing away from the
patient wearing the absorbent article and an inside surface 136
facing toward the patient.
[0040] The rear side panels 104, 106 may also include fasteners
120. Fasteners 120 may comprise adhesive tape, hook and loop, snaps
or any other appropriate fasteners as would be understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art. As shown in the illustrative embodiment,
rear side panel 104, 106 includes two fasteners 120. In a preferred
embodiment, fasteners 120 can be configured to operatively couple
rear side panels 104, 106 to a front region 105 of the diaper
chassis 102. Alternative, fasteners 120 may also engage front side
panels 108, 110 to attach rear side panels 104, 106, respectively.
While FIG. 1 depicts rear side panels 104, 106 as including two
fasteners 120, in some embodiments, more or fewer fasteners may be
used. While FIG. 1 depicts fasteners 120 sized and shaped a
particular way, in other embodiments, fasteners 120 can be a
different size and/or shape. Alternatively, the front side panels
108, 110 may include fasteners in additions to, or in place of, the
fasteners 120 attached to rear side panels 104, 106.
[0041] In another embodiment, the front region 105 and/or front
panels 108, 110 may include added or modified features to reinforce
or increase the affinity to the fastening device. Additionally,
features may be employed to allow adhesive fasteners to be attached
and detached from the fastening region multiple times. Those
skilled in the art will recognize that there are multiple
approaches to doing so via modification of the base material as
well as additions of various materials. For example, fasteners 120
may incorporate the hook component of a hook-and-loop closure and
portions of the front region 105 and/or front panels 108, 110 may
be comprise a corresponding loop component. The surface of front
region 105 and/or front panels 108, 110 may be treated to increase
or decrease the affinity for the hook components. Alternatively,
separate loop component material may be adhered to the surface of
the front region 105 and/or front panels 108, 110.
[0042] Referring again FIGS. 1 and 2, embodiments of the absorbent
article 100 include an absorbent layer. The absorbent layer may
comprise an acquisition and/or distribution ("A/D") layer 133, a
first absorbent core 116, and a second absorbent core 118.
[0043] The liquid acquisition and/or distribution layers serves to
rapidly acquire and then distribute acquired liquid to an absorbent
core for retention. To achieve rapid acquisition and distribution,
these layers often include cellulosic fibers. These layers can
include cross-linked cellulosic fibers to impart bulk and
resilience to the layer, and wood pulp fibers to increase the
wicking of liquid within the layer and to facilitate distribution
of the liquid throughout the layer and ultimately to another layer,
such as a storage layer, that is in liquid communication with the
distribution layer.
[0044] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a top (facing towards
wearer) of the second core 118, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view of
a bottom side (facing away from a wearer) of the first core 116.
Each of the first core 116 and second core 118 can be composed of
similar material, and can be shaped depending on the size of the
absorbent article, and whether it is intended for use by infants,
children and/or adults. By way of example, and as shown in FIGS. 3
and 4, first core 116 can be larger and substantially hourglass
shaped, whereas second core 118 can be smaller, relative to first
core 116, and can be substantially rectangular shaped. In this
manner, the absorbent article can include a large surface area of
coverage provided by the first core 116, and the increased
absorbency provided by the second core 118, without the additional
bulk of a second core having the same size as the first core.
[0045] First core 116 is shown having an embossed bottom and second
core 118 is shown having an embossed top. The embossed top of
second core 118 and the embossed bottom of first core 116 provide
increased longitudinal flow while reducing lateral flow, and, in
this manner, reducing leakage. Said another way, the embossed top
of second core 118 and the embossed bottom of first core 116 allows
fluid to move longitudinally towards the front and the back of a
wearer, as opposed to towards the legs of a wearer.
[0046] Each of the first core 116 and the second core 118 may be
composed of any materials suitable for absorbing the fluids and
discharge including, but not limited to, a fibrous material (e.g.,
fluffed wood pulp), a super absorbent polymer ("SAP"), or the
combination of SAP and fibrous material. The SAP can be natural or
synthetic and may be biodegradable. Non-limiting examples of SAP
include polymers based on acrylate(s) such as sodium acrylate,
potassium acrylate, and/or an alkyl acrylate(s) (e.g., methyl
acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and
hexyl acrylate). The absorbency of the diaper may vary depending
upon whether it is intended for use by infants, children and/or
adults.
[0047] While FIGS. 3 and 4 depict the first core 116 having an
embossed bottom, and the second core 118 having an embossed top, in
some embodiments, an absorbent article can have only a single core
with no embossing, a single core with embossing on both, and/or
other combinations of one or two cores each with embossing on one,
both, or neither side. While the figures show absorbent articles
include one or two cores, in some embodiments, absorbent articles
can include more or fewer cores.
[0048] FIGS. 3 and 4 depict embossing as including four spaced
apart embossing "lines," in some embodiments. However, a core can
include more or fewer embossing lines. In some embodiments,
embossing lines can be adjacent one another, or can be a
combination of adjacent and space apart embossing line. In this
manner, the different combinations of embossing lines can define an
embossing pattern. While FIGS. 3 and 4 depict embossing
substantially along the entire width and length of each respective
core, in some embodiments a core can have embossing substantially
along an entire width and/or length, and/or a portion of a width
and/or length.
[0049] In embodiments of the invention, the first 116 and second
118 cores may be created with or without the use of super absorbent
polymer (SAP). While some literature indicates that the presence of
SAP in a diaper used for urine testing is considered benign,
manufacturing diapers without SAP for the benefit of accuracy is
contemplated by the present invention and may be considered
beneficial.
[0050] Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2, the absorbent article 100 may
further include a set of leak guards and/or a set leg cuffs 142,
144, both known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Additionally, the exemplary absorbent article includes an outer
layer or backsheet 135 and elastic bands 137. The elastic bands 137
can by used to gather the leg of the article around the user's leg,
improving the fit of the absorbent article 100 and can improve the
comfort of the wearer. Elastic bands and other elastic materials
may be used at other places in the absorbent article in order to
improve the fit and/or fluid retention of the article.
[0051] In further embodiments of the invention, the absorbent
article includes a sensor system. The sensor system may function to
sense a level of wetness and provide a means of measuring that
wetness. Embodiments of the invention may include a passive radio
frequency identification wetness sensor/tag as disclosed, for
example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0267769
(Sep. 15, 2016), which is incorporated herein by reference. As used
herein, references to RFID tags or sensors may comprise, but are
not limited to, such passive RFID sensors/tags.
[0052] These passive RFID moisture sensors may include an antenna
coupled to a tail, a processing module, and a wireless
communication module. The antenna and coupled tail have an
impedance that may vary with an environment in which the
antenna/tail is placed. The processing module couples to the
antenna and has one or more self-tuning module(s) that may vary a
reactive component impedance coupled to the antenna in order to
change a system impedance. The system impedance may include the
antenna impedance, tail impedance and the reactive component
impedance. A self-tuning module(s) then produces an impedance value
representative of the reactive component impedance. A memory module
may store the impedance value which may then later is communicated
to an RFID reader. The RFID reader then exchanges the impedance
value representative of the reactive components of impedance with
the RFID reader such that the RFID reader or another external
processing unit or display device may process the impedance value
in order to determine environmental conditions at the antenna.
These environmental conditions may include but are not limited to
temperature, humidity, wetness, or proximity of the RFID reader to
the passive RFID sensor.
[0053] Additional sensors include battery-free RFID sensor chips
that measure pressure and temperature. Such sensors may be readily
embedded into the structure of absorbent articles, mattresses,
wound dressings or the like. An example of such a sensor may use
low frequency and magnetic radio coupling allows it to read through
many materials. Examples of such sensors may include, without
limitation, low frequency RFID passive wireless sensors offered by
Phase IV Engineering Inc.
[0054] As discussed, wetness of an absorbent article such as a
diaper may be an environmental condition that affects the impedance
value. However, the position of the tag in relation to an insult to
the absorbent article may affect the change in impedance and,
therefore, the value reported by the tag when it is queried by the
reader. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention identify
a proper placement of the tag depending upon the size of the
absorbent article and whether the patient is male or female.
[0055] For example, in testing conducted by the applicant, two
different briefs were tested. A small size of a first brief
(FITULTRASM) was tested, and an extra-large size of a second brief
(FITPLUSXLG) was tested. Eighteen specimens were tested--three
specimens at each of three different positions were tested for each
brief type. Specimens were tested using the female anatomy and
lying in the supine position. A 250 mL insult of saline solution
and a flow rate of 15 mL/sec were used. The brief was applied to
the mannequin and an RFID tag was applied vertically to back outer
layer of the brief, at different positions from the point of
insult. Baseline readings of the tags were recorded. The insult was
then delivered at a constant rate. Final readings of the tags were
recorded. A summary of the findings is set forth below:
[0056] 1. FITULTRASM
[0057] 75 mm
[0058] Average Reading Change: 8.8.+-.7.0
[0059] 114 mm
[0060] Average Reading Change: 4.5.+-.6.7
[0061] 152 mm
[0062] Average Reading Change: 1.6.+-.2.8
[0063] Refer to data tables on page 3.
[0064] 2. FITPLUSXLG
[0065] 100 mm
[0066] Average Reading Change: 7.5.+-.1.2
[0067] 152 mm
[0068] Average Reading Change: 4.2.+-.5.4
[0069] 200 mm
[0070] Average Reading Change: 3.8.+-.1.2
[0071] Specific results for each test are provided in the following
tables:
TABLE-US-00001 Mannequin RFID Testing Material(s) FITULTRASM Date:
Mar. 28, 2017 Test Conditions: 22.degree. C./33% RH Volume
Delivered: 75 mL Sample N/A Notes: N/A Conditioning: Position
Supine 75 mm from Point of Insult Flow Rate 15 mL/sec Baseline
Reading Final Reading Delta Specimen-1 14.4 26.0 11.6 Specimen-2
15.2 16.0 0.8 Specimen-3 14.7 28.6 13.9 Mean: 14.8 23.5 8.8 Std
Dev: 0.4 6.7 7.0
TABLE-US-00002 Mannequin RFID Testing Material(s) FITPULTRASM Date:
Mar. 28, 2017 Test Conditions: 22.degree. C./33% RH Volume
Delivered: 250 mL Sample N/A Notes: N/A Conditioning: Position
Supine 114 mm from Point of Insult Flow Rate 15 mL/sec Baseline
Reading Final Reading Delta Specimen-1 15.4 16.2 0.8 Specimen-2
14.0 14.4 0.4 Specimen-3 15.4 27.6 12.2 Mean: 14.9 19.4 4.5 Std
Dev: 0.8 7.2 6.7
TABLE-US-00003 Mannequin RFID Testing Material(s) FITULTRASM Date:
Mar. 28, 2017 Test Conditions: 22.degree. C./33% RH Volume
Delivered: 250 mL Sample N/A Notes: N/A Conditioning: Position
Supine 152 mm from Point of Insult Flow Rate 15 mL/sec Baseline
Reading Final Reading Delta Specimen-1 15.3 20.1 4.8 Specimen-2
14.4 14.4 0.0 Specimen-3 15.4 15.4 0.0 Mean: 15.0 16.6 1.6 Std Dev:
0.6 3.0 2.8
TABLE-US-00004 Mannequin RFID Testing Material(s) FITPLUSXLG Date:
Mar. 28, 2017 Test Conditions: 22.degree. C./33% RH Volume
Delivered: 250 mL Sample N/A Notes: N/A Conditioning: Position
Supine 100 mm from Point of Insult Flow Rate 15 mL/sec Baseline
Reading Final Reading Delta Specimen-1 14.9 23.3 8.4 Specimen-2
14.6 20.8 6.2 Specimen-3 15.8 23.7 7.9 Mean: 15.1 22.6 7.5 Std Dev:
0.6 1.6 1.2
TABLE-US-00005 Mannequin RFID Testing Material(s) FITPLUSXLG Date:
Mar. 6, 2017 Test Conditions: 22.degree. C./40% RH Volume
Delivered: 250 mL Sample N/A Notes: N/A Conditioning: Position
Supine 152 mm from Point of Insult Flow Rate 15 mL/sec Baseline
Reading Final Reading Delta Specimen-1 15.6 16.0 0.4 Specimen-2
15.4 17.3 1.9 Specimen-3 15.6 26.0 10.4 Mean: 15.5 19.8 4.2 Std
Dev: 0.1 5.4 5.4
TABLE-US-00006 Mannequin RFID Testing Material(s) FITPLUSXLG Date:
Mar. 6, 2017 Test Conditions: 22.degree. C./40% RH Volume
Delivered: 250 mL Sample N/A Notes: N/A Conditioning: Position
Supine 200 mm from Point of Insult Flow Rate 15 mL/sec Baseline
Reading Final Reading Delta Specimen-1 14.3 17.9 3.6 Specimen-2
12.7 15.4 2.7 Specimen-3 13.0 18.0 5.0 Mean: 13.3 17.1 3.8 Std Dev:
0.9 1.5 1.2
[0072] In certain embodiments, an RFID tag may be incorporated into
the structure of the absorbent article. Alternatively, the RFID tag
may comprise a reusable strip or patch that is attached to an outer
surface of the absorbent article. As shown in FIG. 1, the absorbent
article chassis 102 may define an attachment area 162 that includes
mechanisms for attaching the sensor tag to the absorbent article.
Such mechanisms may include hook-and-loop materials, including, for
example, a loop material positioned on the absorbent article, with
a hook element attached to a backside of the tag. Alternatively,
the absorbent article may incorporate a plastic film covering the
attachment area 162, and the tag may comprise an adhesive capable
of attaching to the film. Other mechanical or adhesive may be
used.
[0073] Embodiments of the tag may be used a minimum of two times
and may be used many more times. The tag may be constructed so that
it can be cleaned after every use with a cleaning agent designed to
kill bacteria and neutralize other contagions or harmful
substances. The tag may be made of materials that are significantly
more robust than the materials used in the absorbent article that
is intended for a single use.
[0074] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an absorbent article 400 in
a second configuration. Absorbent article 400 can be similar to and
include similar components as absorbent article 100. By way of
example, absorbent article 400 includes securement portion 404,
406, 408, and 410, which can be similar to securement portions 104,
106, 108, and 110, respectively. The second configuration shows the
chassis 402 in a position as it would be when placed on the wearer
although the securement portions, 404, 406, 408 and 410 remain in
an un-contracted, unwrapped state. Securement portion 404 includes
an edge 465, securement portion 406 includes an edge 467,
securement portion 408 includes an edge 466, and securement portion
410 includes an edge 469. The chassis 400 may comprise a first set
of indicia 480 indicating where the tag should be positioned on the
outer cover of the chassis 402. The position of these indicia may
be dependent on the size of the disposable article. In addition,
the position may be dependent on whether the patient is male or
female. For example, indicia 480 may be appropriate for a male
patient. The outer cover may also include a second set of indicia
482 that the caregiver may use if the article is positioned on a
female patient.
[0075] FIG. 6 is a side view of an absorbent article 500 in a third
configuration. Absorbent article 500 can be similar to and include
similar components as absorbent article 100. By way of example,
absorbent article 500 includes securement portion 504 (not shown),
506, 508, and 510 (not shown), which can be similar to securement
portions 104, 106, 108, and 110, respectively. The third
configuration shows the securement portions in a wrapped state, as
they would be wrapped around a wearer. In this embodiment, the
securement portions may be configured such that the second
securement portion 506 overlaps the third securement portion 508,
and the first securement portion 504 overlaps the fourth securement
portion 510. The third and fourth securement portions 508, 510, lay
directly adjacent the wearer's skin, while the first securement
portion 504 and the second securement portion 506, lie partially on
the wearer's skin and partially on the third and fourth securement
portions respectively. Having front securement portions that may
wrap substantially up to an in some embodiments substantially past
a person mid point and around towards and against the wearer's
backside provides a more comfortable fit. As discussed with respect
to FIG. 5, the placement of the RFID tag may depend on the size of
the absorbent article or the sex of the patient. Accordingly,
indicia on the outer cover of the absorbent article 500 may
indicate a first range of placement 580 or a second range of
placement 582 for the tag.
[0076] Embodiments of the tag may include various antenna
configurations. For example, FIG. 7 shows a diagram of an
embodiment of tag antenna. In the embodiment, the antenna is a
dipole antenna where the radiating elements are the metal sheets
extending in two directions and are looped around. FIGS. 8-11
illustrate other possible antenna configurations as would be
understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0077] In addition, the placement of the tag position indicia may
depend on the type, level of absorbency, materials and other
characteristics of the absorbent article. In addition, other
factors may be taking into consideration, including the intended
length of use, or the age, sensitivity, or medical conditions of
the patient. The tag may also be placed such that the tag may also
determine level of wetness in the absorbent article. For example,
the impedance sensed by the tag may have a certain value if the
absorbent article is at 10% of its capacity. The tag may report
this impedance level and the reader may display to the caregiver
that the absorbent article is at 10% capacity. Impedance values may
be similarly mapped up to 100%, with the reader indicating the
value to the caregiver. At 100%, or some level approaching 100%,
the reader may indicate that a change of the absorbent article is
required immediately to avoid leakage.
[0078] Embodiments of the RFID reader may be incorporated into one
or more of various devices. An RFID reader, also known as an
interrogator, may be a stand-alone device or may provide a
connection between the tag data and a networked system. Embodiments
of the reader use an attached antenna to capture data from tags.
The reader may then passes the data to a computer, hand held
device, network or other machine for processing. Embodiments of the
reader can be affixed in a stationary position, integrated into a
mobile device such as a portable, handheld scanner, tablet, mobile
phone or other device. Alternatively, embodiments of the reader may
be incorporated in a wristband, badge or the like worn by a
caregiver or the reader may be affixed to a movable cart or other
equipment used by the caregiver.
[0079] Upon attachment to the diaper, the sensor may also transmit
information indicating that the sensor has been attached to a
diaper and regarding the diaper size or other characteristics to
the reader. The reader itself may display this information or the
information may be displayed on a remote display device. The reader
and/or remote display device may be a software application ("app")
running on a mobile electronic device, such as a mobile phone or
similar. The app may display the size of diaper to which the sensor
has been attached. The app may also compare the size of diaper to
which the sensor has been attached with data entered regarding the
intended size for the patient and thereby verify that the size of
diaper that has been put on the patient is the size of diaper that
should have been used for the patient. The app may include a visual
or audible acknowledgement to indicate the correct diaper size has
been used. In addition, the reader or remote display may indicate
the date and time that the absorbent article was put on the
patient, the date and time that the article was last checked and
whether the absorbent article needs to be changed.
[0080] As illustrated in FIGS. 12-13, in various embodiments,
sensors and RFID tags of the present invention may be used in
conjunction with an absorbent pad 600 comprising multiple layers,
e.g., three or more layers, wherein the first layer 602 is
comprised of a fluid-permeable, porous material, the second layer
604 is disposed under the first layer and is comprised of at least
one super absorbent material, and a base layer 606 disposed under
the second layer.
[0081] In certain embodiments of the invention, the base layer 606
is comprised of a third layer 608 comprised of a hydrophobic,
breathable film, disposed under the second layer and a fourth layer
610, disposed under the third layer, comprised of an air-permeable
material.
[0082] In one embodiment of the invention, the first layer is a
nonwoven material. The nonwoven material of the first layer can be
manufactured using any technique known in the art. Non-limiting
examples of suitable types of nonwoven materials include staple
nonwoven materials, melt-blown nonwoven materials, spunmelt
nonwoven materials, spunbond nonwoven materials, SMS (spunbond
meltblown spunbond) materials, spun lace materials, needle-felted
materials, thermal-bonded nonwoven materials, trough-air-bonded
nonwoven material, spunlaid nonwoven material, air-laid nonwoven
materials or the like, or any combinations thereof.
[0083] In certain embodiments of the invention the first layer 602
is hydrophilic. For example, the first layer can be treated in
order make it fluid permeable. Such treatments can include any
treatment known in the art, which renders a material fluid
permeable.
[0084] In another embodiment of the invention, the first layer is
permeable to fluids such that the fluids can pass through the
surface of the first layer toward the second layer (disposed
beneath the first layer), but the fluids cannot substantially
reverse direction and move back toward the surface of the first
layer. In other words, in various embodiments the flow of fluids
through the first layer is substantially unidirectional from the
top surface of the first layer toward the second layer disposed
beneath the first layer.
[0085] The first layer can comprise any suitable material known in
the art. For example, the first layer can comprise a polymeric
material. Non limiting examples of such polymeric materials include
polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide,
viscose rayon, nylon, or the like or any combinations thereof.
Furthermore, the polymeric material can be a biodegradable
polymeric material.
[0086] The second layer 604 of the absorbent pad of the present
invention is disposed beneath the first layer 602. For example, the
second layer can be located directly beneath the first layer and in
direct contact with the first layer, or adhered to the first layer
by means of one or more intervening layers, for example an adhesive
layer and/or a spacer layer.
[0087] In certain embodiments the second layer is comprised of a
formed material. The formed material of the second layer can be
manufactured using any technique known in the art. Non-limiting
examples of suitable types of formed materials include staple
nonwoven materials, melt-blown nonwoven materials, spun-melt
nonwoven materials, spun-bound nonwoven materials, thermal-bonded
nonwoven materials, trough-air-bonded nonwoven materials, spun-laid
nonwoven materials, air-laid nonwoven materials, or any
combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment the second layer
is comprised of an air-laid fiber. In one embodiment the air-laid
fiber is thermobonded. In a particular embodiment the air-laid
material is air laid paper.
[0088] The second layer can comprise fibers, for example natural
fibers. The natural fibers can be any suitable natural fibers known
in the art. In one embodiment the natural fiber is cellulose. The
cellulose can be from any suitable source known in the art.
Non-limiting examples of suitable sources of cellulose are wood
fibers, plant fibers, field crop fibers, fluff pulp fibers, cotton,
any other material, man-made or natural, designed to absorb fluid,
or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment the second
layer comprises wood fibers. In another embodiment, the second
layer comprises macerated wood pulp. The second layer of the pad
can further comprise an absorbent polymer, for example any
super-absorbent polymer known in the art. In a particular
embodiment, the second layer is a thermobonded, absorbent airlaid
core made from cellulose fibers and super-absorbent polymers.
[0089] The second layer absorbs substantially all of the fluids
penetrating through from the first layer, and has a fluid-holding
capacity sufficient to retain fluids without releasing the fluid
through the first layer or through the third and fourth layers. In
a particular embodiment of the present invention, the second layer
can be comprised of more than one fluid absorbing layer (also known
as "core" layers). For example, the second layer can comprise two
(or more) layers, each comprising the same or different absorbent
polymer.
[0090] In certain embodiments of the invention, the base layer 606
is comprised of a third and fourth layer, wherein the third layer
is disposed under the second layer and the fourth layer disposed
under the third layer.
[0091] The base layer 606 (or in certain embodiments, the third
layer 608) prevents the fluid absorbed in the second layer to
penetrate through the base layer of the absorbent pad (or in some
embodiments, the fourth layer 610). The base layer can comprise any
natural or man-made material capable of preventing the flow of
fluids out of the second layer and through the bottom of the
absorbent pad. In certain embodiments wherein the base layer 606
comprises a third 608 and fourth 610 layer, the third layer
comprises a polymeric film, for example a hydrophobic polymeric
film. The polymeric film of the third layer can be any suitable
polymer known in the art, for example suitable hydrophobic
polymers.
[0092] The base layer should also provide for air circulation
within the absorbent pad to prevent heat and moisture vapor build
up. Accordingly, in particular embodiments, the base layer is air
permeable. Air permeability can be provided in various ways, for
example by forming a base layer comprising a third and fourth,
wherein the third layer comprises a woven or nonwoven hydrophobic
material which prevents the movement of bulk fluid, but allows
diffusion or movement of air through the third layer. Although the
base layer does not permit any appreciable amount of liquid to flow
through, in many instances it can be advantageous to allow moisture
vapor to permeate through the base layer.
[0093] In an embodiment of the invention, the fourth layer 610 is a
non-woven material. The non-woven material of the fourth layer can
be manufactured using any technique known in the art. In certain
embodiments of the invention the fourth layer is hydrophobic. The
fourth layer can be made of any suitable material known in the
art.
[0094] As illustrated in FIG. 13, one or more sensors and/or RFID
tags may be placed on or in the absorbent pad 600. These sensors
may be placed at different positions within the pad to convey
information to the caregiver. For example, a sensor 612 may be
placed generally in the center of the pad between the first and
second layers. The sensor may include a wetness sensor as described
above. In this manner, the caregiver can be alerted if the
absorbent pad is subject to any fluid insult. Alternatively, the
sensor may be placed below the second layer 604 and above the third
layer 608 such that information on wetness is conveyed to the
caregiver after the fluid has absorbed through the second layer.
The sensor 612 may also be placed in a location that is not the
center of the pad but is the location most likely to first be
exposed to fluid.
[0095] Additional sensors 614 may be placed a farther distance from
the center of the absorbent article to provide information to the
caregiver regarding the spread of fluid within the pad 600.
Alternative or additional sensors 616 may be placed adjacent to an
edge of the pad to provide the caregiver with information
indicating that fluid has or will soon reached an edge of the
pad.
[0096] The various sensors 612, 614, 616 incorporated in the pad
600 may be RFID tags as described above to identify wetness or
moisture in the pad. Alternatively or in conjunction with the
wetness sensor, the sensors may incorporate sensors that provide
information regarding temperature and/or pressure within the pad.
These additional sensors may be used in conjunction with an RFID
tag or other device for communicating the information sensed by the
sensors.
[0097] In further embodiments, a pad 600 of the present invention
may be integrated with a sheet with fitted corners, sized to fit an
operating room table, stretcher, bed or other patient support
structure. The sheet may comprise a resilient material such as an
elastic cord, string or tape that is connected to an edge of the
flexible sheet material in such a way that it gathers the flexible
material into a fitted end or corner that would allow the user to
tuck the corners of the sheet around a mattress pad or other
support structure in order to secure the sheet and pad against
movement relative to the support surface.
[0098] In a further embodiment of the invention, the pad extends
across substantially the entire area of the sheet, the pad
providing the flexible material for forming the fitted corners. In
an alternative embodiment, the sheet may be formed by extending the
first layer or topsheet, described above and shown in FIG. 12,
beyond the perimeter of the other layers of the pad such that the
extended portion of the topsheet provides the flexible material
that is used to form the fitted corners. In another embodiment, the
sheet may be formed by extending the fourth layer or backsheet,
described above and shown in FIG. 12, beyond the perimeter of the
other layers of the pad such that the extended portion of the
backsheet provides the flexible material that is used to form the
fitted corners. In a further embodiment, the pad may be joined to a
section of additional material that surrounds one or more edge of
the pad in order to provide the flexible material used to form the
fitted corners. This additional material may be any appropriate
flexible material and may be fluid-permeable or
non-fluid-permeable. In yet another embodiment, the sheet may be
formed by providing a flexible sheet having fitted corners and
securing a pad, as described herein, to an upper or lower surface
of the flexible sheet. The pad may be secured to the sheet by
adhesive, thermal or ultrasonic bonding, mechanical engagement or
by any other appropriate means to connect the pad with the sheet as
would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0099] In an embodiment of the invention, the pad may be sized such
that it covers substantially the entire upper surface of the
patient support structure. In other embodiments, the pad may be
smaller in area than the upper surface of the support structure. In
certain embodiments, the pad may be located within the sheet such
that the pad is positioned on an area of the support structure more
likely to be wetted with fluids.
[0100] In further embodiments of the invention, sensors and/or RFID
tags may be used in conjunction with a mattress. FIG. 14 shows a
mattress 702 and hospital style bed frame 704. The mattress 702
includes a mattress cover 706 and an internal mattress structure.
The internal mattress structure may include a padded topper portion
708 and a lower structural support portion 710. An RFID tag or one
or more sensors may be incorporated into the mattress 702. In an
embodiment, a first sensor 712 is positioned in a generally central
portion of the mattress in a position most likely to experience a
fluid insult. The sensor may be positioned immediately below the
cover 706 and above the padded portion 708. Alternatively, the
sensor 712, or an additional sensor, may be positioned below the
padded portion but above the structural portion 710 of the
mattress. A sensor placed just below the cover may provide the
caregiver or mattress supplier with information when fluid
penetrates the mattress cover. A sensor positioned below the padded
portion 708 may provide the caregiver or mattress supplier with
information when fluid penetrates more deeply into the
mattress.
[0101] Additional sensors 714 may be placed a farther distance from
the center of the mattress to provide information to the caregiver
regarding the spread of fluid within the mattress 702. Alternative
or additional sensors 716 may be placed adjacent to an edge of the
mattress to provide the caregiver with information indicating that
fluid has or will soon reached an edge of the mattress. An array of
tags may be used to ensure the high priority sites of the mattress
are monitored.
[0102] The various sensors 712, 714, 716 incorporated in the
mattress 702 may be RFID tags as described above to identify
wetness or moisture in the pad. Alternatively or in conjunction
with the wetness sensor, the sensors may incorporate sensors that
provide information regarding temperature and/or pressure within
the pad. These additional sensors may be used in conjunction with
an RFID tag or other device for communicating the information
sensed by the sensors. For example, the sensors may incorporate one
or more RFID tags that are regularly scanned by a caregiver with a
hand held, bed mounted or built in to the mattress reader.
[0103] In embodiments of the mattress, the sensors may be connected
wirelessly or by wires 718 to an electronics module 720 attached to
the bed frame 704. The electronics module may act as a data logger
to interrogate the tag(s)/sensors on a regular basis to determine
if moisture has leak through to the foam. Once moisture has been
detected, an alert light or some sort of visual indicator is turned
on. In alternative embodiments, the electronics module may be a
built-in module (not shown) incorporated into the mattress
itself.
[0104] The use of RFID tags or other wireless sensors in the
mattress may provide an advantage relating to the ease of assembly
of the mattress and lack of introduction of new pressure points in
the mattress by the wires. Alternatively, the use of wired sensors
and an external electronics module allows the module/sensors to be
powered by a wired connection 722 to an external power supply.
[0105] FIGS. 15-17 illustrate further embodiments. A wound dressing
200 may comprise a wound contact layer 202, and absorbent core 204,
and a cover layer 208. The wound contact layer 202 may be
positioned over a patient's wound such that wound exudate is
transferred through the wound contact layer to an absorbent core
204. The wound contact layer may be formed of silicone or another
appropriate material such as a polymer film. In further
embodiments, the wound contact layer may comprise a laminate of
silicone backed by a polymer film. For example, a polyurethane film
may be used. The silicone and film laminate may be perforated to
allow passage of exudate from the wound to the absorbent core 204.
The cover layer may extend beyond and enclose the absorbent core
204 and seal against the wound contact layer 202 in a frame area
210 that surrounds the absorbent core. The cover layer 208 may be
formed of polyurethane or another appropriate material. Preferably,
the cover layer is vapor permeable but liquid impermeable. In this
manner, exudate may be contained by the dressing but allowed to
evaporate through the cover layer.
[0106] The silicone may be a silicone adhesive that serves to
adhere the dressing to the patient's skin. The wound contact layer
may have an adhesive, such as an acrylic adhesive, positioned on
the back side of the layer to adhere the wound contact layer to the
remainder of the dressing. Alternatively, the wound contact layer
202 may be adhered only to the cover layer 208 in the frame area
210. A separation layer 206 may be positioned between the wound
contact layer 202 and the absorbent core 204. The separation layer
may be formed by a polymer film or mesh, a woven material, such as
a textile fabric, or a paper material, such as tissue paper. The
separation layer may serve to isolate the wound contact layer from
the absorbent core such that exudate can pass from the wound
contact layer to the absorbent core, but contaminants and
particulates cannot pass in the other direction.
[0107] The absorbent core 204 may comprise lower 212 and upper 214
layers. In various embodiments, the first layer may comprise a
superabsorbent substance. Superabsorbent substances may comprise
materials being able to absorb and retain large volumes of water in
aqueous solutions. Superabsorbent substances falling into this
category are for example modified starch, polymerized polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), which are all
hydrophilic and have a high affinity to water. In a particular
embodiment of the present invention, the superabsorbent substance
is a superabsorbent polymer (SAP), in particular in the form of
(granular) particles or fibers. In an embodiment, such a SAP is
made from polymerization of acrylic acids blended with sodium
hydroxide in the presence of an initiated form poly-acrylic acid
sodium salt (sometimes referred to a sodium poly-acrylate).
[0108] In a further embodiment, first layer 212 containing SAP
comprises a carrier layer, wherein the superabsorbent polymer is
dispersed in the carrier layer. In an embodiment, the carrier layer
in particular may comprise, for example, tissue paper, a spunlaced
polymer, a non-woven fabric, fluff/cellulose, regenerated cellulose
as rayon, foam based on different chemistry as polyurethane,
alginate, hydrocolloid, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and its
derivate or cotton.
[0109] In an embodiment, lower layer of the absorbent core may
comprise a laminate structure. The SAP is dispersed on a lower
laminate layer, then an upper laminate layer is put on top and the
two laminate layers are consolidated providing a matrix carrying
the SAP between the two layers. In further embodiments, the lower
layer 212 comprises a carrier layer made of a spunlaced polymer as
a non-woven fabric and a granular or fibrous SAP. The SAP is
dispersed on a first sheet or layer of the spunlaced nonwoven. A
second sheet or layer of the spunlaced nonwoven is put on top of
the first sheet, such that the SAP is located between the two
sheets or layers. The SAP may be integrated in both layers by
applying pressure to this sandwich structure provided. By applying
pressure, the two layers of spunlaced polymer are consolidated and
the SAP to some extent fills up voids in the spunlaced material. In
a further embodiment, the lower absorbent core layer 212 may
comprise a polyurethane film or other absorbent material with a
layer of SAP paper laminated or otherwise attached to an upper
surface of the absorbent material. In still further embodiments,
the lower layer may comprise a fibrous or fluff material with SAP
granules dispersed throughout the material. The SAP granules may be
dispersed evenly or may be more concentrated in certain portions,
such as in the center of the dressing or in a lower portion of the
lower layer.
[0110] The upper layer 214 of the absorbent core 202 may comprise
an absorbent material in contact with the cover layer 208 that
allows fluid absorbed by the dressing to evaporate through the
vapor permeable cover layer. The upper layer 214 may comprise, for
example, tissue paper, a spunlaced polymer, a non-woven fabric,
fluff/cellulose, regenerated cellulose as rayon, foam based on
different chemistry as polyurethane, alginate, hydrocolloid,
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and its derivate or cotton.
[0111] An RFID tag or one or more sensors may be incorporated into
the wound dressing 200. In embodiments, a first sensor 216 may be
positioned immediately below the cover layer 208 and above the
upper absorbent core layer 214. Alternatively, the sensor 216, or
an additional sensor 216a, may be positioned between the upper 214
and lower 212 layers of the absorbent core 204. The sensor 216 may
be placed on an upper surface of the lower layer 212 and a portion
218 of the upper layer 214 may extend over a top surface of the
sensor.
[0112] As illustrated in FIG. 17, a first sensor 216a may be
positioned in a generally central portion of the wound dressing in
a position most likely to first encounter wound exudate. The sensor
216a or an additional sensor 216b may be placed adjacent an edge of
the absorbent core 204. In this manner, if one sensor 216a
positioned generally in the center of the dressing is used, the
sensor 216a senses the exudate when it is initial present in the
dressing, and the caregiver receives information indicating that an
initial exudate is present in the dressing. If one sensor 216b is
used positioned at adjacent an edge of the dressing, as an edge of
the area wetted by exudate 220 reaches the sensor 216b, information
can be communicated to the caregiver that wound dressing is
reaching its absorbent capacity. Alternatively, if more than one
sensor is used, as the first sensor 216a is wetted, the caregiver
receives information indicating that exudate is present in the
dressing, and as the an edge of the area wetted by exudate 220
reaches the sensor 216b, information can be communicated to the
caregiver that wound dressing is reaching its absorbent
capacity.
[0113] The sensor 216 incorporated in the wound dressing 200 may be
an RFID tag as described above to identify wetness or moisture in
the dressing. Alternatively or in conjunction with the wetness
sensor, the sensors may incorporate sensors that provide
information regarding temperature and/or pressure within the pad.
These additional sensors may be used in conjunction with an RFID
tag or other device for communicating the information sensed by the
sensors. For example, the sensors may incorporate one or more RFID
tags that are regularly scanned by a caregiver with a hand held
reader. Alternatively, a reader may be built into a bed or other
structure used to support the patient.
[0114] In larger wound dressings, such as the sacral wound dressing
230 shown in FIG. 18, multiple sensors 216a-d may be used. The
sensors may be distributed at various locations throughout the
absorbent core 204. For example, as illustrated, a sensor 216d may
be positioned generally in the center of the dressing or in a
position within the dressing that is likely to be the first
position to be wetted by exudate. Additional sensors 216a-c may be
positioned at various spaced apart locations adjacent to an edge
205 of the absorbent core 204. In this manner a caregiver may
receive information indicating the initial wetting of the dressing
and and/or information that the area wetted by the exudate has or
will soon reached an edge of the absorbent core.
[0115] In further embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in
FIG. 19, a heel protection device is provided. The device serves to
protect a patient's heels against the formation of pressure ulcers.
Embodiments of the heel protectors comprise a generally boot shaped
portion 802. The boot may include a lower portion 804 positioned
below the sole of the patient's foot, side portions 806 that extend
along the side of the foot and up over the ankle and lower leg, and
a rear portion 808 that extents along the heel, ankle and lower
portion of the leg. This rear portion 808 supports and cushions the
heel from contact with the bed. One or more straps 812 secure the
heel protector to the patient's foot.
[0116] In embodiments, a sensor 816 may be positioned on an inside
surface 810 of the rear support portion 808. The sensor may be
positioned adjacent or immediately below the patient's heel. The
sensor 816 incorporated in the heel protector may be an RFID tag as
described above to identify wetness or moisture in the dressing.
Alternatively or in conjunction with the wetness sensor, the
sensors may incorporate sensors that provide information regarding
temperature and/or pressure within the protector. These additional
sensors may be used in conjunction with an RFID tag or other device
for communicating the information sensed by the sensors. For
example, the sensors may incorporate one or more RFID tags that are
regularly scanned by a caregiver with a hand held mattress reader.
Alternatively, a reader may be built into a bed or other structure
used to support the patient.
[0117] In further embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in
FIG. 20, sleeve or other compression garment may be provided for
the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The device serves to
provide compression for the treatment of DVT and may encircle a
patient's limb. In particular, DVT garments may be used to apply
treatment to a patient's foot, calf, thigh or entire leg.
Embodiments of the compression garment 900 comprise a sleeve
portion 902. The sleeve surrounds at least a portion of a patient's
leg. One or more fasteners or straps 912 secure the sleeve. One or
more bladders within the sleeve are pressurized to provide
compression. The sleeve may comprise a structural outer portion and
an inner liner of softer material that contacts the patient's skin.
One or both of the inner liner and structural portion may comprise
a breathable material.
[0118] In embodiments, a sensor 916 may be positioned on an inside
surface of the sleeve 902. The sensor may be positioned on an
inside surface of the inner liner or between the liner and the
structural portion of the sleeve. The sensor 916 may be an RFID tag
as described above to identify wetness or moisture in the dressing.
Alternatively or in conjunction with the wetness sensor, the
sensors may incorporate sensors that provide information regarding
temperature and/or pressure within the protector. These additional
sensors may be used in conjunction with an RFID tag or other device
for communicating the information sensed by the sensors. For
example, the sensors may incorporate one or more RFID tags that are
regularly scanned by a caregiver with a hand held mattress reader.
Alternatively, a reader may be built into a bed or other structure
used to support the patient.
[0119] Embodiments of the invention include, an absorbent structure
comprising: a liquid permeable layer; a liquid impermeable layer;
an absorbent layer positioned between the liquid permeable layer
and the liquid impermeable layer; a first sensor positioned between
the liquid permeable layer and the liquid impermeable layer; and a
second sensor positioned between the liquid permeable layer and the
liquid impermeable layer; wherein the second sensor is separated
from the first sensor by a first distance, and wherein the second
sensor is positioned closer to a periphery of the absorbent
structure than the first sensor.
[0120] Further embodiments may include an absorbent structure
wherein the liquid impermeable layer is breathable or wherein the
absorbent layer comprises a superabsorbent substance, which may be
a superabsorbent polymer.
[0121] In further embodiments, the first sensor may be positioned
between the liquid permeable layer and the absorbent layer, between
the absorbent layer and the liquid impermeable layer or within the
absorbent layer. Additionally, the second sensor likewise be
positioned between the liquid permeable layer and the absorbent
layer or between the absorbent layer and the liquid impermeable
layer. In particular embodiments, the first sensor is positioned
between the liquid permeable layer and the absorbent layer while
the second sensor is positioned between the absorbent layer and the
liquid impermeable layer.
[0122] The absorbent structure may comprise any number of absorbent
structures for use absorbing liquids emitted by patients, including
incontinence articles, wound dressings, mattresses, absorbent pads
for placing below a patient, such as on a mattress, hygienic pads,
including feminine hygienic pads, as well as other absorbent
structures for use in providing care for patients.
[0123] The absorbent structure may also comprise an RFID tag, and
the sensors may comprise an RFID moisture sensor. Embodiments of
the RFID moisture sensor may comprise a tail, an antenna coupled to
the tail, a processing module, and a wireless communication module.
The coupled tail may have an impedance that varies with an
environmental condition in which the antenna and the tail are
placed. The environmental condition may be temperature, humidity,
wetness, or proximity of an RFID reader to the RFID sensor.
[0124] In further embodiments of the absorbent structure, the
absorbent structure may be as described above with the first sensor
positioned within the absorbent structure first area and with the
second sensor separated from the first sensor by a first distance,
wherein the second sensor is positioned outside the absorbent
structure first area. In such embodiments, the second sensor may be
positioned closer to a periphery of the absorbent structure than
the first sensor.
[0125] While the present invention has been described with
reference to one or more particular embodiments, those skilled in
the art will recognize that many changes may be made thereto
without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
invention. Furthermore, components from one embodiment can be used
in other non-exclusive embodiments. Each of these embodiments and
obvious variations thereof is contemplated as falling within the
spirit and scope of the invention.
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