U.S. patent application number 17/333893 was filed with the patent office on 2021-12-30 for facilitation of collaborative vehicle warnings.
The applicant listed for this patent is AT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P., AT&T Mobility II LLC. Invention is credited to Nigel Bradley, Ari Craine, Zhi Cui, Sangar Dowlatkhah, Robert Koch.
Application Number | 20210407292 17/333893 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005615105 |
Filed Date | 2021-12-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210407292 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Cui; Zhi ; et al. |
December 30, 2021 |
FACILITATION OF COLLABORATIVE VEHICLE WARNINGS
Abstract
This disclosure describes a solution to facilitate collaborative
vehicle warnings via an edge node. An edge network can provide
resources to the vehicles such that the vehicles can operate in a
harmonic and safe manner. For example, a non-compliance of a
vehicle captured by a video camera of another vehicle can be sent
to the edge node for analysis. If other data related to
non-compliances of the vehicle are received by the edge node, the
edge node can label the vehicle as an unsafe vehicle. In response
to the labeling the vehicle as an unsafe vehicle, the edge node can
share this information with the vehicles that sent the video feed
info and/or other vehicles that are nearby.
Inventors: |
Cui; Zhi; (Sugar Hill,
GA) ; Dowlatkhah; Sangar; (Cedar Hill, TX) ;
Bradley; Nigel; (Canton, GA) ; Craine; Ari;
(Marietta, GA) ; Koch; Robert; (Peachtree Corners,
GA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
AT&T Mobility II LLC |
Atlanta
Atlanta |
GA
GA |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005615105 |
Appl. No.: |
17/333893 |
Filed: |
May 28, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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16913309 |
Jun 26, 2020 |
11037443 |
|
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17333893 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08G 1/04 20130101; H04W
4/44 20180201; G06K 9/325 20130101; G06K 9/00825 20130101; G06K
9/00718 20130101; G08G 1/096783 20130101; G08G 1/0175 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G08G 1/0967 20060101
G08G001/0967; G06K 9/00 20060101 G06K009/00; G06K 9/32 20060101
G06K009/32; G08G 1/04 20060101 G08G001/04; H04W 4/44 20060101
H04W004/44; G08G 1/017 20060101 G08G001/017 |
Claims
1. A method, comprising: receiving, by an edge node comprising a
processor, first image data representative of a first image of a
first vehicle at a first time associated with the first image;
based on the first image data, determining, by the edge node, that
the first vehicle is exhibiting a noncompliance with an operation
rule applicable to the first vehicle at the first time; receiving,
by the edge node, second image data representative of a second
image of the first vehicle at a second time after the first time;
based on the second image data, determining, by the edge node, that
the first vehicle is still exhibiting the noncompliance with the
operation rule at the second time; determining, by the edge node,
that a time difference between the second time and the first time
is greater than a threshold time difference; and in response to
determining that the time difference is greater than the threshold
time difference, determining, by the edge node, that the first
vehicle is operating in an unsafe capacity as a result of continued
noncompliance with the operation rule.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, by the
edge node, a type of noncompliance by the first vehicle, and, based
on the type of noncompliance, generating, by the edge node, the
threshold time difference.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to
determining that the first vehicle is operating in the unsafe
capacity, sending, by the edge node, warning data representative of
a warning to a second vehicle within a defined proximity of the
first vehicle, wherein sending the warning data comprises sending
the warning data to the second vehicle via an access point
determined to be within a defined communicative range of the first
vehicle and the second vehicle.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating in the unsafe
capacity comprises failing to display a turn signal by the first
vehicle for at least the threshold time difference.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the warning data is displayed
with respect to a representation of the first vehicle via an
augmented reality display perceivable from within, and determined
to be associated with, a second vehicle.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating in the unsafe
capacity comprises a headlight of the first vehicle being
determined to inactive for at least the threshold time
difference.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: sending, by the edge
node, to a device associated with the first vehicle, an indication
that a headlight of the first vehicle has been determined to be
inactive.
8. Network equipment, comprising: a processor; and a memory that
stores executable instructions that, when executed by the
processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving, from a first access point device, first image data
representative of a first image of a first vehicle at a first time
associated with the first image; based on the first image data,
determining that the first vehicle has been noncompliant, at the
first time, with an operation rule applicable to the first vehicle;
receiving, from a second access point device, second image data
representative of a second image of the first vehicle at a second
time after the first time, wherein the second image data was
recorded by a second vehicle; based on the second image data,
determining that the first vehicle has remained noncompliant, at
the second time, with the operation rule applicable to the first
vehicle; and in response to determining that a difference between
the first image data and the second image data is greater than a
threshold difference, determining that the first vehicle is
operating in a noncompliant mode.
9. The network equipment of claim 8, wherein the determining that
the first vehicle is operating in the noncompliant mode comprises
determining that a failure to signal indicative of a lane change
has occurred at the first time and the second time.
10. The network equipment of claim 8, wherein the operations
further comprise: facilitating displaying a warning via a display
perceivable from within, and determined to be associated with, the
second vehicle.
11. The network equipment of claim 8, wherein determining that the
first vehicle is operating in the noncompliant mode comprises
determining that the first vehicle is outside of a lane for a
duration of time spanning at least the first time and the second
time.
12. The network equipment of claim 8, wherein determining that the
first vehicle is operating in the noncompliant mode comprises a
determining that the first vehicle has veered into a lane occupied
by the second vehicle for a duration of time spanning at least the
first time and the second time.
13. The network equipment of claim 8, wherein the operations
further comprise: in response to determining that the first vehicle
is operating in the noncompliant mode, sending warning data
representative of a warning to the second vehicle via at least one
of the first access point device or the second access point
device.
14. The network equipment of claim 8, wherein the operations
further comprise: receiving weather data representative of a
weather condition being experienced by the first vehicle; and based
on the weather condition, applying a filter to at least one of the
first image data or the second image data to reduce a noise signal
associated with the weather condition.
15. The network equipment of claim 8, wherein the operations
further comprise: based on an analysis of at least one of the first
image data or the second image data, determining a type of
noncompliance by the first vehicle; and based on the type of
noncompliance, obtaining the threshold difference.
16. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, comprising executable
instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate
performance of operations, comprising: receiving, from a first
video capture device, first image data representative of a first
image a first vehicle that has been determined to be noncompliant
with an operation rule; after the receiving the first image data,
receiving, from a second video capture device, second image data
representative of a second image of the first vehicle that has been
determined to have remained noncompliant with the operation rule;
based on a number of times that the first vehicle has been
determined to have been noncompliant with the operation rule being
greater than a noncompliance threshold number, flagging the first
vehicle as a noncompliant vehicle; and in response to flagging the
first vehicle, sending warning data, representative of a warning,
to a second vehicle that has been determined to be a distance less
than a threshold distance in proximity to the first vehicle.
17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein
the warning data comprises vehicle identification data
representative of a characteristic of the first vehicle, wherein
the vehicle identification data is determined from at least one of
the first image data or the second data, and wherein the vehicle
identification data comprises model data representative of at least
one of a make or model of the first vehicle.
18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein
the warning data further comprises instruction data representative
of an instruction to be displayed via a display device perceivable
from within the second vehicle.
19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein
the operations further comprise: based on the warning data, sending
instruction data for a driver of the second vehicle to maneuver the
second vehicle according to a defined route to avoid the first
vehicle.
20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein
flagging the first vehicle as the noncompliant vehicle is further
based on the number of times being determined to be greater than
the noncompliance threshold number within a defined duration of
time.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The subject patent application is a continuation of, and
claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/913,309,
filed Jun. 26, 2020, and entitled "FACILITATION OF COLLABORATIVE
VEHICLE WARNINGS," the entirety of which application is hereby
incorporated by reference herein.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This disclosure relates generally to facilitating vehicle
interaction. For example, this disclosure relates to facilitating
collaborative vehicle warnings.
BACKGROUND
[0003] For example, a video camera is a camera used for electronic
motion picture acquisition the television industry, but now common
in other applications as well. Video cameras are used primarily in
two modes. The first mode is a live television mode, where the
camera feeds real time images directly to a display for immediate
observation as soon as received by the display. A few cameras still
serve live television production, but currently, most live
connections are used for security, military/tactical, and
industrial operations where surreptitious or remote viewing may be
implicated or required. In the second mode, the images are recorded
to a storage device for archiving or further processing; for many
years, videotape was the primary format used for this purpose, but
was gradually supplanted by optical disc, hard disk, and then flash
memory. Recorded video is still used in television production, but
is also more often used for surveillance and monitoring tasks in
which an unattended recording of a past situation may be requested
or required for later viewing or analysis.
[0004] The above-described background relating to facilitating
collaborative vehicle warnings is intended to provide a contextual
overview of some current issues, and is not intended to be
exhaustive. Other contextual information may become further
apparent upon review of the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the subject
disclosure are described with reference to the following figures,
wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the
various views unless otherwise specified.
[0006] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system
in which network equipment (e.g., a network node device, or a
network node) and user equipment (UE) can implement various aspects
and embodiments of the subject disclosure.
[0007] FIG. 2 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram
of an edge network according to one or more embodiments.
[0008] FIG. 3 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram
of an edge network collaborative warning system according to one or
more embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 4 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram
of an augmented reality view of a vehicle warning according to one
or more embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 5 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram
of an edge network collaborative system according to one or more
embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 6 illustrates an example flow diagram for a method for
facilitating collaborative vehicle warnings according to one or
more embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 7 illustrates an example flow diagram for network
equipment for facilitating collaborative vehicle warnings according
to one or more embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 8 illustrates an example flow diagram for a
machine-readable medium for facilitating collaborative vehicle
warnings according to one or more embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 9 illustrates an example block diagram of an example
mobile handset operable to engage in a system architecture that
facilitates secure wireless communication according to one or more
embodiments described herein.
[0015] FIG. 10 illustrates an example block diagram of an example
computer operable to engage in a system architecture that
facilitates secure wireless communication according to one or more
embodiments described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] In the following description, numerous specific details are
set forth to provide a thorough understanding of various
embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize,
however, that the techniques described herein can be practiced
without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods,
components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known
structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in
detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.
[0017] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment,"
or "an embodiment," means that a particular feature, structure, or
characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is
included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the
phrase "in one embodiment," "in one aspect," or "in an embodiment,"
in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily
all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular
features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any
suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0018] As utilized herein, terms "component," "system,"
"interface," and the like are intended to refer to a
computer-related entity, hardware, software (e.g., in execution),
and/or firmware. For example, a component can be a processor, a
process running on a processor, an object, an executable, a
program, a storage device, and/or a computer. By way of
illustration, an application running on a server and the server can
be a component. One or more components can reside within a process,
and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed
between two or more computers.
[0019] Further, these components can execute from various
machine-readable media having various data structures stored
thereon. The components can communicate via local and/or remote
processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more
data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with
another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or
across a network, e.g., the Internet, a local area network, a wide
area network, etc. with other systems via the signal).
[0020] As another example, a component can be an apparatus with
specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by
electric or electronic circuitry; the electric or electronic
circuitry can be operated by a software application or a firmware
application executed by one or more processors; the one or more
processors can be internal or external to the apparatus and can
execute at least a part of the software or firmware application. As
yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides
specific functionality through electronic components without
mechanical parts; the electronic components can include one or more
processors therein to execute software and/or firmware that
confer(s), at least in part, the functionality of the electronic
components. In an aspect, a component can emulate an electronic
component via a virtual machine, e.g., within a cloud computing
system.
[0021] The words "exemplary" and/or "demonstrative" are used herein
to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the
avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not
limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design
described herein as "exemplary" and/or "demonstrative" is not
necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other
aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent
exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary
skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms
"includes," "has," "contains," and other similar words are used in
either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are
intended to be inclusive--in a manner similar to the term
"comprising" as an open transition word--without precluding any
additional or other elements.
[0022] As used herein, the term "infer" or "inference" refers
generally to the process of reasoning about, or inferring states
of, the system, environment, user, and/or intent from a set of
observations as captured via events and/or data. Captured data and
events can include user data, device data, environment data, data
from sensors, sensor data, application data, implicit data,
explicit data, etc. Inference can be employed to identify a
specific context or action, or can generate a probability
distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of
data and events, for example.
[0023] Inference can also refer to techniques employed for
composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data.
Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions
from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether the
events are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the
events and data come from one or several event and data sources.
Various classification schemes and/or systems (e.g., support vector
machines, neural networks, expert systems, Bayesian belief
networks, fuzzy logic, and data fusion engines) can be employed in
connection with performing automatic and/or inferred action in
connection with the disclosed subject matter.
[0024] In addition, the disclosed subject matter can be implemented
as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard
programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software,
firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a
computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term
"article of manufacture" as used herein is intended to encompass a
computer program accessible from any computer-readable device,
machine-readable device, computer-readable carrier,
computer-readable media, or machine-readable media. For example,
computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, a
magnetic storage device, e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magnetic
strip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), a digital video
disc (DVD), a Blu-ray Disc.TM. (BD)); a smart card; a flash memory
device (e.g., card, stick, key drive); and/or a virtual device that
emulates a storage device and/or any of the above computer-readable
media.
[0025] As an overview, various embodiments are described herein to
facilitate collaborative vehicle warnings. For simplicity of
explanation, the methods are depicted and described as a series of
acts. It is to be understood and appreciated that the various
embodiments are not limited by the acts illustrated and/or by the
order of acts. For example, acts can occur in various orders and/or
concurrently, and with other acts not presented or described
herein. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts may be desired to
implement the methods. In addition, the methods could alternatively
be represented as a series of interrelated states via a state
diagram or events. Additionally, the methods described hereafter
are capable of being stored on an article of manufacture (e.g., a
machine-readable medium) to facilitate transporting and
transferring such methodologies to computers. The term article of
manufacture, as used herein, is intended to encompass a computer
program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or
media, including a non-transitory machine-readable medium.
[0026] It should be noted that although various aspects and
embodiments have been described herein in the context of 5G,
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and/or Long Term
Evolution (LTE), or other next generation networks, the disclosed
aspects are not limited to 5G, a UMTS implementation, and/or an LTE
implementation as the techniques can also be applied in 3G, 4G or
LTE systems. For example, aspects or features of the disclosed
embodiments can be exploited in substantially any wireless
communication technology. Such wireless communication technologies
can include UMTS, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wi-Fi,
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), General
Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced GPRS, Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP), LTE, Third Generation Partnership
Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet
Access (HSPA), Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), High-Speed
Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
(HSUPA), Zigbee, or another IEEE 802.12 technology. Additionally,
substantially all aspects disclosed herein can be exploited in
legacy telecommunication technologies.
[0027] Described herein are systems, methods, articles of
manufacture, and other embodiments or implementations that can
facilitate collaborative vehicle warnings. Facilitating
collaborative vehicle warnings can be implemented in connection
with any type of device with a connection to the communications
network (e.g., a mobile handset, a computer, a handheld device,
etc.), any Internet of things (IOT) device (e.g., toaster, coffee
maker, blinds, music players, speakers, etc.), and/or any connected
vehicles (cars, airplanes, space rockets, and/or other at least
partially automated vehicles (e.g., drones), etc.). In some
embodiments, the non-limiting term user equipment (UE) is used. It
can refer to any type of wireless device that communicates with a
radio network node in a cellular or mobile communication system.
Examples of UE are target device, device to device (D2D) UE,
machine type UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M)
communication, PDA, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, IOT
device, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment
(LME), USB dongles, etc. The embodiments are applicable to single
carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation (CA)
operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA) is also
called (e.g. interchangeably called) "multi-carrier system",
"multi-cell operation", "multi-carrier operation", "multi-carrier"
transmission and/or reception.
[0028] In some embodiments the non-limiting term radio network node
or simply network node is used. It can refer to any type of network
node that serves a UE or network equipment connected to other
network nodes or network elements or any radio node from where UE
receives a signal. Non-exhaustive examples of radio network nodes
are Node B, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) node such
as MSR BS, eNode B, gNode B, network controller, radio network
controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node
controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), edge nodes, edge
servers, network access equipment, network access nodes, a
connection point to a telecommunications network, such as an access
point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, RRU, RRH,
nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), etc.
[0029] Cloud radio access networks (RAN) can enable the
implementation of concepts such as software-defined network (SDN)
and network function virtualization (NFV) in 5G networks. This
disclosure can facilitate a generic channel state information
framework design for a 5G network. Certain embodiments of this
disclosure can include an SDN controller that can control routing
of traffic within the network and between the network and traffic
destinations. The SDN controller can be merged with the 5G network
architecture to enable service deliveries via open application
programming interfaces ("APIs") and move the network core towards
an all internet protocol ("IP"), cloud based, and software driven
telecommunications network. The SDN controller can work with, or
take the place of policy and charging rules function ("PCRF")
network elements so that policies such as quality of service and
traffic management and routing can be synchronized and managed end
to end.
[0030] 5G, also called new radio (NR) access, networks can support
the following: data rates of several tens of megabits per second
supported for tens of thousands of users; 1 gigabit per second can
be offered simultaneously to tens of workers on the same office
floor; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections
can be supported for massive sensor deployments; spectral
efficiency can be enhanced compared to 4G; improved coverage;
enhanced signaling efficiency; and reduced latency compared to LTE.
In multicarrier systems such as OFDM, each subcarrier can occupy
bandwidth (e.g., subcarrier spacing). If the carriers use the same
bandwidth spacing, then it can be considered a single numerology.
However, if the carriers occupy different bandwidth and/or spacing,
then it can be considered a multiple numerology.
[0031] Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm which
brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it
is needed, to improve response times and save bandwidth. Edge
networks can host applications and application components at the
edge servers, resulting in commercial edge computing services that
host applications such as dealer locators, shopping carts,
real-time data aggregators, and ad insertion engines. Modern edge
computing significantly extends this approach through
virtualization technology that makes it easier to deploy and run a
wide range of applications on the edge servers.
[0032] Devices at the edge constantly consume data coming from the
cloud, forcing companies to build content delivery networks to
decentralize data and service provisioning, leveraging physical
proximity to the end user. In a similar way, the aim of edge
computing is to move the computation away from data centers towards
the edge of the network, exploiting smart objects, mobile phones,
or network gateways to perform tasks and provide services on behalf
of the cloud. By moving services to the edge, it is possible to
provide content caching, service delivery, storage and IoT
management resulting in better response times and transfer
rates.
[0033] A user can drive a vehicle A that can be networked via an
access point 1 for the purpose of communicating with edge networks
and/or a cloud network, such as via the Internet. For example, the
access point can be any point, or device, or node (e.g., network
node, access device, a network access device comprising a network
node, a connection point to a telecommunications network, a
transceiver, etc.) via which a vehicle can attach or connect to a
wireless network. Edge nodes can be distributed and available along
a path traversed by the vehicle. This disclosure describes an edge
network-based solution, however, an alternative solution can employ
a cloud-based architecture.
[0034] In various embodiments described herein, a driver of a
non-autonomous vehicle A can be better informed about how nearby
vehicles B, C and D are operating, and in relation to vehicle A.
Vehicles B, C, and D can also be in communication with an access
point. Further, an edge node can maintain communication with each
vehicle while the vehicle is in range of the access point.
Additionally, some (e.g., various types of information as later
discussed) or all information being disseminated to the various
vehicles can be based on their respective distances to/from the
access point and/or each other. For instance, information sent from
a passenger of a vehicle A may only be sent to Vehicle B if Vehicle
A is within a defined first distance of the access point, vehicle B
is within a defined second distance of the access point, and/or if
Vehicle A and Vehicle B are within a defined third distance from
each other. Such distances can be the same or different distances,
and can be tailored for a given vehicle scenario that may be
manifesting. Therefore, the edge node can be knowledgeable of which
vehicles are in range, are autonomous, are non-autonomous, and/or
their respective distances from each other.
[0035] As mentioned, the driver of vehicle A can be informed as to
the operations of other nearby vehicles. For example, vehicle A can
be can be equipped with an augmented reality (AR) view windshield.
Alternatively, the driver of vehicle A can be equipped with
augmented reality capabilities via eyeglasses or devices. The edge
node can send its knowledge of which other vehicles are autonomous
and non-autonomous to vehicle A. The edge node can also send
current and/or predicted location information of each of the other
vehicles so that vehicle A's AR system can correlate with the image
that is viewed through the windshield to identify which vehicles
correspond to which locations and present the AR displays
accordingly. It should be noted that although discussed in
reference to AR displays, embodiments within this disclosure can
also be facilitated by any type of vehicle display screen that may
be associated with a vehicle in which it is situated, e.g., a
windshield augmented overlay, a display separate from or embedded
in the vehicle, augmented reality goggles, glasses, or contact
lenses, a user equipment or other user device determined to be
within, or otherwise currently applicable to, the vehicle, etc.
[0036] Location and/or warning information can be either reported
by the vehicles to the edge node or the edge node can determine if
a vehicle is having safety issues based on a collaborative camera
system utilizing cameras of other vehicles.
[0037] In this regard, various embodiments herein describe
permitting vehicles and other mobile devices to collaboratively
identify potential road hazards (e.g., bad drivers, defective
vehicles, and/or other potentially unsafe situations and provide
reports and alerts as a result).
[0038] A number of video cameras can be in operation in an area at
a given point in time. They can be fixed (e.g., mounted), mobile
(e.g., a dash camera in a moving vehicle), and/or stationary (e.g.,
parking lot, building, a dash camera in a parked vehicle, etc.).
The cameras can provide a continuous video stream via an access
point to an edge node. The edge node can analyze the video in
real-time to identify irregularities in the environment that can
pose a danger. One such irregularity can be the detection of a
dangerous vehicle in the area. Since a potentially dangerous
vehicle can only be within the frame of a given camera for a short
period of time, a number of cameras can collaborate in order to
identify the vehicle as dangerous.
[0039] As an example, vehicles A, B, and C can each send a
continuous video feed to the edge node. The edge node can analyze
all feeds for irregularities. For instance, the analysis can
detect, e.g., that a vehicle D has changed lanes without signaling,
that vehicle D is traveling out of its lane, that vehicle D's
headlights are off during nighttime, that hazardous weather
conditions exist, and/or that it is following too closely to other
vehicles. In some circumstances, a number of vehicles can
collaborate to identify video irregularities that, in aggregate,
constitute a dangerous condition. Thresholds can be set such that a
number of irregularities must occur and/or a type of irregularity
must occur for a certain period of time to be determined to be a
dangerous condition. For example, if video footage depicts that
vehicle D has departed its lane four times, and the threshold for
lane departures is three times, then the system can flag vehicle D
as an unsafe vehicle. With this example threshold, past infractions
are counted toward exceeding the threshold since no time is
specified; however, the lane departures can also be analyzed with
regard to time. For example, a rule could be set such that the
vehicle must depart its lane four times within a one-minute time
frame. Thus, with this example rule, previous lane departures that
are not within the one-minute time frame can be deleted from
consideration for qualifying the vehicle as unsafe. Therefore, the
system can perform a recurring analysis taking into account
infractions within the most recent time frame. The time frame can
be previously set and/or determined based on other vehicle driver's
preferences. For example, an alert can be directed to a driver of a
vehicle when a nearby vehicle has departed its lane at least two
times within a previous thirty seconds. Thus, user preferences can
result in more or less stringent rules being enforced (e.g., relax
or tighten thresholds, times, etc.) than overall system default
settings, as facilitated by the edge node.
[0040] If a first vehicle's video feed analysis shows that another
vehicle has changed lanes without signaling, then the edge node can
tally the occurrence, and, if not detected again by any video feed,
then no dangerous condition is registered. However, if the analysis
of a second vehicle's video feed detects a lane change without a
signal at a later timestamp, then the edge node can register a
dangerous condition. It should also be noted that various
non-compliances (past instances when a driver and/or associated
vehicle have been non-compliant) can be used to generate an overall
noncompliance score in relation to the presumptive danger. For
instance, a lane departure coupled with inactive headlights can
invoke a higher non-compliance score than a lane departure and
following too closely to another vehicle. Similarly, a driver with
a high incidence of accidents can invoke a higher non-compliance
score when following too closely to another vehicle than a driver
without any accidents.
[0041] Similarly, analysis of a vehicle video can show another
vehicle is travelling out of its lane for a period of time. If the
duration of the combined times is sufficient, then the edge node
can register a dangerous condition. When the edge node registers a
dangerous condition, the edge node can assign the dangerous
condition to a specific vehicle. This vehicle model or profile can
include identifying traits such as license plate number and/or
distinctive markings. It can also include a make/model/color(s) of
vehicle by comparing an image capture to a stored library of
reference images. Optionally, the manufacturer's logo and model on
the exterior of the vehicle can be used to help identify the
vehicle if detected in the image. Other identifiable markings can
include company logos, custom art work, phone numbers, web sites,
damaged parts, e.g., bent fender, dragging muffler, broken
windshield, etc., for instance, on delivery or other service
vehicles.
[0042] It should also be noted that an artificial intelligence (AI)
component can facilitate automating one or more features in
accordance with the disclosed aspects. A memory and a processor as
well as other components can include functionality with regard to
the figures. The disclosed aspects in connection with facilitating
collaborative vehicle warnings can employ various AI-based schemes
for carrying out various aspects thereof. For example, a process
for detecting one or more trigger events, facilitating a video
capture as a result of the one or more trigger events, and/or
modifying one or more reported measurements, and so forth, can be
facilitated with an example automatic classifier system and
process. In another example, a process for penalizing one video
capture while preferring another video capture view can be
facilitated with the example automatic classifier system and
process.
[0043] An example classifier can be a function that maps an input
attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, xn), to a confidence that the
input belongs to a class, that is, f(x)=confidence(class). Such
classification can employ a probabilistic and/or statistical-based
analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysis utilities and costs) to
prognose or infer an action that can be automatically
performed.
[0044] A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier
that can be employed. The SVM can operate by finding a hypersurface
in the space of possible inputs, which the hypersurface attempts to
split the triggering criteria from the non-triggering events.
Intuitively, this makes the classification correct for testing data
that is near, but not identical to training data. Other directed
and undirected model classification approaches include, for
example, naive Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural
networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification
models providing different patterns of independence can be
employed. Classification as used herein also may be inclusive of
statistical regression that is utilized to develop models of
priority.
[0045] The disclosed aspects can employ classifiers that are
explicitly trained (e.g., via a generic training data) as well as
implicitly trained (e.g., via observing vehicle usage as it relates
to triggering events, observing network frequency/technology,
receiving extrinsic information, and so on). For example, SVMs can
be configured via a learning or training phase within a classifier
constructor and feature selection module. Thus, the classifier(s)
can be used to automatically learn and perform a number of
functions, including but not limited to modifying video captures,
modifying one or more reported vehicle measurements, and so forth.
The criteria can include, but is not limited to, predefined values,
frequency attenuation tables or other parameters, service provider
preferences and/or policies, and so on.
[0046] In one embodiment, described herein is a method comprising
receiving, by an edge node comprising a processor, first image data
representative of a first image of a first vehicle at a first time
associated with the first image. Based on the first image data, the
method can comprise determining that the first vehicle is
exhibiting a noncompliance with an operation rule applicable to the
first vehicle at the first time. The method can comprise receiving,
by the edge node, second image data representative of a second
image of the first vehicle at a second time after the first time.
Based on the second image data, the method can comprise determining
that the first vehicle is still exhibiting the noncompliance with
the operation rule at the second time. The method can comprise
determining, by the edge node, that a time difference between the
second time and the first time is greater than a threshold time
difference. Furthermore, in response to the determining that the
time difference is greater than the threshold time difference, the
method can comprise determining, by the edge node, that the first
vehicle is operating in an unsafe capacity as a result of continued
noncompliance with the operation rule from at least the first time
to at least the second time. Additionally, in response to the
determining that the first vehicle is operating in the unsafe
capacity, the method can comprise sending, by the edge node,
warning data representative of a warning to a second vehicle within
a defined proximity of the first vehicle.
[0047] According to another embodiment, network equipment can
facilitate receiving, from a first access point device, first image
data representative of a first image of a first vehicle at a first
time associated with the first image. Based on the first image
data, the network equipment can comprise determining that the first
vehicle has been noncompliant, at the first time, with an operation
rule applicable to the first vehicle. The network equipment can
comprise receiving, from a second access point device, second image
data representative of a second image of the first vehicle at a
second time after the first time, wherein the second image data was
recorded by a second vehicle. Based on the second image data, the
network equipment can comprise determining that the first vehicle
has remained noncompliant, at the second time, with the operation
rule applicable to the first vehicle. Additionally, in response to
determining that a difference between the first image data and the
second image data is greater than a threshold difference, the
network equipment can comprise determining that the first vehicle
is operating in a noncompliant mode. Furthermore, in response to
determining that the first vehicle is operating in the noncompliant
mode, the network equipment can comprise sending warning data
representative of a warning to a second vehicle via at least one of
the first access point device or the second access point
device.
[0048] According to yet another embodiment, described herein is a
machine-readable medium that can perform the operations comprising
receiving, from a first video capture device, first image data
representative of a first image a first vehicle that has been
determined to be noncompliant with an operation rule. After the
receiving the first image data, the machine-readable medium can
perform the operations comprising receiving, from a second video
capture device, second image data representative of a second image
of the first vehicle that has been determined to have remained
noncompliant with the operation rule. In response to receiving the
second image data, the machine-readable medium can perform the
operations comprising determining a number of times that the first
vehicle has been noncompliant with the operation rule. In response
to the number of times being determined to be greater than a
noncompliance threshold number, the machine-readable medium can
perform the operations comprising flagging the first vehicle as a
noncompliant vehicle. Furthermore, in response to the flagging, the
machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprising
facilitating sending warning data, representative of a warning, to
a second vehicle that has been determined to be a distance less
than a threshold distance in proximity to the first vehicle,
wherein the warning data comprises vehicle identification data
representative of a characteristic of the first vehicle.
[0049] These and other embodiments or implementations are described
in more detail below with reference to the drawings.
[0050] Referring now to FIG. 1, illustrated is an example wireless
communication system 100 in accordance with various aspects and
embodiments of the subject disclosure. In one or more embodiments,
system 100 can include one or more user equipment UEs 102. The
non-limiting term user equipment can refer to any type of device
that can communicate with a network node in a cellular or mobile
communication system. A UE can have one or more antenna panels
having vertical and horizontal elements. Examples of a UE include a
target device, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE
capable of machine to machine (M2M) communications, personal
digital assistant (PDA), tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone,
laptop mounted equipment (LME), universal serial bus (USB) dongles
enabled for mobile communications, a computer having mobile
capabilities, a mobile device such as cellular phone, a laptop
having laptop embedded equipment (LEE, such as a mobile broadband
adapter), a tablet computer having a mobile broadband adapter, a
wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a heads-up display
(HUD) device, a smart car, a machine-type communication (MTC)
device, and the like. User equipment UE 102 can also include IOT
devices that communicate wirelessly.
[0051] In various embodiments, system 100 is or includes a wireless
communication network serviced by one or more wireless
communication network providers. In example embodiments, a UE 102
can be communicatively coupled to the wireless communication
network via a network node 104. The network node (e.g., network
node device) can communicate with user equipment (UE), thus
providing connectivity between the UE and the wider cellular
network. The UE 102 can send transmission type recommendation data
to the network node 104. The transmission type recommendation data
can include a recommendation to transmit data via a closed loop
MIMO mode and/or a rank-1 precoder mode.
[0052] A network node can have a cabinet and other protected
enclosures, an antenna mast, and multiple antennas for performing
various transmission operations (e.g., MIMO operations). Network
nodes can serve several cells, also called sectors, depending on
the configuration and type of antenna. In example embodiments, the
UE 102 can send and/or receive communication data via a wireless
link to the network node 104. The dashed arrow lines from the
network node 104 to the UE 102 represent downlink (DL)
communications and the solid arrow lines from the UE 102 to the
network nodes 104 represents an uplink (UL) communication.
[0053] System 100 can further include one or more communication
service provider networks 106 that facilitate providing wireless
communication services to various UEs, including UE 102, via the
network node 104 and/or various additional network devices (not
shown) included in the one or more communication service provider
networks 106. The one or more communication service provider
networks 106 can include various types of disparate networks,
including but not limited to: cellular networks, femto networks,
picocell networks, microcell networks, internet protocol (IP)
networks Wi-Fi service networks, broadband service network,
enterprise networks, cloud-based networks, and the like. For
example, in at least one implementation, system 100 can be or
include a large-scale wireless communication network that spans
various geographic areas. According to this implementation, the one
or more communication service provider networks 106 can be or
include the wireless communication network and/or various
additional devices and components of the wireless communication
network (e.g., additional network devices and cell, additional UEs,
network server devices, etc.). The network node 104 can be
connected to the one or more communication service provider
networks 106 via one or more backhaul links 108. For example, the
one or more backhaul links 108 can include wired link components,
such as a T1/E1 phone line, a digital subscriber line (DSL) (e.g.,
either synchronous or asynchronous), an asymmetric DSL (ADSL), an
optical fiber backbone, a coaxial cable, and the like. The one or
more backhaul links 108 can also include wireless link components,
such as but not limited to, line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS links
which can include terrestrial air-interfaces or deep space links
(e.g., satellite communication links for navigation).
[0054] Wireless communication system 100 can employ various
cellular systems, technologies, and modulation modes to facilitate
wireless radio communications between devices (e.g., the UE 102 and
the network node 104). While example embodiments might be described
for 5G new radio (NR) systems, the embodiments can be applicable to
any radio access technology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the UE
operates using multiple carriers e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN,
CDMA2000 etc.
[0055] For example, system 100 can operate in accordance with
global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile
telecommunications service (UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE
frequency division duplexing (LTE FDD, LTE time division duplexing
(TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA), code division multiple
access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000, time division
multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA),
multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA),
single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA),
single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM), discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM
(DFT-spread OFDM) single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based
multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tail DFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM),
generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile
convergence (FMC), universal fixed mobile convergence (UFMC),
unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique word DFT-spread OFDM (UW
DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM,
resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like.
However, various features and functionalities of system 100 are
particularly described wherein the devices (e.g., the UEs 102 and
the network device 104) of system 100 are configured to communicate
wireless signals using one or more multi carrier modulation
schemes, wherein data symbols can be transmitted simultaneously
over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g., OFDM, CP-OFDM,
DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments are applicable
to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier
aggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation
(CA) is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) "multi-carrier
system", "multi-cell operation", "multi-carrier operation",
"multi-carrier" transmission and/or reception. Note that some
embodiments are also applicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on
some carriers (that is data plus speech is simultaneously
scheduled).
[0056] In various embodiments, system 100 can be configured to
provide wireless networking features and functionalities. For
example, in addition to the various types of data communication
between conventional UEs (e.g., phones, smartphones, tablets, PCs,
televisions, Internet enabled televisions, etc.) supported by 4G
networks, 5G and 6G networks can be employed to support data
communication between smart cars in association with driverless car
environments, as well as machine type communications (MTCs).
Considering the drastic different communication demands of these
different traffic scenarios, the ability to dynamically configure
waveform parameters based on traffic scenarios while retaining the
benefits of multi carrier modulation schemes (e.g., OFDM and
related schemes) can provide a significant contribution to the high
speed/capacity and low latency demands of wireless networks. With
waveforms that split the bandwidth into several sub-bands,
different types of services can be accommodated in different
sub-bands with the most suitable waveform and numerology, leading
to an improved spectrum utilization for wireless networks.
[0057] To meet the demand for data centric applications, features
wireless networks may include: increased peak bit rate (e.g., 20
Gbps), larger data volume per unit area (e.g., high system spectral
efficiency--for example about 3.5 times that of spectral efficiency
of long term evolution (LTE) systems), high capacity that allows
more device connectivity both concurrently and instantaneously,
lower battery/power consumption (which reduces energy and
consumption costs), better connectivity regardless of the
geographic region in which a user is located, a larger numbers of
devices, lower infrastructural development costs, and higher
reliability of the communications. Thus, wireless networks may
allow for: data rates of several tens of megabits per second should
be supported for tens of thousands of users, 1 gigabit per second
to be offered simultaneously to tens of workers on the same office
floor, for example; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous
connections to be supported for massive sensor deployments;
improved coverage, enhanced signaling efficiency; reduced latency
compared to LTE.
[0058] Currently, much of the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum,
the band of spectrum between 30 gigahertz (GHz) and 300 GHz is
underutilized. The millimeter waves have shorter wavelengths that
range from 10 millimeters to 1 millimeter, and these mmWave signals
experience severe path loss, penetration loss, and fading. However,
the shorter wavelength at mmWave frequencies also allows more
antennas to be packed in the same physical dimension, which allows
for large-scale spatial multiplexing and highly directional
beamforming.
[0059] Performance can be improved if both the transmitter and the
receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. Multi-antenna
techniques can significantly increase the data rates and
reliability of a wireless communication system. The use of multiple
input multiple output (MIMO) techniques, which was introduced in
the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) and has been in use
(including with LTE), is a multi-antenna technique that can improve
the spectral efficiency of transmissions, thereby significantly
boosting the overall data carrying capacity of wireless systems.
The use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques can
improve mmWave communications, and has been widely recognized a
potentially important component for access networks operating in
higher frequencies. MIMO can be used for achieving diversity gain,
spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain.
[0060] Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrated is an example schematic
system block diagram of an edge network 200 according to one or
more embodiments. The edge network 200 can comprise a cloud-based
architecture 202 by use of a cloud server 204 and a content
database 206. The cloud-based architecture 202 can be in
communication with one or more edge nodes (e.g., edge node 1, edge
node 2, edge node 3, etc.). It should be noted that although FIG. 2
depicts three edge nodes, any number of edge nodes are possible to
facilitate the spirit of this disclosure. The edge nodes can move
vehicle services to the edge, where they can provide content
caching, service delivery, storage, and/or IoT management resulting
in better response times and transfer rates ideal for autonomous
and non-autonomous vehicles. Each edge node 1, 2, 3 can comprise
its own server and content database to store relevant content. For
example, edge node 1 can comprise server 208 and content database
210, edge node 2 can comprise server 212 and content database 214,
and edge node 3 can comprise serer 216 and content database 218.
Access points 1, 2, 3 can be utilized to facilitate communication
from vehicles to edge nodes 1, 2, 3, respectively. For example,
vehicle A can communicate with the edge node 1 via the access point
1, such that, wireless services are readily available for vehicle
A. These wireless services can also be hosted at and/or
communicated over the cloud-based architecture 202 to the server
204 and content database 206. The edge nodes 1, 2, 3 can be
distributed in such a manner that when the vehicle A is out of
range (or nearing a range threshold) of the access point 1, the
access point 2 can begin communicating with the vehicle A such that
there is no disruption in any of the services that were being
provided to the vehicle A by the access point 2.
[0061] Referring now to FIG. 3, illustrated is an example schematic
system block diagram of an edge network collaborative warning
system 300 according to one or more embodiments.
[0062] Vehicle can comprise a video capture device, whereby if
vehicle A's video feed analysis shows that another vehicle (e.g.,
vehicle D) has changed lanes without signaling, then this video
feed data can be sent to edge node 1. The server 208 of edge node 1
can tally the occurrence(s) and if not detected again by any video
feed (e.g., from vehicle B, vehicle C, etc.), then no dangerous
condition is registered. However, if the analysis of vehicle B's
video feed (that has been sent to the edge node 1) detects another
lane change without a signal at a later timestamp, then edge node 1
can register a dangerous condition. It should also be noted that
various non-compliances (e.g., failure to signal, driving too fast
for conditions, no headlights, swerving, and/or other erratic or
illegal usage) can be used to generate an overall noncompliance
score in relation to the presumptive danger. For instance, a lane
departure coupled with inactive headlights can invoke a higher
non-compliance score than a lane departure and following too
closely to another vehicle. Based on the non-compliance score,
alerts can be sent to vehicles that are within a defined distance
from the non-compliant vehicle and/or attached to the same edge
node.
[0063] Additionally, edge node 1's analysis of vehicle A's video
can show that vehicle D is travelling out of its lane for a period
of time. However, vehicle A's camera may only be able to detect the
lane departure for a short period of time (e.g., t.sub.1-t.sub.2)
while it is in view. Edge node 1 can supplement the vehicle A video
with vehicle B's feed, which can shows that vehicle D is also
travelling out of its lane during another time (t.sub.2-t.sub.3).
If the duration of the combined times (e.g., t.sub.1-t.sub.3) is
sufficient (meets a defined threshold), then edge node 1 can
register a dangerous condition. It should also be noted that the
edge node 1 can request the additional from vehicle B and/or the
additional video from vehicle B can automatically be sent to the
edge node 1 upon capture.
[0064] When edge node 1 registers a dangerous condition, it can
assign the dangerous condition to a specific vehicle (e.g., vehicle
D). In the examples where vehicle D is the vehicle in
non-compliance, the edge node 1 can create a model describing the
vehicle. This model can include identifying traits such as license
plate number and/or distinctive markings (e.g., dents, accident
damage, bumper stickers, etc.). It can also include a make, model,
model, and/or color of vehicle by comparing an image capture to a
stored library (e.g., at contend database 210 and/or content
database 206) of reference images. The image capture can also be
shared with other edge nodes to assist in identification of the
vehicle by comparing the image to other stored images of the other
edge node databases. Optionally, the manufacturer's logo, model,
and color(s) on the exterior of the vehicle can be used to help
identify the vehicle if detected in the image. Other identifiable
markings can include company logos, damaged parts, for instance, on
delivery or other service vehicles. Further, some vehicles exhibit
a signature sound, e.g., due to dis-repair or custom features,
which can become part of a vehicle profile, where sound is
available as input as well as video.
[0065] Referring now to FIG. 4, illustrated is an example schematic
system block diagram of an augmented reality view 400 of a vehicle
warning according to one or more embodiments.
[0066] Additionally, surrounding drivers can be alerted of the
potentially dangerous vehicle D. One means for doing so can be to
present an overlay on a rear-view electronic display, an augmented
reality display, and/or any display within the vehicle that is
perceivable by the driver of the vehicle. For instance, the image
of the display can be analyzed to identify the vehicle matching the
data model of the dangerous vehicle D. When a match is found, an
alert can be presented to the driver of another vehicle (e.g.,
vehicle B). Optionally, an audible alert can be presented such as,
"Caution: swerving vehicle approaching from behind". The overall
solution presented can also be used for other types of vehicles
such as autonomous vehicles and drones.
[0067] The vehicles can also communicate other publicly viewable
information to the edge nodes and thereby make it available to
other vehicles. This information can be matched against a database
such as an abduction alert system (e.g., AMBER alert) listing to
identify vehicles being sought. Alternatively, if a vehicle is
being sought in a specific area, the identifying information for
the vehicle can be pushed to the edge node (e.g., edge node 2, edge
node 3) and then sent to the respective access points to be sent to
vehicles within that area for faster processing. Consequently, an
alert system, such as the augmented reality view 400, overlay can
be displayed as a result.
[0068] Passengers in non-compliant vehicles (e.g., vehicle D) can
also send display data that they wish to have presented to other
vehicles. For instance, if someone has been kidnapped and/or feels
unsafe. This data can be sent from the UE 102, that is within the
vehicle D, to the edge nodes. This data can include text, image,
audio, video, other media, and/or a request that a nearby camera
(e.g., vehicle camera, stationary camera, drone camera, etc.) begin
recording the vehicle D. The passenger's UE 102 can be associated
with the vehicle they are riding in based on GPS, near-field
communication (e.g., the UE 102 is communicating with vehicle D via
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or some other wireless communication).
[0069] Likewise, if the edge node detects (based on video feeds
from other vehicles) that vehicle D is on a path for a collision,
the edge node can calculate the best paths for nearby autonomous
and non-autonomous vehicles (e.g., vehicle A, B, and/or D) to take
to avoid a collision. These instructions can be sent to each
affected vehicle. In the case of autonomous vehicle, the edge node
can immediately invoke an auto pilot mode and send instructions to
the vehicle(s) to perform an evasive maneuver. The same or similar
instruction can be provided to the driver of a non-autonomous
vehicle to facilitate a manual maneuver.
[0070] Referring now to FIG. 5 illustrates an example schematic
system block diagram of an edge network collaborative system 500
according to one or more embodiments.
[0071] In another example, vehicle D can self-report its presence
and/or any non-compliances to edge node 1. Vehicle D can comprise a
mobile app, for instance, that periodically registers with edge
node 1 (and/or other edge nodes when in range). Vehicle D can send
data in a registration format such as a vehicle identification (ID)
number, a driver ID, a company ID, current speed, destination,
and/or other data. This can be the case, for example, for vehicles
that use a tracking app for a fleet or as part of a ride-sharing
service. For vehicles that are part of a fleet, a dangerous
condition, once detected and assigned to a specific vehicle, can be
reported to a central point, such as the company's operations
center. The report can include a description of the condition
detected, the make/model/color, license plate, VIN, driver ID,
and/or other data. Once the condition is detected, the driver of
the vehicle can be alerted. An alert can be sent from edge node 1
to vehicle D (via access point 1) for presentation to the driver
via a visual display or audible readout. Additionally, this
information can be shared, via the cloud-based infrastructure 202,
with other geographically remote user devices 502. For instance, a
fleet manager can be alerted of any non-compliances, once a
threshold of non-compliances has been satisfied, and/or the types
of non-compliances because this data can be sent to the fleet
manager via the remote user device 502.
[0072] Referring now to FIG. 6, illustrated is an example flow
diagram for a method for facilitating collaborative vehicle
warnings according to one or more embodiments.
[0073] At element 600, the method can comprise receiving, by an
edge node comprising a processor, first image data representative
of a first image of a first vehicle at a first time associated with
the first image. Based on the first image data, at element 602, the
method can comprise determining that the first vehicle is
exhibiting a noncompliance with an operation rule applicable to the
first vehicle at the first time. At element 604, the method can
comprise receiving, by the edge node, second image data
representative of a second image of the first vehicle at a second
time after the first time. Based on the second image data, at
element 606, the method can comprise determining that the first
vehicle is still exhibiting the noncompliance with the operation
rule at the second time. At element 608, the method can comprise
determining, by the edge node, that a time difference between the
second time and the first time is greater than a threshold time
difference. Furthermore, at element 610, in response to the
determining that the time difference is greater than the threshold
time difference, the method can comprise determining, by the edge
node, that the first vehicle is operating in an unsafe capacity as
a result of continued noncompliance with the operation rule from at
least the first time to at least the second time. Additionally, at
element 612, in response to the determining that the first vehicle
is operating in the unsafe capacity, the method can comprise
sending, by the edge node, warning data representative of a warning
to a second vehicle within a defined proximity of the first
vehicle.
[0074] Referring now to FIG. 7, illustrated is an example flow
diagram for network equipment for facilitating collaborative
vehicle warnings according to one or more embodiments.
[0075] At element 700, the network equipment can facilitate
receiving, from a first access point device, first image data
representative of a first image of a first vehicle at a first time
associated with the first image. Based on the first image data, at
element 702, the network equipment can comprise determining that
the first vehicle has been noncompliant, at the first time, with an
operation rule applicable to the first vehicle. At element 704, the
network equipment can comprise receiving, from a second access
point device, second image data representative of a second image of
the first vehicle at a second time after the first time, wherein
the second image data was recorded by a second vehicle. Based on
the second image data, at element 706, the network equipment can
comprise determining that the first vehicle has remained
noncompliant, at the second time, with the operation rule
applicable to the first vehicle. Additionally, at element 708, in
response to determining that a difference between the first image
data and the second image data is greater than a threshold
difference, the network equipment can comprise determining that the
first vehicle is operating in a noncompliant mode. Furthermore, at
element 710, in response to determining that the first vehicle is
operating in the noncompliant mode, the network equipment can
comprise sending warning data representative of a warning to a
second vehicle via at least one of the first access point device or
the second access point device.
[0076] Referring now to FIG. 8, illustrated is an example flow
diagram for a machine-readable medium for facilitating
collaborative vehicle warnings according to one or more
embodiments.
[0077] At element 800, the machine-readable medium can perform the
operations comprising receiving, from a first video capture device,
first image data representative of a first image a first vehicle
that has been determined to be noncompliant with an operation rule.
After the receiving the first image data, at element 802, the
machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprising
receiving, from a second video capture device, second image data
representative of a second image of the first vehicle that has been
determined to have remained noncompliant with the operation rule.
In response to receiving the second image data, at element 804, the
machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprising
determining a number of times that the first vehicle has been
noncompliant with the operation rule. In response to the number of
times being determined to be greater than a noncompliance threshold
number, at element 806, the machine-readable medium can perform the
operations comprising flagging the first vehicle as a noncompliant
vehicle. Furthermore, at element 808, in response to the flagging,
the machine-readable medium can perform the operations comprising
facilitating sending warning data, representative of a warning, to
a second vehicle that has been determined to be a distance less
than a threshold distance in proximity to the first vehicle,
wherein the warning data comprises vehicle identification data
representative of a characteristic of the first vehicle.
[0078] Referring now to FIG. 9, illustrated is a schematic block
diagram of an exemplary end-user device such as a mobile device 900
capable of connecting to a network in accordance with some
embodiments described herein. Although a mobile handset 900 is
illustrated herein, it will be understood that other devices can be
a mobile device, and that the mobile handset 900 is merely
illustrated to provide context for the embodiments of the various
embodiments described herein. The following discussion is intended
to provide a brief, general description of an example of a suitable
environment 900 in which the various embodiments can be
implemented. While the description includes a general context of
computer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable
medium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation
also can be implemented in combination with other program modules
and/or as a combination of hardware and software.
[0079] Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include
routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform
particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods
described herein can be practiced with other system configurations,
including single-processor or multiprocessor systems,
minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers,
hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable
consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be
operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.
[0080] A computing device can typically include a variety of
machine-readable media. Machine-readable media can be any available
media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both
volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.
By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable media can
include computer storage media and communication media. Computer
storage media can include volatile and/or non-volatile media,
removable and/or non-removable media implemented in any method or
technology for storage of information, such as computer-readable
instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.
Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to, RAM,
ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD ROM,
digital video disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic
cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic
storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the
desired information and which can be accessed by the computer.
[0081] Communication media typically embodies computer-readable
instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a
modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport
mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. The term
"modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its
characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode
information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation,
communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or
direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF,
infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the
above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable
media.
[0082] The handset 900 includes a processor 902 for controlling and
processing all onboard operations and functions. A memory 904
interfaces to the processor 902 for storage of data and one or more
applications 906 (e.g., a video player software, user feedback
component software, etc.). Other applications can include voice
recognition of predetermined voice commands that facilitate
initiation of the user feedback signals. The applications 906 can
be stored in the memory 904 and/or in a firmware 908, and executed
by the processor 902 from either or both the memory 904 or/and the
firmware 908. The firmware 908 can also store startup code for
execution in initializing the handset 900. A communications
component 910 interfaces to the processor 902 to facilitate
wired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellular
networks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications
component 910 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 911
(e.g., a GSM transceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 913
(e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax) for corresponding signal communications. The
handset 900 can be a device such as a cellular telephone, a PDA
with mobile communications capabilities, and messaging-centric
devices. The communications component 910 also facilitates
communications reception from terrestrial radio networks (e.g.,
broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, and Internet-based
radio services networks.
[0083] The handset 900 includes a display 912 for displaying text,
images, video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function),
setup functions, and for user input. For example, the display 912
can also be referred to as a "screen" that can accommodate the
presentation of multimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages,
wallpaper, graphics, etc.). The display 912 can also display videos
and can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video
quotes. A serial I/O interface 914 is provided in communication
with the processor 902 to facilitate wired and/or wireless serial
communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE 1394) through a hardwire
connection, and other serial input devices (e.g., a keyboard,
keypad, and mouse). This supports updating and troubleshooting the
handset 900, for example. Audio capabilities are provided with an
audio I/O component 916, which can include a speaker for the output
of audio signals related to, for example, indication that the user
pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the user
feedback signal. The audio I/O component 916 also facilitates the
input of audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or
telephony voice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone
conversations.
[0084] The handset 900 can include a slot interface 918 for
accommodating a SIC (Subscriber Identity Component) in the form
factor of a card Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or universal SIM
920, and interfacing the SIM card 920 with the processor 902.
However, it is to be appreciated that the SIM card 920 can be
manufactured into the handset 900, and updated by downloading data
and software.
[0085] The handset 900 can process IP data traffic through the
communication component 910 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP
network such as, for example, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a
home network, a person area network, etc., through an ISP or
broadband cable provider. Thus, VoIP traffic can be utilized by the
handset 900 and IP-based multimedia content can be received in
either an encoded or decoded format.
[0086] A video processing component 922 (e.g., a camera) can be
provided for decoding encoded multimedia content. The video
processing component 922 can aid in facilitating the generation,
editing and sharing of video quotes. The handset 900 also includes
a power source 924 in the form of batteries and/or an AC power
subsystem, which power source 924 can interface to an external
power system or charging equipment (not shown) by a power I/O
component 926.
[0087] The handset 900 can also include a video component 930 for
processing video content received and, for recording and
transmitting video content. For example, the video component 930
can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes.
A location tracking component 932 facilitates geographically
locating the handset 900. As described hereinabove, this can occur
when the user initiates the feedback signal automatically or
manually. A user input component 934 facilitates the user
initiating the quality feedback signal. The user input component
934 can also facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of
video quotes. The user input component 934 can include such
conventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard,
mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example.
[0088] Referring again to the applications 906, a hysteresis
component 936 facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis
data, which is utilized to determine when to associate with the
access point. A software trigger component 938 can be provided that
facilitates triggering of the hysteresis component 938 when the
Wi-Fi transceiver 913 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP
client 940 enables the handset 900 to support SIP protocols and
register the subscriber with the SIP registrar server. The
applications 906 can also include a client 942 that provides at
least the capability of discovery, play and store of multimedia
content, for example, music.
[0089] The handset 900, as indicated above related to the
communications component 910, includes an indoor network radio
transceiver 913 (e.g., Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports
the indoor radio link, such as IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM
handset 900. The handset 900 can accommodate at least satellite
radio services through a handset that can combine wireless voice
and digital radio chipsets into a single handheld device.
[0090] In order to provide additional context for various
embodiments described herein, FIG. 10 and the following discussion
are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable
computing environment 1000 in which the various embodiments of the
embodiment described herein can be implemented. While the
embodiments have been described above in the general context of
computer-executable instructions that can run on one or more
computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the
embodiments can be also implemented in combination with other
program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and
software.
[0091] Generally, program modules include routines, programs,
components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or
implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled
in the art will appreciate that the disclosed methods can be
practiced with other computer system configurations, including
single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers,
mainframe computers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, distributed
computing systems, as well as personal computers, hand-held
computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer
electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled
to one or more associated devices.
[0092] The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be
also practiced in distributed computing environments where certain
tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked
through a communications network. In a distributed computing
environment, program modules can be located in both local and
remote memory storage devices.
[0093] Computing devices typically include a variety of media,
which can include computer-readable media, machine-readable media,
and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein
differently from one another as follows. Computer-readable media or
machine-readable media can be any available media that can be
accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile
media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and
not limitation, computer-readable media or machine-readable media
can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for
storage of information such as computer-readable or
machine-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or
unstructured data.
[0094] Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not
limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM),
electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash
memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory
(CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) or other
optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic
disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, solid state drives
or other solid state storage devices, or other tangible and/or
non-transitory media which can be used to store desired
information. In this regard, the terms "tangible" or
"non-transitory" herein as applied to storage, memory or
computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only
propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not
relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or
computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory
signals per se.
[0095] Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or
more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests,
queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of
operations with respect to the information stored by the
medium.
[0096] Communications media typically embody computer-readable
instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured
or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data
signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and
includes any information delivery or transport media. The term
"modulated data signal" or signals refers to a signal that has one
or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as
to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example,
and not limitation, communication media include wired media, such
as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media
such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
[0097] With reference again to FIG. 10, the example environment
1000 for implementing various embodiments of the aspects described
herein includes a computer 1002, the computer 1002 including a
processing unit 1004, a system memory 1006 and a system bus 1008.
The system bus 1008 couples system components including, but not
limited to, the system memory 1006 to the processing unit 1004. The
processing unit 1004 can be any of various commercially available
processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor
architectures can also be employed as the processing unit 1004.
[0098] The system bus 1008 can be any of several types of bus
structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or
without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus
using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures.
The system memory 1006 includes ROM 1010 and RAM 1012. A basic
input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory
such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM),
EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to
transfer information between elements within the computer 1002,
such as during startup. The RAM 1012 can also include a high-speed
RAM such as static RAM for caching data.
[0099] The computer 1002 further includes an internal hard disk
drive (HDD) 1014 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage
devices 1016 (e.g., a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1016, a
memory stick or flash drive reader, a memory card reader, etc.) and
an optical disk drive 1020 (e.g., which can read or write from a
CD-ROM disc, a DVD, a BD, etc.). While the internal HDD 1014 is
illustrated as located within the computer 1002, the internal HDD
1014 can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis
(not shown). Additionally, while not shown in environment 1000, a
solid state drive (SSD) could be used in addition to, or in place
of, an HDD 1014. The HDD 1014, external storage device(s) 1016 and
optical disk drive 1020 can be connected to the system bus 1008 by
an HDD interface 1024, an external storage interface 1026 and an
optical drive interface 1028, respectively. The interface 1024 for
external drive implementations can include at least one or both of
Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other
external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of
the embodiments described herein.
[0100] The drives and their associated computer-readable storage
media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures,
computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer
1002, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any
data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of
computer-readable storage media above refers to respective types of
storage devices, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the
art that other types of storage media which are readable by a
computer, whether presently existing or developed in the future,
could also be used in the example operating environment, and
further, that any such storage media can contain
computer-executable instructions for performing the methods
described herein.
[0101] A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and
RAM 1012, including an operating system 1030, one or more
application programs 1032, other program modules 1034 and program
data 1036. All or portions of the operating system, applications,
modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM 1012. The
systems and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing
various commercially available operating systems or combinations of
operating systems.
[0102] Computer 1002 can optionally include emulation technologies.
For example, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary can
emulate a hardware environment for operating system 1030, and the
emulated hardware can optionally be different from the hardware
illustrated in FIG. 10. In such an embodiment, operating system
1030 can include one virtual machine (VM) of multiple VMs hosted at
computer 1002. Furthermore, operating system 1030 can provide
runtime environments, such as the Java runtime environment or the
.NET framework, for applications 1032. Runtime environments are
consistent execution environments that allow applications 1032 to
run on any operating system that includes the runtime environment.
Similarly, operating system 1030 can support containers, and
applications 1032 can be in the form of containers, which are
lightweight, standalone, executable packages of software that
include, e.g., code, runtime, system tools, system libraries and
settings for an application.
[0103] Further, computer 1002 can be enable with a security module,
such as a trusted processing module (TPM). For instance with a TPM,
boot components hash next in time boot components, and wait for a
match of results to secured values, before loading a next boot
component. This process can take place at any layer in the code
execution stack of computer 1002, e.g., applied at the application
execution level or at the operating system (OS) kernel level,
thereby enabling security at any level of code execution.
[0104] A user can enter commands and information into the computer
1002 through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a
keyboard 1038, a touch screen 1040, and a pointing device, such as
a mouse 1042. Other input devices (not shown) can include a
microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a radio frequency (RF)
remote control, or other remote control, a joystick, a virtual
reality controller and/or virtual reality headset, a game pad, a
stylus pen, an image input device, e.g., camera(s), a gesture
sensor input device, a vision movement sensor input device, an
emotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device, e.g.,
fingerprint or iris scanner, or the like. These and other input
devices are often connected to the processing unit 1004 through an
input device interface 1044 that can be coupled to the system bus
1008, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel
port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR
interface, a BLUETOOTH.RTM. interface, etc.
[0105] A monitor 1046 or other type of display device can be also
connected to the system bus 1008 via an interface, such as a video
adapter 1048. In addition to the monitor 1046, a computer typically
includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as
speakers, printers, etc.
[0106] The computer 1002 can operate in a networked environment
using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications
to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1050.
The remote computer(s) 1050 can be a workstation, a server
computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer,
microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or
other common network node, and typically includes many or all of
the elements described relative to the computer 1002, although, for
purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 1052 is
illustrated. The logical connections depicted include
wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1054
and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1056. Such
LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and
companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such
as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications
network, e.g., the Internet.
[0107] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1002
can be connected to the local network 1054 through a wired and/or
wireless communication network interface or adapter 1058. The
adapter 1058 can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the
LAN 1054, which can also include a wireless access point (AP)
disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 1058 in a
wireless mode.
[0108] When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1002
can include a modem 1060 or can be connected to a communications
server on the WAN 1056 via other means for establishing
communications over the WAN 1056, such as by way of the Internet.
The modem 1060, which can be internal or external and a wired or
wireless device, can be connected to the system bus 1008 via the
input device interface 1044. In a networked environment, program
modules depicted relative to the computer 1002 or portions thereof,
can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 1052. It will be
appreciated that the network connections shown are example and
other means of establishing a communications link between the
computers can be used.
[0109] When used in either a LAN or WAN networking environment, the
computer 1002 can access cloud storage systems or other
network-based storage systems in addition to, or in place of,
external storage devices 1016 as described above. Generally, a
connection between the computer 1002 and a cloud storage system can
be established over a LAN 1054 or WAN 1056 e.g., by the adapter
1058 or modem 1060, respectively. Upon connecting the computer 1002
to an associated cloud storage system, the external storage
interface 1026 can, with the aid of the adapter 1058 and/or modem
1060, manage storage provided by the cloud storage system as it
would other types of external storage. For instance, the external
storage interface 1026 can be configured to provide access to cloud
storage sources as if those sources were physically connected to
the computer 1002.
[0110] The computer 1002 can be operable to communicate with any
wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless
communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable
computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any
piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly
detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, store shelf, etc.), and
telephone. This can include Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and
BLUETOOTH.RTM. wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can
be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply
an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.
[0111] The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless
devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,
e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer,
portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of
equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag
(e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and telephone. This includes
at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.TM. wireless technologies. Thus, the
communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional
network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two
devices.
[0112] Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the
Internet from a couch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a
conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless
technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such
devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out;
anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use
radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, etc.) to provide
secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can
be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to
wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks
operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at an 11 Mbps
(802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, for example, or with
products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can
provide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired
Ethernet networks used in many offices.
[0113] The above description of illustrated embodiments of the
subject disclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is
not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments
to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and
examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various
modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of
such embodiments and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art
can recognize.
[0114] In this regard, while the subject matter has been described
herein in connection with various embodiments and corresponding
FIGS., where applicable, it is to be understood that other similar
embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made
to the described embodiments for performing the same, similar,
alternative, or substitute function of the disclosed subject matter
without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the disclosed subject
matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described
herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in
accordance with the appended claims below.
* * * * *