U.S. patent application number 17/227401 was filed with the patent office on 2021-10-21 for multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing system and testing method.
This patent application is currently assigned to University of Science and Technology Beijing. The applicant listed for this patent is China Railway Tunnel Consultants Co., Ltd., Hebei Zhucheng Industrial and Mining Machinery Co., Ltd, University of Science and Technology Beijing. Invention is credited to Shiwu CAI, Xiaonan HE, Xin JIANG, Wei LI, Yongsheng LIU, Wenzhu MA, Zhiyuan SHA, Yongdai WANG, Yue WANG, Guijiang WEI, Yan XU, Xiaomin ZHOU, Yue ZHUO.
Application Number | 20210327307 17/227401 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005880465 |
Filed Date | 2021-10-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210327307 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ZHOU; Xiaomin ; et
al. |
October 21, 2021 |
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC STRUCTURE MODEL TESTING SYSTEM AND
TESTING METHOD
Abstract
Provided are a multi-functional stratigraphic structure model
testing system and testing method. The system includes a test piece
testing device platform that includes a watertight fan-shaped
closed cavity, a fluid-solid coupling loading system, and an
anti-arc reaction frame system. A coupling loading system region
consist of hydraulic (liquid) loading and multi-directional
solid-skeleton loading onto a pore or crack test piece, which can
be independently operated or combined with each other's. The
fan-shaped closed cavity is fixed through the anti-arc reaction
frame system, and a fan-shaped center region is provided with an
application region of underground working face. The other two flat
fan sides are provided with application regions of physical and
chemical improvement for surrounding rock.
Inventors: |
ZHOU; Xiaomin; (Beijing,
CN) ; ZHUO; Yue; (Guangzhou, CN) ; MA;
Wenzhu; (Beijing, CN) ; LI; Wei; (Xingtai,
CN) ; XU; Yan; (Beijing, CN) ; LIU;
Yongsheng; (Guangzhou, CN) ; HE; Xiaonan;
(Beijing, CN) ; WANG; Yue; (Guangzhou, CN)
; WANG; Yongdai; (Xingtai, CN) ; CAI; Shiwu;
(Beijing, CN) ; WEI; Guijiang; (Beijing, CN)
; JIANG; Xin; (Beijing, CN) ; SHA; Zhiyuan;
(Beijing, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
University of Science and Technology Beijing
China Railway Tunnel Consultants Co., Ltd.
Hebei Zhucheng Industrial and Mining Machinery Co., Ltd |
Beijing
Guangzhou
Xingtai |
|
CN
CN
CN |
|
|
Assignee: |
University of Science and
Technology Beijing
Beijing
CN
China Railway Tunnel Consultants Co., Ltd.
Guangzhou
CN
Hebei Zhucheng Industrial and Mining Machinery Co., Ltd.
Xingtai
CN
|
Family ID: |
1000005880465 |
Appl. No.: |
17/227401 |
Filed: |
April 12, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09B 23/40 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G09B 23/40 20060101
G09B023/40 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 16, 2020 |
CN |
202010302159.4 |
Claims
1. A multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing system,
comprising a test piece testing device platform for a stratigraphic
structure model testing under multi-field coupling loading
conditions in an underground engineering, wherein the test piece
testing device platform comprises a watertight fan-shaped closed
cavity, a fluid-solid coupling loading system, and an anti-arc
reaction frame system, wherein, the watertight fan-shaped closed
cavity is provided with a permeable loading plate, and the
permeable loading plate divides the watertight fan-shaped closed
cavity into a test piece mounting region and a coupling loading
region, wherein the test piece mounting region is used for mounting
a preset-type model test piece, and the coupling loading region is
used for mounting the fluid-solid coupling loading system; the
fluid-solid coupling loading system comprises a hydraulic pumping
pipeline, a hydraulic control valve, and an effective stress
loading device; wherein the hydraulic pumping pipeline is connected
to the hydraulic control valve, and is used for performing a
hydraulic seepage loading on a rock and soil test piece enclosed in
the fan-shaped cavity, so that cracks and pores inside the rock and
soil test piece are filled with a hydraulic water pressure load;
and the effective stress loading device is used for performing a
solid skeleton stress loading in a preset direction on a model test
piece in the test piece mounting region, so as to implement a
fluid-solid coupling loading of rock and soil; the watertight
fan-shaped closed cavity is fixed through the anti-arc reaction
frame system; and a center side of the watertight fan-shaped closed
cavity is provided as an underground working face operation region,
and other two fan flat sides are provided as a physical and
chemical improvement application region for a surrounding rock test
piece; upper, lower, left, and right inner edges of the watertight
fan-shaped closed cavity are smooth inorganic coatings, and a
surface of the model test piece is made of tempered glass to
achieve a face seal of various boundaries; and the anti-arc
reaction frame system comprises an internal anti-arc floor
structure and an external anti-arc floor structure, and the
internal anti-arc floor structure and the external anti-arc floor
structure are mounted independently before a loading test; wherein
the internal anti-arc floor structure is used for fixing an outer
cambered surface of the watertight fan-shaped closed cavity, and
the external anti-arc floor structure is used for fixing two
lateral straight surfaces of the watertight fan-shaped closed
cavity; after mounting, except a radial solid loading arc
interface, other interfaces meet normal rigid constraints.
2. The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-functional
stratigraphic structure model testing system further comprises a
test piece prefabrication platform matched with the test piece
testing device platform; and the test piece prefabrication platform
comprises a machining tooling platform, a test piece mold, a 3D
printer, and part-making equipment, wherein the machining tooling
platform is fixed to the ground, is used for mounting the test
piece mold and the part-making equipment, and is matched with the
3D printer; the test piece mold is fixed to the machining tooling
platform, and is matched with a shape and a geometric size of the
test piece mounting region; and the part-making equipment is
mounted on the machining tooling platform in a sliding way, and the
part-making equipment is located above the test piece mold and is
movable in front, back, left and right directions relative to the
test piece mold.
3. The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system according to claim 1, wherein a working face simulation
device is detachably sealed and mounted in the underground working
face operation region; and the working face simulation device is
provided with a monitoring sensor of a preset type to monitor
performance parameters of underground surrounding rock and a
working face supporting structure.
4. The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system according to claim 1, wherein the effective stress loading
device comprises a radial loading device, a top axial loading
device, and a bottom axial loading device; and the radial loading
device, the top axial loading device, and the bottom axial loading
device are independent of each other, with load sizes freely
combined, wherein the radial loading device is used for performing
a radial coupling loading on an outer cambered surface of the model
test piece in a radial direction of the model test piece; the top
axial loading device is used for performing a coupling loading on a
top surface of the model test piece in an axial direction of the
model test piece; and the bottom axial loading device is used for
performing a coupling loading on a bottom surface of the model test
piece in the axial direction of the model test piece.
5. The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system according to claim 4, wherein each of the radial loading
device, the top axial loading device and the bottom axial loading
device comprises a jack, a hydraulic loading bag, and a permeable
loading plate connected to the hydraulic loading bag, wherein the
permeable loading plates of the top axial loading device and the
bottom axial loading device are provided with simulation interfaces
for a physical and chemical treating of surrounding rock of the
model test piece.
6. The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system according to claim 2, wherein the model test piece comprises
a top panel, a bottom panel, two lateral straight plates, an outer
diameter arc plate, and an inner diameter arc plate, wherein the
top panel, the bottom panel, and inner sides of the two lateral
straight plates are made of rigid and smooth inorganic material
coating materials; the outer diameter arc plate and the inner
diameter arc plate are made of steel plates, the outer diameter arc
plate and the inner diameter arc plate are respectively assembled
with the top panel, the bottom panel, and the two lateral straight
plates through a detachable, self-locking and tight scarfing, and
auxiliary bolts are detachably connected.
7. The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system according to claim 1, wherein the permeable loading plate
and the effective stress loading device are thicker and more rigid
than the model test piece, and a permeable hole on the permeable
loading plate is sealable and removable to simulate a groundwater
environment with an engineering special bias flow.
8. The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system according to claim 2, wherein a surface of the model test
piece fabricated by the test piece mold of the test piece
prefabrication platform is made of smooth tempered glass.
9. A stratigraphic structure model testing method for a
stratigraphic structure model testing under multi-field coupling
loading conditions in an underground engineering, comprising:
according to a to-be-simulated engineering project, establishing a
simulation test model and determining a test piece material;
building the test piece prefabrication platform according to claim
2, and preparing a test piece according to the determined test
piece material; assembling the test piece testing device platform,
and mounting the prepared test piece; conducting a test according
to a set test scheme, and recording a test process and
corresponding monitoring data information; establishing a numerical
model the same as the simulation test model, and calculating
corresponding numerical calculation results; optimizing numerical
calculation conditions and parameters of the numerical model, so
that the numerical calculation results are consistent with a model
test; and based on optimized numerical calculation conditions and
parameters, establishing a real model, and taking calculation
results of the real model as corresponding real test results.
10. The stratigraphic structure model testing method according to
claim 9, wherein a working face simulation device is detachably
sealed and mounted in the underground working face operation
region; and the working face simulation device is provided with a
monitoring sensor of a preset type to monitor performance
parameters of underground surrounding rock and a working face
supporting structure.
11. The stratigraphic structure model testing method according to
claim 9, wherein the effective stress loading device comprises a
radial loading device, a top axial loading device, and a bottom
axial loading device; and the radial loading device, the top axial
loading device, and the bottom axial loading device are independent
of each other, with load sizes freely combined, wherein the radial
loading device is used for performing a radial coupling loading on
an outer cambered surface of the model test piece in a radial
direction of the model test piece; the top axial loading device is
used for performing a coupling loading on a top surface of the
model test piece in an axial direction of the model test piece; and
the bottom axial loading device is used for performing a coupling
loading on a bottom surface of the model test piece in the axial
direction of the model test piece.
12. The stratigraphic structure model testing method according to
claim 11, wherein each of the radial loading device, the top axial
loading device and the bottom axial loading device comprises a
jack, a hydraulic loading bag, and a permeable loading plate
connected to the hydraulic loading bag, wherein permeable loading
plates of the top axial loading device and the bottom axial loading
device are provided with simulation interfaces for a physical and
chemical treating of surrounding rock of the model test piece.
13. The stratigraphic structure model testing method according to
claim 9, wherein the model test piece comprises a top panel, a
bottom panel, two lateral straight plates, an outer diameter arc
plate, and an inner diameter arc plate, wherein the top panel, the
bottom panel, and inner sides of the two lateral straight plates
are made of rigid and smooth inorganic material coating materials;
the outer diameter arc plate and the inner diameter arc plate are
made of steel plates, the outer diameter arc plate and the inner
diameter arc plate are respectively assembled with the top panel,
the bottom panel, and the two lateral straight plates through a
detachable, self-locking and tight scarfing, and auxiliary bolts
are detachably connected.
14. The stratigraphic structure model testing method according to
claim 9, wherein the permeable loading plate and the effective
stress loading device are thicker and more rigid than the model
test piece, and a permeable hole on the permeable loading plate is
sealable and removable to simulate a groundwater environment with
an engineering special bias flow.
15. The stratigraphic structure model testing method according to
claim 9, wherein a surface of the model test piece fabricated by
the test piece mold of the test piece prefabrication platform is
made of smooth tempered glass.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is based upon and claims priority to
Chinese Patent Application No. 202010302159.4, filed on Apr. 16,
2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of stratigraphic
structure model testing research technologies, and, in particular,
to a multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing system
and testing method.
BACKGROUND
[0003] With the development of urban underground space and deep
resources, the difficulty of underground engineering design,
construction and technology under complex geological conditions is
increasing. Restricted by theoretical and technical conditions, a
"load+structure" test mode of surface structures has been wrongly
applied for mechanical performance tests of underground engineering
structures since a long time. A loading method is of simple direct
mechanical loading with single-direction jack. In fact, however,
the underground engineering structures are far different from the
surface structures with the following main features:
[0004] 1) The existence of surrounding rock is not only an external
load, but also a part of a bearing structure.
[0005] 2) The underground engineering structures are often in
complex multi-field coupling situations, such as a stress field, a
temperature field, and a seepage field.
[0006] 3) When the depth of underground engineering is more than
100 meters, the impermeability grade of concrete components
commonly used in surface buildings often cannot meet the
requirements of the underground engineering structures.
[0007] At present, the current situation of underground engineering
structure simulation testing devices in domestic and abroad is as
follows:
[0008] 1) The functionality is simple and less while the reuse rate
is low. Some are specially used for surrounding rock treatment,
such as grouting, freezing, etc., some are specially used for
underground structure stress features and strength testing, and
some are specially used for mining shaft or traffic tunnel and
other fields. The available model test equipment is poor for
extensibility of test capability.
[0009] 2) The reduction scale of model samples is normally too
large, which leads to the distortion of underground structures and
material characteristics. In the simulation test analysis, limited
by many factors such as equipment space and loading capacity, the
geometric reduction ratio of most tests has to be set too large,
which leads to a series problem such as the dissimilarity of the
structure and material characteristics of underground engineering,
and the difficulty to select and place the monitoring sensors.
[0010] 3) The loading structure is too simple, and the test device
must be improved. At present, there are few testing devices at home
and abroad that can implement mixed loading functions such as
underground water pressure load, rock and soil solid load, and
geological structure load. The joint design of device seal and
loading system is the key point.
[0011] 4) Due to the high integrity of the rock mass, it is not
easy to cut and transport, so there are few model tests for real
rock mass and surrounding rock, either there are fewer simulation
material of overall rock mass of model test pieces.
[0012] 5) Due to the heavy workload of indoor model test design and
a long period of production and test cycle, it is difficult to
carry out multi-factor and multi-level model testing research. And
a single-function model test is too costly.
[0013] With the development of modern underground engineering, it
is urgent to develop a model test platform that can truly reflect
the interaction between surrounding rock and lining structures, and
the performance of multi-field coupling environment, especially the
coupling effect between groundwater and surrounding water-bearing
rock.
SUMMARY
[0014] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure
is to provide a multi-functional stratigraphic structure model
testing system and testing method, so as to solve at least a part
of the problems such as "large structure, single functionality, and
inefficient system" of current underground engineering model tests,
thereby ensuring "full-scale, strict scientific" underground
engineering simulation tests. The multi-functional stratigraphic
structure model testing system of the present disclosure is
scientific, universal, and versatile, can break through industry
differences of underground engineering problems, can be combined
with a modern intelligent monitoring technology, an image
information processing technology, a 3D model printing technology,
a new material research and development technology, etc., to
provide standardized testing research equipment for scientific
research and engineering units, and provide a stronger testing
research platform for the development of underground
engineering.
[0015] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present
disclosure provides the following technical solution:
[0016] A multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system, including a test piece testing device platform that
includes a watertight fan-shaped closed cavity, a fluid-solid
coupling loading system, and an anti-arc reaction frame system,
wherein
[0017] the fan-shaped closed cavity is provided with a permeable
loading plate, and the permeable loading plate divides the
fan-shaped closed cavity into a test piece mounting region and a
coupling loading region, wherein the test piece mounting region is
used for mounting a preset-type model test piece, and the coupling
loading region is used for mounting the fluid-solid coupling
loading system;
[0018] the fluid-solid coupling loading system comprises a
hydraulic pumping pipeline, a hydraulic control valve, and an
effective stress loading device, the hydraulic pumping pipeline is
connected to the hydraulic control valve, and is used for
performing hydraulic seepage loading on a rock and soil test piece
in the fan-shaped closed cavity, so that cracks and pores inside
the rock and soil test piece are filled with hydraulic load; and
the effective stress loading device is used for performing
effective stress loading in a preset direction on a model test
piece in the test piece mounting region, so as to implement
fluid-solid coupling loading of rock and soil;
[0019] the fan-shaped closed cavity is fixed through the anti-arc
reaction frame system; and a center side of the fan-shaped closed
cavity is provided with an underground working face operation
region, and the other two flat sides are provided with a physical
and chemical improvement application region for a surrounding rock
test piece; and
[0020] upper, lower, left, and right inner edges of the fan-shaped
closed cavity are smooth inorganic coatings, and a surface of the
test piece is made of tempered glass to achieve face seal of
various boundaries.
[0021] The multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing
system further includes a test piece prefabrication platform
matched with the test piece testing device platform; and the test
piece prefabrication platform includes a machining tooling
platform, a test piece mold, a 3D printer, and part-making
equipment, wherein
[0022] the machining tooling platform is fixed to the ground, is
used for mounting the test piece mold and the part-making
equipment, and is matched with the 3D printer;
[0023] the test piece mold is fixed to the machining tooling
platform, and is matched with the shape and geometric size of the
test piece mounting region; and
[0024] the part-making equipment is mounted on the machining
tooling platform in a sliding way, and the part-making equipment is
located above the test piece mold and is movable in front, back,
left and right directions relative to the test piece mold.
[0025] The anti-arc reaction frame system includes an internal
anti-arc floor structure and an external anti-arc floor
structure,
[0026] wherein the internal anti-arc floor structure is used for
fixing an outer cambered surface of the fan-shaped closed cavity,
and the external anti-arc floor structure is used for fixing two
lateral straight surfaces of the fan-shaped closed cavity.
[0027] A working face simulation device is detachably sealed and
mounted in the underground working face operation region; and the
working face simulation device is provided with a monitoring sensor
of a preset type to monitor performance parameters of underground
surrounding rock and a working face supporting structure.
[0028] The effective stress loading device includes a radial
loading device, a top axial loading device, and a bottom axial
loading device; and the radial loading device, the top axial
loading device, and the bottom axial loading device are independent
of each other, with load sizes freely combined,
[0029] wherein the radial loading device is used for performing
radial coupling loading on an outer cambered surface of the model
test piece in a radial direction of the model test piece; the top
axial loading device is used for performing coupling loading on a
top surface of the model test piece in an axial direction of the
model test piece; and the bottom axial loading device is used for
performing coupling loading on a bottom surface of the model test
piece in the axial direction of the model test piece.
[0030] The loading device includes a jack, a hydraulic loading bag,
and a permeable loading plate connected to the hydraulic loading
bag, wherein the permeable loading plates of the top axial loading
device and the bottom axial loading device are provided with a
physical and chemical simulation interface for treating surrounding
rock of the model test piece.
[0031] The model test piece includes a top panel, a bottom panel,
two lateral straight plates, an outer diameter arc plate, and an
inner diameter arc plate,
[0032] wherein the top panel, the bottom panel, and inner sides of
the two lateral straight plates are made of rigid and smooth
inorganic material coating materials; the outer diameter arc plate
and the inner diameter arc plate are made of steel plates, the
outer diameter arc plate and the inner diameter arc plate are
respectively assembled with the top panel, the bottom panel, and
the two lateral straight plates through detachable, self-locking
and tight scarfing, and auxiliary bolts are detachably
connected.
[0033] The permeable loading plate and the effective stress loading
device are thicker and more rigid than the test piece, and a
permeable hole on the permeable loading plate is sealable and
removable to simulate a groundwater environment with engineering
special bias flow.
[0034] A surface of the test piece fabricated by the test piece
mold of the test piece prefabrication platform is made of smooth
tempered glass.
[0035] Correspondingly, in order to solve the above technical
problems, the present disclosure further provides the following
technical solution:
[0036] A stratigraphic structure model testing method,
including:
[0037] according to a to-be-simulated engineering project,
establishing a simulation test model and determining a test piece
material;
[0038] building the test piece prefabrication platform described
above, and preparing a test piece according to the determined test
piece material;
[0039] assembling the testing device platform described above, and
mounting the prepared test piece;
[0040] conducting a test according to a set test scheme, and
recording a test process and corresponding monitoring data
information;
[0041] establishing a numerical model the same as the simulation
test model, and calculating corresponding numerical calculation
results;
[0042] optimizing numerical calculation conditions and parameters
of the numerical model, so that the numerical calculation results
are consistent with a model test; and
[0043] based on the optimized numerical calculation conditions and
parameters, establishing a real model, and taking calculation
results of the real model as corresponding real test results.
[0044] The above technical solutions of the present disclosure have
the following beneficial effects:
[0045] 1) A multi-field coupling effect of underground engineering
structures is implemented, and real engineering geological
environments and corresponding surrounding rock reinforcement
technologies are simulated to meet the requirements of model tests
for the joint bearing capacity of surrounding rock and structures
under the multi-field coupling effect.
[0046] 2) With the help of an advanced image analysis technology,
research and development achievements of new simulation materials,
advanced 3D model printing equipment, etc., the production of model
test pieces can be completed, theoretically covering the simulation
production of all surrounding rock materials.
[0047] 3) Through continuous improvement and standardized
development of the stratigraphic structure model testing system of
the present disclosure, the universality of the stratigraphic
structure model testing system in underground engineering can be
enhanced. It can be designed according to specific requirements
such as size, function, load, and function, and become a regular
teaching and scientific research platform.
[0048] 4) Based on a scientific similarity criterion, calculation
conditions and parameters of real engineering numerical calculation
are optimized by comparing test results of the same-proportion
similarity model with numerical calculation results. Therefore,
multi-factor and multi-level model tests can be carried out by
establishing variable numerical models, so that the number of
concrete model tests can be greatly reduced and the cost of
scientific research can be reduced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0049] FIG. 1 is a schematic horizontal cross-sectional view of a
test piece testing device platform provided by a first embodiment
of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 2 is a schematic radial longitudinal sectional view of
the test piece testing device platform provided by the first
embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 3 is a schematic horizontal cross-sectional view of a
test piece prefabrication platform provided by the first embodiment
of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 4 is a schematic vertical longitudinal sectional view
of the test piece prefabrication platform provided by the first
embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0053] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a stratigraphic structure
model testing method provided by a second embodiment of the present
disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0054] 1. Fan-shaped closed cavity; 2. permeable loading plate; 3.
test piece; 4. hydraulic control valve; [0055] 5. radial loading
device; 6. top axial loading device; 7. bottom axial loading
device; [0056] 8. physical and chemical simulation interface; 9.
working face simulation device; 10. internal anti-arc floor
structure; 11. external anti-arc floor structure; 12. test piece
mold; 13. machining tooling platform; [0057] 14. part-making
equipment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0058] To make the technical problems to be solved by the present
disclosure, the technical solutions and the advantages clearer,
detailed description is provided below with reference to the
accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
First Embodiment
[0059] Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, this embodiment provides a
multi-functional stratigraphic structure model testing system. The
system first includes a test piece testing device platform. The
test piece testing device platform, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2,
mainly includes: a fan-shaped closed cavity 1, a fluid-solid
coupling loading system, and an anti-arc reaction frame system.
[0060] The fan-shaped closed cavity 1 is provided with a permeable
loading plate 2. The permeable loading plate 2 divides the
fan-shaped closed cavity 1 into two functional regions, which are
respectively a test piece mounting region I and a coupling loading
region II. The test piece mounting region I is used for mounting a
preset-type model test piece 3. the test piece 3 includes both
surrounding rock and structure. The coupling loading region II is
used for mounting the fluid-solid coupling loading system.
[0061] The fluid-solid coupling loading system includes a hydraulic
pumping pipeline, a hydraulic control valve 4, and a
multi-directional effective stress loading device, which can be
independent of or combined with each other. The hydraulic control
valve 4 is used for performing hydraulic seepage loading on a rock
and soil test piece in the fan-shaped closed cavity 1, so that
cracks and pores inside the rock and soil test piece are filled
with hydraulic load. The effective stress loading device is used
for performing effective stress loading in a preset direction on
the test piece 3 in the test piece mounting region I, so as to
implement fluid-solid coupling loading of rock and soil.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the effective stress loading
device includes a radial loading device 5, a top axial loading
device 6, and a bottom axial loading device 7. The loading devices
in three different directions are independent of each other, with
load sizes freely combined.
[0062] The radial loading device 5 is used for performing radial
coupling loading on an outer cambered surface of the test piece 3
in a radial direction of the test piece 3. The top axial loading
device 6 is used for performing coupling loading on a top surface
of the test piece 3 in an axial direction of the test piece 3. The
bottom axial loading device 7 is used for performing coupling
loading on a bottom surface of the test piece 3 in the axial
direction of the test piece 3. Each loading apparatus includes a
jack, a hydraulic loading bag, and a permeable loading plate
connected to the hydraulic loading bag. The loading plates of the
top axial loading device 6 and the bottom axial loading device 7
are provided with a physical and chemical simulation interface 8
for treating surrounding rock of the test piece 3. The physical and
chemical simulation interface 8 can simulate underground anchoring
grouting and artificial freezing reinforcement in combination with
other small equipment according to a test scheme.
[0063] The fan-shaped closed cavity 1 is fixed through the anti-arc
reaction frame system; and a center side of the fan-shaped closed
cavity 1 is provided with an underground working face operation
region III. Adequate space is provided future researchers
conducting model tests with a simulation working face to simulate
underground engineering construction processes, such as masonry,
anchoring, sprayed concrete, and grouting reinforcement. The other
two flat sides are provided with a physical and chemical
improvement application region IV for a surrounding rock test
piece. Through reserved holes, the pipeline, and the control valve,
operations such as drilling, coring, wall protection, pumping, and
grouting can be performed in the surrounding rock.
[0064] Further, upper, lower, left, and right inner edges of the
fan-shaped closed cavity 1 are smooth inorganic coatings, and a
surface of the test piece is made of tempered glass to achieve face
seal of various boundaries.
[0065] Further, in this embodiment, the permeable loading plate 2
is properly thickened at a loading position of the jack to ensure
sufficient rigidity. The permeable loading plate 2 and the
effective stress loading device are thicker and more rigid than the
test piece 3, and a permeable hole on the permeable loading plate 2
is sealable and removable to simulate a groundwater environment
with engineering special bias flow.
[0066] A working face simulation device 9 of a preset type is
detachably sealed and mounted in the underground working face
operation region III according to a test purpose, and is used for
simulating the underground engineering construction processes. At
the same time, the working face simulation device 9 is provided
with a monitoring sensor to monitor performance parameters of
underground surrounding rock and a working face supporting
structure, including displacement, stress, strain, seepage, and
temperature information.
[0067] In addition, the test device platform of this embodiment is
designed according to an axially symmetric mechanical model, and
the axial and radial loading devices are located in the closed
cavity 1. The anti-arc reaction frame system is designed to fix the
fan-shaped closed cavity 1 to meet the requirements of structure
and test safety. The anti-arc reaction frame system includes an
internal anti-arc floor structure 10 and an external anti-arc floor
structure 11, which are mounted independently before the loading
test.
[0068] The internal anti-arc floor structure 10 is used for fixing
an outer cambered surface of the fan-shaped closed cavity 1, and
the external anti-arc floor structure 11 is used for fixing two
lateral straight surfaces of the fan-shaped closed cavity 1. The
assembly of the fan-shaped closed cavity 1 is dominated by notch
wedge extrusion structure connection and supplemented by bolt
connection. After mounting, except a radial solid loading arc
interface, other interfaces should meet normal rigid
constraints.
[0069] Further, the stratigraphic structure model testing system of
this embodiment further includes a test piece prefabrication
platform matched with the test piece testing device platform. The
test piece prefabrication platform, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4,
mainly includes a machining tooling platform 13, a test piece mold
14, a 3D printer, and part-making equipment 14.
[0070] The machining tooling platform 13 is fixed to the ground by
bolts, is used for mounting the test piece mold 12 and the
part-making equipment 14, and is matched with the 3D printer which
is constantly developing in the future. The design meets the
mounting space requirements of the test piece mold 12 and the
part-making equipment 14, and has a certain maneuvering space.
[0071] The test piece mold 12 is fixed to the machining tooling
platform 13 by bolts. In this embodiment, the test piece mold is a
fan-shaped mold that accurately matches the geometric size and
shape of the test piece mounting region I, and is designed to meet
the tight contact between the test piece and the cavity structure.
The model test piece includes a top panel, a bottom panel, two
lateral straight plates, an outer diameter arc plate, and an inner
diameter arc plate. The top panel, the bottom panel, and the two
lateral straight plates are mainly made of toughened glass, to
facilitate the inspection of the fabrication of the test piece. The
top panel, the bottom panel, and inner sides of the two lateral
straight plates are made of rigid and smooth inorganic material
coating materials. The outer diameter arc plate and the inner
diameter arc plate are made of steel plates, the outer diameter arc
plate and the inner diameter arc plate are respectively assembled
with the top panel, the bottom panel, and the two lateral straight
plates through detachable, self-locking and tight scarfing, and
auxiliary bolts are detachably connected. The shape of the arc
plate can be designed according to a research purpose. In addition,
the fan-shaped mold material has a smooth surface to ensure that
the test piece is not affected by the friction of the template
during the fabrication.
[0072] The part-making equipment 14 is mounted on the machining
tooling platform 13 in a sliding way, is located above the test
piece mold 12, and is movable in front, back, left and right
directions relative to the test piece mold 12, to meet preparation
requirements of different test pieces.
[0073] A test piece machining platform of this embodiment is based
on the future development of 3D printing, and a fabrication
template is made of inorganic materials such as toughened glass
with the same performance as the test piece, which may be demoulded
or not demoulded, but an outer surface of the test piece is smooth
and meets the requirements of sealing. A surface of the test piece
fabricated by the test piece mold 12 of the test piece
prefabrication platform is made of smooth tempered glass with
similar properties of geotechnical materials, which not only
ensures that the boundary is sealed, but also achieves similar
materials.
[0074] The stratigraphic structure model testing system in this
embodiment is mainly used for stratigraphic structure model testing
research under multi-field coupling loading conditions in
underground engineering, which simulates multi-field coupling
loading, lining structure support, surrounding rock anchor
grouting, and artificial strata freezing. By means of similar
theory, numerical simulation, 3D printing, information monitoring,
and other advanced technologies, the system can be used for
prospective and practical research on the interaction between
complex underground engineering structure systems and surrounding
rock structures under the multi-field coupling loading. The system
can be designed in a parting way according to sizes, functions,
loading, functions, and other specific requirements for
standardized production, which can be used for model tests of
strata and structures affected by multi-field coupling in complex
geological environments.
Second Embodiment
[0075] Referring to FIG. 5, this embodiment provides a
stratigraphic structure model testing method. According to the test
process in FIG. 5, an implementation scheme of an engineering model
test is designed, which includes the following steps:
[0076] 1. Basic engineering problems are clarified, a concrete real
model is abstracted, and engineering simulation test items are
determined.
[0077] 2. A simulation test model is established, similar materials
of a test piece are determined, and a test scheme is designed.
[0078] 3. The test piece prefabrication platform as described in
the above embodiment is set up to prepare the test piece.
[0079] 1) The test piece mold 12 is fixed to the machining tooling
platform 13.
[0080] 2) The part-making equipment 14 is mounted on the test piece
mold 12 in a sliding way.
[0081] 3) After the part-making materials determined above are
loaded into the part-making equipment 14, the test piece mold 12
makes a test piece. The test piece made is matched with the
geometrical size of the test piece mounting region I of the
fan-shaped closed cavity 1, and meets the tight contact between the
test piece and the cavity structure.
[0082] 4. The test device platform as described in the above
embodiment is assembled, the test piece is mounted, and the
structure is closed.
[0083] 5. A test is conducted according to a set test scheme, and a
test process and corresponding monitoring data information are
recorded.
[0084] 6. A numerical model the same as the simulation test model
is established, and corresponding numerical calculation results are
calculated.
[0085] 7. Numerical calculation conditions and parameters are
optimized, so that the numerical calculation results are consistent
with a model test.
[0086] 8. Based on the optimized numerical calculation conditions
and parameters, a real model is established, and calculation
results of the real model are taken as corresponding real test
results.
[0087] 9. This step completes the research process of obtaining
real test results from the model test.
[0088] The properties of test piece materials for simulating
underground surrounding rock and lining structures should conform
to the similarity criteria of model tests. For rock mass materials
that are difficult to be remold, 3D printing can be performed based
on their macro and micro structural features. After related similar
material research and 3D printing equipment are evaluated by
experts, system mounting and test piece production can be carried
out on the machining platform 13.
[0089] Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise", or their any
other variants are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so
that a process, a method, an article, or a terminal device that
includes a list of elements not only includes those elements but
also includes other elements that are not expressly listed, or
further includes elements inherent to such a process, method,
article, or terminal device. When there are no more restrictions,
an element defined by the expression "including one . . . " does
not exclude the presence of other similar elements in the process,
method, article, or terminal device including the element.
[0090] It needs to be further noted that the above are preferred
embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be indicates that
the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been
described; however, once knowing basic creative concepts, those of
ordinary skill in the art can make other improvements and
modifications without departing from the principle of the present
disclosure. Such improvements and modifications should also be
regarded as the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be explained as
including the preferred embodiments and all improvements and
modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the
present disclosure.
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