U.S. patent application number 16/862834 was filed with the patent office on 2021-11-04 for device for detecting concentration of heavy metals.
The applicant listed for this patent is Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Invention is credited to Xiaoyong BAI, Fei CHEN, Yuanhong DENG, Zeyin HU, Chaojun LI, Qin LI, Qian LU, Shiqi TIAN, Jinfeng WANG, Shijie WANG, Luhua WU, Yujie YANG.
Application Number | 20210341336 16/862834 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004839360 |
Filed Date | 2021-11-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210341336 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BAI; Xiaoyong ; et
al. |
November 4, 2021 |
DEVICE FOR DETECTING CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS
Abstract
The present invention relates to a device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals. The device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals acquires spectrum information of a
carrier to be tested by utilizing a spectrum information acquiring
system, a receiving system and a processing system. The device
further processes the spectrum information to obtain the type of
the carrier to be tested and the corresponding concentration of
heavy metals. Therefore, the efficiency of acquiring the whole
concentration of the heavy metals is remarkably improved.
Furthermore, based on the specific structure of the device for
detecting concentration of heavy metals provided by the present
invention, the device for detecting concentration of heavy metals
has the characteristics of simple structure and low costs.
Inventors: |
BAI; Xiaoyong; (Guiyang,
CN) ; WANG; Shijie; (Guiyang, CN) ; TIAN;
Shiqi; (Guiyang, CN) ; LU; Qian; (Guiyang,
CN) ; WANG; Jinfeng; (Guiyang, CN) ; LI;
Qin; (Guiyang, CN) ; WU; Luhua; (Guiyang,
CN) ; YANG; Yujie; (Guiyang, CN) ; LI;
Chaojun; (Guiyang, CN) ; HU; Zeyin; (Guiyang,
CN) ; CHEN; Fei; (Guiyang, CN) ; DENG;
Yuanhong; (Guiyang, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
Guiyang |
|
CN |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004839360 |
Appl. No.: |
16/862834 |
Filed: |
April 30, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01J 3/2823 20130101;
G01J 3/18 20130101; G01N 21/31 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G01J 3/28 20060101
G01J003/28; G01J 3/18 20060101 G01J003/18; G01N 21/31 20060101
G01N021/31 |
Claims
1. A device for detecting concentration of heavy metals,
comprising: a spectrum information acquiring system configured to
acquire spectrum information of heavy metals in a carrier to be
tested; a receiving system connected with the spectrum information
acquiring system and configured to preprocess the spectrum
information and determine a type of the carrier to be tested; and a
processing system connected with the receiving system and
configured to determine the concentration of the heavy metals in
the carrier to be tested according to the preprocessed spectrum
information.
2. The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals according
to claim 1, wherein the spectrum information acquiring system
comprises: a probe for detecting optical waves of the heavy metals
in the carrier to be tested; a grating spectrometer connected with
the probe and configured to separate the detected optical waves by
diffraction to obtain a spectral band; and a detector connected
with the grating spectrometer and configured to acquire spectrum
information in the spectral band.
3. The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals according
to claim 2, wherein the receiving system comprises: a spectrum
optimizing device configured to optimize the spectral band and
extract the spectrum information in the optimized spectral band,
wherein the optimization comprises bad line repair, fringe removal
and mixed pixel separation; and a preprocessing device connected
with the spectrum optimizing device and configured to preprocess
the extracted spectrum information, wherein the preprocessing
comprises abnormal value elimination, smoothing process and noise
reduction.
4. The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals according
to claim 1, wherein the processing system comprises a computer.
5. The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals according
to claim 1, further comprising a visual system connected with the
processing system and configured to display the type of the carrier
to be tested and the concentration of the heavy metals, which are
transmitted by the processing system.
6. The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals according
to claim 5, wherein the visual system comprises: a transmitter
configured to wirelessly transmit the type of the carrier to be
tested and the concentration of the heavy metals; and a client in
wireless communication with the transmitter and configured to
receive and display the type of the carrier to be tested and the
concentration of the heavy metals.
7. The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals according
to claim 6, wherein the transmitter comprises a Bluetooth
module.
8. The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals according
to claim 6, wherein the client comprises one of a mobile phone, a
tablet computer or a laptop.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of heavy metal
detection technologies, and in particular to a device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Heavy metals may be harmful to the human health finally in
various manners if they are excessively accumulated in carriers
such as soil, water, plant and the like. Thus, it is very important
to monitor the concentration of heavy metals in different
carriers.
[0003] The traditional method for acquiring information of the
concentration of heavy metals mainly utilizes field sampling,
laboratory physical and chemical property analysis and the like.
Such method does not only consume a large amount of economical
costs, but also consumes time and efforts. Moreover, it is easy to
cause irreversible damage to the ecological environment.
[0004] Recently, hyperspectral imaging technology is widely applied
to the field of monitoring the concentration of heavy metals in the
soil due to its characteristics of quickness, high efficiency,
economical efficiency, nondestructive property and the like, but
there are still some limitations. Firstly, an indoor spectrometer
still needs to collect a few samples, determine spectrum
information of the samples by the laboratory instruments, models to
analyze, and then obtains the concentration of the heavy metals.
Furthermore, the indoor environment and the outdoor environment are
greatly different so that the actual heavy metal pollution is hard
to be reflected. Secondly, the airborne or spaceborne hyperspectral
instrument has a partial coverage area, and its collected spectrum
information is too redundant and needs to be preprocessed, so the
obtained information is lagging. Finally, the two spectrometers
have low portability, complex structure, high measurement
conditions and the like, so they are hard to be used by
unprofessional persons and have low generalization performance.
[0005] In conclusion, it is a technical problem urgently to be
solved in the field to provide a device for detecting concentration
of heavy metals, which can instantly acquire information of heavy
metal concentration and has the characteristic of a simple
structure.
SUMMARY
[0006] An objective of the present invention is to provide a device
for detecting concentration of heavy metals, which can improve
efficiency of acquiring the concentration of heavy metals while
having the characteristics of simple structure, low costs and the
like.
[0007] To achieve the above objective, the present invention
provides the following solution:
[0008] A device for detecting concentration of heavy metals
includes a spectrum information acquiring system to acquire
spectrum information of heavy metals in a carrier to be tested. A
receiving system is connected with the spectrum information
acquiring system and preprocesses the spectrum information and
determines the type of the carrier to be tested. A processing
system in communication with the receiving system determines the
concentration of the heavy metals in the carrier to be tested
according to the preprocessed spectrum information.
[0009] Optionally, the spectrum information acquiring system
includes a probe to detect optical waves of the heavy metals in the
carrier to be tested, a grating spectrometer connected with the
probe and operable to separate the optical waves by diffraction to
obtain a spectral band. A detector acquires spectrum information in
the spectral band.
[0010] Optionally, the receiving system includes a spectrum
optimizing device for optimizing the spectral band and extracting
the spectrum information in the optimized spectral band. The
optimization includes bad line repair, fringe removal and mixed
pixel separation. A preprocessing device, connected with the
spectrum optimizing device preprocesses the extracted spectrum
information. The preprocessing includes abnormal value elimination,
smoothing process and noise reduction.
[0011] Optionally, the processing system is a computer.
[0012] Optionally, the device for detecting concentration of heavy
metals further includes a visual system connected with the
processing system to display the type of the carrier to be tested
and the concentration of the heavy metals, which are transmitted by
the processing system.
[0013] Optionally, the visual system includes a transmitter for
wirelessly transmitting the type of the carrier to be tested and
the concentration of the heavy metals, a client wirelessly
communicating with the transmitter and which receives and displays
the type of the carrier to be tested and the concentration of the
heavy metals.
[0014] Optionally, the transmitter is a Bluetooth module.
[0015] Optionally, the client is a mobile phone, a tablet computer
or a laptop.
[0016] According to specific embodiments provided by the present
invention, the present invention discloses the following technical
effects: the device for detecting concentration of heavy metals
provided by the present invention acquires the spectrum information
of the carrier to be tested by utilizing the spectrum information
acquiring system, the receiving system and the processing system.
The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals further
processes the spectrum information to obtain the type of the
carrier to be tested and the corresponding concentration of the
heavy metals. Therefore, the efficiency of acquiring the whole
concentration of the heavy metals is remarkably improved.
Furthermore, based on the specific structure of the device for
detecting concentration of heavy metals provided by the present
invention, the device for detecting concentration of heavy metals
has the characteristics of simple structure and low costs.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of
the present invention or in the prior art more clearly, the
following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required for
describing the embodiments. Apparently, the accompanying drawings
in the following description show merely some embodiments of the
present invention, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may
still derive other accompanying drawings from these accompanying
drawings without creative efforts.
[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for
detecting concentration of heavy metals provided in embodiments of
the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectrum
information acquiring system provided in embodiments of the present
invention.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving
system provided in embodiments of the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a workflow diagram of a device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals provided in embodiments of the
present invention.
REFERENCE SIGNS
[0022] 1-Charging port, 2-power supply, 3-spectrum information
acquiring system, 4-receiving system, 5-processing system, 6-visual
system, 31-probe, 32-grating spectrometer, 41-spectrum optimizing
device, 42-preprocessing device, 51-calculating device,
61-transmitter, and 62-client.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0023] The following clearly and completely describes the technical
solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with
reference to accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the
present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely
a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present invention.
All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the
art based on the embodiments of the present invention without
creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the
present invention.
[0024] An objective of the present invention is to provide a device
for detecting concentration of heavy metals, which can improve
efficiency of acquiring the concentration of heavy metals while
having the characteristics of simple structure, low costs and the
like.
[0025] To make the foregoing objective, features, and advantages of
the present invention more apparent and more comprehensible, the
present invention is further described in detail below with
reference to the accompanying drawings and specific
embodiments.
[0026] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for
detecting concentration of heavy metals provided in embodiments of
the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals includes a spectrum information
acquiring system 3, a receiving system 4 and a processing system
5.
[0027] The spectrum information acquiring system 3 is used for
acquiring spectrum information of heavy metals in a carrier to be
tested by utilizing hyperspectral imaging technology.
[0028] The receiving system 4 is connected or in communication with
the spectrum information acquiring system 3 and is configured to
preprocess the spectrum information and determine the type of the
carrier to be tested.
[0029] The processing system 5 is connected or in communication
with the receiving system 4 and is configured to determine the
concentration of the heavy metals in the carrier to be tested
according to the preprocessed spectrum information.
[0030] As shown in FIG. 2, the spectrum information acquiring
system 3 includes a probe 31, a grating spectrometer 32 and a
detector.
[0031] Optical waves of the carrier to be tested pass through the
probe 31 and then are separated in diffraction by the grating
spectrometer 32 such that a compound light with different
wavelengths is dispersed into independent monochromatic lights. The
monochromatic lights are sequenced in a descending order to form a
spectral band. Then the spectrum information in the spectral band
is acquired by the detector.
[0032] As shown in FIG. 3, the receiving system 4 includes a
spectrum optimizing device 41 and a preprocessing device 42.
[0033] The spectrum optimizing device 41 conducts optimization
including bad line repair, fringe removal and mixed pixel
separation on the acquired spectral band, and extracts effective
spectrum information in the optimized spectral band.
[0034] The preprocessing device 42 is connected or in communication
with the spectrum optimizing device 41 and stores preprocessed
spectrum data after conducting preprocessing including abnormal
value elimination, smoothing process and noise reduction on the
extracted spectrum information in the spectral band. Additionally,
the type of the carrier to be tested should be identified to soil,
water, vegetation and the like after the spectrum information is
preprocessed.
[0035] The whole preprocessing includes: First, based on the
optimization on the spectral band, combining standard score
(Z-score) with principal component analysis (PCA) to further screen
a spectrum outlier, and eliminating the spectrum outlier as an
abnormal value to ensure accuracy of a sample and an estimating
result; Second, combining median filter with Savitzky-Golay
smoothing filter to conduct noise reduction, convolution and
smoothing on outlier-eliminated spectrum data; Third, on the basis
of this, resampling the spectrum data at an interval of 10 nm, and
utilizing the data as conversion basic data; and Fourth, conducting
different forms of conversion on the basic data, wherein the
different forms of conversion can include reflectance first-order
differentiation, reflectance second-order differentiation,
absorbance conversion, absorbance first-order differentiation,
absorbance second-order differentiation, multiplicative scatter
correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV) and the like, and
the basic data is the reflectance of an original spectrum. To a
certain extent, spectrum translation caused by moisture absorption
can be eliminated, the spectrum information is amplified,
colinearity of the spectrum data is improved, overfitting is
prevented, and stability of a model is improved. Generally, the
whole preprocessing may be autonomously completed by utilizing
preset program codes.
[0036] The processing system 5 includes a calculating device 51 in
which a heavy metal concentration calculation model is set. The
processing system automatically operates a pre-programmed algorithm
code input program to complete accurate estimation on the
concentration of the heavy metals.
[0037] The heavy metal concentration calculation model is mainly
divided into a linear model and a nonlinear model. The linear model
includes, but is not limited to, a multiple stepwise regression
model, a least squares model, a principal component regression
model and the like. The nonlinear model includes, but is not
limited to, a neural network model, a random forest model, a
support vector machine model, an extreme learning machine model and
the like.
[0038] The processing system 5 automatically selects an optimal
model according to target heavy metals to be detected. The optimal
model utilizes the spectrum data screened and preprocessed by the
receiving system 4 as input data and the concentration of the heavy
metals as output data, and such process is mainly autonomously
completed based on the preset program codes.
[0039] Furthermore, the processing system 5 may be replaced with a
computer to complete autonomous operation of the program codes.
[0040] The device for detecting concentration of heavy metals
further includes a visual system 6 connected or in communication
with the processing system 5 and used for displaying the type of
the carrier to be tested and the concentration of the heavy metals,
which are transmitted by the processing system 5.
[0041] The visual system 6 includes a transmitter 61 and a client
62.
[0042] The transmitter 61 is used for wirelessly transmitting the
type of the carrier to be tested and the concentration of the heavy
metals.
[0043] The client 62 wirelessly communicates with the transmitter
61 and is configured to receive and display the type of the carrier
to be tested and the concentration of the heavy metals.
[0044] In one embodiment, the transmitter 61 is a Bluetooth module
and the client 62 is a mobile phone, a tablet computer or a
laptop.
[0045] The client can preset data including a background value,
recommended daily allowance and the like to be compared with the
result of the processing system 5 and provides a rational
suggestion according to a comparison result.
[0046] The background value can input soil element background value
data issued by a certain country or region and can also be replaced
according to the newest research result. The recommended daily
allowance can input data corresponding to the rational supply
standard planned according to the research development and the
domestic nutritional status.
[0047] An example of the comparison with the result of the
processing system 5 is as follows: (1) if the processing system 5
calculates an average of the concentration of Pb in multiple soils
of a certain region to be 5 mg/kg, but a preset Pb background value
is 35 mg/kg, the region does not have a Pb pollution situation; (2)
if the processing system 5 calculates the concentration of Zn in
the vegetable is 3 mg, but the preset recommended daily allowance
of Zn is 15 mg, five pieces of such vegetable can be eaten
daily.
[0048] Therefore, the client can provide rational pollution
prevention suggestions or scientific dietary pattern suggestions
according to the above results.
[0049] Furthermore, to help the whole device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals to be carried and applied, the device
for detecting concentration of heavy metals can be further equipped
with a charging port 1 and a power supply 2. The charging port 1 is
used for charging the power for the whole device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals. The power supply 2 powers the whole
device.
[0050] As shown in FIG. 4, according to the whole workflow of the
device for detecting concentration of heavy metals provided by the
present invention, when the concentration of the heavy metals needs
to be detected, the power supply 2 is firstly turned on (101).
Secondly, the spectrum information acquiring system 3 starts
working (102). The probe 31 acquires carrier information, the
grating spectrometer 32 separates the light by diffraction to form
the spectral band (103), and the spectrum information is outputted
to the receiving system 4. Thirdly, the receiving system 4
optimizes and preprocesses the spectrum information (105) acquired
by the spectrum information acquiring system 3, classifies the
carrier to be tested, utilizes an algorithm to conduct abnormal
value elimination, smoothing and noise reduction on the spectrum,
and finally feeds back the result to the processing system 5.
Fourthly, the processing system 5 calculates the concentration of
the heavy metals (105) by utilizing the preset calculation module,
and transmits the calculation result to the client through the
transmitter 61 in order to reflect specific concentration
information of the heavy metals and display the same on the client
62 (106). The processing system 5 can compare the calculating
result with related indexes and provides the rational suggestion.
Finally, after the detection is completed and visualization
provided, the power supply 2 is turned off (107).
[0051] Based on the solution, the present invention provides the
device for detecting concentration of heavy metals, which is based
on the hyperspectral imaging technology. The device for detecting
concentration of heavy metals combines the response relationship of
the heavy metals and the spectrum to achieve instant acquisition of
the concentration of the heavy metals. The device also effectively
solves the problems that the traditional sampling method consumes
time and efforts, has low efficiency and high costs and the like.
Furthermore, the device for detecting concentration of heavy metals
provided by the present invention further has the characteristics
of simple operation, instant information acquisition, and high
popularization and application values.
[0052] Each embodiment of the present specification is described in
a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference
from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the
embodiments may refer to each other.
[0053] Several examples are used for illustration of the principles
and implementation methods of the present invention. The
description of the embodiments is used to help illustrate the
method and its core principles of the present invention. In
addition, a person of ordinary skill in the art can make various
modifications in terms of specific embodiments and scope of
application in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention. In conclusion, the content of this specification shall
not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
* * * * *