U.S. patent application number 17/478354 was filed with the patent office on 2022-01-13 for precoding diversity in time domain.
The applicant listed for this patent is Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ). Invention is credited to Yufei Blankenship, Shiwei Gao, Robert M. Harrison.
Application Number | 20220014240 17/478354 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005869251 |
Filed Date | 2022-01-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20220014240 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Blankenship; Yufei ; et
al. |
January 13, 2022 |
PRECODING DIVERSITY IN TIME DOMAIN
Abstract
Systems and methods for enabling precoding diversity in the time
domain are provided. In some embodiments, a User Equipment (UE)
includes circuitry including a processing module and a memory
module configured to receive an indication that a physical channel
is repeated over a set of subframes and receive an indication that
the UE can assume that a first subset of the repetitions of the
physical channel and a reference signal will use a first precoder.
In this way, in some embodiments, the UE can coherently combine the
repetitions, including the reference signals used by the physical
channel. The ability to coherently combine repetitions of the
physical channel may improve both the estimates of the physical
channel as well as channel estimates derived from the repeated
reference signals.
Inventors: |
Blankenship; Yufei;
(Kildeer, IL) ; Gao; Shiwei; (Nepean, CA) ;
Harrison; Robert M.; (Grapevine, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) |
Stockholm |
|
SE |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005869251 |
Appl. No.: |
17/478354 |
Filed: |
September 17, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15223453 |
Jul 29, 2016 |
11190241 |
|
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17478354 |
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62201718 |
Aug 6, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 5/0012 20130101;
H04L 5/0048 20130101; H04L 25/0224 20130101; H04W 4/70 20180201;
H04L 25/03891 20130101; H04L 25/03343 20130101; H04L 5/0094
20130101; H04L 1/08 20130101; H04L 1/00 20130101; H04B 7/0456
20130101; H04L 5/0023 20130101; H04B 1/713 20130101; H04B 7/0413
20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04B 7/0456 20060101
H04B007/0456; H04L 1/08 20060101 H04L001/08; H04L 5/00 20060101
H04L005/00; H04L 25/03 20060101 H04L025/03; H04W 4/70 20060101
H04W004/70; H04L 1/00 20060101 H04L001/00; H04B 1/713 20060101
H04B001/713; H04L 25/02 20060101 H04L025/02 |
Claims
1. A User Equipment, UE, comprising: circuitry comprising a
processing module and a memory module configured to: receive an
indication that a physical channel is repeated over a set of
subframes; and receive an indication that the UE can assume that a
first subset of the repetitions of the physical channel and a
reference signal will use a first precoder.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 15/223,453, filed Jul. 29, 2016, which claims
the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/201,718,
filed Aug. 6, 2015, the disclosures of which are hereby
incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to wireless
communications, and more particularly to precoding diversity in the
time domain.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term
Evolution (LTE) technology is a mobile broadband wireless
communication technology in which transmissions from base stations
(referred to as evolved NodeBs (eNBs)) to mobile stations (referred
to as user equipment (UE)) are sent with a physical layer
comprising two basic elements: physical signals and physical
channels, as defined in 3GPP TS 36.211 v12.0.0. A physical channel
corresponds to a set of resource elements (defined hereafter)
carrying information originating from higher layers, while a
physical signal is used by the physical layer but does not carry
information originating from higher layers. Examples of downlink
LTE physical channels include: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
(PDSCH), Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Physical Multicast
Channel (PMCH), Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH),
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical
Hybrid-Automatic Repeat Request Indicator Channel (PHICH), Enhanced
Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH), and Machine Type
Communication Physical Downlink Control Channel (MPDCCH). Examples
of LTE downlink physical signals include reference signals,
synchronization signals, and discovery signals. These downlink
physical channels and physical signals are transmitted to UEs using
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). FIG. 1
illustrates an LTE wireless communication network with a network
node (eNB 10) transmitting to multiple UEs (12-1 through 12-2),
according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0004] OFDM splits the signal into multiple parallel sub-carriers
in frequency. The basic unit of transmission in LTE is a Physical
Resource Block (PRB, alternatively called a Resource Block (RB) in
the following), which in its most common configuration consists of
12 subcarriers and 7 OFDM symbols (one slot). A unit of one
subcarrier and 1 OFDM symbol is referred to as a Resource Element
(RE), as is shown in FIG. 2. Thus, an RB includes 84 REs. An LTE
radio subframe is composed of multiple RBs in frequency with the
number of RBs determining the bandwidth of the system and two slots
in time as is shown in FIG. 3. Furthermore, the two RBs in a
subframe that are adjacent in time are denoted as an RB pair.
[0005] In the time domain, LTE downlink transmissions are organized
into radio frames of 10 ms, each radio frame consisting of ten
equally-sized subframes of length T.sub.subframe=1 ms. The signal
transmitted by the eNB 10 in a downlink (the link carrying
transmissions from the eNB 10 to the UE 12) subframe may be
transmitted from multiple antennas, and the signal may be received
at a UE 12 that has multiple antennas. The radio channel distorts
the transmitted signals from the multiple antenna ports. In order
to demodulate any transmissions on the downlink, the UE 12 relies
on Reference Symbols (RSs) that are transmitted on the downlink.
These RSs and their position in the time-frequency grid are known
to the UE 12 and hence can be used to determine channel estimates
by measuring the effect of the radio channel on these symbols.
[0006] Multi-antenna techniques can significantly increase the data
rates and reliability of a wireless communication system. The
performance is particularly improved if both the transmitter and
the receiver are equipped with multiple antennas, which results in
a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication channel. Such
systems and/or related techniques are commonly referred to as
MIMO.
[0007] A core component in LTE is the support of MIMO antenna
deployments and MIMO related techniques. Currently, LTE-Advanced
supports an eight-layer spatial multiplexing mode for eight Tx
antennas with channel dependent precoding. The spatial multiplexing
mode aims for higher data rates in favorable channel conditions. An
illustration of the spatial multiplexing operation is provided in
FIG. 4, which shows the transmission structure of a precoded
spatial multiplexing mode in LTE.
[0008] As illustrated in FIG. 4, the information carrying symbol
vector s is multiplied by an N.sub.T.times.r precoder matrix W,
which serves to distribute the transmit energy in a subspace of the
N.sub.T (corresponding to N.sub.T antenna ports) dimensional vector
space. The precoder matrix is typically selected from a codebook of
possible precoder matrices, and typically indicated by means of a
Precoder Matrix Indicator (PMI), which specifies a unique precoder
matrix in the codebook for a given number of symbol streams. The r
symbols in s each correspond to a layer, and r is referred to as
the transmission rank. In this way, spatial multiplexing is
achieved since multiple symbols can be transmitted simultaneously
over the same Time/Frequency Resource Element (TFRE). The number of
symbols r is typically adapted to suit the current channel
properties. The received N.sub.R.times.1 vector y.sub.n for a
certain TFRE on subcarrier n (or alternatively data TFRE number n)
is thus modeled by:
y.sub.n=H.sub.nWs.sub.n+e.sub.n
where e.sub.n is a noise/interference vector obtained as
realizations of a random process.
[0009] The precoder W can be a wideband precoder, which is constant
over frequency, or frequency selective. Note that when the
transmission rank is one, the precoder W is an N.sub.T.times.1
vector.
[0010] The precoder matrix is often chosen to match the
characteristics of the N.sub.R.times.N.sub.T MIMO channel matrix H,
resulting in so-called channel dependent precoding. This is also
commonly referred to as closed-loop precoding and essentially
strives for focusing the transmit energy into a subspace which is
strong in the sense of conveying much of the transmitted energy to
the UE 12. In addition, the precoder matrix may also be selected to
strive for orthogonalizing the channel, meaning that after proper
linear equalization at the UE 12, the inter-layer interference is
reduced.
[0011] The transmission rank, and thus the number of spatially
multiplexed layers, is reflected in the number of columns of the
precoder. For efficient performance, it is important that a
transmission rank that matches the channel properties is
selected.
[0012] Machine-Type Communication (MTC) is an important revenue
stream for operators and has huge potential from the operator
perspective. It is efficient for operators to be able to serve MTC
UEs using already deployed radio access technology. Therefore, 3GPP
LTE has been investigated as a competitive radio access technology
for efficient support of MTC. Lowering the cost of MTC UEs 12 is an
important enabler for implementation of the concept of "internet of
things". MTC UEs 12 used for many applications will require low
operational power consumption and are expected to communicate with
infrequent small burst transmissions. In addition, there is a
substantial market for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) use cases of
devices deployed deep inside buildings which would require coverage
enhancement in comparison to the defined LTE cell coverage
footprint.
[0013] 3GPP LTE Rel-12 has defined UE power saving mode allowing
long battery lifetime and a new UE category allowing reduced modem
complexity. In 3GPP LTE Rel-13, further MTC work is expected to
further reduce UE cost and provide coverage enhancement. The key
element to enable cost reduction is to introduce reduced UE RF
bandwidth of 1.4 MHz in downlink and uplink within any system
bandwidth. This bandwidth corresponds to 6 RB.
[0014] Messages transmitted over the radio link to users can be
broadly classified as control messages or data messages. Control
messages are used to facilitate the proper operation of the system
as well as proper operation of each UE 12 within the system.
Control messages could include commands to control functions such
as the transmitted power from a UE 12, signaling of RBs within
which the data is to be received by the UE 12 or transmitted from
the UE 12, and so on.
[0015] In 3GPP LTE Rel-8, the first one to four OFDM symbols,
depending on the configuration, in a subframe are reserved to
contain such control information as is shown in FIG. 3. For normal
(non-MTC) UEs 12 of Rel-11 or later, the UE 12 can be configured to
monitor an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) in
addition to the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH).
[0016] EPDCCH was thus introduced in Rel-11, in which 2, 4 or 8
Physical Resource Block (PRB) pairs in the data region are reserved
to exclusively contain EPDCCH transmissions, although they exclude
from the PRB pair the one to four first symbols that may contain
control information transmitted to UEs 12 from releases earlier
than Rel-11, as is shown in FIG. 5 which illustrates a subframe
showing 10 RB pairs and configuration of three EPDCCH regions
(bottom, middle, and top) of size 1 PRB pair each (the figure is
for concept illustration only, as the current LTE specifications
for EPDCCH do not support an EPDCCH region of size 1 PRB pair). The
remaining PRB pairs can be used for Physical Downlink Shared
Channel (PDSCH) transmissions.
[0017] Hence, the EPDCCH is frequency multiplexed with PDSCH
transmissions, contrary to PDCCH, which is time multiplexed with
PDSCH transmissions. Note also that multiplexing of PDSCH and any
EPDCCH transmission within a PRB pair is not supported in LTE
Rel-11.
[0018] Furthermore, two modes of EPDCCH transmission are supported,
the localized and the distributed EPDCCH transmission.
[0019] To facilitate the mapping of Enhanced Control Channel
Elements (ECCEs) to physical resources, each PRB pair is divided
into sixteen Enhanced Resource Element Groups (EREGs), and each
ECCE is further divided into N.sub.EREG.sup.ECCE=4 or
N.sub.EREG.sup.ECCE=8 EREGs. For normal Cyclic Prefix (CP) and
normal subframes, N.sub.EREG.sup.ECCE=4 unless some conditions are
met as described in TS 36.213. For extended CP and in some special
subframes for Frame structure 2 (Time Division Duplexing (TDD))
N.sub.EREG.sup.ECCE=8 is used. An EPDCCH is consequently mapped to
a multiple of four or eight EREGs depending on the aggregation
level.
[0020] These EREGs belonging to an EPDCCH reside in either a single
PRB pair (as is typical for localized transmission) or a multiple
of PRB pairs (as is typical for distributed transmission). The
division of a PRB pair into EREGs is illustrated in FIG. 6, which
illustrates a PRB pair of normal CP configuration in a normal
subframe. The squares with dark shading include the Demodulation
Reference Signals (DMRS). Each tile is an RE in which the number
corresponds to the EREG it belongs to. The RE with lighter shading
corresponds to the RE belonging to the same EREG indexed with 0 and
so on.
[0021] The EPDCCHs use DMRSs for demodulation, as shown in FIG. 6.
There are 24 REs reserved for DMRS per PRB pair. For distributed
EPDCCHs, there are two DMRS antenna ports in each PRB pair for
normal CP known as antenna ports 107 and 109. These two ports are
used for all distributed EPDCCH messages in the PRB pair and
provide two-fold antenna diversity (if the eNB 10 chooses to
transmit each port from a separate antenna, which is an
implementation choice). For localized EPDCCHs there are up to four
antenna ports 107-110 and each port is used by only one EPDCCH
message in that PRB pair.
[0022] Port 107 uses 12 REs out of the 24 REs in the PRB pair,
while port 109 uses the other 12 REs. Hence, the DMRS REs belonging
to port 107 and 109 are time and frequency multiplexed in the PRB
pair. Ports 107 and 108 (and also ports 109/110), on the other
hand, use the same REs but are code multiplexed by applying an
Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC) on top of four REs on the same
subcarrier.
[0023] When receiving the distributed EPDCCH, the UE 12 estimates
the channel in each DMRS RE and then it uses the OCC within each
subcarrier and the corresponding three subcarriers within the PRB
pair to obtain the channel estimates for antenna port 107 and 109
respectively. These channel estimates are then used when
demodulating the EPDCCH.
[0024] For PDSCH, the antenna port (port 7-15) to use for
demodulation of DMRS based transmission modes (9 or 10) is included
in the Downlink Control Information (DCI) message that schedules
the PDSCH.
[0025] The DMRS antenna ports 7-15 for PDSCH use the same RE in the
PRB pair as the DMRS ports 107,109 for EPDCCH. Hence, for a rank 1
transmission, which is what a MTC device will use, port 7 will be
used for PDSCH demodulation and the corresponding RE is seen in
FIG. 7.
[0026] For PDSCH DMRS ports, the OCCs in Table 1 are applied, which
shows the sequence w.sub.p.sup.(i) for normal cyclic prefix.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Antenna port .sup.p [w.sub.p(0) w.sub.p(1)
w.sub.p(2) w.sub.p(3)] 7 [+1 +1 +1 +1] 8 [+1 -1 +1 -1] 9 [+1 +1 +1
+1] 10 [+1 -1 +1 -1] 11 [+1 +1 -1 -1] 12 [-1 -1 +1 +1] 13 [+1 -1 -1
+1] 14 [-1 +1 +1 -1]
[0027] Data repetition over multiple subframes has been proposed
for transmitting data to a MTC UE 12 with very high propagation
losses. In this case, it is assumed that even the reference signal
(e.g. DMRS) is very weak, and the channel between the serving eNB
10 and the UE 12 cannot be reliably estimated within a subframe.
The reference signal needs to be accumulated over multiple
subframes in order to estimate the channel. This is possible only
when the channel is constant over the accumulation time period.
When multiple transmit antennas are used at the eNB 10 and
reference signals are precoded over the antennas, the same precoder
needs to be used over the accumulation time period. One problem is
that when the eNB 10 does not have a good knowledge of the channel
(this is typically the case as channel feedback is generally not
reliable under this scenario), the precoder may not match the
actual channel well, and this could result in poor receiving
performance at the UE 12.
SUMMARY
[0028] Systems and methods for enabling precoding diversity in the
time domain are provided. In some embodiments, a User Equipment
(UE) includes circuitry including a processing module and a memory
module configured to receive an indication that a physical channel
is repeated over a set of subframes and receive an indication that
the UE can assume that a first subset of the repetitions of the
physical channel and a reference signal will use a first precoder.
In this way, in some embodiments, the UE can coherently combine the
repetitions, including the reference signals used by the physical
channel. The ability to coherently combine repetitions of the
physical channel improves both the estimates of the physical
channel as well as channel estimates derived from the repeated
reference signals.
[0029] In some embodiments, a precoder cycling technique for
providing diversity for repeated transmissions of a physical
channel associated with a variably precoded reference signal is
provided herein that allows coherent combining of the repeated
transmissions. The method indicates to a UE that a physical channel
is repeated over a set of subframes and that the UE can assume that
subsets of the repetitions of the physical channel and an
associated reference signal can be assumed to use one precoder. The
repetitions that use the same precoder are determined through
system timing or by which subframes carry the same antenna port
associated with the physical channel.
[0030] Because the same precoder can be used over the subsets, the
UE can coherently combine the repetitions in the subsets, including
the reference signals used by the physical channel. The ability to
coherently combine repetitions of the physical channel improves
both the estimates of the physical channel as well as channel
estimates derived from the repeated reference signals.
[0031] The methods apply to both common and dedicated channels, as
well as to control and shared channels. Mechanisms to determine
which repetitions use the same precoder are provided for user data
as well as for control data, such as system information, random
access, paging, and downlink control information (in MTC-Physical
Downlink Control Channel (M-PDCCH)).
[0032] Enhancements providing additional diversity through
frequency hopping in combination with precoder cycling are also
described herein.
[0033] Methods and systems described herein allow different
precoding to be used to increase diversity order for repeated
transmissions of a physical channel, while still allowing coherent
combining gain for repetitions that use the same precoding. The UE
need not be aware of the precoders used, simplifying the UE
implementation. Some embodiments have reduced reference signal
overhead compared to using a reference signal per antenna port. The
methods can apply to a variety of physical channels, including
dedicated and common channels, as well as control and shared
channels.
[0034] One of ordinary skill in the art would realize that various
communication nodes (e.g., UE or other station) could perform
various processes described herein. Other features and advantages
will become obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of
the following detailed description and drawings.
[0035] Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the
present disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after
reading the following detailed description of the embodiments in
association with the accompanying drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming
a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the
disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the
principles of the disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication network such as
a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication network with
multiple wireless devices (User Equipments (UEs) and a network node
(evolved NodeB (eNB), according to some embodiments of the present
disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 2 is a diagram of the LTE downlink physical resource,
according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 3 illustrates a downlink subframe, according to some
embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates a transmission structure of a precoded
spatial multiplexing mode in LTE, according to some embodiments of
the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 5 illustrates a downlink subframe showing a
configuration of three Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel
(EPDCCH) regions, according to some embodiments of the present
disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 6 illustrates a Physical Resource Block (PRB) pair of
normal cyclic prefix configuration in a normal subframe, according
to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 7 illustrates a Resource Element (RE) showing port 7
will be used for Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
demodulation, according to some embodiments of the present
disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 8 is a diagram of a UE 12, according to some
embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 9 is a diagram of an eNB 10, according to some
embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 10 illustrates the operation of an eNB 10, according to
some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 11 illustrates the operation of a UE 12, according to
some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIGS. 12-14 show multiple ways that time-domain precoding
diversity might be obtained, according to some embodiments of the
present disclosure;
[0049] FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate data transmission with two
Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) ports, according to some
embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 17 shows antenna port cycling with frequency hopping
between two narrowbands, according to some embodiments of the
present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 18 is a diagram of an eNB 10 including modules,
according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
[0052] FIG. 19 is a diagram of a UE 12 including modules, according
to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0053] FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram that illustrates a
virtualized embodiment of eNB 10, according to some embodiments of
the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0054] The embodiments set forth below represent information to
enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and
illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon
reading the following description in light of the accompanying
drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the
concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these
concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood
that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the
disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0055] In the following description, numerous specific details are
set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the
invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other
instances, well-known circuits, structures and techniques have not
been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of
this description. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the
included descriptions, will be able to implement appropriate
functionality without undue experimentation.
[0056] References in the specification to "one embodiment," "an
embodiment," "an example embodiment," etc., indicate that the
embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure,
or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include
the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover,
such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment.
Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is
described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it
is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such
feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other
embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0057] In the following description and claims, the terms "coupled"
and "connected," along with their derivatives, may be used. It
should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms
for each other. "Coupled" is used to indicate that two or more
elements, which may or may not be in direct physical or electrical
contact with each other, co-operate or interact with each other.
"Connected" is used to indicate the establishment of communication
between two or more elements that are coupled with each other.
[0058] An electronic device (e.g., an end station, a network
device) stores and transmits (internally and/or with other
electronic devices over a network) code (composed of software
instructions) and data using machine-readable media, such as
non-transitory machine-readable media (e.g., machine-readable
storage media such as magnetic disks; optical disks; read only
memory; flash memory devices; phase change memory) and transitory
machine-readable transmission media (e.g., electrical, optical,
acoustical or other form of propagated signals--such as carrier
waves, infrared signals). In addition, such electronic devices
includes hardware such as a set of one or more processors coupled
to one or more other components, such as one or more non-transitory
machine-readable media (to store code and/or data), user
input/output devices (e.g., a keyboard, a touchscreen, and/or a
display), and network connections (to transmit code and/or data
using propagating signals). The coupling of the set of processors
and other components is typically through one or more busses and
bridges (also termed as bus controllers). Thus, a non-transitory
machine-readable medium of a given electronic device typically
stores instructions for execution on one or more processors of that
electronic device. One or more parts of an embodiment of the
invention may be implemented using different combinations of
software, firmware, and/or hardware.
[0059] As used herein, a network device or apparatus (e.g., a
router, switch, bridge) is a piece of networking equipment,
including hardware and software, which communicatively
interconnects other equipment on the network (e.g., other network
devices, end stations). Some network devices are "multiple services
network devices" that provide support for multiple networking
functions (e.g., routing, bridging, switching, Layer 2 aggregation,
session border control, Quality of Service, and/or subscriber
management), and/or provide support for multiple application
services (e.g., data, voice, and video). Subscriber end stations
(e.g., servers, workstations, laptops, netbooks, palm tops, mobile
phones, smartphones, multimedia phones, Voice Over Internet
Protocol (VOIP) phones, user equipment, terminals, portable media
players, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), gaming systems, set-top
boxes) access content/services provided over the Internet and/or
content/services provided on virtual private networks (VPNs)
overlaid on (e.g., tunneled through) the Internet. The content
and/or services are typically provided by one or more end stations
(e.g., server end stations) belonging to a service or content
provider or end stations participating in a peer to peer service,
and may include, for example, public webpages (e.g., free content,
store fronts, search services), private webpages (e.g.,
username/password accessed webpages providing email services),
and/or corporate networks over VPNs. Typically, subscriber end
stations are coupled (e.g., through customer premise equipment
coupled to an access network (wired or wirelessly)) to edge network
devices, which are coupled (e.g., through one or more core network
devices) to other edge network devices, which are coupled to other
end stations (e.g., server end stations). One of ordinary skill in
the art would realize that any network device, end station or other
network apparatus can perform the functions described herein.
[0060] While Long Term Evolution (LTE) terminology is generally
used herein, the current disclosure is not limited thereto.
Embodiments would also be applicable to other wireless
communication networks as understood by one of ordinary skill in
the art.
[0061] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a UE 12 (e.g., a mobile
device), according to some embodiments, that can be used in one or
more of the embodiments described herein. The UE 12 may in some
embodiments be a mobile device that is configured for
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) or Machine-Type Communication (MTC). The
UE 12 includes circuitry that comprises a processing module 30 that
controls the operation of the UE 12. In some embodiments, the
processing module 30 includes one or more processors (e.g., Central
Processing Units (CPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and/or the like).
The processing module 30 is connected to a transceiver module 32
with associated antenna(s) 34 which are used to receive signals
from or both transmit signals to and receive signals from an eNB 10
in the network 2. To make use of Discontinuous Reception (DRX), the
processing module 30 can be configured to deactivate the receiver
or transceiver module 32 for specified lengths of time. The
circuitry also comprises a memory module 36 that is connected to
the processing module 30 and that stores program and other
information and data required for the operation of the UE 12.
[0062] FIG. 9 shows an evolved NodeB (eNB) 10 (or a base station)
that can be used in embodiments described herein. It will be
appreciated that although a macro eNB will not in practice be
identical in size and structure to a micro eNB, for the purposes of
illustration, the eNBs 10 are assumed to include similar
components. Thus, the eNB 10 includes circuitry that comprises a
processing module 40 that controls the operation of the eNB 10. In
some embodiments, the processing module 40 includes one or more
processors (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like). The
processing module 40 is connected to a transceiver module 42 with
associated antenna(s) 44 which are used to transmit signals to, and
receive signals from, UEs 12 in the network 2. The eNB 10 also
comprises a memory module 46 that is connected to the processing
module 40 and that stores program and other information and data
required for the operation of the eNB 10. The eNB 10 also includes
components and/or circuitry 48 for allowing the eNB 10 to exchange
information with other base stations 10 (for example via an X2
interface) and components and/or circuitry 49 for allowing the eNB
10 to exchange information with nodes in the core network 4 (for
example via the S1 interface). It will be appreciated that base
stations for use in other types of networks (e.g. Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access Networks (UTRAN) or Wideband Code-Division
Multiple Access (WCDMA) Radio Area Network (RAN)) will include
similar components to those shown in FIG. 9 and appropriate
interface circuitry for enabling communications with the other
network nodes in those types of networks (e.g. other base stations,
mobility management nodes and/or nodes in the core network).
[0063] Systems and methods for enabling precoding diversity in the
time domain are provided. In some embodiments, UE 12 includes
circuitry including a processing module 30 and a memory module 36
configured to receive an indication that a physical channel is
repeated over a set of subframes and receive an indication that the
UE 12 can assume that a first subset of the repetitions of the
physical channel and a reference signal will use a first precoder.
In this way, in some embodiments, the UE 12 can coherently combine
the repetitions, including the reference signals used by the
physical channel. The ability to coherently combine repetitions of
the physical channel improves both the estimates of the physical
channel as well as channel estimates derived from the repeated
reference signals. In some embodiments, the UE 12 receiving these
indications includes determining what type of device the UE 12 is
or what mode of operation the UE 12 is in. In some embodiments, the
indication that the UE 12 can assume that the first subset of the
repetitions of the physical channel and the reference signal will
use the first precoder is an indication of how many repetitions are
in the first subset.
[0064] FIG. 10 illustrates the operation of an eNB 10, according to
some embodiments of the present disclosure. The eNB 10 first
indicates to the UE 12 that a physical channel is repeated over a
set of subframes (step 100). As discussed above, this may be due to
the class of device the UE 12 belongs to or because it is in a
coverage enhancement mode, for example. The eNB 10 then indicates
to the UE 12 that the UE 12 can assume that a first subset of the
repetitions of the physical channel and a reference signal will use
a first precoder (step 102). This might enable the UE 12 to use
coherent combining or a similar technique to obtain a better
decoding of the repetitions than would have been possible
otherwise. As discussed in more detail below, this indication of
the first subset of the repetitions may be indicated by changing a
transmitter port or hopping to a different frequency. Also, in some
embodiments, even though frequency hopping is not used, a system
timing value such as a parameter that indicates a frequency hopping
period may be used to indicate which repetitions are included in
the first subset and use the same precoder.
[0065] FIG. 11 illustrates the operation of a UE 12, according to
some embodiments of the present disclosure. The UE 12 first
receives an indication that a physical channel is repeated over a
set of subframes (step 200). As discussed above, this may be due to
the class of device the UE 12 belongs to or because it is in a
coverage enhancement mode, for example. The UE 12 also receives an
indication that the UE 12 can assume that a first subset of the
repetitions of the physical channel and a reference signal will use
a first precoder (step 202). As discussed in more detail below,
this indication of the first subset of the repetitions may be
indicated by changing a transmitter port or hopping to a different
frequency. Also, in some embodiments, even though frequency hopping
is not used, a system timing value, such as a parameter that
indicates a frequency hopping period, may be used to indicate which
repetitions are included in the first subset and use the same
precoder.
[0066] In this way, in some embodiments, the UE 12 may optionally
coherently combine multiple of the first subset of the repetitions
to decode the physical channel (step 204). The ability to
coherently combine repetitions of the physical channel improves
both the estimates of the physical channel as well as channel
estimates derived from the repeated reference signals.
[0067] For a data transmission that spans multiple subframes in
time, time-domain precoding diversity can be obtained, in addition
to other types of diversity (e.g., frequency diversity). The
technique applies to all Downlink (DL) transmissions that may be
Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) based, including both DL
control channel (e.g., MTC-Physical Downlink Control Channel
(M-PDCCH)) and DL data channel (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared
Channel (PDSCH)) and including both broadcast transmissions (e.g.,
MTC-System Information Block x (SIBx), Re-Authorization Request
(RAR), paging) and unicast transmissions (e.g., unicast DL data
payload). The precoder W.sub.i is applied to DMRS as well as the
modulation symbols of the corresponding PDSCH in the same subframe.
The parameter that needs to be configured is precoder periodicity
M, which in some embodiments indicates for how many subframes a UE
12 can assume the precoder used will be the same. In some
embodiments, the transmissions discussed herein apply to both
M-PDCCH (if applicable) and PDSCH.
[0068] For broadcast transmission of MTC-SIB1, the precoder
periodicity M is preferably predefined in a specification so that
no signaling is necessary. Alternatively, this can be signaled via
MIB, if the overhead is deemed acceptable. For broadcast
transmission of MTC-SIBs other than MTC-SIB1, e.g., MTC-SIB2,
MTC-SIB3, the precoder periodicity M is preferably predefined in a
specification so that no signaling is necessary. Alternatively,
this can be signaled via a MTC-SIB1. For broadcast transmission of
RAR and paging, the precoder periodicity M is preferably predefined
in a specification so that no signaling is necessary.
Alternatively, this can be signaled via one of the MTC-SIBs. For
unicast transmission, the precoder periodicity M is preferably
signaled via a UE-specific RRC configuration message.
[0069] The value of precoder periodicity M may be determined via at
least one of the following:
[0070] a number of subframes; which is the straightforward way;
[0071] a number of radio frames; where 1 radio frame is 10
subframes in LTE; and/or
[0072] a function of another period, for example: frequency hopping
period.
[0073] When the UE 12 has sufficiently good frequency tracking of
an eNB's 10 downlink, the UE 12 can coherently accumulate
repetitions across a set of M subframes when it knows that eNB has
used the same precoding vector. Here, the precoder is a vector
since eNB 10 always uses Rank 1 transmission for the low-complexity
UE 12. The UE 12 can use this knowledge to improve channel
estimation from DMRS in the M subframes. M is an integer greater
than or equal to 1. When different precoding and/or frequency
hopping are used, the UE 12 can coherently combine across
subframes. Therefore, knowing when the same precoding is used also
allows it to know when it should perform channel estimation by
using the combined reference signals within each set of subframes
and coherently combine signals received over different sets of
subframes.
[0074] The repetitions for which the same precoder is used can be
indicated directly or implicitly. In one direct approach, an index
of system time, such as the slot index within a subframe n.sub.s
from 3GPP TS 36.211 v12.0.0, is used to identify when a new
precoder is used. PDSCH transmissions to different UEs 12 should be
spread out among different precoders, and so a UE 12 identity may
be used to determine when a new precoder is used. In this case a
new precoder may be used when
( n s 2 + n R .times. N .times. T .times. I ) .times. mod .times.
.times. M = 0 , ##EQU00001##
where n.sub.RNTI is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)
such as the Cell RNTI (C-RNTI), Paging RNTI (P-RNTI), Random Access
RNTI (RA-RNTI), System Information RNTI (SI-RNTI), etc. In an
implicit approach, the physical channel is transmitted on a
different antenna port after every M subframes. In an exemplary
embodiment for PDSCH, the DMRS port number p could be determined
as
p = 7 + ( n s 2 .times. M + n R .times. N .times. T .times. I )
.times. mod .times. N . ##EQU00002##
Further details of these embodiments are discussed below.
[0075] From one set of M subframes to the next set of M subframes,
the precoding vector may change to obtain spatial diversity. Over N
sets of M subframes, the eNB 10 can cycle through a maximum of N
potentially different precoding matrices. It may be desirable for N
to be small in order to allow as many as possible of the M*N
subframes to be coherently combined. In such a case, N is equal to
the number of transmit antennas, and the N precoding vectors are
preferably mutually orthogonal. However, note that with DMRS based
precoding, the precoding matrices used are transparent to the UE
12, i.e., it is not necessary to predefine or signal the W.sub.i to
the UE 12.
[0076] Because rank 1 precoding is used, only one DMRS port (port
7) is necessary in a given subframe, regardless of the number of
antenna elements used to transmit on the DMRS port. This has
reduced overhead as compared to per-Resource Element (RE) precoder
cycling as used for distributed EPDCCH, which uses two (or more)
antenna ports. Instead of two groups of REs (e.g., 24 REs per
Physical Resource Block (PRB)) for DMRS as in FIG. 6, only one
group of REs needs to be reserved for DMRS transmission (e.g., 12
REs per PRB).
[0077] Higher transmission power is available for DMRS or PDSCH.
That is, the transmission power of port 7 DMRS can be 3 dB higher
than to the case in which both port 7 and port 8 are turned on.
Alternatively, the power that would have been used for port 8 can
be used for PDSCH REs. Note that while for ease of illustration the
subframes are shown as consecutive in some of the figures, they may
or may not be consecutive in actual operation. Moreover, it is
possible that the subframe sets may not all have the same number
(M) of usable subframes. This can be due to, e.g., some DL
subframes not being available for control/data transmission.
Specifically, subframes may be unavailable for DL transmission due
to: (a) TDD configuration; (b) MBSFN subframes; (c) measurement
gap; etc. Even when the subframes are not consecutive, or the sets
contain different number of usable subframes, the same principle
applies. That is, as long as the eNB 10 and UE 12 know which
subframes use the same precoding vector W, this can be used in
channel estimation to enhance performance.
[0078] Note also that while for ease of illustration, it is assumed
that all PRBs in a narrow band of a given subframe use the same
precoding vector, in general this is not necessary. In general, the
PRBs in a narrow band can be grouped in P groups of Q consecutive
PRBs, so that the UE 12 can assume that the same precoding vector
is used among PRBs of a given group, but different precoding
matrices may be applied between PRB groups. In this case, precoding
diversity method means that for a given PRB group, the precoding
vector stays the same within a set of M subframes but may change to
a different precoding vector in a different set of M subframes.
[0079] FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment using time-domain
precoding diversity without frequency hopping. In this embodiment,
DMRS based periodic precoder cycling without frequency hopping is
used. As illustrated in FIG. 12, for transmitting a given
information block, N*M subframes are used. The first set of M
subframes use precoder W.sub.0, the second set of M subframes use
precoder W.sub.1, . . . the N-th set of M subframes use precoder
W.sub.N-1.
[0080] In this scenario, frequency hopping is not applied. However,
due to precoder cycling, spatial domain diversity is achieved to
help compensate for the lack of frequency-domain diversity. In some
embodiments, even though frequency hopping is not used, a system
timing value such as a parameter that indicates a frequency hopping
period may be used to indicate the value of M.
[0081] FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment using time-domain
precoding diversity with frequency hopping. In this embodiment,
DMRS based periodic precoder cycling with frequency hopping is
used. As illustrated in FIG. 13, for transmitting a given
information block, N*M subframes are used. The first set of M
subframes use precoder W.sub.0, the second set of M subframes use
precoder W.sub.1, and so on until the N-th set of M subframes use
precoder W.sub.N-1. Frequency hopping is applied such that each set
can move to a potentially different narrowband location in
frequency domain.
[0082] In FIG. 13, it is assumed that the frequency hopping period
is the same as the precoder cycling period M, where the frequency
hopping period is the number of subframes where the transmission is
located at a same narrowband before hopping to a different
narrowband. In general, the frequency hopping period does not have
to be the same as precoder cycling period. The main consideration
of frequency hopping patterns (including frequency hopping periods)
is lower signaling overhead, low collision between UEs 12, low
collision between broadcast-type of transmission and unicast type,
overhead of retuning time, etc. The main consideration of a
precoder cycling period is coherence time of the channel.
[0083] For example, the frequency hopping period may be 2*M
subframes, so that in one frequency hopping period, two different
precoders can be applied to gain diversity within a frequency
hopping period. Either way, the value of M may be indicated to the
UE 12 by the indication of the frequency hopping period.
[0084] In FIG. 14, an embodiment is illustrated where the DL
frequency hopping pattern is only between two narrow bands only:
{Narrowband #0, Narrowband #1}. Different UEs 12 may use different
ones of {Narrowband #0, Narrowband #1} so that their transmissions
are multiplexed over the same subframes. Using only two narrow band
locations has the benefit of simplicity and collision reduction
when transmissions from multiple UEs 12 are ongoing simultaneously.
In this case, the precoder cycling provides spatial diversity to
compensate for the limited frequency diversity.
[0085] In some embodiments, two DMRS ports may be used to increase
spatial diversity where a subset of REs in a subframe are
associated with DMRS port 7 while the rest of the REs in a subframe
are associated with DMRS port 8. "Association" here means that the
data transmitted over the REs is precoded using the same precoder
as that used by the associated DMRS port. An example is shown in
FIG. 15 where the set of REs labelled "1" (referred to as set 1) is
associated to one of the two DMRS ports (either port 7 or port 8),
while the set of REs labelled "2" (referred to as set 2) is
associated with the other DMRS port. The two sets of REs shown in
FIG. 15 are just an example, and there can be other partitions.
[0086] To take advantage of the time repetition of the same data
over multiple subframes, the association between a set of REs and a
DMRS port can be changed between two subframes over a repetition
period. An example is illustrated in FIG. 16 where data
transmissions are repeated in 7 subframes (i.e., subframes k to
k+6). One set of precoders is used in the first 4 subframes (i.e.,
subframes k to k+3) while a different set of precoders is used in
the next 3 subframes (i.e., subframes k+4 to k+6). In subframe k,
REs of set 1 are associated with DMRS port 7 while REs of set 2 are
associated with DMRS port 8. The associations are then switched in
subframe k+1, i.e., REs of set 1 are associated with DMRS port 8
while REs of set 2 are associated with DMRS port 7. The
associations are also switched in the subsequent subframes.
[0087] The port to each RE set association can be predefined in the
first subframe, and then the association is switched in the
subsequent subframes. The precoders for DMRS ports 7 & 8 are
unchanged within a precoder cycling period. In this example,
precoders W1 and W2 are used for port 7 and port 8 in the first
four subframes. The precoders are switched to W3 and W4 in the next
3 subframes. This allows coherent DMRS and data combining over each
precoder cycling period. After the combining, the channel
associated with each DMRS port can be estimated. The estimated
channel on each DMRS port can be used to equalize the signals
received on the associated data REs in each subframe. The equalized
data from each precoder cycling period is then coherently combined
before being demodulated and decoded. In some embodiments, this
allows the signals transmitted on the same set of REs to go through
different precoded channels in different subframes and thus enables
better channel averaging over multiple subframes.
[0088] In another embodiment, the antenna port used by the physical
channel can change from one set of M subframes to another set for a
given bundle. Here "bundle" refers to the total set of physical
channel repetitions associated with a single control or data
channel transmission. Repetitions using the same antenna port and
subcarriers can be coherently combined. This is illustrated in FIG.
17. In this embodiment, it is assumed that there are two antenna
ports (AP.sub.0, AP.sub.1) available, and they are alternated
within the bundle. Although it is not necessary in general, this
example also assumes that antenna port hopping period is the same
as frequency hopping period M.
[0089] One example is localized M-PDCCH transmission. Instead of
using the same antenna port for all subframes in a bundle, the
antenna port can vary according to parameters M and N. For
instance, the single antenna port p used for localized transmission
is given in Table 2 (from Table 6.8A.5-1 of 3GPP TS 36.211 v12.0.0)
with:
n'=n.sub.ECCE,low mod N.sub.ECCE.sup.RB+(n.sub.RNTI+n)mod
min(N.sub.ECCE.sup.EPDCCH,N.sub.ECCE.sup.RB)
where n.sub.ECCE,low is the lowest ECCE index used by this EPDCCH
transmission in the EPDCCH set, n.sub.RNTI equals the C-RNTI, and
N.sub.ECCE.sup.EPDCCH is the number of ECCEs used for this EPDCCH.
Here
n = n s 2 .times. M .times. mod .times. N ##EQU00003##
is the index of antenna port cycling period, n=0, 1, . . . N-1. The
antenna port used is held constant over M subframes in an antenna
port cycling period. Variable n.sub.s is the slot number within a
radio frame on which the M-PDCCH is transmitted.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Normal cyclic prefix Normal subframes,
Special Extended subframes, Special subframes, cyclic prefix
configurations configurations Any n' 3, 4, 8 1, 2, 6, 7, 9 subframe
0 107 107 107 1 108 109 108 2 109 -- -- 3 110 -- --
[0090] In some embodiments, a similar antenna port hopping scheme
can be applied to PDSCH transmission as well.
[0091] In addition to spatial diversity, other types of diversity
can be applied in a similar manner. In one example, the diversity
is a Redundancy Version (RV) diversity. A given set of M subframes
uses a same RV. From one set to a next set, a potentially different
RV is used. Preferably, the sequence of RVs to cycle through is
predefined in a specification.
[0092] In one alternative, the starting RV to use for a bundle is
fixed, e.g., RV=0, thus requiring no signaling. In some
embodiments, this is appropriate for M-PDCCH transmissions and
PDSCH transmissions that have no associated M-PDCCH.
[0093] In another alternative, the starting RV to use for a bundle
is dynamic or semi-static, and is signaled by eNB 10. This can be
used for PDSCH where the associated M-PDCCH can provide the
starting RV in a dynamic manner.
[0094] As a result of the foregoing embodiments, different
precoding can be used to increase diversity order for repeated
transmissions of a physical channel, while still allowing coherent
combining gain for repetitions that use the same precoding. The UE
12 need not be aware of the precoders used, simplifying the UE 12
implementation.
[0095] While processes in the figures may show a particular order
of operations performed by certain embodiments of the present
disclosure, it should be understood that such order is exemplary
(e.g., alternative embodiments may perform the operations in a
different order, combine certain operations, overlap certain
operations, etc.).
[0096] FIG. 18 is a diagram of an eNB 10 including modules,
according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The eNB 10
includes at least a communication module 50 implemented in
software. The communication module 50 provides the functionality of
the eNB 10 described herein. For example, the communication module
50 may be operative to indicate to a UE 12 that a physical channel
is repeated over a set of subframes and the communication module 50
may be further operative to indicate to the UE 12 that the UE 12
can assume that a first subset of the repetitions of the physical
channel and a reference signal will use a first precoder.
[0097] FIG. 19 is a diagram of a UE 12 including modules, according
to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The UE 12 includes
at least a communication module 52 and optionally a combining
module 54 implemented in software. The communication module 52
provides the functionality of the UE 12 described herein. For
example, the communication module 52 may be operative to receive an
indication that a physical channel is repeated over a set of
subframes, and the communication module 52 may be further operative
to receive an indication that the UE 12 can assume that a first
subset of the repetitions of the physical channel and a reference
signal will use a first precoder. The optional combining module 54
may be operative to coherently combine multiple of the first subset
of the repetitions to decode the physical channel.
[0098] FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram that illustrates a
virtualized embodiment of eNB 10, according to some embodiments of
the present disclosure. As used herein, a "virtualized" network
node is an implementation of the eNB 10 in which at least a portion
of the functionality of the eNB 10 is implemented as a virtual
component(s) (e.g., via a virtual machine(s) executing on a
physical processing node(s) in a network(s)). As illustrated, in
this example, the eNB 10 includes a control system 56 that includes
one or more processors 58 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the
like), a memory 60, and a network interface 62. In addition, since
the eNB 10 is a radio network node, the eNB 10 further includes one
or more radio units 64 that each includes one or more transmitters
66 and one or more receivers 68 coupled to one or more antennas 70,
as described above. The control system 56 is connected to the radio
unit(s) 64 via, for example, an optical cable or the like. The
control system 56 is connected to one or more processing nodes 72
coupled to or included as part of a network(s) 74 via the network
interface 62. Each processing node 72 includes one or more
processors 76 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), memory
78, and a network interface 80.
[0099] In this example, functions 82 of the eNB 10 described herein
are implemented at the one or more processing nodes 72 or
distributed across the control system 56 and the one or more
processing nodes 72 in any desired manner. In some particular
embodiments, some or all of the functions 82 of the eNB 10
described herein are implemented as virtual components executed by
one or more virtual machines implemented in a virtual
environment(s) hosted by the processing node(s) 72. As will be
appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, additional
signaling or communication between the processing node(s) 72 and
the control system 56 is used in order to carry out at least some
of the desired functions 82. Notably, in some embodiments, the
control system 56 may not be included, in which case the radio
unit(s) 64 communicates directly with the processing node(s) 72 via
an appropriate network interface(s). In some other embodiments, the
eNB 10 is entirely virtualized (i.e., does not include the control
system 56 or the radio unit(s) 64).
[0100] In some embodiments, a computer program including
instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes
the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of eNB 10
or a node (e.g., a processing node 72) implementing one or more of
the functions 82 of the eNB 10 in a virtual environment according
to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some
embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer
program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic
signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable
storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium
such as memory).
[0101] While the invention has been described in terms of several
embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the
invention is not limited to the embodiments described, can be
practiced with modification and alteration within the spirit and
scope of the appended claims. The description is thus to be
regarded as illustrative instead of limiting.
[0102] The following acronyms are used throughout this disclosure.
[0103] 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project [0104] ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit [0105] BW Bandwidth [0106]
CP Cyclic Prefix [0107] CPU Central Processing Unit [0108] C-RNTI
Cell RNTI [0109] DCI Downlink Control Information [0110] DL
Downlink [0111] DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal [0112] DRX
Discontinuous Reception [0113] ECCE Enhanced Control Channel
Element [0114] eNB Evolved Node-B [0115] EPDCCH Enhanced Physical
Downlink Control Channel [0116] EREG Enhanced Resource Element
Group [0117] FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array [0118] GPS Global
Positioning System [0119] LTE Long Term Evolution [0120] M2M
Machine to Machine [0121] MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
[0122] M-PDCCH MTC Physical Downlink Control Channel [0123] MTC
Machine Type Communication [0124] OCC Orthogonal Cover Code [0125]
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing [0126] PBCH
Physical Broadcast Channel [0127] PCFICH Physical Control Format
Indicator Channel [0128] PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
[0129] PDCCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel [0130] PHICH Physical
Hybrid-Automatic Repeat Request Indicator Channel [0131] PMCH
Physical Multicast Channel [0132] PMI Precoding-Matrix Indicator
[0133] PRB Physical Resource Block [0134] P-RNTI Paging RNTI [0135]
RAN Radio Access Network [0136] RAR Random Access Response [0137]
RA-RNTI Random Access RNTI [0138] RB Resource Block [0139] RE
Resource Element [0140] RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
[0141] RS Reference Symbol [0142] RV Redundancy Version [0143] SIB
System Information Block [0144] SI-RNTI System Information RNTI
[0145] TDD Time Division Duplexing [0146] TFRE Time/Frequency
Resource Element [0147] UE User Equipment [0148] UTRAN Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access Network [0149] VoIP Voice-over-IP [0150]
VPN Virtual Personal Network [0151] WCDMA Wideband Code-Division
Multiple Access
[0152] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and
modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All
such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope
of the concepts disclosed herein.
* * * * *