U.S. patent application number 17/264144 was filed with the patent office on 2021-11-11 for lubricant composition with a combination of particles.
This patent application is currently assigned to TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES. The applicant listed for this patent is TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES. Invention is credited to Jayashree BIJWE, Prashant GANGWANI, Stephane GAVAND, Benoit THIEBAUT.
Application Number | 20210348080 17/264144 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005785044 |
Filed Date | 2021-11-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210348080 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
THIEBAUT; Benoit ; et
al. |
November 11, 2021 |
LUBRICANT COMPOSITION WITH A COMBINATION OF PARTICLES
Abstract
The present invention relates to a lubricant composition
comprising at least one graphite particle and at least one
polytetrafluoroethylene particle. It also relates to the use of
said composition for the lubrication of gears, in particular of
industrial gears.
Inventors: |
THIEBAUT; Benoit; (LYON,
FR) ; GAVAND; Stephane; (DARDILLY, FR) ;
BIJWE; Jayashree; (HAUZ KHAS NEW DELHI, IN) ;
GANGWANI; Prashant; (TEMPE, AZ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES |
PUTEAUX |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
PUTEAUX
FR
|
Family ID: |
1000005785044 |
Appl. No.: |
17/264144 |
Filed: |
August 1, 2019 |
PCT Filed: |
August 1, 2019 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2019/070806 |
371 Date: |
January 28, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2201/041 20130101;
C10N 2020/065 20200501; C10M 2213/062 20130101; C10N 2020/069
20200501; C10M 147/00 20130101; C10N 2020/06 20130101; C10M 125/02
20130101; C10M 169/044 20130101; C10N 2040/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 125/02 20060101
C10M125/02; C10M 147/00 20060101 C10M147/00; C10M 169/04 20060101
C10M169/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 3, 2018 |
EP |
18306074.8 |
Claims
1. A lubricant composition comprising at least one graphite
particle and at least one polytetrafluoroethylene particle.
2. The lubricant composition of claim 1, comprising at most 20% by
weight of particles in relation to the total weight of said
composition.
3. The lubricant composition of claim 1, comprising at most 20% by
weight of particles in relation to the total weight of said
composition.
4. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the particles have
a particle size comprised between 300 nm and 5 .mu.m.
5. The lubricant composition of claim 1, wherein the particles have
a particle size comprised between 50 nm and 400 nm.
6. The lubricant composition of claim 1, comprising at least one
oil of lubricating viscosity.
7. The lubricant composition of claim 1, comprising at least one
additive.
8. (canceled)
9. A method for lubricating gears, in particular industrial gears,
comprising a step of contacting at least one gear with the
lubricant composition of claim 1.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a U.S. National Phase Application
under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 371 of International Patent Application No.
PCT/EP2019/070806, filed Aug. 1, 2019, which claims priority of
European Patent Application No. 18306074.8, filed Aug. 3, 2018. The
entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention concerns a lubricant composition, in
particular for lubricating industrial gears, comprising a specific
combination of particles.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Gears, especially industrial gears, see extreme operating
conditions that can lead to damage, for example, wear to the
internal components of the gears. This damage reduces the life of
the industrial gears and can lead to costly and prolonged
maintenance, repair costs, unscheduled downtime for the equipment
that contains the industrial gears, and similar problems.
[0004] There is an on-going need for improved industrial gear
lubricants that can provide better performance in and protection of
industrial gears, thus extending the service life of the industrial
gears and the equipment that contains them.
[0005] One means of protecting such gears is the use of soluble
additives with active sulfur. However, such additives are not
satisfying as they raise corrosion issues, as well as pitting
corrosion, and an increase thermal sensitivity. Moreover, their
performance is decreased because of the oxidation and temperature.
Also, most soluble additives are activated by temperatures and are
lost with time by exposure to temperature, oxygen or water
contamination.
[0006] To this date, there is thus a need for a lubricant
composition with satisfying properties concerning weld load and
satisfying anti-wear properties at extreme pressure.
SUMMARY
[0007] The aim of the invention is to provide a lubricant
composition, with improved weld load, being used in particular for
lubricating industrial gears.
[0008] The aim of the invention is also to provide a lubricant
composition, with improved weld load, and also with satisfying
anti-wear properties with extreme pressure (EP) performance.
[0009] Thus, the present invention relates to a lubricant
composition comprising at least one graphite particle (P1) and at
least one polytetrafluoroethylene particle (P2).
[0010] The lubricant composition according to the present invention
is thus based on a combination of two kinds of particles, which are
particles (P1) made of graphite and particles (P2) made of
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
[0011] It has been surprisingly shown that this combination has a
synergistic activity and has very satisfying anti-wear properties,
even at very high pressure. This combination thus provides
satisfying anti-wear properties together with extreme pressure (EP)
performance.
[0012] The combination of particles (P1) and (P2) thus provides a
synergistic improvement of the weld load, especially in industrial
gears, and without any decrease of the wear properties.
[0013] In addition, the two particles are less prone to degradation
with time than soluble additives and thus surprisingly give the
lubricant long lasting properties.
[0014] According to an embodiment, the lubricant composition of the
invention comprises at most 20% by weight of particles (P1) in
relation to the total weight of said composition.
[0015] Preferably, the lubricant composition of the invention
comprises from 1% to 15%, from 1% to 10%, from 1 to 5%, more
preferably from 1% to 3%, by weight of particles (P1) in relation
to the total weight of said composition.
[0016] According to an embodiment, the lubricant composition of the
invention comprises at most 20% by weight of particles (P2) in
relation to the total weight of said composition.
[0017] Preferably, the lubricant composition of the invention
comprises from 1% to 15%, more preferably from 5% to 10%, by weight
of particles (P2) in relation to the total weight of said
composition.
[0018] According to an embodiment, the particles (P1) have a
particle size comprised between 300 nm and 5 .mu.m, preferably
between 300 nm and 3 .mu.m, and more preferably between 500 nm and
2 .mu.m.
[0019] According to an embodiment, the particles (P2) have a
particle size comprised between 50 nm and 400 nm, preferably
between 50 nm and 300 nm, and more preferably between 200 nm and
300 nm.
[0020] According to an embodiment, the lubricant composition of the
invention also comprises at least one oil of lubricating
viscosity.
[0021] The oil of lubricating viscosity can be present in a major
amount, for a lubricant composition, or in a concentrate forming
amount, for a concentrate and/or additive composition. The
industrial gear oil compositions of the invention may be either
lubricant compositions or concentrate and/or additive
compositions.
[0022] Suitable oils include natural and synthetic lubricating oils
and mixtures thereof. In a fully formulated lubricant, the oil of
lubricating viscosity is generally present in a major amount (i.e.
an amount greater than 50% by weight). Typically, the oil of
lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of 75% to 98% by
weight, and often greater than 80% by weight of the overall
composition.
[0023] The oil of lubricating viscosity may include natural and
synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and
hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined oils or mixtures
thereof. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural
or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further
purification treatment. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined
oils except they have been further treated in one or more
purification steps to improve one or more properties. Purification
techniques are known in the art and include solvent extraction,
secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration,
percolation and similar processes. Re-refined oils are also known
as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes
similar to those used to obtain refined oils. Re-refined oils are
often processed by techniques directed to removal of spent
additives and oil breakdown products.
[0024] Natural oils useful as the oil of lubricating viscosity
include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard
oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and
solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the
paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic naphthenic types and
oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
[0025] Synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include hydrocarbon
oils such as polymerized and interpolymerised olefins (e.g.,
polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers);
poly(l-hexenes), poly(l-octenes), poly(l-decenes), and mixtures
thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes,
dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g.,
biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls); alkylated biphenyl
ethers and alkylated biphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs
and homologs thereof or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments the
oil of lubricating viscosity used in the invention is a synthetic
oil that includes polymerized polyisobutylene, and in some
embodiments the oil of lubricating viscosity used in the invention
is a synthetic oil that includes polymerized polyisobutylene and a
polyalpha-olefin.
[0026] Another synthetic oil of lubricating viscosity includes
polyol esters other than the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene
polyol as disclosed herein, dicarboxylic esters, liquid esters of
phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl
phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), or
polymeric tetrahydrofurans. Synthetic conventional oil of
lubricating viscosity also includes those produced by
Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised
Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes. In one embodiment, the oil
of lubricating viscosity may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch
gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid
oils.
[0027] Oils of lubricating viscosity may further be defined as
specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil
Interchangeability Guidelines. The five base oil groups are as
follows: Group I (sulfur content .gtoreq.0.03 percent by weight,
and/or <90 percent by weight saturates, viscosity index 80-120);
Group II (sulfur contents .ltoreq.0.03 percent by weight and 90
percent by weight saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III
(sulfur content .gtoreq.0.03 percent by weight and 90 percent by
weight saturates, viscosity index 120); Group IV (all
polyalphaolefins, or PAO, such as PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7
or PAO-8); and Group V (which encompasses "all others"). The oil of
lubricating viscosity includes API Group I, Group II, Group III,
Group IV, Group V oil or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the
oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group I, Group II, Group
III, Group IV oil or mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the oil of
lubricating viscosity is often an API Group II, Group III or Group
IV oil or mixtures thereof.
[0028] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil component of the
present invention includes a Group II or Group III base oil, or a
combination thereof. The oil can also be derived from the
hydroisomerization of wax, such as slack wax or a Fischer-Tropsch
synthesized wax. Such "Gas-to-Liquid" oils are typically
characterized as Group III.
[0029] The compositions of the present invention may include some
amount of Group I base oils, and even Group IV and Group V base
oils. However, in some embodiments, the lubricating oil component
of the invention contains no more than 20, 10, 5, or even 1 percent
by weight Group I base oil. These limits may also apply to Group IV
or Group V base oils. In other embodiments, the lubricating oil
present in the compositions of the invention is at least 60, 70,
80, 90, or even 98 percent by weight Group II and/or Group III base
oil. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil present in the
compositions of the invention is essentially only Group II and/or
Group III base oil, where small amounts of other types of base oils
may be present but not in amounts that significantly impact the
properties or performance of the overall composition.
[0030] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention
include some amount of Group I and/or Group II base oils. In other
embodiments, the compositions of the invention are lubricating
compositions where the oil of lubricating viscosity is primarily
Group I and/or Group II base oils, or even essentially Group I
and/or Group II base oils, or even exclusively Group I and/or Group
II base oils.
[0031] In some embodiments the invention provides a Group II
composition, that is the oil of lubricating viscosity includes
Group II oil, and can even be primarily if not exclusively Group II
oil.
[0032] The various described oils of lubricating viscosity may be
used alone or in combinations. The oil of lubricating viscosity may
be used in the described industrial gear lubricant compositions in
the range of about 40 or 50 percent by weight to about 99 percent
by weight, or from a minimum of 49.8, 70, 85, 93, 93.5 or even 97
up to a maximum of 99.8, 99, 98.5 or even 97 percent by weight. In
other embodiments, the oil of lubricating viscosity may be used
from a minimum of 40, 65, 73, 73.5, or even 81 up to a maximum of
99.8, 99.7, 98.8, 94.3, 88.5, or even 81 percent by weight.
[0033] In still other embodiments the oil of lubricating viscosity
may be used from a minimum of 50, 70, 75, 86, 86.8, or even 92.05
up to a maximum of 99.6, 99.5, 98.5, 98.4, or even 98.2 percent by
weight, or from a minimum of 80, 90, 95, 96, 96.8, or even 97.05 up
to a maximum of 99.6, 99.5, 99.4, or even 99.2 percent by weight,
or from 50 to 99.6, from 50 to 99.5, from 70 to 99.5, from 75 to
98.5, from 86 to 98.4, from 86.8 to 98.4, or even from 92.05 to
98.2, and instill further embodiments from 80 to 99.6, from 90 to
99.6, from 95 to 99.5, from 96 to 99.4, from 96.8 to 99.4, or even
from 97.05 to 99.2.
[0034] According to an embodiment, the lubricant composition of the
invention also comprises at least one additive.
[0035] The compositions of the invention may further include one or
more additional additives, for example the composition of the
invention may include an industrial gear additive package. In other
words, the compositions of the invention are designed to be
industrial gear lubricants, or additive packages for making the
same. The present invention does not relate to automotive gear
lubricants or other lubricating compositions.
[0036] Any combination of conventional additive packages designed
for industrial gear application may be used. The invention
inherently assumes such additive packages are essentially free of
the phosphorus containing compounds and derivatives of
hydroxy-carboxylic acids described above, or at least do not
contain the type of the phosphorus containing compounds and
derivatives of hydroxy-carboxylic acids specified by the particular
embodiment of the invention.
[0037] The additional additives which may be present in the
industrial gear oil compositions of the invention include: a
demulsifier, a pour point depressant, an antioxidant, a dispersant,
a metal deactivator (such as a copper deactivator), an antiwear
agent, an extreme pressure agent, a viscosity modifier, or some
mixture thereof. In some embodiments the additives may each be
present in the range from 50, 75, 100 or even 150 ppm up to 5, 4,
3, 2 or even 1.5 percent by weight, or from 75 ppm to 0.5 percent
by weight, from 100 ppm to 0.4 percent by weight, or from 150 ppm
to 0.3 percent by weight, where the percent by weight values are
with regards to the overall lubricating oil composition. However it
is noted that some additives, including viscosity modifying
polymers, which may alternatively be considered as part of the base
fluid, may be present in higher amounts including up to 30, 40, or
even 50% by weight when considered separate from the base fluid.
Each of the described additional additives may be used alone or as
mixtures thereof.
[0038] Antifoams, also known as foam inhibitors, are known in the
art and include but are not limited to organic silicones and
non-silicon foam inhibitors. Examples of organic silicones include
dimethyl silicone and polysiloxanes. Examples of non-silicon foam
inhibitors include but are not limited to polyethers, polyacrylates
and mixtures thereof as well as copolymers of ethyl acrylate,
2-ethylhexylacrylate, and optionally vinyl acetate. In some
embodiments the antifoam is a polyacrylate. Antifoams may be
present in the composition from 0.001 to 0.012 or 0.004 pbw or even
0.001 to 0.003 pbw.
[0039] Demulsifiers are known in the art and include but are not
limited to derivatives of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide,
polyoxyalkylene alcohols, alkyl amines, amino alcohols, diamines or
polyamines reacted sequentially with ethylene oxide or substituted
ethylene oxides or mixtures thereof. Examples of demulsifiers
include polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene
oxides, (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers and mixtures
thereof. In some embodiments, the demulsifiers are polyethers.
Demulsifiers may be present in the composition from 0.002 to 0.2
pbw.
[0040] Pour point depressants are known in the art and include but
are not limited to esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers,
polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; poly-acrylamides; condensation
products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl
carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl
esters of fatty acids, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl
phenol formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers and
mixtures thereof.
[0041] The compositions of the invention may also include a rust
inhibitor, other than some of the additives described above.
Suitable rust inhibitors include hydrocarbyl amine salts of
dialkyldithiophosphoric acid, hydrocarbyl amine salts of
hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acid, fatty carboxylic acids or esters
thereof, an ester of a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid, an
ammonium sulfonate, an imidazoline, mono-thio phosphate salts or
esters, or any combination thereof; or mixtures thereof. Examples
of hydrocarbyl amine salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid of the
invention include but are not limited to those described above, as
well as the reaction product(s) of diheptyl or dioctyl or dinonyl
dithiophosphoric acids with ethylenediamine, morpholine or
Primene.TM. 81R or mixtures thereof. Suitable hydrocarbyl amine
salts of hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acids used in the rust
inhibitor package of the invention are represented by the
formula:
##STR00001##
wherein Cy is a benzene or naphthalene ring. R.sup.15 is a
hydrocarbyl group with about 4 to about 30, preferably about 6 to
about 25, more preferably about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms. z is
independently 1, 2, 3, or 4 and most preferably z is 1 or 2.
R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 are the same as described above.
Examples of hydrocarbyl amine salts of hydrocarbyl are nesulphonic
acid of the invention include but are not limited to the
ethylenediamine salt of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid. Examples
of suitable fatty carboxylic acids or esters thereof include
glycerol monooleate and oleic acid. An example of a suitable ester
of a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid includes oleyl sarcosine.
The rust inhibitors may be present in the range from 0.02 to 0.2,
from 0.03 to 0.15, from 0.04 to 0.12, or from 0.05 to 0.1 percent
by weight of the lubricating oil composition. The rust inhibitors
of the invention may be used alone or in mixtures thereof.
[0042] The compositions of the invention may also include a metal
deactivator. Metal deactivators are used to neutralize the
catalytic effect of metal for promoting oxidation in lubricating
oil. Suitable metal deactivators include but are not limited to
triazoles, tolyltriazoles, a thiadiazole, or combinations thereof,
as well as derivatives thereof. Examples include derivatives of
benzotriazoles other than those described above, benzimidazole,
2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles,
2-(N,N'-dialkyldithio-carbamoyl)benzothiazoles,
2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles,
2,5-bis(N,N'-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles,
2-alkyldithio-5-mercapto thiadiazoles or mixtures thereof. These
additives may be used from 0.01 to 0.25 percent by weight in the
overall composition. In some embodiments, the metal deactivator is
a hydrocarbyl substituted benzotriazole compound. The benzotriazole
compounds with hydrocarbyl substitutions include at least one of
the following ring positions 1- or 2- or 4- or 5- or 6- or
7-benzotriazoles. The hydrocarbyl groups contain about 1 to about
30, preferably about 1 to about 15, more preferably about 1 to
about 7 carbon atoms, and most preferably the metal deactivator is
5-methylbenzotriazole used alone or mixtures thereof. The metal
deactivators may be present in the range from 0.001 to 0.5, from
0.01 to 0.04 or from 0.015 to 0.03 pbw of the lubricating oil
composition. Metal deactivators may also be present in the
composition from 0.002 or 0.004 to 0.02 pbw. The metal deactivator
may be used alone or mixtures thereof.
[0043] Antioxidants may also be present including (i) an alkylated
diphenylamine, and (ii) a substituted hydrocarbyl mono-sulfide. In
some embodiments, the alkylated diphenylamines of the invention are
bis-nonylated diphenylamine and bis-octylated diphenylamine. In
some embodiments, the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfides include
n-dodecyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfide, 1-(tert-dodecylthio)-2-propanol,
or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the substituted
hydrocarbyl monosulfide is 1-(tert-dodecylthio)-2-propanol. The
antioxidant package may also include sterically hindered phenols.
Examples of suitable hydrocarbyl groups for the sterically hindered
phenols include but are not limited to 2-ethylhexyl or n-butyl
ester, dodecyl or mixtures thereof. Examples of methylene-bridged
sterically hindered phenols include but are not limited to
4,4'-methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl o-cresol),
4,4'-methylene-bis(2-tert-amyl-o-cresol),
2,2-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol),
4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tertbutylphenol) or mixtures thereof.
[0044] In some embodiments, the additional additives present
include a nitrogen-containing dispersant, for example a hydrocarbyl
substituted nitrogen containing additive. Suitable hydrocarbyl
substituted nitrogen containing additives include ashless
dispersants and polymeric dispersants. Ash-less dispersants are
so-named because, as supplied, they do not contain metal and thus
do not normally contribute to sulfated ash when added to a
lubricant. However they may, of course, interact with ambient
metals once they are added to a lubricant which includes
metal-containing species. Ashless dispersants are characterized by
a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight
hydrocarbon chain. Examples of such materials include succinimide
dispersants, Mannich dispersants, and borated derivatives
thereof.
[0045] In some embodiments, the additional additives present
include a sulfur-containing compound. Such sulfur-containing
compounds may include sulfurized olefins and polysulfides and/or
sulfurized fatty esters. The sulfurized olefin or polysulfides may
be derived from isobutylene, butylene, propylene, ethylene, or some
combination thereof. The sulfurized fatty esters may include
sulfurized olefins derived from any of the natural oils or
synthetic oils described above, or even some combination thereof.
For example the sulfurized fatty ester may be derived from
vegetable oil.
[0046] In some embodiments, the invention includes a sulfurized
fatty ester that includes a sulfurized natural oil. In some
embodiments the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized animal
and/or vegetable oil. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty
ester includes a sulfurized vegetable oil. In some embodiments the
sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized unsaturated oil. In
some embodiments the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized
unsaturated natural oil. In some embodiments the sulfurized fatty
ester includes a sulfurized unsaturated vegetable oil. In some
embodiments the sulfurized fatty ester described above further
includes one or more sulfurized olefins and/or polysulfides. In
some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty ester includes a sulfurized
rapeseed oil.
[0047] In some embodiments, the additional additives present
include one or more phosphorous amine salts (different from the
phosphorous containing compound described above), but in amounts
such that the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions,
contains no more than 1.0 percent by weight of such materials, or
even no more than 0.75 or 0.6 percent by weight. In other
embodiments, the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions,
are essentially free of or even completely free of such phosphorous
amine salts.
[0048] In some embodiments, the additional additive component
includes one or more antiwear additives and/or extreme pressure
agents, one or more rust and/or corrosion inhibitors, one or more
foam inhibitors, one or more demulsifiers, or any combination
thereof. In other embodiments the additional additives, and/or the
resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions, are essentially
free of or even completely free of phosphorous amine salts,
dispersants, or both.
[0049] In some embodiments the additional additives, and/or the
resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions, include a
demulsifier, a corrosion inhibitor, a friction modifier, or
combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the
corrosion inhibitor includes a tolyltriazole. In still other
embodiments, the additional additive component, and/or the
resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions, include one or
more sulfurized olefins or polysulfides; one or more phosphorus
amine salts; one or more thiophosphate esters, one or more
thiadiazoles, tolyltriazoles, polyethers, and/or alkenyl amines;
one or more ester copolymers, one or more carboxylic esters; one or
more succinimide dispersants, or any combination thereof.
[0050] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention
further include (d), one or more additional additives, that may
include one or more sulfurized olefins, phosphoric acid esters,
thiophosphates, thiophosphoric acid esters and/or amine salts
thereof, thiadiazoles and/or substituted thiadiazole,
tolyltriazoles and/or substituted triazoles, poly-ethers, alkyl
and/or alkenyl amines and/or polyolefin amide alkenamines, ester
copolymers, carboxylic esters, dispersants, hydrocarbon polymers,
or any combination thereof.
[0051] Dispersants suitable for use in the compositions of the
invention are not overly limited and may include borated
dispersants, non-borated dispersants, succinimide dispersants
(including borated and non-borated succinimide dispersants),
Mannich dispersants, and the like.
[0052] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention are
free of antioxidants. In some embodiments, the compositions of the
invention are free of fatty amines. In some embodiments, the
compositions of the invention are free of high TBN overbased
detergents (where high TBN can mean having a TBN of >100,
>50, >20 or even >10). In some embodiments, the
compositions of the invention are free of zinc
dithiophosphates.
[0053] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention, in
addition to the components (a), (b), and (c), further comprise a
sulfurized olefin, a dithiothiophosphate ester, a phosphate amine
salt, a high TBN succinimide dispersant, a fatty amine, a
tolyltriazole, an acrylate, a polyether, and a thiadiazole, which
may be described as additional component (d).
[0054] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention, in
addition to the components (a), (b), and (c), further comprise an
extreme pressure agent, an combination of antiwear agents, a rust
inhibitor, a metal deactivator, a antifoam agent, a demulsifier,
and a copper deactivator, which may be described as additional
component (d).
[0055] The additional additives may be present in the overall
industrial gear lubricant composition from 0.1 to 30 percent by
weight, or from a minimum level of 0.1, 1 or even 2 percent by
weight up to a maximum of 30, 20, 10, 5, or even 2 percent by
weight, or from 0.1 to 30, from 0.1 to 20, from 1 to 20, from 1 to
10, from 1 to 5, or even about 2 percent by weight. These ranges
and limits may be applied to each individual additional additive
present in the composition, or to all of the additional additives
present.
[0056] The present invention also relates to the use of the
lubricant composition as defined above, for the lubrication of
gears or transmissions, in particular of industrial gears. The
lubricant composition may also be used in the marine field or for
off-road applications (such as public works and agriculture
vehicles).
[0057] The present invention also relates to a method for
lubricating gears, in particular industrial gears, comprising a
step of contacting at least one gear with the lubricant composition
as defined above.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0058] FIG. 1 represents the WSD on worn balls with and without the
inclusion of graphite particles (KS4) in a commercial oil suitable
for use in carter (CEP), at various loads.
[0059] The curve with squares corresponds to the use of CEP
(lubricant alone) and the curve with triangles corresponds to the
use of CEP together with 1% by weight of graphite particles
(KS4).
[0060] FIG. 2 represents the WSD on worn balls with and without the
inclusion of graphite particles (KS4) and PTFE particles (NanoFlon,
NF) in CEP, at various loads.
[0061] The curve in continuous line with squares corresponds to the
use of CEP (lubricant alone); the curve in dotted line with circles
corresponds to the use of CEP together with 10% by weight of NF
particles; the curve in continuous line with triangles corresponds
to the use of CEP together with 1% by weight of KS4 particles; and
the curve in continuous line with triangles .tangle-solidup.
corresponds to the use of CEP together with 9% by weight of NF
particles and 1% by weight of KS4 particles.
[0062] FIG. 3 represents the weld load for CEP oil with different
combinations of NF and KS4.
[0063] FIG. 4 represents the WSD on worn balls with and without the
inclusion of graphite particles (KS4) in a commercial oil suitable
for use in carter (CSH), at various loads.
[0064] The curve with squares corresponds to the use of CSH
(lubricant alone) and the curve with triangles corresponds to the
use of CSH together with 1% by weight of KS4 particles.
[0065] FIG. 5 represents the WSD on worn balls with and without the
inclusion of KS4 particles and NF particles (individually and
simultaneously) in CSH, at various loads.
[0066] The curve with squares corresponds to the use of CSH alone;
the curve with triangles corresponds to the use of CSH together
with 1% by weight of KS4 particles; the curve with circles
corresponds to the use of CSH together with 10% by weight of NF
particles; and the curve with triangles .tangle-solidup.
corresponds to the use of CSH together with 9% by weight of NF
particles and 1% by weight of KS4 particles.
[0067] FIG. 6 represents the weld load for CSH with different
combinations of NF and KS4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
Materials
[0068] Graphite particles (P1) are TIMCAL TIMREX.RTM. KS4 Primary
Synthetic Graphite.
[0069] PTFE particles (P2) are Shamrock NanoFlon.
[0070] The lubricant oils are either 2 commercially available oils
suitable for use in carter CEP and CSH.
Example 1: Effect on AW and EP Property of CEP Oil Due to Addition
of 1% KS4 Particles
1.1. Effect on Anti-Wear Property
[0071] Anti-wear tests were conducted as per CONOMO standards on
150, 200 and 250 kg respectively.
[0072] FIG. 1 delineates the WSD on worn balls with and without the
inclusion of KS4 in carter oils, while FIG. 2 compares these
results with the inclusion of NanoFLon.
[0073] The 4 ball test (CONOMO standard) is carried out
(speed--1500 rpm, at ambient temperature; Time--1 min).
Results
[0074] a) It appears from FIG. 1 that the minimum value of WSD is
1.26 mm.
[0075] FIG. 1 also shows that with an increase in load, the wear
scar increased commensurately.
[0076] Moreover, this figure shows that inclusion of KS4
deteriorated the performance at every load.
[0077] The results may be summarized as shown in the below
table.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 % increase in WSD due to addition of 1% KS4
in Carter EP 68 Load 150 kg 200 kg % increase/deterioration in
performance 44.4% 50.7%
[0078] b) It appears from FIG. 2 that the minimum value of WSD is
0.53 mm.
[0079] FIG. 2 also shows that with an increase in load, the wear
scar increased commensurately.
[0080] Moreover, this figure shows that inclusion of KS4
deteriorated the performance at every load, whereas the inclusion
of NanoFLon or NanoFLon+KS4 leads to improvement in
performance.
[0081] The percentage in improvement is shown below:
TABLE-US-00002 Load 150 kg 200 kg 250 kg CEP + 10% NF 23% 18% .sup.
22% CEP + 9% NF + 1% KS4 27% 18.65% 21.6%
1.2. Effect on Weld Load
[0082] FIG. 3 shows the effect on Weld load (WL) of oil due to
addition of 1% KS4 in CEP.
[0083] The 4 ball test is carried out according to the following
parameters (IP 239): speed--1,450 rpm, at ambient temperature;
Time--60 s).
Results
[0084] It appears from FIG. 3 that the range of WL is 2,453 to
9,810 N.
[0085] FIG. 3 also shows that the addition of 1% KS4 reduced WL by
37.5% compared to the oil alone.
[0086] It also shows that addition of 10% NF lead to increase in
weld load by 100% and that addition of KS4 with NanoFLon lead to
further increase to a minimum load of 1000 kg in Weld load of
oils.
Example 2: Effect on AW and EP Property of CSH Due to Addition of
1% KS4
[0087] Particles
2.1. Effect on Anti-Wear Property
[0088] FIG. 4 delineates the WSD on worn balls with and without the
inclusion of KS4 in carter oils, while FIG. 5 compares these
results with the inclusion of NanoFLon.
[0089] The carried out test is the same as the one described in
example 1.
Results
[0090] a) It appears from FIG. 4 that the minimum value of WSD is
0.52 mm.
[0091] FIG. 4 also shows that with an increase in load, the wear
scar increased commensurately.
[0092] Moreover, this figure shows that inclusion of KS4 has no
significant effect on WSD when compared to parent oil. [0093] b) It
appears from FIG. 5 that the minimum value of WSD is 0.52 mm.
[0094] FIG. 5 also shows that with an increase in load, the wear
scar increased commensurately.
[0095] Moreover, this figure shows that inclusion of KS4 appears to
have no significant effect on WSD, whereas the inclusion of 10% NF
leads to improvement in performance at higher loads.
2.2. Effect on Weld Load
[0096] FIG. 6 shows the effect on Weld load (WL) of oil due to
addition of 1% KS4 in CSH.
[0097] The 4 ball test is carried out according to the following
parameters (IP 239): speed--1,450 rpm, at ambient temperature;
Time--60 s).
Results
[0098] It appears from FIG. 6 that the range of WL is 2,747 to
6,082 N.
[0099] FIG. 6 also shows that KS4 alone has no effect on EP
performance of CSH.
[0100] It also shows that addition of 10% NF lead to increase in
weld load by 98% and that addition of KS4 with NanoFLon lead to
further increase to a minimum load of 1,000 kg in weld load of
oils.
* * * * *