U.S. patent application number 17/130975 was filed with the patent office on 2021-06-03 for fusion proteins comprising a binding protein and an interleukin-15 polypeptide having a reduced affinity for il15ra and therapeutic uses thereof.
The applicant listed for this patent is DEUTSCHES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, EBERHARD KARLS UNIVERSITAT TUBINGEN. Invention is credited to Jung GUNDRAM, Cornelia LINDNER, Berit LOCHMANN, Helmut SALIH.
Application Number | 20210163564 17/130975 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005387647 |
Filed Date | 2021-06-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210163564 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GUNDRAM; Jung ; et
al. |
June 3, 2021 |
FUSION PROTEINS COMPRISING A BINDING PROTEIN AND AN INTERLEUKIN-15
POLYPEPTIDE HAVING A REDUCED AFFINITY FOR IL15Ra AND THERAPEUTIC
USES THEREOF
Abstract
The present invention relates to fusion proteins comprising a
binding protein and an IL-15 polypeptide as well as uses thereof,
pharmaceutical compositions comprising such fusion proteins and a
method for producing such fusion proteins.
Inventors: |
GUNDRAM; Jung; (Rottenburg,
DE) ; SALIH; Helmut; (Stuttgart, DE) ;
LINDNER; Cornelia; (Laupheim, DE) ; LOCHMANN;
Berit; (Mannheim, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DEUTSCHES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM
EBERHARD KARLS UNIVERSITAT TUBINGEN |
Heidelberg
Tubingen |
|
DE
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005387647 |
Appl. No.: |
17/130975 |
Filed: |
December 22, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
15556282 |
Jan 8, 2018 |
10906952 |
|
|
PCT/EP2016/054729 |
Mar 7, 2016 |
|
|
|
17130975 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07K 16/18 20130101;
C07K 16/2803 20130101; C07K 16/28 20130101; C07K 2317/732 20130101;
C07K 2319/74 20130101; C07K 2317/41 20130101; A61K 38/00 20130101;
C07K 2319/33 20130101; C07K 2319/75 20130101; C07K 19/00 20130101;
C07K 14/5443 20130101; C07K 2319/00 20130101; C07K 16/3069
20130101; C07K 2317/526 20130101; C07K 16/30 20130101; C07K 2317/72
20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07K 14/54 20060101
C07K014/54; C07K 16/28 20060101 C07K016/28; C07K 16/30 20060101
C07K016/30; C07K 19/00 20060101 C07K019/00; C07K 16/18 20060101
C07K016/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 6, 2015 |
EP |
15157911.7 |
Claims
1. A method of treating a disease comprising administering a
therapeutically effective amount of the fusion protein to a
subject, the fusion protein comprising: a) a binding protein
comprising at least one binding site, wherein the binding site
binds to an antigen associated with a target cell; and b) an IL-15
polypeptide, wherein the IL-15 polypeptide comprises at least one
amino acid substitution at one or more positions corresponding to
position(s) 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 114, and/or 115 of the amino acid
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1; thereby having a reduced affinity
for IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of
SEQ ID NO: 1 (Uniprot number: P40933-1).
2. The method protein of claim 1, wherein the binding protein is
selected from the group consisting of an antibody, a divalent
antibody fragment, a monovalent antibody fragment, or a
proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding
properties.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the target cell expresses a tumor
associated antigen (TAA) and/or an antigen associated with
autoimmune diseases.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the TAA is selected from the
group consisting of CD19, CD20, CD10, CD21, CD22, CD25, CD30, CD33,
CD34, CD37, CD38, CD44v6, CD45, CDw52, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3
(FLT-3, CD135), c-Kit (CD117), CSF1R, (CD115), CD123, CD133,
PDGFR-.alpha. (CD140a), PDGFR-.beta. (CD140b), chondroitin sulfate
proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4, melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate
proteoglycan), Muc-1, EGFR, de2-7-EGFR, EGFRvIII, Folate blocking
protein, Her2neu, Her3, PSMA, PSCA, PSA, TAG-72, HLA-DR, IGFR,
CD133, IL3R, fibroblast activating protein (FAP), Carboanhydrase IX
(MN/CA IX), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), EpCAM, CDCP1, Derlin1,
Tenascin, frizzled 1-10, the vascular antigens VEGFR2 (KDR/FLK1),
VEGFR3 (FLT4, CD309), Endoglin, CLEC14, Tem1-8, Tie2, mesothelin,
epithelial glycoprotein 2 (EGP2), epithelial glycoprotein 40
(EGP40), cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), interleukin 13 receptor
alpha-2 subunit, IL13R.alpha.2, Ig kappa light chain (.kappa.),
GD3-ganglioside (GD3), GD2-ganglioside (GD2), acetylated variants
of GD2 and GD3, CD171, NCAM, alpha folate receptor (.alpha.FR),
Lewis (Y), fetal acetylcholine receptor (FAR), avian erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ERBB3), avian erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ERBB4), avian erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), hepatocyte growth factor
receptor (HGFR/c-Met), claudin 18.2, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin
1, claudin 12, claudin 2, claudin 5, claudin 8, claudin 7, claudin
6, membrane bound CEA, Robo4, CD138, tenascin and the extra
domain-B of fibronectin.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the target cell expresses an
antigen associated with autoimmune diseases, which antigen is
selected from the group consisting of CD20, CD22, CD52 and TNFR,
CD19, CD25, CD40.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the target cell is a tumor/cancer
cell and/or a B cell.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one amino acid
substitution is selected from the group consisting of L92D, E94K,
L95D, V97D, I98D, L114D, L114E, I115D, I115E.
8. The method of claim 1, (i) wherein the IL-15 polypeptide does
not bind to IL-15R.alpha.; and/or (ii) wherein the IL-15
polypeptide binds to IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the IL-15 polypeptide comprises
at least an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, which
comprises at least one amino acid substitution at one or more
positions. at least one amino acid substitution at one or more
positions corresponding to position(s) 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 66,
and/or 67 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the fusion protein further
comprises a linker.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease is a proliferatory
or autoimmune disease.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the disease is a proliferatory
disease selected from the group consisting of adrenal cancer, anal
cancer, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain and
spinal cord tumors, breast cancer, Castleman disease, cervical
cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, esophagus cancer, Ewing
family of tumors, eye cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastrointestinal
carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST),
gestational trophoblastic disease, Hodgkin disease, Kaposi sarcoma,
kidney cancer, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, leukemia, acute
lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic
myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), liver cancer, lung cancer,
non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lung carcinoid
tumor, lymphoma, lymphoma of the skin, malignant mesothelioma,
multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, nasal cavity and
paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma,
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer,
osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, penile cancer,
pituitary tumors, prostate cancer, rectum cancer, retinoblastoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma, skin cancer,
basal and squamous cell cancer, melanoma, merkel cell cancer, small
intestine cancer, stomach cancer, testicular cancer, thymus cancer,
thyroid cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer,
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, or Wilms tumor.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the disease is an autoimmune
disease selected from the group consisting of Systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), Goodpasture's syndrome, Sarcoidosis,
Scleroderma, Rheumatoid arthritis, Dermatomyositis, Sjogren's
Syndrome, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis, Psoriasis, Vitiligo,
Alopecia areata, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Autoimmune pancreatitis,
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease, Multiple sclerosis,
Myasthenia gravis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura, Hemolytic anemia, Antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome, Pernicious anemia, Gastrointestinal diseases,
Celiac disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Autoimmune hepatitis or
Primary biliary cirrhosis.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a vertebrate
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the vertebrate is a human
being.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein side effects of the treatment
are reduced.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the side effects include at
least one of infusion reaction, elevated temperature/fever, dypnoe,
circulatory system problems, immunogenicity, hypersensitivity
reactions, immunosuppression, infections, anemia, autoimmune
haemolytic anaemia, leukopenia, thrombopenia, pancytopenia,
cytopenia, worsening heart failure, tumor lysis, cytokine release
syndrome, thyroid disorders, cardiotoxicity, local skin reaction,
elevated liver transaminases, hypotension, serum sickness,
mucocutaneous reactions, hepatitis reactivation, progressive
multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), renal toxicity, cardiac
arrhythmias.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application and claims
priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/556,282 which was
filed on Jan. 8, 2018 as a U.S. national phase application of
International PCT Patent Application No. PCT/EP2016/054729, which
was filed on Mar. 7, 2016, which claims priority to European Patent
Application No. 15157911.7, filed Mar. 6, 2015. These applications
are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
STATEMENT REGARDING SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] The Sequence Listing associated with this application is
provided in text format in lieu of a paper copy, and is hereby
incorporated by reference into the specification. The name of the
text file containing the Sequence Listing is
SCHI_006_02US_ST25.txt. The text file is 93 KB, created on Dec. 22,
2020, and is being submitted electronically via EFSWeb.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The present invention relates to fusion proteins comprising
a binding protein and an IL-15 polypeptide having a reduced
affinity for IL15R.alpha. as well as uses thereof, pharmaceutical
compositions comprising such fusion proteins and a method for
producing such fusion proteins.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Second generation chimeric or humanized monoclonal
antibodies, such as Rituxan and Herceptin, have considerably
improved treatment of patients with malignant lymphomas and
Her2-positive mammary carcinomas, respectively. In general,
however, the therapeutic activity of second generation antibodies
is limited and there remains an urgent medical need for the
development of optimized antibody based reagents (see, for example,
Beck A, Wurch T, Bailly C, Corvaia N. Strategies and challenges for
the next generation of therapeutic antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol.
2010; 10:345-352).
[0005] The capability to recruit Fc-receptor (FcR)-positive immune
effector cells, such as NK cells, is considered as being crucial
for the therapeutic activity of most antibodies. Thus, many of the
strategies used for antibody optimization focus on the improvement
of the Fc-part resulting in an enhanced antibody dependent cellular
cytotoxicity (ADCC)-activity. In principle this can be achieved by
genetic engineering of the glycosylation pattern and/or the amino
acid sequence of the CH2 domain of the IgGI-Fc part that is
contained in most antitumor antibodies in current clinical use.
(Shinkawa T, Nakamura K, Yamane N, et al. (2003) "The absence of
fucose but not the presence of galactose or bisecting
N-acetylglucosamine of human IgG1 complex-type oligosaccharides
shows the critical role of enhancing antibody-dependent cellular
cytotoxicity." J Biol Chem. 278:3466-3473; Lazar G A, Dang W, Karki
S, Vafa O, Peng J S, Hyun L, Chan C, Chung H S, Eivazi A, Yoder S
C, Vielmetter J, Carmichael D F, Hayes R J, Dahiyat B I. (2006)
"Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function."
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:4005-4010.
[0006] Both strategies have been used by the pharmaceutical
industry for the development of Fc optimized third generation
antibodies (Oflazoglu E, Audoly L P (2010) "Evolution of anti-CD20
monoclonal antibody therapeutics in oncology." MAbs 2:14-19): Roche
(Basel, Switzerland) in cooperation with Glycart (Schlieren,
Switzerland) has developed a glyco engineered CD20-antibody GA101
(Obinutuzumab). In a recent large clinical trial with patients
suffering from chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) this antibody was
superior to Rituxan (Goede V et al. (2014) "Obinutuzumab plus
Chlorambucil in Patients with CLL and Coexisting Conditions." N
Engl J Med 370:1101-1110).
[0007] Two other antibodies directed to the lymphoma associated
antigens CD19 (XmAb5574) and CD30 (XmAb2513), developed by Xencor
(Monrovia, Calif. USA) carry the amino acid exchanges S239D and
I332E (SDIE-modification). As GA101, these antibodies were reported
to exert markedly enhanced ADCC (Horton et al. (2008) "Potent in
vitro and in vivo activity of an Fc-engineered anti-CD19 monoclonal
antibody against lymphoma and leukemia." Cancer Res; 68:8049-8057;
Foyil K V, Bartlett N L (2010) "Anti-CD30 Antibodies for Hodgkin
lymphoma." Curr Hematol Malig Rep 5:140-147) and are currently
evaluated in clinical trials.
[0008] It is well established that the cytokines IL-2 and IL-15
enhance the cytolytic activity of both natural killer (NK) cells
and T cells. Both cytokines use a common .beta..gamma.-receptor
that is completed by a differing .alpha.-chain. The differential
expression of the .alpha.-chain largely determines the biological
activity of the cytokines. Both are capable of stimulating NK cells
and T cells. However, whereas IL-2 stimulates T-regulatory cells (T
regs), IL-15 appears to promote the expansion of e.g. CD8+ memory T
cells and inhibit T regs (Ring et al. (2012) "Mechanistic and
structural insight into the functional dichotomy between IL-2 and
IL-15" Nat Immunol; 13:1187-1195; Waldmann (2006) "The biology of
interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: implications for cancer therapy
and vaccine design" Nat Rev Immunol; 6:595-601; Perna et al. (2013)
"Interleukin 15 provides relief to CTLs from regulatory T
cell-mediated inhibition: implications for adoptive T cell-based
therapies for lymphoma" Clin Cancer Res; 19:106-117).
[0009] Up to now, IL-2 the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), GM-CSF and
IL-15 were used for the construction of immunocytokines (Kaspar M,
Trachsel E, Neri D (2007) "The antibody-mediated targeted delivery
of interleukin-15 and GM-CSF to the tumor neovasculature inhibits
tumor growth and metastasis." Cancer Res. 15; 67(10):4940-8). These
immunocytokines are fusion proteins of cytokines with antibodies,
constructed and intended to allow for a focused cytokine activity.
However, upon in vivo application, the proportion of antibody that
is specifically bound to a tumor is below 1%. In addition, the
activity of a conventional fusion protein does not depend on its
specific binding. Consequently, side effects of such fusion
proteins exerted by off-target binding to immune cells expressing
the respective cytokine receptors are considerable and limit the
safely applicable doses. See, for example, List and Neri (2013)
"Immunocytokines: a review of molecules in clinical development for
cancer therapy". Clin Pharmacol; 5:29-45, Gillies et al. (1992)
"Antibody-targeted interleukin 2 stimulates T cell killing of
autologous tumor cells", Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; 89:1428-1432,
Albertini et al. (2012) "Phase II trial of hu14.18-11.2 for
patients with metastatic melanoma". Cancer Immunol Immunother;
61:2261-2271, or Ribas et al. (2009) "Phase 1/11 open-label study
of the biologic effects of the interleukin-2 immunocytokine EMD
273063 (hu14.18-IL2) in patients with metastatic malignant
melanoma" J Transl Med; 7:68.
[0010] In principle, the particular mechanism of action of IL-15
might provide a solution to this problem: in contrast to IL-2,
IL-15 triggers its receptor in trans, that is the .alpha.-chain of
the receptor, expressed on monocytes and dendritic cells
trans-stimulates the .beta./.gamma.-receptor on NK- and T cells.
Theoretically, this is an optimal situation for the construction of
a target cell restricted fusion protein such as an immunocytokine
that triggers the .beta..gamma.-complex of the IL-15 receptor
(IL15R.beta..gamma.) only after specific binding of the antibody to
a target cell. For this purpose, however, the binding of IL-15 to
the .alpha.-chain of its receptor has to be prevented.
[0011] In principle that can be achieved by coupling to binding
proteins complexes or fusion proteins of IL-15 and soluble
recombinant IL15R.alpha. or fragments thereof (Bessard A et al.
(2009) "High antitumor activity of RLI, an interleukin-15
(IL-15)-IL-15 receptor alpha fusion protein, in metastatic melanoma
and colorectal cancer." Mol Cancer Ther; 8:2736-2745; Vincent M et
al. (2013) "Tumor targeting of the IL-15 superagonist RLI by an
anti-GD2 antibody strongly enhances its antitumor potency." Int J
Cancer; 133:757-765; Kermer V et al. (2012) "An antibody fusion
protein for cancer immunotherapy mimicking IL-15 trans-presentation
at the tumor site." Mol Cancer Ther.; 11:1279-1288). Surprisingly,
however, fusion proteins or complexes of IL-15 and IL-15R.alpha.Fc
are more effective than the cytokine alone and have been termed
IL-15 superagonists. Thus, such proteins cannot be expected to
exert target cell restricted activity after coupling to a binding
protein that targets this cell.
[0012] In line with this reasoning the activity of IL-15
superagonists is not further enhanced by Fc-crosslinking
(Rubinsteinet al. "Converting IL-15 to a superagonist by binding to
soluble IL-15R.alpha.." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;
103:9166-9171). Thus, it is highly unlikely that the activity of
immunocytokines containing such superagonists will be target cell
restricted in the sense outlined above.
[0013] In summary, there is a still need for the provision of
fusion proteins, which can act in a target cell specific manner
and/or do not provoke side effects and/or can be administered in
safe doses. This problem is solved by the embodiments reflected in
the claims, described in the description, and illustrated in the
Examples and Figures of the present application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The above being said, the present invention relates to a
fusion protein comprising
[0015] a) a binding protein comprising at least one binding site,
wherein the binding site binds to an antigen associated with a
target cell; and
[0016] b) an IL-15 polypeptide, wherein the IL-15 polypeptide
comprises at least one amino acid substitution at one or more
positions corresponding to position(s) 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,
99, 100, 112, 113, 114, 115 and/or 116 of the amino acid sequence
shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 thereby having a reduced affinity for
IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID
NO: 1 (Uniprot number: P40933-1).
[0017] In addition, the present invention relates to a fusion
protein of the present invention for use in target cell-restricted
activation of effector cells expressing IL2/IL-15
R.beta..gamma..
[0018] Further, the present invention relates to the fusion protein
of the present invention for use in target cell-restricted target
cell killing mediated by effector cells expressing
IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
[0019] The present invention also relates to a fusion protein of
the present invention for use in enhancing cytolytic activity of NK
cells and T cells, preferably NK cells, gamma delta T cell, NK T
cell and CD8+ T cells compared to the cytolytic activity of an
unmodified binding protein as described herein.
[0020] In addition, the present invention relates to a fusion
protein of the present invention for use in the treatment of a
disease.
[0021] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising the fusion protein of the present
invention.
[0022] In addition, the present invention relates to a nucleic acid
molecule encoding for the fusion protein of the present
invention.
[0023] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a host cell
comprising the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention or a
vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of the present
invention.
[0024] In addition, the present invention relates to a method for
producing the fusion protein of the present invention, comprising
using the nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein for expression
of the fusion protein under conditions allowing expression of the
fusion protein.
[0025] The present invention also relates to a kit comprising the
fusion protein of the present invention.
[0026] These aspects of the invention will be more fully understood
in view of the following description, drawings and non-limiting
examples.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 depicts target cell restricted stimulation of the
IL-15R.beta..gamma.-receptor by an exemplary fusion protein of the
present invention. A fusion protein of the present invention
comprises (i) a binding protein, which, for example, may be an
intact dimeric antibody molecule that is directed to a target
antigen e.g. on a tumor cell (FIG. 1A). Such a target antigen can,
for example, be CD19 or PSMA. The fusion protein of the present
invention further comprises (ii) an IL-15 polypeptide that has a
reduced affinity for IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of
wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1 and/or is no longer capable of
binding to the IL-15R.alpha.. Accordingly, such a fusion protein of
the invention has two binding specificities, namely a) a target
antigen such as CD19 or PSMA and b) IL-15R.beta..gamma.. It is
however also possible that the binding protein of the inventive
protein is a bispecific protein, for example, a bispecific single
chain Fv fragment which has one binding site that binds, for
example, CD19 and a second binding site that binds, for example,
CD3. Such a bispecific fusion protein can be fused, either at its
N- or C-terminus with an IL-15 polypeptide that comprises at least
one amino acid substitution at one or more positions corresponding
to position(s) 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 112, 113, 114,
115 and/or 116 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1
resulting in a molecule with three binding sites. [0028] Reverting
to the example of the inventive fusion protein shown in FIG. 1A
that contains as binding molecule an antibody molecule with
constant CH2 and CH3 domains. Such a binding protein can further be
modified such that it exerts an enhanced antibody dependent
cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity compared to its unmodified
counterpart. FIG. 1A shows one example of how such a modified
binding protein can be obtained, namely by including the so-called
SDIE modification of the CH2 domain. This mutation is known to
increase ADCC activity of antibody molecules. As mentioned above,
in addition to the binding protein part, a fusion protein of the
present invention comprises an IL-15 polypeptide that has a reduced
or any affinity for IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of
wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Such an IL-15 polypeptide is also
schematically depicted in FIG. 1A. The IL-15 polypeptide can be
attached to the binding protein via a (peptidic or non-peptidic)
linker. Alternatively, the IL-15 polypeptide can also be fused
directly to the binding protein. In addition, in a fusion protein
of the invention at least one (i.e. one, two or more, for example,
even three) IL-15 polypeptides are fused to the binding protein. In
the Example of FIG. 1A, the fusion protein contains two mutated
IL-15 polypeptides, each of which is fused to the CH3 domain of the
heavy chain of the antibody molecule that is used as binding
protein. [0029] A fusion protein of the present invention allows
for a target cell restricted activation of the
IL-15-.beta..gamma.-receptor. The reason for this is the way IL-15
exerts its functions. Under physiological conditions IL-15 binds to
two targets, which are expressed on different cells (trans
presentation). Firstly, wild type IL-15 binds with high affinity to
the IL15R.alpha. receptor that is expressed e.g. on monocytes and
dendritic cells. Secondly, IL15R.alpha. then presents the bound
IL-15 (in trans) to opposing cells that express the
IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma.. Under physiological conditions the
IL-2/IL-15 .beta..gamma.-receptor is expressed on e.g. memory CD8+
T cells, gamma delta T cells, NKT cells or NK cells (FIG. 1B). This
means, in the absence of target cells the .beta..gamma.-receptor
cannot be activated by the inventive fusion proteins, since trans
presentation by the .alpha.-chain cannot occur (FIG. 1C).
[0030] FIG. 1B depicts the functioning of a fusion protein of the
present invention. FIG. 1C also depicts the functioning of a fusion
protein of the present invention. The binding protein binds to a
target cell. With its IL-15 polypeptide part, a fusion protein of
the present invention is then able to simultaneously bind to
.beta..gamma.-receptor-positive cells such a CD8+ T cells or NK
cells (see above) and activate these cells. This mimics the
presentation of IL-15 via the IL-5R.alpha.. This is because
trans-presentation of IL-15 to the .beta..gamma.-complex of its
receptor is achieved by the target cell rather than a cell
expressing the .alpha.-part of the IL-15 receptor. The endogenous
affinity to IL-15R.alpha. is reduced in the fusion proteins of the
present invention. Thus, if no target cell is present IL-15R.alpha.
mediated presentation does not occur and consequently
.beta..gamma.-receptor-positive effector cells are not
activated.
[0031] FIG. 2 depicts binding to IL-15R.alpha. (A) and cytolytic
activity of various fusion proteins (B) comprising different IL-15
polypeptides. (A): CD19-positive NALM16 cells were incubated with
the indicated concentrations of distinct fusion proteins, stained
with a recombinant, His-tagged IL-15R-.alpha.-Fc-fusion protein, a
Biotin-labeled anti-His antibody and finally with a streptavidin
PE-conjugate. Cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry. [0032] In
particular, the fusion protein .alpha.CD19-IL15wt (wt=wild-type)
comprised the CD19 antibody 4G7 with an Fc optimized human IgG1
constant region (SDIE mutation as described herein) fused to
wild-type human IL-15 (hIL-15), wherein the hIL-15 is directly
linked to the CH3 domain via a two amino acid linker, namely a
Glycine-Serine linker (also referred herein as "short linker").
This fusion protein served as a control. Further tested fusion
proteins named .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K, .alpha.CD19-IL15-V49D or
.alpha.CD19-IL15-I50D comprised the 4G7 antibody with an Fc
optimized (SDIE) human IgG1 constant region (SDIE mutation as
described herein). The IL-15 polypeptide was mutated at the
indicated positions. These positions correspond to the indicated
positions in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4, as shown in FIG. 5A.
These amino acid positions furthermore correspond to amino acid
substitutions E94K (for E46K), V97D (for V49D) and I98D (for I50D)
with regard to SEQ ID NO: 1 (also described herein in more detail).
In all these fusion proteins the hIL-15 is directly linked to the
CH3 domain via the two amino acid glycine-serine linker. [0033] To
analyze whether the IL-15 polypeptides comprising the different
amino acid substitutions remained their ability to bind to
IL-15R.alpha. a His-tagged IL-15R-.alpha.-Fc-fusion protein
(R&D systems) was added to the cultures. Thus, if the IL-15
polypeptide part of the fusion proteins remained its ability to
bind to IL-15R.alpha. the added His-tagged IL-15R-.alpha.-Fc-fusion
protein will bind (via the fusion protein) to the NALM 16 cells.
Thus, upon addition of a Biotin-labeled anti-His antibody (Qiagen)
and a streptavidin PE-conjugate (Life technologies) a detectable
signal will be generated. This signal was measured by flow
cytometry (mean Fluorescence Intensity; MFI); y-axis of FIG.
2A).
[0034] FIG. 2A shows that the MFI detected for the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-wt (4G7-IL15-wt; wt=wild-type) fusion protein
(control) is around 300 MFI. Since IL-15 normally binds to
ILR-15.alpha. this signal provides evidence for a binding of IL-15
to IL-15R.alpha.. The .alpha.CD19-IL15-V49D (4G7-IL15-V49D) fusion
protein exhibited a similar signal when compared to the control
thereby indicating that this fusion protein binds to ILR.alpha.
albeit with a slightly lower affinity. The fusion proteins
.alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K (4G7-IL15-E46K) and .alpha.CD19-IL15-I50D
(4G7-IL15-I50D) showed a MFI signal of around 150, indicating that
the binding to IL-15R.alpha. is strongly diminished (or even
absent). The dashed line in FIG. 2A indicates background staining,
that is, staining of cells by the labeled detection antibodies
(without IL15 containing fusion proteins). Thus, the IL-15
polypeptides comprising amino acid substitutions E46K and I50D
showed a strongly diminished/or were even devoid of
ILR-15.alpha.-binding if used within a fusion protein comprising a
binding protein (FIG. 2A). [0035] In FIG. 2B, NALM16 cells were
incubated with the respective fusion proteins also used for the
experiments shown in FIG. 2A and the peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMC) of a healthy volunteer. After 2 days, proliferation
was assessed using a .sup.3H-thymidine uptake assay. Proliferation
in the absence of fusion proteins and PBMC was defined as 100%
proliferation that is 0% inhibition of proliferation. [0036]
Usually such PBMC cells comprise lymphocytes, monocytes and
macrophages. Some of the lymphocytes, in particular NK cells,
express Fc.gamma.-receptors as well as the .beta. and common
.gamma. chain of the IL-2/IL-15 receptor to which IL-15 can bind
(see above). Thus, upon binding of the fusion protein(s) to both,
the NALM16 cells via the CD19 binding protein (4G7: CD19-specific
antibody) and the NK cells via IL15, the NALM16 cells can be
killed. Binding of IL-15 to the IL-15R.beta..gamma.-activates NK
cells and enhances antibody mediated killing. With the experiments
depicted in FIG. 2A the cytolytic activity of the distinct fusion
proteins was analyzed. [0037] As can be seen in FIG. 2B, the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-wt (4G7-IL15-wt, wherein 4G7 is an Fc-optimized
4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification) and the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K (4G7-IL15-E46K, wherein 4G7 is an
Fc-optimized 4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification) fusion
proteins both yielded an inhibition of about 80-85%. The
.alpha.CD19-IL15-V49D (4G7-IL15-V49D, wherein 4G7 is an
Fc-optimized 4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification) protein
reached a similar level, however, it was less effective at lower
concentrations. The .alpha.CD19-IL15-I50D (4G7-IL15-I50D, wherein
4G7 is a Fc-optimized 4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification)
fusion protein and the unmodified .alpha.CD19-SDIE (4G7-SDIE)
antibody without a fused IL-15 protein resulted in an inhibition of
about 60% of the proliferation. Thus, from the group of fusion
proteins with a mutated IL-15, the fusion protein containing the
E46K amino acid substitution in the IL-15 polypeptide showed the
highest cytolytic activity against CD19 expressing target cells and
was thus used in subsequent experiments. [0038] Conclusions from
the data presented in FIG. 2: Two of the three mutated IL-15
polypeptides evaluated, E46K and I50D, were devoid of
ILR-15R.alpha.-binding if used within a CD19-targeting fusion
protein (A). The fusion protein containing the E46K amino acid
substitution had the highest cytolytic activity against CD19
expressing target cells (B).
[0039] FIG. 3 depicts proliferation induced by different fusion
proteins in NK92 cells (FIG. 3A) and PBMC (FIG. 3B). While the
experiments depicted in FIG. 2 were performed with fusion proteins
containing a short linker the experiments presented in FIG. 3 made
additional use of fusion proteins containing a long linker (L). The
fusion proteins with the long linker comprise a 20 amino acid long
amino acid stretch (4-glycine 1-serine).sub.4. In fusion proteins
comprising the short linker hIL-15 is directly linked to the CH3
domain via the short glycine-serine linker. Fusion proteins
containing the long or the short linker were incubated with NK92
cells (FIG. 3A) or PBMC (FIG. 3B) cells for two days. Then, cells
were pulsed with .sup.3H thymidine, harvested at day 3 on filter
mats and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. [0040] In FIG.
3A, NK92 cells were incubated with different concentrations of the
distinct fusion proteins as indicated (x-axis and figure legend in
FIG. 3A). NK92 cells are natural killer lymphoma cells, which do
not express CD19 to which the .alpha.CD19 binding protein binds
(Gong et al. (1994) "Characterization of a human cell line (NK-92)
with phenotypical and functional characteristics of activated
natural killer cells" Leukemia; 8(4):652-8). Thus, this cell
culture is devoid of target cells. By measuring proliferation via
.sup.3H-thymidine counts as depicted on the y-axis (FIG. 3A), the
ability of the fusion proteins to induce proliferation in effector
cells in general is assessed. [0041] The .alpha.CD19-IL15-wt
(4G7-IL15wt; containing the short linker, wherein 4G7 is an
Fc-optimized 4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification) and
.alpha.CD19-IL15-wt-L (4G7-IL15wt-L; containing the long linker,
wherein 4G7 is a Fc-optimized 4G7 antibody carrying the
SDIE-modification) resulted in a .sup.3H thymidine count of about
25000. However, the protein with the long linker has been
considerably more active at lower concentration indicating that the
short linker affects IL-15 activity. Likewise, the fusion proteins
containing the IL-15 polypeptide of the fusion proteins of the
present invention have been less active than those containing the
wild-type IL-15 protein. Thus, the E46K mutation diminishes IL-15
activity as expected since these fusion proteins cannot be
presented by IL-15R.alpha.. In addition, IL-15 activity is further
diminished by fusion via a short linker. [0042] Similar results
were also obtained in the experiments depicted in FIG. 3B. Here,
PBMC cells were incubated with different concentrations of the
distinct fusion proteins as indicated (x-axis and figure legend in
FIG. 3B). Some PBMCs (such as B cells) also express CD19, which is
detected by the .alpha.CD19 (here 4G7) binding protein. Notably, a
PBMC culture also comprises some potential effector cells such as
e.g. NK cells. As in FIG. 3A, the proliferation was determined by
.sup.3H-thymidine counts as depicted on the y-axis (FIG. 3B).
[0043] In these experiments, the .alpha.CD19-IL15-wt (4G7-IL15wt;
short linker) and .alpha.CD19-IL15-wt-L (4G7-IL15wt-L; containing
the long linker and wild-type (wt) IL-15) resulted in a .sup.3H
thymidine count of about 6000 and 12000, respectively. Again, the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K (4G7-IL15-E46K, wherein 4G7 is a Fc-optimized
4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification) provided for a lesser
extend of proliferation (about 4500 counts of .sup.3H thymidine),
while the fusion-protein .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K-L (4G7-IL15-E46K-L;
containing the long linker, wherein 4G7 is a Fc-optimized 4G7
antibody carrying the SDIE-modification) resulted in a detected
proliferation similar to the IL-15 wild-type fusion proteins (about
8500 counts; FIG. 3B). Thus, in this experiment, the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K-L (4G7-IL15-E46K-L) induced a higher
proliferation/activation of cells than the .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K
(4G7-IL15-E46K) fusion protein confirming the results obtained with
the NK92 cells. [0044] Conclusions from the data presented in FIG.
3: (i) The fusion protein with the IL-15 comprising the amino acid
substitution E46K is less active than the fusion protein comprising
wild-type IL-15 and (ii) the fusion protein with a long linker (L)
are more active than those with a short linker. Thus, fusion
proteins containing the long linker were used in the subsequent
experiments.
[0045] FIG. 4 depicts target cell restricted NK cell activation
(FIG. 4A) and B cell killing (FIG. 4B) in PBMC cultures by
different fusion proteins. To evaluate target cell restriction of
the generated fusion proteins, normal PBMC were incubated with
wild-type IL-15 and IL-15 polypeptides having a reduced affinity
for IL-15R.alpha. than wild-type IL-15 comprised in different
fusion proteins targeting the B cell associated CD19 antigen and
the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), respectively. Since
B cells are present within PBMC cultures, CD19 serves as a relevant
target antigen in this setting, whereas PSMA is absent and thus
irrelevant. PBMC were incubated for three days with the indicated
fusion proteins (0.1 .mu.g/ml) and were then analyzed by flow
cytometry. [0046] In FIG. 4A NK cell activation and B cell killing
was assessed by measuring the numbers of CD56-positive cells
expressing CD69 (CD56+/CD69+ double positive cells). CD69 is
expressed by activated NK cells, while CD56 is expressed by resting
NK cells as well. By selecting double positive cells (CD56+/CD69+),
only activated NK cells are measured. [0047] In FIG. 4A, cell
counts are provided on the y-axis and the different fusion proteins
utilized are depicted on the x-axis. In the control PBMC culture
("only PBMC") about 12000 cells expressed CD56 (CD56+) and about
1000 were double-positive for CD56 and CD69 (CD56+/CD69+).
Application of the 4G7 binding protein targeting CD19 and
comprising the SDIE mutations (.alpha.CD19-SDIE) slightly increased
the number of activated NK cells (.alpha.CD19-SDIE: Fc-optimized
4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification, without IL-15
polypeptide attached thereto). On the contrary, the number of
activated NK cells within PBMC cultures massively increased as a
result of the addition of the .alpha.CD19-SDIE-IL15wt-L fusion
protein (4G7-IL15wt-L, containing the long linker, wherein 4G7 is a
Fc-optimized 4G7 antibody carrying the SDIE-modification). A less
prominent but still remarkable increase in the number of activated
NK cells was also observed with the .alpha.CD19-SDIE-IL15-E46K-L
fusion protein (4G7-IL15-E46K-L, containing the long linker,
wherein 4G7 is a Fc-optimized 4G7 antibody carrying the
SDIE-modification). [0048] Additional experiments were conducted
with fusion proteins targeting PSMA, which is not expressed by PBMC
cells. Here, the addition of the .alpha.PSMA-IL15-E46K-L fusion
protein (containing the long linker) did not significantly alter
the composition of the cells. On the contrary, the application of
the .alpha.PSMA-IL15wt fusion protein (containing the long linker)
significantly increased the number of activated NK cells within the
CD56-positive cell pool. [0049] From these results it can be
concluded that NK cell activation by the fusion proteins containing
an IL-15 polypeptide of the present invention is target cell
restricted, that is the binding protein targeting CD19, but not
that targeting PSMA activates NK cells and kills B cells. Upon
application of fusion proteins comprising wild-type IL-15 target
cell restricted activation of NK cell is clearly less prominent.
This is because wild type IL-15 is trans-presented by IL-15R.alpha.
and does not require binding of the fusion protein to target cells.
[0050] In FIG. 4B NK cell activation and B cell killing was
assessed by measuring the numbers of CD20+ B cells. CD20 is
exclusively expressed by B cells. In this experiment, a cell
culture containing only PBMC cells without the addition of any
fusion proteins served as a control. Here about 12000 CD20-positive
(CD20+) B cells were counted. The addition of the .alpha.CD19-SDIE
control resulted in a decrease of CD20-positive B cells (to about
4000 cells). Notably, the .alpha.CD19-SDIE-IL15wt-L (comprising the
long linker) and .alpha.CD19-SDIE-IL-15E46K-L (comprising the long
linker) fusion proteins resulted in the greatest decrease in
CD20-positive B cells (about 2000 cells). On the contrary, the
addition of a PSMA-IL-15wt fusion protein showed a decrease to
about 6000 cells. Notably, the PSMA-IL-15-E46K-L fusion protein did
not alter the number of CD20-positive B-cells in comparison to the
"only PBMC" control. [0051] Thus, the reduction of the number of
CD20+ cells (B cell depletion) by the binding protein-IL-15
polypeptide fusion proteins was more pronounced than that by the
Fc-optimized CD19 antibody (.alpha.CD19SDIE) alone (FIG. 4B).
Furthermore, the PSMA directed fusion proteins showed that the
IL-15-E46K-L fusion protein did not show any effect on the
CD20-positive B cells. Thus, the target cell restricted B cell
killing is most prominent using the IL-15-E46K-L fusion proteins,
while fusion proteins comprising IL-15 wild-type showed a less
prominent or even absent target cell restricted killing of B cells
(FIG. 4B). [0052] In FIG. 4C NK-cell activation was assessed in
B-cell depleted PBMC cultures. B cells were depleted with
magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) using CD19 MicroBeads
(Miltenyi Biotec). As in FIGS. 4A and 4B, for determination of cell
numbers an equal amount of BD negative beads (negative beads from
BD Biosciences) was added to each sample. During flow cytometry
measurement the same number of BD negative beads were acquired for
all samples. This allowed the quantification of cells and direct
comparison of cell numbers between different samples from one
experiment. These experiments demonstrated that NK cell activation
is markedly reduced in the presence of the fusion protein
containing the E46K mutated IL-15 polypeptide almost reaching the
level of the corresponding protein targeting PSMA. This is because
cells carrying the target antigen CD19 had been depleted. The
activity of fusion proteins containing wild type IL-15 was hardly
affected. [0053] Conclusions from the data presented in FIG. 4:
[0054] a. NK cell activation by the fusion proteins containing an
IL-15 polypeptide of the present invention is target cell
restricted, that is the protein targeting CD19 but not that
targeting PSMA activates NK cells and kills B cells. NK cell
activation by the CD19 targeting fusion proteins comprising mutated
IL-15 polypeptides was diminished if B cells were depleted from the
PBMC (FIG. 4C) [0055] b. NK cell activation by both fusion proteins
containing wild-type IL-15 is not target cell restricted, that is
both fusion proteins induce NK cell activation and at least some
killing of B cells irrespective of the antigen targeted. [0056] c.
B cell depletion by the inventive fusion proteins is more
pronounced than that by the Fc-optimized CD19 antibody (4G7SDIE)
alone (FIG. 4B).
[0057] FIG. 5A depicts one sequence. FIG. 5B depicts another
sequence. The sequence of wild-type hIL-15 is depicted in SEQ ID
NO: 1 (FIG. 5A). The first 48 amino acids of this sequence that is
underlined comprise the long 48 amino acid signal peptide, which is
cleaved during secretion of hIL-15 and is not part of the IL-15
fusion proteins. In SEQ ID NO: 1 the corresponding amino acids,
which are important for binding of wild-type IL-15 to the
IL-15R.alpha. (shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4, as
depicted in FIG. 5A) are highlighted in grey. Also highlighted in
grey in SEQ ID NO: 1 are amino acids important for
.beta..gamma.-receptor binding as described in Ring et al. (2012)
(Ring et al. (2012) "Mechanistic and structural insight into the
functional dichotomy between IL-2 and IL-15" Nat Immunol;
13:1187-1195). In particular, amino acids important for
.beta..gamma. receptor binding are the amino acids corresponding to
amino acid positions 55, 56, 58, 59, 109, 113, 116, 117, 156, 157,
160 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The amino acid positions important for
IL15R.alpha. or .beta..gamma.-receptor binding are also depicted in
Tables 1 and 2 below. [0058] Also depicted in FIG. 5A are amino
acid sequences of single heavy chain variable domain of anti-CD19
antibody 4G7 (SEQ ID NO: 5), single light chain variable domain of
anti-CD19 antibody 4G7 (SEQ ID NO: 6), single heavy chain variable
domain of anti-FLT3 antibody BV10 (SEQ ID NO: 7), single light
chain variable domain of anti-FLT3 antibody BV10 (SEQ ID NO: 8),
single heavy chain variable domain of anti-FLT3 antibody 4G8 (SEQ
ID NO: 9). Depicted in FIG. 5B are amino acid sequences of single
light chain variable domain of anti-FLT3 antibody 4G8 (SEQ ID NO:
10), single heavy chain variable domain of anti-PSMA antibody J591
(SEQ ID NO: 11), single light chain variable domain of anti-PSMA
antibody J591 (SEQ ID NO: 12), single heavy chain variable domain
of anti-endoglin antibody Kro23 (SEQ ID NO: 25), single light chain
variable domain of anti-endoglin antibody Kro23 (SEQ ID NO: 26).
CDR sequences are underlined.
[0059] FIG. 6 depicts a fusion protein of anti-endoglin IgG1
(Kro23) heavy chain comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 mutant
(SEQ ID NO: 27), as well the light chain of anti-endoglin IgG1
(Kro23) (SEQ ID NO: 28). In the depiction of SEQ ID NO: 27, the VH
region is highlighted in grey, where the CDRs are underlined,
followed by the CH1 region without highlights. The hinge region is
again highlighted in grey and represented by italic letters,
whereas the following CH2 region is again not highlighted. The
subsequent CH3 region is highlighted in grey and represented by
bold letters, followed by a linker sequence, which is not
highlighted. The final part is the IL15 mutant (IL15mut), which is
again highlighted in grey and represented by bold italic letters,
and wherein the mutated amino acid of the IL15 mutant is
underlined. This mutation corresponds to an E46K mutation of SEQ ID
NO: 4. In SEQ ID NO: 26, the VL region is highlighted in grey,
where the CDRs are underlined, whereas the CL region is not
highlighted.
[0060] FIG. 7A depicts a fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7)
heavy chain comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 wild type with
glycine-serine linker (short linker) (SEQ ID NO: 29), a fusion
protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain comprising SDIE
modification and an IL15 E46K mutant with short linker (SEQ ID NO:
30). FIG. 7B depicts a fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy
chain comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 V49D mutant with
short linker (SEQ ID NO: 31), a fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1
(4G7) heavy chain comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 I50D
mutant with short linker (SEQ ID NO: 32). FIG. 7C depicts a fusion
protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain comprising SDIE
modification and an IL15 wild type with
(glycine.sub.4-serine.sub.1).sub.4 linker (long linker) (SEQ ID NO:
33), a fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain
comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 E46K mutant with long
linker (SEQ ID NO: 34). FIG. 7D depicts a fusion protein of
anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain comprising SDIE modification and
an IL15 V49D mutant with long linker (SEQ ID NO: 35). FIG. 7E
depicts a fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain
comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 I50D mutant with long
linker (SEQ ID NO: 36), as well the light chain of anti-CD19 IgG1
(4G7) (SEQ ID NO: 37). In the depiction of SEQ ID NOs: 30-37 (FIG.
7A-FIG. 7E), the VH region is highlighted in grey, where the CDRs
are underlined, followed by the CH1 region without highlights. The
hinge region is again highlighted in grey and represented by italic
letters, whereas the following CH2 region is again not highlighted.
The subsequent CH3 region is highlighted in grey and represented by
bold letters, followed by a linker sequence, which is not
highlighted. The final part is the IL15 mutant (IL15mut), which is
again highlighted in grey and represented by bold italic letters,
and wherein the mutated amino acid is underlined in the fusion
proteins comprising IL-15 mutants. These mutation corresponds to an
E46K (SEQ ID NOs: 30 and 34), V49D (SEQ ID NOs: 31 and 35), or I50D
(SEQ ID NOs: 32 and 36) mutation of SEQ ID NO: 4, respectively. In
SEQ ID NO: 37, the VL region is highlighted in grey, where the CDRs
are underlined, whereas the CL region is not highlighted.
[0061] FIG. 8 depicts a fusion protein of anti-FLT3 IgG1 (BV10)
heavy chain comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 mutant (SEQ ID
NO: 38), as well the light chain of anti-FLT3 IgG1 (BV10) (SEQ ID
NO: 39). In the depiction of SEQ ID NO: 38, the VH region is
highlighted in grey, where the CDRs are underlined, followed by the
CH1 region without highlights. The hinge region is again
highlighted in grey and represented by italic letters, whereas the
following CH2 region is again not highlighted. The subsequent CH3
region is highlighted in grey and represented by bold letters,
followed by a linker sequence, which is not highlighted. The final
part is the IL15 mutant (IL15mut), which is again highlighted in
grey and represented by bold italic letters, and wherein the
mutated amino acid of the IL15 mutant is underlined. This mutation
corresponds to an E46K mutation of SEQ ID NO: 4. In SEQ ID NO: 39,
the VL region is highlighted in grey, where the CDRs are
underlined, whereas the CL region is not highlighted.
[0062] FIG. 9 depicts a fusion protein of anti-FLT3 IgG1 (4G8)
heavy chain comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 mutant (SEQ ID
NO: 40), as well the light chain of anti-FLT3 IgG1 (4G8) (SEQ ID
NO: 41). In the depiction of SEQ ID NO: 40, the VH region is
highlighted in grey, where the CDRs are underlined, followed by the
CH1 region without highlights. The hinge region is again
highlighted in grey and represented by italic letters, whereas the
following CH2 region is again not highlighted. The subsequent CH3
region is highlighted in grey and represented by bold letters,
followed by a linker sequence, which is not highlighted. The final
part is the IL15 mutant (IL15mut), which is again highlighted in
grey and represented by bold italic letters, and wherein the
mutated amino acid of the IL15 mutant is underlined. This mutation
corresponds to an E46K mutation of SEQ ID NO: 4. In SEQ ID NO: 41,
the VL region is highlighted in grey, where the CDRs are
underlined, whereas the CL region is not highlighted.
[0063] FIG. 10A depicts a fusion protein of anti-PSMA IgG1 (J591)
heavy chain comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 wild type (SEQ
ID NO: 42), a fusion protein of anti-PSMA IgG1 (J591) heavy chain
comprising SDIE modification and an IL15 E46K mutant (SEQ ID NO:
43). FIG. 10B depicts the light chain of anti-PSMA IgG1 (J591) (SEQ
ID NO: 44). In the depiction of SEQ ID NOs: 42 and 43 (FIG. 10A and
FIG. 10B), the VH region is highlighted in grey, where the CDRs are
underlined, followed by the CH1 region without highlights. The
hinge region is again highlighted in grey and represented by italic
letters, whereas the following CH2 region is again not highlighted.
The subsequent CH3 region is highlighted in grey and represented by
bold letters, followed by a linker sequence, which is not
highlighted. The final part is the IL15 mutant (IL15mut), which is
again highlighted in grey and represented by bold italic letters,
and wherein the mutated amino acid is underlined in the fusion
protein comprising the IL-15 mutant. These mutation corresponds to
an E46K (SEQ ID NO: 43) mutation of SEQ ID NO: 4. In SEQ ID NO: 44,
the VL region is highlighted in grey, where the CDRs are
underlined, whereas the CL region is not highlighted.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sequences important for IL-15R.alpha.
binding Amino acid positions with regard to 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97,
98, 99, 100, SEQ ID NO: 1 112, 113, 114, 115, 116 Amino acid
positions with regard to 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, SEQ ID
NO: 4 64, 65, 66, 67, 68
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Sequences important for IL-15R.beta..gamma.
binding Amino acid positions with regard to 55, 56, 58, 59, 109,
113, 116, 117, SEQ ID NO: 1 (.beta.-chain binding), 156, 157, 160
(.gamma.-chain binding) Amino acid positions with regard to 7, 8,
10, 11, 61, 65, 68, SEQ ID NO: 4 69 (.beta.-binding), 108, 109, 112
(.gamma.-binding)
[0064] The amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 is a fragment of SEQ
ID NO: 1, in which the amino acid positions important for
IL-15R.alpha. and IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma. binding are highlighted
as well in FIG. 5A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] The present application provides fusion proteins that are
capable of target cell restricted killing (of these target cells),
wherein these fusion proteins contain two "different functional
parts", namely as a first part a binding protein (as described in
detail herein) and, as a second part, an IL-15 polypeptide,
preferably a human IL-15 polypeptide that has a reduced affinity
for IL-15R.alpha., preferably reduced affinity for the human
"IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ
ID NO: 1 (UniProt accession number: P40933). The inventors have
found that such an IL-15 polypeptide comprises at least one amino
acid substitution at one or more positions corresponding to
position(s) 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 112, 113, 114, 115
and/or 116 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. It is
noted in this context that the term "IL-15R.alpha." is used in its
regular meaning to refer to the Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha
subunit, that means the subunit of the Interleukin 15 receptor that
binds IL-15 with high affinity and independently of the two other
subunits of the IL-15 receptor, CD122 and CD132 (which the IL-15
receptor shares with the receptor for IL-2). The amino acid
sequence of "IL-15R.alpha." is known for many species, the sequence
of the human "IL-15R.alpha." has been deposited under the UniProt
accession number Q13261.
[0066] Also the term "IL-15" or "IL15" is used in its regular
meaning to refer to the Interleukin 15. The amino acid sequence of
"IL-15" is known for many species, the sequence of the human
"IL-15" has been deposited as Isoform IL15-S48AA under the UniProt
accession number P40933 and GeneBank Accession number DQ893709,
respectively and is depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1).
[0067] In principle in fusion proteins comprising such a IL-15
polypeptide the target binding protein replaces the function of the
.alpha.-chain of the IL-15 receptor, thereby resulting in a target
cell restricted stimulation of the .beta..gamma.-chain that is
depending on the binding of the binding protein to its target
antigen, expressed e.g. on a tumor cell. Thus, off-target effects
are reduced and application of higher doses, capable of achieving
e.g. sufficient NK and T cell activation in vivo is possible. Once
activated, e.g. NK cells can be effectively recruited by e.g. an Fc
optimized targeting binding protein comprised in a fusion protein
of the present invention (FIG. 1).
[0068] The fusion proteins of the present invention are an
advantageous alternative over known complexes or fusion proteins of
IL-15 and soluble recombinant IL-15R.alpha. or fragments thereof.
See in this respect, e.g. Bessard et al. (2009) "High antitumor
activity of RLI, an interleukin-15 (IL-15)-IL-15 receptor alpha
fusion protein, in metastatic melanoma and colorectal cancer" Mol
Cancer Ther; 8:2736-2745, Vincent et al. (2013) "Tumor targeting of
the IL-15 superagonist RLI by an anti-GD2 antibody strongly
enhances its antitumor potency." Int J Cancer; 133:757-765, or
Kermer et al. (2012) "An antibody fusion protein for cancer
immunotherapy mimicking IL-15 trans-presentation at the tumor site"
Mol Cancer Ther; 11:1279-1288). The recombinant IL-15R.alpha. or
fragments thereof described in these references all comprise the so
called "sushi domain", which is important for IL-15 binding to the
IL-15R.alpha. (see Wei et al. (2001) "The Sushi Domain of Soluble
IL-15 Receptor a Is Essential for Binding IL-15 and Inhibiting
Inflammatory and Allogenic Responses In Vitro and In Vivo" The
Journal of Immunology; vol. 167, no. 1, p. 277-282). For the
constructs comprising only IL-15, it is clear that they only
function via binding to both the IL-15.alpha.R and the
L-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma.. Without being bound to theory it is
believed that this double-dependency on two receptors (.alpha. and
.beta..gamma.) renders the action of these IL-15 wild-type
constructs less target cell specific. This is also demonstrated in
the Examples of the present application, where fusion proteins of
the present invention are shown to act in a much more
target-restricted manner than the fusion proteins comprising
wild-type IL-15.
[0069] It has also been shown that fusion proteins or complexes of
IL-15 and IL-15R.alpha.Fc are more effective in stimulating
proliferation of memory-phenotype CD8+ cells and NK cells than the
cytokine alone. Therefore, those fusion proteins have been termed
"IL-15 superagonists". Due to the unexpected superagonistic
function of IL15/IL-15R.alpha. complexes it is highly unlikely that
their effect might become target cell restricted by fusion to e.g.
an antibody targeting a tumor associated antigen. That the activity
of "IL-15 superagonists" is not further enhanced by Fc-crosslinking
(Rubinstein et al. (2006) supports this notion. "Converting IL-15
to a superagonist by binding to soluble IL-15R.alpha." Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA; 103:9166-9171). In contrast, the inventive fusion
proteins described here comprising a binding protein and mutated
IL-15 variants exhibit markedly reduced IL-15 activity unless they
are bound to a target cell via the binding protein.
[0070] In particular, the present invention relates to a fusion
protein comprising [0071] a) a binding protein comprising at least
one binding site, wherein the binding site binds to an antigen
associated with a target cell; and [0072] b) an IL-15 polypeptide,
wherein the IL-15 polypeptide comprises at least one amino acid
substitution at one or more positions corresponding to position(s)
92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 112, 113, 114, 115 and/or 116
of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1 thereby having a
reduced affinity for IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of
wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1 (Uniprot number: P40933-1).
[0073] The binding protein of the fusion protein of the present
invention can be any protein that is able to bind an antigen that
is associated with a target cell. The binding protein may be an
antibody molecule, for example, an intact antibody, a divalent
antibody fragment, or a monovalent antibody fragment.
Alternatively, the binding protein can be a proteinaceous binding
molecule with antibody-like binding properties.
[0074] An "antibody molecule" as used herein can be a full length
antibody, a recombinant antibody molecule, or a fully human
antibody molecule. A full length antibody is any naturally
occurring antibody. The term "antibody" also includes
immunoglobulins (Ig's) of different classes (i.e. IgA, IgG, IgM,
IgD and IgE) and subclasses (such as IgG1, IgG2 etc.). Such full
length antibodies can be isolated from different animals such as
e.g. different mammalian species. A "recombinant antibody molecule"
refers to an antibody molecule the genes of which has been cloned,
and that is produced recombinantly in a host cell or organism,
using well-known methodologies of genetic engineering. Typically, a
recombinant antibody molecule has been genetically altered to
comprise an amino acid sequence, which is not found in nature.
Thus, a recombinant antibody molecule can be a chimeric antibody
molecule or a humanized antibody molecule. In preferred
embodiments, the fusion protein comprises the heavy chain of an
immunoglobulin described herein and an IL-15 mutant described
herein, which may be connected via a linker described herein. In
this arrangement, it is preferred that the immunoglobulin moiety is
located N terminally of the IL-15 mutant. In such a fusion protein,
the light chain of the antibody molecule is paired with the
antibody heavy chain as in any regular antibody or antibody
fragment (cf. in this respect, also FIG. 1A)
[0075] The binding protein of the fusion protein of the present
invention can also be an "antibody fragment". Such antibody
fragments comprise at least those parts of an antibody, that form
the (antigen) binding site. Illustrative examples of such an
antibody fragment are single chain variable fragments (scFv), Fv
fragments, single domain antibodies, such as e.g. VHH (camelid)
antibodies, di-scFvs, fragment antigen binding regions (Fab),
F(ab').sub.2 fragments, Fab' fragments, diabodies, domain
antibodies, (Holt L J, Herring C, Jespers L S, Woolven B P,
Tomlinson I M. Domain antibodies: proteins for therapy. Trends
Biotechnol. 2003 November; 21(11):484-90), or bispecific
"Fabsc"-antibody molecules as described in International patent
application WO 2013/092001 comprising a single chain Fv fragment
which is connected to an Fab fragment via a CH2 domain to name only
a few.
[0076] As indicated above, the binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention may be an antibody or a divalent
antibody fragment comprising two binding sites with different
specificities, for example, one specificity against a tumor
associated antigen such as FLT3, CD20, CD10, CD21, CD22, CD25,
CD30, CD33, CD34, CD37, CD38, or CD44v6 (see also below) and an
receptor such as CD3 or CD16 that is present on effector cells such
as T-cells or NK cells. Non limiting examples of formats that can
be used for such divalent antibody fragments include a
(Fab).sub.2'-fragment, a bispecific single-chain Fv fragment, a
bsFc-1/2-dimer or a bsFc-CH3-1/2 dimer as described in
International Patent Application WO 2013/092001. Also e.g.
bispecific (or trispecific) antibody molecules described e.g. in
Lamerisa et al. (2014) "Bispecific antibody platforms for cancer
immunotherapy" Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. S1040-8428(14)00135-8,
Kontermann (2012) "Dual targeting strategies with bispecific
antibodies" Landes Bioscience mAbs Vol. 4, Issue 2 182-197 can be
utilized. Alternatively, the binding protein of the fusion protein
of the present invention can also be a bivalent proteinaceous
artificial binding molecule such as a lipocalin mutein that is also
known as "duocalin".
[0077] The binding protein of the fusion protein of the present
invention may however only have a single binding site, i.e., may be
monovalent. Examples of monovalent binding proteins include, but
are not limited to, a monovalent antibody fragment, a proteinaceous
binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties. Examples of
such monovalent antibody fragments include, but are not limited to
a Fab fragment, a Fv fragment, a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) or
a scFv-Fc fragment.
[0078] As explained above, the binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention may alternatively be a
proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding
properties. Illustrative examples of proteinaceous binding
molecules with antibody-like binding properties that can be used as
binding proteins include, but are not limited to, an aptamer, a
mutein based on a polypeptide of the lipocalin family (exemplary
lipocalin muteins that are also known under their trademark name
"Anticalin.RTM." are, for example, described in PCT applications WO
99/16873, WO 00/75308, WO 03/029471, WO 03/029462, WO 03/029463, WO
2005/019254, WO 2005/019255, WO 2005/019256, WO 2006/56464 or WO
2008/015239, or the review article of Skerra, A. (2001) Rev. Mol.
Biotechnol. 74, 257-275), a glubody, a protein based on the ankyrin
scaffold, a protein based on the crystalline scaffold, an adnectin,
an avimer, a EGF-like domain, a Kringle-domain, a fibronectin type
I domain, a fibronectin type II domain, a fibronectin type III
domain, a PAN domain, a Gla domain, a SRCR domain, a Kunitz/Bovine
pancreatic trypsin Inhibitor domain, tendamistat, a Kazal-type
serine protease inhibitor domain, a Trefoil (P-type) domain, a von
Willebrand factor type C domain, an Anaphylatoxin-like domain, a
CUB domain, a thyroglobulin type I repeat, LDL-receptor class A
domain, a Sushi domain (complement control protein (CCP) modules),
a Link domain, a Thrombospondin type I domain, an immunoglobulin
domain or a an immunoglobulin-like domain (for example, domain
antibodies or camel heavy chain antibodies), a C-type lectin
domain, a MAM domain, a von Willebrand factor type A domain, a
Somatomedin B domain, a WAP-type four disulfide core domain, a F5/8
type C domain, a Hemopexin domain, an SH2 domain, an SH3 domain, a
Laminin-type EGF-like domain, a C2 domain, "Kappabodies" (III CR1,
Gonzales J N, Houtz E K, Ludwig J R, Melcher E D, Hale J E,
Pourmand R, Keivens V M, Myers L, Beidler K, Stuart P, Cheng S,
Radhakrishnan R. Design and construction of a hybrid immunoglobulin
domain with properties of both heavy and light chain variable
regions. Protein Eng. 1997 August; 10(8):949-57) "Minibodies"
(Martin F1, Toniatti C, Salvati A L, Venturini S, Ciliberto G,
Cortese R, Sollazzo M. The affinity-selection of a minibody
polypeptide inhibitor of human interleukin-6. EMBO J. 1994 Nov. 15;
13(22):5303-9), "Janusins" (Traunecker A, Lanzavecchia A,
Karjalainen K. Bispecific single chain molecules (Janusins) target
cytotoxic lymphocytes on HIV infected cells. EMBO J. 1991 December;
10(12):3655-9 and Traunecker A, Lanzavecchia A, Karjalainen K.
Janusin: new molecular design for bispecific reagents. Int J Cancer
Suppl. 1992; 7:51-2), a nanobody, an adnectin, a tetranectin, a
microbody, an affilin, an affibody or an ankyrin, a crystallin, a
knottin, ubiquitin, a zinc-finger protein, an autofluorescent
protein, an ankyrin or ankyrin repeat protein or a leucine-rich
repeat protein, an avimer (Silverman J1, Liu Q, Bakker A, To W,
Duguay A, Alba B M, Smith R, Rivas A, Li P, Le H, Whitehorn E,
Moore K W, Swimmer C, Perlroth V, Vogt M, Kolkman J, Stemmer W P.
Multivalent avimer proteins evolved by exon shuffling of a family
of human receptor domains. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 December;
23(12):1556-61. Epub 2005 Nov. 20); as well as multivalent avimer
proteins evolved by exon shuffling of a family of human receptor
domains as also described in Silverman et al. (Silverman J, Liu Q,
Bakker A, To W, Duguay A, Alba B M, Smith R, Rivas A, Li P, Le H,
Whitehorn E, Moore K W, Swimmer C, Perlroth V, Vogt M, Kolkman J,
Stemmer W P. Multivalent avimer proteins evolved by exon shuffling
of a family of human receptor domains. Nat Biotechnol. 2005
December; 23(12):1556-61. Epub 2005 Nov. 20).
[0079] The term "binding protein" of the fusion protein of the
present invention also includes a non-proteinaceous aptamer. Such
an aptamer is an oligonucleic acid that binds to a specific target
molecule. These aptamers are usually created by selecting them from
a large random sequence pool, but natural aptamers also exist. More
specifically, aptamers can be classified as: DNA or RNA aptamers.
They consist of (usually short) strands of oligonucleotides.
Therefore, a proteinaceous aptamer as described above may also
include an oligonucleotide portion in addition to a protein
portion.
[0080] The binding protein of the fusion protein of the present
invention can thus be a proteinaceous binding molecule with
antibody-like binding properties, which is selected from the group
of an aptamer, a mutein based on a polypeptide of the lipocalin
family, a glubody, a protein based on the ankyrin scaffold, a
protein based on the crystalline scaffold, an adnectin, or an
avimer.
[0081] The (receptor) protein that is bound by the binding protein
can be any antigen associated with a target cell as described
herein. It is envisioned in this context by the present invention
that also a ligand of a receptor protein that is being selected
herein as a target of the binding protein be a (target) protein,
which is associated with a target cell as described herein.
Examples for such a naturally occurring or recombinant ligand that
binds a receptor protein associated with a target cell are CD135
also known as Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3), receptor-type
tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3, or fetal liver kinase-2 (Flk2). CD135
is the receptor for the cytokine Flt3 ligand (FLT3L). Thus, also
the FLT3L can be used as a binding protein to bind to FLT-3. On the
other hand also the FLT-3 receptor may be used as binding protein
to bind to the FLT-3L.
[0082] Turning now to the physiological action of a fusion protein
of the invention, the capability to recruit Fc-receptor
(FcR)-positive immune effector cells, such as NK cells, is seen as
important for the therapeutic activity of the fusion proteins of
the present invention. While a fusion protein containing as binding
protein ("part a)" of the fusion protein) such as an antibody
molecule with constant CH2 and CH3 domains can be used for this
purpose, it is noted that various strategies are known to the
person skilled in the art that can be used to enhance antibody
dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-activity of the binding
proteins of the fusion proteins (exemplarily summarized in Beck et
al. (2010) and Natsume et al. (2009) (Beck A et al. (2010)
"Strategies and challenges for the next generation of therapeutic
antibodies. Nat Rev Immunol; 10:345-352; Natsume A, Niwa R, Satoh
M. "Improving effector functions of antibodies for cancer
treatment: Enhancing ADCC and CDC" Drug Des Devel Ther. 2009;
3:7-16). The ability to recruit Fc-receptor positive immune
effector cells is however by no means limited to fusion proteins in
the binding protein is based on an antibody/immunoglobulin. Rather,
it is for example, also possible to use as a binding protein other
proteinaceous molecules such as a lipocalin mutein which is fused
with a part of an Fc polypeptide (that may comprise a CH2 and/or
CH3 domain) that provides ADCC activity. The Fc polypeptide is in
turn fused with a mutated IL-15 polypeptide as described herein. In
such a fusion protein the Fc part/polypeptide serves not only the
"ADCC activity" providing moiety but at the same time as a linker
between the binding protein and the mutated IL-15 polypeptide.
[0083] Thus, the binding protein of the fusion protein of the
present invention may be modified such that it has an enhanced
antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-activity compared
to an unmodified binding protein. The ADCC activity can be measured
by well-known tests, such as e.g. aCella.TM.-TOX, a GAPDH release
Assay, which can be obtained from e.g. Promega or Interchim.
Alternatively, ADCC can also be measured as described in the
Examples herein. The modified binding protein of the fusion protein
of the present invention may thus have an increased ADCC activity
when compared to the (same but) unmodified binding protein not
comprising the modification. For example, a modified 4G7 antibody
as described herein in the Examples has an increased ADCC activity
than a "normal" 4G7 antibody not comprising the SDIE modifications
in its Fc part.
[0084] One of the strategies to improve cell killing activity of
the fusion proteins of the present invention may, for example, be
the use of conventional chimeric as well as of Fc-optimized
antibody molecules containing an "SDIE mutation". The latter
antibodies are known to mediate markedly enhanced antibody
dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Lazar et al. (2006)
"Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function.
Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:4005-4010; Horton et al. (2008)
"Potent in vitro and in vivo activity of an Fc-engineered anti-CD19
monoclonal antibody against lymphoma and leukemia" Cancer Res;
68:8049-8057; Foyil and Bartlett (2010) "Anti-CD30 Antibodies for
Hodgkin lymphoma" Curr Hematol Malig Rep; 5:140-147).
[0085] Therefore, the modified binding protein binding protein of
the fusion protein of the present invention can be Fc optimized.
This modification results in an enhanced antibody dependent
cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-activity compared to the ADCC-activity
of the unmodified binding protein. The modified binding protein
can, for example, be an intact antibody, a scFv-Fc fragment, a
bsFc-1/2 dimer or a bsFc-CH3-1/2 dimer. The latter two antibody
formats are described in the International Patent application
WO2013/092001.
[0086] In particular, the Fc-optimization can comprise an amino
acid substitution, which is selected from the group consisting of
F243L and/or D270E and/or R292P and/or S298A and/or S298N and/or
Y300L and/or 305I and/or A330V and/or A330L and/or I332E and/or
E333A and/or K334A and/or P396L and/or S239D wherein the positional
numbering is according to the EU index. The numbering of amino
acids used corresponds to the sequence positions according to the
Kabat numbering [EU-Index]. The Fc-optimized modified binding
protein can also comprise an "SDIE" mutation as described in
Hofmann et al. (2012) "Generation, selection and preclinical
characterization of an Fc-optimized FLT3 antibody for the treatment
of myeloid leukemia" Leukemia; 26:1228-1237. Thus, the
Fc-optimization can comprise an amino acid substitution comprising
S239D and I332E wherein the positional numbering is according to
the EU index. The Fc-optimization can also comprise the amino acid
substitutions F243L, R292P, Y300L, V305I, and P396L wherein the
positional numbering is according to the EU index. The
Fc-optimization can also comprise the amino acid substitutions
F243L, R292P and Y300L wherein the positional numbering is
according to the EU index.
[0087] It is also envisioned that the indicated amino acid
substitutions correspond to the indicated amino acid positions.
That means that, for example, in antibody fragments or binding
proteins comprising an Fc domain the positional numbering of the
indicated amino acids may differ but may still have similar
neighboring amino acids as also described herein below in more
detail.
[0088] As explained above the capability to recruit Fc-receptor
(FcR)-positive immune effector cells, such as NK cells, is
considered as being crucial for the therapeutic activity of most
antibodies. Another strategy to obtain modified binding proteins
with an enhanced antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
(ADCC)-activity, when compared with the unmodified binding protein
is achieved by genetic engineering of the glycosylation pattern of
the modified binding protein.
[0089] Thus, if corresponding antibody molecules are being used as
binding protein, such a modified binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention may have a glycosylation pattern
of Fc-linked oligosaccharides that is different from the
glycosylation pattern of Fc-linked oligosaccharides of the
unmodified binding protein. In particular, the modified binding
protein is less fucosylated than the unmodified binding protein.
The modified binding protein can also be non-fucosylated. For
example, the Fc-linked oligosaccharides of the modified binding
protein can be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%,
99% or 100% less fucosylated than the Fc-linked oligosaccharides of
the unmodified binding protein. In general the fucosylation of a
protein can be measured by techniques known to the person skilled
in the art. For example, one may use Click-iT.RTM. fucose alkyne
from Life Technologies or a method as described in EP 2483693.
[0090] The modified binding protein of the fusion protein of the
present invention can also comprise both, an Fc-optimization and a
glycosylation pattern of Fc-linked oligosaccharides that is
different from the glycosylation pattern of the Fc-linked
oligosaccharides of the unmodified binding protein.
[0091] Thus, in principle an enhanced ADCC of the binding protein
of the present invention can be achieved by genetic engineering of
the glycosylation pattern and/or the amino acid sequence of the CH2
domain of the IgG-Fc part that is contained in most antitumor
antibodies in current clinical use (Shinkawa et al. (2003) "The
absence of fucose but not the presence of galactose or bisecting
N-acetylglucosamine of human IgG1 complex-type oligosaccharides
shows the critical role of enhancing antibody-dependent cellular
cytotoxicity" J Biol Chem; 278:3466-3473; Lazar et al. (2006)
"Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function"
Proc Nat Acad Sci USA; 103:4005-4010).
[0092] Both strategies have already been used by the pharmaceutical
industry for the development of Fc optimized third generation
antibodies (Oflazoglu & Audoly (2010) "Evolution of anti-CD20
monoclonal antibody therapeutics in oncology" MAbs; 2:14-19): Roche
(Basel, Switzerland) in cooperation with Glycart (Schlieren,
Switzerland) has developed a glyco engineered CD20-antibody GA101
(Obinutuzumab). In a recent large clinical trial with patients
suffering from chronic lymphatic leukemia (OLL) this antibody was
superior to Rituxan (Goede et al. (2014) "Obinutuzumab plus
Chlorambucil in Patients with CLL and Coexisting Conditions" N Engt
J Med; 370:1101-1110). Two other antibodies directed to the
lymphoma associated antigens CD19 (XmAb5574) and CD30 (XmAb2513),
developed by Xencor (Monrovia, Calif. USA) carry the amino acid
exchanges S239D and I332E (SDIE-modification). As GA101, these
antibodies were reported to exert marked ADCC (Horton et al. (2008)
"Potent in vitro and in vivo activity of an Fc-engineered anti-CD19
monoclonal antibody against lymphoma and leukemia" Cancer Res;
68:8049-8057; Foyil and Bartlett (2010) "Anti-CD30 Antibodies for
Hodgkin lymphoma" Curr Hematol Malig Rep; 5:140-147) and are
currently evaluated in clinical trials). Such commercially
available binding proteins include veltuzumab (anti-CD20 antibody),
ocrelizumab (anti-CD20), ocratuzumab (anti-CD20 antibody),
obinutuzumab (anti-CD20 antibody), XmAb5574 (anti-CD19 antibody)
and XmAb2513 (anti-CD20 antibody).
[0093] In principle, though any commercially available binding
protein can be used for the fusion protein of the present
invention. Further exemplary and purely illustrative binding
proteins which can be used in the fusion protein of the present
invention include rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody), ibritumomab
(anti-CD20 antibody), tiuxetan (anti-CD20 antibody), tositumomab
(anti-CD20 antibody), ofatumumab (anti-CD20 antibody), brentuximab
vedotin (anti-CD30 antibody), gemtuzumab (anti-CD33 antibody),
ozogamicin (anti-CD33 antibody), IGN101 (anti-EpCAM antibody),
adecatumumab (anti-EpCAM antibody), labetuzumab (anti-CEA
antibody), minretumomab (anti-TAG-72 antibody), J591 (anti-PSMA
antibody), hu3S193 (anti-Lewis Y antibody), IgN311 (anti-Lewis Y
antibody), IM-2C6 (anti-VEGF antibody), CDP791 (anti-VEGF
antibody), brevacizumab (anti-VEGF antibody), trastuzumab
(anti-ERBB2 antibody), pertuzumab (anti-ERBB2 antibody), MM-121
(anti-ERBB3 antibody), cetuximab (anti-EGFR antibody), panitumumab
(anti-EGFR antibody), nimotuzumab (anti-EGFR antibody), 806
(anti-EGFR antibody), sibrotuzumab (anti-FAP antibody), F19
(anti-FAP antibody) and 8106 (anti-tenascin antibody). It is
further contemplated by the present invention that commercially
available binding proteins can be modified such that they have an
enhanced ADCC activity compared to their unmodified
counterparts.
[0094] As mentioned above, also envisioned are bispecific binding
proteins with one binding site binding to an antigen which is
associated with a target cell as described herein, while the second
binding site of the bispecific binding proteins binds to an antigen
associated with an effector cell or a target cell. Antigens
associated with an effector cell can include e.g. CD3 or CD16.
[0095] Different bispecific antibodies and divalent antibody
fragments have already been used in clinical settings. Examples of
such bispecific antibodies and divalent antibody fragments that can
also be used for the fusion proteins of the present invention
include BiMAb (anti-CD16.times.anti-CD30 bispecific monoclonal
antibody), HRS-3/A9 (anti-CD16.times.anti-CD30 antibody),
catumaxomab (removab, anti-EpCAM.times.anti-CD3), ertumaxomab
(anti-HER2.times.anti-CD3), SHR-1 (anti-CD3.times.anti-CD19),
blinatumomab, CBA-CEACD3 (CD3.times.CEA), BIS-1
(anti-EGP-2.times.anti-CD3), MT-110 (anti-EpCAM.times.anti-CD3),
EGFRBi (anti-CD3.times.anti-EGFR BiAb), CD20Bi
(anti-CD3.times.anti-CD20 BiAb), MGD006
(anti-CD123.times.anti-CD3), FBTA05 (anti-CD20.times.anti-CD3),
MGD007 (anti-gpA33.times.anti-CD3), MOR209/ES414
(anti-PSMA.times.anti-CD3), BAY2010112 (anti-PSMA.times.anti-CD3),
triomab antibodies such as anti-CD3.times.anti-EpCAM triomab and
EGFRXCD3 bsFab.sub.2 (Jung et al. Int J Cancer "Local immunotherapy
of glioma patients with a combination of 2 bispecific antibody
fragments and resting autologous lymphocytes: evidence for in situ
T-cell activation and therapeutic efficacy." January 15;
91(2):225-30, 2001). In one particular example, the bispecific
antibody molecule binds CD3 and CD19. Examples of such bispecific
CD3.times.CD19 antibody molecules include those single-chain
antibody molecules that are described in International Patent
Applications WO 99/54440 and WO 2004/106381. Such commercially
available binding proteins may also be modified such that they
exhibit an enhanced ADCC activity compared to the unmodified
binding protein as described herein.
[0096] It is noted here that it is within the knowledge of the
person of average skill in the field of protein expression and
purification to construct a fusion of any such binding protein
described herein (antibody molecule or a proteinaceous binding
protein) with antibody-like properties such as "Anticalin.RTM.)
with a mutated IL-15 polypeptide as used herein. Typically, for
this purpose, a nucleic acid is generated which allows, upon
expression, the fusion of the mutated IL-15 polypeptide at either
the C- or the N-terminus of the binding protein. It is within the
knowledge of the person of average skill in the art to determine
(empirically) how to fuse the mutated IL-15 polypeptide to the
binding protein while maintaining the functionality of both
moieties in the fusion protein of the invention.
[0097] It is further envisioned that in one specific embodiment the
binding protein of the fusion protein of the present invention
comprises a binding site of the 4G7 antibody, which has a sequence
identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at
least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO. 5
(the sequence of the heavy chain of the variable domain of 4G7).
The binding protein of the fusion protein of the present invention
can additionally, or alternatively also comprise a binding site of
the 4G7 antibody, which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, or
at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or
at least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO. 6 (the sequence of the light
chain of the variable domain of 4G7). Also these binding proteins
may also be modified such that they exhibit an enhanced ADCC
activity compared to the unmodified binding protein as described
herein.
[0098] It is also envisioned that the binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention comprises a binding site of the
BV10 antibody, which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, or at
least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at
least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO. 7 (the sequence of the heavy chain
of the variable domain of BV10). The binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention can additionally, or alternatively
also comprise a binding site of the BV10 antibody, which has a
sequence identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least
90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or 100% to
SEQ ID NO. 8 (the sequence of the light chain of the variable
domain of BV10). Also these binding proteins may also be modified
such that they exhibit an enhanced ADCC activity compared to the
unmodified binding protein as described herein.
[0099] It is also envisioned that the binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention comprises a binding site of the
4G8 antibody, which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, or at
least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at
least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO. 9 (the sequence of the heavy chain
of the variable domain of 4G8). The binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention can additionally, or alternatively
also comprise a binding site of the 4G8 antibody, which has a
sequence identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least
90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or 100% to
SEQ ID NO. 10 (the sequence of the light chain of the variable
domain of 4G8). Also these binding proteins may also be modified
such that they exhibit an enhanced ADCC activity compared to the
unmodified binding protein as described herein.
[0100] It is further envisioned that the binding protein of the
fusion protein of the present invention comprises a binding site of
the J591 antibody, which has a sequence identity of at least 80%,
or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%,
or at least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO. 11 (the sequence of the heavy
chain of the variable domain of J591). The binding protein of the
fusion protein of the present invention can additionally, or
alternatively also comprise a binding site of the J591 antibody,
which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or
at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or
100% to SEQ ID NO. 12 (the sequence of the light chain of the
variable domain of J591). The J591 antibody is described in U.S.
Pat. No. 6,107,090 and has also been deposited under accession
number ATCC HB-12126. Also these binding proteins may also be
modified such that they exhibit an enhanced ADCC activity compared
to the unmodified binding protein as described herein.
[0101] As mentioned above, the binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention comprises at least one binding
site. The binding protein may however also comprise two or more
(for example three or four) binding sites.
[0102] It is further envisioned that the binding protein of the
fusion protein of the present invention comprises a binding site of
the K-ro23 antibody, which has a sequence identity of at least 80%,
or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%,
or at least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO: 25 (the sequence of the heavy
chain of the variable domain of K-ro23). The binding protein of the
fusion protein of the present invention can additionally, or
alternatively also comprise a binding site of the K-ro23 antibody,
which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or
at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or
100% to SEQ ID NO: 26 (the sequence of the light chain of the
variable domain of K-ro23). Also these binding proteins may also be
modified such that they exhibit an enhanced ADCC activity compared
to the unmodified binding protein as described herein.
[0103] The binding site of the binding protein of the fusion
protein of the present invention binds to an antigen associated
with a target cell. The target cell can, for example, express a
tumor associated antigen (TAA) and/or an antigen associated with
autoimmune diseases. Non limiting examples of such a TAA include
CD19, CD20, CD10, CD21, CD22, CD25, CD30, CD33, CD34, CD37, CD38,
CD44v6, CD45, CDw52, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3, CD135),
c-Kit (CD117), CSF1R, (CD115), CD123, CD133, PDGFR-.alpha.
(CD140a), PDGFR-.beta. (CD140b), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
(CSPG4, melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan),
Muc-1, EGFR, de2-7-EGFR, EGFRvIII, Folate blocking protein,
Her2neu, Her3, PSMA, PSCA, PSA, TAG-72, HLA-DR, IGFR, CD133, IL3R,
fibroblast activating protein (FAP), Carboanhydrase IX (MN/CA IX),
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), EpCAM, CDCP1, Derlin1, Tenascin,
frizzled 1-10, the vascular antigens VEGFR2 (KDR/FLK1), VEGFR3
(FLT4, CD309), Endoglin, CLEC14, Tem1-8, Tie2, mesothelin,
epithelial glycoprotein 2 (EGP2), epithelial glycoprotein 40
(EGP40), cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), interleukin 13 receptor
alpha-2 subunit, IL13R.alpha.2, Ig kappa light chain (.kappa.),
GD3-ganglioside (GD3), GD2-ganglioside (GD2), acetylated variants
of GD2 and GD3, CD171, NCAM, alpha folate receptor (.alpha.FR),
Lewis (Y), fetal acetylcholine receptor (FAR), avian erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ERBB3), avian erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ERBB4), avian erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), hepatocyte growth factor
receptor (HGFR/c-Met), claudin 18.2, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin
1, claudin 12, claudin 2, claudin 5, claudin 8, claudin 7, claudin
6, membrane bound CEA, Robo4 and CD138.
[0104] Exemplary antigens associated with autoimmune diseases
include CD20, CD22, CD52 and TNFR, CD19, CD25, CD40. The target
cell can be a tumor/cancer cell and/or a B cell.
[0105] The fusion protein of the present invention also comprises a
mutated IL-15 polypeptide, wherein the IL-15 polypeptide comprises
at least one amino acid substitution at one or more positions
corresponding to position(s) 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,
112, 113, 114, 115 and/or 116 of the amino acid sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO: 1. Such a mutation results in an IL-15 polypeptide that
has a reduced affinity for IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity
of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1 (Uniprot number: P40933-1). The
IL-15 polypeptide may also not bind at all to IL-15R.alpha.. It is
further envisioned by the present invention that the IL-15
polypeptide can bind to IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma.. In principle,
however, any amino acid substitution/deletion that results in an
IL-15 polypeptide having a reduced affinity for IL-15R.alpha.
compared to the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is
contemplated by the present invention.
[0106] The term "position" when used in accordance with the present
invention means the position of an amino acid within an amino acid
sequence depicted herein. The term "corresponding" as used herein
also includes that a position is not only determined by the number
of the preceding amino acids. The position of a given amino acid in
accordance with the present invention which may be substituted may
vary due to deletions or additional nucleotides elsewhere in e.g.
the (mutant or fragment) IL-15 polypeptide. Similarly, the position
of a given amino acid in accordance with the present invention
which may be substituted may vary due to deletion or addition of
amino acids elsewhere in in e.g. the (mutant, fragment or
wild-type) IL-15 polypeptide.
[0107] Thus, by a "corresponding position" as used is the present
invention it is understood that amino acids may differ in the
indicated number but may still have similar neighboring amino
acids. The amino acids which may be exchanged, deleted or added are
also comprised by the term "corresponding position". Specifically,
the skilled person may, when aligning the reference sequence
(subject sequence) for example SEQ ID No: 1 with an amino acid
sequence of interest (query sequence), for example, inspect a
sequence of interest for the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 (or the
corresponding nucleic acid sequence encoding this protein,
respectively) when looking for the amino acid position as specified
herein (i.e., a position corresponding to position 93 and/or 112 of
the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No: 1).
[0108] More specifically, the amino acid "L" or "E" respectively of
said position is subject to substitution. Said "L" or "E" is then
replaced by another amino acid. For example, the "L" of said
position is substituted by an amino acid other than "L". Or, for
example, the "E" of said position is substituted by an amino acid
other than "E".
[0109] In order to determine whether an amino acid residue in a
given (mutant, fragment) IL-15 polypeptide sequence corresponds to
a certain position in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No: 1 the
skilled person can use means and methods well-known in the art,
e.g., alignments, either manually or by using computer programs
such as BLAST2.0, which stands for Basic Local Alignment Search
Tool or ClustalW or any other suitable program which is suitable to
generate sequence alignments.
[0110] The IL-15 polypeptide of the fusion protein of the present
invention can have at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,
90%, 95% or 99% identity to the IL-15 polypeptide as shown in SEQ
ID NO: 1.
[0111] The term "sequence identity" or "identity" as used in the
present invention means the percentage of pair-wise identical
residues--optionally following (homology) alignment of a sequence
of a IL-15 polypeptide of the invention with a sequence in
question--with respect to the number of residues in the longer of
these two sequences. Identity is measured by dividing the number of
identical residues by the total number of residues and multiplying
the product by 100. Typically, the sequence identity of an IL-15
polypeptide sequence identified herein is defined as the percentage
of amino acids in a candidate sequence (sequence of interest) that
are identical with the amino acids in the protein sequence shown in
SEQ ID No: 1.
[0112] The sequence identity may be determined after aligning the
sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the
maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any
conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity.
Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence
identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill
in the art, for instance, using publically available computer
software such as BLAST, ALIGN, or Megalign (DNASTAR) software.
Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for
measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve
maximum alignment over the full length of the sequences being
compared. For example, BLAST2.0 (Altschul, Nucl. Acids Res. 25
(1997), 3389-3402; Altschul, J. Mol. Evol. 36 (1993), 290-300;
Altschul, J. Mol. Biol. 215 (1990), 403-410; see also
http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAGE_TYPE=BlastHome),
can be used to search for local sequence alignments.
[0113] The IL-15 polypeptide can also comprise at least one amino
acid substitution at one or more positions corresponding to
position(s) 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 114 and/or 115 of the amino
acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The IL-15 polypeptide can also
comprise at least one amino acid substitution at one or more
positions corresponding to position(s) 94, 97, 99 and/or 100 of the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The IL-15 polypeptide
can also comprise at least one amino acid substitution at one or
more positions corresponding to position(s) 94, 97 and/or 98 of the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The IL-15 polypeptide
can also comprise at least one amino acid substitution at one or
more positions corresponding to position(s) 94 and/or 98 of the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0114] The amino acid substitution can be any amino acid
substitution, which results in a change of the amino acid at this
position. In one embodiment, the amino acid is substituted with an
acidic amino acid, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid or a basic
amino acid such as lysine. It is also envisioned by the present
invention that the amino acid corresponding to position 94 of the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with a
basic amino acid. The basic amino acid can for example be selected
from the group consisting of arginine, lysine or histidine,
preferably lysine.
[0115] It is further contemplated by the present invention that the
at least one amino acid substitution is selected from the group
consisting of L44D, E46K, L47D, V49D, I50D, L66D, L66E, I67D, and
I67E. The numbering of these amino acid substitutions corresponds
to the polypeptide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ
ID NO: 4 (FIG. 5). Thus, these amino acid substitutions correspond
to the amino acid substitutions L92D, E94K, L95D, V97D, I98D,
L114D, L114E, I115D, and I115E with respect to SEQ ID NO: 1 see
Tables 3 and 4 below.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Amino acid position of amino acid
substitution with regard to different SEQ ID NOs. Amino acid
position of Corresponding amino acid position amino acid
substitution of amino acid substitution with with regard to SEQ ID
regard to SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ NO: 1 ID NO: 4 in FIG. 5A L92D L44D
E94K E46K L95D L47D V97D V49D I98D I50D
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Amino acid position of amino acid
substitution with regard to different SEQ ID NOs. Amino acid
position of Corresponding amino acid position amino acid
substitution of amino acid substitution with with regard to SEQ ID
regard to SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ NO: 1 ID NO: 4 in FIG. 5A L114D L66D
L114E L66E I115D I67D I115E I67E
[0116] The at least one amino acid substitution can also be
selected from the group consisting of E46K, V49D and/or I50D in
correspondence to the amino acid positions of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ
ID NO: 4 as depicted in FIG. 5. The at least one amino acid
substitution can also be selected from the group consisting of E46K
and/or I50D in correspondence to the amino acid positions of SEQ ID
NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4 as depicted in FIG. 5. The at least one amino
acid substitution can further be selected from the group consisting
of E46K in correspondence to the amino acid positions of SEQ ID NO:
2 or SEQ ID NO. 4 as depicted in FIG. 5A.
[0117] The at least one amino acid substitution can also be
selected from the group consisting of E94K, V97D and/or I98D in
correspondence to the amino acid positions of SEQ ID NO: 1. The at
least one amino acid substitution can also be selected from the
group consisting of E94K and/or I98D in correspondence to the amino
acid positions of SEQ ID NO: 1. The at least one amino acid
substitution can further be selected from the group consisting of
E94K in correspondence to the amino acid positions of SEQ ID NO:
1.
[0118] The IL-15 polypeptide of the fusion protein of the present
invention can be the full length IL-15 protein or any fragment or
mutant thereof, wherein the fragment and or mutant has a reduced
affinity for IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of wild-type
IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1. It is further envisioned by the present
invention that the fragment or mutant can further have the
capability of binding to IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
[0119] Thus, the IL-15 polypeptides as well as mutants or fragments
thereof have two functions on the one hand they can bind to
IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma. and on the other hand (and at the same
time) they have a reduced affinity for IL-15R.alpha. compared to
the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0120] An IL-15 polypeptide fragment can be any fragment of the
IL-15 polypeptide that binds to IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma. and on the
other hand (and at the same time) has a reduced affinity for
IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID
NO: 1. The fragment can comprises less amino acids than the IL-15
polypeptide of the fusion protein of the present invention. Such a
fragment can also include amino acid deletions with respect to SEQ
ID NO: 1. The IL-15 polypeptide fragment can have a length of less
than 162 amino acids, for example, a length of less than 155, 150,
145, 140, 135, 130, 125, 120, 115, 110, 105, 100 or less than even
50 amino acids. An exemplary fragment can be the IL-15 polypeptide,
which consists of or comprises at least the amino acid sequence
shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, which comprises at least one amino acid
substitution at one or more positions corresponding to position(s)
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 60, 61, 62, 63 and/or 64 of the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. Such a IL-15 fragment,
can of course, include the amino acid substitutions as described
herein with regard to SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3 (corresponding to the
respective sequence positions in SEQ ID NO: 4). An IL-15
polypeptide fragment can also at least comprise the amino acids
important for .beta..gamma. receptor binding of SEQ ID NO: 1. For
example a IL-15 polypeptide fragment can have an amino acid
sequence including amino acid positions 55, 56, 58, 59, 116, 117,
156, 157, 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0121] An IL-15 polypeptide mutant may comprise additional amino
acid substitutions or insertions with respect to the IL-15
polypeptide of the fusion protein of the present invention. Thus
the IL-15 polypeptides may have at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%,
60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 99% identity to the IL-15 polypeptide as
shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0122] In general the term "affinity" means the strength of
interaction between an epitope and a binding proteins binding site.
Methods for determining the affinity of a given binding
protein/IL-15 polypeptide are well known to the person skilled in
the art. The binding affinity of a mutant IL-15 polypeptide may be
measured by a multitude of methods such as fluorescence titration,
competition ELISA or surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore.TM.). An
IL-15 polypeptide having a reduced affinity for IL-15R.alpha. has a
lower affinity to the IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of
wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1 to IL-15R.alpha.. It is also
envisioned by the present invention that the IL-15 polypeptide of
the fusion protein of the present invention has an affinity to
IL-15R.alpha. which is 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,
90%, 100% lower than the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO:
1 to IL-15R.alpha..
[0123] For the binding proteins and IL-15 polypeptides described
herein, binding is considered specific when the binding affinity is
higher than 10.sup.-7 M. In particular, binding is considered
specific when binding affinity is about 10.sup.-8 to 10.sup.-11 M
(K.sub.D), or of about 10.sup.-9 to 10.sup.-11 M or even higher.
Thus, binding proteins with an affinity of the first binding site
and/or the second binding site and IL-15 polypeptides in the
picomolar range (with a K.sub.D of 10.sup.-12 M) are also
encompassed in the present invention.
[0124] It is also envisioned by the present invention that the
IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma. can be expressed by an effector cell that
is relied upon in pharmaceutical uses of the invention. This means
that the effector cell can express IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
Exemplary effector cells include a NK cell or a T-cell, such as a
CD8+ T cell, gamma delta T cell or NK T cell. An effector cell can
also be a CD8+ T cell or a NK cell.
[0125] The binding protein and the IL-15 polypeptide of the fusion
protein of the present invention can further comprise a linker.
This also means that a linker may not be present and that the IL-15
polypeptide may be directly connected to the binding protein.
However, a linker may also be present to connect the binding
protein with the IL-15 polypeptide.
[0126] In the latter case, the linker can in principle be attached
anywhere to the binding protein and the IL-15 polypeptide, usually
in between the C-terminus of one part of the fusion protein and the
N-terminus of the other part. Suitable linkers are known in the art
and for example described in Chen et al. (2013) "Fusion protein
linkers: property, design and functionality" Adv Drug Deliv Rev;
65(10):1357-69. The linker can therefore be any linker known in the
art.
[0127] The linker may, for example, be a straight or branched
hydrocarbon based moiety that is coupled to the both partners via
activated chain side groups such as amino-, thiol or hydroxyl
groups. The linker can also comprise cyclic moieties. If the
linking moiety is a hydrocarbon-based moiety the main chain of the
linker may comprise only carbon atoms but can also contain
heteroatoms such as oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) or sulfur (S) atoms.
The linker may for example include a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 carbon atom
chain or a polyether based chain such as polyethylene glycol based
chain with --(O--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2)-- repeating units. In typical
embodiments of hydrocarbon based linkers, the linking moiety may
comprise between 1 to about 150, 1 to about 100, 1 to about 75, 1
to about 50, or 1 to about 40, or 1 to about 30, or 1 to about 20,
including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, and 19 main chain atoms. For example, the linker may
comprise:
##STR00001##
wherein n is an integer from 0 to 20, or from 1 to 10, or from 1 to
5, or wherein n is 3. Thus, for example n may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.
[0128] The linker may however also be a peptide linker of any
suitable length as long as the linker does not interfere with the
function of one or both parts of the fusion protein. The linker may
comprise two or more, five or more, 10 or more, 15 or more, or 20
or more amino acid residues. The peptide linker may comprise any
amino acid residue. In one embodiment, the peptide linker may be
rich in small or polar amino acids such as Gly and Ser, but can
contain additional amino acids such as Thr and Ala to maintain
flexibility, as well as polar amino acids such as Lys and Glu to
improve solubility. Exemplary flexible linkers include but are not
limited to (GGGGS).sub.n, wherein n can be a number between 1-7
(SEQ ID NO: 13), KESGSVSSEQLAQFRSLD (SEQ ID NO: 14) and
EGKSSGSGSESKST (SEQ ID NO: 15), (Gly).sub.8 (SEQ ID NO: 16),
GSAGSAAGSGEF (SEQ ID NO: 17), (Gly).sub.6 (SEQ ID NO: 18).
[0129] Exemplary rigid linkers include but are not limited to
A(EAAAK).sub.nA, wherein n can be a number between 1-7 (SEQ ID NO:
19), (XP).sub.n wherein n can be a number between 1-13, with X
designating any amino acid, preferably Ala, Lys, or Glu,
(Ala-Pro).sub.7 (SEQ ID NO: 20), or a 33-residue peptides
containing repeating -Glu-Pro- or -Lys-Pro-. Exemplary in vivo
cleavable linker include for example LEAGCKNFFPRSFTSCGSLE (SEQ ID
NO: 21), G-S-S-T (SEQ ID NO: 22), CRRRRRREAEAC (SEQ ID NO: 23).
[0130] In one embodiment, the fusion protein of the present
invention comprises a linker, which comprises glycine and serine.
The linker can, for example, comprise the amino acid sequence
GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS ((4-glycine 1-serine).sub.4; SEQ ID NO: 24).
It is possible that either N-terminally and/or C-terminally such as
"glycine-serine" linker may contain further amino acids that are
arranged in between the IL-15 polypeptide and/or the binding
protein. These additional amino acids may, for example, be present
due to the cloning strategy that is used to generate the fusion
protein of the invention. In one such illustrative example, an
"glycine-serine" linker such as a (GGGGS).sub.4 linker may have an
additional N-terminal serine (see, for example, the fusion protein
shown in FIG. 6).
[0131] The linker will however not be attached to the actual
binding site or binding sites of the binding protein and IL-15
polypeptide. For example, the linker(s) will often not be attached
to the CDR3 regions of an antibody or antibody fragment.
[0132] For an antibody based binding protein, the linker(s) can,
for example, be attached to the Fab part or the Fc part of the
antibody molecule (binding protein). More particularly, the
linker(s) may be attached to the CH3, CH2 or CH1 domain of the
binding protein of the fusion protein of the present invention.
Thus, the linker(s) can also be attached to the region, which is
most external in a binding protein. This means that for example,
the linker(s) can be attached to the CH2 domain in e.g. CH3 deleted
binding proteins, or to the CH1 in CH2/CH3 deleted binding
proteins. It also envisioned by the present invention that two
linkers are attached to two CH3 regions of a binding protein such
as an antibody, so that each CH3 domain has one linker attached.
However, the linker may also be attached to only one CH3 region of
a given binding protein. In one embodiment, the IL-15 polypeptide
is linked to the CH3 domain of the binding protein via the
linker.
[0133] It can however also be, for example, in the case of binding
proteins sole consisting of the V.sub.H and V.sub.L chains of an
antibody that the linker(s) is attached to the hinge region
connecting the two chains. In the case of bispecific binding
proteins such as e.g. BiTE constructs like Blinatumomab, the
linker(s) can also be attached to the linker connecting the two
different binding sites.
[0134] As pointed out herein typically linkers are attached to the
Fc domain of binding proteins as described herein. Notably, it is
additionally possible to fuse a CH1, CH2 and/or CH3 domain to a
binding protein typically not comprising such domains. For example,
this can be done for proteinaceous binding molecule with
antibody-like binding properties as described herein or with
immunoreceptors or their ligands as described herein. For example,
such CH1, CH2 and/or CH3 domains can be fused to a lipocalin
molecule via e.g. cloning these domains to the sequence encoding
the proteinaceous binding molecule. In such cases a linker or more
than one linker can then also be attached to these CH1, CH2 and/or
CH3 domains.
[0135] In one illustrative embodiment, the fusion protein of the
present invention may bind endoglin (CD105) as antigen and thus may
comprise a binding protein that binds to endoglin. The binding
protein may, for example, be an antibody molecule or an lipocalin
mutein. Endoglin is a protein that is overexpressed on endothelial
cells and that is essential for angiogenesis, therefore making it
an important protein for tumor growth, survival and metastasis of
cancer cells to other locations in the body. Endoglin is
selectively expressed at high density on angiogenic endothelial
cells and is upregulated by hypoxia through induction of
hypoxia-inducible factor-1-a (HIF-1-a). Endoglin expression is also
upregulated on tumor endothelial cells following inhibition of the
VEGF pathway. In patients with solid tumors, high tumor microvessel
density, as assessed by endoglin immunohistochemistry, has been
correlated with poor prognosis. An exemplary endoglin-binding
antibody that can be used in the fusion protein of the invention is
K-ro23, which has been described in Schwartz, K, doctoral thesis,
2013, Eberhard Karls University, Tubingen, Germany, "Generierung,
praklinische Charakterisierung and Optimierung monoklonaler
Antikorper zur anti-angiogenetischen Therapie solider Tumoren".
Another exemplary endoglin-binding antibody that can be used in
fusion protein of the invention is the antibody termed TRC05, the
variable domains of which are described in Seon et al., (2011),
Endoglin targeted cancer therapy, Curr Drug Deliv, 8(1):135-143.
The antibody TRC105 is currently being studied in clinical trials
for the treatment of multiple solid tumor types, with phase 1 and
phase 2 clinical trials being completed. Accordingly, a fusion
protein of the present invention may preferably comprise the
antibody binding site of K-ro23 or TRC105. This antibody binding
site may comprise or preferably consist of an amino acid sequence
which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, preferably at least
85%, preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, preferably
at least 98%, preferably at least 99% preferably 100% to SEQ ID NO.
27. Said fusion protein may further be attached, preferably
covalently attached to an IgG light chain comprising or preferably
consisting of an amino acid sequence which has a sequence identity
of at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90%,
preferably at least 95%, preferably at least 98%, preferably at
least 99% preferably 100% to SEQ ID NO. 28.
[0136] Another preferred binding partner for the binding site
comprised in the fusion proteins of the invention is fibronectin,
preferably the extra domain-B of fibronectin. Extra domain-B
containing fibronectin (EDB-FN) is a high-molecular-weight
glycoprotein that mediates cell adhesion and migration. The
expression of EDB-FN is associated with a number of cancer-related
biological processes such as tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A preferred embodiment
of the fusion protein of the invention may thus comprise an
antibody molecule that specifically binds to fibronectin,
preferably the extra domain-B of fibronectin, and an IL-15 mutant
described herein. In another preferred embodiment, the binding
partner may be a lipocalin mutein described in International Patent
Application WO2011/069992 that binds the fibronectin extra-domain
B.
[0137] A further preferred binding partner for the binding site
comprised in the fusion proteins of the invention is tenascin,
preferably various isoforms of tenascin C. Tenascin C (TN-C) is a
glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the TNC gene. It is
implicated in a number of different cancers such as osteosarcomas,
chondrosarcomas, bladder cancer, and glioblastomas. In glioblastoma
cells, Tenascin-C expression provides much clinical and functional
significance in terms of cancer prognosis and tumor progression. A
preferred embodiment of the fusion protein of the invention may
thus comprise an antibody molecule that specifically binds to
tenascin, preferably the tenascin c, and an IL-15 mutant described
herein.
[0138] Further preferred binding partners comprised in the fusion
proteins of the invention are carbohydrate antigens, such as
gangliosides GD2 and GD3 and acetylated variants thereof. Such
antigens are expressed on the cell surface of most cancers and
their expression on normal tissue is often limited. GD2 antibodies
as well as immunocytokines derived thereof have been successfully
used for the treatment of children with neuroblastoma (see, for
example, Navid et al, Immune Therapies for Neuroblastoma, Cancer
Biol Ther. 2009 May; 8(10): 874-882, that reports clinical trial
results for anti-GD2 antibodies such as the murine monoclonal
anti-GD2 antibody 3F8, or the chimeric antibody Ch14.18 and the
immunocytokine ch14.18-IL-2 in which the Fab portion of the
antibody 14.18 was linked to IL-2.
[0139] The present invention also relates to the fusion protein of
the present invention for use in target cell-restricted activation
of effector cells expressing IL2/IL-15R.beta..gamma.. The term
"target cell restricted effector cell activation" means that
IL2/IL-15R.beta..gamma. expressing effector cells are activated in
the presence of target cells. This is achieved by the fusion
proteins of the present invention. On one hand, the fusion protein
of the present invention comprises an IL-15 polypeptide as
described herein, which binds to IL2/IL-15R.beta..gamma. expressing
effector cells. In addition, the fusion protein of the present
invention comprises a binding protein, which comprises at least one
binding site, which binds to an antigen associated with a target
cell. Thus, without being bound to theory, by bringing the effector
and target cell in close proximity to each other, the effector cell
can mediate its function such as target cell killing in a target
cell specific manner. Thus, the present invention also relates to
the fusion protein of the present invention for use in target
cell-restricted target cell killing mediated by effector cell
expressing IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma.. For example, the fusion
protein of the present invention can be used in enhancing cytolytic
activity of NK cells and T cells, preferably NK cells, gamma delta
T cell, NK T cell and CD8+ T cells compared to the cytolytic
activity of a fusion protein comprising an unmodified binding
protein not having an enhanced ADCC-activity as defined herein.
[0140] The present invention also relates to the fusion protein of
the present invention for use in treatment of a disease. This
treatment can be any treatment which is based on the engagement of
effector cells. Furthermore, any therapy directed at specific
target cell associated antigens, involving engagement of effector
cells is meant by this term. For example, the treatment of a
disease can be the treatment of a proliferatory disease or an
autoimmune disease.
[0141] Exemplary, and non-limiting examples of proliferatory
diseases include adrenal cancer, anal cancer, bile duct cancer,
bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain and spinal cord tumors, breast
cancer, Castleman disease, cervical cancer, colon cancer,
endometrial cancer, esophagus cancer, Ewing family of tumors, eye
cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors,
gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), gestational trophoblastic
disease, Hodgkin disease, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer, laryngeal
and hypopharyngeal cancer, leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia
(ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia
(CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic myelomonocytic
leukemia (CMML), liver cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung
cancer, small cell lung cancer, lung carcinoid tumor, lymphoma,
lymphoma of the skin, malignant mesothelioma, multiple myeloma,
myelodysplastic syndrome, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer,
nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oral
cavity and oropharyngeal cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer,
pancreatic cancer, penile cancer, pituitary tumors, prostate
cancer, rectum cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary
gland cancer, sarcoma, skin cancer, basal and squamous cell cancer,
melanoma, merkel cell cancer, small intestine cancer, stomach
cancer, testicular cancer, thymus cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine
sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, Waldenstrom
macroglobulinemia, or Wilms tumor. The proliferatory disease can
also be leukemia or lymphoma.
[0142] Non limiting examples of autoimmune diseases include
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Goodpasture's syndrome,
Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Rheumatoid arthritis, Dermatomyositis,
Sjogren's Syndrome, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis, Psoriasis,
Vitiligo, Alopecia areata, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Autoimmune
pancreatitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease, Multiple
sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura, Hemolytic anemia, Antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome, Pernicious anemia, Gastrointestinal diseases,
Celiac disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Autoimmune hepatitis or
Primary biliary cirrhosis.
[0143] With the fusion protein of the present invention it is
intended to generally reduce side effects observed after
application of IL-15 to human patients (Conlon et al. (2015)
"Redistribution, hyperproliferation, activation of natural killer
cells and CD8 T cells, and cytokine production during
first-in-human clinical trial of recombinant human interleukin-15
in patients with cancer." J Clin Oncol. 33(1):74-82). Especially,
these "side effects" are negative side effects, which are not
beneficial to the patients. Without being bound to theory, it is
believed that such negative side effects are due to unspecific
(meaning non target cell specific) effector cell activation. Thus,
since the fusion proteins of the present invention provide for a
target cell restricted activation of effector cells, these side
effects can be reduced or even diminished.
[0144] An "unspecific effector cell activation" or an "off target
activation" of effector cells could therefore be any activation of
effector cells, which is not related to the binding of the binding
protein as described herein to an antigen associated with a target
cell. For example, an off target effector cell activation could
thus be a target cell-independent effector cell activation. In one
embodiment, the unspecific effector cell activation comprises the
activation of effector cells in the absence of target cells.
[0145] Illustrative examples of side effects include infusion
reaction, elevated temperature/fever, dypnoe, circulatory system
problems, immunogenicity, hypersensitivity reactions,
immunosuppression, infections, anemia, autoimmune haemolytic
anaemia, leukopenia, thrombopenia, pancytopenia, cytopenia,
worsening heart failure, tumor lysis, cytokine release syndrome,
thyroid disorders, cardiotoxicity, local skin reaction, elevated
liver transaminases, hypotension, serum sickness, mucocutaneous
reactions, hepatitis reactivation, progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy (PML), renal toxicity and cardiac
arrhythmias.
[0146] The fusion protein of the present invention can also be used
to increase the dosage of the administered fusion protein compared
to the dosage used for a fusion protein comprising the binding
protein of the fusion protein of the present invention, and an
IL-15 polypeptide not comprising at least one amino acid
substitution at one or more positions corresponding to position(s)
92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 112, 113, 114, 115 and/or 116
of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
[0147] The rationale behind this application is again the target
cell restricted mode of action of the fusion proteins of the
invention. The more target restricted the activity of a fusion
molecule is, the smaller are the expected side effects, and thus
the higher can be the applicable dosage. Thus, the fusion protein
of the present invention can be used in treatment in such a way
that the dosage of the administered fusion protein of the present
invention is increased compared to the dosage used for fusion
proteins comprising the binding protein as described herein and the
wild-type IL-15 polypeptide (e.g. of SEQ ID NO: 1).
[0148] A "dosage" of the fusion protein of the present invention
applied may vary within wide limits to achieve the desired
preventive effect or therapeutic response. It will, for instance,
depend on the affinity of a binding protein for a chosen target as
well as on the half-life of the complex between a binding
protein/IL-15 polypeptide and the target antigen in vivo. Further,
the optimal dosage will depend on the biodistribution of the fusion
protein of the present invention, the mode of administration, the
severity of the disease/disorder being treated as well as the
medical condition of the subject/patient. For example, when used in
an ointment for topical applications, a high concentration of the
fusion protein of the invention can be used.
[0149] Any suitable dosage of the fusion protein of the present
invention can be used. It is within knowledge of the person of
average skill in the art to, for example, empirically determine a
suitable dosage of the fusion protein of the present invention. In
illustrative embodiments, the fusion protein can be used in a
dosage of about 0.3 mg/kg body weight of the patient, of about 0.5
mg/kg body weight, of about 1 mg/kg body weight, of about 2 mg/kg
body weight, up to 20 mg/kg or even a higher dosage. The dosage can
also be maximally 20 mg/m.sup.2/day, 15 mg/m.sup.2/day, 10
mg/m.sup.2/day, 7.5 mg/m.sup.2/day, 6 mg/m.sup.2/day, 4
mg/m.sup.2/day or less.
[0150] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition comprising the fusion protein of the present invention
and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
Accordingly, the fusion protein of the present invention can be
formulated into compositions using pharmaceutically acceptable
ingredients as well as established methods of preparation (Gennaro,
A. L. and Gennaro, A. R. (2000) Remington: The Science and Practice
of Pharmacy, 20th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia, Pa.). To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions,
pharmaceutically inert inorganic or organic excipients can be used.
To prepare e.g. pills, powders, gelatin capsules or suppositories,
for example, lactose, talc, stearic acid and its salts, fats,
waxes, solid or liquid polyols, natural and hardened oils can be
used. Suitable excipients for the production of solutions,
suspensions, emulsions, aerosol mixtures or powders for
reconstitution into solutions or aerosol mixtures prior to use
include water, alcohols, glycerol, polyols, and suitable mixtures
thereof as well as vegetable oils.
[0151] The pharmaceutical composition may also contain additives,
such as, for example, fillers, binders, wetting agents, glidants,
stabilizers, preservatives, emulsifiers, and furthermore solvents
or solubilizers or agents for achieving a depot effect. The latter
is that fusion proteins may be incorporated into slow or sustained
release or targeted delivery systems, such as liposomes and
microcapsules.
[0152] The formulations can be sterilized by numerous means,
including filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter, or by
incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid
compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water
or other sterile medium just prior to use. Numerous possible
applications for the fusion protein of the present invention exist
in medicine.
[0153] The present invention also relates to a nucleic acid
molecule encoding for the fusion protein of the present invention.
The nucleic acid molecule may be DNA or RNA and may be of genomic
or synthetic origin and may be single or double stranded. Examples
of nucleic acids include mRNA, cRNA, synthetic RNA, genomic DNA,
cDNA synthetic DNA, a copolymer of DNA and RNA, oligonucleotides,
etc. A respective nucleic acid may furthermore contain non-natural
nucleotide analogues and/or be linked to an affinity tag or a
label, which can then also be comprised by the fusion protein. Such
an affinity tag can be his-tag, flag tag, strep-tag, HA-tag,
calmodulin-tag or GFP-tag. The nucleic acid molecule of the present
invention can for example be comprised in a vector. The present
invention also relates to a host cell comprising the nucleic acid
molecule of the present invention or the vector as described
herein.
[0154] The present invention also relates to a method for producing
the fusion protein of the present invention, comprising using the
nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein for expression of the
fusion protein under conditions allowing expression of the fusion
protein. In one embodiment, the fusion protein is expressed by a
host cell or in a cell-free system.
[0155] The present invention also relates to a method of treating a
disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount
of the fusion protein of the present invention to a subject. The
disease can for example be a proliferatory or autoimmune disease as
described herein.
[0156] The term "administration" means administering of a
therapeutically effective dose of the fusion protein to a subject.
The term "administering" also relates to a method of incorporating
the fusion protein into tissues of an organism. Different routes of
administration are possible. The fusion protein or the
pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can, for
example, be administered via different ways such as any parenteral
or non-parenteral (enteral or topical) route that is
therapeutically effective for (preferably proteinaceous) drugs.
Parenteral application methods include, for example, subcutaneous,
intramuscular, intracerebral, intracerebroventricular, intrathecal,
intranasal, intra-atrial, intraperitoneal or intravenous injection
and infusion techniques, e.g. in the form of injection solutions,
infusion solutions or tinctures. Non-parenteral delivery modes are,
for instance, enteral delivery modes such as oral delivery, e.g. in
the form of pills, tablets, capsules, solutions or suspensions, or
rectally, e.g. in the form of suppositories. However, non-oral
delivery is preferred. Topical application routes include
epicutaneous or inhalational applications. An overview about
pulmonary drug delivery, i.e. either via inhalation of aerosols
(which can also be used in intranasal administration) or intracheal
instillation is given by Patton et al. (2004) for example (J. S.
Patton et al. The lungs as a portal of entry for systemic drug
delivery. Proc. Amer. Thoracic Soc. 2004 Vol. 1 pages 338-344). In
general, fusion proteins and pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention can be administered in formulations containing
conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or
carriers, additives and vehicles as desired and described
herein.
[0157] Notably, the term "therapeutic" or "therapeutic effect"
refers to the inhibition or activation of factors causing or
contributing to the abnormal condition. For example, a therapeutic
effect can be the killing of target cells mediated by the effector
cells. Thus, one can measure such a therapeutic effect by measuring
a decrease in e.g. tumor size or decrease in the amount of B cells
in a subject that received the fusion protein or pharmaceutical
composition of the present invention compared to the subject before
application of the fusion protein or pharmaceutical composition of
the present invention.
[0158] The fusion proteins or pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention can also be used in co-treatment with other
therapies. Such a co-treatment can include administration of the
fusion proteins or pharmaceutical compositions of the present
invention, preferably in the form of a medicament, to a subject
suffering from a disease, such as proliferatory or autoimmune
disease and the administration of another medicament/drug. Examples
of such additional drugs are drugs used in chemotherapy, radiation
therapy, angiogenesis inhibitors or cancer vaccines. Further
examples of such additional drugs are thyroid supplements, vitamins
such as B12, or insulin injections, immunosuppressives, such as
cortisol, natalizumab or Infliximab.
[0159] The fusion proteins or pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention can also be applied to a subject. The term
"subject" can also mean human or an animal. The subject can also be
a subject suffering from cancer or an autoimmune disease. The
subject can be a vertebrate, more preferably a mammal. Mammals
include, but are not limited to, farm animals, sport animals, pets,
primates, mice and rats. Preferably, a mammal is as a human, dog,
cat, cow, pig, mouse, rat etc., particularly preferred is a human
being. Thus, in one embodiment, the subject is a vertebrate,
preferably a human being.
[0160] The present invention also relates to a use of the fusion
protein of the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition
of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for
treating a subject having a disease.
[0161] The present invention also relates to a kit comprising the
fusion protein of the present invention. Such a kit can further
comprise
[0162] a) one or more buffer(s);
[0163] b) one or more protocol(s).
[0164] Suitable buffers include buffers, in which the fusion
proteins or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention
can be stored or in which they can be directly administered to the
subject. In the latter case, such buffer is a non-toxic,
physiologically acceptable buffer.
[0165] The present invention also relates to a method for reducing
unspecific target cell activation in therapy, the therapy
comprising administering to a subject a fusion protein of the
present invention.
[0166] In addition, the present invention relates to a method for
reducing a side effect in therapy, the therapy comprising
administering to a subject a fusion protein of the present
invention. Illustrative examples of a side effect include at least
one of infusion reaction, elevated temperature/fever, dyspnoea,
circulatory system problems, immunogenicity, hypersensitivity
reactions, immunosuppression, infections, anemia, leukopenia,
thrombopenia, worsening heart failure, tumor lysis, cytokine
release syndrome, thyroid disorders, cardiotoxicity, local skin
reaction, thyroid disorders, elevated liver transaminases,
hypotension, serum sickness, mucocutaneous reactions, hepatitis
reactivation, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML),
renal toxicity, or cardiac arrhythmias.
[0167] The present invention also relates to a method for
increasing the dosage of a fusion protein in therapy, the therapy
comprising administering to a subject a fusion protein of the
present invention.
[0168] The present invention is further characterized by the
following items:
[0169] 1. A fusion protein comprising [0170] a) a binding protein
comprising at least one binding site, wherein the binding site
binds to an antigen associated with a target cell; and [0171] b) an
IL-15 polypeptide, wherein the IL-15 polypeptide comprises at least
one amino acid substitution at one or more positions corresponding
to position(s) 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 112, 113, 114,
115 and/or 116 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1
thereby having a reduced affinity for IL-15R.alpha. compared to the
affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID NO: 1 (Uniprot number:
P40933-1).
[0172] 2. The fusion protein of item 1, wherein the binding protein
is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, a divalent
antibody fragment, a monovalent antibody fragment, or a
proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding
properties.
[0173] 3. The fusion protein of item 2, wherein the divalent
antibody fragment is an (Fab).sub.2'-fragment, a divalent
single-chain Fv fragment, a bsFc-1/2-dimer or a bsFc-CH3-1/2
dimer.
[0174] 4. The fusion protein of item 2, wherein the monovalent
antibody fragment is selected from the group consisting of a Fab
fragment, a Fv fragment, a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) or an
scFv-Fc fragment.
[0175] 5. The fusion protein of item 2, wherein the proteinaceous
binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties is selected
from the group of an aptamer, a mutein based on a polypeptide of
the lipocalin family, a glubody, a protein based on the ankyrin
scaffold, a protein based on the crystalline scaffold, an adnectin,
an avimer or a (recombinant) receptor protein.
[0176] 6. The fusion protein of any of items 2-4, wherein the
binding protein is modified such that it has an enhanced antibody
dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-activity compared to the
unmodified binding protein.
[0177] 7. The fusion protein of item 6, wherein the modified
binding protein is Fc optimized.
[0178] 8. The fusion protein of item 7, wherein the modified
binding protein is an antibody, a scFv-Fc fragment, a bsFc-1/2
dimer or a bsFc-CH3-1/2 dimer.
[0179] 9. The fusion protein of item 7 or 8, wherein the
Fc-optimization comprises an amino acid substitution, which is
selected from the group consisting of F243L and/or D270E and/or
R292P and/or S298A and/or S298N and/or Y300L and/or 305I and/or
A330V and/or A330L and/or I332E and/or E333A and/or K334A and/or
P396L and/or S239D, preferably S239D and I332E, wherein the
positional numbering is according to the EU index.
[0180] 10. The fusion protein of item 6, wherein the modified
binding protein has a glycosylation pattern of Fc-linked
oligosaccharides that is different from the glycosylation pattern
of Fc-linked oligosaccharides of the unmodified binding
protein.
[0181] 11. The fusion protein of item 10, wherein the modified
binding protein is less fucosylated than the unmodified binding
protein.
[0182] 12. The fusion protein of item 11, wherein the modified
binding protein is non-fucosylated.
[0183] 13. The fusion protein of any of items 2-4, 6-12, wherein
the binding protein comprises a binding site of the 4G7 antibody,
which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or
at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or
100% to SEQ ID NO. 5 (the sequence of the heavy chain of the
variable domain of 4G7).
[0184] 14. The fusion protein of any of items 2-4, 6-13, wherein
the binding protein comprises a binding site of the 4G7 antibody,
which has a sequence identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or
at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or
100% to SEQ ID NO. 6 (the sequence of the light chain of the
variable domain of 4G7).
[0185] 15. The fusion protein of any of items 1-14, wherein the
target cell expresses a tumor associated antigen (TAA) and/or an
antigen associated with autoimmune diseases.
[0186] 16. The fusion protein of item 15, wherein the TAA is
selected from the group consisting of CD19, CD20, CD10, CD21, CD22,
CD25, CD30, CD33, CD34, CD37, CD38, CD44v6, CD45, CDw52, Fms-like
tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3, CD135), c-Kit (CD117), CSF1R, (CD115),
CD123, CD133, PDGFR-.alpha. (CD140a), PDGFR-.beta. (CD140b),
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4, melanoma-associated
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan), Muc-1, EGFR, de2-7-EGFR,
EGFRvIII, Folate blocking protein, Her2neu, Her3, PSMA, PSCA, PSA,
TAG-72, HLA-DR, IGFR, CD133, IL3R, fibroblast activating protein
(FAP), Carboanhydrase IX (MN/CA IX), Carcinoembryonic antigen
(CEA), EpCAM, CDCP1, Derlin1, Tenascin, frizzled 1-10, the vascular
antigens VEGFR2 (KDR/FLK1), VEGFR3 (FLT4, CD309), Endoglin, CLEC14,
Tem1-8, Tie2, mesothelin, epithelial glycoprotein 2 (EGP2),
epithelial glycoprotein 40 (EGP40), cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4),
interleukin 13 receptor alpha-2 subunit, IL13R.alpha.2, Ig kappa
light chain (.kappa.), GD3-ganglioside (GD3), GD2-ganglioside
(GD2), acetylated variants of GD2 and GD3, CD171, NCAM, alpha
folate receptor (.alpha.FR), Lewis (Y), fetal acetylcholine
receptor (FAR), avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene
homolog 3 (ERBB3), avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene
homolog 4 (ERBB4), avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene
homolog 2 (ERBB2), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/c-Met),
claudin 18.2, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 1, claudin 12, claudin
2, claudin 5, claudin 8, claudin 7, claudin 6, membrane bound CEA,
Robo4, CD138, tenascin and the extra domain-B of fibronectin.
[0187] 17. The fusion protein of item 15, wherein the target cell
expresses an antigen associated with autoimmune diseases, which
antigen is selected from the group consisting of CD20, CD22, CD52
and TNFR, CD19, CD25, CD40.
[0188] 18. The fusion protein of any of items 1-17, wherein the
target cell is a tumor/cancer cell and/or a B cell.
[0189] 19. The fusion protein of any of items 1-18, wherein the
IL-15 polypeptide comprises at least one amino acid substitution at
one or more positions corresponding to position(s) 93, 94, 97, 98,
99, 100, 114 and/or 115 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID
NO:1.
[0190] 20. The fusion protein of item 19, wherein the IL-15
polypeptide comprises at least one amino acid substitution at one
or more positions corresponding to position(s) 94, 97, 99 and/or
100 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
[0191] 21. The fusion protein of item 19 or 20, wherein the amino
acid corresponding to position 94 is substituted with a basic amino
acid.
[0192] 22. The fusion protein of item 21, wherein the basic amino
acid is selected from the group consisting of arginine, lysine and
histidine.
[0193] 23. The fusion protein of any of items 1-18, wherein the at
least one amino acid substitution is selected from the group
consisting of L92D, E94K, L95D, V97D, I98D, L114D, L114E, I115D,
I115E and/or, preferably E94K, V97D and/or I98D, most preferably
E94K.
[0194] 24. The fusion protein of any of items 1-23, wherein the
IL-15 polypeptide does not bind to IL-15R.alpha..
[0195] 25. The fusion protein of any of items 1-24, wherein the
IL-15 polypeptide binds to IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
[0196] 26. The fusion protein of any of items 1-25, wherein the
IL-15 polypeptide is full length IL-15 protein or a fragment or
mutant thereof, which fragment or mutant has a reduced affinity for
IL-15R.alpha. compared to the affinity of wild-type IL-15 of SEQ ID
NO: 1.
[0197] 27. The fusion protein of item 26, wherein the fragment or
mutant further has the capability of binding to
IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
[0198] 28. The fusion protein of any of items 1-27, wherein the
IL-15 polypeptide comprises at least an amino acid sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, which comprises at least one amino acid
substitution at one or more positions corresponding to position(s)
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 64, 65, 66, 67 and/or 68 of the
amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0199] 29. The fusion protein of item 25, wherein the
IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma. is expressed by an effector cell.
[0200] 30. The fusion protein of item 29, wherein the effector cell
expresses IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
[0201] 31. The fusion protein of item 30, wherein the effector cell
is a NK cell or a T-cell, preferably a NK cell, a CD8+ T cell,
gamma delta T cell or NK T cell.
[0202] 32. The fusion protein of any of items 1-31, wherein the
fusion protein further comprises a linker, preferably a peptide
linker.
[0203] 33. The fusion protein of item 32, wherein the linker
comprises glycine and serine.
[0204] 34. The fusion protein of item 32 or 33, wherein the linker
comprises more than 2, more than 5, more than 10, more than 15 or
more than 20 amino acids, preferably the linker comprises 20 amino
acids.
[0205] 35. The fusion protein of item 33 or 34, wherein the linker
comprises the amino acid sequence GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS ((4-glycine
1-serine)4).
[0206] 36. The fusion protein of any of items 32-35, wherein the
IL-15 polypeptide is linked to the CH3 domain of the binding
protein via the linker.
[0207] 37. The fusion protein of any one of the preceding items,
wherein the antigen associated with a target cell is endoglin.
[0208] 38. The fusion protein of item 37, wherein the fusion
protein comprises an amino acid sequence that has a sequence
identity of at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at
least 95%, or at least 98%, or at least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO:
27.
[0209] 39. The fusion protein of claim 38, wherein the fusion
protein is covalently attached to an IgG light chain comprising an
amino acid sequence that has a sequence identity of at least 80%,
or at least 85%, or at least 90%, or at least 95%, or at least 98%,
or at least 99% or 100% to SEQ ID NO. 28.
[0210] 40. The fusion protein of any of items 1-39 for use in
target cell-restricted activation of effector cells expressing
IL2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
[0211] 41. The fusion protein of any of items 1-39 for use in
target cell-restricted target cell killing mediated by effector
cell expressing IL-2/IL-15R.beta..gamma..
[0212] 42. The fusion protein of any of items 1-39 for use in
enhancing cytolytic activity of NK cells and T cells, preferably NK
cells, gamma delta T cell, NK T cell and CD8+ T cells compared to
the cytolytic activity of an unmodified binding protein as defined
in item 6.
[0213] 43. The fusion protein of any of items 1-39 for use in
treatment of a disease.
[0214] 44. The fusion protein for use of item 43, wherein the
disease is a proliferatory disease or an autoimmune disease.
[0215] 45. The fusion protein for use of item 44, wherein the
proliferatory disease is selected from the group consisting of
adrenal cancer, anal cancer, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone
cancer, brain and spinal cord tumors, breast cancer, Castleman
disease, cervical cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer,
esophagus cancer, Ewing family of tumors, eye cancer, gallbladder
cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal
tumor (GIST), gestational trophoblastic disease, Hodgkin disease,
Kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer,
leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia
(AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), liver cancer, lung
cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, lung
carcinoid tumor, lymphoma, lymphoma of the skin, malignant
mesothelioma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, nasal
cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer,
neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oral cavity and oropharyngeal
cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, penile
cancer, pituitary tumors, prostate cancer, rectum cancer,
retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma,
skin cancer, basal and squamous cell cancer, melanoma, merkel cell
cancer, small intestine cancer, stomach cancer, testicular cancer,
thymus cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer,
vulvar cancer, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, or Wilms tumor.
[0216] 46. The fusion protein for use of item 44, wherein the
autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Goodpasture's syndrome,
Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Rheumatoid arthritis, Dermatomyositis,
Sjogren's Syndrome, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis, Psoriasis,
Vitiligo, Alopecia areata, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Autoimmune
pancreatitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease, Multiple
sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura, Hemolytic anemia, Antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome, Pernicious anemia, Gastrointestinal diseases,
Celiac disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Autoimmune hepatitis or
Primary biliary cirrhosis.
[0217] 47. The fusion protein for use of any of items 43-46,
wherein side effects of the treatment are reduced.
[0218] 48. The fusion protein for use of item 47, wherein the side
effects include at least one of infusion reaction, elevated
temperature/fever, dypnoe, circulatory system problems,
immunogenicity, hypersensitivity reactions, immunosuppression,
infections, anemia, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, leukopenia,
thrombopenia, pancytopenia, cytopenia, worsening heart failure,
tumor lysis, cytokine release syndrome, thyroid disorders,
cardiotoxicity, local skin reaction, elevated liver transaminases,
hypotension, serum sickness, mucocutaneous reactions, hepatitis
reactivation, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML),
renal toxicity, cardiac arrhythmias.
[0219] 49. The fusion protein for use of any of items 43-48,
wherein in treatment the dosage of the administered fusion protein
is increased compared to the dosage used for a fusion protein
comprising the binding protein of the fusion protein of any of
items 1-36, and an IL-15 polypeptide not comprising at least one
amino acid substitution at one or more positions corresponding to
position(s) 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 112, 113, 114, 115
and/or 116 of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
[0220] 50. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the fusion
protein of any of items 1-39.
[0221] 51. A nucleic acid molecule encoding for the fusion protein
of any of items 1-39.
[0222] 52. The nucleic acid molecule of item 51 comprised in a
vector.
[0223] 53. Host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of item
51 or the vector of item 52.
[0224] 54. A method for producing the fusion protein of any of
items 1-39, comprising using the nucleic acid encoding the fusion
protein for expression of the fusion protein under conditions
allowing expression of the fusion protein.
[0225] 55. The method of item 54, wherein the fusion protein is
expressed by a host cell or in a cell-free system.
[0226] 56. A method of treating a disease comprising administering
a therapeutically effective amount of the fusion protein as defined
in any of items 1-39 to a subject.
[0227] 57. The method of item 56, wherein the disease is a
proliferatory or autoimmune disease.
[0228] 58. A use of the fusion protein as defined in any of items
1-39 or the pharmaceutical composition of item 50 in the
manufacture of a medicament for treating a subject having a
disease.
[0229] 59. The method of item 56 or use of item 58, wherein the
subject is a vertebrate, preferably a human being.
[0230] 60. A kit comprising the fusion protein of any of items
1-39.
[0231] 61. The kit of item 60, wherein the kit further comprises
[0232] a) one or more buffer(s); [0233] b) one or more
protocol(s).
[0234] 62. A method for reducing unspecific target cell activation
in therapy, the therapy comprising administering to a subject a
fusion protein of any of items 1-39.
[0235] 63. A method for reducing a side effect in therapy, the
therapy comprising administering to a subject a fusion protein of
any of items 1-39.
[0236] 64. The method of item 63, wherein the side effect includes
at least one of infusion reaction, elevated temperature/fever,
dypnoe, circulatory system problems, immunogenicity,
hypersensitivity reactions, immunosuppression, infections, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombopenia, worsening heart failure, tumor lysis,
cytokine release syndrome, thyroid disorders, cardiotoxicity, local
skin reaction, thyroid disorders, elevated liver transaminases,
hypotension, serum sickness, mucocutaneous reactions, hepatitis
reactivation, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML),
renal toxicity, cardiac arrhythmias.
[0237] 65. A method for increasing the dosage of a fusion protein
in therapy, the therapy comprising administering to a subject a
fusion protein of any of items 1-39.
[0238] The invention is further illustrated by the following
non-limiting Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Generation of Fusion Proteins
[0239] Construction of Fc-optimized, SDIE-modified antibodies is
described in Hofmann et al. (2012) "Generation, selection and
preclinical characterization of an Fc-optimized FLT3 antibody for
the treatment of myeloid leukemia" Leukemia 26:1228-1237. A plasmid
containing the human IL-15 sequence was obtained from the DKFZ
Genomics and Proteomics Core facility (vector: pENTR221, hIL-15
GeneBank Accession number: DQ893709, also depicted in SEQ ID NO:
1). Notably, the first 48 amino acids of this sequence comprise the
long 48 amino acid signal peptide, which is cleaved during
secretion of hIL-15 and is not part of the IL-15 fusion proteins.
BspEI and SpeI restriction sites were added via PCR at the 5' and
3' end of the IL-15 sequence which was afterwards cloned into the
pJet1.2 blunt vector. In a first step, the BspEI restriction site
within the IL-15 sequence was removed using mutagenesis PCR. In a
second step the 3 different IL-15 polypeptides were generated via
mutagenesis PCR (E46K, V49D, and I50D--these mutations correspond
to amino acid substitutions E94K, V97D and I98D with regard to SEQ
ID NO: 1, see also Table 3 as described herein). The four different
IL-15 polypeptides were introduced via BspEI and SpeI restriction
sites into an expression vector containing the variable domain for
4G7 (anti-CD19/.alpha.CD19) and the Fc optimized human IgG1
constant region, i.e. the constant domain carries the amino acid
exchanges S239D and I332E (EU numbering). In these constructs the
hIL-15 is directly linked to the CH3 domain via glycine-Serine
(short linker) (FIG. 1).
[0240] The PSMA-IL-15wt and PSMA-IL-15-E46K constructs were
generated accordingly with an expression vector containing the
sequence for J591 (anti-PSMA). The constructs with the long linker
were generated as follows: a sequence coding for the 20 amino acid
long linker (4-glycine 1-serine).sub.4 plus the first 39
nucleotides of the IL-15 sequence were synthesized as DNA fragments
(containing 5' BspEI and 3' BgIII restrictions sites) at Eurofins
Genomics, Ebersberg, Germany. The IL-15 sequence contains a BgIII
restriction site at nucleotide position 39, thus the (4G-1S).sub.4
linker was ligated into the different IL-15 containing expression
vectors via BspEI and BgIII. Likewise, the endoglin-IL-15wt and
endoglin IL-15-E46K constructs were generated accordingly using an
expression vector containing the sequence for K-ro23 (chimeric
anti-endoglin antibody).
[0241] All heavy chain plasmids were transfected together with
appropriate light chain vectors into SP2/0 cells. Single antibody
producing clones were expanded and the antibodies were purified
from the supernatant by affinity chromatography with protein A.
EXAMPLE 2
Binding to IL-15R.alpha.
[0242] CD19-positive NALM16 cells were incubated with different
concentrations of distinct fusion proteins, stained with a
recombinant, His-tagged IL-15R-.alpha.-Fc-fusion protein (R&D
systems), a Biotin-labeled anti-His antibody (Qiagen) and finally
with a streptavidin PE-conjugate (Life technologies). Cells were
then analyzed by flow cytometry (BD FACS Calibur). To select the
most suitable fusion proteins CD19-positive NALM16 cells were
incubated with the indicated concentrations of distinct fusion
proteins (on the y-axis of FIGS. 2A and B).
[0243] Fusion protein .alpha.CD19-IL15wt comprised a 4G7 antibody
(anti-CD19 antibody) with an Fc optimized human IgG1 constant
region (SDIE mutation as described above) fused to wild-type human
IL-15, wherein the hIL-15 is directly linked to the CH3 domain via
glycine-serine (short linker). This fusion protein served as a
control. Further tested fusion proteins named .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K
(4G7-IL15-E46K), .alpha.CD19-IL15-V49D (4G7-IL15-V49D) or
.alpha.CD19-IL15-I50D (4G7-IL15-I50D) comprised the 4G7 antibody,
with an Fc optimized (SDIE) human IgG1 constant region. The IL-15
polypeptide comprised the indicated amino acid substitution,
respectively. These amino acid substitutions correspond to the
numbering of SEQ ID NO: 2 (shown in FIG. 5A). In all these fusion
proteins the hIL-15 is directly linked to the CH3 domain via
glycine-serine (short linker).
[0244] Since the CD19 binding protein (here 4G7 antibody) is
directed against CD19 it will thus bind to the NALM16 cells in this
assay. To understand if the IL-15 polypeptides of the fusion
proteins remained their ability to bind to IL-15R.alpha. a
His-tagged IL-15R.alpha.-Fc-fusion protein (R&D systems) was
added to the cultures. Thus, if the IL-15 polypeptide of the fusion
proteins remained its ability to bind to IL-15R.alpha. the added
His-tagged IL-15R.alpha.-Fc-fusion protein will remain bound via
the fusion protein to the NALM 16 cells. Thus, upon addition of a
Biotin-labeled anti-His antibody (Qiagen) and a streptavidin
PE-conjugate (Life technologies) a detectable signal will be
generated. This signal was measured by the Mean Fluorescence
Intensity (MFI; y-axis of FIG. 2A).
[0245] FIG. 2A shows that the MFI detected for the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-wt (4G7-IL-15-wt) fusion protein is around 300
MFI. Since IL-15 normally binds to ILR-15R.alpha. this signal
provides evidence for a binding of IL-15 to ILR-15.alpha.. The
.alpha.CD19-IL15-V49D (4G7-IL15-V49D) fusion protein performed not
as prominent as the control thereby indicating that this fusion
protein did bind to ILR-15.alpha. with a slightly reduced compared
to the .alpha.CD19-IL-15-wt fusion protein. On the contrary, the
fusion proteins .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K and .alpha.CD19-IL15-I50D
showed a MFI signal of around 150, indicating that the binding to
ILR-15.alpha. is strongly diminished (or even absent) compared to
the .alpha.CD19-IL-15-wt fusion protein. Thus, two of the three
IL-15 polypeptides evaluated, E46K and I50D, were diminished
in/devoid of IL-15R.alpha.-binding if used within a fusion protein
of the present invention (FIG. 2A).
EXAMPLE 3
Cytolytic Activity of Various Fusion Proteins Containing Different
IL-15 Polypeptides
[0246] In the next experiment the cytolytic activity of the fusion
proteins tested in Example 2 was analyzed. To achieve that, NALM16
cells were incubated with the respective fusion proteins.
Additionally, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a
healthy volunteer were added to this culture. Usually such PBMC
cells comprise lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Some of the
lymphocytes such as e.g. NK cells, CD8+ T cells or NK T cells
express the .beta. and common .gamma. chain of the IL-2/IL-15
receptor to which IL-15 can bind (in addition to the IL-15 .alpha.
chain). Thus, upon binding of the fusion proteins to both the
NALM16 cells via the .alpha.CD19 (4G7) binding protein and to the
.beta..gamma.-positive cell via the IL-15 polypeptide the NALM16
(CD19 expressing) target cell can be killed.
[0247] To analyze this cytolytic activity, proliferation of the
NALM16 target cells was assessed using a .sup.3H-thymidine uptake
assay after 2 days. In this regard, proliferation in the absence of
fusion proteins and PBMC was defined as 100% proliferation, which
means 0% inhibition of proliferation. Thus, the higher the amount
of the inhibition of proliferation detected, the less proliferation
takes place in this assay. Similarly, the smaller the amount of
proliferation, the higher the cytolytic activity of the fusion
protein.
[0248] As can be seen in FIG. 2B, the .alpha.CD19-IL15-wt and the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-V49D fusion proteins performed both at about
80-85%, however, in the case of the mutant protein higher
concentrations were required to achieve a comparable activity. The
.alpha.CD19-IL15-I50D fusion protein resulted in an inhibition of
about 60% of the proliferation comparable to that obtained by the
parental .alpha.CD19-SDIE (4G7SDIE) antibody without an IL-15
moiety fused to it. Notably, the .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K fusion
protein together with the wild type protein provided the highest
inhibition of proliferation (FIG. 2B). Thus, the fusion protein
containing the IL-15 polypeptide with the E46K amino acid
substitution showed the highest cytolytic activity of all mutated
proteins against CD19 expressing target cells and was thus used in
subsequent experiments.
EXAMPLE 4
Proliferation Induced by Different Fusion Proteins in NK92 Cells
and PBMC Cells
[0249] To test for the importance of a long linker (L) versus a
short linker, proliferation of IL15 responsive cells was assessed
using the 3H-thymidine uptake assay described in Example 3.
Responsive cells were either NK92 cells (FIG. 3A) or PBMC (FIG.
3B). In fusion proteins comprising the short linker hIL-15 is
directly linked to the CH3 domain via glycine-serine (short
linker). The fusion proteins with the long linker comprise a 20
amino acid long linker (4-glycine 1-serine)4, which directly links
hIL-15 to the CH3 domain.
[0250] Fusion proteins containing the long or the short linker were
incubated with NK92 cells (FIG. 3A) or PBMC (FIG. 3B) cells for two
days. Then, cells were pulsed with .sup.3H thymidine, harvested at
day 3 on filter mats and counted in a liquid scintillation
counter.
[0251] In FIG. 3A, NK92 cells were incubated with different
concentrations of the distinct fusion proteins as indicated (x-axis
and Figure legend). NK92 cells are natural killer lymphoma cells,
which do not express CD19 to which the .alpha.CD19 (4G7) binding
protein binds (Gong et al. (1994) "Characterization of a human cell
line (NK-92) with phenotypical and functional characteristics of
activated natural killer cells" Leukemia; 8(4):652-8). Thus, this
cell culture is devoid of target cells. By measuring proliferation
.sup.3H-thymidine counts as depicted on the y-axis (FIG. 3A), the
ability of the fusion proteins to induce proliferation in effector
cells in general is assessed.
[0252] The .alpha.CD19-IL15wt and .alpha.CD19-IL15wt-L (containing
the long linker) resulted in a .sup.3H thymidine count of about
25000, however in the case of the mutant protein higher
concentrations are required to achieve comparable activity. The
.alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K provided for a lesser amount of proliferation
in the cell culture (about 5000 counts of .sup.3H thymidine).
Notably, the fusion protein .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K-L (containing the
long linker) induced a proliferation of about 20000 counts (FIG.
3A). Thus, the fusion protein .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K-L induced a
higher proliferation/activation than the .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K
fusion protein.
[0253] Similar results were also obtained in FIG. 3B. Here, PBMC
cells were incubated with different concentrations of the distinct
fusion proteins as indicated (x-axis and Figure legend in FIG. 3B).
Some PBMCs (such as B cells) also express CD19, which is detected
by the 4G7 binding protein. Notably, a PBMC culture also comprises
some potential effector cells such as e.g. NK cells. As in FIG. 3A,
the proliferation was determined by .sup.3H-thymidine counts as
depicted on the y-axis (FIG. 3B).
[0254] In these experiments, the .alpha.CD19-IL15wt and
.alpha.CD19-IL15wt-L (containing the long linker and wild-type (wt)
IL-15 resulted in a .sup.3H thymidine count of about 6000 and
12000, respectively. Again, the .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K provided for
a lesser extend of proliferation (about 4500 counts of .sup.3H
thymidine), while the fusion-protein .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K-L
(containing the long linker) resulted in a detected proliferation
similar to the IL-15 wild-type fusion proteins (about 8500 counts;
FIG. 3B). Thus in this experiment, the .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K-L
induced a higher proliferation/activation of cells than the
.alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K fusion protein.
EXAMPLE 5
Target Cell Restricted NK Cell Activation and Target Cell
Killing
[0255] To evaluate target cell restricted activity of the generated
fusion proteins, normal PBMC were incubated with wild-type IL-15
and mutated IL-15 polypeptides comprised in fusion proteins
targeting the B cell associated CD19 antigen and the prostate
specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Since B cells are present within
PBMC cultures CD19 serves as a relevant target antigen in this
setting, whereas PSMA is absent and thus irrelevant. PBMC were
incubated for three days with the indicated fusion proteins (0.1
.mu.g/ml) and were then analyzed by flow cytometry.
[0256] In FIG. 4A NK cell activation was assessed by measuring the
numbers of CD56-positive cells expressing CD69 (CD56+/CD69+ double
positive cells). CD69 is expressed by activated T and B cells,
activated macrophages and NK cells, while CD56 is expressed by only
NK cells. By selecting double positive cells (CD56+/CD69+), only
activated NK cells are measured.
[0257] In FIG. 4A, cell counts are provided on the y-axis and the
different fusion proteins utilized are depicted on the x-axis. In
the control PBMC culture ("only PBMC") about 15000 cells expressed
CD56 (CD56+) and about 1000 were double-positive for CD56 and CD69
(CD56+/CD69+). Application of the .alpha.CD19-SDIE (4G7 antibody
comprising the SDIE mutations; 4G7-SDIE) did change the composition
of the cells only marginally (to about 2500 activated NK cells). On
the contrary, the number of activated NK cells within PBMC cultures
massively increased as a result of the addition of the
.alpha.CD19-SDIE-IL15wt-L fusion protein to approx. 20.000
activated NK cells). A less prominent but still remarkable increase
in the number of activated NK cells (approx. 12.000) was observed
with the .alpha.CD19-SDIE-IL15-E46K-L construct.
[0258] Additional experiments were conducted with fusion proteins
targeting PSMA, which is not expressed by PBMC cells. Here, the
addition of the PSMA-IL-15-E46K-L fusion protein did not activate
NK cells. On the contrary, the application of the PSMA-IL-15wt
construct also significantly increased the number of activated NK
cells within the CD56-positive cell pool. From these results it can
be concluded that NK cell activation by the constructs containing
the IL-15 polypeptide with reduced affinity to IL-15R.alpha. is
target cell restricted, that is the fusion protein targeting CD19
but not that targeting PSMA activates NK cells and kills B cells.
In contrast, upon application of fusion proteins comprising
wild-type IL-15 (with normal affinity for IL-15R.alpha.) target
cell restricted activation of NK cell is less prominent or even
absent. This is because wild type IL-15 is trans-presented by
.alpha.IL15R.alpha. and therefore does not require target cell
binding to exert its activity.
[0259] In FIG. 4B B cell killing was assessed by measuring the
numbers of CD20+ B cells. CD20 is exclusively expressed in B cells,
thus the less B cells are present in the cell culture the more
effective is the B cell killing of the fusion proteins comprising
an .alpha.CD19 binding protein (4G7; anti-CD19 antibody).
[0260] Also in this experiment, a cell culture containing only PBMC
cells without the addition of any fusion proteins served as a
control. Here about 12000 CD20-positive (CD20+) B cells were
counted. The addition of the .alpha.CD19-SDIE control resulted in a
decrease of CD20-positive B cells (to about 5000 cells). Notably,
the .alpha.CD19-15wt-L and .alpha.CD19-IL15-E46K-L fusion proteins
resulted in the greatest decrease in CD20-positive B cells (about
2000 cells). On the contrary, the addition of a PSMA-IL15wt fusion
protein showed a decrease to about 6000 cells. Notably, the
PSMA-IL15-E46K-L fusion protein did not alter the number of
CD20-positive B-cells in comparison to the "only PBMC" control.
[0261] Thus, the reduction of the number of CD20+ cells (B cell
depletion) by the binding protein/IL-15 fusion proteins was more
pronounced than that achieved by the Fc-optimized CD19 antibody
(.alpha.CD19-SDIE; 4G7SDIE) alone (FIG. 4B). Furthermore, the PSMA
directed fusion protein PSMA-IL15-E46K-L did not have any effect on
the CD20-positive B cells and the PSMA IL15-wt fusion protein had a
moderate effect. Thus, the target cell restricted B cell killing is
most prominent using the IL-15-E46K-L fusion proteins, while fusion
proteins comprising IL-15 wild-type showed a less prominent or even
absent target cell restricted killing of B cells (FIG. 4B).
[0262] In FIG. 4C NK-cell activation was assessed in B-cell
depleted PBMC cultures. B cells were depleted with
magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) using CD19 MicroBeads
(Miltenyi Biotec). As in FIG. 4B, for determination of cell numbers
an equal amount of BD negative beads (negative beads from BD
Biosciences) was added to each sample. During flow cytometry
measurement of the same number of BD negative beads were acquired
for all samples. This allowed the quantification of cells and
direct comparison of cell numbers between different samples from
one experiment. Since CD69 is expressed by activated T and B cells,
activated macrophages and NK cells and CD56 is expressed by only NK
cells, depletion of B cells restricted these cell pools to T cells
and NK cells. Because CD19 expressing cells are depleted on these
experiments the activity of the CD19 targeting fusion protein
containing mutated IL-15 is strongly reduced but not of that
containing wild type protein.
[0263] Conclusions: NK cell activation by the fusion proteins
comprising the IL-15 polypeptides with a reduced affinity for
IL-15R.alpha. of wild-type IL-15 (SEQ ID NO: 1) are target cell
restricted, that is the protein targeting CD19 but not that
targeting PSMA activates NK cells and kills B cells. Consequently,
NK cell activation by the CD19 targeting fusion protein was
diminished if B cells were depleted from the PBMC (FIG. 4C). [0264]
a. NK cell activation by both fusion proteins containing wild-type
IL-15 is not target cell restricted, that is both fusion proteins
induce NK cell activation and at least some killing of B cells
irrespective of the antigen targeted. [0265] b. B cell depletion by
the binding protein/IL-15 fusion proteins (with reduced affinity
for IL-15R.alpha. than wild-type IL-15) is more pronounced than
that by the Fc-optimized CD19 antibody (.alpha.CD19-SDIE) alone
(FIG. 4B).
[0266] Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in this
document, including the description and claims, have the
definitions given below.
[0267] It is to be noted that as used herein, the singular forms
"a", "an", and "the", include plural references unless the context
clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a
reagent" includes one or more of such different reagents and
reference to "the method" includes reference to equivalent steps
and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art that could
be modified or substituted for the methods described herein.
[0268] Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to
ascertain, using not more than routine experimentation, many
equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described
herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the
present invention.
[0269] Unless otherwise indicated, the term "at least" preceding a
series of elements is to be understood to refer to every element in
the series. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to
ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many
equivalents to the specific embodiments of the methods and uses
described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed
by the present invention.
[0270] Several documents are cited throughout the text of this
disclosure. Each of the documents cited herein (including all
patents, patent applications, scientific publications,
manufacturer's specifications, instructions, etc.), whether supra
or infra, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
To the extent the material incorporated by reference contradicts or
is inconsistent with this specification, the specification will
supersede any such material. Nothing herein is to be construed as
an admission that the invention is not entitled to antedate such
disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
[0271] Throughout this specification and the claims which follow,
unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and
variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood
to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of
integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or
step or group of integer or step. When used herein the term
"comprising" can be substituted with the term "containing" or
sometimes when used herein with the term "having".
[0272] When used herein "consisting of" excludes any element, step,
or ingredient not specified in the claim element. When used herein,
"consisting essentially of" does not exclude materials or steps
that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics
of the claim. In each instance herein any of the terms
"comprising", "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" may
be replaced with either of the other two terms.
[0273] As used herein, the conjunctive term "and/or" between
multiple recited elements is understood as encompassing both
individual and combined options. For instance, where two elements
are conjoined by "and/or", a first option refers to the
applicability of the first element without the second. A second
option refers to the applicability of the second element without
the first. A third option refers to the applicability of the first
and second elements together. Any one of these options is
understood to fall within the meaning, and therefore satisfy the
requirement of the term "and/or" as used herein. Concurrent
applicability of more than one of the options is also understood to
fall within the meaning, and therefore satisfy the requirement of
the term "and/or" as used herein.
[0274] The word "about" as used herein refers to a value being
within an acceptable error range for the particular value as
determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which will depend
in part on how the value is measured or determined, i.e., the
limitations of the measurement system. For example, "about" can
mean within 1 or more than 1 standard deviation, per the practice
in the art. The term "about" is also used to indicate that the
amount or value in question may be the value designated or some
other value that is approximately the same. The phrase is intended
to convey that similar values promote equivalent results or effects
according to the invention. In this context "about" may refer to a
range above and/or below of up to 10%. The word "about" refers in
some embodiments to a range above and below a certain value that is
up to 5%, such as up to up to 2%, up to 1%, or up to 0.5% above or
below that value. In one embodiment "about" refers to a range up to
0.1% above and below a given value.
REFERENCE LIST
[0275] 1. Beck A, Wurch T, Bailly C, Corvaia N. Strategies and
challenges for the next generation of therapeutic antibodies. Nat
Rev Immunol. 2010; 10:345-352. [0276] 2. Shinkawa T, Nakamura K,
Yamane N, et al. The absence of fucose but not the presence of
galactose or bisecting N-acetylglucosamine of human IgG1
complex-type oligosaccharides shows the critical role of enhancing
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem. 2003;
278:3466-3473. [0277] 3. Lazar G A, Dang W, Karki S, Vafa O, Peng J
S, Hyun L, Chan C, Chung H S, Eivazi A, Yoder S C, Vielmetter J,
Carmichael D F, Hayes R J, Dahiyat B I. Engineered antibody Fc
variants with enhanced effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
2006; 103:4005-4010. [0278] 4. Oflazoglu E, Audoly L P. Evolution
of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapeutics in oncology. MAbs.
2010; 2:14-19. [0279] 5. Valentin Goede, M.D., Kirsten Fischer,
M.D., Raymonde Busch, M.S., Anja Engelke, M.D., Barbara Eichhorst,
M.D., Clemens M. Wendtner, M.D., Tatiana Chagorova, M.D., Javier de
la Serna, M.D., Marie-Sarah Dilhuydy, M.D., Thomas Ilimer, M.D.,
Stephen Opat, M.D., Carolyn J. Owen, M.D., Olga Samoylova, M.D.,
Karl-Anton Kreuzer, M.D., Stephan Stilgenbauer, M.D., Hartmut
Dohner, M.D., Anton W. Langerak, Ph.D., Matthias Ritgen, M.D.,
Michael Kneba, Elina Asikanius, M.Sc., Kathryn Humphrey, B.Sc.,
Michael Wenger, M.D., and Michael Hallek, M.D. Obinutuzumab plus
Chlorambucil in Patients with CLL and Coexisting Conditions. N Engt
J Med 2014; 370:1101-1110. [0280] 6. Horton H M, Bernett M J, Pong
E, Peipp M, Karki S, Chu S Y, Richards J O, Vostiar I, Joyce P F,
Repp R, Desjarlais J R, Zhukovsky E A. Potent in vitro and in vivo
activity of an Fc-engineered anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody against
lymphoma and leukemia. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8049-8057. [0281] 7.
Foyil K V, Bartlett N L. Anti-CD30 Antibodies for Hodgkin lymphoma.
Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2010; 5:140-147. [0282] 8. Ring A M, Lin J
X, Feng D, Mitra S, Rickert M, Bowman G R, Pande V S, Li P, Moraga
I, Spolski R, Ozkan E, Leonard W J, Garcia K C. Mechanistic and
structural insight into the functional dichotomy between IL-2 and
IL-15. Nat Immunof 2012; 13:1187-1195. [0283] 9. Waldmann T A. The
biology of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: implications for
cancer therapy and vaccine design. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:595-601.
[0284] 10. Perna K, De Angelis B, Pagliara D, Hasan S T, Zhang L,
Mahendravada A, Heslop H E, Brenner M K, Rooney C M, Dotti G.
Savoldo B. Interleukin 15 provides relief to CTLs from regulatory T
cell-mediated inhibition: implications for adoptive T cell-based
therapies for lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:106-117. [0285]
11. Liu R B, Engels B, Schreiber K, Ciszewski C, Schietinger A,
Schreiber H, Jabri B. IL-15 in tumor microenvironment causes
rejection of large established tumors by T cells in a noncognate T
cell receptor-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013;
110:8158-8163. [0286] 12. List T, Neri D. Immunocytokines: a review
of molecules in clinical development for cancer therapy. Clin
Pharmacol 2013; 5:29-45. [0287] 13. Gillies S D, Reilly E B, Lo K
M. Reisfeld R A. Antibody-targeted interleukin 2 stimulates Tcell
killing of autologous tumor cells. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 1992;
89:1428-1432. [0288] 14. Albertini M R, Hank J A, Gadbaw 8,
Kostlevy J, Haldeman J, Schalch H, Gan J, Kim K, Eickhoff J,
Gillies S D, Sondel P M. Phase II trial of hu14.18-11.2 for
patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012;
61:2261-2271. [0289] 15. Ribas A, Kirkwood J M, Atkins M B,
Whiteside T L, Gooding W, Kovar A, Gillies S D, Kashala O, Morse M
A. Phase 1/11 open-label study of the biologic effects of the
interleukin-2 immunocytokine EMD 273063 (hu14.18-IL2) in patients
with metastatic malignant melanoma. J Transl Med 2009; 7:68. [0290]
16. Bessard A, Sole V, Bouchaud G, Quernener A. Jacques Y. High
antitumor activity of RLI, an interleukin-15 (1L-15)-1L-15 receptor
alpha fusion protein, in metastatic melanoma and colorectal cancer.
Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2736-2745. [0291] 17. Vincent M, Bessard A,
Cochonneau D, Teppaz G, Sold V, Mailiasson M, Birkld S,
Garrigue-Antar L, Quernener A, Jacques Y. Tumor targeting of the
1L-15 superagonist RLI by an anti-GD2 antibody strongly enhances
its antitumor potency. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:757-765. [0292] 18.
Kermer V, Baum V, Hornig N, Kontermann R E, Muller D. An antibody
fusion protein for cancer immunotherapy mimicking IL-15
trans-presentation at the tumor site. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;
11:1279-1288. [0293] 19. Rubinstein M P, Kovar M, Purton J F, Cho J
H, Boyman O, Surh C D, Sprent J. Converting IL-15 to a superagonist
by binding to soluble IL-15R{alpha}. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;
103:9166-9171. [0294] 20. Bernard J, Harb C, Mortier E, Qudmener A,
Meloen R H, Vermot-Desroches C, Wijdeness J, van Dijken P,
Grotzinger J, Slootstra J W, Plet A, Jacques Y. Identification of
an interleukin-15alpha receptor-binding site an human
interleukin-15. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:24313-24322. [0295] 21.
Quemener A, Bernard J, Mortier E, Plet A, Jacques Y, Tran V.
Docking of human interleukin-15 to its specific receptor alpha
chain: correlation between molecular modeling and mutagenesis
experimental data. Proteins 2006; 65:623-636 [0296] 22. Hofmann M,
Grosse-Hovest L, Nubling T, Pyz E. Bamberg M L, Aulwurm S, Buhring
H J, Schwartz K, Haen S P, Schilbach K, Rammensee H G, Salih H R,
Jung G. Generation, selection and preclinical characterization of
an Fc-optimized FLT3 antibody for the treatment of myeloid
leukemia. Leukemia 2012; 26:1228-1237. [0297] 23. Holt L J, Herring
C, Jespers L S, Woolven B P, Tomlinson I M. Domain antibodies:
proteins for therapy. Trends Biotechnol. 2003 November;
21(11):484-90 [0298] 24. Ill C R, Gonzales J N, Houtz E K, Ludwig J
R, Melcher E D, Hale J E, Pourmand R, Keivens V M, Myers L, Beidler
K, Stuart P, Cheng S, Radhakrishnan R. Design and construction of a
hybrid immunoglobulin domain with properties of both heavy and
light chain variable regions. Protein Eng. 1997 August;
10(8):949-57 [0299] 25. Martin F, Toniatti C, Salvati A L,
Venturini S, Ciliberto G, Cortese R, Sollazzo M. The
affinity-selection of a minibody polypeptide inhibitor of human
interleukin-6. EMBO J. 1994 Nov. 15; 13(22):5303-9 [0300] 26.
Traunecker A, Lanzavecchia A, Karjalainen K. Bispecific single
chain molecules (Janusins) target cytotoxic lymphocytes on HIV
infected cells. EMBO J. 1991 December; 10(12):3655-9 [0301] 27.
Traunecker A, Lanzavecchia A, Karjalainen K. Janusin: new molecular
design for bispecific reagents. Int J Cancer Suppl. 1992; 7:51-2
[0302] 28. Silverman J, Liu Q, Bakker A, To W, Duguay A, Alba B M,
Smith R, Rivas A, Li P, Le H, Whitehorn E, Moore K W, Swimmer C,
Perlroth V, Vogt M, Kolkman J, Stemmer W P. Multivalent avimer
proteins evolved by exon shuffling of a family of human receptor
domains. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 December; 23(12):1556-61. Epub 2005
Nov. 20 [0303] 29. Silverman J, Liu Q, Bakker A, To W, Duguay A,
Alba B M, Smith R, Rivas A, Li P, Le H, Whitehorn E, Moore K W,
Swimmer C, Perlroth V, Vogt M, Kolkman J, Stemmer W P. Multivalent
avimer proteins evolved by exon shuffling of a family of human
receptor domains. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 December; 23(12):1556-61.
Epub 2005 Nov. 20. [0304] 30. Lamerisa et al. "Bispecific antibody
platforms for cancer immunotherapy" Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2014;
S1040-8428(14)00135-8 [0305] 31. Altschul, Nucl. Acids Res. 25
(1997), 3389-3402 [0306] 32. Chen et al. "Fusion protein linkers:
property, design and functionality" Adv Drug Deliv Rev; 2013;
65(10):1357-69 [0307] 33. Gennaro, A. L. and Gennaro, A. R. (2000)
Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Ed.,
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa. [0308] 34. J.
S. Patton et al. The lungs as a portal of entry for systemic drug
delivery. Proc. Amer. Thoracic Soc. 2004 Vol. 1 pages 338-344
[0309] 35. Jung et al. Local immunotherapy of glioma patients with
a combination of 2 bispecific antibody fragments and resting
autologous lymphocytes: evidence for in situ t-cell activation and
therapeutic efficacy Int J Cancer January 2001; 15; 91(2):225-30,
[0310] 36. Natsume A, Niwa R, Satoh M. "Improving effector
functions of antibodies for cancer treatment: Enhancing ADCC and
CDC" Drug Des Devel Ther. 2009; 3:7-16. [0311] 37. Gong J H, Maki
G, Klingemann H G. "Characterization of a human cell line (NK-92)
with phenotypical and functional characteristics of activated
natural killer cells" Leukemia; 1994, 8(4):652-8 [0312] 38.
Altschul, J. Mol. Evol. 36 (1993), 290-300 [0313] 39. Altschul, J.
Mol. Biol. 215 (1990), 403-410 [0314] 40. Kontermann (2012) "Dual
targeting strategies with bispecific antibodies" Landes Bioscience
mAbs Vol. 4, Issue 2 182-197 [0315] 41. Kaspar M, Trachsel E, Neri
D. "The antibody-mediated targeted delivery of interleukin-15 and
GM-CSF to the tumor neovasculature inhibits tumor growth and
metastasis." Cancer Res. 2007 May 15; 67(10):4940-8. [0316] 42.
Conlon K C, Lugli E1, Welles H C, Rosenberg S A, Fojo A T, Morris J
C, Fleisher T A, Dubois S P, Perera L P, Stewart D M, Goldman C K,
Bryant B R, Decker J M, Chen J, Worthy T A, Figg W D Sr, Peer C J,
Sneller M C, Lane H C, Yovandich J L, Creekmore S P, Roederer M,
Waldmann T A "Redistribution, hyperproliferation, activation of
natural killer cells and CD8 T cells, and cytokine production
during first-in-human clinical trial of recombinant human
interleukin-15 in patients with cancer." J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jan. 1;
33(1):74-82. [0317] 43. Navid et al, Immune Therapies for
Neuroblastoma, Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 May; 8(10): 874-882,
Sequence CWU 1
1
441162PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized IL-15 1Met Arg Ile Ser Lys
Pro His Leu Arg Ser Ile Ser Ile Gln Cys Tyr1 5 10 15Leu Cys Leu Leu
Leu Asn Ser His Phe Leu Thr Glu Ala Gly Ile His 20 25 30Val Phe Ile
Leu Gly Cys Phe Ser Ala Gly Leu Pro Lys Thr Glu Ala 35 40 45Asn Trp
Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile 50 55 60Gln
Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser Asp Val His65 70 75
80Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Glu Leu Gln
85 90 95Val Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile His Asp Thr Val
Glu 100 105 110Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn
Gly Asn Val 115 120 125Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu Glu Leu
Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile 130 135 140Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val His
Ile Val Gln Met Phe Ile Asn145 150 155 160Thr Ser29PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized sequence important for alpha binding of IL-15
2Leu Leu Glu Leu Gln Val Ile Ser Leu1 535PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized sequence important for alpha binding of IL-15
3Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile1 54114PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized IL-15
fragment 4Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys Ile Glu Asp
Leu Ile1 5 10 15Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser
Asp Val His 20 25 30Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe Leu
Leu Glu Leu Gln 35 40 45Val Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile
His Asp Thr Val Glu 50 55 60Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu
Ser Ser Asn Gly Asn Val65 70 75 80Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys
Glu Glu Leu Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile 85 90 95Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe
Val His Ile Val Gln Met Phe Ile Asn 100 105 110Thr
Ser5121PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Anti-CD19 single variable
domain VH (clone 4G7) 5Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu
Ile Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly
Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro
Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp
Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr
Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser
Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Thr
Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105 110Gln Gly
Thr Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser 115 1206112PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized Anti-CD19 single variable domain VL (clone 4G7)
6Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ala Ala Pro Ser Ile Pro Val Thr Pro Gly1 5
10 15Glu Ser Val Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Lys Ser Leu Leu Asn
Ser 20 25 30Asn Gly Asn Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Trp Phe Leu Gln Arg Pro Gly
Gln Ser 35 40 45Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Arg Met Ser Asn Leu Ala Ser
Gly Val Pro 50 55 60Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Ala Phe
Thr Leu Arg Ile65 70 75 80Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val
Tyr Tyr Cys Met Gln His 85 90 95Leu Glu Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ala
Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Leu Lys 100 105 1107123PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized anti-FLT3 single variable domain VH (clone
BV10) 7Gln Val Gln Leu Lys Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Ser
Gln1 5 10 15Ser Leu Ser Ile Thr Cys Thr Val Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Thr
Asn Tyr 20 25 30Gly Leu His Trp Val Arg Gln Ser Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Leu 35 40 45Gly Val Ile Trp Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Asp Tyr Asn
Ala Ala Phe Ile 50 55 60Ser Arg Leu Ser Ile Ser Lys Asp Asn Ser Lys
Ser Gln Val Phe Phe65 70 75 80Lys Met Asn Ser Leu Gln Ala Asp Asp
Thr Ala Ile Tyr Tyr Cys Ala 85 90 95Arg Lys Gly Gly Ile Tyr Tyr Ala
Asn His Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr 100 105 110Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser
Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 1208113PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized
anti-FLT3 single variable domain VL (clone BV10) 8Asp Ile Val Met
Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Val Ser Ala Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys Val
Thr Met Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Asn Ser 20 25 30Gly Asn
Gln Lys Asn Tyr Met Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45Pro
Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Gly Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val 50 55
60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr65
70 75 80Ile Ser Ser Val Gln Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln
Asn 85 90 95Asp His Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Leu
Glu Leu 100 105 110Lys9118PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized
anti-FLT3 chimeric single variable domain heavy chain (clone 4G8)VH
9Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5
10 15Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30Trp Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Arg Pro Gly His Gly Leu Glu
Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Glu Ile Asp Pro Ser Asp Ser Tyr Lys Asp Tyr Asn
Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Arg Ser Ser
Asn Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met His Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Asp Asp
Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Ala Ile Thr Thr Thr Pro Phe
Asp Phe Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser
11510107PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized anti-FLT3 chimeric single
variable domain light chain (clone 4G8) VL 10Asp Ile Val Leu Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Val Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Ser Val Ser
Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asn Asn 20 25 30Leu His Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Ser His Glu Ser Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Gly Ile Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser
Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Thr65 70 75
80Glu Asp Phe Gly Val Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Ser Asn Thr Trp Pro Tyr
85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100
10511115PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized anti-PSMA single variable
domain heavy chain (clone J591) VH 11Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser
Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Thr1 5 10 15Ser Val Arg Ile Ser Cys
Lys Thr Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Glu Tyr 20 25 30Thr Ile His Trp Val
Lys Gln Ser His Gly Lys Ser Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Asn Ile Asn
Pro Asn Asn Gly Gly Thr Thr Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60Glu Asp Lys
Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met
Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95Ala Ala Gly Trp Asn Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr
100 105 110Val Ser Ser 11512107PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized
anti-PSMA single variable domain light chain (clone J591) VL 12Asn
Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Lys Ser Met Ser Met Ser Val Gly1 5 10
15Glu Arg Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Glu Asn Val Val Thr Tyr
20 25 30Val Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Glu Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu
Ile 35 40 45Tyr Gly Ala Ser Asn Arg Tyr Thr Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe
Thr Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser
Val Gln Ala65 70 75 80Glu Asp Leu Ala Asp Tyr His Cys Gly Gln Gly
Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile
Lys 100 105135PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 13Gly Gly
Gly Gly Ser1 51418PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 14Lys
Glu Ser Gly Ser Val Ser Ser Glu Gln Leu Ala Gln Phe Arg Ser1 5 10
15Leu Asp1514PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 15Glu Gly Lys
Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Glu Ser Lys Ser Thr1 5 10168PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized linker 16Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly1
51712PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 17Gly Ser Ala Gly Ser
Ala Ala Gly Ser Gly Glu Phe1 5 10186PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized linker 18Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly1
5197PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 19Ala Glu Ala Ala Ala
Lys Ala1 52014PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 20Ala Pro
Ala Pro Ala Pro Ala Pro Ala Pro Ala Pro Ala Pro1 5
102120PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 21Leu Glu Ala Gly
Cys Lys Asn Phe Phe Pro Arg Ser Phe Thr Ser Cys1 5 10 15Gly Ser Leu
Glu 20224PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 22Gly Ser Ser
Thr12312PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized linker 23Cys Arg Arg Arg
Arg Arg Arg Glu Ala Glu Ala Cys1 5 102420PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized linker 24Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly
Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly1 5 10 15Gly Gly Gly Ser
2025117PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized anti-endoglin single
variable domain heavy chain (clone Kro23) VH 25Glu Val Gln Leu Gln
Gln Ser Gly Ala Asp Leu Val Arg Ser Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ala Val Lys Leu
Ser Cys Thr Ala Ser Gly Phe Asn Ile Lys Asp Tyr 20 25 30Tyr Leu His
Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Glu Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Trp
Ile Asp Pro Glu Asn Gly Asp Thr Glu Tyr Ala Pro Lys Phe 50 55 60Gln
Asp Lys Ala Thr Met Thr Ala Asp Ser Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75
80Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Thr Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95Asn Thr Arg Tyr Gly Thr Ser Ser Ala Cys Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Thr 100 105 110Leu Thr Val Ser Ser 11526107PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized anti-endoglin single variable domain light
chain (clone Kro23) VL 26Gln Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Leu
Met Ser Ala Ser Pro Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys Val Thr Met Thr Cys Ser Ala
Ser Ser Ser Val Ser Tyr Met 20 25 30Tyr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Arg Pro Arg
Ser Ser Pro Lys Pro Trp Ile Tyr 35 40 45Leu Thr Ser Asn Leu Ala Ser
Gly Val Pro Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser 50 55 60Gly Ser Gly Thr Ser Tyr
Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Met Glu Ala Glu65 70 75 80Asp Ala Ala Thr
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Trp Ser Ser Asn Pro Leu Thr 85 90 95Phe Gly Ala
Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Leu Lys Arg 100 10527582PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized fusion protein of anti-endoglin IgG (Kro23)
heavy chain with SDIE modificaion and IL15 mutant 27Glu Val Gln Leu
Gln Gln Ser Gly Ala Asp Leu Val Arg Ser Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ala Val Lys
Leu Ser Cys Thr Ala Ser Gly Phe Asn Ile Lys Asp Tyr 20 25 30Tyr Leu
His Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Glu Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly
Trp Ile Asp Pro Glu Asn Gly Asp Thr Glu Tyr Ala Pro Lys Phe 50 55
60Gln Asp Lys Ala Thr Met Thr Ala Asp Ser Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr65
70 75 80Leu Gln Leu Asn Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Thr Gly Val Tyr Tyr
Cys 85 90 95Asn Thr Arg Tyr Gly Thr Ser Ser Ala Cys Trp Gly Gln Gly
Thr Thr 100 105 110Leu Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Pro Leu 115 120 125Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly
Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys 130 135 140Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser145 150 155 160Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser 165 170 175Ser Gly Leu
Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser 180 185 190Leu
Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn 195 200
205Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His
210 215 220Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro
Asp Val225 230 235 240Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met Ile Ser Arg Thr 245 250 255Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu 260 265 270Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys 275 280 285Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser 290 295 300Val Leu Thr
Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys305 310 315
320Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu Glu Lys Thr Ile
325 330 335Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr
Leu Pro 340 345 350Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser
Leu Thr Cys Leu 355 360 365Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala
Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn 370 375 380Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser385 390 395 400Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg 405 410 415Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu 420 425 430His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys Ser 435 440
445Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly
450 455 460Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys
Lys Ile465 470 475 480Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala
Thr Leu Tyr Thr Glu 485 490 495Ser Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val
Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe Leu 500 505 510Leu Lys Leu Gln Val Ile Ser
Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile His 515 520 525Asp Thr Val Glu Asn
Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser Ser 530 535 540Asn Gly Asn
Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu Glu Leu Glu545 550 555
560Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val His Ile Val Gln
565 570 575Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser 58028213PRTArtificial
sequenceSynthesized light chain of anti-endoglin antibody Kro23
28Gln Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Leu Met Ser Ala Ser Pro Gly1
5 10 15Glu Lys Val Thr Met Thr Cys Ser Ala Ser Ser Ser Val Ser Tyr
Met 20 25 30Tyr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Arg Pro Arg Ser Ser Pro Lys Pro Trp
Ile Tyr 35
40 45Leu Thr Ser Asn Leu Ala Ser Gly Val Pro Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly
Ser 50 55 60Gly Ser Gly Thr Ser Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Met Glu
Ala Glu65 70 75 80Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Trp Ser Ser
Asn Pro Leu Thr 85 90 95Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Leu Lys Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 100 105 110Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr 115 120 125Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys 130 135 140Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu145 150 155 160Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser 165 170
175Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala
180 185 190Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys
Ser Phe 195 200 205Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 21029567PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy
chain with SDIE modifications and IL15 wild type with short linker
29Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro Gly Ala1
5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu
Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn
Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser
Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp
Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Ser
Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105 110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr Val
Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125Val Phe Pro Leu Ala
Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala Leu Gly
Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val145 150 155
160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala
165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val
Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys
Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys
Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro
Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly225 230 235 240Gly Pro Asp Val Phe
Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255Ile Ser Arg
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260 265 270Glu
Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val 275 280
285His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr
290 295 300Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu
Asn Gly305 310 315 320Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala
Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu 325 330 335Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345 350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg
Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365Leu Thr Cys Leu Val
Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380Trp Glu Ser
Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390 395
400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val
405 410 415Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser
Val Met 420 425 430His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445Pro Gly Lys Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val
Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys 450 455 460Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met
His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr465 470 475 480Glu Ser Asp Val His
Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe 485 490 495Leu Leu Glu
Leu Gln Val Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile 500 505 510His
Asp Thr Val Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser 515 520
525Ser Asn Gly Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu Glu Leu
530 535 540Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val His
Ile Val545 550 555 560Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser
56530567PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of
anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain with SDIE modifications and IL15
(E46K) mutant with short linker 30Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly
Pro Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys
Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys
Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro
Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala
Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu
Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala
Arg Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105
110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser
115 120 125Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly
Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
Pro Val Thr Val145 150 155 160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu
Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu
Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205Lys Pro Ser
Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220Asp
Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly225 230
235 240Gly Pro Asp Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met 245 250 255Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser His 260 265 270Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val 275 280 285His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr 290 295 300Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr
Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly305 310 315 320Lys Glu Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu 325 330 335Glu Lys
Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345
350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser
355 360 365Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala
Val Glu 370 375 380Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390 395 400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 405 410 415Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 420 425 430His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445Pro Gly Lys
Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys 450 455 460Ile
Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr465 470
475 480Glu Ser Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met Lys Cys
Phe 485 490 495Leu Leu Lys Leu Gln Val Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp
Ala Ser Ile 500 505 510His Asp Thr Val Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala
Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser 515 520 525Ser Asn Gly Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly
Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu Glu Leu 530 535 540Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu
Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val His Ile Val545 550 555 560Gln Met Phe Ile
Asn Thr Ser 56531567PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Fusion
protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain with SDIE modifications
and IL15 (V49D) mutant with short linker 31Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln
Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser
Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp
Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile
Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly
Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75
80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp
Gly 100 105 110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys
Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr
Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val145 150 155 160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala
Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser
Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser
Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200
205Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys
210 215 220Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu
Leu Gly225 230 235 240Gly Pro Asp Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro
Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260 265 270Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe
Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val 275 280 285His Asn Ala Lys Thr
Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr 290 295 300Arg Val Val
Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly305 310 315
320Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu
325 330 335Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro
Gln Val 340 345 350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys
Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro
Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu
Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390 395 400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 405 410 415Asp Lys Ser
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 420 425 430His
Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440
445Pro Gly Lys Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys
450 455 460Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu
Tyr Thr465 470 475 480Glu Ser Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr
Ala Met Lys Cys Phe 485 490 495Leu Leu Glu Leu Gln Asp Ile Ser Leu
Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile 500 505 510His Asp Thr Val Glu Asn Leu
Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser 515 520 525Ser Asn Gly Asn Val
Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu Glu Leu 530 535 540Glu Glu Lys
Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val His Ile Val545 550 555
560Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser 56532567PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy
chain with SDIE modifications and IL15 (I50D) mutant with short
linker 32Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro
Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe
Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly
Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys
Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys
Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser
Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr
Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105 110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125Val Phe Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala
Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val145 150
155 160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro
Ala 165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val
Val Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly225 230 235 240Gly Pro Asp Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255Ile Ser
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260 265
270Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
275 280 285His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser
Thr Tyr 290 295 300Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly305 310 315 320Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu 325 330 335Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345 350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro
Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365Leu Thr Cys
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380Trp
Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390
395 400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val 405 410 415Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
Ser Val Met 420 425 430His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445Pro Gly Lys Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn
Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys 450 455 460Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser
Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr465 470 475 480Glu Ser Asp Val
His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe 485 490 495Leu Leu
Glu Leu Gln Val Asp Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile 500 505
510His Asp Thr Val Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser
515 520 525Ser Asn Gly Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu
Glu Leu 530 535 540Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe
Val His Ile Val545 550 555 560Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser
56533586PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of
anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain with SDIE modifications and IL15
wild type with long linker 33Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro
Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln
Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr
Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr
Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu
Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg
Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105
110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser
115 120 125Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly
Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
Pro Val Thr Val145 150 155 160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu
Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu
Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205Lys Pro Ser
Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220Asp
Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly225 230
235 240Gly Pro Asp Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met 245 250 255Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser His 260 265 270Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val 275 280 285His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr 290 295 300Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr
Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly305 310 315 320Lys Glu Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu 325 330 335Glu Lys
Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345
350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser
355 360 365Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala
Val Glu 370 375 380Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390 395 400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 405 410 415Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 420 425 430His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445Pro Gly Lys
Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly 450 455 460Gly
Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp465 470
475 480Leu Lys Lys Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala
Thr 485 490 495Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val
Thr Ala Met 500 505 510Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Glu Leu Gln Val Ile Ser
Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp 515 520 525Ala Ser Ile His Asp Thr Val Glu Asn
Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn 530 535 540Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn Gly Asn
Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys545 550 555 560Glu Glu Leu Glu
Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val 565 570 575His Ile
Val Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser 580 58534586PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy
chain with SDIE modifications and IL15 (E46K) mutant with long
linker 34Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro
Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe
Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly
Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys
Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys
Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser
Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr
Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105 110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125Val Phe Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala
Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val145 150
155 160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro
Ala 165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val
Val Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly225 230 235 240Gly Pro Asp Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255Ile Ser
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260 265
270Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
275 280 285His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser
Thr Tyr 290 295 300Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly305 310 315 320Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu 325 330 335Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345 350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro
Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365Leu Thr Cys
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380Trp
Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390
395 400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val 405 410 415Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
Ser Val Met 420 425 430His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445Pro Gly Lys Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser
Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly 450 455 460Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly
Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp465 470 475 480Leu Lys Lys Ile
Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr 485 490 495Leu Tyr
Thr Glu Ser Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met 500 505
510Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Lys Leu Gln Val Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp
515 520 525Ala Ser Ile His Asp Thr Val Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala
Asn Asn 530 535 540Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn Gly Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly
Cys Lys Glu Cys545 550 555 560Glu Glu Leu Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys
Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val 565 570 575His Ile Val Gln Met Phe Ile
Asn Thr Ser 580 58535586PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Fusion
protein of anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain with SDIE modifications
and IL15 (V49D) mutant with long linker 35Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln
Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser
Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp
Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile
Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly
Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75
80Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95Ala Arg Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp
Gly 100 105 110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys
Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr
Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val145 150 155 160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala
Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser
Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser
Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200
205Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys
210 215 220Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu
Leu Gly225 230 235 240Gly Pro Asp Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro
Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys
Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260 265 270Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe
Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val 275 280 285His Asn Ala Lys Thr
Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr 290 295 300Arg Val Val
Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly305 310 315
320Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu
325 330 335Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro
Gln Val 340 345 350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys
Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro
Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu
Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390 395 400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 405 410 415Asp Lys Ser
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 420 425 430His
Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440
445Pro Gly Lys Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly
450 455 460Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile
Ser Asp465 470 475 480Leu Lys Lys Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met
His Ile Asp Ala Thr 485 490 495Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser Asp Val His Pro
Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met 500 505 510Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Glu Leu
Gln Asp Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp 515 520 525Ala Ser Ile His Asp
Thr Val Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn 530 535 540Ser Leu Ser
Ser Asn Gly Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys545 550 555
560Glu Glu Leu Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val
565 570 575His Ile Val Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser 580
58536586PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of
anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7) heavy chain with SDIE modifications and IL15
(I50D) mutant with long linker 36Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly
Pro Glu Leu Ile Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys
Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Val Met His Trp Val Lys
Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro
Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Gly Lys Ala
Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu
Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala
Arg Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Ser Arg Val Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105
110Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser
115 120 125Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly
Thr Ala 130 135 140Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
Pro Val Thr Val145 150 155 160Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu
Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu
Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205Lys Pro Ser
Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220Asp
Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly225 230
235 240Gly Pro Asp Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met 245 250 255Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser His 260 265 270Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val 275 280 285His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr 290 295 300Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr
Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly305 310 315 320Lys Glu Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu 325 330 335Glu Lys
Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345
350Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser
355 360 365Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala
Val Glu 370 375 380Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys
Thr Thr Pro Pro385 390 395 400Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe
Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 405 410 415Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln
Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 420 425 430His Glu Ala Leu His
Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445Pro Gly Lys
Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly 450 455 460Gly
Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp465 470
475 480Leu Lys Lys Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala
Thr 485 490 495Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val
Thr Ala Met 500 505 510Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Glu Leu Gln Val Asp Ser
Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp 515 520 525Ala Ser Ile His Asp Thr Val Glu Asn
Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn 530 535 540Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn Gly Asn
Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys545 550 555 560Glu Glu Leu Glu
Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe
Val 565 570 575His Ile Val Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser 580
58537219PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized anti-CD19 IgG1 (4G7)
light chain 37Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ala Ala Pro Ser Ile Pro Val
Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Glu Ser Val Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Lys Ser
Leu Leu Asn Ser 20 25 30Asn Gly Asn Thr Tyr Leu Tyr Trp Phe Leu Gln
Arg Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Arg Met Ser Asn
Leu Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly
Thr Ala Phe Thr Leu Arg Ile65 70 75 80Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp
Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Met Gln His 85 90 95Leu Glu Tyr Pro Phe Thr
Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Leu Lys 100 105 110Arg Thr Val Ala
Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu 115 120 125Gln Leu
Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe 130 135
140Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln145 150 155 160Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser 165 170 175Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu 180 185 190Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser 195 200 205Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 21538588PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized
Fusion protein of anti-FLT3 IgG1 (BV10) heavy chain with SDIE
modifications and IL15 mutant 38Gln Val Gln Leu Lys Gln Ser Gly Pro
Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Ser Gln1 5 10 15Ser Leu Ser Ile Thr Cys Thr Val
Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Thr Asn Tyr 20 25 30Gly Leu His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ser Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Leu 35 40 45Gly Val Ile Trp Ser Gly
Gly Ser Thr Asp Tyr Asn Ala Ala Phe Ile 50 55 60Ser Arg Leu Ser Ile
Ser Lys Asp Asn Ser Lys Ser Gln Val Phe Phe65 70 75 80Lys Met Asn
Ser Leu Gln Ala Asp Asp Thr Ala Ile Tyr Tyr Cys Ala 85 90 95Arg Lys
Gly Gly Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Asn His Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr 100 105
110Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly
115 120 125Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser
Gly Gly 130 135 140Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe
Pro Glu Pro Val145 150 155 160Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu
Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe 165 170 175Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser
Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val 180 185 190Thr Val Pro Ser Ser
Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val 195 200 205Asn His Lys
Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys 210 215 220Ser
Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu225 230
235 240Leu Gly Gly Pro Asp Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp
Thr 245 250 255Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val
Val Asp Val 260 265 270Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val 275 280 285Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro
Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser 290 295 300Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val
Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu305 310 315 320Asn Gly Lys Glu
Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala 325 330 335Pro Glu
Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro 340 345
350Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln
355 360 365Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
Ile Ala 370 375 380Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn
Tyr Lys Thr Thr385 390 395 400Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser
Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu 405 410 415Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp
Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 420 425 430Val Met His Glu Ala
Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445Leu Ser Pro
Gly Lys Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser 450 455 460Gly
Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile465 470
475 480Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys Ile Glu Asp Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile
Asp 485 490 495Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys
Lys Val Thr 500 505 510Ala Met Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Lys Leu Gln Val
Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser 515 520 525Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile His Asp Thr Val
Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala 530 535 540Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn
Gly Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys545 550 555 560Glu Cys Glu Glu
Leu Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser 565 570 575Phe Val
His Ile Val Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser 580 58539220PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized anti-FLT3 IgG1 (BV10) light chain 39Asp Ile Val
Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Val Ser Ala Gly1 5 10 15Glu Lys
Val Thr Met Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Asn Ser 20 25 30Gly
Asn Gln Lys Asn Tyr Met Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40
45Pro Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Gly Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val
50 55 60Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr65 70 75 80Ile Ser Ser Val Gln Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Val Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Asn 85 90 95Asp His Ser Tyr Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr
Lys Leu Glu Leu 100 105 110Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe
Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp 115 120 125Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala
Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn 130 135 140Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala
Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu145 150 155 160Gln Ser Gly
Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp 165 170 175Ser
Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr 180 185
190Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser
195 200 205Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 215
22040583PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of
anti-FLT3 IgG1 (4G8) heavy chain with SDIE modifications and IL15
mutant 40Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro
Gly Ala1 5 10 15Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe
Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30Trp Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Arg Pro Gly His Gly
Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Glu Ile Asp Pro Ser Asp Ser Tyr Lys Asp
Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60Lys Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Arg
Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met His Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser
Asp Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Arg Ala Ile Thr Thr Thr
Pro Phe Asp Phe Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110Thr Leu Thr Val Ser
Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro 115 120 125Leu Ala Pro
Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly 130 135 140Cys
Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn145 150
155 160Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu
Gln 165 170 175Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val
Pro Ser Ser 180 185 190Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val
Asn His Lys Pro Ser 195 200 205Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu
Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr 210 215 220His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro
Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Asp225 230 235 240Val Phe Leu Phe
Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg 245 250 255Thr Pro
Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro 260 265
270Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala
275 280 285Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg
Val Val 290 295 300Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn
Gly Lys Glu Tyr305 310 315 320Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu
Pro Ala Pro Glu Glu Lys Thr 325 330 335Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln
Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu 340 345 350Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp
Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys 355 360 365Leu Val Lys
Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser 370 375 380Asn
Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp385 390
395 400Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys
Ser 405 410 415Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met
His Glu Ala 420 425 430Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser
Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys 435 440 445Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly
Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser 450 455 460Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Trp
Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys465 470 475 480Ile Glu Asp Leu
Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr 485 490 495Glu Ser
Asp Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe 500 505
510Leu Leu Lys Leu Gln Val Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile
515 520 525His Asp Thr Val Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser
Leu Ser 530 535 540Ser Asn Gly Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu
Cys Glu Glu Leu545 550 555 560Glu Glu Lys Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu
Gln Ser Phe Val His Ile Val 565 570 575Gln Met Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser
58041214PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized anti-endoglin IgG1 (4G8)
light chain 41Asp Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Val
Thr Pro Gly1 5 10 15Asp Ser Val Ser Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Ser Asn Asn 20 25 30Leu His Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Ser His Glu Ser
Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45Lys Tyr Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Gly Ile
Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Ser Ile Asn Ser Val Glu Thr65 70 75 80Glu Asp Phe Gly Val Tyr Phe
Cys Gln Gln Ser Asn Thr Trp Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr
Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110Pro Ser Val Phe
Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125Thr Ala
Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser
Gln145 150 155 160Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr
Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr
Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly
Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys
21042580PRTArtificial SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of
anti-PSMA IgG1 (J591) heavy chain with SDIE modifications and IL15
wild type 42Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro
Gly Thr1 5 10 15Ser Val Arg Ile Ser Cys Lys Thr Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe
Thr Glu Tyr 20 25 30Thr Ile His Trp Val Lys Gln Ser His Gly Lys Ser
Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45Gly Asn Ile Asn Pro Asn Asn Gly Gly Thr Thr
Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60Glu Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Lys
Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser
Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ala Gly Trp Asn Phe Asp
Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser Ala Ser
Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro 115 120 125Ser Ser Lys
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val 130 135 140Lys
Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala145 150
155 160Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser
Gly 165 170 175Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser
Ser Leu Gly 180 185 190Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys
Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys 195 200 205Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser
Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys 210 215 220Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu
Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Asp Val Phe Leu225 230 235 240Phe Pro Pro Lys
Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu 245 250 255Val Thr
Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys 260 265
270Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys
275 280 285Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser
Val Leu 290 295 300Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu
Tyr Lys Cys Lys305 310 315 320Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro
Glu Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys 325 330 335Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu
Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser 340 345 350Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr
Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys 355 360 365Gly Phe Tyr
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln 370 375 380Pro
Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly385 390
395 400Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp
Gln 405 410 415Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala
Leu His Asn 420 425 430His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro
Gly Lys Ser Gly Gly 435 440 445Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly
Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly 450 455 460Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val
Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys Lys Ile Glu Asp465 470 475 480Leu Ile Gln Ser
Met His Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser Asp 485 490 495Val His
Pro Ser Cys Lys Val Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Glu 500 505
510Leu Gln Val Ile Ser Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile His Asp Thr
515 520 525Val Glu Asn Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser Ser
Asn Gly 530
535 540Asn Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu Glu Leu Glu Glu
Lys545 550 555 560Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val His Ile
Val Gln Met Phe 565 570 575Ile Asn Thr Ser 58043580PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized Fusion protein of anti-PSMA IgG1 (J591) heavy
chain with SDIE modifications and IL15 (E46K) mutant 43Glu Val Gln
Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Thr1 5 10 15Ser Val
Arg Ile Ser Cys Lys Thr Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Glu Tyr 20 25 30Thr
Ile His Trp Val Lys Gln Ser His Gly Lys Ser Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40
45Gly Asn Ile Asn Pro Asn Asn Gly Gly Thr Thr Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe
50 55 60Glu Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala
Tyr65 70 75 80Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val
Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95Ala Ala Gly Trp Asn Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly
Thr Thr Leu Thr 100 105 110Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro 115 120 125Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly
Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val 130 135 140Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala145 150 155 160Leu Thr Ser
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly 165 170 175Leu
Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly 180 185
190Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys
195 200 205Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His
Thr Cys 210 215 220Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro
Asp Val Phe Leu225 230 235 240Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu 245 250 255Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys 260 265 270Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys 275 280 285Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu 290 295 300Thr
Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys305 310
315 320Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Glu Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser
Lys 325 330 335Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu
Pro Pro Ser 340 345 350Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu
Thr Cys Leu Val Lys 355 360 365Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val
Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln 370 375 380Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly385 390 395 400Ser Phe Phe Leu
Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln 405 410 415Gln Gly
Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn 420 425
430His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys Ser Gly Gly
435 440 445Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly
Gly Gly 450 455 460Gly Ser Asn Trp Val Asn Val Ile Ser Asp Leu Lys
Lys Ile Glu Asp465 470 475 480Leu Ile Gln Ser Met His Ile Asp Ala
Thr Leu Tyr Thr Glu Ser Asp 485 490 495Val His Pro Ser Cys Lys Val
Thr Ala Met Lys Cys Phe Leu Leu Lys 500 505 510Leu Gln Val Ile Ser
Leu Glu Ser Gly Asp Ala Ser Ile His Asp Thr 515 520 525Val Glu Asn
Leu Ile Ile Leu Ala Asn Asn Ser Leu Ser Ser Asn Gly 530 535 540Asn
Val Thr Glu Ser Gly Cys Lys Glu Cys Glu Glu Leu Glu Glu Lys545 550
555 560Asn Ile Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Ser Phe Val His Ile Val Gln Met
Phe 565 570 575Ile Asn Thr Ser 58044214PRTArtificial
SequenceSynthesized anti-PSMA IgG1 (J591) light chain 44Asn Ile Val
Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Lys Ser Met Ser Met Ser Val Gly1 5 10 15Glu Arg
Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Glu Asn Val Val Thr Tyr 20 25 30Val
Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Glu Gln Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45Tyr Gly Ala Ser Asn Arg Tyr Thr Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly
50 55 60Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Val Gln
Ala65 70 75 80Glu Asp Leu Ala Asp Tyr His Cys Gly Gln Gly Tyr Ser
Tyr Pro Tyr 85 90 95Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln145 150 155 160Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175Ser
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185
190Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser
195 200 205Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
* * * * *
References