U.S. patent application number 17/323050 was filed with the patent office on 2021-09-02 for unit-dose oral care compositions.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Arif Ali Baig, Brian Patrick Croll, Gregory Charles Gordon, Kuo Han, Min Mao, Dinah Achola Nyangiro, Melissa Cherie Payne, Holly Balasubramanian Rauckhorst, Paul Albert Sagel, Jeanette Marie Swartz, Paul Dennis Trokhan.
Application Number | 20210267851 17/323050 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005594869 |
Filed Date | 2021-09-02 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210267851 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Mao; Min ; et al. |
September 2, 2021 |
Unit-Dose Oral Care Compositions
Abstract
Unit-dose oral care composition comprising a fibrous composition
and/or an open cell foam with a low level of inorganic salts. Oral
care compositions that dissolve quickly upon initial contact with
water. Oral care compositions which leave a low amount of residue
on surfaces upon use. Methods of use of unit-dose oral care
compositions.
Inventors: |
Mao; Min; (Deerfield
Township, OH) ; Baig; Arif Ali; (Mason, OH) ;
Gordon; Gregory Charles; (Loveland, OH) ; Payne;
Melissa Cherie; (West Chester, OH) ; Rauckhorst;
Holly Balasubramanian; (Ft. Thomas, KY) ; Sagel; Paul
Albert; (Maineville, OH) ; Swartz; Jeanette
Marie; (Loveland, OH) ; Trokhan; Paul Dennis;
(Hamilton, OH) ; Croll; Brian Patrick; (Hamilton,
OH) ; Nyangiro; Dinah Achola; (Mason, OH) ;
Han; Kuo; (Mason, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Procter & Gamble Company |
Cincinnati |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005594869 |
Appl. No.: |
17/323050 |
Filed: |
May 18, 2021 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16411178 |
May 14, 2019 |
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17323050 |
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62671072 |
May 14, 2018 |
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62671066 |
May 14, 2018 |
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62671078 |
May 14, 2018 |
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62671083 |
May 14, 2018 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/416 20130101;
A61K 8/20 20130101; A61K 8/345 20130101; A61K 8/60 20130101; A61K
2800/95 20130101; A61K 8/25 20130101; A61K 8/347 20130101; A61K
8/442 20130101; A61K 2800/882 20130101; A61K 8/046 20130101; A61K
8/8129 20130101; A61K 8/24 20130101; A61Q 11/00 20130101; A61K 8/27
20130101; A61K 8/463 20130101; A46B 2200/1066 20130101; A61K
2800/28 20130101; A61K 8/19 20130101; A61K 8/0204 20130101; A61K
8/21 20130101; A61K 2800/92 20130101; A61K 8/36 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/02 20060101
A61K008/02; A61Q 11/00 20060101 A61Q011/00; A61K 8/20 20060101
A61K008/20; A61K 8/21 20060101 A61K008/21; A61K 8/46 20060101
A61K008/46; A61K 8/41 20060101 A61K008/41; A61K 8/25 20060101
A61K008/25; A61K 8/81 20060101 A61K008/81; A61K 8/27 20060101
A61K008/27; A61K 8/04 20060101 A61K008/04; A61K 8/19 20060101
A61K008/19; A61K 8/34 20060101 A61K008/34; A61K 8/44 20060101
A61K008/44; A61K 8/60 20060101 A61K008/60 |
Claims
1. A unit-dose oral care composition comprising a solid soluble
foam composition, the solid soluble foam composition comprising:
(a) surfactant; (b) polymer; (c) fluoride; and (d) plasticizer,
wherein the solid soluble foam composition comprises less than
about 1% of a polyphosphate.
2. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the oral
care composition has a Total Dissolution Time of less than about 50
seconds.
3. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
unit-dose oral care composition has a mean void volume of at least
about 75%.
4. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
unit-dose oral care composition has a surface area of from 50 mm-1
to about 150 mm-1.
5. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
polyphosphate comprises a pyrophosphate.
6. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
fluoride comprises stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium
fluoride, amine fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, zinc
fluoride, or combinations thereof.
7. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol, starch, carbomer, pullulan,
pectin, corn starch, modified corn starch, hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose, or combinations thereof.
8. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
plasticizer comprises polyols, polycarboxylic acids, polyesters,
other suitable plasticizers, or combinations thereof.
9. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 8, wherein the
polyol comprises ethylene glycol, glycerin, erythritol, threitol,
arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol,
fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol,
maltomtriitol, maltotetraitol, polyglycitol, or combinations
thereof.
10. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
unit-dose oral care composition comprises from about 0.01% to about
40%, by weight of the unit-dose oral care composition, of
calcium.
11. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 10, wherein the
calcium comprises calcium abrasive, calcium salt, or combinations
thereof.
12. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the
composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of
the unit-dose oral care composition, of metal.
13. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 12, wherein the
metal comprises stannous ion source, zinc ion source, or
combinations thereof.
14. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 13, wherein
stannous ion source comprises stannous fluoride, stannous chloride,
or combinations thereof.
15. The unit-dose oral care composition of claim 13, wherein zinc
ion source comprises zinc oxide, zinc phosphate, zinc citrate, zinc
lactate, or combinations thereof.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to unit-dose oral care
compositions. The present invention also relates to unit-dose oral
care compositions comprising a fibrous composition. The present
invention also relates to unit-dose oral care compositions
comprising a foam composition with a low level of inorganic salts.
The present invention also relates to oral care compositions that
dissolve quickly upon initial contact with water. The present
invention also relates to oral care compositions which leave a low
amount of residue on surfaces upon use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Oral care compositions, such as dentifrice compositions, are
retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact some
or all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues for purposes of
oral health. Oral care compositions are then expectorated,
typically into a sink. However, many dentifrice compositions leave
residues, such as undissolved dentifrice compositions, in total,
and/or other insoluble oral care composition components, on
surfaces. Thus, sinks routinely accumulate residues, which need to
be periodically removed.
[0003] Additionally, dentifrice compositions are typically
formulated as a paste that can be squeezed out of a tube.
Dentifrice compositions can include a fluoride agent, abrasives,
calcium sources, surfactants, whitening agents, humectants,
thickening agents, and other formulation ingredients. Typically,
dentifrice compositions must be carefully formulated to avoid
reactivity in the tube, but retain reactivity in the oral cavity.
As dentifrice compositions are typically formulated as a paste,
which is easy for a user to apply to the oral cavity with a
toothbrush, many dentifrice compositions include ingredients with
low water solubility and/or have a slow dissolution time, in total,
to accommodate the brushing experience. Thus, dentifrice
compositions can commonly be slowly dissolving pastes that leave
residues on surfaces either due to expectoration or spillage.
[0004] Accordingly, there is a need for oral care compositions,
such as dentifrice compositions, which can be residue-free without
sacrificing the oral health benefits commonly provided by oral care
compositions and/or the user's brushing experience.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Disclosed herein is a unit-dose oral care composition having
a Total Dissolution Time per dose of less than about 1000
seconds.
[0006] Also disclosed herein is a unit-dose oral care composition
comprising a solid soluble foam composition, the solid soluble foam
composition comprising (a) one or more surfactants; (b) a polymer;
(c) a fluoride ion source; and (d) a plasticizer, wherein the solid
soluble foam composition comprises less than about 1% of a
polyphosphate.
[0007] Also disclosed herein is an oral care composition comprising
at least one nonwoven web, the nonwoven web comprising from about
1% to about 80%, by weight of the oral are composition, of one or
more web forming materials, and at least one of (a) an abrasive,
(b) a fluoride ion source, (c) one or more surfactants, and/or (d)
a metal ion source; wherein the oral care composition has a Total
Dissolution Time per dose of less than about 1000 seconds.
[0008] Also disclosed herein is a low-residue oral care composition
comprising (a) one or more surfactants and (b) a plasticizer,
wherein the oral care composition has a mean grayscale value of
less than about 25.
[0009] Also disclosed herein is a method of brushing at least one
tooth using one of the compositions disclosed herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0010] FIG. 1 is a microCT image of Fiber Ex. 3.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a microCT image of Foam Ex. 1.
[0012] FIG. 3 is an image of a residue test for Fiber Ex. 3.
[0013] FIG. 4 is an image of a residue test for Crest.RTM. Cavity
Protection.
[0014] FIG. 5 is an image of a residue test for Crest.RTM. Baking
Soda and Peroxide
[0015] FIG. 6 is an image of a residue test for Colgate.RTM.
Total.RTM..
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The present invention is directed to oral care compositions
that dissolve quickly upon initial contact with water and/or the
oral cavity. The present invention also relates to oral care
compositions which leave a low amount of residue on surfaces upon
use.
[0017] While dentifrice reactivity is typically manipulated through
paste formulation design, the use of fibrous compositions will
allow for dentifrice reactivity to be dramatically lowered by
separating components by placing them in the solid phase, where
reactivity is lower, or physically separating the ingredients by
designing the assembly of the layers of webs. Another strategy to
lower dentifrice reactivity is the use of foam compositions, which
can place dentifrice components in the solid phase. The use of
fibrous compositions comprising one or more nonwoven webs can allow
for a quick dissolution time. Without wishing to be bound by
theory, it is believed that the use of a fibrous compositions will
allow for a quick dissolution time due to the high surface area of
nonwoven webs compared with a nurdle of dentifrice composition.
[0018] The use of a unit-dose oral care composition, such as a
dentifrice composition, can also improve the consumer's user
experience by providing a composition with an exact dosing as
opposed to under- or over-dosing the correct amount of dentifrice
to achieve the desired benefit.
Definitions
[0019] To define more clearly the terms used herein, the following
definitions are provided. Unless otherwise indicated, the following
definitions are applicable to this disclosure. If a term is used in
this disclosure but is not specifically defined herein, the
definition from the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd
Ed (1997), can be applied, as long as that definition does not
conflict with any other disclosure or definition applied herein, or
render indefinite or non-enabled any claim to which that definition
is applied.
[0020] The term "oral care composition" as used herein means a
product that in the ordinary course of usage is retained in the
oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact some or all of the
dental surfaces and/or oral tissues for purposes of oral health. In
one embodiment, the composition is retained in the oral cavity to
deliver an oral care active agent. The oral composition of the
present invention may be in various forms including toothpaste,
dentifrice, tooth gel, tooth powders, tablets, rinse, sub gingival
gel, foam, mousse, chewing gum, lipstick, sponge, floss, prophy
paste, petrolatum gel, denture product, nonwoven web, or foam. In
one embodiment, the oral composition is in the form of a nonwoven
web. In another embodiment, the oral composition is in the form of
a dentifrice. The oral composition may also be incorporated onto
strips or films for direct application or attachment to oral
surfaces or incorporated into floss. The oral care composition may
also be a strip that can be directly applied to a surface of the
oral cavity. The strip can at least partially dissolve upon contact
with moisture or brushing.
[0021] The term "orally acceptable carrier" as used herein means a
suitable vehicle or ingredient, which can be used to form and/or
apply the present compositions to the oral cavity in a safe and
effective manner.
[0022] The term "effective amount" as used herein means an amount
of a compound or composition sufficient to induce a positive
benefit, an oral health benefit, and/or an amount low enough to
avoid serious side effects, i.e., to provide a reasonable benefit
to risk ratio, within the sound judgment of a skilled artisan.
Depending on the type of oral health benefit and the efficacy of
active compound, "effective amount" means at least about 0.0001% of
the material, 0.001% of the material, or 0.01 of the material, by
weight of the composition.
[0023] The term "dentifrice" as used herein means paste, gel,
powder, tablets, or liquid formulations, unless otherwise
specified, that are used to clean, treat, or contact the surfaces
of the oral cavity. Additionally, as disclosed herein, the
dentifrice means a nonwoven web that are used to clean the surfaces
of the oral cavity. The term "teeth" as used herein refers to
natural teeth as well as artificial teeth or dental prosthesis.
[0024] As used herein, the term "filament" means a thin, flexible
threadlike object that can be used to form a nonwoven web of the
present type. The length of a filament can greatly exceed its
diameter, i.e. a length to diameter ratio of at least about 5, 10,
or 25.
[0025] The filaments of the present invention may be spun from
nonwoven web forming materials via suitable spinning operations,
such as meltblowing or spunbonding.
[0026] Filaments are typically considered continuous or
substantially continuous in nature. Filaments are relatively longer
than fibers. Non-limiting examples of filaments can include
meltblown filaments, spunbond filaments, and combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, the filaments are meltblown filaments.
[0027] In one example, the filaments may be in the form of fibers,
such as when the filaments are cut to shorter lengths. Thus, in one
example, the present invention also includes a fiber comprising the
composition of the filament of the present invention.
[0028] As used herein, "nonwoven web forming material" means a
composition that is suitable for making a filament such as by
meltblowing, spunbonding, or fluid film fibrillation. The nonwoven
web forming material comprises one or more nonwoven web forming
materials that exhibit properties that make them suitable for
spinning into a filament.
[0029] As used herein, "length", with respect to a filament, means
the length along the longest axis of the filament from one terminus
to the other terminus. If a filament has a kink, curl or curves in
it, then the length is the length along the entire path of the
filament.
[0030] As used herein, "average diameter", with respect to a
filament, is measured according to the Diameter Test Method
described herein.
[0031] As used herein, the term "disintegratable" and
"disintegration" means that the oral care composition, filament, or
nonwoven is reduced to components, fragments or compositions when
exposed to conditions of intended use.
[0032] As used herein, the term "dissolves" means that the oral
care composition, filament, or nonwoven web is mostly or completely
solubilized. The oral care composition may appear to visibly
dissolve even though some of the components do not completely
dissolve--for example cross linked polyacrylic acid polymers form
clear gels giving the appearance of dissolution while, not wishing
to be bound by theory, the clear gels are simply hydrated. Another
example is an abrasive which does not dissolve at all even though
it may make up the majority of the composition. An oral composition
comprising an abrasive would still be deemed to be "dissolved" if
only the abrasive has not dissolved. Dissolution of the oral care
composition is complete when any remaining particles have a
diameter of 2 mm or less.
[0033] As used herein, the term "applying" includes spraying,
dusting, sprinkling, coating, surface-printing (e.g., in the shape
of a desired adornment, decoration, or pattern), pouring on,
injecting into the interior, dipping, or by any other suitable
means, such as by use of a depositor, sifter, or powder bed.
[0034] As used herein, "conditions of intended use" means the
temperature, physical, chemical, and/or mechanical conditions that
an oral care composition comprising one or more filaments of the
present invention is exposed to when the oral care composition is
used for its designed purpose. The oral care compositions of the
present invention can be administered to a mammal via the oral
cavity, mouth, throat, and combinations thereof. The conditions of
intended use can be the temperature, physical, chemical, and/or
mechanical conditions in the oral cavity, mouth, and/or throat of a
mammal.
[0035] "Triggering condition" as used herein means anything, as an
act or event that serves as a stimulus and initiates or
precipitates a change in the filament, such as a loss or altering
of the filament's physical structure and/or a release an oral care
active including dissolution, hydration, and swelling. Some
triggering conditions include a suitable pH, temperature, shear
rate, or water content.
[0036] "Morphology changes" as used herein with respect to a
filament's morphology changing means that the filament experiences
a change in its physical structure. Non-limiting examples of
morphology changes for a filament of the present invention include
dissolution, melting, swelling, shrinking, breaking into pieces,
lengthening, shortening, peeling, splitting, shredding, imploding,
twisting, and combinations thereof. The filaments of the present
invention may completely or substantially lose their filament
physical structure or they may have their morphology changed or
they may retain or substantially retain their filament physical
structure as they are exposed to conditions of intended use.
[0037] As used herein, a "web" means a sheet of continuous
filaments or fibers of any nature or origin that have been formed
into a web by any means, and bonded together by any means.
[0038] As used herein and as defined by European Disposables and
Nonwovens Association (EDANA), "nonwoven web" means a sheet of
continuous filaments or fibers of any nature or origin that have
been formed into a web by any means, and bonded together by any
means, with the exception of weaving or knitting. Felts obtained by
wet milling are not nonwovens. In one example, a nonwoven web
according to the present invention means an orderly arrangement of
filaments within a structure in order to perform a function. In one
example, a nonwoven web of the present invention is an arrangement
comprising a plurality of two or more and/or three or more
filaments that are inter-entangled or otherwise associated with one
another to form a nonwoven web.
[0039] The term RDA refers to Relative Dentin Abrasion or
Radioactive Dentin Abrasion as defined in FDI-ISO 11609. The term
PCR refers to Pellicle Cleaning Ratio as defined in the original
paper by Stookey et al. 1982 and later used by Schemehorn et al.
2011 to characterize the relative effectiveness of oral care
compositions to remove a laboratory-sourced, human-like, stain from
enamel chips. These experimental techniques will be described in
greater detail later.
[0040] All percentages and ratios used hereinafter are by weight of
total composition, unless otherwise indicated. All percentages,
ratios, and levels of ingredients referred to herein are based on
the actual amount of the ingredient, and do not include solvents,
fillers, or other materials with which the ingredient may be
combined as a commercially available product, unless otherwise
indicated. All measurements referred to herein are made at
25.degree. C. unless otherwise specified.
[0041] The composition, process and methods of the present
invention can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, the
essential elements and limitations of the invention described
herein, as well as any additional or optional ingredients,
components, or limitations described herein or otherwise useful in
oral care compositions intended for use or consumption by mammals
preferably consumption or use by humans.
Unit-Dose Oral Care Composition
[0042] The oral care compositions of the present invention can be
unit-dose oral care compositions. A unit-dose oral care composition
is an amount of the oral care composition to be administered to a
patient or consumer in a single use. The unit-dose oral care
composition can be a unit-dose dentifrice, a unit-dose mouth rinse,
a unit-dose tooth gel, a unit-dose tooth whitening composition, or
any other suitable unit-dose oral care composition capable of being
retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact some
or all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues for purposes of
oral health.
[0043] The amount, in mass and/or volume, of the unit-dose oral
care composition is determined based on the desired type of
unit-dose oral care composition. For example, a unit-dose
dentifrice can be sized to deliver the correct amount of fluoride
in a single use according to local laws and regulations, such as
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monograph, which allows
formulations of 850 to 1150 ppm and/or 1500 ppm of fluoride ions.
Additionally, a unit-dose dentifrice can be sized to deliver the
correct amount or ratio of other ingredients, such as, for example,
antimicrobial agents, abrasives, surfactants, flavors, metal ions,
etc. Similarly, a unit-dose mouth rinse can be sized to deliver the
correct amount of mouth rinse ingredients, such as, for example,
fluoride ions, antimicrobial agents, abrasives, surfactants,
flavors, metal ions, etc.
[0044] The unit-dose oral care composition can be in the form of a
pouch, a droplet, a solid open cell foam, a solid closed cell foam,
a fibrous composition, a paste composition, a gel composition, a
tablet composition, a strip composition, a tape composition, and/or
an assembly of one or more of the forms described in this
paragraph.
[0045] The unit-dose oral care composition can be sized to fit a
manual toothbrush, an electric toothbrush, or any other applicator
designed to help contact the unit-dose oral care composition to the
surfaces of the oral cavity, including, but not limited to
teeth.
[0046] The unit-dose oral care composition of the present invention
can be a substantially flat or flat composition in the form of a
pad, strip, tape, or tablet having a thickness of from about 0.05
millimeter (mm) to about 20 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 10 mm,
from about 0.05 mm to about 5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm,
from about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about
0.25 mm, or from about 0.05 mm to about 0.1 mm, as measured by the
Thickness Method described hereafter. The unit-dose oral care
composition can be formed into a cylindrical shape (e.g. by
rolling) having a length from about 0.5 centimeter (cm) to about 10
cm, from about 1 cm to about 5 cm, or from about 1.5 cm to about 3
cm. The unit-dose oral care composition can be a rectangular prism
including a cube wherein the longest sides of the rectangular prism
has a length from about 5 mm to 20 mm, from about 10 mm to 15 mm,
or from about 5 mm to about 10 mm, as measured by the Thickness
Method described herein. If the dimensions of the dose changes, the
basis weight of the dose can change. The unit-dose oral care
composition can be circular or an oval wherein the diameter of the
circle or the length of the longest portion of the oval is from
about 5 mm to about 5 cm, 5 mm to about 100 mm, 5 mm to about 50
mm, 1 cm to about 5 cm, or 100 mm to about 1 cm.
[0047] The unit-dose oral care composition can be in the form of
one or more flat sheets or pads of an adequate size to be able to
be handled easily by the user. The unit-dose oral care composition
can comprise one unit-dose of one or more oral care actives that
can provide one or more oral care benefits and/or treat one or more
oral care conditions. The unit-dose oral care composition may have
a square, rectangle, oval, circular, disc shape or any other
suitable shape. The unit-dose oral care composition can also be in
the form of a continuous strip including delivery on a tape-like
roll dispenser with individual portions dispensed via perforations
and/or a cutting mechanism.
[0048] A unit-dose oral care composition can allow for the dose to
include incompatible components within the same composition.
Components are considered incompatible with one another, if when
they are in the same solution or as non-solid mixtures, at least
one of the components has a significant reduction in efficacy,
stability, or bioavailability. Incompatible components can be
components that chemically interact with each other to form new
compounds, complexes and/or salts and/or components that will
separate into discrete portions or phases of the composition to
minimize unfavorable interactions.
[0049] Examples of incompatible components can include, but are not
limited to, metal ion sources and silica abrasives, metal ion
sources and polyphosphates, metal ion sources and pyrophosphates,
calcium ion sources and fluoride ion sources, calcium ion sources
and phosphate salts, calcium ion sources and pyrophosphate, oxalate
ions and peroxide compounds, stannous fluoride and peroxide
compounds, cationic antimicrobial agents, such as cetyl pyridinium
chloride, and fluoride ion sources, acids and bases, calcium ion
sources and chelants, such as EDTA, oxidizing agents and reducing
agents, hydrophobic components, such as petrolatum, silicones,
polybutene, and hydrophilic components, such as water and alcohols,
and/or any other incompatible components, as defined above.
[0050] The unit-dose oral care compositions, as described herein,
can be designed to maximize bioavailability, stability, and/or
efficacy of the ingredients by minimizing reactivity between the
ingredients. Minimizing reactivity between the ingredients can be
accomplished by physically separating the ingredients into discrete
portions of the composition or by placing one or more ingredients
in the solid phase where reactivity is lower.
[0051] In the context of a pouch composition, the interior volume
can be separated into multiple discrete, layered, adjacent, and/or
superimposed portions that can place one or more components in each
portion. For example, a fluoride ion source can be in one portion
while a calcium ion source can be in another portion of the pouch
composition. Additionally, a metal ion source can be in one portion
while a silica abrasive or polyphosphate can be in another portion
of the pouch composition.
[0052] In the context of a fibrous oral care composition, one or
more reactive components can be in a one nonwoven web layer and one
or more reactive components can be in another nonwoven web layer.
Additionally, one or more reactive components can be in one or more
nonwoven web layers and one or more reactive components can be
between, on top, below, folded within, adjacent, or superimposed
with the one or more nonwoven web layers, such as in a nonfibrous
composition. For example, a fluoride ion source can be spun within
or comingled with a first fibrous composition comprising one or
more nonwoven web layers and a calcium ion source can be spun
within or comingled with a second fibrous composition comprising
one or more nonwoven web layers. The first and second fibrous
compositions can be assembled into a single multi-ply composition
using any suitable means. Additionally, a fluoride ion source can
be spun within or comingled with a fibrous composition comprising
one or more nonwoven web layers and a calcium ion source can be in
a nonfibrous composition, as a solid composition or at least
partially dissolved or at least partially dispersed in a liquid
composition. The fibrous composition and the nonfibrous composition
can be assembled into a multi-ply composition or the nonfibrous
composition can be can be between, on top, below, folded within,
adjacent, or superimposed with the fibrous composition.
[0053] In the context of a foam oral care composition, such as a
flexible porous dissolvable solid structure, the reactive
components can be within or comingled together within an open cell
or closed cell foam, the foam compositions are described in US
2011/0027328, which is herein incorporated by reference. One or
more reactive components can be in the foam composition, while one
or more reactive components can be in a nonfoam composition, such
as a surface resident particulate coating, which coats the surface
of the solid foam composition.
[0054] The use of a unit-dose oral care composition, as described
herein, allows for easy portability and the ability to better
control dosing. For example, due to current restrictions on
airlines regarding liquid products, a passenger is limited to
carrying on only a small amount of mouth rinse or dentifrice or to
packing his mouth rinse or dentifrice in his checked luggage. If
the oral care composition were in unit-dose form, the passenger can
pack exactly the amount needed into a carry-on without the need to
worry about airline packing restrictions.
Fibrous Oral Care Composition
[0055] The oral care composition can be a fibrous oral care
composition. The fibrous oral care composition can comprise a
fibrous composition and/or a nonfibrous composition. The fibrous
composition can comprise at least one web. The fibrous composition
can comprise a nonwoven web and/or a woven web.
[0056] The fibrous composition can comprise one or more web layers.
The one or web layers can comprise one or more filaments and/or
fibers. The oral care composition may comprise a first web and a
second web wherein the first and the second web comprise different
components.
[0057] The fibrous composition can comprise any suitable oral care
component. The fibrous composition can comprise any component
described herein.
[0058] The web can comprise more than one filament. The web can
comprise a first filament and a second filament both comprising an
oral care active and the oral care active can be the same oral care
active or different oral care actives. The web can comprise a first
filament comprising an immediate delivery oral care active and a
second filament comprising an extended delivery, a delayed
delivery, and/or a targeted delivery oral care active. The web can
comprise a first filament, a second filament, and a third filament,
wherein each filament comprises a different oral care
component.
[0059] The web or oral care composition can comprise a plurality of
identical or substantially identical, from a compositional
perspective, filaments according to the present invention. The web
or oral care composition may comprise two or more different
filaments according to the present invention. Non-limiting examples
of differences in the filaments may be physical differences such as
differences in diameter, length, texture, shape, rigidness,
elasticity, and the like; chemical differences such as crosslinking
level, solubility, melting point, glass transition temperature
(Tg), web forming material, color, amount of oral care active,
amount of web forming material, presence of a coating composition
on the oral care composition, chemical composition of the oral care
active including whether the oral care active is immediate
delivery, delayed delivery, extended delivery, or targeted
delivery, and the like; differences in whether the filament loses
its physical structure when the filament is exposed to conditions
of intended use; differences in whether the filament's morphology
changes when the filament is exposed to conditions of intended use;
and differences in when and where the benefit from the oral care
active is experienced. In one example, two or more filaments within
the oral care composition or web may comprise the same web forming
material, but have different oral care actives.
[0060] The web can comprise two or more filaments wherein the
filaments release the oral care actives at different rates. The
different rates may be caused by the filaments being positioned at
an external surface of the web.
[0061] The oral care composition can comprise a nonfibrous
composition, which may or may not be greater in weight percentage,
by weight of the oral care composition, than the fibrous
composition. The nonfibrous composition can be between a first web
and a second web. At least a portion of the nonfibrous composition
can be in contact with a surface of fibrous composition. The
nonfibrous composition can be placed on a single web layer and the
web layer can be folded on top of the nonfibrous composition,
rolled with the nonfibrous composition, placed on top of or below
the fibrous composition, and/or the fibrous composition can wrap
around the fibrous composition.
[0062] The nonfibrous composition can comprise any suitable oral
care component. The nonfibrous composition can comprise any
component described herein. The nonfibrous composition can be
liquid, solid, aqueous, and/or combinations thereof.
[0063] The oral care composition of the present invention can have
a basis weight of from about 10 grams per square meter (g/m.sup.2)
to about 5000 g/m.sup.2, from about 25 g/m.sup.2 to about 2500
g/m.sup.2, from about 40 g/m.sup.2 to about 1500 g/m.sup.2, or from
about 500 g/m.sup.2 to about 2000 g/m.sup.2.
[0064] The fibrous oral care composition can comprise two or more
components or oral care actives that are generally considered
incompatible, as described herein. For example, a first web layer
can comprise a fluoride ion source and a second web layer can
comprise a calcium ion source. In another example, a first web
layer can comprise a metal ion source, such as a stannous ion
source, and a nonfibrous composition can comprise a silica abrasive
or a polyphosphate.
[0065] The oral care composition or web may exhibit different
regions, such as different regions of basis weight, density and/or
caliper. The oral care composition or web may comprise discrete
regions of filaments that differ from other parts of the web.
[0066] The oral care composition or the web may comprise one or
more textured, dimpled or otherwise topographically patterned
surfaces including letters, logos or figures. The textured oral
care composition can result from the shape of the filament or the
web, in that the outermost surface of the composition contains
portions that are raised with respect to other areas of the
surface. The raised portions can result from the formed shape of
the oral care composition, for example the web can be formed in a
dimpled or waffle pattern. The raised portions can also be the
result of creping processes, imprinted coatings, embossing
patterns, or the result of the physical form of the composition
itself.
[0067] The web of the present invention may be pressed into a film
to form the oral care composition; this can be done by applying a
compressive force and/or heating the web to convert the web into a
film. The film can comprise the oral care actives that were present
in the filaments of the present invention. The web may be
completely converted into a film or parts of the web may remain in
the form of a film after partial conversion of the web into the
film. The oral care composition may constitute one or more webs
wherein at least one of the webs has been pressed into a film. The
oral care composition may comprise two or more webs that have been
pressed into a film.
[0068] The web can be rolled, compressed, cut, or stacked to form a
three dimensional oral care composition. For instance, the web may
be compressed into a pill or tablet, rolled into a cylinder, or
compressed or stacked into a rectangular prism to form the oral
care composition.
[0069] The oral care composition may constitute one or more layers
of webs which are optionally bonded together via a bonding means
(including heat, moisture, ultrasonic, pressure etc.). The oral
care composition may constitute one or more layers of webs which
are optionally bonded together via compression.
[0070] The oral care composition or nonwoven web can be perforated
with holes or channels penetrating into or through the oral care
composition, in total, or locally in one or more web layers. These
perforations can be formed as part of making the web or oral care
composition via spikes extended from the surface of an adjacent
belt, drum, roller or other surface. Alternatively, these
perforations can be formed after forming the web or oral care
composition by a process of poking or sticking the porous solids
with pins, needles or other sharp objects.
Filament
[0071] The oral care composition can comprise one or more
filaments. In an embodiment, the filaments of the present invention
exhibit a length of greater than about 0.1 in., in an alternate
embodiment greater than about 0.2 in, in still another embodiment
greater than about 0.3 in, and in another embodiment greater than
about 2 in.
[0072] The filaments can have an average diameter of less than
about 150 micrometers (.mu.m), less than about 100 .mu.m, less than
about 10 .mu.m, or less than about 1 .mu.m with a relative standard
deviation of less than 100%, less than 80%, less than 60%, or less
than 50%, such as in the range of 10% to 50%, for example. As set
forth herein, the significant number means at least 10% of all the
filaments, in another embodiment at least 25% of all the filaments,
in another embodiment at least 50% of all the filaments, in yet
another embodiment at least 75% of all the filaments. The
significant number may be at least 99% of all the filaments. At
least 50% of all the filaments may have an average diameter less
than about 10 .mu.m. The filaments produced by the method of the
present disclosure can have a significant number of filaments with
an average diameter less than about 1 .mu.m, or sub-micron
filaments. In an embodiment, the oral care composition can comprise
at least 25% of all the filaments with an average diameter less
than about 1 .mu.m, at least 35% of all the filaments with an
average diameter less than about 1 .mu.m, at least 50% of all the
filaments with an average diameter less than about 1 .mu.m, or at
least 75% of all the filaments with an average diameter less than
about 1 .mu.m.
[0073] The filament can comprise less than 30% moisture, by weight
of the filament, less than 20% moisture, by weight of the filament,
less than about 10% moisture, by weight of the filament, less than
about 5% moisture, by weight of the filament, less than about 3%,
by weight of the filament less than about 1%, or less than about
0.1%, by weight of the filament.
[0074] The filament of the present invention can be monocomponent
or multicomponent. The filament can be a bicomponent filament. The
filament can be a tricomponent filament. The multicomponent
filament may be in any form, such as side-by-side, core and sheath,
islands-in-the-sea and the like.
[0075] The filaments of the present invention may be meltblown
filaments. The filaments of the present invention may be spunbond
filaments. The filaments may be hollow filaments prior to and/or
after release of one or more of its active agents.
[0076] The filament may comprise an oral care active within the
filament and an oral care active on an external surface of the
filament, such as a coating on the filament. The oral care active
on the external surface of the filament may be the same or
different from the active agent present in the filament. If
different, the oral care actives may be compatible or incompatible
with one another.
Solid Foam Compositions
[0077] The oral care composition can be a solid foam composition,
such as the flexible porous dissolve solid structure described in
US 2011/0027328, which is herein incorporated by reference. The
solid foam composition can be in the form of an open cell foam or a
closed cell foam.
[0078] The solid foam composition can comprise any suitable oral
care component. The solid foam composition can comprise any
component described herein. The solid foam composition can comprise
a surface resident coating composition. The surface resident
coating composition can comprise any suitable oral care component
or any component described herein.
[0079] Importantly, U.S. Patent Application No. 2011/0027328 does
not disclose, teach, or suggest that the amount of pyrophosphate
must be minimized in order to produce solid soluble foams. In fact,
U.S. Patent Application No. 2011/0027328 only teaches example foam
compositions with a high amount of pyrophosphate. As such, it was
unexpectedly found here that pyrophosphate interfered with the foam
composition formation process.
[0080] Thus, the solid foam compositions of the present invention
comprise a foam forming material, one or more surfactants, a
plasticizer, and wherein the solid foam composition has less than
about 5%, less than about 1%, or free of an inorganic metal salt, a
polyphosphate, or specifically, a pyrophosphate. The foam forming
material is any suitable material that exhibits properties suitable
for making a foam. Non-limiting examples of foam forming materials
can include the water-soluble polymer disclosed by U.S. Patent
Application No. 2011/0027328.
Web Forming Material
[0081] The web can be formed by any suitable means. The web can
comprise spun fibers and/or spun filaments. The nonwoven web can be
made from a web forming material or nonwoven web forming material
as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/250,455, U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 16/250,484, U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,139,802,
9,175,250, and/or 8,785,361, which are herein incorporated by
reference in their entirety.
[0082] The web forming material can comprise any suitable material
that exhibits properties suitable for making a fiber or filament.
Non-limiting examples of web forming materials can include
polymers, polyols, sugars, sugar alcohols, and combinations
thereof. The web can comprise two or more different web forming
materials. The web can comprise three or more different web forming
materials. The polymer can function as a web forming material and
in certain embodiments can also provide an oral health benefit.
[0083] The fibrous composition can comprise from about 1% to about
100%, from about 2% to about 50%, from about 5% to about 35%, from
about 5% to about 20%, from about 1% to about 15%, or from about 5%
to about 10% of a nonwoven web forming material, by weight of the
fibrous composition.
[0084] The oral care composition can comprise from about 1% to
about 80%, from about 1% to about 50%, from about 1% to about 25%,
from about 2% to about 20%, from about 3% to about 15%, less than
about 10%, or from about 5% to about 10% of a web forming material
by total weight of the oral care composition.
Polymer
[0085] The oral care composition can comprise a polymer. The web
forming material can comprise a polymer. The fibrous composition or
the nonfibrous composition can comprise a polymer. The foam
composition can comprise a polymer. Non-limiting examples of
polymers can include naturally sourced polymers, synthetic
polymers, and combinations thereof.
[0086] Non-limiting examples of naturally sourced polymers can
include alginates, gums, protein-based polymers, starch-based
polymers, native starches, modified starches, fiber polymers, other
naturally sourced polymers, and combinations thereof.
[0087] Non-limiting examples of alginates can include ammonium
alginate, calcium alginate, potassium alginate, propylene glycol
alginate, and combinations thereof.
[0088] Non-limiting examples of gums can include acacia gum,
carrageenan, tragacanth gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan
gum, gellan gum, and combinations thereof.
[0089] Non-limiting examples of protein-based polymers can include
whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate, egg albumin, casein,
collagen, glutelin, gelatin, gluten, zein, and combinations
thereof.
[0090] Non-limiting examples of starch-based polymers can include
those starch-based polymers sourced from cereals, tubers, roots,
legumes, fruits, and combinations thereof. Starch-based polymers
can include glucose monomers joined in an .alpha. 1,4 linkage,
amylose, amylopectin, and combinations thereof.
[0091] Non-limiting examples of native starches can include can
include waxy or high amylase varieties of corn, pea, potato,
banana, barley, wheat, rice, sago, amaranth, tapioca, arrowroot,
canna, sorghum, and combinations thereof.
[0092] Non-limiting examples of modified starches can include
hydroxypropyl starch, maltodextrin, high amylose starch, and
combinations thereof.
[0093] Non-limiting examples of fiber polymers can include pectins,
fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin, agar, beta-glucans, dextrins,
lignin, celluloses, non-starch polysaccharides, reduced starch,
polycarbophil, citrus fiber, and combinations thereof.
[0094] Non-limiting examples of other naturally sourced polymers
can include agar, pullulan, chitin, chitosan, shellac, and
combinations thereof.
[0095] Non-limiting examples of synthetic polymers can include
cellulose derivatives, carbomers, polymethacrylates, other
synthetic polymers, and combinations thereof.
[0096] Non-limiting examples of cellulose derivatives can include
hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylethyl cellulose,
methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and combinations
thereof.
[0097] Non-limiting examples of carbomers can include carbomer 934,
carbomer 934P, carbomer 940, carbomer 94, carbomer 1342, carbomer
copolymers, carbomer homopolymers, carbomer interpolymers, and
combinations thereof. Some carbomers are available commercially as
Carbopol.RTM. 934P NF polymer, Carbopol.RTM. 971P NF polymer, and
Carbopol.RTM. 974P NF polymer.
[0098] Non-limiting examples of polymethacrylates can include
ammonio methacrylate copolymer, basic butylated methacrylate
copolymer, methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer (1:1),
methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1), methacrylic
acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1), methacrylic acid-methyl
methacrylate copolymer (1:2), polyacrylate dispersion 30%,
methacrylic acid copolymer, amino methacrylate copolymer, ammonio
methacrylate copolymer, ammonio methacrylate copolymer dispersion,
ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymer, and combinations
thereof. Some polymethacrylates are available commercially as
Eudragit.RTM. E 12.5, Eudragit.RTM. E 100, Eudragit.RTM. E PO,
Eudragit.RTM. L 12.5 P, Eudragit.RTM. L 12.5, Eudragit.RTM. L 100,
Eudragit.RTM. L 100-55, Eudragit.RTM. L 30 D-55, Eudragit.RTM. S
12.5 P, Eudragit.RTM. S 12.5, Eudragit.RTM. S 100, Eudragit.RTM. FS
30 D, Eudragit.RTM. RL 12.5, Eudragit.RTM. RL 100, Eudragit.RTM. RL
PO, Eudragit.RTM. RL 30 D, Eudragit.RTM. RS 12.5, Eudragit.RTM. RS
100, Eudragit.RTM. RS PO, Eudragit.RTM. RS 30 D, Eudragit.RTM. NE
30 D, Eudragit.RTM. NE 40 D, Eudragit.RTM. NM 30 D, Eastacryl.TM.
30 D, Kollicoat.RTM. MAE 30 DP, Kollicoat.RTM. MAE 100 P,
Acryl-EZE.RTM., Acryl-EZE.RTM. 93 A, and Acryl-EZE.RTM. MP.
[0099] Non-limiting examples of other synthetic polymers can
include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyvinyl polymers, polyvinyl
pyrrolidones, polyethylene oxide, polyoxyethylene, and combinations
thereof.
[0100] The polymer of the present invention can be selected such
that its weight average molecular weight is from about 20,000
Daltons (Da) to about 10,000,000 Da, from about 100,000 Da to about
5,000,000 Da, from about 500,000 Da to about 4,000,000 Da, or from
about 1,000,000 Da to about 3,000,000 Da. The weight average
molecular weight is computed by summing the weight average
molecular weight of each nonwoven web forming material raw material
multiplied by their respective relative weight percentages by
weight of the total weight of polymers present within the
filament.
[0101] The polymer can be polyvinyl alcohol with a weight average
molecular weight from about 10,000 Da to about 250,000 Da, in
another embodiment from about 15,000 Da to about 200,000 Da, and in
another embodiment from about 20,000 Da to about 150,000 Da.
[0102] The polyvinyl alcohol can have a degree of hydrolysis of
from about 60% to 100%, from about 65% to about 85%, less than 85%,
from about 70% to about 80%, or from about 65% to about 95%.
[0103] The polymer can be selected from the group consisting of
alginates, starch-based polymers, native starches, modified
starches, and combinations thereof with a weight average molecular
weight from about 1,000,000 Da to about 6,000,000 Da, from about
1,500,000 Da to about 5,000,000 Da, or from about 2,000,000 Da to
about 4,000,000 Da.
[0104] The polymer can be selected from the group consisting of
polyvinyl alcohol, pullulan, pectin, corn starch, modified corn
starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and combinations
thereof.
[0105] The fibrous composition can comprise from about 0.1% to
about 50%, from about 5% to about 40%, from about 15% to about 35,
from about 20% to about 30%, or from about 15% to about 30% of a
polymer, by weight of the fibrous composition.
[0106] The nonfibrous composition can comprise from about 0.1% to
about 50%, from about 5% to about 40%, from about 15% to about 35,
from about 20% to about 30%, or from about 15% to about 30% of a
polymer, by weight of the nonfibrous composition or the oral care
composition.
Plasticizer
[0107] The oral care composition can comprise a plasticizer.
Non-limiting examples of plasticizers can include polyols,
polycarboxylic acids, polyesters, other suitable plasticizers, and
combinations thereof.
[0108] Non-limiting examples of polycarboxylic acids can include
citric acid, succinic acid, and combinations thereof.
[0109] Non-limiting examples of polyesters can include glycerol
triacetate, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate,
acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, and combinations
thereof.
[0110] Non-limiting examples of other suitable plasticizers of the
present invention include, but are not limited to, alkyl and allyl
phthalates; lactates (e.g., sodium, ammonium and potassium salts);
lactic acid; soluble collagen; modified protein; monosodium
L-glutamate; proteins and amino acids such as glutamic acid,
aspartic acid, and lysine; hydrogen starch hydrolysates; other low
molecular weight esters (e.g., esters of C2-C10 alcohols and
acids); and any other plasticizer known to one skilled in the art
of the food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical industries;
and combinations thereof.
Polyol
[0111] The oral care composition can comprise a polyol. The fibrous
composition or the nonfibrous composition can comprise a polyol.
The web forming material can comprise a polyol. The foam forming
material can comprise a polyol. A polyol is an organic compound
with more than one hydroxyl functional groups. The polyol can
comprise a sugar alcohol, a non-reducing sugar, a monosaccharide, a
disaccharide, a polysaccharide, and/or combinations thereof.
[0112] Sugar alcohols are a class of polyols that can be obtained
through the hydrogenation of sugar compounds with the formula
(CHOH).sub.nH.sub.2, preferably where n=2-6. Suitable sugar
alcohols include ethylene glycol, glycerin, erythritol, threitol,
arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol,
fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol,
maltomtriitol, maltotetraitol, and/or polyglycitol.
[0113] Non-reducing sugars are a class of saccharides that do not
generate any compounds containing an aldehyde functional group.
Non-reducing sugars are stable in water and do not react with weak
oxidizing agents to produce sugar alcohols.
[0114] Non-limiting examples of monosaccharides can include
glucose, fructose, and combinations thereof.
[0115] Non-limiting examples of disaccharides can include sucrose,
maltose, lactose, high fructose corn syrup solids, trehalose,
cellobiose, gentiobiose, isomaltose, kojibiose, laminaribiose,
mannobiose, melibiose, nigerose, rutinose, xylobiose, lactulose and
combinations thereof.
[0116] Non-limiting examples of trioses can include
glyceraldehydes, dihydroxyacetone, and combinations thereof.
[0117] Non-limiting examples of tetroses can include erythrose,
threose, erythrulose, and combinations thereof.
[0118] Non-limiting examples of pentoses can include arabinose,
lyxose, ribose, xylose, ribulose, xylulose, and combinations
thereof.
[0119] Non-limiting examples of hexoses can include allose,
altrose, galactose, glucose, gulose, idose, mannose, talose,
fructose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose, and combinations thereof.
[0120] Non-limiting examples of heptoses can include
mannoheptulose, sedoheptulose, and combinations thereof.
[0121] Non-limiting examples of octoses can include octolose,
2-keto-3-deoxy-manno-octonate, and combinations thereof. A
non-limiting example of nonose can include sialose.
[0122] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to
about 50%, from about 0.1% to about 50%, from about 1% to about
40%, from about 2% to about 25%, from about 5% to about 15%, or
from about 5% to about 10% of a polyol, by weight of the oral care
composition.
Water
[0123] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to
about 50%, by weight of the oral care composition of water. The
oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to about 30%,
from about 0.1% to about 25%, from about 0.5% to about 15%, or from
about 1% to about 15% of water, by weight of the composition. The
water may be added to the formulation directly and/or may come into
the composition from the inclusion of other ingredients.
Preferably, the water is USP water. Alternatively, the oral care
composition can comprise less than about 5%, less than about 1%,
less than about 0.5%, or less than about 0.01% water by weight of
the total composition. The oral care composition can comprise no
added water other than the minimal amount of water in commercial
products incorporated into the oral care composition or the water
incorporated under ambient conditions.
Abrasive
[0124] The oral care composition can comprise about 0.5% to 75% of
an abrasive by weight of the oral care composition. The oral care
composition can comprise from about 5% to about 60%, from about 10%
to about 50%, or from about 15% to about 55%, or combinations
thereof, of an abrasive by weight of the composition. The abrasive
can be a calcium-containing abrasive, a silica abrasive, a
carbonate abrasive, a phosphate abrasive, an alumina abrasive,
other suitable abrasives, and/or combinations thereof. Some
abrasives may fit into several descriptive categories, such as for
example calcium carbonate, which is both a calcium-containing
abrasive and a carbonate abrasive.
[0125] The calcium-containing abrasive can comprise calcium
carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium
orthophosphate, calcium metaphosphate, calcium polyphosphate,
calcium hydroxyapatite, and combinations thereof.
[0126] The calcium-containing abrasive can comprise calcium
carbonate. The calcium-containing abrasive can be selected from the
group consisting of fine ground natural chalk, ground calcium
carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, and combinations
thereof.
[0127] The carbonate abrasive can comprise sodium carbonate, sodium
bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, and/or
combinations thereof.
[0128] The phosphate abrasive cancomprise calcium phosphate, sodium
hexametaphosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate,
calcium orthophosphate, calcium metaphosphate, calcium
polyphosphate, a polyphosphate, a pyrophosphate, and/or
combinations thereof.
[0129] The silica abrasive can comprise fused silica, fumed silica,
precipitated silica, hydrated silica, and/or combinations
thereof.
[0130] The alumina abrasive can comprise polycrystalline alumina,
calcined alumina, fused alumina, levigated alumina, hydrated
alumina, and/or combinations thereof.
[0131] Other suitable abrasives include diatomaceous earth, barium
sulfate, wollastonite, perlite, polymethylmethacrylate particles,
tospearl, and combinations thereof.
[0132] The abrasive can be formed within the fibrous composition,
added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or included in the
nonfibrous composition.
Fluoride Ion Source
[0133] The oral care composition may include an effective amount of
an anti-caries agent. The oral care composition can comprise a
fluoride ion source.
[0134] The fluoride ion source may be present in an amount
sufficient to give a suitable fluoride ion concentration in the
composition according to local laws and regulations, for example
the anti-caries monograph at the FDA. The oral care composition can
comprise from about 0.0025% to about 20%, from about 0.0025% to
about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5%, or from about 0.0025% to
about 2%, by weight of the oral care composition, of the fluoride
ion source.
[0135] The fluoride ion source can be at an amount suitable to
obtain a theoretical fluoride concentration of from about 200 ppm
to about 10000 ppm, from about 200 ppm to about 2000 ppm, from
about 800 ppm to about 1500 ppm, or from about 1100 ppm to about
1400 ppm as normalized to a unit-dose oral care composition by
adding water.
[0136] The fluoride ion source can comprise examples of suitable
fluoride ion-yielding materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,535,421, and 3,678,154. The fluoride ion source can comprise
stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, amine
fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, zinc fluoride, and/or
combinations thereof.
[0137] The fluoride ion source and the metal ion source can be the
same compound, such as for example, stannous fluoride, which can
generate tin ions and fluoride ions. Additionally, the fluoride ion
source and the tin ion source can be separate compounds, such as
when the metal ion source is stannous chloride and the fluoride ion
source is sodium monofluorophosphate or sodium fluoride.
[0138] The fluoride ion source can be formed within the fibrous
composition, added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or
included in the nonfibrous composition.
Metal Ion Source
[0139] The oral care composition can comprise a metal ion source.
Suitable metal ion sources include stannous ion sources, zinc ion
sources, copper ion sources, silver ion sources, magnesium ion
sources, iron ion sources, sodium ion sources, and manganese (Mn)
ion sources, and/or combinations thereof. The metal ion source can
be a soluble or a sparingly soluble compound of stannous, zinc, or
copper with inorganic or organic counter ions. Examples include the
fluoride, chloride, chlorofluoride, acetate, hexafluorozirconate,
sulfate, tartrate, gluconate, citrate, malate, glycinate,
pyrophosphate, metaphosphate, oxalate, phosphate, carbonate salts
and oxides of stannous, zinc, and copper.
[0140] Stannous, zinc and copper ions are derived from the metal
ion source(s) can be found in the multi-phase oral care composition
an effective amount to provide an oral care benefit or other
benefits. Stannous, zinc and copper ions have been found to help in
the reduction of gingivitis, plaque, sensitivity, and improved
breath benefits. An effective amount is defined as from at least
about 500 ppm to about 20,000 ppm metal ion of the total
composition, preferably from about 2,000 ppm to about 15,000 ppm.
More preferably, metal ions are present in an amount from about
3,000 ppm to about 13,000 ppm and even more preferably from about
5,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm. This is the total amount of metal
ions (stannous, zinc, copper and mixtures thereof) that is present
in the compositions for delivery to the tooth surface.
[0141] Other metal ion sources can include minerals and/or calcium
containing compounds, which can lead to remineralization, such as,
for example, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, calcium chloride,
calcium lactate, calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluoroapatite,
amorphous calcium phosphate, crystalline calcium phosphate, sodium
bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, oxalic acid,
dipotassium oxalate, monosodium monopotassium oxalate, casein
phosphopeptides, and/or casein phosphopeptide coated hydroxy
apatite.
[0142] The metal ion source may comprise a metal salt suitable for
generating metal ions in the oral cavity. Suitable metal salts
include salts of silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), sodium
(Na), and manganese (Mn) salts, or combinations thereof. Preferred
salts include, without limitation, gluconates, chlorates, citrates,
chlorides, fluorides, and nitrates, or combinations thereof.
[0143] The oral care composition can comprise at least about
0.005%, from about 0.005% to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about
5%, from about 0.01% to about 2%, or from about 0.1% to about 1% of
a metal ion source by weight of the oral care composition. The
metal ion source can be formed within the fibrous composition,
added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or included in the
nonfibrous composition.
Tin Ion Source
[0144] Tin ions, such as stannous ions, are used in oral care
compositions to deliver benefits such as, for example, enamel care
and cavity protection. Suitable tin ion sources include stannous
chloride, stannous fluoride, stannous bromide, stannous iodide,
stannous acetate, stannous gluconate, stannous oxalate, stannous
sulfate, stannous lactate, stannous tartrate stannous carbonate,
stannic chloride, stannic fluoride, stannic iodide, stannous
citrate, stannic nitrate, stannous peptides, stannous proteins, and
stannous phosphate, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the ion
source is stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, and/or combinations
thereof.
[0145] The oral care compositions of the present invention may
comprise a tin ion source in the amount ranging from about 0.01% to
about 5%, from about 0.05% to about 4%, from about 0.01% to about
10%, or from about 0.075% to about 3%. The tin ion source can be
formed within the fibrous composition, added to the surface of the
fibrous composition, or included in the nonfibrous composition.
Zinc Ion Source
[0146] The oral care composition may comprise from about 0.01% to
about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, or from about 0.01% to about
10%, by weight of the oral care composition, of a zinc ion source.
The zinc ion source can be selected from the group consisting of
zinc citrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc gluconate, zinc
lactate, zinc phosphate, zinc arginine, zinc fluoride, zinc iodide,
zinc carbonate, and combinations thereof. More preferably, the zinc
ion source is selected from zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc
lactate, and combinations thereof. Insoluble or sparingly soluble
zinc compounds, such as zinc oxide or zinc carbonate, can be used
as the zinc ion source. Zinc ion sources can be soluble zinc
sources such as zinc chloride or zinc sulfate. Additionally, zinc
ion sources can be those where the zinc is already combined with a
suitable chelating agent in the form of a salt or other complex,
such as zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc lactate and zinc
glycinate. Other examples of zinc ion sources are zinc citrate,
zinc gluconate, zinc lactate and mixtures thereof.
[0147] When insoluble and soluble zinc compounds are both present
in the zinc ion source, the soluble zinc compound can be present at
least about 50%, by weight of the total zinc ion source. The oral
care compositions of the present invention may optionally also
include other antibacterial agents, preferably present in an amount
of from about 0.035% or more, from about 0.05% to about 2%, from
about 0.1% to about 1%, by weight of the oral care composition.
Examples of these other anti-bacterial agents may include
non-cationic anti-bacterial agents such as, for example,
halogenated diphenyl ethers, phenolic compounds including phenol
and its homologs, mono and poly-alkyl and aromatic halophenols,
resorcinol and its derivatives, xylitol, bisphenolic compounds and
halogenated salicylanilides, benzoic esters, and halogenated
carbanilidies. Other useful anti-bacterial agents are enzymes,
including endoglycosidase, papain, dextranase, mutanase, and
combinations thereof. In another example, the other anti-bacterial
agent can include triclosan
(5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol).
[0148] The zinc ion source can be formed within the fibrous
composition, added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or
included in the nonfibrous composition.
Copper Ion Source
[0149] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to
about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, or from about 0.01% to about
10%, by weight of the oral care composition, of a copper ion
source. The copper ion source can be selected from the group
consisting of copper gluconate, copper citrate, copper fluoride,
copper iodide, copper bromide, copper peptides, copper sulfate,
copper arginine, copper carbonate, and combinations thereof. Copper
salts can be in any possible oxidation state, including, for
example, copper(I) or copper(II) salts. The copper ion source can
be formed within the fibrous composition, added to the surface of
the fibrous composition, or included in the nonfibrous
composition.
Calcium Ion Source
[0150] The oral care composition can comprise a calcium ion source.
The calcium ion source can comprise a calcium salt, such as, for
example, calcium chloride, and/or a calcium-containing abrasive, as
described herein.
[0151] The calcium compound can comprise any suitable soluble
calcium salt, such as for example, calcium chloride, calcium
carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium lactate,
calcium citrate, calcium phosphate, and combinations thereof.
[0152] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to
about 10%, from about 1% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 50%,
or from about 1% to about 30%, by weight of the oral care
composition of a calcium ion source.
Surfactants
[0153] The oral care composition can comprise one or more
surfactants. The fibrous composition can comprise one or more
surfactants. The nonfibrous composition can comprise one or more
surfactants. The one or more surfactants may be selected from
anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, cationic surfactants,
or combinations thereof.
[0154] The oral care composition may include one or more
surfactants at a level of from about 0.01% to about 20%, from about
1% to about 15%, from about 0.1% to about 15%, from about 5% to
about 15%, or greater than about 5%%, by weight of the
composition.
[0155] Suitable anionic surfactants include, for example, the water
soluble salts of alkyl sulfates having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms in
the alkyl radical and the water-soluble salts of sulfonated
monoglycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium coconut monoglyceride
sulfonates are examples of anionic surfactants of this type. Other
suitable anionic surfactants include sarcosinates, such as sodium
lauroyl sarcosinate, taurates, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, sodium
lauroyl isethionate, sodium laureth carboxylate, and sodium dodecyl
benzene sulfonate. Combinations of anionic surfactants can also be
employed.
[0156] Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are alkyl
phosphates. The surface active organophosphate agents can have a
strong affinity for enamel surface and have sufficient surface
binding propensity to desorb pellicle proteins and remain affixed
to enamel surfaces. Suitable examples of organophosphate compounds
include mono-, di- or triesters represented by the general
structure below wherein Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, or Z.sub.3 may be
identical or different with at least one being an organic moiety.
Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, or Z.sub.3 can be selected from linear or
branched, alkyl or alkenyl group of from 1 to 22 carbon atoms,
optionally substituted by one or more phosphate groups; alkoxylated
alkyl or alkenyl, (poly)saccharide, polyol or polyether group.
##STR00001##
Some other agents include alkyl or alkenyl phosphate esters
represented by the following structure:
##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched, alkyl or alkenyl
group of from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by one
or more phosphate groups; n and m, are individually and separately,
2 to 4, and a and b, individually and separately, are 0 to 20; Z
and Z may be identical or different, each represents hydrogen,
alkali metal, ammonium, protonated alkyl amine or protonated
functional alkylamine, such as analkanolamine, or a
R--(OCH2)(OCH)-- group. Examples of suitable agents include alkyl
and alkyl (poly)alkoxy phosphates such as lauryl phosphate; PPGS
ceteareth-10 phosphate; laureth-1 phosphate; laureth-3 phosphate;
laureth-9 phosphate; trilaureth-4 phosphate; C.sub.12-18 PEG 9
phosphate: and sodium dilaureth-10 phosphate. The alkyl phosphate
can be polymeric. Examples of polymeric alkyl phosphates include
those containing repeating alkoxy groups as the polymeric portion,
in particular 3 or more ethoxy, propoxy isopropoxy or butoxy
groups.
[0157] Other suitable surfactants are sarcosinates, isethionates
and taurates, especially their alkali metal or ammonium salts.
Examples include: lauroyl sarcosinate, myristoyl sarcosinate,
palmitoyl sarcosinate, stearoyl sarcosinate oleoyl sarcosinate, or
combinations thereof.
[0158] Zwitterionic or amphoteric Surfactants useful herein include
derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and
Sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be
straight chain or branched, and one of the aliphatic substituents
contains from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic
water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate,
phosphate or phosphonate. Suitable betaine surfactants are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,577. Typical alkyl dimethyl
betaines include decyl betaine or 2-(N-decyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)
acetate, coco-betaine or 2-(N-coco-N,N-dimethyl ammonio)acetate,
myristyl betaine, palmityl betaine, lauryl betaine, cetyl betaine,
cetyl betaine, stearyl betaine, etc. The amidobetaines can be
exemplified by cocoamidoethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine
(CADB), and lauramidopropyl betaine.
[0159] Cationic surfactants useful in the present invention
include, for example, derivatives of quaternary ammonium compounds
having one long alkyl chain containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms
such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride; cetyl pyridinium
chloride; cetyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide; cetyl pyridinium
fluoride or combinations thereof.
[0160] Nonionic surfactants that can be used in the compositions of
the present invention include, for example, compounds produced by
the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature)
with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or
alkylaromatic in nature. Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants
can include the Pluronics.RTM. which are poloxamers, polyethylene
oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, products derived from the
condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of
propylene oxide and ethylene diamine, ethylene oxide condensates of
aliphatic alcohols, long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain
tertiary phosphine oxides, long chain dialkyl sulfoxides and
combinations of such materials.
[0161] The one or more surfactants can also include one or more
natural surfactants. Natural surfactants can include surfactants
that are derived from natural products and/or surfactants that are
minimally or not processed. Natural surfactants can include
hydrogenated, non-hydrogenated, or partially hydrogenated vegetable
oils, olus oil, Passiflora incarnata oil, candelilla cera,
coco-caprylate, caprate, dicaprylyl ether, lauryl alcohol, myristyl
myristate, dicaprylyl ether, caprylic acid, caprylic ester, octyl
decanoate, octyl octanoate, undecane, tridecane, decyl oleate,
oleic acid decylester, cetyl palmitate, stearic acid, palmitic
acid, glyceryl stearate, hydrogenated, non-hydrogenated, or
partially hydrogenated vegetable glycerides, Polyglyceryl-2
dipolyhydroxystearate, cetearyl alcohol, sucrose polystearate,
glycerin, octadodecanol, hydrolyzed, partially hydrolyzed, or
non-hydrolyzed vegetable protein, hydrolyzed, partially hydrolyzed,
or non-hydrolyzed wheat protein hydrolysate, polyglyceryl-3
diisostearate, glyceryl oleate, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol,
sodium cetearyl sulfate, cetearyl alcohol, glyceryl laurate, capric
triglyceride, coco-glycerides, lectithin, dicaprylyl ether, xanthan
gum, sodium coco-sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl
sulfate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, polyalkylglucosides, such as
decyl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, cetyl stearyl polyglucoside,
coco-glucoside, and lauryl glucoside, and/or combinations thereof.
Natural surfactants can include any of the Natrue ingredients
marketed by BASF, such as, for example, CegeSoft.RTM., Cetiol.RTM.,
Cutina.RTM., Dehymuls.RTM., Emulgade.RTM., Emulgin.RTM.,
Eutanol.RTM., Gluadin.RTM., Lameform.RTM., LameSoft.RTM.,
Lanette.RTM., Monomuls.RTM., Myritol.RTM., Plantacare.RTM.,
Plantaquat.RTM., Platasil.RTM., Rheocare.RTM., Sulfopon.RTM.,
Texapon.RTM., and/or combinations thereof.
[0162] The surfactant can be formed within the fibrous composition,
added to the surface of the fibrous composition, and/or included in
the nonfibrous composition. The surfactant formed within the
fibrous composition can be at a level from about 10% to about 50%,
from about 20% to about 40%, from about 25% to about 40%, or from
about 30% to about 40% by weight of the fibrous composition.
[0163] The oral care composition can comprise one or more
surfactants. The oral care composition can comprise an anionic
surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and/or a
zwitterionic surfactant.
[0164] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.1% to
about 10%, from about 0.1% to about 8%, from about 5% to about 8%,
from about 4% to about 9%, or from about 3% to about 10% of an
anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, and/or nonionic surfactant
by weight of the composition.
[0165] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to
about 20%, from about 0.01% to about 10%, from about 0.1% to about
1%, from about 0.01% to about 1%, from about 0.01% to about 0.5%,
or from about 0.1% to about 0.2% of a zwitterionic surfactant by
weight of the composition.
PEG
[0166] The oral care composition may comprise polyethylene glycol
(PEG), of various weight percentages of the composition as well as
various ranges of average molecular weights. The compositions can
have from about 0.1% to about 40%, from about 1% to about 35%, from
about 5% to about 30%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 1%
to about 40%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 15% to about
20%, from about 0.1% to about 30%, or from about 15% to about 30%
of PEG by weight of the composition. The PEG can have a range of
average molecular weight from about 100 Daltons to about 1600
Daltons, from about 200 to about 1000, from about 400 to about 800,
from about 500 to about 700 Daltons, or combinations thereof. PEG
is a water soluble linear polymer formed by the addition reaction
of ethylene oxide to an ethylene glycol equivalent having the
general formula: H--(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.n--OH. One supplier of
PEG is Dow Chemical Company under the brandname of
CARBOWAX.TM..
[0167] PEG can be formed within the fibrous composition, added to
the surface of the fibrous composition, or included in the
nonfibrous composition. PEG included in the nonfibrous composition
can be at a level from about 10% to about 50%, from about 15% to
about 40%, from about 5% to about 35%, or from about 15% to about
30% by weight of the nonfibrous composition. The PEG, when used as
a solvent for the nonfibrous composition, can be anhydrous to
prevent reactivity between components dispersed or dissolved within
the PEG.
Polyphosphates
[0168] The oral care composition can comprise a polyphosphate
source. A polyphosphate source can comprise one or more
polyphosphate molecules. Polyphosphates are a class of materials
obtained by the dehydration and condensation of orthophosphate to
yield linear and cyclic polyphosphates of varying chain lengths.
Thus, polyphosphate molecules are generally identified with an
average number (n) of polyphosphate molecules, as described below.
A polyphosphate is generally understood to consist of two or more
phosphate molecules arranged primarily in a linear configuration,
although some cyclic derivatives may be present.
[0169] Preferred polyphosphates are those having an average of two
or more phosphate groups so that surface adsorption at effective
concentrations produces sufficient non-bound phosphate functions,
which enhance the anionic surface charge as well as hydrophilic
character of the surfaces. Preferred in this invention are the
linear polyphosphates having the formula: XO(XPO).sub.nX, wherein X
is sodium, potassium, ammonium., or any other alkali metal cations
and n averages from about 2 to about 21. The polyphosphate source
can also include alkali earth metal polyphosphate salts, and
specifically calcium polyphosphate salts, such as calcium
pyrophosphate, due to the ability to separate calcium ions from
other reactive components, such as fluoride ion sources.
[0170] Some examples of suitable polyphosphate molecules include,
for example, pyrophosphate (n=2), tripolyphosphate (n=3),
tetrapolyphosphate (n=4), sodaphos polyphosphate (n=6), hexaphos
polyphosphate (n=13), benephos polyphosphate (n=14),
hexametaphosphate (n=21), which is also known as Glass H.
Polyphosphates can include those polyphosphate compounds
manufactured by EMC Corporation, ICL Performance Products, and/or
Astaris.
[0171] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to
about 15%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about
5%, from about 1 to about 20%, or about 10% or less, by weight of
the oral care composition, of the polyphosphate source.
Extensional Aid
[0172] The oral care composition can comprise an extensional aid.
Non-limiting examples of extensional aids can include polymers,
other extensional aids, and combinations thereof.
[0173] The extensional aids can have a weight average molecular
weight of at least about 500,000 Da. The weight average molecular
weight of the extensional aid can be from about 500,000 to about
25,000,000, from about 800,000 to about 22,000,000, from about
1,000,000 to about 20,000,000, or from about 2,000,000 to about
15,000,000. The high molecular weight extensional aids are
preferred in some embodiments of the invention due to the ability
to increase extensional melt viscosity and reducing melt
fracture.
[0174] The extensional aid, when used in meltblowing, can be added
to the composition of the present invention in an amount effective
to visibly reduce the melt fracture and capillary breakage of
filaments during the spinning process such that substantially
continuous filaments having relatively consistent diameter can be
melt spun. Regardless of the process employed to produce filaments,
the extensional aids, when used, can be present from about 0.001%
to about 10%, by weight on a dry filament basis, from about 0.005
to about 5%, by weight on a dry filament basis, from about 0.01 to
about 1%, by weight on a dry filament basis, or from about 0.05% to
about 0.5%, by weight on a dry filament basis.
[0175] Non-limiting examples of polymers that can optionally be
used as extensional aids can include alginates, carrageenans,
pectin, chitin, guar gum, xanthum gum, agar, gum arabic, karaya
gum, tragacanth gum, locust bean gum, alkylcellulose,
hydroxyalkylcellulose, carboxyalkylcellulose, and mixtures
thereof.
[0176] Nonlimiting examples of other extensional aids can include
carboxyl modified polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic
acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
polyethylene vinyl acetate, polyethyleneimine, polyamides,
polyalkylene oxides including polyethylene oxide, polypropylene
oxide, polyethylenepropylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.
Aesthetic Agents
[0177] The oral care composition can optionally comprise one or
more aesthetic agents. The one or more aesthetic agents can be
selected from the group consisting of flavors, colorants, sensates,
sweeteners, salivation agents, and combinations thereof. All
aesthetic agents can be present from about 0.001% to about 60%, by
weight of the oral care composition, from about 0.005% to about
50%, by weight of the oral care composition, about 0.05% to about
40%, by weight of the oral care composition, or from about 0.1% to
about 35%, by weight of the oral care composition.
[0178] Aesthetic agents can be formed within the fibrous
composition, added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or
included in the nonfibrous composition.
Flavors
[0179] The oral care composition can optionally include one or more
flavors. Non-limiting examples of flavors that can be used in the
present invention can include natural flavoring agents, artificial
flavoring agents, artificial extracts, natural extracts and
combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of flavors can include
vanilla, honey, lemon, lemon honey, cherry vanilla, peach, honey
ginger, chamomile, cherry, cherry cream, mint, vanilla mint, dark
berry, black berry, raspberry, peppermint, spearmint, honey peach,
acai berry, cranberry, honey cranberry, tropical fruit, dragon
fruit, wolf berry, red stem mint, pomegranate, black current,
strawberry, lemon, lime, peach ginger, orange, orange cream, cream
sickle, apricot, anethole, ginger, jack fruit, star fruit,
blueberry, fruit punch, lemon grass, chamomile lemon grass,
lavender, banana, strawberry banana, grape, blue raspberry, lemon
lime, coffee, espresso, cappuccino, honey, wintergreen mint, bubble
gum, tart honey lemon, sour lemon, green apple, boysenberry,
rhubarb, strawberry rhubarb, persimmon, green tea, black tea, red
tea, white tea, honey lime, cherry lime, apple, tangerine,
grapefruit, kiwi, pear, vanillin, ethyl vanillin, maltol,
ethyl-maltol, pumpkin, carrot cake, white chocolate raspberry,
chocolate, white chocolate, milk chocolate, dark chocolate,
chocolate marshmallow, apple pie, cinnamon, hazelnut, almond,
cream, creme brulee, caramel, caramel nut, butter, butter toffee,
caramel toffee, aloe vera, whiskey, rum, cocoa, licorice,
pineapple, guava, melon, watermelon, elder berry, mouth cooler,
raspberries and cream, peach mango, tropical, cool berry, lemon
ice, nectar, spicy nectar, tropical mango, apple butter, peanut
butter, tangerine, tangerine lime, marshmallow, cotton candy, apple
cider, orange chocolate, adipic acid, citral, denatonium benzoate,
ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl maltol, ethylcellulose, fumaric
acid, leucine, malic acid, menthol, methionine, monosodium
glutamate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, tartaric acid, thymol,
and combinations thereof.
[0180] Flavors can be protected in an encapsulate or as a flavor
crystal. The encapsulated flavor can have a controlled or delayed
release once the encapsulated flavor reaches the oral cavity. The
encapsulate can comprise a shell and a core. The flavor can be in
the core of the encapsulate. The flavor can be encapsulated by any
suitable means, such as spray drying or extrusion. Encapsulated
flavors can be added to the surface of the fibrous composition,
formed within the fibrous composition, or included in the
nonfibrous composition.
[0181] Flavors can be present from about 0.05% to about 25%, by
weight of the oral care composition, from about 0.01% to about 15%,
by weight of the oral care composition, from about 0.2% to about
10%, by weight of the oral care composition, or from about 0.1% to
about 5%, by weight of the oral care composition.
[0182] Flavors can be formed within the fibrous composition, added
to the surface of the fibrous composition, or included in the
nonfibrous composition.
Colorants
[0183] The oral care composition can optionally include one or more
colorants. The colorants can provide a visual signal when the oral
care composition is exposed to conditions of intended use.
Non-limiting examples colorants that may be used in the present
invention include FD&C blue #1, FD&C blue #2, D&C blue
#4, D&C blue #9, FD&C green #3, D&C green #5, D&C
green #6, D&C green #8, D&C orange #4, D&C orange #5,
D&C orange #10, D&C orange #11, FD&C red #3, FD&C
red #4, D&C red #6, D&C red #7, D&C red #17, D&C
red #21, D&C red #22, D&C red #27, D&C red #28, D&C
red #30, D&C red #31, D&C red #33, D&C red #34, D&C
red #36, D&C red #39, FD&C red #40, D&C violet #2,
FD&C yellow #5, FD&C yellow #6, D&C yellow #7, Ext.
D&C yellow #7, D&C yellow #8, D&C yellow #10, D&C
yellow #11, and combinations thereof. Colorants can be present from
about 0.05% to about 2%, by weight of the oral care composition,
from about 0.01% to about 2%, by weight of the oral care
composition, or from about 0.02% to about 1.5%, by weight of the
oral care composition.
[0184] Colorants can be formed within the fibrous composition,
added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or included in the
nonfibrous composition.
Sensates
[0185] The oral care composition can optionally include one or more
sensates. Non-limiting examples of sensates can include cooling
sensates, warming sensates, tingling sensates, and combinations
thereof. Sensates are useful to deliver signals to the user.
[0186] Non-limiting examples of cooling sensates can include WS-23
(2-Isopropyl-N,2,3-trimethylbutyramide), WS-3
(N-Ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide), WS-30
(1-glyceryl-p-mentane-3-carboxylate), WS-4
(ethyleneglycol-p-methane-3-carboxylate), WS-14
(N-t-butyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide), WS-12
(N-(4-,ethoxyphenyl)-p-menthane-3-carboxamide), WS-5
(Ethyl-3-(p-menthane-3-carboxamido)acetate, Menthone glycerol ketal
(sold as Frescolat.RTM. MGA by Haarmann & Reimer), (-)-Menthyl
lactate (sold as Frescolat.RTM. ML by Haarmann & Reimer),
(-)-Menthoxypropane-1,2-diol (sold as Coolant Agent 10 by Takasago
International), 3-(1-menthoxy)propane-1,2-diol,
3-(1-Menthoxy)-2-methylpropane-1,2-diol, (-)-Isopulegol is sold
under the name "Coolact P.RTM." by Takasago International., cis
& trans p-Menthane-3,8-diols (PMD38)--Takasago International,
Questice.RTM. (menthyl pyrrolidone carboxylate),
(1R,3R,4S)-3-menthyl-3,6-dioxaheptanoate--Firmenich,
(1R,2S,5R)-3-menthyl methoxyacetate--Firmenich,
(1R,2S,5R)-3-menthyl 3,6,9-trioxadecanoate--Firmenich,
(1R,2S,5R)-menthyl 11-hydroxy-3,6,9-trioxaundecanoate--Firmenich,
(1R,2S,5R)-3-menthyl (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetate--Firmenich,
Cubebol--Firmenich, Icilin also known as AG-3-5, chemical name
1-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4-[2-nitrophenyl-]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one-
), 4-methyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2[5H]-furanone, Frescolat
ML--menthyl lactate, Frescolat MGA--menthane glycerin acetal,
Peppermint oil, Givaudan 180, L-Monomenthyl succinate,
L-monomenthyl glutarate, 3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol--(Coolact
10), 2-1-menthoxyethanol (Cooltact 5), TK10 Coolact (3-1-Menthoxy
propane-1,2-diol), Evercool 180 (N-p-benzeneacetonitrile-menthane
carboxamide), and combinations thereof. Cooling sensates can be
present from about 0.005% to about 10%, by weight of the oral care
composition, from about 0.05% to about 7%, by weight of the oral
care composition, or from about 0.01% to about 5%, by weight of the
oral care composition.
[0187] Non-limiting examples of warming sensates can include TK
1000, TK 1 MM, Heatenol--Sensient Flavors, Optaheat--Symrise
Flavors, Cinnamon, Polyethylene glycol, Capsicum, Capsaicin, Curry,
FSI Flavors, Isobutavan, Ethanol, Glycerin, Nonivamide 60162807,
Hotact VEE, Hotact 1MM, piperine, optaheat 295 832, optaheat 204
656, optaheat 200 349, and combinations thereof. Warming sensates
can be present from about 0.005% to about 60%, by weight on a dry
filament basis, from about 0.05% to about 50%, by weight on a dry
filament basis, or from about 0.01% to about 40%, by weight on a
dry filament basis. Warming sensates can be present from about
0.005% to about 10%, by weight of the oral care composition, from
about 0.05% to about 7%, by weight of the oral care composition, or
from about 0.01% to about 5%, by weight of the oral care
composition.
Non-limiting examples of tingling sensates can include sichuan
pepper, hydroxy alpha sanshool, citric acid, Jambu extracts,
spilanthol, and combinations thereof. Tingling sensates can be
present from about 0.005% to about 10%, by weight on a dry filament
basis or the oral care composition, from about 0.01% to about 7%,
by weight on a dry filament basis or the oral care composition, or
from about 0.015% to about 6%, by weight on a dry filament basis or
the oral care composition.
[0188] Sensates can be formed within the fibrous composition, added
to the surface of the fibrous composition, or included in the
nonfibrous composition.
Sweeteners
[0189] The oral care composition can optionally include one or more
sweeteners. Sweeteners can be natural or artificial. Non-limiting
examples of sweeteners can include nutritive sweeteners, sugar
alcohols, synthetic sweeteners, high intensity natural sweeteners,
and combinations thereof. All sweeteners can be present from about
0.05% to about 60%, by weight of the oral care composition, from
about 0.1% to about 50%, by weight of the oral care composition, or
from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the oral care
composition.
[0190] Non-limiting examples of nutritive sweeteners can include
sucrose, dextrose, glucose, fructose, lactose, tagatose, maltose,
trehalose, and combinations thereof. Nutritive sweeteners can be
present from about 0.1% to about 60%, by weight of the oral care
composition, from about 1% to about 50%, by weight of the oral care
composition, or from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the oral
care composition.
[0191] Non-limiting examples of sugar alcohols can include xylitol,
sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, erythritol, and
combinations thereof. Sugar alcohols can be present from about 0.1%
to about 60%, by weight of the oral care composition, from about
0.11% to about 50%, by weight of the oral care composition, or from
about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the oral care
composition.
[0192] Non-limiting examples of synthetic sweeteners can include
aspartame, acesulfame potassium, alitame, sodium saccharin,
sucralose, neotame, cyclamate, and combinations thereof. Synthetic
sweeteners can be present from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight
of the oral care composition, from about 0.1% to about 5%, by
weight of the oral care composition, or from about 0.25% to about
4%, by weight of the oral care composition.
[0193] Non-limiting examples of high intensity natural sweeteners
can include neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, stevioside, rebaudioside
A, rebaudioside C, dulcoside, monoammonium glycrrhizinate,
thaumatin, and combinations thereof. High intensity natural
sweeteners can be present from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight
of the oral care composition, from about 0.1% to about 5%, by
weight of the oral care composition, or from about 0.25% to about
4%, by weight of the oral care composition.
[0194] Sweeteners can be formed within the nonwoven web, added to
the surface of the nonwoven web, or included in the nonfibrous
composition.
Salivation Agents
[0195] The oral care composition can optionally include one or more
salivation agents. Non-limiting examples of salivation agents
include formula (I):
##STR00003##
wherein R.sub.1 represents C1-C2 n-alkyl; R.sub.2 is
2-methyl-1-propyl and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3
taken together is a moiety (designated by the dashed lines) having
the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n-- wherein n is 4 or 5, and
combinations thereof.
[0196] The salivating agent can comprise a material wherein R.sub.2
is 2-methyl-1-propyl and R3 is hydrogen or the salivating agent can
comprise a material wherein R.sub.1 is C1 n-alkyl, R.sub.2 is
2-methyl-1-propyl and R.sub.3 is hydrogen. The salivating agent can
comprise trans-pellitorin, a chemical having a structure according
to formula (II):
##STR00004##
[0197] The salivation agent can include sodium bicarbonate, sodium
chloride, trans pelitorin, pilocarpine, citrate, and combinations
thereof. Salivation agents can be present from about 1% to about
60%, from about 1% to about 50%, or from about 1% to about 40%, by
weight of the oral care composition. Additionally, salivation
agents can be present from about 0.005% to about 10%, by weight of
the oral care composition, from about 0.01% to about 7%, by weight
of the oral care composition, or from about 0.015% to about 6%, by
weight of the oral care composition.
[0198] Salivation agents can be formed within the fibrous
composition, added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or
included in the nonfibrous composition.
Thickening Agent
[0199] The oral care compositions herein may include one or more
thickening agents. A thickening agent may be used in an amount from
about 0.01% to about 15%, or from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from
about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the oral care composition.
Non-limiting examples may include those described in US
2008/0081023 A1 at paragraphs 134 to 137, and the references cited
therein.
[0200] The oral care composition can comprise a linear sulfated
polysaccharide as a thickening agent. Carrageenans or carrageenins
are one example of a linear sulfated polysaccharide. Generally,
carrageenans can vary based upon the degree of sulfation that
includes: Kappa-carrageenan, Iota-carrageenan, and
Lambda-carrageenan. Combinations of carrageenans can be used. The
oral care composition can contain from about 0.1% to about 3%, of a
linear sulfated polysaccharides by weight of the oral care
composition, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.6% to about
1.8%, or combinations thereof.
[0201] The oral care composition can comprise a silica agent,
preferably a thickening silica obtained from sodium silicate
solution by destabilizing with acid as to yield very fine
particles. One commercially available example is ZEODENT.RTM.
branded silicas from Huber Engineered Materials (e.g., ZEODENT.RTM.
103, 124, 113 115, 163, 165, 167). The oral care composition can
include from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the oral care
composition of a silica agent, preferably from about 1% to about
4%, alternatively from about 1.5% to about 3.5%, alternatively from
about 2% to about 3%, alternatively from about 2% to about 5%
alternatively from about 1% to 3%, alternatively combinations
thereof.
[0202] The thickening agent can comprise a carboxymethyl cellulose
("CMC"). CMC is prepared from cellulose by treatment with alkali
and monochloro-acetic acid or its sodium salt. Different varieties
are commercially characterized by viscosity. One commercially
available example is Aqualon.TM. branded CMC from Ashland Special
Ingredients (e.g., Aqualon.TM. 7H3SF; Aqualon.TM. 9 M3SF
Aqualon.TM. TM9A; Aqualon.TM. TM12A). The thickening agent can
contain from about 0.1% to about 3% of a CMC by weight of the oral
care composition, preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%,
alternatively from about 0.6% to about 1.8%, alternatively
combinations thereof.
[0203] Thickening agents can be formed within the fibrous
composition, added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or
included in the nonfibrous composition.
Chelants
[0204] The oral care compositions of the present invention can
comprise one or more chelants, also known as chelating agents. The
term "chelant", as used herein means a bi- or multidentate ligand
having at least two groups capable of binding to metal ions and
preferably other divalent or polyvalent metal ions and which, at
least as part of a chelant mixture, is capable of solubilizing tin
ions or other optional metal ions within the oral care composition.
Groups capable of binding to metal ions include carboxyl, hydroxl,
and amine groups.
[0205] Suitable chelants herein include C.sub.2-C.sub.6
dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids, such as succinic acid, malic
acid, tartaric acid and citric acid; C.sub.3-C.sub.6 monocarboxylic
acids substituted with hydroxyl, such as gluconic acid; picolinic
acid; amino acids such as glycine; salts thereof and mixtures
thereof. The chelants can also be a polymer or copolymer in which
the chelating ligands are on the same or adjacent monomer
[0206] Preferred chelant polymers are polyacids selected from the
group consisting of a homopolymer of a monomer, a co-polymer of two
or more different monomers, and a combination thereof wherein the
monomer or at least one of the two or more different monomers is
selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic
acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid,
citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, fumaric acid and tiglic acid.
Particularly preferred is a methylvinylether/maleic acid (PVM/MA)
copolymer. Other useful chelants include polyphosphates, as
discussed herein.
[0207] Preferred organic acid chelants herein comprise citrate,
malate, tatirate, gluconate, succinate, lactate, malonate, maleate,
and mixtures thereof, whether added in their free acid or salt
forms.
[0208] The oral care compositions of the present invention can have
low levels of chelants because metals ions can require less
stabilization if introduced in a fibrous composition, a nonfibrous
composition, or physically separated from other reactive components
of the oral care composition, which can be added in a separate web
layer or in the nonfibrous composition. The oral care composition
can have less than about 5%, less than about 1%, less than about
0.5%, less than 0.1%, less than about 0.01%, or 0% of chelants, by
weight of the oral care composition. Chelants can be formed within
the fibrous composition, added to the surface of the fibrous
composition, or included in the nonfibrous composition.
Whitening Agents
[0209] The oral care composition may further comprise from about
0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 1% to
about 5%, or from about 1% to about 15%, by weight of the total
oral care composition of a whitening agent. The whitening agent can
be a compound suitable for whitening at least one tooth in the oral
cavity. The whitening agent may include peroxides, metal chlorites,
perborates, percarbonates, peroxyacids, persulfates, and
combinations thereof. Suitable peroxides include solid peroxides,
urea peroxide, calcium peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, sodium peroxide,
barium peroxide, inorganic peroxides, hydroperoxides, organic
peroxides, and mixtures thereof. Suitable metal chlorites include
calcium chlorite, barium chlorite, magnesium chlorite, lithium
chlorite, sodium chlorite, and potassium chlorite. Other suitable
whitening agents include sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate,
peroxydone, 6-phthalimido peroxy hexanoic acid,
Pthalamidoperoxycaproic acid, or mixtures thereof.
[0210] Whitening agents can be reactive with other components of
oral care compositions, thus, can be separated from other
components using the assembly design described herein. Whitening
agents can be formed within the fibrous composition, added to the
surface of the fibrous composition, or included in the nonfibrous
composition.
Bioactive Materials
[0211] The oral care composition can also include bioactive
materials suitable for the remineralization of a tooth. Suitable
bioactive materials include bioactive glasses, Novamin.TM.,
Recaldent.TM. hydroxyapatite, amino acids, such as, for example,
arginine, citrulline, glycine, lysine, or histidine, or
combinations thereof. Other suitable bioactive materials include
any calcium phosphate compound. Other suitable bioactive materials
include compounds comprising a calcium source and a phosphate
source.
[0212] Bioactive glasses are comprising calcium and/or phosphate
which can be present in a proportion that is similar to
hydroxyapatite. These glasses can bond to the tissue and are
biocompatible. Bioactive glasses can include a phosphopeptide, a
calcium source, phosphate source, a silica source, a sodium source,
and/or combinations thereof.
[0213] The oral care composition can comprise from about 0.01% to
about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about
10% of a bioactive material by weight of the oral care
composition.
[0214] Bioactive materials can be formed within the fibrous
composition, added to the surface of the fibrous composition, or
included in the nonfibrous composition.
Nonfibrous Compositions
[0215] The components described herein can optionally be present,
at least partially, as a nonfibrous composition. The nonfibrous
composition can be between two or more web layers, folded inside at
least one web layer, rolled inside at least web layer, or wrapped
in at least one web layer. At least a portion of the nonfibrous
composition can contact the surface of a fibrous composition. The
nonfibrous composition can be liquid, solid, aqueous, and/or
combinations thereof.
[0216] The nonfibrous composition may comprise an oral care active,
aesthetic agent, abrasive, fluoride ion source, web forming
material, metal ion source, polyphosphate, chelant, anti-calculus
agent, thickening agent, polymer, surfactant, bioactive material
and/or combinations thereof.
[0217] The nonfibrous composition can be from about 10% to about
90%, from about 20% to about 85%, from about 30% to about 80%, from
about 40% to about 75%, from about 50% to about 80%, from about 50%
to about 90%, or from about 60% to about 80% by weight of the oral
care composition.
[0218] The density of the nonfibrous composition can be from about
0.05 g/cm.sup.3 to about 5 g/cm.sup.3, from about 0.75 g/cm.sup.3
to about 1.9 g/cm.sup.3, from about 1 g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.75
g/cm.sup.3, or from about 1.4 g/cm.sup.3 to about 1.8
g/cm.sup.3.
Coating Composition
[0219] The components described herein can optionally be present,
at least partially, as a coating composition. The coating
composition can be applied to the fibrous composition, web, or the
oral care composition. The coating composition at least partially
covers or covers an outer surface of the fibrous composition or the
web. The coating composition can cover an outer surface of the oral
care composition putting the coating composition in position to
immediately contact the target surface (e.g. saliva in the mouth)
during use for the release of the oral care active(s) and/or
aesthetic agent(s).
[0220] The coating composition of the present invention may
comprise one or more oral care actives as defined herein. The
coating composition of the present invention may comprise one or
more aesthetic agents as defined herein.
[0221] The fibrous composition, web, or oral care composition may
comprise one or more oral care actives which can be the same or
different from the oral care active present in the coating
composition. The fibrous composition, web, or oral care composition
can comprise a delayed delivery, an extended delivery oral care
active, and/or a targeted delivery oral care active and the coating
composition comprises an immediate delivery oral care active. The
fibrous composition, web, or oral care composition can comprise one
or more aesthetic agents which can be the same or different from
the aesthetic agent in the coating composition.
[0222] The coating composition can also be entrapped within the
fibrous composition or the web. Thus, the particles of the coating
composition can fit within the void between the fibers or filaments
when formed into a web using any suitable means.
Releasable Components
[0223] Oral care actives, aesthetic agents, or other components in
the oral care composition can be designed to be releasable upon a
suitable triggering condition. The releasable components can be
releasable on the same or a different triggering condition. For
example, a flavor encapsulate can be releasable upon a shear rate
associated with a user brushing at least one tooth. A fluoride ion
source can be releasable upon contact with water. This can allow
for oral care actives or aesthetic agents to be released at a
designable time. For example, a flavor can be released 1 seconds
after brushing while a colorant can be releasable after a user has
brushed for two minutes to indicate a suitable brushing time has
passed. Aesthetic agents or oral care actives can be delivered
sequentially or simultaneous with other aesthetic agents or oral
care actives.
Graphics
[0224] Graphics can be printed directly on the oral care
compositions. Suitable graphics include graphics to match flavors,
graphics of sports teams logos or names, graphics to match
directions for use, such as use at a particular time of day, after
consuming a certain food or drink, or the type of brush to use,
marketing material, colors, designs, logos, graphics depicting
fictional and nonfictional characters, graphics tied to a consumer
benefit, flags, phrases, catch phrases, motivational quotes,
branding material, company information, ingredient lists, animals,
or other suitable graphics to convey information directly on the
oral care compositions. Graphics can be printed on each side of the
oral care composition. Graphics can be the same or different on
each side of the oral care composition.
Dissolution Time
[0225] The oral care compositions of the present invention can be
described by their dissolution times. The oral care compositions of
the present invention dissolve much quicker than a comparable paste
dentifrice. Oral care compositions comprising a fibrous composition
of the present invention can have a total dissolution time
according to the dissolution method, as described herein, of less
about 1000 seconds, less than about 750 seconds, less than about
500 seconds, less than about 250 seconds, from about 50 seconds to
about 250 seconds, or from about 50 seconds to about 500 seconds
per dose of oral care composition. Foam compositions of the present
invention can have a total dissolution time according to the
dissolution method described herein of less than about 50 seconds,
less than about 30 seconds, or less than about 20 seconds per dose
of the foam composition. Comparable dentifrice paste formulations
have dissolution times of greater than 1000 seconds which is not
suitable for a unit-dose oral care composition that needs to
dissolve upon contact with moisture in the oral cavity.
Fluoride Uptake
[0226] The oral care compositions, as described herein, can be
described according its average fluoride uptake by HAP dissolution.
The oral care compositions of the present invention have a higher
average F uptake despite also comprising components that are
typically avoided or carefully avoided due to reactivity with
fluoride ions. For example, the oral care compositions can have an
average fluoride uptake of at least 1000 ppm, at least 1500 ppm, or
at least 2000 ppm despite comprising a fluoride ion source and a
calcium ion source, which can react to form precipitated calcium
fluoride prior to use by a consumer. The oral care compositions, as
described herein, physically separate the fluoride ion source from
the calcium ion source in a different nonwoven web layers, in
separate portions, in separate compositions of the oral care
compositions, or in a soluble solid phase. The physical separation
of these components have been previously difficult to achieve.
Unit-dose oral care compositions, such as pouches, solid foams, or
soluble fibrous compositions, provide the chassis that can
physically separate fluoride ions from calcium ions during storage,
but also allows them to be combinable upon dissolution and/or
disintegration in the oral cavity.
Tin Ion Uptake
[0227] The oral care compositions, as described herein, can be
described according its average tin ion uptake by HAP dissolution.
The oral care compositions of the present invention have a higher
average Sn uptake despite also comprising components that are
typically avoided or carefully formulated due to reactivity with
tin ions. For example, the oral care compositions can have an
average tin ion uptake of at least 5000 ppm, at least 10000 ppm, or
at least 20000 ppm despite comprising a tin ion source and a
polyphosphate, silica abrasive, etc., which can react to form tin
complexes that low the tin ion availability prior to use by a
consumer. The oral care compositions, as described herein,
physically separate the metal ion source from polyphosphates,
silica abrasives, or other chelants in a different nonwoven web
layers, in separate portions, in separate compositions of the oral
care compositions, or in a soluble solid phase. The physical
separation of these components have been previously difficult to
achieve. Unit-dose oral care compositions, such as pouches, solid
foams, or soluble fibrous compositions, provide the chassis that
can physically separate metal ions from other reactive components
during storage, but also allows them to be combinable upon
dissolution and/or disintegration in the oral cavity.
Morphology
[0228] The oral care composition, as described herein, can be
described by its morphology, which is unique relative to other oral
care compositions, such as dentifrice pastes and/or mouth rinses.
For example, the unit-dose oral care composition comprising a
fibrous composition can be a nonwoven web of fiber and/or
filaments. The unit-dose oral care composition comprising a solid
soluble foam composition can have voids within a solid foam network
connected by struts. The solid soluble foam compositions can have a
mean void volume percentage, or the ratio between void-space to the
total space occupied by the foam, of at least about 75%, at least
about 85% or at least about 88%. In contrast, the fibrous
compositions can have a mean void volume of from about 15% to about
75%, from about 15% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 75%, or
from about 35% to about 70%. Dentifrice pastes and/or mouth rinses
would have mean void volume percentages of less than 15% prior to
use by a consumer.
[0229] Solid soluble foam compositions can have an average pore
size of greater than about 0.1 mm, greater than about 0.2 mm, or
greater than about 0.3 mm. In contrast, the fibrous compositions
can have an average pore size of from about 0.001 mm to about 0.1
mm, from about 0.01 mm to about 0.05 mm, or from about 0.01 mm to
about 0.1 mm. Dentifrice pastes and/or mouth rinses would not be
expected to have pores until use by a consumer since they are
liquids and/or pastes.
[0230] Solid soluble foam compositions can have a surface area of
from about 50 mm.sup.-1 to about 150 mm.sup.-1, from about 75
mm.sup.-1 to about 160 mm.sup.-1, or from about 100 mm.sup.-1 to
about 150 mm.sup.-1. In contrast, the surface of fibrous
compositions can be at least about 150 mm.sup.-1, at least about
200 mm.sup.-1, or at least about 250 mm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLES
[0231] The following examples further describe and demonstrate
embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples
are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be
construed as limitations of the present invention, as many
variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention. All exemplified amounts are
concentrations by weight of the total composition, i.e., wt/wt
percentages, unless otherwise specified.
Unit-Dose Oral Care Compositions
[0232] Fibrous Unit-Dose Compositions
[0233] Fibrous unit-dose oral care compositions were assembled from
a fibrous composition and a nonfibrous composition. The fibrous
composition was made by first adding USP water to a batch mixing
tank. The target amount of water is 60 wt % including the water
introduced with any aqueous components, thus, the actual amount of
the components added varies based on the batch size and the target
composition. Next, the target amount of xylitol was added to the
batch mixing tank while mixing at 60 rpm. The target amount of
polyvinyl alcohol was added to the batch mixing tank. The batch
mixing tank was heated to 80.degree. C. The mixture was heated and
stirred for 2 hours at 80.degree. C. and 120 rpm.
[0234] The target amount of sodium lauryl sulfate and
cocamidopropyl betaine were added in succession as aqueous
solutions. Next, sucralose was then added to the mixture. Finally,
the fluoride ion source was then added, if desired. The fibrous
composition melt was allowed to degas over night while being
stirred at 70.degree. C.
[0235] The fibrous composition melt was allowed to cool to
40.degree. C. and the fibrous composition melt was spun into
filaments and/or fibers. The fibrous composition melt was
transferred from the batch mixing tank to the fiber spinning die.
Fibers and/or filaments were extruded via a Biax-fiberfilm
multi-row capillary die at 60.degree. C. The fibers and/or
filaments were attenuated and dried with hot air to have less than
5% moisture. The fibers and/or filaments were collected on a belt
as the fibrous composition.
[0236] The nonfibrous composition was synthesized by adding the
components listed in TABLE 1 to PEG-12 with mechanical mixing to
create a slurry.
[0237] The fibrous unit-dose compositions were assembled by placing
a first strip of the fibrous composition onto a die plate. Cavities
in the fibrous composition were made by applying force within each
die well. The nonfibrous composition was applied to the interior of
the cavity with a dropper. A second strip of fibrous composition
was placed on top of the die plate. Pressure was applied to cut and
bond the edges of the first and second fibrous composition layers.
The dose was removed the die cutter and the process was repeated
for each dose.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Fibrous Unit-Dose Compositions Fiber Fiber
Fiber Ex. 1 (% Ex. 2 (% Ex. 3 (% Location Ingredient total wt)
total wt) total wt) Fibrous Sodium Lauryl 7.55 12.10 10.88
Composition Sulfate Cocamidopropyl 0.12 0.36 0.33 Betaine Polyvinyl
Alcohol.sup.1 8.27 10.31 6.40 Sodium Saccharin 1.66 1.88 1.28
Xylitol 7.78 8.91 6.01 Sucralose 0.02 0.12 0.08 NaF -- 0.86 --
Nonfibrous PEG-12 19.67 16.87 20.49 Composition Silica 32.79 29.10
31.35 Sodium 16.39 14.55 16.50 Hexametaphosphate Flavors/Dyes 5.75
4.95 5.91 NaF -- -- 0.30 .sup.1Mixture of PVA403 and PVA 420H
[0238] Solid Foam Unit-Dose Compositions
[0239] Solid foam compositions were prepared according to U.S.
Patent Application No. 2011/0027328, in accordance with paragraphs
170 and 171, which are herein incorporated by reference. Foam Ex.
1A was prepared identically to Example 1 from U.S. Patent
Application No. 2011/0027328.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Foam Example 1A Prior to Calculated Drying
Concentrated Component (wt %) Dose (wt %) Distilled Water 65.00 --
Glycerin 4.00 12.45 Polyvinyl Alcohol 7.50 23.35 Sodium Lauryl
Sulfate (28%) 4.00 3.49 Polysorbate 80 7.00 21.79 Sodium Acid
Pyrophosphate 8.86 27.58 Sodium Saccharin 1.00 3.11 Sodium Fluoride
0.64 1.99 Flavor 2.00 6.23
[0240] Foam Ex. 1A was prepared by first combining distilled water
and the glycerin in an appropriately sized and cleaned vessel. The
mixture was stirred at 100-300 rpm. The polyvinyl alcohol (Kurraray
POVAL.TM. 32-80) was weighed into a suitable container and slowly
added to the water-glycerin mixture in small increments using a
spatula while continuing to stir the mixture to avoid the formation
of visible lumps. The mixing speed was adjusted to minimize foaming
of the mixture at this stage of the process. The
water-glycerin-polyvinyl alcohol mixture was heated to 75.degree.
C. Once at 75.degree. C., sodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate 80
(Tween.RTM. 80) were added to the mixture. The temperature was
allowed to equilibrate at 75.degree. C. after the addition of the
sodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate 80. The temperature of the
mixture was heated to 85.degree. C. and then allowed to cool to
room temperature (.about.23.degree. C.). The remaining ingredients
were added while continuing to mix.
[0241] A portion of the mixture was transferred to a 5 quart
stainless steel KITCHENAID.RTM. Mixer (Model KSSS, Hobart Corp.,
Troy, Ohio) and fitted with a flat beater attachment. The mixture
was vigorously aerated at high speed for 30 seconds. A portion of
the resulting aerated mixture was spread with a spatula and placed
into a 75.degree. C. convection oven for 30 minutes and then placed
in a 40.degree. C. convection oven overnight for drying. U.S.
Patent Application No. 2011/0027328 states that this procedure
produced a porous solid foam composition upon drying.
Unfortunately, this was not replicated with Foam Ex. 1. Instead,
liquid mixtures of the ingredients were produced.
[0242] To determine why foams were not produced according to U.S.
Patent Application No. 2011/0027328, a series of variations to the
above methods were performed, such as changing the mixing speed,
mixing method, changing the temperatures of addition, and various
other modifications understood by a person of ordinary skill in the
art. However, none of these methods resulted in a solid soluble
foam, as described by U.S. Patent Application No. 2011/0027328,
without undue experimentation.
[0243] TABLE 3 describes how soluble solid foams were produced by
minimizing the amount of inorganic salts, specifically
pyrophosphate salts. Importantly, U.S. Patent Application No.
2011/0027328 does not disclose, teach, or suggest that the amount
of inorganic salts must be minimized in order to produce solid
soluble foams.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Soluble Solid Foam Compositions Foam Ex.
Foam Ex. Foam Ex. Foam Ex. Foam Ex. Foam Ex. 1B (wt %) 1C (wt %) 1D
(wt %) 1 (wt %) 2 (wt %) 3 (wt %) Distilled Water 67.42 70.62 73.44
74.26 70.22 79.75 Glycerin 4.15 4.37 4.52 4.55 4.32 4.12 Polyvinyl
Alcohol 7.82 8.19 8.52 8.61 8.16 7.76 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (28%)
4.17 4.37 4.49 4.58 4.30 1.03 Polysorbate 80 7.24 7.65 7.90 8.01
7.59 7.21 Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate 9.20 4.80 1.13 -- -- -- Sodium
Saccharin -- -- -- -- -- -- Sodium Fluoride -- -- -- -- -- --
Flavor -- -- -- -- -- -- Silica -- -- -- -- 5.41 -- Cetyl
Pyridinium Chloride -- -- -- -- -- 0.13 Foam Produced? No No Yes
Yes Yes Yes
[0244] TABLE 3 describes how solid soluble foams were produced. In
Foam Ex. 1B, the flavor, saccharin, and sodium fluoride were
removed from the procedure to produce Foam Ex. 1A described above,
but did not result in a foam. Foam Ex. 1C was identical to Foam 1B,
but had half the amount of sodium acid pyrophosphate, but still did
not result in a solid soluble foam composition. However,
unexpectedly, by lowering the amount of the pyrophosphate to be
approximately 1% (Foam Ex. 1D), a solid soluble foam composition
was prepared. Foam Ex. 1 was identical to Foam Ex. 1D, except it
had no pyrophosphate. Foam Ex. 1 also resulted in a solid soluble
foam composition.
[0245] Thus, unexpectedly, pyrophosphate interfered with the
ability to produce a solid soluble foam composition as described by
U.S. Patent Application No. 2011/0027328. Importantly, U.S. Patent
Application No. 2011/0027328 does not disclose, teach, or suggest
that the amount of pyrophosphate must be minimized in order to
produce solid soluble foams. In fact, U.S. Patent Application No.
2011/0027328 only teaches example foam compositions with a high
amount of pyrophosphate. As such, it was unexpectedly found here
that pyrophosphate interfered with the foam composition formation
process.
[0246] Foam Ex. 2 and 3, based off Example 2 and Example 3 of U.S.
Patent Application No. 2011/0027328, were prepared as previously
described, except for the absence of pyrophosphate. The flavor and
fluoride ion source were not added, but were not expected to impact
the foam composition formation as shown based on a comparison of
Ex. 1A to Ex. 1B. Foam Ex. 2 and Foam Ex. 3 resulted in solid
soluble foam compositions.
Dissolution Time of Fibrous Compositions
[0247] Fibrous compositions (from Fiber Ex. 3 without a nonfibrous
composition) with a basis weight of 190 gram/m.sup.2 were cut into
individual pieces with an oval shaped die cutter. The surface area
of each piece was 17.3 cm.sup.2. An individual oval shaped piece
was placed in a flexible polystyrene weighing boat (85 mm.times.85
mm.times.24 mm). 10 mL of tap water (Greater Cincinnati Water
Works, Cincinnati, Ohio) was acquired in a small beaker. The tap
water was added to the weighing boat. The time to dissolve the
fibrous composition was measured with a stop watch as the time from
when the water was completely added until the fibrous composition
was fully hydrated and no white particles were visible to the naked
eye. Samples were repeated at least six times and averaged.
[0248] Different densities of the fibrous composition samples were
obtained by adjusting the spinning settings during production. The
lower density sample has a higher thickness. The results of the
dissolution time of the nonwoven web samples are presented in TABLE
4. Unexpectedly, the lower density sample had a higher dissolution
time than the higher density sample. However, both samples
dissolved very quickly relative to the dentifrice paste samples of
TABLE 5. While not wishing to being bound by theory, the increased
density might lead to a quicker dissolution time due to the
increased concentration of polyvinyl alcohol molecules, which can
hydrogen bond with water molecules.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Density vs. Dissolution Time of Fibrous
Composition of Fiber Ex. 3 Density of Fibrous Dissolution
Composition Time (s) (g/mL) Lower Density Sample 20 0.18 Higher
Density Sample 5 0.24
Dissolution Time of Unit-Dose Dentifrice Samples
[0249] The dissolution time of each unit-dose oral care composition
was determined as follows. A magnetic stirring rod (11/2.times.
5/16'') was placed into a 250 mL beaker. Next, 50 mL of distilled
water was added. The temperature of the distilled water was then
equilibrated to the testing temperature (37.degree. C.). The 250 mL
beaker was placed on a magnetic stirrer with temperature control.
The unit was set to maintain the 37.degree. C. temperature. The
stirring function was turned on to maintain a stir speed of between
400 rpm and 600 rpm.
[0250] A single dose of each oral care composition was then dropped
into the vortex of stirring water in the 250 mL beaker. For the
fibrous or foam unit-dose compositions, a unit (.about.300 mg) of
each composition was dropped into the beaker. If comparative paste
was being tested, an approximately 1 g dose of dentifrice was
placed on a microscope slide. The dose of paste dentifrice was
scraped into the vortex of water with a metal spatula. A timer was
started upon the contact of the oral care composition (either
fibrous unit-dose or paste) with the water in the beaker.
[0251] Dissolution occurred when all paste or unit-dose fragments
were at a size of less than 2 mm in diameter. At least three
replicates of each sample were performed and the dissolution time
was averaged. The total time elapsed per dose was reported in
seconds as the Average Total Dissolution Time Per Dose (s).
Additionally, the Average Total Dissolution Time Per Dose was
divided by the average weight of each sample to determine the
dissolution per gram of material as the Dissolution Time (s/g). The
Average Total Dissolution Time Per Dose (s) and Dissolution Time
(s/g) can be found in TABLE 5.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Dissolution of Dentifrice Doses Average
Total Dissolution Time Dissolution Sample Per Dose (s) Time (s/g)
Fiber Ex. 1 90 296 Fiber Ex. 2 228 648 Fiber Ex. 3 61 201 Foam Ex.
1 13 42 Foam Ex. 2 12 39 Foam Ex. 1D 18 59 Crest .RTM. Complete
Whitening 1457 1431 Crest .RTM. Gum Detoxify .TM. 1468 1432 Colgate
.RTM. Total .RTM. Whitening 1049 1039
[0252] The commercial dentifrice paste examples had the longest
dissolution times per dose of over 1000 seconds for each sample.
The unit dose oral care compositions had significantly quicker
average total dissolution time per dose. Fiber Ex. 1-3 had average
total dissolution times per dose of between 61 and 228 seconds
while Foam Ex. 1, 2, and 1D had average total dissolution times per
dose of between 12 and 18 seconds. As described herein, a quick
dissolution time can lead to targeted delivery upon contact with
water and/or saliva and a low residue performance.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Dissolution of Fiber Ex. 3 stored at
different conditions Average Total Dissolution Time Dissolution
Fiber Ex. 3 Per Dose (s) Time (s/g) 15% humidity 61 201 60%
humidity 48 160 75% humidity 48 160
[0253] TABLE 6 shows the effect of the storage humidity on the
dissolution time of Fiber Ex. 3. Fiber Ex. 3 was placed in an open
container within each of the three humidity conditions. The 15%
humidity condition was the ambient conditions at the testing
laboratory (Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio). The 60% and 75%
humidity conditions were prepared within a sealed container. Each
sample was stored in the selected humidity conditions for 2 hours.
The dissolution time of the samples was determined as described in
the Dissolution Time of Unit-Dose Samples section.
[0254] The 15% humidity sample had an average total dissolution
time per dose of 61 seconds. However, the average dissolution time
per dose decreased upon storage at a higher humidity, which were
selected to replicate conditions normally experienced in a
residential bathroom, where oral care compositions are normally
stored. While the average total dissolution time per dose dropped
when the humidity was raised to 60% (from 15%), the average total
dissolution time per dose was not impacted upon a further humidity
increase to 75%. This may indicate that the sample initially
hydrates upon exposure to moisture, but that a higher humidity
(outside of actual contact with water) would not exponentially
impact the dissolution time of the unit-dose oral care
compositions.
Mechanical Properties of Unit-Dose Oral Care Compositions
TABLE-US-00007 [0255] TABLE 7 Mechanical Properties of Unit-Dose
Oral Care Compositions Yield Stress Ultimate Tensile Fail (KPa)
Strength (KPa) Strain (%) Foam Ex. 1 90.5 360.0 218.9 Fiber Ex. 3*
1128.3 2272.8 71.1 *Fibrous composition of Fiber Ex. 3
[0256] In order to determine the mechanical properties of TABLE 7,
Foam Ex. 1 and the fibrous composition of Fiber Ex. 3 were cut into
a 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) strip and loaded onto a Vantage NX Tensile
Tester (Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, West Berlin, N.J.) with a
starting gap between the two clamps of 0.5 inch.
[0257] Mechanical tests were conducted by expanding the gap from
the starting gap (0.5 in) at a constant strain rate of 2 inches
(50.8 mm) per minute at ambient conditions (23.degree. C.) until
the sample broke. The tensile results are presented in TABLE 7.
[0258] Fiber Ex. 3 had a yield stress value of 1128.3 KPa while
Foam Ex. 1 had a yield stress value of only 90.5 KPa. Fiber Ex. 3
had a had an ultimate tensile strength of 2272.8 KPa, while the
Foam Ex. 1 had an ultimate tensile strength of 360 KPa. In
contrast, the fail strain of Foam Ex. 1 was 218.9% while the fail
strain of the Fiber Ex. 3 was 71.1%.
Morphology and Structural Characteristics of Unit-Dose
Compositions
[0259] The morphology and structural characteristics of Foam Ex. 1
and the fibrous composition of Fiber Ex. 3 were analyzed by micro
computed tomography (micro-CT). 3D x-ray sample imaging was
obtained on a the Scanco .mu.CT 50 (Scanco Medical AG,
Bruttisellen, Switzerland). The micro-CT instrument was a cone beam
microtomograph with a shielded cabinet. A maintenance-free x-ray
tube was used as the source with an adjustable diameter focal spot.
The x-ray beam passed through each sample, where some of the x-rays
were attenuated by material in each sample. The extent of
attenuation correlated to the density of material the x-rays passed
through. The transmitted x-rays continued on to the digital
detector array and generated a 2D projection image of the sample.
Thus, denser materials required a higher energy to penetrate and
appear brighter (higher attenuation), while void areas appeared
darker (lower attenuation). Intensity differences in grey levels
were used to distinguish between void and non-void areas of the
sample. A 3D image of the sample was generated by collecting
several individual 2D projection images of the sample as it is
rotated, which were then reconstructed into a single 3D image. The
instrument is interfaced with a computer running software to
control the image acquisition and save the raw data. A 3D image of
the fibrous composition of Fiber Ex. 3 is at FIG. 1 while a 3D
image of Foam Ex. 1 is at FIG. 2. Quantitative measurements are
provided in TABLE 8.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Structural Characteristics of Unit-Dose
Compositions Mean Void Average Average Volume Surface Strut/Fiber
Pore Percentage Area Size (mm) Size (mm) (%) (mm.sup.-1) Foam
0.0216 .+-. 0.0078 0.386 .+-. 0.2330 88.62 139 Ex. 1 Fiber 0.0141
.+-. 0.0042 0.0238 .+-. 0.0087 67.47 256 Ex. 3* *Fibrous
composition of Fiber Ex. 3
[0260] As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, Fiber Ex. 3 is a nonwoven
web of fibers and/or filaments while Foam Ex. 1 had spherical pores
of different sizes, which generated an overall porous structure.
The average thickness of the struts in the Foam Ex. 1 was greater
than the thickness of the fibers in Fiber Ex. 3. The average pore
size of Foam Ex. 1 was 0.386 mm while the average pore (or voids
between fibers) was 0.0238 mm for Fiber Ex. 3. The mean void volume
percentage of Foam Ex. 1 was 88.62% while the mean void volume
percentage of the Fiber Ex. 3 was 67.47%. In total, this leads to a
surface area for the Foam Ex. 1 of 139 mm.sup.-1 and a surface area
for the Fiber Ex. 3 of 256 mm.sup.-1. However, the surface area of
the unit-dose compositions is expected to be much higher than the
surface area for paste compositions, which lead to the quick
dissolution times presented in TABLE 5.
[0261] Void Volume Percentage is the ratio between void-space to
the total space occupied by the foam of fiber. Porosity was be
calculated from .mu.CT scans by segmenting the void space via
thresholding and determining the ratio of void voxels to total
voxels.
[0262] To characterize pore-size distribution, and the
strut/fiber-size in the height-direction, Local Thickness Map
algorithm (LTM) was implemented on the subvolume dataset. The LTM
Method started with a Euclidean Distance Mapping (EDM) which
assigned grey level values equal to the distance each void voxel is
from its nearest boundary. Based on the EDM data, the 3D void space
representing pores (or the 3D solid space representing
struts/fibers) was tessellated with spheres sized to match the EDM
values. Voxels enclosed by the spheres were assigned the radius
value of the largest sphere. In other words, each void voxel (or
solid voxel for struts) as assigned the radial value of the largest
sphere that that both fit within the void space boundary (or solid
space boundary for struts/fibers) and includeed the assigned
voxel.
[0263] The 3D labelled sphere distribution output from the LTM data
scan was treated as a stack of two-dimensional images in the
height-direction (or Z-direction) and used to estimate the change
in sphere diameter from slice to slice as a function of foam depth.
The strut thickness was treated as a 3D dataset and an average
value was assessed for the whole or parts of the subvolume. The
calculations and measurements were done using AVIZO Lite (9.2.0)
from Thermo Fisher Scientific and MATLAB (R2018b) from
Mathworks.
[0264] The surface area of a foam or fiber was the outside layer or
uppermost layer of all foam struts or fibers. This contiguous layer
total area was assessed by converting the solid struts or fibers
into a single uppermost layer of patched/triangles surrounding the
3D volume. The individual areas of each patch/triangle was added,
providing a total surface area.
[0265] To characterize the 3D structure of the OCFs, samples were
imaged using a .mu.CT X-ray scanning instrument capable of
acquiring a dataset at high isotropic spatial resolution. One
example of suitable instrumentation is the SCANCO system model 50
.mu.CT scanner (Scanco Medical AG, Bruttisellen, Switzerland)
operated with the following settings: energy level of 70 kVp at 57
.mu.A; 3000 projections; 10 mm field of view; 800 ms integration
time; an averaging of 5; and a voxel size of 2.5 .mu.m per pixel.
After scanning and subsequent data reconstruction was complete, the
scanner system created a 16 bit data set, referred to as an ISQ
file, where grey levels reflect changes in x-ray attenuation, which
in turn relates to material density. The ISQ file was then
converted to 8 bit using a scaling factor.
[0266] Scanned foam and fiber samples are were prepared by punching
a core of approximately 14 mm in diameter. The foam punch was laid
flat on a low-attenuating foam and then mounted in a 15 mm diameter
plastic cylindrical tube for scanning. Scans of the samples were
acquired such that a 10 mm inner volume was included in the dataset
as to avoid structural modifications from the edge. From this
dataset, a smaller subvolume of the sample dataset is extracted
from the total cross section of the scanned foam or fiber, creating
a 3D slab of data, where surface area can be qualitatively assessed
accurate and promptly.
[0267] This smaller dataset was thresholded and an isosurface was
generated in Avizo without smoothing. An isosurface is a 3D analog
to an isocontour that is rendered for a mesh of polygons. The
Surface Area Volume function in Avizo adds up the area of all patch
triangles, and also assessed the volume surrounded by the
triangles.
Residue Testing
[0268] The oral care compositions of the present invention leave
less residue in sinks upon use. While not wishing to be bound by
theory, it is believed that the rapid hydration, dispersion, and/or
dissolution of the oral care compositions, as disclosed herein,
produces significantly less residue in the sink compared to
conventional toothpaste. It is further believed that the improved
dispersion of the oral care compositions, as disclosed herein, and
the properties of the expectorate generated upon use in the oral
cavity lead to a low residue composition, which more completely run
down the drain without leaving a residue to dry in the sink which
can accumulate over time.
[0269] To assess the amount of residue left in the sink after
brushing, dispersions of the present invention and conventional
dentifrices were poured onto sloped black porcelain tiles. After
the dispersions were applied to the porcelain tiles, the tiles were
air-dried and images of the tiles were captured under polarized
light photography to measure the amount of residue left on the
tiles.
[0270] To prepare the dispersions, a measured amount of composition
was added to 9 grams of room temperature (23.degree. C.) deionized
water in a 100 mL glass beaker. For the conventional dentifrice
paste, 3 grams of the dentifrice were used to create the
dispersions. A feature of the present invention is the lack of
water and humectants. Therefore, a dosage of the present invention
(0.3 grams) weighs approximately 1/3 of the amount of a typical
dentifrice usage (1 gram). Thus, for the present invention, 0.9
grams of Fiber Ex. 3 were used to create the dispersion. For each
test dispersion, a 2 inch magnetic stir bar was added and the
mixture dispersed on a Corning.RTM. stir-plate set at 600 RPM and
mixed for 1 minute.
[0271] The dispersion was immediately applied to sloped black
ceramic tiles (Cristezza Glass Subway Tile, Giorbello, Frederick,
Md.). The tiles are glossy black from the Mosaic collection and
measure 6'' long and 3'' wide. The slope of the tiles was
established by raising one end of the tile 1/2 inch to produce an
angle of 4.8 degrees relative to horizontal. The dispersed product
was poured to the high end of the tile over a 3 second period and
allow to run down the tile. The tiles remained in the sloped
position for 5 minutes to allow the dispersion to run off the tile.
After 5 minutes, the tiles were laid flat and allowed to dry for 24
hours.
[0272] After 24 hours, images of the tiles were obtained under
polarized using a digital camera. A Cannon 70 D digital camera
fitted with a 55 mm macro lens and a cross polarizing filter to
eliminate glare and specular reflection was used to capture the
images. White LED lights were equipped with polarizers and placed
on each side of the camera set at 45/0 geometry. The cross
polarization between the polarizer on the lens and the polarizers
on the lights were adjusted to maximum cross polarization using a
chrome ball. Polarizers were adjusted until the glare on the chrome
ball is minimized. A Munsell N7.5 gray standard (Munsell Color,
Grand Rapids) was used to white balance the camera and establish
the set-up. Camera settings and light intensity were set to achieve
and intensity value of 245 on all three color channels (R,G B). All
other lights in the room were off during all imaging operations.
The tile samples were placed in view of the camera such that the
entire tile is in view as well as a Munsell color checker chart.
Images were then captured for each test tile.
[0273] After the images were obtained, Adobe Photoshop CC 2019
(Adobe, San Jose, Calif.) was used to analyze the images. The
images were first converted to grayscale. Next, the rectangle
selector tool was used to select the upper 75% of the tile. The
lower 25% of the tile was not analyzed as the edge of the tile
causes an accumulation of product that would normally go down the
drain. The upper 75% of the tile means the entire width of the tile
and extending from the highest end 75% of the way down to the lower
end of the tile. Using the histogram tool, the mean value and
standard deviation of the tiles are recorded. The values can range
from 0 to 255. The blank tile produces a mean value of 6 under the
imaging conditions above. The mean value indicates how much residue
is left and the standard deviation is a measure of how uniform the
residue is on the tile. For comparison, three dentifrices were
compared to Fiber Ex. 3: Crest.RTM. Cavity Protection (Procter
& Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio), Crest.RTM. Baking Soda and
Peroxide (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio) and Colgate.RTM.
Total.RTM. Advanced Fresh Whitening (Colgate-Palmolive Corporation,
New York, N.Y.). The mean grayscale values and standard deviations
are presented in TABLE 9.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Residue Testing Mean Grayscale Standard
Composition Value Deviation Fiber Ex. 3 17.8 21.5 Crest .RTM.
Cavity Protection 37.8 53.5 (CCP) Crest Baking Soda and 29.4 31.7
Peroxide .RTM. (CBP) Colgate .RTM. Total .RTM. Advanced 112.0 71.1
Fresh Whitening (Colgate)
[0274] The lower the mean gray scale value indicated that a lower
amount of residue was remaining on the tile. TABLE 9 shows that
Fiber Ex. 3 had the lowest mean gray scale value, which indicated
that Fiber Ex. 3, when used as a dentifrice composition, would
leave the least amount of residue in the sink upon expectoration.
CBP had 60% more residue upon use, CCP had 11% more residue, and
Colgate had 530% more residue than Fiber Ex. 3 upon use.
[0275] The standard deviation value indicated how many locations on
the tile had a high amount of residue. In other words, samples with
high standard deviations would have a high amount of residue in
several different locations. Fiber Ex. 3 also had the lowest
standard deviation, which indicated that the residue was also not
in many different locations. FIG. 3-6 illustrated the residue
remaining on a black tile. Fiber Ex. 3 has the least residue
remaining.
[0276] Thus, the oral care compositions of the present invention
can also be according to how much residue is left upon
expectoration from the oral cavity according to the residue
testing, as described herein. The mean grayscale value can be less
than about 25, less than about 20, or less than about 15. None of
the commercial examples tested were able to match this mean
grayscale value.
[0277] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced
or related patent or application and any patent application or
patent to which this application claims priority or benefit
thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety
unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any
document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to
any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in
any combination with any other reference or references, teaches,
suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent
that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts
with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document
incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to
that term in this document shall govern.
[0278] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *