U.S. patent application number 17/288377 was filed with the patent office on 2021-12-09 for a less-lethal device.
The applicant listed for this patent is BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.. Invention is credited to Andre Johann BUYS.
Application Number | 20210381796 17/288377 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005854404 |
Filed Date | 2021-12-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210381796 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BUYS; Andre Johann |
December 9, 2021 |
A LESS-LETHAL DEVICE
Abstract
This invention relates to mechanisms and components of a less
lethal device, including a magazine configured to house a plurality
of projectiles in a "staggered" configuration, a barrel
displacement mechanism, a projectile release mechanism and load
indicator, a projectile detent, and a loading mechanism. The
magazine comprises a hollow body with a first closed end and a
second end with an opening through which projectiles are received
into or from the body; a first follower which is displaceable from
the first end in a direction of the second end for a first
distance, the first follower being biased in the direction of the
second end; and a second follower which is displaceable from the
first end in the direction of the second end for a second distance,
the second follower being biased in the direction of the second end
and wherein the first distance exceeds the second distance.
Inventors: |
BUYS; Andre Johann;
(Pretoria, ZA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
Andover |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005854404 |
Appl. No.: |
17/288377 |
Filed: |
October 24, 2019 |
PCT Filed: |
October 24, 2019 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/IB2019/059107 |
371 Date: |
April 23, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62749897 |
Oct 24, 2018 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41B 11/62 20130101;
F41A 9/70 20130101; F41A 9/69 20130101; F41B 11/723 20130101; F41B
11/55 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F41B 11/55 20060101
F41B011/55; F41B 11/62 20060101 F41B011/62; F41B 11/723 20060101
F41B011/723; F41A 9/69 20060101 F41A009/69; F41A 9/70 20060101
F41A009/70 |
Claims
1.-18. (canceled)
19. A magazine for a plurality of substantially spherical
projectiles, comprising: an elongate hollow body defining an
internal cavity for receiving the projectiles, the body having a
first closed end and a second end defining an opening operatively
through which projectiles are received into or from the internal
cavity; a ridge formation projecting from a side wall of the body,
from proximate the first end towards the second end so that a first
and second adjoining and substantially cylindrical channels are
defined thereby; a follower which is displaceable from a first
position within the first channel and proximate the first end, to a
second position proximate the opening, the follower being biased to
the second position; and a catch formation located proximate the
opening and mounted to the body, the catch formation comprising a
stopper which is displaceable between a first position relative to
the opening, in which the stopper obstructs a portion of opening so
that a projectile is inhibited of moving through the opening and a
second position relative to the opening, in which the opening is
not obstructed by the stopper, so that a projectile is allowed to
pass through the opening, the catch formation mounted to an outside
of the body.
20-21. (canceled)
22. The magazine of claim 19, wherein a guide formation is provided
for guiding the follower relative to the body during displacement
between the first and second positions.
23. The magazine of claim 22, wherein the guide formation comprises
a groove formed on one of the body and the follower, and a ridge or
protuberance formed on the other one of the body and the follower,
the ridge or protuberance in use received within the groove.
24. The magazine of claim 23, wherein the follower is biased
towards the second position by a biasing means which is fixed to
the first end, and extends along the first channel when the
follower is in the second position and is inhibited from deflecting
into a second channel.
25.-26. (canceled)
27. The magazine of claim 24, wherein a neck of the body is formed
proximate the second end, the neck defining an internal passage
similar in shape and size as the opening with the follower sized
such that a portion thereof protrudes at least partially into the
neck of the body when the follower is in the second position.
28. The magazine of claim 27, wherein the follower comprises a
substantially convex outer surface arranged to operatively urge
against a projectile received through the opening.
29. The magazine of claim 28, wherein the first and second channels
extend substantially parallel to each other and intersect each
other along a length thereof, such that a projectile operatively
received within the first channel projects partially into the
second channel, and such that a projectile operatively received
within the second channel projects partially into the first
channel.
30.-32. (canceled)
33. The magazine of claim 19, wherein the catch formation is
pivotably mounted to the outside of the body, so that the stopper
is pivotable between the first and second positions.
34. The magazine of claim 33, wherein the stopper is biased towards
the first position by a biasing means which is in the form of a
torsion spring.
35. (canceled)
36. The magazine of claim 34, wherein the catch formation has an
actuation surface for cooperating, in use, with an actuator
situated within a body of a less-lethal device, so that when the
magazine is inserted into the body, the actuator urges against the
actuation surface to thereby cause the catch formation to be
pivoted to the second position.
37.-48. (canceled)
49. A less-lethal device into which the magazine of claim 1 is
operatively received, the less-lethal device comprising a release
mechanism for releasing the projectile held by a receiving
projection of a release valve thereof, the release mechanism
comprising an indicator body which is fixed to a body of the device
such that a portion of the indicator body projects to an outside of
the body of the device, wherein the indicator body is displaceable
between an elevated position in which the indicator body stands
proud of the body of the device, and a lowered position, the
configuration being such that the indicator body is displaced to
the elevated position when a projectile is held by the receiving
portion, so that when the indicator body is urged towards the
lowered position, a force is exerted on the projectile.
50. The release mechanism of claim 49, wherein the receiving
projection comprises a displaceable release body which is
operatively provided in contact with the projectile.
51. The release mechanism of claim 50, wherein a contact portion of
the indicator body urges against the release body, such that when
the indicator body is displaced to the lowered position, the
release body is displaced thereby.
52. The release mechanism of claim 50, wherein the release body is
pivotably fixed to the receiving projection.
53. The release mechanism of claim 49, wherein the indicator body
is pivotably fixed to the body of the device.
54. The release mechanism of claim 53, wherein the indicator body
is arranged to rest on the release body.
55. The release mechanism of claim 54, wherein the indicator body
is arranged to be lifted from the release body when a barrel moves
to a second or rearward position relative to the receiving
projection.
56.-84. (canceled)
85. The release mechanism of claim 51, wherein the release body is
pivotably fixed to the receiving projection.
86. The release mechanism of claim 50, wherein the indicator body
is pivotably fixed to the body of the device.
87. The release mechanism of claim 51, wherein the indicator body
is pivotably fixed to the body of the device.
Description
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
[0001] This invention relates to a less-lethal device. More
particularly, the invention relates to various mechanisms and
components of a less lethal device, including a magazine configured
to house a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles in a
"staggered" configuration, a magazine including a catch formation,
a barrel displacement mechanism, a projectile release mechanism and
load indicator, a projectile detent, and a loading mechanism.
[0002] The use of lethal force by law enforcement agencies or
personnel, private security companies, or even private citizens as
defensive or self-defensive measures is generally met with dissent.
Internationally, legislative and regulatory requirements generally
tend to dissuade the use of lethal force, and instead tends towards
defensive regimes in the less-lethal sphere.
[0003] For example, currently in the USA, proposed legislative
changes seek to require law enforcement personnel to use
less-lethal force to incapacitate an attacker, before resorting to
lethal force.
[0004] In most cases, the effective range or accuracy of known or
currently available less-lethal devices render these devices
ineffective. Best known examples include tasers and lachrymatory
substances such as mace (also known as pepper spray). Tasers are
accurate and effective to a maximum of 15 feet. This falls within
the currently permissible "shoot to kill" range of 21 feet.
Consequently, the current less-lethal devices' inefficiency,
inaccuracy and in-utility seem to render adherence to the proposed
legislative provisions impractical. In some cases, the use of
tasers are viewed as excessive use of force, and annually, as many
as a thousand "wrongful deaths" are attributable to the use of
tasers in an attempt to use less-lethal force by law enforcement
agencies.
[0005] Also available are launchers (similar to paintball guns)
shooting frangible projectiles filled with a lachrymatory
substance. Even though these devices have increased ranges, they
remain notoriously inaccurate, especially due to manufacturing
imperfections and instability of the projectiles. These launchers
are furthermore bulky and ergonomically unfriendly when carried on
the person or when being handled.
[0006] One way to improve the accuracy of projectiles, is to impart
spin to the projectile as it is launched. This is achieved by
utilising launchers comprising rifled barrels. However, the use of
rifled barrels usually falls within the purview of legislative
provisions or bodies, such as the ATF (The Bureau of
[0007] Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives).
[0008] A need exists for a less-lethal device, capable of
temporarily incapacitating a person effectively at a range
exceeding that of currently available less lethal devices. A need
furthermore exists for a compact and ergonomically friendly
less-lethal projectile launcher that does not fall within the
purview of legislative provisions or bodies, suitable for use by
law enforcement agencies, correctional services, the military and
civilians alike.
[0009] Known less-lethal devices, such as less-lethal pistols
comprise a body with a grip portion, a barrel, a canister of
compressed gas, a valve assembly arranged to vent gas to propel a
projectile received within the barrel upon actuation by a firing
mechanism (or trigger).
[0010] In a bid to reduce the overall size of the less-lethal
device, the canister, which comprises a sealed mouth, is received
within the body, and a puncture mechanism is provided for
puncturing the sealed mouth, to allow compressed gas to flow
towards the valve assembly.
[0011] Magazines of less-lethal devices that use spherical
projectiles have very limited capacity and are often bulky and
complex. Double or staggered stacking of spherical projectiles
presents many problems, particularly because of small contact areas
between subsequent projectiles. This often causes jamming of the
spherical projectiles as they are unloaded from the magazine. To
overcome this, complex followers that pivot to urge a last
projectile from the magazine are sometimes used. This however adds
complexity and unreliability to the design of the magazine.
[0012] The length of the barrel of a weapon impacts on the accuracy
thereof. A trade-off between the length of the barrel and the
overall size of the weapon therefore has to be found. The effective
length of the barrel is negatively impacted when the projectile is
loaded from a magazine and effectively pushed forwards into the
rear or the breech of the barrel. A need therefore exists for a
mechanism that allows the loading of a projectile, especially an
elongate projectile, from a magazine, into a barrel of the device,
whilst simultaneously ensuring that an effective length of the
barrel can be as long as possible, whilst keeping the overall
dimensions of the device as compact as possible.
[0013] As projectiles are received within the barrel of a device,
they often tend to fall from the barrel before the trigger is
pulled. Alternatively, in some cases, upon further "loading" of the
device, more than one projectile is simultaneously loaded into the
barrel. Both of these instances negate the use of the device.
[0014] Throughout this specification, a follower, when used in
relation to a magazine of a weapon, will be understood to relate to
a displaceable actuating member within the magazine, provided to
urge projectiles received within the magazine towards a mouth of
the magazine.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0015] It is an object of the present invention to provide various
components and mechanisms of a less-lethal device with which the
applicant believes the aforementioned disadvantages may at least be
alleviated or which may provide a useful alternative for the known
arrangements and methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] According to a first aspect of the invention there is
provided a magazine for a plurality of substantially spherical
projectiles, comprising: [0017] an elongate hollow body with a
first closed end and a second end with an opening therein
operatively through which projectiles are received into or from the
body; [0018] a first follower which is displaceable from proximate
the first end in a direction of the second end for a first
distance, the first follower being biased in the direction of the
second end; and [0019] a second follower which is displaceable from
proximate the first end in the direction of the second end for a
second distance, the second follower being biased in the direction
of the second end and wherein the first distance exceeds the second
distance.
[0020] The second follower may be inhibited from being displaced
beyond a predetermined position along the length of the body. The
first follower may be allowed to be displaced beyond the
predetermined position towards the second end.
[0021] A guide formation may be provided for guiding the second
follower relative to the body during displacement. The guide
formation may comprise a groove formed on one of the body and the
second follower, and a ridge or protuberance formed on the other
one of the body and the second follower, the ridge or protuberance
in use received within the groove.
[0022] When the first and second followers are located proximate
the first end, the first and second followers may be situated
side-by-side. A cross sectional dimension of the body towards the
first end may exceed a cross-sectional dimension of the body
towards the second end. Portions of opposing outer walls of the
body located between the first end and the predetermined position
may be substantially parallel to each other. Portions of the
opposing walls of the body beyond the predetermined position in the
direction of the second end may converge towards each other. A neck
of the body may be formed proximate the second end, the neck
defining an internal passage similar in shape and size to the
opening. The opening may be substantially circular, and may be
sized to allow the projectile to move through the opening without
obstruction.
[0023] The first follower may be sized such that a portion of the
first follower may protrude at least partially into the neck. The
first follower may have a convex outer surface arranged to
operatively urge against a projectile received through the
opening.
[0024] The second follower may have a substantially concave outer
surface arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received
through the opening. A path followed by the first follower between
the first end and the opening may follow a contour of the outer
wall of the body. The path may therefore be non-linear.
[0025] A coupling arrangement may be provided between the first and
second followers, such that as the first follower is moved against
the bias towards the first end, the first and second followers may
become coupled, so that the coupling arrangement may cause the
first follower to urge the second follower from the predetermined
position towards the first end.
[0026] The coupling arrangement may comprise a catch or shoulder
formation on one of the first and second followers, and a hook or
protuberance on the other one of the first and second
followers.
[0027] According to a second aspect of the invention there is
provided a magazine for a plurality of substantially spherical
projectiles, comprising: [0028] an elongate hollow body defining an
internal cavity for receiving the projectiles, the body having a
first closed end and a second end defining an opening operatively
through which projectiles are received into or from the internal
cavity; [0029] a ridge formation projecting from a side wall of the
body, from proximate the first end towards the second end so that a
first and second adjoining and substantially cylindrical channels
are defined thereby; and [0030] a follower which is displaceable
from a first position within the first channel and proximate the
first end, to a second position proximate the opening, the follower
being biased to the second position.
[0031] A neck of the body may be formed proximate the second end,
the neck defining an internal passage similar in shape and size as
the opening. The opening may be substantially circular, and may be
sized to allow a projectile to move therethrough without
obstruction.
[0032] A guide formation may be provided for guiding the follower
relative to the body during displacement between the first and
second positions. The guide formation may comprise a groove formed
on one of the body and the follower, and a ridge or protuberance
formed on the other one of the body and the follower, the ridge or
protuberance in use received within the groove.
[0033] The follower may be biased towards the second position by a
biasing means, in the form of a spring. The biasing means may be
fixed to the first end, and may extend along the first channel when
the follower is in the second position and may be inhibited from
deflecting into the second channel.
[0034] The follower may be sized such that a portion thereof may
protrude at least partially into the neck of the body when the
follower is in the second position.
[0035] The follower may comprise a substantially convex outer
surface arranged operatively to urge against a projectile received
through the opening.
[0036] The first and second channels may extend substantially
parallel to each other and may intersect each other along a length
thereof, such that a projectile operatively received within the
first channel may project partially into the second channel, and
such that a projectile operatively received within the second
channel may project partially into the first channel.
[0037] The first and second channels may terminate into a receiving
zone. The receiving zone may taper/converge towards the neck
portion of the body.
[0038] According to a third aspect of the invention there is
provided a magazine for housing a plurality of projectiles, the
magazine in use received within a less-lethal device and
comprising: [0039] an elongate hollow body with a first closed end
and a second end with an opening therein operatively through which
projectiles are received into or from the body; and [0040] a catch
formation located proximate the opening and mounted to the body,
the catch formation comprising a stopper which is displaceable
between a first position relative to the opening, in which the
stopper obstructs a portion of opening so that a projectile is
inhibited from moving through the opening and a second position
relative to the opening, in which the opening is not obstructed by
the stopper, so that a projectile is allowed to pass through the
opening, the catch formation mounted to an outside of the body.
[0041] The catch formation may be pivotably mounted to the outside
of the body, so that the stopper may be pivoted between the first
and second positions. The stopper may be biased towards the first
position by a biasing means. The biasing means may be a torsion
spring.
[0042] The catch formation may furthermore have an actuation
surface for cooperating, in use, with an actuator situated within a
body of the less-lethal device, so that when the magazine is
inserted into the body, the actuator urges against the actuation
surface to thereby cause the catch formation to be pivoted to the
second position.
[0043] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is
provided a barrel displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of
a device between a first and a second axial position, the
displacement mechanism comprising: [0044] a formation located on
the barrel; [0045] an actuator member arranged in contact with the
formation, and in communication with a trigger mechanism, so that
when the trigger mechanism is actuated, the actuator member urges
against the formation to cause the barrel to be displaced towards
the second axial position.
[0046] The barrel may be axially slidable relative to a body of the
device.
[0047] The formation may be a shoulder located on the barrel.
[0048] The actuator member may be pivotably mounted relative to the
barrel, and may comprise at least a first actuation arm, an end
region of which may be arranged to contact the formation.
[0049] The actuator member may further comprise a plurality of
cogs, arranged in mesh with a plurality of cogs formed on the
trigger member, so that when the trigger member is actuated, the
cogs on the trigger member cause the at least first arm to pivot
relative to the barrel.
[0050] The end region of the at least one arm may be provided in
sliding contact with the formation.
[0051] The actuator member may comprise a second arm.
[0052] Alternatively, the formation may take the form of a rack,
whilst the actuator member may comprise a number of cogs arranged
to interact with the rack, to form a rack-and-pinion type
interaction.
[0053] Alternatively, a link body may pivotably be arranged between
the formation and the trigger mechanism, whilst the trigger
mechanism may be provided with a cam surface for urging against the
link body when the trigger mechanism is actuated, thereby causing
the barrel to be displaced to the rearward position.
[0054] Further alternatively, the barrel displacement mechanism may
comprise a pin received within a slot. The pin may be actuated via
a lever associated with the trigger mechanism, when the trigger
mechanism is actuated. When the pin is actuated, it may slide
within the slot, causing the barrel to be displaced to the rearward
position.
[0055] Yet further alternatively, the barrel displacement mechanism
may comprise a multi-link or lever system. The links or levers may
be pivotably interconnected by pins. The arrangement may be such
that the links or levers pivot relative to each other when the
trigger mechanism is actuated, thereby displacing the barrel to the
rearwards position.
[0056] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is
provided a release mechanism of a device, for releasing a
projectile held by a receiving projection of a release valve
thereof, the release mechanism comprising an indicator body, which
is fixed to a body of the device such that a portion of the
indicator body projects to an outside of the body of the device,
wherein the indicator body is displaceable between an elevated
position in which the indicator body stands proud of the body of
the device, and a lowered position, the configuration being such
that the indicator body is displaced to the elevated position when
a projectile is held by the receiving portion, so that when the
indicator body is urged towards the lowered position, a force is
exerted on the projectile.
[0057] The receiving projection may comprise a displaceable release
body which is operatively provided in contact with the projectile.
A contact portion of the indicator body may urge against the
release body, such that when the indicator body is displaced to the
lowered position, the release body is displaced thereby.
[0058] The release body may be pivotably fixed to the receiving
projection. The indicator body may be pivotably fixed to the body
of the device.
[0059] The indicator body may be arranged to rest on the release
body. The arrangement may be such that when a barrel moves to a
second or rearward position relative to the receiving projection,
the indicator body may be lifted from the release body.
[0060] According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is
provided a projectile detent, comprising a body having a first
portion mounted relative to a breech of a device and a second
portion manufactured from a resiliently deformable material, the
second portion being displaceable between a first position, in
which the second portion retains a projectile within a breech of
the barrel, and a second position, in which the projectile is
allowed to be displaced from the barrel.
[0061] According to a seventh aspect of the invention there is
provided a loading mechanism for loading a projectile into a
bore/breech of a barrel of a device, the loading mechanism
comprising a first and a second body being pivotably fixed relative
to each other, the first and second bodies defining a cavity
therebetween, and configurable between a first configuration,
wherein the first and second bodies are pivoted towards each other,
so that the cavity is substantially cylindrical, and a second
configuration where the first and second bodies are pivoted away
from each other to define an opening into the cavity through which
operatively to receive the projectile into the cavity.
[0062] The loading mechanism may further comprise a biasing member
for biasing the first and second bodies towards the second
configuration. The biasing member may be a spring, such as a
torsion spring. Alternatively, the first and second bodies may be
biased to the first configuration.
[0063] The first and second bodies may each define a substantially
semi-cylindrical inner surface.
[0064] The first and second bodies may be provided with a first and
second actuating formation respectively, for operatively actuating
the first and second bodies against the bias to the first
configuration. The actuating formation may comprise a bevelled
surface, for interacting with a corresponding slide formation
disposed on an inside of a slide associated with the barrel of the
device.
[0065] The arrangement may be such that, when the slide is
operatively displaced from a first resting position to a second
position, the slide formation may interact with the actuating
formation, to allow the first and second bodies to move, under the
bias of the biasing member, to the second configuration, so that
the projectile may be received through the opening into the cavity,
whilst when the slide is operatively displaced from the second
position to the first, resting position, the slide formation may
cause the first and second bodies to be pivoted to the first
configuration, against the bias.
[0066] A first end of the loading mechanism may be arranged
proximate an extremity of the barrel. The configuration of the
loading mechanism may be such that, when the first and second
bodies are in the first configuration, the cylindrical cavity
aligns with the bore, and the first end of the loading mechanism
may seal against the barrel, so that a length of the bore is
extended by a length of the cylindrical cavity.
[0067] A second end of the loading mechanism may operatively be
arranged proximate a pressure discharge valve which operatively
vents a predetermined volume of compressed gas into the cavity
causing the projectile to be discharged from the barrel. The
arrangement may be such that when the first and second bodies are
in the first configuration, the second end of the loading mechanism
may seal against the discharge valve, so that the pressure
discharge valve and bore may be arranged in fluid flow
communication, and so that, when pressurised gas is discharged or
vented via the pressure discharge valve, a projectile located
within the cavity may be discharged from the device via the
bore.
[0068] A barrel displacement mechanism may cause the barrel to
operatively move away from the loading mechanism to define a gap
between the first end of the loading mechanism and the barrel, when
the first and second bodies are in the second position.
[0069] The barrel displacement mechanism may cause the loading
mechanism to operatively move away from the discharge valve to
define a gap between the second end of the loading mechanism and
the discharge valve, when the first and second bodies are in the
second position.
[0070] The first and second bodies may be allowed to slide axially
on first and second pins respectively, between a rearward position
wherein the loading mechanism seals against the discharge valve,
and a forward position, wherein a gap is defined between the
loading mechanism and the discharge valve. A biasing means may bias
the loading mechanism to the forward position. A shoulder may limit
the axial displacement of the loading mechanism on the first and
second pins respectively.
[0071] The opening into the cavity may have a cross-sectional
dimension similar to a diameter of the projectile.
[0072] The length of the first and second bodies may exceed a
length of the projectile.
[0073] The first and second bodies, actuating formation and slide
formation may be manufactured from a polymeric material and may be
formed by way of injection moulding. Alternatively, the first and
second bodies, actuating formation and slide formation may be of a
metallic material and may have relatively smooth outer surfaces.
The outer surfaces of the actuating formation and slide formation
may be polished.
[0074] The device may be a less lethal device.
[0075] According to an eight aspect of the invention there is
provided a barrel displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of
a less-lethal device having a body, between a forward and rearward
axial position, the barrel displacement mechanism comprising an
actuation member on a slide of the body, arranged for interacting
with an actuation mechanism provided between the slide and the
barrel, so that, when the slide is moved to a rearwards axial
position, the actuation member interacts with the actuation
mechanism, so that the barrel moves to the forward axial position,
and so that, when the slide is moved to a forwards axial position,
the actuation member interacts with the actuation mechanism, so
that the barrel moves to the rearward axial position.
[0076] The actuation member may comprise an interacting surface and
may take the form of a pin.
[0077] The actuation mechanism may comprise: [0078] an actuation
body, pivotably fixed relative to a body of the device and
comprising first and second actuation surfaces; and [0079] a link
body pivotably fixed between the actuation body and the barrel.
[0080] The arrangement may be such that the actuation member
interacts with the first actuation surface of the actuation body
when the slide moves towards the rearward axial position, thereby
to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the
device, to cause the barrel to be displaced to the forward
position, and such that the actuation member interacts with the
second actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves
towards the forward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation
body to pivot relative to body of the device, to cause the barrel
to be displaced to the rearward position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
[0081] The invention will now further be described, by way of
examples only, with reference to the accompanying diagrams
wherein:
[0082] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of first example less-lethal
device in the form of a pistol of which a body panel has been
removed to reveal internal components thereof, which pistol is
adapted to propel spherical projectiles through a barrel;
[0083] FIG. 2 is a section view of a first example magazine used
with the less-lethal device of FIG. 1, in which a plurality of
substantially spherical projectiles is received in staggered
configuration, the magazine comprising dual followers;
[0084] FIG. 3 is the magazine of FIG. 2 with a first spherical
projectile loaded therein;
[0085] FIG. 4 is the magazine of FIG. 2 with a second spherical
projectile loaded therein;
[0086] FIG. 5 is the magazine of FIG. 2 with a third spherical
projectile loaded therein;
[0087] FIG. 6 is the magazine of FIG. 2 with a fourth spherical
projectile loaded therein;
[0088] FIG. 7 is the magazine of FIG. 2 with a fifth spherical
projectile loaded therein;
[0089] FIG. 8 is the magazine of FIG. 2 with a sixth spherical
projectile loaded therein;
[0090] FIG. 9 is the magazine of FIG. 2 with a seventh spherical
projectile loaded therein;
[0091] FIG. 10 is a first perspective view of a second example
magazine used with the less-lethal device of FIG. 1, in which a
plurality of substantially spherical projectiles is received in
staggered configuration, the magazine comprising a single
follower;
[0092] FIG. 11 is a front view of the magazine of FIG. 10, with a
catch formation shown in a first position;
[0093] FIG. 12 is a side view of the magazine of FIG. 10, shown in
section along line IV-IV' indicated in FIG. 11;
[0094] FIG. 13 is a top view along section XIII-XIII' indicated in
FIG. 11, showing first and second channels defined by a ridge
formation;
[0095] FIG. 14 is a front view of the magazine of FIG. 10, with the
catch formation shown in a second position;
[0096] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the magazine of FIG. 10, in
which some detail is shown in broken lines to render inner details
thereof visible;
[0097] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the magazine as shown in
FIG. 15, in which a first four spherical projectiles have been
loaded;
[0098] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the magazine as shown in
FIG. 15, in which eight spherical projectiles have been loaded;
[0099] FIG. 18 is a front view in section of the device of FIG. 1,
showing details of a magazine in an operational position within a
grip portion of the device, and wherein an actuator has caused a
stopper of the magazine to pivot away from an opening of the
magazine;
[0100] FIG. 19 is the front view in section of FIG. 18, wherein the
magazine has been released from the grip portion of the device, and
wherein the stopper obstructs a projectile within the magazine from
being displaced through the opening;
[0101] FIG. 20 is the front view in section of FIG. 19, wherein the
magazine is displaced further downwardly out of the grip portion,
and wherein the stopper retains the projectile within the
magazine;
[0102] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a subassembly of the less
lethal device of FIG. 1, which subassembly comprises a barrel, a
release valve, and a barrel displacement mechanism, with the barrel
being located in a first, forward, position;
[0103] FIG. 22 is a side view of the subassembly of FIG. 21;
[0104] FIG. 23 is a side view of the subassembly of FIG. 22, in
which the barrel displacement mechanism is being actuated, and
wherein the barrel is located in an intermediate position;
[0105] FIG. 24 is a side view of the subassembly of FIG. 22, in
which the barrel displacement mechanism is fully actuated, and
wherein the barrel is located in a second, rearward, position;
[0106] FIG. 25 is a section side view of the subassembly of FIG.
24;
[0107] FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a release valve and a
release mechanism of the less lethal device of FIG. 1, showing a
receiving formation before a projectile is received therein;
[0108] FIG. 27 is a sectioned side view of the release valve and
release mechanism of FIG. 26, in which a projectile is in the
process of being received within the receiving projection;
[0109] FIG. 28 is a sectioned side view of the release valve and
release mechanism of FIG. 26, with a projectile in its final
position within the receiving projection;
[0110] FIG. 29 is a perspective detail view of a release valve,
release mechanism, a portion of a barrel and projectile detents of
the device of FIG. 1, wherein a projectile is received within the
receiving projection, and wherein the barrel is in a first,
forward, position;
[0111] FIG. 30 is a top view of the release valve, release
mechanism, barrel and projectile detents of FIG. 29;
[0112] FIG. 31 is a top view of the release valve, release
mechanism, barrel and projectile detents of FIG. 29, wherein the
barrel has been displaced to a second, rearward, position, and
wherein the detents have been deflected by the barrel;
[0113] FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a second example
less-lethal device in the form of a pistol of which a body panel
has been removed to reveal internal components thereof, which
pistol is adapted to propel elongate finned projectiles through a
barrel;
[0114] FIG. 33 is a top perspective view of an example elongate
finned projectile used with the less-lethal device of FIG. 32;
[0115] FIG. 34 is a bottom perspective view of the projectile of
FIG. 33;
[0116] FIG. 35 is a perspective view of an example loading
mechanism, used with the less-lethal device of FIG. 32 and in which
first and second bodies are located in a first configuration or
position;
[0117] FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the loading mechanism of
FIG. 35, in which the first and second bodies are located in a
second configuration;
[0118] FIG. 37 is a sectioned side view of an assembly comprising a
portion of a barrel and a release valve of the less-lethal device
of FIG. 32, with the loading mechanism of FIG. 35 in situ, before a
projectile is loaded into the loading mechanism;
[0119] FIG. 38 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of FIG.
37;
[0120] FIG. 39 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of FIG. 37,
wherein the barrel is displaced axially away from the loading
mechanism to define a first gap therebetween, and wherein the
loading mechanism is displaced axially away from the release valve
so that a second gap is defined therebetween;
[0121] FIG. 40 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of FIG.
39;
[0122] FIG. 41 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of FIG. 37,
wherein the first and second bodies are located in the second
configuration, and wherein a projectile has been loaded into the
loading mechanism;
[0123] FIG. 42 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of FIG.
41;
[0124] FIG. 43 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of FIG. 41,
wherein the first and second bodies are returned to the first
configuration;
[0125] FIG. 44 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of FIG.
43;
[0126] FIG. 45 is a section side view of the assembly of FIG. 37,
wherein the barrel and loading mechanism are both displaced axially
to remove the first and second gaps;
[0127] FIG. 46 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of FIG.
45;
[0128] FIG. 47 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of FIG. 37,
in which the projectile is in the process of being propelled from
the barrel;
[0129] FIG. 48 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of FIG.
47;
[0130] FIG. 49 is a perspective view of first and second actuating
formations formed on the first and second bodies of the loading
mechanism of FIG. 35, with the first and second bodies located in
the first configuration;
[0131] FIG. 50 is a perspective view of the first and second
actuating formations of FIG. 49, with the first and second bodies
in the second configuration;
[0132] FIG. 51 is a side view of a barrel displacement mechanism of
the less lethal device of FIG. 32, with a barrel in a rearward
position;
[0133] FIG. 52 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism
of FIG. 51, wherein a slide is in the process of being displaced
rearwards, causing the barrel to be displaced forwards;
[0134] FIG. 53 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism
of FIG. 51, wherein the barrel is in the forward position, so that
a first gap is formed between the barrel and the loading mechanism,
and so that a second gap is formed between the loading mechanism
and the release valve; and
[0135] FIG. 54 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism
of FIG. 51, wherein the barrel is still in the rearward position,
but wherein the slide has not yet moved fully to the forward
position, and has therefore not yet started displacing the barrel
to the rearward position.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
[0136] A first example less lethal device, in the form of a
less-lethal pistol, is indicated by reference numeral 10 in FIG. 1.
The less-lethal device 10 typically comprises a body 12 having a
grip portion 14 for handling the device 10 and a barrel 16 through
which a projectile (not shown in FIG. 1) is propelled in use. A
magazine (which is generally shown as 18 in FIG. 1) is provided
within the grip portion 14. The device 10 is specifically adapted
for propelling substantially spherical projectiles. The magazine 18
is utilised to house a number of the spherical projectiles, and to
load projectiles into a breech of the barrel. A canister of
compressed gas 20 is located within the body 12, and typically,
below the barrel 16. The canister 20 is locked in position within
the body 12, by a locking cap 22, typically provided with a
screw-in or bayonet-type locking mechanism. A release valve 24 is
provided to vent a predetermined volume of compressed gas into the
barrel 16, thereby to propel the projectile therefrom. The release
valve 24 and canister 20 are therefore operatively arranged in
fluid-flow communication. The release of gas by the release valve
24 is triggered by a trigger mechanism 26, which hinges about a
hinge point 28. Typically, the trigger mechanism 26 triggers a
hammer (or cock) 34, which actuates the release valve 24.
[0137] A puncture mechanism 30 is provided to initially puncture or
open a seal (not shown) provided over a mouth (not shown) of the
canister 20. The canister 20 (also known as a cartridge) is of the
known kind and is typically filled with compressed carbon dioxide
(CO2). A pressure tube 32 connects the canister 20, via the
puncture mechanism 30, to the release valve 24.
[0138] It will be understood that the less lethal device 10 could
take various forms or configurations other than that of a pistol,
and may include such configurations as rifles and the like. It will
also be understood that components as described herein may be
compatible with such other configurations. Throughout the remainder
of this disclosure, references to the less lethal device 10 will be
made in respect of a device of the pistol configuration.
[0139] A first example magazine for the device 10 is indicated by
reference numeral 18.1 in FIGS. 2 to 9. The magazine 18.1 is
specifically adapted for housing a plurality of substantially
spherical projectiles 36, in a "double stacked" configuration, as
best shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and as is more fully described
below.
[0140] The magazine comprises an elongate hollow body 38 with a
closed first end (not shown in the figures--it will however be
understood that the closed first end comprises a bottom of the
magazine, and is similar to conventional magazines in this regard)
and a second end 42 which defines an opening 44 into the hollow
body 38, through which spherical projectiles 36 are loaded into the
hollow body 38, or received from the hollow body 38 (as will be
described in more detail below).
[0141] The magazine 18.1 furthermore comprises a first follower 46
within the hollow body 38, which is displaceable from a position
proximate the first end of the hollow body 38 (as is shown in FIG.
9) in a direction of the second end 42, for a first distance 48.
The first follower 46 is biased towards the second end 42 by a
biasing means, typically in the form of a first spring 50.
[0142] The magazine 18.1 furthermore comprises a second follower 52
within the hollow body 38, which is also displaceable from a
position proximate the first end of the hollow body 38 (as is shown
in FIG. 9) in a direction of the second end 42, for a second
distance 53. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the first distance 48
exceeds the second distance 53. The second follower 52 is also
biased towards the second end 42 by a biasing means, typically in
the form of a second spring 54. When the second follower 52 is
displaced the second distance 53 away from the first end, the
second follower 52 is inhibited from being displaced further
towards the second end 42, and remains at a predetermined position
56 along the length of the body 38, as it is indicated in FIGS. 2
to 5. Also, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the first follower 46 is free
to move beyond the predetermined position 56, towards the second
end 42.
[0143] Typically, a guide formation (not shown) is provided for
guiding the second follower 52 during its displacement, relative to
the body 38. The guide formation typically comprises a
ridge-and-groove formation. Therefore, either the ridge may be
formed on an inner wall of the body 38 and the groove formed on the
second follower 52, or the ridge may be formed on the second
follower 52 and the groove may be formed on the inner wall of the
body 38. The ridge and groove are arranged in mating fashion, so
that the second follower 52 may be displaced in sliding fashion
relative to the body 38.
[0144] When the first and second followers (46, 52) are located
between the predetermined position 56 and the first end, the first
and second followers (46, 52) are situated side-by-side (as is
shown in FIGS. 5 to 9). A first cross-sectional dimension, such as
a first width 58 of the magazine 18.1, at the first end exceeds a
second cross-sectional dimension, such as a second width 60 of the
magazine 18.1 at the second end.
[0145] A first portion 62 of the body 38 (which is located between
the first end and the predetermined position 56) has opposing outer
walls (62.1 and 62.2) which are substantially parallel to each
other.
[0146] A second portion 64 of the body 38 (which is located between
the predetermined position 56 and the second end 42) has opposing
outer walls (64.1 and 64.2) which converge towards each other.
[0147] A neck portion 66 of the body 38 is located proximate the
second end 42. The neck portion 66 defines an inner cavity which,
in cross-section, is similar in shape and size as the opening 44.
The opening 44 is substantially circular, and therefore the inner
cavity of the neck section 66 is substantially cylindrical. The
size of the opening 44 and the substantially cylindrical inner
cavity of the neck portion 66 is such that a spherical projectile
36 may pass therethrough without being obstructed.
[0148] Similarly, the first follower 46 is shaped and sized such
that it may protrude at least partially into the inner cavity of
the neck portion 66. The first follower 46 has a convex head 68,
which comes into direct contact with a first spherical projectile
36.1 that is loaded into the magazine. The spherical head 68 urges
against the first projectile 36.1 while the first follower 46 is
displaced towards the first end. As the first follower 46 is
displaced from proximate the opening 44 towards the first end, the
first follower 46 generally follows a contour of the walls 64.1 and
62.1 of the second and first portions (64, 62) respectively. A path
followed by the first follower 46 between the first end and the
opening 44 is therefore non-linear. The first follower 46 may
therefore pivot relative to the body 38 along the path. By
providing the first follower 46 with the convex head 68, it is
ensured that the first follower 46 continually contacts the first
spherical projectile 36.1, irrespective of changes in the relative
position of the first spherical projectile 36.1 and the first
follower 46.
[0149] Since a path of the second follower 52 is linear (it is
guided by the guide arrangement) the second follower 52 has a
substantially concave portion 69 for receiving a second projectile
36.2.
[0150] A coupling arrangement which comprises a catch or shoulder
formation 70 on the second follower 52, and a hook or protuberance
72 on the first follower 72 is provided. It will readily be
appreciated that the coupling arrangement may take various other
variations, such as where the hook or protuberance 72 is formed on
the second follower 52 and the catch or shoulder formation 70 is
formed on the first follower 46.
[0151] The magazine 18.1 is designed to house seven spherical
projectiles in a staggered configuration. It will be appreciated
that by loading the spherical projectiles 36 in a staggered
configuration, the magazine 18.1 is significantly more compact than
a magazine that doesn't allow a staggered configuration would
be.
[0152] FIG. 2 shows the magazine 18.1 without any spherical
projectiles loaded therein. In FIG. 3 the first spherical
projectile 36.1 is loaded through the opening 44 into the magazine
18.1, and the first follower 46 is displaced a little towards the
first end.
[0153] In FIG. 4 the second spherical projectile 36.2 is loaded
through the opening 44 into the magazine 18.1. The second spherical
projectile 36.2 urges against the first spherical projectile 36.1
causing the first follower 46 to be displaced a little further
towards the first end. The first follower 46 now starts moving in
next to the second follower 52.
[0154] In FIG. 5 a third spherical projectile 36.3 is loaded
through the opening 44 into the magazine. The third spherical
projectile 36.3 urges against the second spherical projectile 36.2.
The concave portion 69 is slanted slightly towards the first
follower 46, and so the first spherical projectile 36.1 follows the
first follower 46. As further spherical projectiles are loaded, the
shapes of the spherical projectiles cause each subsequent spherical
projectile to move to a different side of the magazine 18.1.
[0155] As can be seen in FIG. 5, at a specific point, the catch or
shoulder 70 and the hook or protuberance 72 becomes coupled, so
that the first and second followers (46, 52) move together towards
the first end.
[0156] Unloading of the spherical projectiles 36 from the magazine
18.1 occurs in reverse order as order of the loading of the
projectiles 36 into the magazine 18.1, as was described above. A
stiffness coefficient of the second spring 54 may exceed that of
the first spring 50.
[0157] By providing two separate followers, and limiting the second
distance 53, it is ensured that the first projectile 36.1 can
easily be unloaded from the magazine 18.1, by the first follower 46
moving freely towards the opening 44, despite the converging of the
opposing walls (64.1, 64.2).
[0158] A second example magazine for the device 10 is indicated by
reference numeral 18.2 in FIGS. 10 to 17. The magazine 18.2 is also
adapted for housing a plurality of substantially spherical
projectiles 36, in a "double stacked" configuration, as can be seen
in FIGS. 16 and 17, and as is more fully described below. The
magazine 18.2 is operatively received, similar to the magazine
18.1, in the grip portion 14 of the device 10.
[0159] The magazine 18.2 comprises an elongate hollow body 80
defining an internal cavity 82, in which the projectiles are housed
or received in use. The body 80 has a closed first end 84 and a
second end 86 which defines an opening 88 through which spherical
projectiles 36 are received into or from the internal cavity
82.
[0160] A ridge formation 90 projects from a side wall 92 of the
body 80, into the internal cavity 82. The ridge formation 90
projects from the first end 84 towards the second end 86 for a
first distance 94. As can be seen in the figures, the ridge
formation 90 does not extend all the way to the second end 86.
[0161] The ridge formation 90 defines a first and second adjoining
and substantially cylindrical channel (or race or groove) (96, 98),
each for housing a number of spherical projectiles 36 in a
staggered configuration (as is described in more detail below).
[0162] The magazine 18.2 also comprises a follower 100 which is
displaceable from a first position to a second position relative to
the body 80. In the first position, the follower 100 is located
within the first channel 96 and proximate the first end 84, whilst
in the second position, the follower has exited the first channel
96 and is located proximate the opening 88.
[0163] A biasing means, such as a spring 101 (shown in FIGS. 18 to
20) is provided between the first end 84 and the follower 100, so
that the follower is biased towards the second position. A first
end of the spring 101 may be fixed to, and my therefore urge
against, the first end 84. When the follower 100 is located in the
second position, the spring 101 extends along and out of the first
channel 96. The diameter of the spring 101 may therefore be
slightly smaller than the channel 96. When the spring 101 is
compressed (in other words, when the follower 100 is displaced
against the bias to the first position) the first channel 96 acts
as a guide, to ensure that the spring 101 does not deflect into the
second channel 98.
[0164] The body 80 forms a neck 102 towards the second end 86. The
neck 102 defines an internal passage which corresponds in shape and
size to the opening 88. The opening 88, and therefore the internal
passage of the neck 102 is substantially circular, and large enough
to allow a spherical projectile 36 to pass therethrough uninhibited
or without obstruction.
[0165] A guide formation 104 is provided for guiding the follower
100 during its displacement between the first and second positions
relative to the body 88. The guide formation typically comprises a
ridge-and-groove formation. As is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the
groove 104 is typically formed on the side wall 92 of the body 80.
A ridge (or protuberance such as a pin 106 which is best indicated
in FIG. 15) is formed on the follower 100, and arranged to be
received and to slide within the groove 104. It will readily be
appreciated that the ridge may be formed on the side wall 92 and
the groove one the follower 100, without departing from the scope
of the invention.
[0166] The follower 100 is sized such that at least a portion
thereof protrudes into the neck 102 when the follower is in the
second position. The follower has a substantially convex outer
surface or head 108, with a seat 110 for receiving a first
projectile 36.1 received within the magazine 18.2.
[0167] The first and second channels (96, 98) extend substantially
parallel to each other and intersect each other along a length
thereof. When viewed from the top, the first and second channels
(96, 98) are substantially 8-shaped or waisted. A lengthwise
opening is therefore formed between the first and second channels
(96, 98). Therefore, when a projectile 36 is located in the first
channel 96, a portion of the projectile 36 will project into the
second channel 98. Similarly, a projectile 36 which is located in
the second channel 98, will partially project into the first
channel 96 (it will be appreciated that the spring 101, by virtue
of its diameter will also project slightly into the second channel
98, but will not deflect into the second channel 98).
[0168] The first and second channels (96, 98) terminate into a
receiving zone 112. The receiving zone 112 tapers or converges
towards the neck portion 102 of the body 88.
[0169] In use, the first projectile 36.1 is received through the
opening 88 and neck 102 into the receiving zone 112, whilst being
located in the seat 110 of the follower 100. The first projectile
36.1 therefore displaces the follower 100 by a first portion
towards the first position. The first projectile 36.1 will
therefore move with the follower 100 into the first channel 96 as
further projectiles are received into the internal cavity 82. As a
second projectile 36.2 is received into the internal cavity 82,
outer surfaces of the first and second projectiles (36.1, 36.2)
interact, so that the second projectile 36.2 moves towards the
second channel 98.
[0170] An outer surface of a third projectile 36.3 will interact
with the outer surface of the second projectile 36.2, so that the
third projectile 36.3 will again be received in the first channel
96. In this way, subsequent projectiles are stored in a staggered
formation.
[0171] Since both of the first and second projectiles (36.1, 36.2)
project partially into the adjoining channel, the second
projectile's 36.2 displacement within the second channel 98 is
limited by the first projectile 36.1. Therefore, as projectiles are
unloaded from the magazine 18.2 in use, and as the follower is
displaced towards the second position under the influence of the
bias, the first projectile 36.1 will urge the second projectile
36.2 towards the opening 88, whilst the second projectile 36.2 will
urge the third projectile 36.3 towards the opening 88, and so
on.
[0172] The interaction between projectiles in the adjoining
channels enables the use of a single follower 100 to unload
projectiles 36 from both channels (96, 98). Furthermore, since the
size of the follower is such that it can fit at least partially
through the neck portion 102 and the opening 88, it can be
displaced along the length of the body, even though the body 80
converges in the receiving zone 82, allowing the first projectile
to be unloaded from the magazine 18.2, without the follower
requiring complex movable geometry. A path followed by the follower
100 is substantially linear, which aids in the effective
discharging or unloading of the projectiles 36 through the opening
88. It will be understood that the specific geometry of the
receiving zone is critical to the operation of the magazine 18.2
the form described above, and specifically with regards to the
staggering of subsequent projectiles 36 in the adjoining first and
second channels (96, 98).
[0173] It will again be appreciated that by loading the spherical
projectiles 36 in a staggered configuration, the magazine 18.2 is
significantly more compact than a magazine that doesn't allow a
staggered configuration would be.
[0174] FIG. 15 shows the magazine 18.2 without any spherical
projectiles loaded therein, with the follower 100 in the second
position. In FIG. 16 a fifth spherical projectile 36.1 is loaded
through the opening 44 into the magazine 18.2, and the follower 100
is displaced towards the first position. Here the follower has
entered into the first channel 96.
[0175] Unloading of the spherical projectiles 36 from the magazine
18.2 occurs in reverse order as order of the loading of the
projectiles 36 into the magazine 18.2, as was described above.
[0176] Each of the first and second example magazines (18.1, 18.2)
is provided with a catch formation 120. The catch formation 120
will however be described with specific reference to the first
example magazine 18.1. The catch formation 120 is located proximate
the opening 44 of the body 38. The catch formation 120 comprises a
stopper 122 which is pivotably displaceable between a first
position relative to the opening 44 (shown in FIG. 11) and a second
position relative to the opening 44 (typically shown in FIG.
14).
[0177] When the stopper 122 is in the first position, the opening
44 is partially obstructed so that the projectiles located within
the magazine 18 is obstructed or inhibited from moving through the
opening 44, whilst, when the stopper 122 is in the second position,
the projectiles are free to move through the opening 44.
[0178] The catch formation 120 is mounted to the outside of the
body 38, by means of screws 124 such that it is allowed to pivot
between the first and second positions, as is indicated in FIG.
14.
[0179] A biasing means in the form of a torsion spring (not shown)
is provided for biasing the stopper 122 to the first position.
[0180] An outer surface of the catch formation 120 acts as an
actuation surface 126. When the magazine 18 is inserted into the
grip portion 14 of the device 10, an internal formation of the body
12, acting as an actuator 128 (best shown in FIGS. 18 to 20) urges
against the actuation surface 126, and causes the stopper 122 to
pivot to the second position, thereby allowing the projectiles to
be received into the barrel 16 of the device 10.
[0181] When projectiles are loaded into the magazine 18, the
stopper 122 is pivoted to the second position by a user. Being
located on the outside of the body 38 eases the handling of the
catch formation 120 considerably.
[0182] The stopper 122 is shaped such that a resultant force
exerted by the projectile on the stopper 122 does not cause the
stopper 122 to be pivoted to the second position.
[0183] When the magazine 18 is inserted into the grip portion 14,
the catch formation 120 is displaced so that the top spherical
projectile 36 is allowed to move from the magazine 18, into the
breech of the barrel 16.
[0184] In FIG. 18, the magazine 18 is shown in an operative
position within the grip portion 14. While being inserted into this
position, the actuator 128 urged against the actuation surface 126,
thereby causing the stopper 122 to be pivoted from the first to the
second positions. Subsequently, a first spherical projectile 36.1
was received through the opening 88 into the breech of the barrel
16. A second spherical projectile 36.2 is located immediately below
the first spherical projectile 36.2. Should the first spherical
projectile 36.1 now be propelled from the barrel 16, the follower
100 would cause the second spherical projectile 36.2 to move into
the breech of the barrel 16, ready to be propelled therefrom.
[0185] In some cases, however, a user may opt to remove the
magazine 18 before propelling the first spherical projectile 36.1
from the barrel 16. This is shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. In FIG. 19,
the magazine 18 has been released from its position within the grip
portion 14 (and as shown in FIG. 18), and has been displaced a
first distance downwardly. As is shown in FIG. 19, the arrangement
of the actuator 128 and the stopper 122 causes the stopper to move
to the first position before the second projectile 36.2 is
displaced relative to the first projectile 36.1. Now the stopper
obstructs the opening 88, thereby inhibiting the second spherical
projectile 36.2 from moving through the opening 88. As is shown in
FIG. 20, the second spherical projectile 36.2 is retained within
the magazine as it is moved further downwardly, and out of the grip
portion 14.
[0186] The combination of the location of the actuator 128, the
fact that the stopper 122 is mounted to the outside of the body of
the magazine 18 and the geometry of the stopper 122, ensures that
the second spherical projectile 36.2 is retained within the
magazine 18 when it is removed from the grip portion 14. Also,
since the stopper 122 is mounted to the outside of the body of the
magazine 18, the neck portion 102 of the magazine 18 is less bulky
than neck portions of conventional magazines, and consequently, the
neck portion 102 may be advanced closer to the breech of the barrel
16, to assist in retaining the second spherical projectile 36.2
when removing the magazine 18.
[0187] It will be appreciated that the catch formation 120 can
equally be used with a magazine adapted for use with finned
elongate projectiles (such as projectiles 202 described below and
shown in FIGS. 33 and 34). Also, it will be appreciated that the
catch formation 120 can be used with a magazine adapted to store a
plurality of projectiles in a non-staggered fashion.
[0188] As is typically shown in FIG. 26, the release valve 24
comprises a receiving projection 130 for receiving the spherical
projectile 36 from the magazine 18. The receiving projection 130
may be substantially semi-cylindrical. A retention flap 132 is
provided towards one side of receiving projection 130. The
retention flap 132 is manufactured from an elastic material, and is
biased inwardly, such that when the spherical projectile 36 is
received within the receiving projection 130, the retention flap
132 is displaced by the spherical projectile 36 against the bias.
The retention flap 132 exerts a force on the spherical projectile
36, thereby gripping the spherical projectile 36 between itself and
an opposing wall portion of the receiving projection 130.
[0189] This prevents a spherical projectile 36 located within the
receiving projection 130 from falling from the receiving projection
130 when the magazine 18 is removed from the grip portion 14.
Alternatively, the retention flap 132 may be configured to be moved
out of the way against the bias as the projectile is inserted into
the receiving projection 130, and may return under the influence of
the bias, to catch the projectile 36, preventing it from falling
from the receiving projection 130.
[0190] The receiving projection 130 comprises a substantially
cylindrical portion 134. A seal in the form of an O-ring 136 is
provided around the cylindrical portion 134.
[0191] In order for the spherical projectile 36 to be received by
the receiving projection 130, the barrel 16 needs to move away from
the release valve 24 to create an opening for the spherical
projectile 36 to move through. A barrel displacement mechanism 140
(shown in FIGS. 21 to 25) is provided for this purpose. The barrel
16 is allowed to slide axially within the body 12, between a first
position, which is a forward position in which the opening for the
projectile 36 is created, and a second position, which is a
rearward position, in which the barrel 16 is located over the
receiving projection 130. The barrel 16 will be located in the
second position when the projectile 36 is propelled from the barrel
16.
[0192] The barrel 16 is biased towards the first (forward) position
(as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22). A lock ring 142 is located towards a
front end of the barrel 16. A spring 144 (shown in FIG. 1) is
provided over the barrel 16, with a first end arranged in contact
with the lock ring 142. A second end of the spring 144 contacts an
internal shoulder formed on the body 12. The barrel is moved to the
second or rearward position (as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25) against
bias created by the spring 144, so that the barrel 16 naturally
returns to the first (forward) position.
[0193] The barrel displacement mechanism 140 comprises a formation
or shoulder 146 located on the barrel. The formation or shoulder
146 may be in the form of a ring which is integrally formed on the
barrel. Alternatively, the formation or shoulder 146 may be in the
form of a ring locked in position relative to the barrel by shrink
fitting, a lock pin or the like. A low-friction bush 148 may be
provided to urge against the formation or shoulder 146. The bush
148 may typically be manufactured from a wear resistant material,
such as a plastics, self-lubricating material.
[0194] An actuator member 150 is provided in contact with the
formation or shoulder 146. The actuator member 150 is arranged in
communication with the trigger mechanism 26, such that actuation of
the trigger mechanism 26 by the user, causes the actuator member
150 to urge against the bush 148 and formation or shoulder 146
thereby to displace the barrel 16 from the first (forward) axial
position, to the second axial (rearward) position.
[0195] The actuator member 150 is pivotably mounted relative to the
barrel 16, and is free to pivot about pivot point 152. The actuator
member 150 comprises at least a first, but typically also a second,
actuation arm 154 (one located on either side of the barrel 16). An
end region 156 of the actuation arm is arranged in sliding contact
with the bush 148, to urge against the formation or shoulder 146.
The bush 146 is therefore provided between the formation or
shoulder 146 and the end region 156 to reduce friction or prevent
wear when the end region 156 displaces the barrel 16 to the second
(rearward) position.
[0196] The communication between the trigger mechanism 26 and the
actuator member 150 is in the form of cogs or teeth of respective
gears provided in mesh. A plurality (typically three or more) cogs
or teeth 158 are provided on the actuator member 150, whilst a
plurality of cogs or teeth 160 are provided on the trigger
mechanism 26. Therefore, when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated
by a user, the respective teeth (158, 160) interact, causing the
arms 154 to pivot about the pivot point 152.
[0197] In FIGS. 21 and 22 the barrel 16 is shown in the first
(forward) position, and the trigger mechanism 26 is not actuated.
The gap or opening is now created for the spherical projectile 36
to be received into the receiving projection 130. The spherical
projectile 36 is urged into the receiving projection 130 by the
follower, or a subsequent projectile 36 received within the
magazine 18, in which case, there will be contact between the
spherical projectile 36 located in the receiving projection 130 and
the subsequent projectile 36. In FIG. 23, a user starts actuating
the trigger mechanism 26, so that the actuator member 150 starts
pivoting about the pivot point 152, and so that the end regions 156
of the arms 154 starts urging against the bush 148, thereby causing
the barrel 16 to be displaced away from the first (forward) axial
position, in the direction of the second (rearward) position. In
FIG. 24, the trigger mechanism is in its fully actuated position,
and the barrel 16 is located in the second (rearward) position.
From FIG. 25, it can be seen that the barrel 16 has now been
displaced over the cylindrical portion 134 of the receiving
projection 130, and the inner surface of the barrel 16 seals over
the seal 136. Therefore, when the release valve 24 vents the
predetermined volume of compressed gas into the barrel 16, the seal
136 prevents compressed gas from escaping between the barrel 16 and
the release valve 24. It will be appreciated that the barrel 16, as
it is displaced to the second (rearward) position, urges the
subsequent spherical projectile 36 out of the way.
[0198] As soon as the barrel 16 is located in the second (rearward)
position, the release valve 24 is actuated, so that the spherical
projectile 36 is propelled from the barrel 16. When the trigger
mechanism 26 is released by the user, the barrel 16 will return to
the first (forward) position under the bias of the spring 144,
allowing the subsequent spherical projectile 36 to be received into
the receiving projection 130, ready to be propelled from the barrel
16.
[0199] In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the formation 146
may take the form of a rack, whilst the actuator member 150 may
comprise a number of cogs arranged to interact with the rack, to
form a rack-and-pinion type interaction between the trigger
mechanism 26 and the barrel 16, arranged such that the barrel will
be displaced to the rearward position when the trigger mechanism 26
is actuated.
[0200] In another alternative embodiment (which is not shown), the
barrel displacement mechanism 140 may take the form of a link body
pivotably arranged between the formation and the trigger mechanism
26, whilst the trigger mechanism 26 is provided with a cam surface
for urging against the link body when the trigger mechanism 26 is
actuated, thereby causing the barrel 16 to be displaced to the
rearward position.
[0201] In yet another alternative embodiment (which is not shown)
the barrel displacement mechanism 140 comprises a pin received
within a slot. The pin is actuated via a lever associated with the
trigger mechanism 26, when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated or
pulled. When the pin is actuated, it slides within the slot,
causing the barrel 16 to be displaced to the rearward position.
[0202] In a further alternative embodiment (which is not shown) the
barrel displacement mechanism 140 comprises a multi-link or lever
system, wherein the links or levers are pivotably connected by
pins. The arrangement may be such that the links or levers pivot
relative to each other when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated,
thereby displacing the barrel 16 to the rearwards position. It will
be appreciated that, by changing the configuration of the various
links, such as by limiting relative displacements of some of the
links, or by the addition or exclusion of a link, the arrangement
may be changed to cause the barrel to be displaced to a forward
position when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated or pulled (as is
described below in relation to the device 200).
[0203] In some cases, a spherical projectile 36 that has been
received within the receiving projection 130 needs to be released
(typically when the magazine 18 is removed from the grip portion
14). A release mechanism 176 is provided for this purpose.
[0204] The release mechanism 176 comprises an indicator body 178
which is held by the body 12 of the device 10, such that a portion
of the indicator body 178 projects outside of the body 12. The
indicator body 178 is displaceable between an elevated position
(typically shown in FIG. 28) in which a portion of the indicator
body stands proud of the body 12, and a lowered position (typically
shown in FIG. 27). The indicator body 178 is typically arranged to
pivot between the elevated position and the lowered position,
although it will readily be understood that the indicator body 178
may similarly be received within a slot formed in the body 12 so
that the indicator body 178 may axially slide between the elevated
and lowered positions.
[0205] The release mechanism 176 is configured such that the
indicator body 178 is displaced to the elevated position when a
projectile 36 is held within the receiving projection 130. When the
indicator body 178 is urged to the lowered position, a force is
exerted on the projectile 36, to cause the projectile 36 to be
released from the receiving projection 130. The receiving
projection 130 comprises a displaceable release body 180, which is
pivotably fixed to the receiving projection 130. When the
projectile 36 is received by the receiving projection 130, the
release body 180 contacts the projectile 36.
[0206] A contact portion 182 of the indicator body 178 urges
against the release body 180. A spring (not shown) urges the
indicator body 178 into contact with the release body 180. The
spring is however, not strong enough to cause the release body to
release the projectile 36 from the receiving projection 130. The
release body 180 is therefore provided between the projectile 36
and the indicator body 178. When the indicator body 178 is urged to
the lowered position by a user, the contact portion 182 transmits a
force to the release body 180, which in turn transmits the force to
the projectile 36, to cause the projectile 36 to be released from
the receiving projection 130. The release body 180 is pivotably
fixed to the receiving projection 130.
[0207] The indicator body 178 furthermore comprises an indicator
surface 184 which is concealed when the indicator body is in the
lowered position, but visible to a user, when the indicator body
178 is in the elevated position. The indicator surface 184 is
typically marked, such that when the marked portion of the
indicator surface 184 is visible, a user is notified thereby that a
projectile 36 is located within the receiving projection 130 of the
device 10.
[0208] In FIG. 26, there is no projectile 36 located in the
receiving projection 130, and consequently the indicator body 178
is in the lowered position. FIG. 27, shows a projectile while it is
received into the receiving projection 130, but just before it
causes the release body 180 to be displaced. In FIG. 28, the
projectile is received within the receiving projection 130, and the
indicator body 178 is in the elevated position with the indicator
surface 184 visible to the user of the device 10.
[0209] If the user now removes the magazine 18 from the grip
portion 14, and presses on the indicator body 178, the release body
180 will move the projectile 36 to the position shown in FIG. 27,
and the projectile will fall through the cavity within the grip
portion in which the magazine 18 is usually received.
[0210] Since the indicator body 178 is arranged to rest on the
release body 180, it will be moved out of the way when the barrel
16 is displaced to the second (rearward) position.
[0211] Even though the projectile 36 is held in position in the
receiving projection 130 by the retention flap 132, the projectile
36 might become dislodged if the barrel 16 is bumped or if the
device 10 is dropped on its barrel 16. A projectile detent is
provided to inhibit the projectile from accidentally becoming
dislodged from the receiving projection 130.
[0212] The projectile detent comprises a detent body 190. A first
portion 192 of the detent body 190 is fixed to the body 12 of the
device 10. As can be seen in the top view of FIG. 30, a second
portion 194 of the detent body 190 curves inwardly such that a
first end 196 of the detent body 190 contacts the projectile 36
when the barrel 16 is in the first (forwards) position. The detent
body 190 inhibits the projectile 36 from being dislodged in the
manners as discussed above. The detent body 190 is manufactured by
a resiliently deformable material, typically in the form of a
plastics material, such as polypropylene. When the barrel is
displaced to the second (rearward) position, the barrel straightens
the second portion 194 of the detent body 190 so that it moves
outwardly and away from projectile 36. As the barrel 16 slides over
the projectile 36, the second portion 194 is forced out of the way,
as is shown in FIG. 31. When the barrel 16 is displaced back to the
first (forward) position, the second portion 194 moves back to its
curved form, ready to retain a projectile 36 in its position. As
indicated, two detent bodies are typically provided, one on either
side of the barrel 16.
[0213] A second example less lethal device, in the form of a
less-lethal pistol, is indicated by reference numeral 200 in FIG.
32. The less-lethal device 200 is similar to the first example less
lethal device 10 in many respects, and functions substantially
similarly. The second less lethal device 200 therefore comprises a
similar body 12, grip portion 14, canister 20 (not shown in FIG.
32), locking cap 22, release valve 24, trigger mechanism 26, hinge
28, puncture mechanism 30, pressure tube 32 and hammer 34.
[0214] The second device 200 differs from the first device 10 in
that it is adapted specifically for propelling non-spherical
projectiles (such as the projectile 202 shown in FIGS. 33 and 34).
The projectile 202 comprises a body 204, a capsule 206 at a front
portion of the body 204, which capsule may take the form of a
conventional spherical projectile, or may be defined by a cap
received over an open end of the body 204. A substance is received
within the capsule 206. Towards a rear end of the body 204, a
plurality of fins 208 are arranged which imparts spin on the
projectile 202 in flight. An annular airfoil 210 is arranged around
an extremity of the fins 208. The annular airfoil 210 improves
in-flight aerodynamics of the projectile, and enables stacking of
the projectiles 202 in a magazine (as will be described in more
detail below).
[0215] The second device 200 comprises a magazine 212, which is
provided for receiving a plurality of projectiles 202. The device
200 also comprises a barrel 214 from which projectiles 202 are
projected in use. The barrel 214 differs from the barrel 16 in
certain respects, as will be described below.
[0216] The device 200 further comprises a loading mechanism 216
which forms a breech of the device 200. The loading mechanism 216
is shown in more detail in FIGS. 35 to 50. In use, the loading
mechanism 216 constitutes an extension of the barrel 214. The
magazine 212 is arranged such that an open end 44 thereof is
located proximate the loading mechanism 216 in use. As will be
described in more detail below, the loading mechanism 216 is
utilised to load projectiles 202 from the magazine 212 into the
barrel 214.
[0217] The loading mechanism 216 comprises a first body 218 and a
second body 220 which are fixed to the device 200 such that the
first and second bodies (218, 220) can pivot relative to each other
in use. The first and second bodies (218, 220) define an internal
cavity 222 between them. The first and second bodies (218, 220) are
configurable between a first configuration (which is typically
shown in FIG. 35) and a second configuration (which is typically
shown in FIG. 36). When the first and second bodies (218, 220) are
configured in the first configuration, the first and second bodies
(218, 220) are pivoted towards each other so that the internal
cavity 222 is substantially cylindrical, having an inner diameter
substantially similar to the bore of the barrel 214. Therefore,
each of the first and second bodies (218, 220) has a substantially
semi-cylindrical inner surface. Consequently, in the first
configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) act as an
extension of the barrel 214 and the first and second bodies (218,
220) form a breech of the barrel 214.
[0218] When the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured
in the second configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220)
are pivoted away from each other, so that an opening 224 is defined
into the internal cavity 222. In use, the projectile 202 is
received into the internal cavity 222 through the opening 224.
[0219] A biasing member, in the form of a spring (not shown) is
provided to bias the first and second bodies (218, 220) to the
second configuration.
[0220] The first and second bodies (218, 220) are pivotably fixed
to the device 200 by means of first and second pins (226, 228)
respectively, which are received within cylindrical slots formed
towards top portions of the first and second bodies (218, 220). As
is described more fully below, the first and second bodies (218,
220) are can furthermore slide axially along the first and second
pins (226, 228).
[0221] The first and second bodies (218, 220) furthermore comprise
first and second actuating formations or surfaces (230, 232) which
are formed towards the top portion of the first and second bodies
(218, 220).
[0222] Each of the first and second actuating formations (230, 232)
comprise a first surface 234, a second surface 236 which is
disposed at an acute angle relative to the first surface 234, and a
connecting surface 238 which tapers, bevels or twists from the
first surface 234 to the second surface 236. The arrangement is
such that, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are
configured in the first configuration, the first surfaces 234 of
the first and second actuating formations are substantially
parallel, whilst, when configured in the second configuration, the
second surfaces 236 are substantially parallel.
[0223] A slide (not shown) of the device 200 (which slide forms the
top outer part of the body 12 surrounding the barrel 214, and which
slide is similar to slides of conventional pistols) is provided
with an internal actuation surface (not shown) which in use, is
arranged proximate the first and second actuation formations (230,
232). When the slide is in a forward position, the actuation
surface contacts the first surfaces 234, thereby forcing the first
and second bodies (218, 220) towards the first configuration. When
the slide is in a rearwards position, the actuation surface no
longer contacts the first surfaces 234 but rather contacts the
second surfaces 236 so that the first and second bodies (218, 220)
are configured to the second configuration. The first and second
bodies (218, 220) move to the second configuration under the bias
of the spring, and so the actuating surface effectively limits the
degree to which the first and second bodies (218, 220) may pivot
away from each other under the bias of the spring.
[0224] When the slide is moved from the forward to the rearwards
position, the actuation surface slides from the first surface 234,
over the third surface 238 towards the second surface 236. The
shape or contour of the third surface 238 therefore allows the
first and second bodies (218, 220) to gradually move from the first
configuration to the second configuration, and back.
[0225] It will be appreciated that the angular disposition of the
second surfaces 236 relative to the first surfaces 234 causes the
first and second bodies (218, 220) to change configuration.
Therefore, the first surfaces 234 need not necessarily be parallel
to each other when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are in
the first configuration, provided the actuation surface is adapted
for this. The same holds for the second surfaces 236 when the first
and second bodies (218, 220) are in the second configuration.
[0226] It will be appreciated that the first and second bodies
(218, 220) may alternatively (not shown) be biased by the biasing
member, to the first configuration, in which case interaction
between the actuation surface of the slide (not shown) and the
first and second actuation formations (230, 232) will cause the
first and second bodies (218, 220) to move, against the bias, to
the second configuration. In such a case, the contour of the first
and second actuation formations (230, 232) will be adapted
accordingly.
[0227] The slide is biased towards the forward position, and
therefore moves towards the rearwards position against the
bias.
[0228] A first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216 is arranged
proximate a first end 242 of the barrel 214. A shoulder arrangement
244 is provided between the first ends (240, 242) of the loading
mechanism 216 and the barrel 214 so that, the loading arrangement
216 and the barrel 214 seals operatively, when provided in contact
with each other (when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are
configured in the first configuration). The shoulder arrangement
244 furthermore aligns the internal cavity 222 with the bore of the
barrel 214, so that the loading mechanism 216 acts as an extension
of the barrel 214. Therefore, when the first and second bodies
(218, 220) are in the first configuration, the first end 240 of the
loading mechanism 216 seals against the first end 242 of the barrel
214.
[0229] A second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 is arranged
proximate the pressure discharge valve 24. It will be noted that
the pressure discharge valve 24 used in the device 200 differs
slightly from the pressure release valve used in the device 10.
More particularly, the pressure discharge valve 24 of the device
200 does not comprise a receiving projection 130, as this function
is fulfilled by the loading mechanism 216. When the first and
second bodies (218, 220) are in the first configuration, the
loading mechanism 216 seals against the release valve 24. A second
shoulder arrangement 248 is provided for creating a tight seal.
Therefore, when the release valve 24 is triggered, a predetermined
volume of compressed gas is vented into the loading mechanism 216,
so that the projectile 202 contained within the internal cavity is
propelled from the barrel 216.
[0230] Therefore, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are
configured in the first configuration the first end 242 of the
barrel 214 seals against the first end 240 of the loading mechanism
216, whilst the second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 seals
against the release valve 24.
[0231] As is described in more detail below, when the slide of the
device 200 is moved to the rearwards position, the barrel 214 is
caused to move forward axially, slightly away from the first end
240 so that the shoulder arrangement 244 disengages and so that a
first gap 250 is formed between the barrel 214 and the loading
mechanism 216. Also, when the slide of the device 200 is moved to
the rearwards position, the loading mechanism 216 slides axially
forwards along the first and second pins (226, 228), so that the
second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 moves slightly away
from the release valve 24 causing the second shoulder 248 to
disengage, and so that a second gap 252 is formed between the
loading mechanism 216 and the release valve 24.
[0232] The first and second gaps (250, 252) allows the first and
second bodies (218, 220) to move to the second configuration
without obstruction.
[0233] The first and second bodies (218, 220) are allowed to slide
axially on the first and second pins (226, 228) respectively,
between a rearward position wherein the second end 246 of the
loading mechanism 216 seals against the discharge valve 24, and a
forward position, wherein the second gap 252 is defined between the
loading mechanism 216 and the discharge valve 24. A biasing means
254 (which may typically take the form of a first and second spring
associated with the first and second bodies (218, 220)
respectively, and which is best shown in FIGS. 51 to 54) may bias
the loading mechanism 216 (and therefore the first and second
bodies (218, 220)) to the forward position. Interaction between the
first end 242 of the barrel 214 and the first end 240 of the
loading mechanism 216 causes the loading mechanism 216 to be
displaced, against the bias of the biasing means 254, to the
rearward position. Therefore, when the barrel 214 moves away from
the loading mechanism 216 so that the first gap 250 is formed, the
loading mechanism 216 is displaced to the forward position under
the bias of the biasing means 254. A shoulder 256 limits the axial
displacement of the first and second bodies (218, 220).
[0234] The device 200 is provided with a barrel displacement
mechanism 258, which is provided for displacing the barrel 214
between forward and rearward axial positions. The barrel
displacement mechanism 258 comprises an actuation member typically
in the form of a pin 260 which extends from the slide of the device
200 (and which is fixed to the slide so that it moves with the
slide). The pin 260 can therefore be displaced relative to the
barrel 214, by displacing the slide. The pin 260 is arranged to
interact with an actuation mechanism 262 which is arranged between
the pin 260 and the barrel 214. Because of this interaction (and as
more fully described below), when the slide is displaced rearwards
(typically by the user of the device 200) the barrel is displaced
to the forwards axial position, and when the slide is displaced
forwards, the barrel is displaced to the rearwards axial
position.
[0235] The actuation mechanism 262 comprises an actuation body 264
which is fixed to the body 12 of the device 200, such that the
actuation body 264 can pivot about pivot point 266. The actuation
mechanism 262 furthermore comprises a linking body 268 which is
attached to the actuation body 264 via a pivot 270. The linking
body 268 is furthermore pivotably attached, via a flange body 272,
to the barrel 214. The flange body 272 is fixed to the barrel 214
such that no relative movement is allowed between the two. The
linking body 268 is attached to the flange body 272 via a pivot
274. It will be understood that all of the pivots (266, 270 and
274) may comprise simple pins.
[0236] The actuation body 264 comprises a first actuation surface
276 and a second actuation surface 278.
[0237] The barrel 214 is biased towards the forwards axial
position, by a biasing means 280, typically in the form of a
spring, such as a wave spring (which is used due to spatial
constraints). The wave spring 280 is located between the flange
body 272 and a shoulder 282. The shoulder 282 and the pivot 266
cannot move relative to each other. The shoulder 282 is formed on a
body 284 which defines a bore 286 through which the barrel 214
extends.
[0238] The barrel 214 can therefore be displaced axially within the
bore 286. The shoulder 256 is also formed on the body 284.
[0239] When the barrel 214 is located in the rearward position, as
is best shown in FIG. 51, the actuation body 264 and the linking
body 268 are disposed at an angle 288 relative to each other which
is slightly below 180 degrees (the angle 288 is defined between a
first imaginary line 290 which intersects pivots 266 and 270, and a
second imaginary line 292 which intersects pivots 270 and 274).
Because of the bias of the biasing means 280, a tangential force
results at the pivot 270 in the direction indicated by the arrow in
FIG. 51. A stopper surface 294, which may be arranged to interact
with either of the actuation body 264 or the linking body 268,
prevents the pivot 270 from being displaced in the direction of the
tangential force, and the barrel 214 remains in the rearward
position. The bias of the biasing means 280 and the interaction of
the actuation body 264 with the stopper surface 294 therefore
effectively locks the barrel 214 in the rearward position.
[0240] When the slide is displaced to the rearward position, the
pin 260 interacts with the first actuation surface 276 and causes
the actuation body 264 to pivot upwards, as is indicated in FIG.
52. The angle 288 is now larger than 180 degrees, and the barrel
214 is displaced under the bias of the biasing means 280 towards
the forward position. In FIG. 52 the first end 242 of the barrel
214 no longer contacts the first end 240 of the loading mechanism,
as the loading mechanism is in contact with the shoulder 256. The
second gap 252 has therefore been formed. The barrel 214 moves
further forward under the bias, until the barrel reaches the
forward position, as is shown in FIG. 53. The first gap 250 has now
been formed. It will be appreciated that the first and second
bodies (218, 220) are now free to move to the second configuration
so that the opening 224 is formed.
[0241] As the slide is displaced forwards (typically under spring
bias), the pin 260 moves forward with the slide, until, as is shown
in FIG. 54, it makes contact with the second actuation surface 278,
and causes the actuation body 264 to pivot downwardly, until the
actuation mechanism 262 returns to the configuration as shown in
FIG. 51 (as described above, the first and second bodies (218 and
220) will return to the first configuration as the slide is
displaced forwards).
[0242] The first and second gaps may be between 1 mm and 2 mm, and
therefore, the barrel 214 may typically be displaced between 2 and
4 mm.
[0243] In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the arrangement
may be such that the actuation member interacts with the first
actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves
towards the rearward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation
body to pivot relative to body of the device, so that the barrel is
pulled to the forward position by the link body, and such that the
actuation member interacts with the second actuation surface of the
actuation body when the slide moves towards the forward axial
position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to
body of the device, to push the barrel to the rearward position via
the link body.
[0244] It will be appreciated that any of the example barrel
displacement mechanisms 140 described above in relation to the
device 10 and the barrel 16 may be adapted to displace a barrel to
a forward position rather than a rearward position when the trigger
mechanism 26 is pulled or actuated by a user. It will therefore
furthermore be appreciated that the device 200 may alternatively be
fitted with such an adapted barrel displacement mechanism 140 which
is actuated by the trigger mechanism 26 instead of the slide,
thereby causing the barrel 214 to be displaced to the forward
position. Similarly, the barrel displacement mechanism 258 may be
adapted to be actuated by the trigger mechanism 26 instead of by
the slide.
[0245] The opening 224 into the internal cavity 222 may have a
cross-sectional dimension similar, but slightly larger to a
diameter of the projectile 202, so that the projectile 202 may
easily be received from the magazine 212 into the internal cavity
222. A length of the loading mechanism 216 exceeds a length of the
projectile 202.
[0246] The first and second bodies (218, 220), first and second
actuating formations (230, 232) and the actuating surface on the
slide are all typically manufactured from a polymeric material, and
may be formed by injection moulding. Alternatively, the first and
second bodies (218, 220) may be manufactured from a metallic
material such as stainless steel. The actuating formations (230,
232) and actuating surface on the slide may similarly be of a
metallic material and may have relatively smooth or polished outer
surfaces, to promote sliding or relative movement between these
surfaces.
[0247] As described above, an uppermost projectile located in the
magazine 212 is urged upwards by other projectiles or a follower,
from below. It is therefore pressed against the first and second
bodies (218, 220), which will initially be in the first
configuration. As the slide is moved to the rearwards position, the
first and second bodies (218, 220) moves to the second
configuration as described above, so that the opening 224 is
formed. The uppermost projectile 202 is urged through the opening
into the internal cavity 222. The projectile 202 only has to urged
high enough into the internal cavity 222 so that when the first and
second bodies (218, 220) starts moving back to the first
configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) will contact
a bottom half of the projectile 202.
[0248] As the slide is allowed to move to the forward position, the
first and second bodies (218, 220) therefore returns to the first
configuration, receiving the projectile 202 into the internal
cavity 222. As the opening 224 closes, the first and second bodies
(218, 220) urges the projectile immediately below the uppermost
projectile 202 (which is now located within the internal cavity
222) down, back into the magazine 212.
[0249] Should the slide be moved backwards again, the projectile
already within the loading mechanism 216 will prevent the following
projectile to move into the loading mechanism 216, and again when
the slide is allowed to move to the forwards position, the first
and second bodies (218, 220) will urge the following projectile
downwardly. In this way, and also since the projectiles are loaded
directly from below and not through a rearward opening of the
barrel, the loading mechanism 216 prevents more than one projectile
202 from being loaded into the barrel.
[0250] Furthermore, since the first and second bodies (218, 220)
remains in the first configuration as long as the slide is in the
forwards position, a projectile 202 located within the loading
mechanism 216 (and therefore within the barrel 212) will not fall
from the barrel 212 when the magazine 214 is removed from the grip
14.
[0251] It will again be understood that the second less lethal
device 200 could take various forms other than that of a pistol,
and may include such configurations as rifles and the like.
[0252] It will be understood that the loading mechanism 216 may be
adapted for use with other less-lethal projectiles, and is not
limited to use with the projectile 202.
[0253] It will be appreciated that each of the barrel displacement
mechanisms 140 (irrespective of whether such a barrel displacement
mechanism 140 is adapted to be used by the device 10 or the device
200, and irrespective of whether the barrel displacement mechanism
140 causes a barrel to be displaced to a forward or rearward
position when actuated) may be adapted to be actuated by the slide
of the respective device instead of the trigger mechanism 26.
[0254] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the
invention is not limited to the precise details as described herein
and that many variations are possible without departing from the
scope and spirit of the invention.
[0255] The description above is presented in the cause of providing
what is believed to be the most useful and readily understandable
description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the
invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural
details of the invention in more detail than necessary for a
fundamental understanding of the invention. The words used should
therefore be interpreted as words of description rather than words
of limitation.
* * * * *