U.S. patent application number 17/002006 was filed with the patent office on 2021-10-07 for chip antenna.
This patent application is currently assigned to Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.. The applicant listed for this patent is Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Kyu Bum HAN, Myeong Woo HAN, Young Sik HUR, Dae Ki LIM, Ju Hyoung PARK, Jeong Ki RYOO.
Application Number | 20210313694 17/002006 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005060510 |
Filed Date | 2021-10-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210313694 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
LIM; Dae Ki ; et
al. |
October 7, 2021 |
CHIP ANTENNA
Abstract
A chip antenna includes: a first dielectric layer; a second
dielectric layer upwardly spaced apart from the first dielectric
layer; a patch antenna pattern disposed on the second dielectric
layer; a feed via extending through the first dielectric layer; a
feed pattern disposed between the first and second dielectric
layers, electrically connected to the feed via, and spaced apart
from the patch antenna pattern; and an adhesive layer adhered to
the first and second dielectric layers. The adhesive layer includes
a cavity surrounding the feed pattern between the first and second
dielectric layers and; and a vent disposed between the cavity and
an external side surface of the adhesive layer.
Inventors: |
LIM; Dae Ki; (Suwon-si,
KR) ; HUR; Young Sik; (Suwon-si, KR) ; HAN;
Kyu Bum; (Suwon-si, KR) ; PARK; Ju Hyoung;
(Suwon-si, KR) ; HAN; Myeong Woo; (Suwon-si,
KR) ; RYOO; Jeong Ki; (Suwon-si, KR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. |
Suwon-si |
|
KR |
|
|
Assignee: |
Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co.,
Ltd.
Suwon-si
KR
|
Family ID: |
1000005060510 |
Appl. No.: |
17/002006 |
Filed: |
August 25, 2020 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01Q 9/045 20130101;
H01Q 1/2283 20130101; H01Q 1/02 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H01Q 9/04 20060101
H01Q009/04; H01Q 1/22 20060101 H01Q001/22; H01Q 1/02 20060101
H01Q001/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 2, 2020 |
KR |
10-2020-0040210 |
Claims
1. A chip antenna, comprising: a first dielectric layer; a second
dielectric layer upwardly spaced apart from the first dielectric
layer; a patch antenna pattern disposed on the second dielectric
layer; a feed via extending through the first dielectric layer; a
feed pattern disposed between the first and second dielectric
layers, electrically connected to the feed via, and spaced apart
from the patch antenna pattern; and an adhesive layer adhered to
the first and second dielectric layers, and including: a cavity
surrounding the feed pattern between the first and second
dielectric layers and; and a vent disposed between the cavity and
an external side surface of the adhesive layer.
2. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer includes
a polymer having an adhesiveness higher than an adhesiveness of a
dielectric material of the first and second dielectric layers.
3. The chip antenna of claim 2, wherein the external side surface
of the adhesive layer, a side surface of the first dielectric
layer, and a side surface of the second dielectric layer form a
single plane.
4. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein a width of the vent is
shorter than a width of a structure surrounding the cavity on the
adhesive layer.
5. The chip antenna of claim 4, wherein the vent includes a
plurality of vents, and wherein at least two vents among the
plurality of vents are disposed to overlap each other in a venting
direction of the at least two vents.
6. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the patch antenna pattern
has a quadrangular shape with chamfered corners, and a side of the
quadrangular shape is disposed to be diagonal to a side of the
cavity.
7. The chip antenna of claim 6, further comprising: a plurality of
coupling patterns disposed on the second dielectric layer and
arranged to at least extend adjacent to sides of the quadrangular
shape.
8. The chip antenna of claim 7, wherein the patch antenna pattern
and the plurality of coupling patterns are disposed on a same level
on an upper surface of the second dielectric layer.
9. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the patch antenna pattern
is disposed on an upper surface of the second dielectric layer.
10. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed pattern extends
in a diagonal direction with respect to a side of the cavity.
11. The chip antenna of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the
cavity includes air, and wherein at least a portion of the feed
pattern is plated.
12. The chip antenna of claim 1, further comprising: a soldering
pattern disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric layer
and surrounding the feed via.
13. A chip antenna, comprising: a first dielectric layer; a feed
via extending through the first dielectric layer; a second
dielectric layer upwardly spaced apart from the first dielectric
layer; a patch antenna pattern disposed between the first and
second dielectric layers and electrically connected to the feed
via; and an adhesive layer adhered to the first and second
dielectric layers, and including: a cavity surrounding the patch
antenna pattern between the first and second dielectric layers; and
a vent disposed between the cavity and an external side surface of
the adhesive layer.
14. The chip antenna of claim 13, wherein the adhesive layer
includes polymer having an adhesiveness higher than an adhesiveness
of a dielectric material of the first and second dielectric
layers.
15. The chip antenna of claim 14, wherein the external side surface
of the adhesive layer, a side surface of the first dielectric
layer, and a side surface of the second dielectric layer form a
single plane.
16. The chip antenna of claim 13, wherein a width of the vent is
shorter than a width of a structure surrounding the cavity on the
adhesive layer.
17. The chip antenna of claim 16, wherein the vent includes four or
more vents, and wherein the patch antenna pattern has a
quadrangular shape with chamfered corners, and the chamfered
corners are disposed to overlap corresponding vents, among the four
or more vents, in a venting direction of the corresponding
vents.
18. The chip antenna of claim 13, wherein the patch antenna pattern
has a quadrangular shape having chamfered corners, and a side of
the quadrangular shape is disposed to be diagonal to a side of the
cavity.
19. The chip antenna of claim 13, wherein at least a portion of the
cavity includes air, and wherein at least a portion of the patch
antenna pattern is plated.
20. The chip antenna of claim 13, further comprising: a soldering
pattern disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric layer
and surrounding the feed via.
21. A chip antenna, comprising: a first dielectric layer; a second
dielectric layer disposed above the first dielectric layer; a
cavity disposed between the first dielectric layer and the second
dielectric layer; a patch antenna pattern disposed on the second
dielectric layer; a feed pattern disposed in the cavity and
configured to feed a signal to or from the patch antenna pattern in
a non-contact manner; an adhesive layer attaching the first
dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer to each other, and
surrounding the cavity; and a vent extending from the cavity to an
external side surface of the adhesive layer.
22. The chip antenna of claim 21, wherein the adhesive layer has a
dielectric constant that is lower than a dielectric constant of the
first dielectric layer and a dielectric constant of the second
dielectric layer.
23. The chip antenna of claim 21, wherein the patch antenna pattern
does not extend laterally beyond the cavity.
24. The chip antenna of claim 23, wherein the patch antenna pattern
has a quadrangular shape with chamfered corners, and the vent is
aligned with one of the chamfered corners.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.
119(a) of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0040210 filed on
Apr. 2, 2020 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire
disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all
purposes.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
[0002] The following description relates to a chip antenna.
2. Description of Related Art
[0003] Mobile communications data traffic has increased on an
annual basis. Various techniques have been actively developed to
support rapidly increasing data in wireless networks in real time.
For example, conversion of Internet of Things (IoT)-based data into
contents, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), live VR/AR
linked with SNS, an automatic driving function, applications such
as a sync view (transmission of real-time images from a user's
viewpoint using a compact camera), and the like, may require
communications (e.g., 5G communications, mmWave communications, and
the like) which support the transmission and reception of large
volumes of data.
[0004] Accordingly, there has been a large amount of research on
mmWave communications including 5th generation (5G), and research
into the commercialization and standardization of an antenna
apparatus for implementing such communications has been
increasingly conducted.
[0005] An RF signal of a high frequency band (e.g., 24 GHz, 28 GHz,
36 GHz, 39 GHz, 60 GHz, and the like) may be easily absorbed and
lost while being transferred, such that communications quality may
degrade. Thus, an antenna for communications based on a high
frequency band may need a technical approach different from that of
a general antenna technique, and development of a special technique
such as securing of antenna gain, integration between an antenna
and an RFIC, securing of effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP),
and the like, may be required.
SUMMARY
[0006] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of
concepts in simplified form that are further described below in the
Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key
features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor
is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the
claimed subject matter.
[0007] In one general aspect, a chip antenna includes: a first
dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer upwardly spaced apart
from the first dielectric layer; a patch antenna pattern disposed
on the second dielectric layer; a feed via extending through the
first dielectric layer; a feed pattern disposed between the first
and second dielectric layers, electrically connected to the feed
via, and spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern; and an
adhesive layer adhered to the first and second dielectric layers.
The adhesive layer includes a cavity surrounding the feed pattern
between the first and second dielectric layers and; and a vent
disposed between the cavity and an external side surface of the
adhesive layer.
[0008] The adhesive layer may include a polymer having an
adhesiveness higher than an adhesiveness of a dielectric material
of the first and second dielectric layers.
[0009] The external side surface of the adhesive layer, a side
surface of the first dielectric layer, and a side surface of the
second dielectric layer may form a single plane.
[0010] A width of the vent may be shorter than a width of a
structure surrounding the cavity on the adhesive layer.
[0011] The vent may include a plurality of vents, and at least two
vents among the plurality of vents may be disposed to overlap each
other in a venting direction of the at least two vents.
[0012] The patch antenna pattern may have a quadrangular shape with
chamfered corners, and a side of the quadrangular shape may be
disposed to be diagonal to a side of the cavity.
[0013] The chip antenna may further include: a plurality of
coupling patterns disposed on the second dielectric layer and
arranged to at least extend adjacent to sides of the quadrangular
shape.
[0014] The patch antenna pattern and the plurality of coupling
patterns may be disposed on a same level on an upper surface of the
second dielectric layer.
[0015] The patch antenna pattern may be disposed on an upper
surface of the second dielectric layer.
[0016] The feed pattern may extend in a diagonal direction with
respect to a side of the cavity.
[0017] At least a portion of the cavity may include air, and at
least a portion of the feed pattern may be plated.
[0018] The chip antenna may further include: a soldering pattern
disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric layer and
surrounding the feed via.
[0019] In another general aspect, a chip antenna includes: a first
dielectric layer; a feed via extending through the first dielectric
layer; a second dielectric layer upwardly spaced apart from the
first dielectric layer; a patch antenna pattern disposed between
the first and second dielectric layers and electrically connected
to the feed via; and an adhesive layer adhered to the first and
second dielectric layers. The adhesive layer includes: a cavity
surrounding the patch antenna pattern between the first and second
dielectric layers; and a vent disposed between the cavity and an
external side surface of the adhesive layer.
[0020] The adhesive layer may include polymer having an
adhesiveness higher than an adhesiveness of a dielectric material
of the first and second dielectric layers.
[0021] The external side surface of the adhesive layer, a side
surface of the first dielectric layer, and a side surface of the
second dielectric layer may form a single plane.
[0022] A width of the vent may be shorter than a width of a
structure surrounding the cavity on the adhesive layer.
[0023] The vent may include four or more vents. The patch antenna
pattern may have a quadrangular shape with chamfered corners, and
the chamfered corners may be disposed to overlap corresponding
vents, among the four or more vents, in a venting direction of the
corresponding vents.
[0024] The patch antenna pattern may have a quadrangular shape
having chamfered corners, and a side of the quadrangular shape may
be disposed to be diagonal to a side of the cavity.
[0025] At least a portion of the cavity may include air, and at
least a portion of the patch antenna pattern may be plated.
[0026] The chip antenna may further include: a soldering pattern
disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric layer and
surrounding the feed via.
[0027] In another general aspect, a chip antenna includes: a first
dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer disposed above the
first dielectric layer; a cavity disposed between the first
dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer; a patch antenna
pattern disposed on the second dielectric layer; a feed pattern
disposed in the cavity and configured to feed a signal to or from
the patch antenna pattern in a non-contact manner; an adhesive
layer attaching the first dielectric layer and the second
dielectric layer to each other, and surrounding the cavity; and a
vent extending from the cavity to an external side surface of the
adhesive layer.
[0028] The adhesive layer may have a dielectric constant that is
lower than a dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer and
a dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer.
[0029] The patch antenna pattern may not extend laterally beyond
the cavity.
[0030] The patch antenna pattern may have a quadrangular shape with
chamfered corners, and the vent may be aligned with one of the
chamfered corners.
[0031] Other features and aspects will be apparent from the
following detailed description, the drawings, and the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0032] FIG. 1A is a lateral view illustrating a dispositional level
of each element in a chip antenna, according to an embodiment.
[0033] FIG. 1B is a lateral view illustrating disposition of a
patch antenna pattern of a chip antenna downwardly, according to an
embodiment.
[0034] FIG. 2A is a perspective view illustrating an adhesive layer
and a vent of the chip antenna of FIG. 1A, according to an
embodiment.
[0035] FIG. 2B is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of
the chip antenna of FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment.
[0036] FIG. 2C is a perspective view illustrating a feed pattern
and a feed via of the chip antenna of FIG. 1A, according to an
embodiment.
[0037] FIG. 2D is a perspective view illustrating downward
disposition of a patch antenna pattern of the chip antenna of FIG.
1B, according to an embodiment.
[0038] FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views illustrating adhesive
layers of chip antennas, according to embodiments.
[0039] FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views illustrating patch
antenna patterns of chip antennas, according to embodiments.
[0040] FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views illustrating the
chip antenna of FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment.
[0041] FIG. 6A is a perspective view illustrating arrangement of a
plurality of chip antennas, according to an embodiment.
[0042] FIG. 6B is a perspective view illustrating a lateral-surface
cutting process included in a process of manufacturing a chip
antenna, according to an embodiment.
[0043] FIG. 7A is a plan view illustrating an arrangement of chip
antennas, according to an embodiment.
[0044] FIG. 7B is a lateral view illustrating the arrangement of a
chip antennas of FIG. 7B, according to an embodiment.
[0045] FIG. 8A is a graph illustrating changes in an S-parameter
according to whether a chip antenna includes a cavity, according to
an embodiment.
[0046] FIG. 8B is a graph illustrating changes in gain according to
whether a chip antenna includes a cavity, according to an
embodiment.
[0047] FIGS. 9A and 9B are lateral views illustrating substrates
providing a mounting space for a chip antenna, according to
embodiments.
[0048] FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating an electronic device in
which chip antenna assemblies are arranged on a base substrate,
according to an embodiment.
[0049] Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, the
same reference numerals refer to the same elements. The drawings
may not be to scale, and the relative size, proportions, and
depiction of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for
clarity, illustration, and convenience.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] The following detailed description is provided to assist the
reader in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods,
apparatuses, and/or systems described herein. However, various
changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods,
apparatuses, and/or systems described herein will be apparent after
an understanding of the disclosure of this application. For
example, the sequences of operations described herein are merely
examples, and are not limited to those set forth herein, but may be
changed as will be apparent after an understanding of the
disclosure of this application, with the exception of operations
necessarily occurring in a certain order. Also, descriptions of
features that are known in the art may be omitted for increased
clarity and conciseness.
[0051] The features described herein may be embodied in different
forms, and are not to be construed as being limited to the examples
described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been
provided merely to illustrate some of the many possible ways of
implementing the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described
herein that will be apparent after an understanding of the
disclosure of this application.
[0052] Herein, it is noted that use of the term "may" with respect
to an example or embodiment, e.g., as to what an example or
embodiment may include or implement, means that at least one
example or embodiment exists in which such a feature is included or
implemented while all examples and embodiments are not limited
thereto.
[0053] Throughout the specification, when an element, such as a
layer, region, or substrate, is described as being "on," "connected
to," or "coupled to" another element, it may be directly "on,"
"connected to," or "coupled to" the other element, or there may be
one or more other elements intervening therebetween. In contrast,
when an element is described as being "directly on," "directly
connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element, there can
be no other elements intervening therebetween.
[0054] As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any one and any
combination of any two or more of the associated listed items.
[0055] Although terms such as "first," "second," and "third" may be
used herein to describe various members, components, regions,
layers, or sections, these members, components, regions, layers, or
sections are not to be limited by these terms. Rather, these terms
are only used to distinguish one member, component, region, layer,
or section from another member, component, region, layer, or
section. Thus, a first member, component, region, layer, or section
referred to in examples described herein may also be referred to as
a second member, component, region, layer, or section without
departing from the teachings of the examples.
[0056] Spatially relative terms such as "above," "upper," "below,"
and "lower" may be used herein for ease of description to describe
one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the
figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass
different orientations of the device in use or operation in
addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example,
if the device in the figures is turned over, an element described
as being "above" or "upper" relative to another element will then
be "below" or "lower" relative to the other element. Thus, the term
"above" encompasses both the above and below orientations depending
on the spatial orientation of the device. The device may also be
oriented in other ways (for example, rotated 90 degrees or at other
orientations), and the spatially relative terms used herein are to
be interpreted accordingly.
[0057] The terminology used herein is for describing various
examples only, and is not to be used to limit the disclosure. The
articles "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural
forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The
terms "comprises," "includes," and "has" specify the presence of
stated features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and/or
combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition
of one or more other features, numbers, operations, members,
elements, and/or combinations thereof.
[0058] Due to manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances,
variations of the shapes illustrated in the drawings may occur.
Thus, the examples described herein are not limited to the specific
shapes illustrated in the drawings, but include changes in shape
that occur during manufacturing.
[0059] The features of the examples described herein may be
combined in various ways as will be apparent after an understanding
of the disclosure of this application. Further, although the
examples described herein have a variety of configurations, other
configurations are possible as will be apparent after an
understanding of the disclosure of this application.
[0060] FIG. 1A is a lateral view illustrating a dispositional level
of each element in a chip antenna 100a, according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2A is a perspective view illustrating an adhesive layer and a
vent of the chip antenna 100a, according to an embodiment. FIG. 2B
is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of the chip
antenna 100a, according to an embodiment. FIG. 2C is a perspective
view illustrating a feed pattern and a feed via of the chip antenna
100a, according to an embodiment. FIGS. 5A and 5B are
cross-sectional views illustrating the chip antenna 100a, according
to an embodiment.
[0061] Referring to FIGS. 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 5A, and 5B, the chip
antenna 100a may include, for example, a first dielectric layer
131, a second dielectric layer 132, a patch antenna pattern 110a, a
feed via 120, a feed pattern 135, and an adhesive layer 140a.
[0062] Each of the first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132
may include a dielectric medium having a dielectric constant higher
than that of air. For example, the first and second dielectric
layers 131 and 132 may be formed of a ceramic, such that the first
and second dielectric layers 131 and 132 may have a dielectric
constant higher than that of an insulating layer (e.g., prepreg) of
a substrate 200 on which the chip antenna 100a is disposed.
[0063] The chip antenna 100a may be separately manufactured with
respect to the substrate 200, which provides a dispositional space
for the chip antenna 100a, and may be disposed on a structure of
the substrate 200. Accordingly, the first and second dielectric
layers 131 and 132 may be formed of a material different from a
material of an insulating layer of the substrate 200, and may be
implemented by a greater variety of methods than the methods for
forming the insulating layer.
[0064] For example, the first and second dielectric layers 131 and
132 may be formed of a material having a relatively high dielectric
constant such as a ceramic material such as low temperature
co-fired ceramic (LTCC) or a glass material, or a material such as
Teflon, and may further include any one or any combination of any
two or more of magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), calcium
(Ca), and titanium (Ti), thereby having a higher dielectric
constant and improved durability. For example, the first and second
dielectric layers 131 and 132 may include Mg.sub.2SiO.sub.4,
MgAlO.sub.4, and CaTiO.sub.3.
[0065] The higher the dielectric constant of the first and second
dielectric layers 131 and 132, the shorter the wavelength of a
radio frequency (RF) signal transmitted or propagated around the
first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132 may be. The shorter
the wavelength of an RF signal, the more the sizes of the first and
second dielectric layers 131 and 132 may be reduced, and a size of
the chip antenna 100a may be reduced.
[0066] The smaller the size of the chip antenna 100a, the higher
the number of the chip antennas 100a disposed in a unit volume may
be. The higher the number of the chip antennas 100a disposed in a
unit volume, the greater the overall gain and/or maximum output of
the plurality of chip antennas 100a for a unit volume may
increase.
[0067] Thus, the higher the dielectric constant of the first and
second dielectric layers 131 and 132, the more the performance of
the chip antenna 100a for a particular size of the chip antenna
100a may effectively improve.
[0068] The first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132 may be
spaced apart from each other. Accordingly, a space between the
first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132 may be formed of a
medium having a dielectric constant lower than that of air or the
first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132.
[0069] Accordingly, a space between the first and second dielectric
layers 131 and 132 and a boundary surface with the first dielectric
layer 131 may form a first dielectric boundary condition, and a
space between the first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132
and a boundary surface with the second dielectric layer 132 may
form a second dielectric boundary condition.
[0070] The first and second dielectric boundary conditions may
refract an RF signal such that a radiation pattern of the patch
antenna pattern 110a may be more concentrated in upward and
downward directions (e.g., a Z direction), and gain of the chip
antenna 100a may be improved.
[0071] The patch antenna pattern 110a may be disposed on the second
dielectric layer 132. A relatively wide upper surface of the patch
antenna pattern 110a may allow a radiation pattern to be
concentrated in upward and downward directions (e.g., a Z
direction) such that an RF signal may be remotely transmitted
and/or received in upward and downward directions, and an RF signal
having a frequency within a bandwidth based on a resonant frequency
of the patch antenna pattern 110a may be remotely transmitted
and/or received.
[0072] For example, the patch antenna pattern 110a may be formed by
drying a conductive paste while the second dielectric layer 132 is
coated and/or filled with the conductive paste.
[0073] The feed via 120 may penetrate through the first dielectric
layer 131, and may function as a feeding path of the patch antenna
pattern 110a. In other words, the feed via 120 may provide a path
in which a surface current flowing in the patch antenna pattern
110a flows when the patch antenna pattern 110a remotely transmits
and/or receives an RF signal.
[0074] For example, the feed via 120 may have a structure extending
in upward and downward directions in the first dielectric layer
131, and may be formed by a process of filling a through-hole,
which is formed in the first dielectric layer 131 by a laser, with
a conductive material (e.g., copper, nickel, tin, silver, gold,
palladium, or the like).
[0075] The feed pattern 135 may be disposed between the first and
second dielectric layers 131 and 132, may be electrically connected
to the feed via 120, and may be spaced apart from the patch antenna
pattern 110a. The feed pattern 135 may also function as a feeding
path of the patch antenna pattern 110a.
[0076] Since the feed pattern 135 and the patch antenna pattern
110a are spaced apart from each other, the patch antenna pattern
110a may be fed in a non-contact manner.
[0077] By being fed in a non-contact feeding manner, inductance
based on the feed pattern 135 and capacitance formed by the feed
pattern 135 and the patch antenna pattern 110a may work as an
additional resonant frequency of the patch antenna pattern 110a
such that a bandwidth of the patch antenna pattern 110a may
widened.
[0078] A non-contact feeding space of a general non-contact feeding
configuration may cause leakage of energy of radio waves. However,
the first and second dielectric boundary conditions formed by the
first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132 of the patch antenna
pattern 110a may increase electromagnetic coupling concentration
between the patch antenna pattern 110a and the feed pattern 135
such that energy loss due to the patch antenna pattern 110a being
fed in a non-contact feeding manner may be reduced, and degradation
of gain may be reduced.
[0079] Accordingly, the chip antenna 100a may have a wide bandwidth
and high gain for a size.
[0080] The adhesive layer 140a may be disposed between the first
and second dielectric layers 131 and 132, and may be adhered to the
first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132. Accordingly, a
phenomenon in which one of the first and second dielectric layers
131 and 132 is detached may be prevented, and a gap between the
first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132 may be stably
maintained.
[0081] The adhesive layer 140a may have a dielectric constant
higher than a dielectric constant of air and lower than the
dielectric constant of the first and second dielectric layers 131
and 132. The lower the dielectric constant of the space between the
first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132, the more the first
and second dielectric boundary conditions of the first and second
dielectric layers 131 and 132 may greatly affect an RF signal, the
more electromagnetic coupling concentration between the patch
antenna pattern 110a and the feed pattern 135 may further increase,
and the more concentrated a radiation pattern of the patch antenna
pattern 110a may be in upward and downward directions.
[0082] When a dielectric constant of at least a portion of a space
between the first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132 is lower
than that of the adhesive layer 140a, a bandwidth and gain for a
particular size of the patch antenna pattern 110a may be
improved.
[0083] Accordingly, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2C, the adhesive layer
140a may have a cavity 141 surrounding the feed pattern 135, and
the cavity 141 may include a dielectric medium (e.g., air) having a
dielectric constant lower than a dielectric constant of the
adhesive layer 140a such that a bandwidth and gain of the patch
antenna pattern 110a for a particular size may be improved.
[0084] Since a size and a shape of the cavity 141 may affect a
resonant frequency or performance of the chip antenna 100a, the
chip antenna 100a may have a structure which may reduce a
phenomenon in which a size or a shape of the cavity 141 is beyond a
designed size and shape in a manufacturing process, thereby
obtaining stable performance.
[0085] Also, as the adhesive layer 140a forms the cavity 141, the
adhesive layer 140a may have a reduced width W1 in comparison to a
configuration in which a cavity is not formed by an adhesive layer.
Accordingly, the adhesive layer 140a may have structural stability
relatively that is lower than that of an example in which the
cavity 141 is not provided. Thus, the chip antenna 100a may have a
structure that may reduce factors that may physically affect the
adhesive layer 140a in a manufacturing process, thereby stably
obtaining performance.
[0086] Accordingly, the adhesive layer 140a may have a vent 142a
disposed between the cavity 141 and an external side surface of the
adhesive layer 140a.
[0087] For example, when the first and second dielectric layers 131
and 132 are adhered to the adhesive layer 140a in a process of
manufacturing the chip antenna 100a, the chip antenna 100a may be
subjected to stress causing changes in a volume of the cavity 141,
and the stress may distort a size or a shape of the cavity 141 or
may cause cracks in the first and second dielectric layers 131 and
132.
[0088] The vent 142a may provide an air path through which air of
the cavity 141 may flow when the chip antenna 100a is subjected to
stress causing changes in volume of the cavity 141 such that the
stress affecting the chip antenna 100a may be reduced.
[0089] Accordingly, the chip antenna 100a may reduce a phenomenon
in which a size or a shape of the cavity 141 is beyond a designed
size and shape in a manufacturing process, or a factor physically
affecting the adhesive layer 140a may be reduced, thereby stably
obtaining improved performance (a bandwidth and gain for a size)
based on the cavity 141.
[0090] For example, the adhesive layer 140a may include a polymer
having an adhesiveness greater than that of a dielectric material
of the first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132. As adhesive
polymer may have fluid properties as compared to a ceramic
structure, factors causing instability in a size and a shape of the
cavity 141 may occur. However, because the chip antenna 100a
includes the vent 142a, the cavity 141 of the adhesive layer 140a
may be stably included, even though the adhesive layer 140a
includes an adhesive polymer having fluid properties.
[0091] For example, one external side surface of the adhesive layer
140a, one side surface of the first dielectric layer 131, and one
side surface of the second dielectric layer 132 may be configured
to form one plane. In other words, the chip antenna 100a may have a
shape in which a side surface of the structure of the chip antenna
100a is cut out from a structure in which the adhesive layer 140a
is adhered to the first and second dielectric layers 131 and
132.
[0092] Accordingly, the vent 142a may be more stably formed, and an
air moving path of the cavity 141 may be more stably provided.
Also, when a plurality of chip antennas 100a are manufactured
together, the vent 142a may also function as an air flow path
between the cavities 141 of the plurality of chip antennas
100a.
[0093] For example, a width W2 (e.g., a length in a Y direction) of
the vent 142a may be shorter than a length L1 (e.g., in the Y
direction) of a structure surrounding the cavity 141 and shorter
than the width W1 (e.g., in an X direction) of the adhesive layer
140a. Accordingly, a phenomenon in which an RF signal leaks in a
horizontal direction may be prevented such that gain of the chip
antenna 100a may improve in the example embodiment.
[0094] For example, the vent 142a may include a plurality of vents
142a, and at least two vents 142a among the plurality of vents 142a
may be disposed to overlap each other in a venting direction (e.g.,
the X direction and/or a the Y direction) of the at least two vents
142a.
[0095] Accordingly, air flowing efficiency of the plurality of
vents 142a for particular widths W2 of the plurality of vents 142a
may improve, and the chip antenna 100a may stably obtain high gain.
Also, an overlapping structure of the pairs of vents 142a may be
more efficiently implemented when the plurality of chip antennas
100a are manufactured together.
[0096] For example, the patch antenna pattern 110a may have a shape
of a quadrangle with chamfered corners, and a side of the
quadrangle may be disposed to be diagonal to a side of the cavity
141. Additionally, chamfered corners among the chamfered corners,
may be disposed to respectively overlap corresponding vents 142a in
a venting direction of the corresponding vents 142a.
[0097] A surface current flowing in the patch antenna pattern 110a
may flow from one side of the quadrangle towards the an opposing
side of the quadrangle, and electromagnetic interference between
the plurality of chip antennas 100a may further increase when
directions of surface currents of the plurality of chip antennas
100a overlap each other. When a side of the quadrangle of the patch
antenna pattern 110a is diagonal to a side of the cavity 141,
electromagnetic interference applied by a surface current of the
patch antenna pattern 110a to an adjacent chip antenna may be
prevented.
[0098] The chamfered shape of the quadrangle of the patch antenna
pattern 110a may allow a corner of the patch antenna pattern 110a
to be disposed closer to a central portion of the chip antenna
100a, such that the corner does not extend beyond the cavity 141.
Accordingly, electromagnetic coupling concentration between the
patch antenna pattern 110a and the feed pattern 135 may
improve.
[0099] For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the chip antenna 100a may
further include a plurality of coupling patterns 115 disposed on
the second dielectric layer 132 and arranged to surround sides of
the quadrangle of the patch antenna pattern 110a along the
sides.
[0100] Since the plurality of coupling patterns 115 may be
electromagnetically coupled to the patch antenna pattern 110a, the
plurality of coupling patterns 115 may contribute to addition of a
resonant frequency and expansion of a bandwidth of the patch
antenna pattern 110a, and may form capacitance with the feed
pattern 135. Accordingly, a bandwidth of the patch antenna pattern
110a may be effectively expanded.
[0101] Capacitance formed by the plurality of coupling patterns 115
and the patch antenna pattern 110a with the feed pattern 135 may be
accurately adjusted according to adjustment of a length of the feed
pattern 135.
[0102] The patch antenna pattern 110a and the plurality of coupling
patterns 115 may be disposed on the same level (e.g., at a same
height in the Z direction) on an upper surface of the second
dielectric layer 132. A relatively high dielectric constant of the
second dielectric layer 132 may widen a range of adjustment of
capacitance formed by the plurality of coupling patterns 115 and
the patch antenna pattern 110a with the feed pattern 135.
Accordingly, the chip antenna 100a may effectively widen a
bandwidth, and may have a widened bandwidth for a particular
size.
[0103] As shown in FIG. 2C, the feed pattern 135 may extend in a
diagonal direction with respect to a side of the cavity 141.
Accordingly, a range of adjustment of a length of the feed pattern
135 may be widened, and the chip antenna 100a may effectively widen
a bandwidth, and may have a widened bandwidth for a particular size
of the chip antenna 100a.
[0104] At least one portion of the feed pattern 135 may be plated
to prevent oxidation caused by being in contact with air for an
extended period of time, but the disclosure is not limited to the
feed pattern 135 being plated.
[0105] The chip antenna 100a in the example embodiment may further
include a soldering pattern 160 (see FIGS. 1A, 2B, 5A, and 5B)
disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric layer 131 and
configured to surround the feed via 120. Accordingly, the chip
antenna 100a may be stably mounted on the substrate 200 providing a
dispositional space of the chip antenna 100a. The soldering pattern
160 may be electrically connected to a ground plane 201 of the
substrate 200.
[0106] For example, the soldering pattern 160 may be configured to
be advantageous to coupling with solder based on tin (Sn) having a
relatively low melting point, and may include a tin plated layer
and/or a nickel plated layer such that the coupling with the solder
may be easily performed. Also, the soldering pattern 160 may have a
structure in which a plurality of cylinders are arranged, but the
soldering pattern 160 is not limited to this example.
[0107] As shown in FIG. 1A, a first height H1 (e.g., in the Z
direction) of the first dielectric layer 131 may be greater than a
second height H2 (e.g., in the Z direction) of the second
dielectric layer 132, and may be greater than a third height H3
(e.g., in the Z direction) of the adhesive layer 140a, but the
disclosure is not limited to this example.
[0108] FIG. 1B is a lateral view illustrating downward disposition
of the patch antenna pattern 110a of a chip antenna 100b, according
to an embodiment. FIG. 2D is a perspective view illustrating
downward disposition of the patch antenna pattern 110a of the chip
antenna 100b, according to an example embodiment.
[0109] Referring to FIGS. 1B and 2D, the chip antenna 100b may
have, for example, a structure in which the patch antenna pattern
110a and/or the plurality of coupling patterns 115 are disposed
between the first and second dielectric layers 131 and 132.
[0110] The patch antenna pattern 110a may be electrically connected
to the feed via 120. Accordingly, the chip antenna 100b may be fed
in a contact manner.
[0111] A dielectric boundary condition between the cavity 141 and
the second dielectric layer 132 may refract an RF signal such that
a radiation pattern of the patch antenna pattern 110a may be
concentrated in upward and downward directions (e.g., the Z
direction).
[0112] A boundary surface between the adhesive layer 140a and the
cavity 141 may surround the patch antenna pattern 110a, and may
refract an RF signal. Accordingly, a radiation pattern of the patch
antenna pattern 110a may be concentrated in upward and downward
directions (e.g., the Z direction), and gain of the chip antenna
100b may be improved.
[0113] The chip antenna 100b may include the vent 142a such that
the cavity 141 may be stably provided, and a dielectric boundary
condition between the cavity 141 and the second dielectric layer
132 may be stably maintained. Accordingly, improved performance
based on the cavity 141 may be stably obtained.
[0114] At least a portion of each of the patch antenna pattern 110a
and the plurality of coupling patterns 115 may be plated to prevent
oxidation caused by being in contact with air for a long period of
time, but the patch antenna pattern 110a and he coupling patterns
115 are not limited to being plated.
[0115] FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views illustrating adhesive
layers 140a' and 140a'' of chip antennas 100c and 100d,
respectively, according to embodiments.
[0116] Referring to FIG. 3A, the chip antenna 100c may include, for
example, the adhesive layer 140a', which includes a single vent
142a.
[0117] Referring to FIG. 3B, the chip antenna 100d may have the
adhesive layer 140a'' including two vents 142a.
[0118] FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views illustrating patch
antenna patterns 110a and 110b of a chip antennas 100e and 100f,
respectively, according to embodiments.
[0119] Referring to FIG. 4A, the chip antenna 100e may have, for
example, a structure in which the plurality of coupling patterns
155 illustrated in FIG. 2B are not included.
[0120] Referring to FIG. 4B, in the chip antenna 100f, the
quadrangle of the patch antenna pattern 110b does not include the
chamfered corners included in the patch antenna pattern 110a
illustrated in FIG. 2B, and the chip antenna 100f may be rotated in
a horizontal direction (e.g., about the Z axis) by 45 degrees.
[0121] FIG. 6A is a perspective view illustrating arrangement of a
plurality of chip antennas 100a, according to an embodiment.
[0122] Referring to FIG. 6A, the plurality of chip antennas 100a
may be arranged in a single column on the substrate 200 and may be
spaced apart from each other.
[0123] FIG. 6B is a perspective view illustrating a lateral-surface
cutting process of a process of manufacturing a chip antenna,
according to an embodiment.
[0124] Referring to FIG. 6B, the chip antenna may be manufactured
by cutting a structure 10, in which a first dielectric layer, an
adhesive layer, and a second dielectric layer are stacked, by a
cut-out means. Accordingly, in the chip antenna, one external side
surface of the adhesive layer, one side surface of the first
dielectric layer, and one side surface of the second dielectric
layer may be configured to form one plane.
[0125] However, in another example, chip antennas may be separately
manufactured one-by-one.
[0126] FIG. 7A is a plan view illustrating an arrangement of chip
antennas 100a and 100g, according to an embodiment. FIG. 7B is a
lateral view illustrating the arrangement of a chip antennas of
FIG. 7A.
[0127] Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, the chip antennas 100a may,
for example, be arranged in alternating order with the second chip
antennas 100g.
[0128] The second chip antennas 100g may have a size smaller than a
size of the chip antennas 100a, and may be configured to have a
second bandwidth of a minimum frequency higher than a maximum
frequency of a first bandwidth of the chip antennas 100a.
[0129] The second chip antenna 100g may include a first dielectric
layer, a second dielectric layer, a patch antenna pattern, a feed
via, an adhesive layer, a cavity, and a vent, as described herein
with reference to FIGS. 1A to 6B.
[0130] FIG. 8A is a graph illustrating changes in an S-parameter
according to whether a chip antenna includes a cavity (e.g., the
cavity formed by an adhesive layer 140a, 140a', or 140a''),
according to an embodiment.
[0131] Referring to FIG. 8A, a first curve S1 indicates an
S-parameter (reflective energy) between first ports of a chip
antenna of according to an embodiment including the cavity, and a
second curve S2 indicates an S-parameter (reflective energy)
between first ports of a chip antenna that does not include the
cavity.
[0132] When a frequency range in which an S-parameter is 10 dB or
lower is defined as a bandwidth, a bandwidth (7.4 GHz) of the first
curve S1 may be widened further than a bandwidth (7.0 GHz) of the
second curve (S2) by about 5%. Accordingly, the chip antenna of the
embodiment including the cavity may have a widened bandwidth by
including the cavity.
[0133] FIG. 8B is a graph illustrating changes in gain according to
whether a chip antenna includes a cavity (e.g., the cavity formed
by an adhesive layer 140a, 140a', or 140a''), according to an
embodiment.
[0134] Referring to FIG. 8B, a third curve G1 indicates gain of a
chip antenna according to an embodiment including the cavity, and a
fourth curve G2 indicates gain of a chip antenna that does not
include the cavity. A gain obtained at each main frequency is
indicated below in Table
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Frequency (GHz) 24.25 25 26 27 28 29 29.5
Average G1(dBi) 4.76 5.2 5.49 5.65 5.71 5.58 5.42 5.40 G2(dBi) 4.6
5.0 5.35 5.54 5.58 5.36 5.16 5.22
[0135] Referring to Table 1, an average gain (5.40 dBi) of the
third curve G1 greater than an average gain (5.22 dBi) of the
fourth curve G2 by about 4%. In other words, the chip antenna
according to embodiment including the cavity may have a higher gain
by including the cavity.
[0136] FIGS. 9A and 9B are lateral views illustrating substrates
providing a mounting space for a chip antenna, according to
embodiments.
[0137] Referring to FIG. 9A, the substrate 200, on which a chip
antenna is mounted, may provide a dispositional space for any one
or any combination of any two or more of an IC 310, an adhesive
member 320, an electrical connection structure 330, an encapsulant
340, a passive component 350, and a core member 410.
[0138] The IC 310 may be disposed on a lower side of the substrate
200, and may perform any one or any combination of ay two or more
of conversion of a frequency with respect to an RF signal remotely
transmitted from the chip antenna and/or remotely received in the
chip antenna, amplification filtering, phase control, and power
generation. The IC 310 may be electrically connected to a wiring of
the substrate 200 and may transmit an RF signal or may receive an
RF signal, and may be electrically connected to a ground plane of
the substrate 200 and may be provided with ground.
[0139] The adhesive member 320 may adhere the IC 310 to the
substrate 200.
[0140] The electrical connection structure 330 may electrically
connect the IC 310 to the substrate 200. For example, the
electrical connection structure 330 may have a structure such as a
solder ball, a pin, a land, or a pad. The electrical connection
structure 330 may have a melting point lower than a melting point
of a wiring and a ground plane of the substrate 200, and may be
formed to electrically connect the IC 310 to the substrate 200
through a process using the low melting point.
[0141] The encapsulant 340 may encapsulate at least a portion of
the IC 310, and may improve heat dissipation performance and
protective performance against impact of the IC 310. For example,
the encapsulant 340 may be implemented by a photoimageable
encapsulant (PIE), an Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF), an epoxy
molding compound (EMC), or the like.
[0142] The passive component 350 may be disposed on a lower surface
of the substrate 200, and may be electrically connected to a wiring
and/or a ground plane of the substrate 200. For example, the
passive component 350 may include at least a portion of a capacitor
(e.g., a multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) or an inductor, and a
chip resistor.
[0143] The core member 410 may be disposed on a lower side of the
substrate 200. The core member 410 may be electrically connected to
the substrate 200 and configured to receive an intermediate
frequency (IF) signal or a base band signal from an external entity
and transfer the signal to the IC 310, or receive an IF signal or a
baseband signal from the IC 310 and to transfer the signal to an
external entity. A frequency (e.g., 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 36 GHz, 39 GHz,
and 60 GHz) of an RF signal may be higher than a frequency (2 GHz,
5 GHz, 10 GHz, or the like) of an IF signal.
[0144] For example, the core member 410 may transfer an RF signal
or a baseband signal to the IC 310 or may receive the signal from
the IC 310 through a wiring included in an IC ground plane of the
substrate 200.
[0145] Referring to FIG. 9B, a substrate 200', on which a chip
antenna is mounted, may include at least a portion of a shielding
member 360, a connector 420, and an end-fire chip antenna 430.
[0146] The shielding member 360 may be disposed on a lower side of
the substrate 200' and may be disposed to enclose the substrate
200' along with the IC 310. For example, the shielding member 360
may be disposed to cover (e.g., conformally shield) the IC 310 and
the passive component 350 together or may separately cover (e.g.,
compartmentally shield) the IC 310 and the passive component 350.
For example, the shielding member 360 may have a hexahedral shape
of which one surface is open, and may have an accommodation space,
in which the IC 310 and/or the passive component 350 are disposed,
having a hexahedral shape by being coupled to the substrate 200'.
The shielding member 360 may be formed of a material having high
conductivity, such as copper, such that the shielding member 360
may have a skin depth, and may be electrically connected to a
ground plane of the substrate 200'. Accordingly, the shielding
member 360 may reduce electromagnetic noise which the IC 310 and
the passive component 350 may receive.
[0147] The connector 420 may have a connection structure of a cable
(e.g., a coaxial cable, a flexible PCB), may be electrically
connected to an IC ground plane, and may perform functions similar
to those of the core member 410. In other words, the connector 420
may be provided with an IF signal, a baseband signal, and/or power
from a cable, or may provide an IF signal and/or a baseband signal
to a cable.
[0148] The end-fire chip antenna 430 may transmit or receive an RF
signal in addition to a chip antenna module in the example
embodiment. For example, the end-fire chip antenna 430 may include
a dielectric block having a dielectric constant higher than that of
an insulating layer, and a plurality of electrodes disposed on both
surfaces of the dielectric block. One of the plurality of
electrodes may be electrically connected to a wiring of the
substrate 200', and another one the plurality of electrodes may be
electrically connected to a ground plane of the substrate 200'.
[0149] FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating an electronic device 700
in which chip antenna assemblies 100a-1 and 100a-2 are arranged on
a base substrate 600, according to an embodiment.
[0150] Referring to FIG. 10, the chip antenna assemblies 100a-1 and
100a-2 may be respectively disposed adjacent to different edges of
the electronic device 700. The chip antenna assembly 100a-1 may be
disposed on the base substrate 600. The chip antenna assembly
100a-2 may be disposed on a connector or a secondary substrate 630
that is mounted on the base substrate 600.
[0151] The electronic device 700 may be, for example, a smartphone,
a personal digital assistant, a digital video camera, a digital
still camera, a network system, a computer, a monitor, a tablet PC,
a laptop PC, a netbook PC, a television, a video game, a smart
watch, an automotive component, or the like. However, the
electronic device 700g is not limited to the foregoing
examples.
[0152] The electronic device 700 may include a base substrate 600,
and the base substrate 600 may further include a communications
modem 610 and a baseband IC 620 connected to the communications
modem 610.
[0153] The communications modem 610 may include any one or any
combination of any two or more of: a memory chip such as a volatile
memory (e.g., a DRAM), a non-volatile memory (e.g., a ROM), a flash
memory, or the like; an application processor chip such as a
central processor (e.g., a CPU), a graphics processor (e.g., a
GPU), a digital signal processor, a cryptographic processor, a
microprocessor, a microcontroller, or the like; and a logic chip
such as an analog-to-digital converter, an application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC), or the like.
[0154] The baseband IC 620 may generate a base signal by performing
analog-to-digital conversion, and amplification, filtering, and
frequency conversion on an analog signal. A base signal input to
and output from the baseband IC 620 may be transferred to the chip
antenna assemblies 100a-1 and 100a-2 through a coaxial cable, and
the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to an electrical
connection structure of the chip antenna assemblies 100a-1 and
100a-2.
[0155] For example, a frequency of the base signal may be a
baseband, and may be a frequency (e.g., several GHzs) corresponding
to an intermediate frequency (IF). A frequency (e.g., 28 GHz or 39
GHz) of an RF signal may be higher than an IF, and may correspond
to a millimeter wave (mmWave).
[0156] The patterns and the vias described in the aforementioned
embodiments may include a metal material (e.g., a conductive
material such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), tin (Sn),
gold (Au), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), titanium (Ti), or alloys
thereof), and may be formed by a plating method such as a chemical
vapor deposition (CVD) method, a physical vapor deposition (PVD)
method, a sputtering method, a subtractive method, an additive
method, a semi-additive process (SAP), a modified semi-additive
process (MSAP), or the like. However, the disclosure herein is not
limited to the foregoing example materials and the methods.
[0157] The RF signals described in the example embodiments may
include protocols such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) (Institute of
Electrical And Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family, or the
like), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)
(IEEE 802.16 family, or the like), IEEE 802.20, long term evolution
(LTE), evolution data only (Ev-DO), high speed packet
access+(HSPA+), high speed downlink packet access+(HSDPA+), high
speed uplink packet access+(HSUPA+), enhanced data GSM environment
(EDGE), global system for mobile communications (GSM), global
positioning system (GPS), general packet radio service (GPRS), code
division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access
(TDMA), digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT),
Bluetooth, 3G, 4G, and 5G protocols, and any other wireless and
wired protocols designated after the above-mentioned protocols, but
the disclosure herein is not limited to the foregoing examples.
Also, a frequency (e.g., 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 36 GHz, 39 GHz, or 60 GHz)
of the RF signal may be higher than a frequency of an IF signal
(e.g., 2 GHz, 5 GHz, 10 GHz, or the like).
[0158] According to the embodiments described herein, the chip
antenna may have improved antenna performance (e.g., gain,
bandwidth, directivity, transmission and reception rates, and the
like), may provide stable antenna performance, and may be
manufactured with high reliability.
[0159] While this disclosure includes specific examples, it will be
apparent after an understanding of the disclosure of this
application that various changes in form and details may be made in
these examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the
claims and their equivalents. The examples described herein are to
be considered in a descriptive sense only, and not for purposes of
limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects in each example are
to be considered as being applicable to similar features or aspects
in other examples. Suitable results may be achieved if the
described techniques are performed in a different order, and/or if
components in a described system, architecture, device, or circuit
are combined in a different manner, and/or replaced or supplemented
by other components or their equivalents. In addition, respective
embodiments may be combined with each other. For example, the
pressing members disclosed in the above-described embodiments may
be used in combination with each other in one force sensing device.
Therefore, the scope of the disclosure is defined not by the
detailed description, but by the claims and their equivalents, and
all variations within the scope of the claims and their equivalents
are to be construed as being included in the disclosure.
* * * * *