U.S. patent application number 15/930835 was filed with the patent office on 2021-11-18 for seat assembly.
The applicant listed for this patent is Lear Corporation. Invention is credited to David Gallagher, Francesco Migneco.
Application Number | 20210354604 15/930835 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005940977 |
Filed Date | 2021-11-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210354604 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Migneco; Francesco ; et
al. |
November 18, 2021 |
SEAT ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A seat assembly may include a seat including a seat base and a
seat back, a sensor, a vent unit disposed at least partially within
the seat back, and/or an electronic control unit (ECU) connected
with the sensor and the vent unit. The ECU may be configured to
determine, via the sensor, if a user of the seat exhibits symptoms
of fatigue. The ECU may be configured to operate the vent unit in a
first mode and a second mode. When the vent unit is in the first
mode, the vent unit may provide cool air to said user of the seat.
When the vent unit is in the second mode, the vent unit may provide
warmer and/or less air to said user of the seat. The ECU may
automatically switch the vent unit between first and second modes
to reduce symptoms of fatigue.
Inventors: |
Migneco; Francesco; (Saline,
MI) ; Gallagher; David; (Sterling Heights,
MI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Lear Corporation |
Southfield |
MI |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005940977 |
Appl. No.: |
15/930835 |
Filed: |
May 13, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60N 2/914 20180201;
B60N 2/976 20180201; B60N 2/5678 20130101; B60N 2/99 20180201; A61B
5/0205 20130101; A61B 2562/0247 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B60N 2/56 20060101
B60N002/56; B60N 2/90 20060101 B60N002/90; A61B 5/0205 20060101
A61B005/0205 |
Claims
1. A seat assembly, including: a seat including a seat base and a
seat back; a sensor; a vent unit disposed at least partially within
the seat back; and an electronic control unit (ECU) connected with
the sensor and the vent unit; wherein the ECU is configured to
determine, via the sensor, if a user of the seat exhibits symptoms
of fatigue; the ECU is configured to operate the vent unit in a
first mode and a second mode; when the vent unit is in the first
mode, the vent unit provides cool air to said user of the seat;
when the vent unit is in the second mode, the vent unit provides a
lesser amount of cool air and/or air at a higher temperature than
the cool air to said user of the seat; and the ECU is configured to
automatically switch the vent unit between the first mode and the
second mode to reduce symptoms of fatigue of said user.
2. The seat assembly of claim 1, including a temperature sensor;
wherein the ECU is configured to communicate with the temperature
sensor to determine an ambient temperature; and the ECU is
configured to control the vent unit such that a cool air
temperature of the cool air is lower than the ambient
temperature.
3. The seat assembly of claim 2, wherein the ambient temperature is
a cabin temperature of a vehicle; and the cool air temperature is
at least about 7 degrees Celsius lower than the ambient
temperature.
4. The seat assembly of claim 2, wherein the cool air temperature
is about 15 degrees Celsius or lower.
5. The seat assembly of claim 1, wherein automatically operating
the vent unit includes repeatedly operating the vent unit in the
first mode for a first duration and operating the vent unit in the
second mode for a second duration to maximize fatigue symptom
reduction.
6. The seat assembly of claim 5, wherein the first duration is
different than the second duration.
7. The seat assembly of claim 1, including a bladder assembly
having one or more bladders disposed in the seat back; wherein the
ECU is configured to inflate and deflate the one or more bladders
while the vent unit is in the first mode to reduce the fatigue
symptoms of said user; and the sensor includes a pressure sensor at
least partially integrated with the bladder assembly.
8. The seat assembly of claim 7, including an additional bladder
assembly having one or more additional bladders disposed in the
seat base; wherein the ECU is configured to inflate and deflate the
one or more additional bladders of the additional bladder assembly
while the vent unit is in the first mode to reduce the fatigue
symptoms of said user.
9. The seat assembly of claim 1, including a first actuator
connected with the seat base and a second actuator connected with
the seat back; wherein the ECU is configured to actuate the seat
base via the first actuator and actuate the seat back via the
second actuator; and when the vent unit is in the first mode, the
ECU is configured to automatically actuate the seat back from a
first seat back position to a second seat back position over a
first duration, maintain the second seat back position for a second
duration, and return the seat back to the first seat back position
after the second duration.
10. The seat assembly of claim 9, wherein a first angle between the
first seat back position and the second seat back position is about
1.5 degrees.
11. The seat assembly of claim 10, wherein the ECU is configured to
actuate the seat base from a first seat base position to a second
seat base position during the first duration; a second angle
between the first seat base position and the second seat base
position is about 1 degree; and the first duration is longer than
the second duration.
12. The seat assembly of claim 11, wherein the first duration is
about four minutes and the second duration is about six
minutes.
13. The seat assembly of claim 11, wherein symptoms of fatigue
include one or more of user movements relative to the seat, reduced
or irregular heart rate, reduced or irregular heart rate
variability, and/or reduced or irregular blood pressure.
14. The seat assembly of claim 1, including a pulsed
electromagnetic field (PEMF) coil assembly including at least one
coil; wherein the ECU is configured to activate the at least one
coil while the vent unit is in the first mode to reduce the fatigue
symptoms of said user.
15. A seat assembly, including: a seat including a seat base, a
seat back, and a headrest; a bladder assembly disposed at least
partially in the seat; a biomedical sensor configured to sense
biomedical information of a user of the seat, the biomedical sensor
at least partially integrated with the bladder assembly; an
actuator assembly configured to control a position of the seat base
and/or the seat back; a vent unit disposed at least partially
within the seat back and including a portion disposed proximate the
headrest; a PEMF coil assembly disposed at least partially in the
seat back; and an ECU configured to control the actuator assembly,
the bladder assembly, the vent unit, and the PEMF coil assembly;
wherein the ECU is configured to determine if the user of the seat
exhibits symptoms of fatigue via the biomedical sensor; the ECU is
configured to automatically operate the vent unit in a first mode
and a second mode in an alternating configuration to reduce the
fatigue symptoms of said user; when the vent unit is in the first
mode, the vent unit provides cool air to an area proximate a neck
of said user; when the vent unit is in the second mode, the vent
unit provides a lesser amount of cool air and/or provides air at a
higher temperature than the cool air; and the ECU is configured to
automatically activate the actuator assembly, the bladder assembly,
and the PEMF coil assembly when the vent unit is in the first mode
to reduce the fatigue symptoms of said user.
16. A method of operating a seat assembly including a seat, a
biomedical sensor, a vent unit, and an ECU connected with the
biomedical sensor and the vent unit, the method including: sensing,
via the biomedical sensor, if a user of the seat exhibits symptoms
of fatigue; and automatically operating the vent unit in a first
mode for a first duration and in a second mode for a second
duration to reduce symptoms of fatigue of said user; wherein when
the vent unit is in the first mode, the vent unit supplies cool air
to said user; and when the vent unit is in the second mode, the
vent unit provides a lesser amount of cool air and/or provides air
at a higher temperature than the cool air.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein automatically operating the
vent unit includes alternating between the first mode and the
second mode for a venting duration to maximize an effectiveness of
the vent unit for reducing symptoms of fatigue.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first duration is less than
the second duration; and the venting duration is at least twice as
long as the first duration and the second duration combined.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the cool air includes a
temperate that is at least about 7 degrees cooler than a cabin
temperature and is about 15 degrees Celsius or lower.
20. The method of claim 16, including automatically operating an
actuator assembly, a bladder assembly, and a coil assembly to
reduce the symptoms of fatigue of the user while automatically
operating the vent unit.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to seat assemblies
including seat assemblies that may be used in connection with
automatically sensing and reducing fatigue.
BACKGROUND
[0002] This background description is set forth below for the
purpose of providing context only. Therefore, any aspect of this
background description, to the extent that it does not otherwise
qualify as prior art, is neither expressly nor impliedly admitted
as prior art against the instant disclosure.
[0003] Some seat assemblies may not when a user is experiencing
fatigue. For example, some set assemblies may not be configured to
reduce fatigue of a user by supplying cool air proximate a neck of
a user.
[0004] There is a desire for solutions/options that minimize or
eliminate one or more challenges or shortcomings of seat
assemblies. The foregoing discussion is intended only to illustrate
examples of the present field and is not a disavowal of scope.
SUMMARY
[0005] In embodiments, a seat assembly may include a seat including
a seat base and a seat back, a sensor, a vent unit disposed at
least partially within the seat back, and/or an electronic control
unit (ECU) connected with the sensor and the vent unit. The ECU may
be configured to determine, via the sensor, if a user of the seat
exhibits symptoms of fatigue. The ECU may be configured to operate
the vent unit in a first mode and a second mode. When the vent unit
is in the first mode, the vent unit may provide cool air to said
user of the seat. When the vent unit is in the second mode, the
vent unit may provide a lesser amount of cool air and/or air at a
higher temperature than the cool air to said user of the seat. The
ECU may be configured to automatically switch the vent unit between
the first mode and the second mode to reduce symptoms of fatigue of
said user.
[0006] With embodiments, a seat assembly may include a seat
including a seat base, a seat back, and a headrest, a bladder
assembly disposed at least partially in the seat, a biomedical
sensor configured to sense biomedical information of a user of the
seat, an actuator assembly configured to control a position of the
seat base and/or the seat back, a vent unit disposed at least
partially within the seat back and including a portion disposed
proximate the headrest, a PEMF coil assembly disposed at least
partially in the seat back, and/or an ECU configured to control the
actuator assembly, the bladder assembly, the vent unit, and the
PEMF coil assembly. The biomedical sensor may be at least partially
integrated with the bladder assembly. The ECU may be configured to
determine, via the biomedical sensor, if a user of the seat
exhibits symptoms of fatigue. The ECU may be configured to
automatically operate the vent unit in a first mode and a second
mode in an alternating configuration to reduce the fatigue symptoms
of said user. When the vent unit is in the first mode, the vent
unit may provide cool air to an area proximate a neck of said user.
When the vent unit is in the second mode, the vent unit may provide
a lesser amount of cool air and/or provides air at a higher
temperature than the cool air. The ECU may be configured to
automatically activate the actuator assembly, the bladder assembly,
and/or the PEMF coil assembly when the vent unit is in the first
mode to reduce the fatigue symptoms of said user.
[0007] In embodiments, a method of operating a seat assembly may
include sensing, via the biometric sensor, if a user of the seat
exhibits symptoms of fatigue, and/or automatically operating the
vent unit in a first mode for a first duration and in a second mode
for a second duration to reduce the symptoms of fatigue of said
user. When the vent unit is in the first mode, the vent unit may
supply cool air to said user. When the vent unit is in the second
mode, the vent unit may provide a lesser amount of cool air and/or
provides air at a higher temperature than the cool air.
[0008] The foregoing and other potential aspects, features,
details, utilities, and/or advantages of examples/embodiments of
the present disclosure will be apparent from reading the following
description, and from reviewing the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] While the claims are not limited to a specific illustration,
an appreciation of various aspects may be gained through a
discussion of various examples. The drawings are not necessarily to
scale, and certain features may be exaggerated or hidden to better
illustrate and explain an innovative aspect of an example. Further,
the exemplary illustrations described herein are not exhaustive or
otherwise limiting, and are not restricted to the precise form and
configuration shown in the drawings or disclosed in the following
detailed description. Exemplary illustrations are described in
detail by referring to the drawings as follows:
[0010] FIG. 1 is a side view generally illustrating an embodiment
of a seat assembly according to teachings of the present
disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a front view generally illustrating portions of an
embodiment of a seat assembly according to teachings of the present
disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a schematic via generally illustrating portions of
an embodiment of a seat assembly according to teachings of the
present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a graph generally illustrating an embodiment of
operating a seat assembly according to teachings of the present
disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 5 is a flowchart generally illustrating an embodiment
of a method of operating a seat assembly according to teachings of
the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the
present disclosure, examples of which are described herein and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the present
disclosure will be described in conjunction with embodiments and/or
examples, it will be understood that they do not limit the present
disclosure to these embodiments and/or examples. On the contrary,
the present disclosure covers alternatives, modifications, and
equivalents.
[0016] In embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1 and
2, a seat assembly 20 may include a seat 30, an electronic control
unit (ECU) 50, a sensor 70, an actuator assembly 78 having a first
actuator 80 and/or a second actuator 82, a first bladder assembly
90, a second bladder assembly 100, a vent unit 120, and/or a pulsed
electromagnetic field (PEW') coil assembly 130. The ECU 50 may be
connected with the seat 30, the sensor 70, the actuator assembly
78, the first bladder assembly 90, the second bladder assembly 100,
the vent unit 120, and/or the PEWF coil assembly 130.
[0017] With embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to determine
if a user (e.g., an occupant of the seat 30) exhibits
signs/symptoms of fatigue, such as via the sensor 70 and/or a user
interface 72. Symptoms of fatigue may, for example and without
limitation, include large movements/fidgets by the user relative to
the seat 30 that may be associated with long occupancy periods
(e.g., vehicle trips of about 30 minutes or more). The ECU 50 may
be configured to activate/control the first actuator 80, the second
actuator 82, the first bladder assembly 90, the second bladder
assembly 100, the vent unit 120, and/or the PEMF coil assembly 130,
such as to reduce discomfort and/or reduce symptoms of fatigue of a
user.
[0018] With embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1
and 2, a seat assembly 20 may include one or more seats 30. The
seat 30 may include a seat base 32, a seat back 34, and/or a
headrest 36. The seat 30 may be selectively connected (e.g.,
electrically and/or mechanically) to a track assembly 40. The ECU
50 may be configured to at least partially control operation of the
seat 30. The ECU 50 may be electrically connected to the seat 30,
such as via the track assembly 40. The seat 30 may be connected
with the track assembly 40 via a support member 38. The support
member 38 may be selectively connected with the track assembly 40.
For example and without limitation, the support member 38 may be
configured to be inserted vertically and/or horizontally into the
track assembly 40. The support member 38 may be configured to be
removed vertically and/or horizontally from the track assembly 40.
The support member 38 may be configured to move along the track
assembly 40 (e.g., in an X-direction and/or a Y-direction).
[0019] In embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1 and
2, a track assembly 40 may be disposed on and/or fixed to a
mounting surface 42 (e.g., a vehicle floor). The track assembly 40
may be configured to receive the seat 30 substantially in an
X-direction (e.g., a longitudinal direction) and/or a Z-direction
(e.g., a vertical direction). The seat 30 and/or the support member
38 may be configured to be selectively inserted into and/or
selectively removed from the track assembly 40 in one or more of a
variety of locations along the track assembly 40 (e.g., one
location, two locations, three or more locations, etc.). The track
assembly 40 may, for example and without limitation, include one or
more of variety of shapes, sizes, and/or configurations. The track
assembly 40 may extend in an X-direction and/or a Y-direction
(e.g., a transverse direction) such that the seat 30 may move in
the X-direction and/or the Y-direction along the track assembly 40.
With embodiments, a seat 30 may be connected to a mounting surface
42 independently of a track assembly 40 and/or a support member 38
(e.g., a seat assembly 20 may not include a track assembly 40).
[0020] With embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1,
2, and 3, the seat assembly 20 may include one or more sensors 70.
A sensor 70 may be configured to sense (e.g., measure, detect,
obtain, monitor, etc.) biomedical and/or biometric information of
the user occupying the seat 30, and the sensor 70 may be referred
to herein as a biomedical sensor 70, but is not limited to a
biomedical sensor. The sensor 70 may be configured to identify a
user, and/or sense heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure,
fidgets/movements, and/or other information related to the user.
For example and without limitation, the sensor 70 may include one
or more cameras/visual devices, heart rate sensors, breathing rate
sensors, blood pressure sensors, and/or fidget/movement sensors
(e.g., force/pressure sensors), among others. The sensor 70 may be
disposed proximate the seat 30, such as in a vehicle cabin, in the
seat base 32, and/or the seat back 34. The sensor 70 may be
disposed substantially proximate a seating surface 30A of the seat
30, such as to increase the accuracy of sensed biomedical
information. The sensor 70 may be configured to sense and/or obtain
information associated with or indicating fatigue and/or discomfort
of a user of/occupying the seat 30. Fatigue symptoms may, for
example and without limitation, include increased or more
significant movement/fidgeting, reduced or irregular heart rate,
reduced or irregular heart rate variability, and/or reduced or
irregular blood pressure (e.g., relative to baseline
values/information that may be provided to and/or determined by the
ECU 50), among others.
[0021] With embodiments, a sensor 70 may, for example and without
limitation, include portions of and/or be integrated at least
partially with the first bladder assembly 90 and/or the second
bladder assembly 10. In some circumstances, the sensor 70 may
include one or more pressure sensors connected to and/or integrated
with the first bladder assembly 90 and/or the second bladder
assembly 100. Changes in pressure in the bladder assemblies 90, 100
(and/or bladders thereof) may be sensed via the sensor 70 and may
indicate that a user is fidgeting and/or is experiencing
discomfort. The amount of a pressure change may correspond to the
magnitude of the movement.
[0022] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may be electrically connected
(e.g., via wired and/or wireless connection) with the sensor 70,
such as to determine if the user exhibits signs of
fatigue/discomfort. The ECU 50 may be configured to activate one or
more seat functions, such as the first actuator 80, the second
actuator 82, the first bladder assembly 90, the second bladder
assembly 100, the vent unit 120, and/or the PEMF coil assembly 130,
to reduce sensed fatigue symptoms/discomfort of the user.
Additionally or alternatively, the user may manually activate the
first actuator 80, the second actuator 82, the first bladder
assembly 90, the second bladder assembly 100, the vent unit 120,
and/or the PEMF coil assembly 130, such as via a user interface 72
(e.g., when the user desires to reduce symptoms of fatigue and/or
discomfort). The user interface 72 may be configured to receive one
or more of a variety of inputs (e.g., physical touch, audio,
motion, etc.) from the user. For example and without limitation, at
least a portion of the user interface 72 may be disposed
substantially proximate the seat 30 such that the user may interact
with the user interface 72 via physical touch.
[0023] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to monitor
automatic and/or manual use of seat functions, such as the first
actuator 80, the second actuator 82, the first bladder assembly 90,
the second bladder assembly 100, the vent unit 120, and/or the PEMF
coil assembly 130. The ECU 50 may, for example, monitor use of the
seat assembly 20 to predict (via machine learning) when the user is
likely to experience fatigue/discomfort during a trip. For example
and without limitation, if a user has a history of manually
activating one of more seat functions and/or exhibiting fatigue
symptoms after a certain amount of time into trips, the ECU 50 may
automatically activate one or more seat functions before that
certain time. The ECU 50 may proactively activate functions of the
seat assembly 20 to prevent and/or minimize user fatigue
symptoms/discomfort.
[0024] With embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1,
2, and 3, an actuator assembly 78 of a seat assembly 20 may include
a first actuator 80 that may be connected with the seat base 32
and/or may include a second actuator 82 that may be connected with
the seat back 34. The first actuator 80 and/or the second actuator
82 may be connected to and/or disposed at least partially in the
seat 30 and/or the support member 38. The first actuator 80 may be
configured to actuate (e.g., rotate, shift, tilt, etc.) the seat
base 32. The second actuator 82 may be configured to actuate the
seat back 34. For example and without limitation, the first
actuator 80 may be configured to rotate the seat base 32 in a first
direction (e.g., clockwise in FIG. 1) and/or a second direction
(e.g., counterclockwise in FIG. 1), such as about 90 degrees or
more or less. The second actuator 82 may be configured to rotate
the seat back 34 in a first direction (e.g., clockwise in FIG. 1)
and/or a second direction (e.g., counterclockwise in FIG. 1), such
as about 180 degrees, or more or less. The ECU 50 may be configured
to control operation of the first actuator 80 and/or the second
actuator 82. For example and without limitation, the first actuator
80 and/or the second actuator 82 may be electrically connected
(e.g., via wired and/or wireless connection) with the ECU 50. The
first actuator 80 and/or the second actuator 82 may be manually
controlled by the user, such as via the user interface 72, and/or
may be automatically controlled by the ECU 50 (e.g., for
automatically preventing/reducing discomfort and/or fatigue
symptoms).
[0025] In embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2,
and 3, a first bladder assembly 90 may include one or more bladders
92.sub.N (e.g., fluid bladders). For example and without
limitation, the first bladder assembly 90 may include a first
bladder 92.sub.1, a second bladder 92.sub.2, a third bladder
92.sub.3, a fourth bladder 92.sub.4, a fifth bladder 92.sub.5,
and/or a sixth bladder 92.sub.6. The first bladder assembly 90 may
be disposed at least partially and/or substantially in the seat
back 34. The first bladder 92.sub.1, the third bladder 92.sub.3,
and/or the fifth bladder 92.sub.5 may be disposed substantially
proximate a first side 34A of the seat back 34 (e.g., the left side
in FIG. 2) and/or a first bolster 34C of the seat back 34. The
second bladder 92.sub.2, the fourth bladder 92.sub.4, and/or the
sixth bladder 92.sub.6 may be disposed substantially proximate a
second side 34B of the seat back 34 (e.g., the right side in FIG.
2) and/or a second bolster 34D of the seat back 34. The first side
34A of the seat back 34 may be substantially opposite the second
side 34B of the seat back 34. The first bladder 92.sub.1 and/or the
second bladder 92.sub.2 may be disposed in the seat back 34 such
that the first bladder 92.sub.1 and/or the second bladder 92.sub.2
may be generally proximate a shoulder area of the user. The third
bladder 92.sub.3 and/or the fourth bladder 92.sub.4 may be disposed
in the seat back 34 such that the third bladder 92.sub.3 and/or the
fourth bladder 92.sub.4 may be generally proximate a thoracic area
of the user (e.g., below the first and second bladders 92.sub.1,
92.sub.2). The fifth bladder 92.sub.5 and/or the sixth bladder
92.sub.6 may be disposed in the seat back 34 such that the fifth
bladder 92.sub.5 and/or the sixth bladder 92.sub.6 may be generally
proximate a lumbar area of the user (e.g., below the third and
fourth bladders 92.sub.3, 92.sub.4).
[0026] With embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured control
operation (e.g., inflation/deflation) of the bladders 92.sub.N. For
example and without limitation, the ECU 50 may be may be
electrically connected (e.g., via wired and/or wireless connection)
with the first bladder assembly 90 and/or a fluid source 74 that
may be in fluid communication with the first bladder assembly 90,
such as via one or more fluid conduits 76 (e.g., tubes, hoses,
ducts, etc.). The fluid source 74 may, for example and without
limitation, include a fluid pump, a fan, fluid reservoir, and/or
one or more control valves, among other components, that may be
configured to selectively provide fluid (e.g., air) to and/or
remove fluid from the first bladder assembly 90 and/or the second
bladder assembly 100. The ECU 50 may control the fluid source 74 to
control the bladder assemblies 90, 100.
[0027] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to
independently control operation of the first bladder 92.sub.1, the
second bladder 92.sub.2, the third bladder 92.sub.3, the fourth
bladder 92.sub.4, the fifth bladder 92.sub.5, and/or the sixth
bladder 92.sub.6. The ECU 50 may inflate and/or deflate the first
bladder assembly 90 such as to provide a massaging effect to the
back of a user. The ECU 50 may be configured to inflate the
bladders 92.sub.N to one or more of a variety of pressures (e.g.,
that may be associated with a variety of massage pressure
intensities). For example and without limitation, the ECU 50 may
inflate the bladders 92.sub.N to a first level of intensity and/or
a second level of intensity. The first level of intensity of the
bladders 92.sub.N may correspond with a light massaging. The second
level of intensity of the bladders 92.sub.N may correspond to a
pressure to warm up tissues in the back of the user. The second
level of intensity of the bladders 92.sub.N may apply a greater
pressure to the back of a user than the first level of intensity of
the bladders 92.sub.N.
[0028] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to
automatically activate the first bladder assembly 90 upon
determining that the user exhibits symptoms of fatigue/discomfort.
For example and without limitation, the ECU 50 may determine that
the user exhibits signs of fatigue/discomfort, such as via the
sensor 70, and/or in response, the ECU 50 may automatically
activate the first bladder 92.sub.1, the second bladder 92.sub.2,
the fifth bladder 92.sub.5, and/or the sixth bladder 92.sub.6 at
the first level and/or the second level. Additionally or
alternatively, the user may manually activate the bladders
92.sub.N, such as via the user interface 72 that may be connected
with the ECU 50 and/or the first bladder assembly 90. With some
embodiments, the user may manually control inflation and/or
deflation of respective bladders 92.sub.N independently, such as to
the first level and/or the second level via the user interface
72.
[0029] With embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1,
2, and 3, the second bladder assembly 100 may include one or more
bladders. For example and without limitation, the second bladder
assembly 100 may include one or more second assembly bladders 102.
The second assembly bladders 102 may, for example, be disposed
substantially in the seat base 32, such as at or about a bight line
and/or at or about bolsters 32A, 32B of the seat base. The ECU 50
may control the second bladder assembly 100, such as via an
electrical connection, and/or via a fluid source 74 that may be in
fluid communication with the bladder 102. The ECU 50 may be
configured to inflate and/or deflate the bladder 102, such as to
adjust a position of the user while occupying the seat 30.
Inflating and deflating the bladder 102 (e.g., adjusting the
seating position of the user) may reduce fatigue/discomfort and/or
fidgets exhibited by the user. The ECU 50 may inflate the bladder
102 to one or more of a variety of different pressures. For example
and without limitation, the ECU 50 may (e.g., automatically)
inflate the bladder 102 to a low pressure, a medium pressure,
and/or a high pressure, such as according to a degree of
fatigue/discomfort sensed via the sensor 70. The ECU 50 may inflate
the bladder 102 to the low pressure to reduce a lesser degree of
fatigue/discomfort, and/or the ECU 50 may inflate the bladder 102
to the high pressure to reduce a greater degree of
fatigue/discomfort.
[0030] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to
automatically activate the second bladder assembly 100 upon
determining (e.g., via the sensor 70) that the user exhibits
signs/symptoms of fatigue/discomfort. The ECU 50 may automatically
inflate the second assembly bladder 102 to an appropriate pressure
level (e.g., low pressure, medium pressure, and/or high pressure)
to minimize one or more of a variety of fatigue levels of the user.
Additionally or alternatively, the user may manually activate the
bladder 102 (e.g. at a variety of pressures), such as via the user
interface 72 that may be connected with the ECU 50 and/or the
second bladder assembly 100.
[0031] With embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1,
2, and 3, a seat assembly 20 may include a vent unit 120. A vent
unit 120 may, for example and without limitation, include an air
conditioner, a fan, a pump, a heater, and/or one or more air ducts.
The vent unit 120 may be configured to provide air substantially
proximate an upper portion of the seat back 34 and/or substantially
proximate the headrest 36, such as to provide air to a head, a
neck, a shoulder area, and/or a torso of a user. The vent unit 120
may, for example and without limitation, be configured to move air
from an area inside of the seat back 34 (and/or behind/below the
seat back 34) to an area proximate a seating surface 30A of the
seat back 34 (e.g., substantially proximate a head, neck,
shoulders, and/or torso of the user). The vent unit 120 may be
electrically connected (e.g., via wired and/or wireless connection)
with the ECU 50, and/or the ECU 50 may be configured to control the
vent unit 120. The ECU 50 may be configured to control the
temperature of the air provided by the vent unit 120. The vent unit
120 may be configured to provide air at a plurality of
temperatures. For example and without limitation, the vent unit 120
may be configured provide cool air (e.g., cooler than an ambient
temperature) that may have a cool air temperature of about 15
degrees Celsius or less, and/or a cool air temperature about 7
degrees Celsius or more below an ambient temperature. A vent unit
120 may be disposed partially and/or substantially in the seat 30,
such as in the seat back 34.
[0032] In embodiments, a seat assembly 20 may include one or more
temperatures sensors, such as a first temperature sensor 122 and/or
a second temperature sensor 124, that may be connected (e.g., via
wired and/or wireless connection) to the ECU 50. The first
temperature sensor 122 may be configured as an ambient temperature
sensor and/or may be configured to obtain information relating to
one or more ambient temperatures. The ambient temperature may
include an exterior temperature (e.g., outside a vehicle) and/or an
interior temperature (e.g., a vehicle interior/cabin temperature).
The second temperature sensor 124 may be disposed proximate an
outlet 120A of and/or at least partially within the vent unit 120.
The ECU 50 may monitor the temperature of the air provided by the
vent unit 120 via the second temperature sensor 124. For example
and without limitation, the ECU 50 may utilize the second
temperature sensor 124 to verify that the temperature of the air
provided to the user is within a threshold range of a temperature
that may be selected by the user (via the user interface 72) and/or
the ECU 50.
[0033] With embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to control
the vent unit 120 to provide cool air proximate an upper portion of
the body of the user, such as to the ears, the neck, the shoulders,
and/or the torso of the user. The ECU 50 may, for example and
without limitation, provide cool air to the user to trigger a
diving reflex of the user. Triggering a diving reflex involve
lowering the temperature proximate the ears, head, neck, shoulders,
and/or torso of the user, and may result in one or more
physiological changes in the user, such as changes in heart rate,
blood pressure, and/or breathing rate/pattern, among others. One or
more of such physiological changes may generally tend to counter
and/or reduce symptoms of fatigue, at least temporarily.
[0034] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to
automatically activate the vent unit 120 upon sensing (e.g., via
the sensor 70) that the user exhibits symptoms of
fatigue/discomfort. Activating the vent unit 120 may include
operating the vent unit 120 in a first mode and/or a second mode.
When the ECU 50 operates the vent unit 120 in the first mode, the
vent unit 120 may provide cool air to an upper portion of the user.
When the ECU 50 operates the vent unit 120 in the second mode, the
vent unit 120 may provide air that is warmer than the cool air
provided in the first mode (e.g., may provide air at or about an
ambient temperature) and/or may not provide a substantial amount of
air to the user. The ECU 50 may operate the vent unit 120 in the
first mode for a first duration, and/or may operate the vent unit
120 in the second mode for a second duration. For example and
without limitation, the first duration may be about 4 minutes or
more or less, and/or the second duration may be about 6 minutes or
more or less. The ECU 50 may be configured to cycle the vent unit
120 between the first mode and/or the second mode for the first
duration and/or the second duration, respectively, for a number of
cycles (e.g., repeatedly). Switching from the first mode to the
second mode may allow the user and/or air proximate the user to
warm up so that when the vent unit 120 switches back to the first
mode, the cool air is materially cooler than the user and/or the
air proximate the user, which may facilitate triggering the diving
reflex of the user again and/or may maximize fatigue symptom
reduction via the vent unit 120. If the vent unit 120 is operated
in the first mode for an extended period of time, the user may
become accustomed to the cool air and/or the effects of triggering
the diving reflex may taper off.
[0035] With embodiments, the ECU 50 may (e.g., automatically) cycle
the vent unit 120 between the first mode and/or the second mode
until the sensed biomedical information indicates that the user no
longer exhibits or exhibits fewer/less severe symptoms of fatigue.
Additionally or alternatively, the ECU 50 may prompt the user for
input, such as via the user interface 72, to determine whether to
maintain operation (e.g., cyclic operation) of the vent unit 120 or
whether to deactivate the vent unit 120. The user may manually
activate the vent unit 120 at one or more of a variety of
temperatures and/or may override control of the vent unit 120 by
the ECU 50 (at least temporarily), such as via the user interface
72, which may be connected with the ECU 50 and the vent unit
120.
[0036] In embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2,
and 3, a seat assembly 20 may include a PEMF coil assembly 130. The
PEMF coil assembly 130 may include one or more PEMF coils
132.sub.N. For example and without limitation, the PEMF coil
assembly 130 may include a first coil 132.sub.1, a second coil
132.sub.2, a third coil 132.sub.3, a fourth coil 132.sub.4, a fifth
coil 132.sub.5, and/or a sixth coil 132.sub.6. The coils 132.sub.N
may be disposed in the seat back 34. The coils 132.sub.N may be
disposed in one or more locations within the seat back 34. For
example and without limitation, such as generally shown in FIG. 1,
the coils 132.sub.N may be disposed substantially proximate the
bladders 92.sub.N of the first bladder assembly 90. With
embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIG. 2, the coils
132.sub.N may be disposed at least partially within the bladders
92.sub.N of the first bladder assembly 90. For example and without
limitation, the first coil 132.sub.1 may be disposed at least
partially in the first bladder 92.sub.1, the second coil 132.sub.2
may be disposed at least partially in the second bladder 92.sub.2,
the third coil 132.sub.3 may be disposed at least partially in the
third bladder 92.sub.3, the fourth coil 132.sub.4 may be disposed
at least partially in the fourth bladder 92.sub.4, the fifth coil
132.sub.5 may be disposed at least partially in the fifth bladder
92.sub.5, and/or the sixth coil 132.sub.6 may be disposed at least
partially in the sixth bladder 92.sub.6. The PEMF coil assembly 130
may be electrically connected (e.g., via wired and/or wireless
connection) with the ECU 50 such that the ECU 50 may activate
and/or deactivate the coils 132.sub.N of the PEMF coil assembly 130
(e.g., independently).
[0037] With embodiments, the ECU 50 may activate one or more coils
132.sub.N to reduce fatigue symptoms and/or discomfort, such as
fatigue symptoms and/or discomfort that may be associated with
osteo-articular pain and/or inflammation. The ECU 50 may
independently control operation of the coils 132.sub.N to apply
PEMF therapy to specific areas of the user. For example and without
limitation, the ECU 50 may operate the first coil 132.sub.1 and/or
the second coil 132.sub.2 to provide PEMF therapy substantially
proximate a neck/shoulder area of the user. The ECU 50 may operate
the third coil 132.sub.3 and/or the fourth coil 132.sub.4 to
provide PEMF therapy substantially proximate a thoracic area of the
user. The ECU 50 may operate the fifth coil 132.sub.5 and/or the
sixth coil 132.sub.6 to provide PEMF therapy substantially
proximate a lumbar area of the user.
[0038] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to
automatically activate the PEMF coil assembly 130 upon sensing that
the user is experiencing fatigue symptoms and/or discomfort (e.g.,
via the sensor 70). Additionally or alternatively, the user may
manually activate the coils 132.sub.N of the PEMF coil assembly
130, such as via the user interface 72, which may be connected with
the ECU 50 and/or the PEMF coil assembly 130. The user may, for
example, operate the coils 132.sub.N individually to address
targeted areas of inflammation and/or osteo-articular pain.
[0039] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may determine if the user of the
seat 30 is a driver/pilot of a vehicle (e.g., if the seat 30 is
disposed in a vehicle, whether the seat 30 is a driver seat), such
as according to user input via the user interface 72, and/or
whether the user is experiencing fatigue symptoms and/or
discomfort. If the ECU 50 determines that user is the driver, the
ECU 50 may be configured to activate the first bladder assembly 90,
the second bladder assembly 100, the vent unit 120, and/or the PEMF
coil assembly 130 to reduce fatigue symptoms and/or discomfort.
[0040] With embodiments, the ECU 50 may be configured to determine
if the seat 30 is not occupied by a driver (e.g., is not a driver
seat) and/or the ECU 50 may be configured to operate functions of a
seat 30 differently if the user associated with the seat is not a
driver. For example and without limitation, the ECU 50 may suggest
activating one or more seat functions to the user, and may suggest
not triggering the vent unit 120 to non-driving users if such users
are trying to rest/sleep. In some circumstances, the ECU 50 may be
configured not to activate the first actuator 80 and/or the second
actuator 82 if doing so would interfere with the driving ability of
the driver. Additionally and alternatively, if the seat base 32
and/or the seat back 34 are not able to be actuated (e.g., if
actuating the seat base 32 and/or the seat back 34 may cause
contact with another seat, cargo, and/or other user), the ECU 50
may activate the second bladder assembly 100 to reposition the user
as an alternative to repositioning the user via the first actuator
80 and/or the second actuator 82.
[0041] With embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIG. 6, a
method 170 of operating a seat assembly 20 may include providing a
seat 30, an ECU 50, a sensor 70, an actuator assembly 78, a first
bladder assembly 90, a second bladder assembly 100, a vent unit
120, and/or a PEMF coil assembly 130 (step 172). The ECU 50 may be
connected to and/or configured to control the sensor 70, the first
actuator 80, the second actuator 82, the first bladder assembly 90,
the second bladder assembly 100, the vent unit 120, and/or the PEMF
coil assembly 130. The method 170 may include sensing information
(e.g., biomedical information, fatigue symptoms, etc.) of the user
occupying the seat 30, via the sensor 70, such as to determine if
the user exhibits signs/symptoms of fatigue and/or discomfort (step
174). If the user is in a state of fatigue (e.g., as determined by
the ECU 50 and/or the sensor 70), the method 170 may include
selectively activating one or more seat functions, such as the
first actuator 80, the second actuator 82, the first bladder
assembly 90, the second bladder assembly 100, the vent unit 120,
and/or the PEMF coil assembly 130 to reduce fatigue symptoms
exhibited by the user (see, e.g., FIGS. 4 and 5).
[0042] With embodiments, the method 170 may include activating the
vent unit 120, such as to reduce fatigue symptoms of the user (step
176). In embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIG. 4,
activating the vent unit 120 may include operating the vent unit
120 in the first mode for a first duration, such as about 4 minutes
or more or less, and/or the second mode for a second duration, such
as about 6 minutes or more or less (see, e.g., plot 152).
Activating the vent unit 120 may include moving cool air to an area
substantially proximate a neck/shoulder area of a user (e.g., which
may trigger a diving reflex).
[0043] With embodiments, the method 170 may include actuating
(e.g., automatically) the seat base 32 via the first actuator 80,
and/or actuating the seat back 34 via the second actuator 82 (step
178), such as while the ECU 50 operates the vent unit 120 in the
first mode. Activating the first actuator 80 may include rotating
the seat base 32 from a first seat base position to a second seat
base position in a first direction (e.g., upwards). The first seat
base position and the second seat base position may be about 1
degree, or more or less, apart (e.g., angle .beta. as shown in FIG.
1). The first actuator 80 may move the seat base 32 from the first
seat base position to the second seat base position over a first
duration, which may, for example and without limitation, be about
seven seconds or more or less (see, e.g., first actuator plot 160
in FIG. 4). The ECU 50 may maintain the seat base 32 in the second
seat base position for a second duration, which may, for example
and without limitation, be about five seconds, or more or less.
After the second duration, the ECU 50 control the first actuator 80
to rotate the seat base 32 from the second seat base position back
to the first seat base position (e.g., in the second direction
about 1 degree) over a third duration, which may, for example and
without limitation, be about seven seconds (e.g., the third
duration may be substantially the same as the first duration).
[0044] In embodiments, activating the second actuator 82 may
include rotating the seat back 34 from a first seat back position
to a second seat back position in a first direction (e.g.,
backwards), such as about 1.5 degrees or more or less (e.g., angle
.beta. in FIG. 1). The second actuator 82 may move the seat base 32
from the first seat back position to the second seat back position
over a first duration, which may, for example and without
limitation, be about seven seconds or more or less (see, e.g.,
second actuator plot 162 in FIG. 4). The ECU 50 may maintain the
seat back 34 in the second seat back position for a second
duration, which may, for example and without limitation, be about
five seconds, or more or less. After the second duration, the ECU
50 control the second actuator 82 to rotate the seat back 34 from
the second seat back position back to the first seat back position
(e.g., in the second direction about 1 degree) over a third
duration, which may, for example and without limitation, be about
seven seconds (e.g., the third duration may be substantially the
same as the first duration).
[0045] In some circumstances, the ECU 50 may move the seat base 32
and the seat back 34 from respective first positions to respective
second positions at substantially the same time over substantially
the same duration (e.g., a first duration), maintain second
positions of the seat base 32 and the seat back 34 for the same
duration (e.g., a second duration), and/or return the seat base 32
and the seat back 34 to respective first positions over the same
duration (e.g., a third duration). In other circumstances, the seat
base 32 and the seat back 34 may be operated at different times
and/or for different durations. With embodiments, movement of the
seat base 32 between the first and second seat base positions may
be relatively subtle and/or may not, on its own, be intended to
make the user more alert, but may shift the position of the user,
at least to some degree, which may reduce discomfort.
[0046] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may operate the vent unit 120 in
a cyclical mode for a venting duration, which may include multiple
sets of the first vent unit duration, the second vent unit
duration, and/or the third vent unit duration. The venting duration
may, for example and without limitation, be at least twice as long
as the first duration and the second duration combined.
[0047] In embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 4 and
5, the method 170 may include automatically activating the first
bladder assembly 90 (step 180), such as while the ECU 50 operates
the vent unit 120 in the first mode and/or the second mode.
Activating the first bladder assembly 90 may include
periodically/cyclically inflating and/or deflating the first
bladder 92.sub.1, the second bladder 92.sub.2, the fifth bladder
92.sub.5, and/or the sixth bladder 92.sub.6 to massage a lumbar
area and/or a shoulder area of the user (see, e.g., plot 154 in
FIG. 4). The method 170 may include activating the second bladder
assembly 100 (step 182), such as while the ECU 50 operates the vent
unit 120 in the first mode and/or the second mode. Activating the
second bladder assembly 100 may include periodically/cyclically
inflating and/or deflating the bladder 102 of the second bladder
assembly 100, such as to reposition the legs and/or hips of the
user, at least to some degree, which may reduce fatigue symptoms
and/or discomfort (see, e.g., plot 156 FIG. 4).
[0048] With embodiments, such as generally illustrated in FIGS. 4
and 5, the method 170 may include activating (e.g., automatically)
a PEMF coil assembly 130 (step 184), such as while the ECU 50
operates the vent unit 120 in the first mode and/or the second
mode. Activating the PEMF coil assembly 130 may include
periodically supplying power to the first coil 132.sub.1, the
second coil 132.sub.2, the third coil 132.sub.3, the fourth coil
132.sub.4, the fifth coil 132.sub.5, and/or the sixth coil
132.sub.6 (e.g., such as generally shown in plot 158 of FIG. 5)
while the first bladder assembly 90 and/or the second bladder
assembly 100 are activated. Activating the coils 132.sub.N may
reduce fatigue symptoms of the user associated with osteo-articular
pain and/or inflammation.
[0049] In embodiments, the ECU 50 may monitor information of the
user to determine if the user exhibits signs and/or symptoms of
fatigue and/or discomfort, such as before, during, and/or after
operating one or more seat functions (step 186). If the ECU 50
determines that fatigue/symptoms of the user were not sufficiently
reduced via operation of one or more seat functions (e.g., the
first actuator 80, the second actuator 82, the first bladder
assembly 90, the second bladder assembly 100, the vent unit 120,
and/or the PEMF coil assembly 130), the ECU 50 may continue to
operate and/or cycle operation of one or more seat functions. If
the ECU 50 determines that fatigue/symptoms of the user were
sufficiently reduced (e.g., the user is fidgeting less, is more
alert, etc.), the ECU 50 may deactivate some or all seat
functions.
[0050] In examples, an ECU 50 may include an electronic controller
and/or include an electronic processor, such as a programmable
microprocessor and/or microcontroller. In embodiments, an ECU 50
may include, for example, an application specific integrated
circuit (ASIC). An ECU 50 may include a central processing unit
(CPU), a memory (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage
medium), and/or an input/output (I/O) interface. An ECU 50 may be
configured to perform various functions, including those described
in greater detail herein, with appropriate programming instructions
and/or code embodied in software, hardware, and/or other medium. In
embodiments, an ECU 50 may include a plurality of controllers. In
embodiments, an ECU 50 may be connected to a display, such as a
touchscreen display.
[0051] Various examples/embodiments are described herein for
various apparatuses, systems, and/or methods. Numerous specific
details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the
overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the
examples/embodiments as described in the specification and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood by
those skilled in the art, however, that the examples/embodiments
may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances,
well-known operations, components, and elements have not been
described in detail so as not to obscure the examples/embodiments
described in the specification. Those of ordinary skill in the art
will understand that the examples/embodiments described and
illustrated herein are non-limiting examples, and thus it can be
appreciated that the specific structural and functional details
disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit
the scope of the embodiments.
[0052] Reference throughout the specification to "examples, "in
examples," "with examples," "various embodiments," "with
embodiments," "in embodiments," or "an embodiment," or the like,
means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic
described in connection with the example/embodiment is included in
at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases
"examples, "in examples," "with examples," "in various
embodiments," "with embodiments," "in embodiments," or "an
embodiment," or the like, in places throughout the specification
are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or
characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or
more examples/embodiments. Thus, the particular features,
structures, or characteristics illustrated or described in
connection with one embodiment/example may be combined, in whole or
in part, with the features, structures, functions, and/or
characteristics of one or more other embodiments/examples without
limitation given that such combination is not illogical or
non-functional. Moreover, many modifications may be made to adapt a
particular situation or material to the teachings of the present
disclosure without departing from the scope thereof.
[0053] It should be understood that references to a single element
are not necessarily so limited and may include one or more of such
element. Any directional references (e.g., plus, minus, upper,
lower, upward, downward, left, right, leftward, rightward, top,
bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, and
counterclockwise) are only used for identification purposes to aid
the reader's understanding of the present disclosure, and do not
create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation,
or use of examples/embodiments.
[0054] Joinder references (e.g., attached, coupled, connected, and
the like) are to be construed broadly and may include intermediate
members between a connection of elements and relative movement
between elements. As such, joinder references do not necessarily
imply that two elements are directly connected/coupled and in fixed
relation to each other. The use of "e.g." in the specification is
to be construed broadly and is used to provide non-limiting
examples of embodiments of the disclosure, and the disclosure is
not limited to such examples. Uses of "and" and "or" are to be
construed broadly (e.g., to be treated as "and/or"). For example
and without limitation, uses of "and" do not necessarily require
all elements or features listed, and uses of "or" are inclusive
unless such a construction would be illogical.
[0055] While processes, systems, and methods may be described
herein in connection with one or more steps in a particular
sequence, it should be understood that such methods may be
practiced with the steps in a different order, with certain steps
performed simultaneously, with additional steps, and/or with
certain described steps omitted.
[0056] All matter contained in the above description or shown in
the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative only
and not limiting. Changes in detail or structure may be made
without departing from the present disclosure.
[0057] It should be understood that an electronic control unit
(ECU), a system, and/or a processor as described herein may include
a conventional processing apparatus known in the art, which may be
capable of executing preprogrammed instructions stored in an
associated memory, all performing in accordance with the
functionality described herein. To the extent that the methods
described herein are embodied in software, the resulting software
can be stored in an associated memory and can also constitute means
for performing such methods. Such a system or processor may further
be of the type having ROM, RAM, RAM and ROM, and/or a combination
of non-volatile and volatile memory so that any software may be
stored and yet allow storage and processing of dynamically produced
data and/or signals.
[0058] It should be further understood that an article of
manufacture in accordance with this disclosure may include a
non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer
program encoded thereon for implementing logic and other
functionality described herein. The computer program may include
code to perform one or more of the methods disclosed herein. Such
embodiments may be configured to execute via one or more
processors, such as multiple processors that are integrated into a
single system or are distributed over and connected together
through a communications network, and the communications network
may be wired and/or wireless. Code for implementing one or more of
the features described in connection with one or more embodiments
may, when executed by a processor, cause a plurality of transistors
to change from a first state to a second state. A specific pattern
of change (e.g., which transistors change state and which
transistors do not), may be dictated, at least partially, by the
logic and/or code.
* * * * *