U.S. patent application number 16/922489 was filed with the patent office on 2021-05-20 for tri-segmented arenaviruses as vaccine vectors.
The applicant listed for this patent is UNIVERSITE DE GEN VE. Invention is credited to Stephanie Gabrielle Darbre Abdelrahman, Sandra Margarete Kallert, Mario Kreutzfeldt, Doron Merkler, Nicolas Jean Page, Daniel David Pinschewer.
Application Number | 20210145950 16/922489 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005373987 |
Filed Date | 2021-05-20 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20210145950 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Pinschewer; Daniel David ;
et al. |
May 20, 2021 |
TRI-SEGMENTED ARENAVIRUSES AS VACCINE VECTORS
Abstract
The present application relates to arenaviruses with
rearrangements of their open reading frames ("ORF") in their
genomes. In particular, described herein is a modified arenavirus
genomic segment, wherein the arenavirus genomic segment is
engineered to carry a viral ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF. Also described herein are
trisegmented arenavirus particles comprising one L segment and two
S segments or two L segments and one S segment. The arenavirus,
described herein may be suitable for vaccines and/or treatment of
diseases and/or for the use in immunotherapies.
Inventors: |
Pinschewer; Daniel David;
(Binningen, CH) ; Merkler; Doron; (Geneva, CH)
; Kallert; Sandra Margarete; (Basel, CH) ;
Kreutzfeldt; Mario; (Carouge, CH) ; Darbre
Abdelrahman; Stephanie Gabrielle; (Epalinges, CH) ;
Page; Nicolas Jean; (Bonneville, FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
UNIVERSITE DE GEN VE |
Geneve 4 |
|
CH |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005373987 |
Appl. No.: |
16/922489 |
Filed: |
July 7, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15526211 |
May 11, 2017 |
10722564 |
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PCT/EP2015/076458 |
Nov 12, 2015 |
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16922489 |
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62079493 |
Nov 13, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 2760/10021
20130101; A61K 2039/5256 20130101; A61K 39/0011 20130101; C12N
15/86 20130101; C12N 2760/10034 20130101; C12N 2760/10043 20130101;
C12N 2840/85 20130101; A61K 2039/5254 20130101; A61K 2039/572
20130101; C12N 2760/10062 20130101; C12N 7/00 20130101; A61K
2039/545 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 39/00 20060101
A61K039/00; C12N 15/86 20060101 C12N015/86; C12N 7/00 20060101
C12N007/00 |
Claims
1-21. (canceled)
22. A method of generating an arenavirus particle, wherein the
method comprises: transfecting into a host cell a complementary
deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) of a first arenavirus genomic segment;
(ii) transfecting into the host cell a cDNA of a second arenavirus
genomic segment; (iii) maintaining the host cell under conditions
suitable for virus formation; and (iv) harvesting the arenavirus
particle, wherein the first arenavirus genomic segment is
engineered to carry a viral open reading frame ("ORF") in a
position other than the wild-type position of the ORF and is
selected from the group consisting of: (i) an S segment, wherein an
ORF encoding a nucleoprotein ("NP") is under control of an
arenavirus 5' untranslated region ("UTR"); (ii) an S segment,
wherein an ORF encoding a matrix protein Z ("Z protein") is under
control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; (iii) an S segment, wherein an ORF
encoding an RNA dependent RNA polymerase L ("L protein") is under
control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; (iv) an S segment, wherein an ORF
encoding a viral glycoprotein ("GP") is under control of an
arenavirus 3' UTR; (v) an S segment, wherein an ORF encoding the L
protein is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; and (vi) an S
segment, wherein an ORF encoding the Z protein is under control of
an arenavirus 3' UTR.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further comprises
transcribing the cDNA of the first arenavirus genomic segment and
the second arenavirus genomic segment using a promoter.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further comprises
transcribing the cDNA of the first arenavirus genomic segment and
the second arenavirus genomic segment using a bi-directional
expression cassette.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein the second arenavirus genomic
segment is an L segment.
26. The method of claim 22, wherein the method further comprises
transfecting into the host cell a cDNA of a third arenavirus
genomic segment.
27. The method of claim 23, wherein the promoter is selected from
the group consisting of: (i) an RNA polymerase I promoter; (ii) an
RNA polymerase II promoter; and (iii) a T7 promoter.
28-59. (canceled)
60. A method of generating a tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising one L segment and two S segments, wherein the method
comprises: (i) transfecting into a host cell one or more cDNAs of
the one L segment and two S segments; (ii) maintaining the host
cell under conditions suitable for virus formation; and (iii)
harvesting the tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one L
segment and two S segments, wherein one of the two S segments is
selected from the group consisting of: (i) an S segment, wherein an
ORF encoding an NP is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR, (ii)
an S segment, wherein an ORF encoding a Z protein is under control
of an arenavirus 5' UTR, (iii) an S segment, wherein an ORF
encoding a L protein is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR, (iv)
an S segment, wherein an ORF encoding a GP is under control of an
arenavirus 3' UTR, (v) an S segment, wherein an ORF encoding the L
protein is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR, and (vi) an S
segment, wherein an ORF encoding the Z protein is under control of
an arenavirus 3' UTR.
61. (canceled)
62. The method of claim 60, wherein the method further comprises
transcribing the one or more cDNAs of the one L segment and two S
segments using a promoter.
63. The method of claim 60, wherein the method further comprises
transcribing the one or more cDNAs of the one L segment and two S
segments using a bi-directional expression cassette.
64. The method of claim 60, wherein the method further comprises
transfecting into the host cell one or more nucleic acids encoding
an arenavirus polymerase.
65. The method of claim 64, wherein the arenavirus polymerase is
the L protein.
66. The method of claim 60, wherein the method further comprises
transfecting into the host cell one or more nucleic acids encoding
the arenavirus NP.
67. The method of claim 62, wherein the promoter is selected from
the group consisting of: (i) an RNA polymerase I promoter; (ii) an
RNA polymerase II promoter; and (iii) a T7 promoter.
68. The method of claim 60, wherein the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments comprises all
four arenavirus ORFs, and wherein the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments is infectious
and replication competent.
69-75. (canceled)
76. The method of claim 60, wherein the two S segments of the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two
S segments comprise (i) one or two heterologous ORFs from an
organism other than an arenavirus; or (ii) one or two duplicated
arenavirus ORFs; or (iii) one heterologous ORF from an organism
other than an arenavirus and one duplicated arenavirus ORF.
77. The method of claim 26, wherein the third arenavirus genomic
segment is an S segment.
78. The method of claim 22, wherein the arenavirus 3' UTR is the 3'
UTR of the S segment, and wherein the arenavirus 5' UTR is the 5'
UTR of the S segment.
79. The method of claim 22, wherein the arenavirus particle
generated by the method is: (i) infectious and replication
competent; (ii) attenuated; or (iii) infectious but unable to
produce further infectious progeny in non-complementing cells.
80. The method of claim 79, wherein: (i) at least one of the ORFs
encoding GP, NP, Z protein, or L protein is removed or functionally
inactivated; (ii) at least one of the ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z
protein, or L protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous
ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus; (iii) only one of
the ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein or L protein is removed and
replaced with a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an
arenavirus; (iv) the ORF encoding GP is removed and replaced with a
heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus; (v) the
ORF encoding NP is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF
from an organism other than an arenavirus; (vi) the ORF encoding
the Z protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from
an organism other than an arenavirus; or (vii) the ORF encoding the
L protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus
81. The method of claim 80, wherein the heterologous ORF encodes an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, tumor, or
allergen.
82. The method of claim 24, wherein the bi-directional expression
cassette comprises both a polymerase I and a polymerase II promoter
reading from opposite sides into the two termini of the first
arenavirus genomic segment and the second arenavirus genomic
segment.
83. The method of claim 63, wherein the bi-directional expression
cassette comprises both a polymerase I and a polymerase II promoter
reading from opposite sides into the two termini of the first
arenavirus genomic segment and the second arenavirus genomic
segment.
84. The method of claim 60, wherein the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments is derived
from a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).
85. The method of claim 76, wherein the one or two heterologous
ORFs or the one heterologous ORF encodes an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, tumor, or allergen.
Description
[0001] This application claims benefit of priority from U.S.
provisional application No. 62/079,493 filed on Nov. 13, 2014,
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1. INTRODUCTION
[0002] The present application relates to arenaviruses with
rearrangements of their open reading frames ("ORF") in their
genomes. In particular, described herein is a modified arenavirus
genomic segment, wherein the arenavirus genomic segment is
engineered to carry a viral ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF. Also described herein are
tri-segmented arenavirus particles comprising one L segment and two
S segments or two L segments and one S segment. The arenavirus,
described herein may be suitable for vaccines and/or treatment of
diseases and/or for the use in immunotherapies.
2. BACKGROUND
[0003] 2.1 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Research and Human
Disease
[0004] Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a member of the
family arenaviridae, is a prototypic mouse model virus in research
on viral infections. Since its isolation in the 1930s (Rivers and
McNair Scott, 1935, Science, 81(2105): 439-440) studies using this
virus have uncovered many key concepts in viral immunology and
pathogenesis (summarized in Zinkernagel, 2002, Curr Top Microbiol
Immunol, 263:1-5; Oldstone, 2002, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol,
263:83-117). LCMV has been extensively used to investigate viral
molecular biology and immune responses particularly in the context
of persistent infection. The natural host of LCMV are mice,
however, several reports revealed that LCMV might also be a
neglected human pathogen (Barton, 1996, Clin. Infect. Dis,
22(1):197; Wright et al., 1997, Pediatrics 100(1): E9). Moreover,
numerous other members of the arenavirus family have been found in
rodent populations around the world. In addition to the Old World
arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV), which can be found in Africa,
several New World arenaviruses like Junin (JUNV), Guanarito or
Machupo are prevalent in diverse rodent populations of South
America (Johnson et al., 1966, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 15(1): 103-106;
Tesh et al., 1993, Am J Trop Med Hyg 49(2):227-235; Mills et al.,
1994, Trop Med Hyg 51(5): 554-562). Upon transmission to humans,
many of those viruses can cause viral hemorrhagic fever associated
with high mortality (Geisbert and Jahrling, 2004, Nat Med 10(12
Suppl): S110-121).
[0005] 2.2 Genomic Organization of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
Virus
[0006] Arenaviruses are enveloped viruses. Their genome consists of
two segments of single-stranded RNA of negative sense (L: 7.2 kb,
S: 3.4 kb). Each segment encodes for two viral genes in opposite
orientations. The short segment (S segment) encodes the viral
glycoprotein (GP) precursor (GP-C; 75 kDa) and the nucleoprotein
(NP; 63 kDa) (Salvato et al., 1988, Virology 164(2): 517-522). The
long segment (L segment) expresses the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(RdRp; L protein; approximately 200 kDa) and the matrix protein Z
(protein Z), a RING finger protein (11 kDa) (FIG. 1A) (Salvato et
al., 1988, Virology 164(2): 517-522). The GP precursor GP-C is
post-translationally cleaved into GP-1 and GP-2, which remain
non-covalently associated (Buchmeier and Oldstone 1979, Virology
99(1): 111-120). Trimers of GP-1 and GP-2 are assembled as spikes
on the surface of virions and are essential for mediating entry
into the host cells by interaction with the cellular surface
receptors. Binding and entry of the virus into host cells was long
claimed to be mediated by interaction of the LCMV GP with the
cellular receptor .alpha.-Dystroglycan as the only cellular
receptor for LCMV (Cao et al., 1998, Science, 282(5396):2079-2081).
Only very recently three additional human molecules (Ax1 and Tyro3
from the TAM family and dendritic cell-specific intracellular
adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin) were postulated as
additional receptors for LCMV and LASV, a close relative of LCMV,
which enable entry of LCMV into cells independently of
.alpha.-Dystroglycan (Shimojima and Kawaoka 2012, J Vet Med,
74(10):1363-1366; Shimojima et al., 2012, J Virol 86(4):2067-2078).
NP binds to the viral RNA, forming the nucleocapsid, which serves
as a template for the viral L protein. The nucleocapsid associated
with the viral L protein forms the so-called ribonucleoprotein
complex, which is active both in replication and transcription and
represents the minimum unit of viral infectivity. It has been
shown, that NP and the L protein are the minimal trans-acting
factors necessary for viral RNA transcription and replication (Lee
et al., 2000, J Virol 74(8): 3470-3477). The two genes on each
segment are separated by a non-coding intergenic region (IGR) and
flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR). The IGR forms a
stable hairpin structure and has been shown to be involved in
structure-dependent termination of viral mRNA transcription
(Pinschewer et al., 2005, J Virol 79(7): 4519-4526). The terminal
nucleotides of the UTR show a high degree of complementarity,
resulting in the formation of secondary structures. These panhandle
structures are known to serve as the viral promoter for
transcription and replication, and their analysis by site-directed
mutagenesis has revealed sequence- and structure-dependence,
tolerating not even minor sequence changes (Perez and de la Torre,
2003, Virol 77(2): 1184-1194).
[0007] 2.3 Reverse Genetic System
[0008] Isolated and purified RNAs of negative-strand viruses like
LCMV cannot directly serve as mRNA i.e., cannot be translated when
introduced into cells. Consequently transfection of cells with
viral RNA does not lead to production of infectious viral
particles. In order to generate infectious viral particles of
negative-stranded RNA viruses from cDNA in cultured permissive
cells, the viral RNA segment(s) must be trans-complemented with the
minimal factors required for transcription and replication. With
the help of a minigenome system which has been published several
years ago, viral cis-acting elements and transacting factors
involved in transcription, replication and formation of viral
particles could finally be analyzed (Lee et al., 2000, J Virol
74(8): 3470-3477; Lee et al., 2002, J Virol 76(12): 6393-6397;
Perez and de la Torre 2003, J Virol 77(2): 1184-1194; Pinschewer et
al., 2003, J Virol 77(6): 3882-3887; Pinschewer et al., 2005, J
Virol 79(7): 4519-4526). Also for other arenaviruses like LASV and
Tacaribe virus reverse genetic systems have been established (Lopez
et al., 2001, J Virol 75(24): 12241-12251; Hass et al., 2004, J
Virol 78(24): 13793-13803). Two publications showed the recovery of
infectious LCMV entirely from cDNA using pol-I/-II or
T7/pol-II-driven plasmids, respectively (referred to as "viral
rescue") (Flatz et al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(12):
4663-4668; Sanchez and de la Torre, 2006, Virology 350(2):
370-380).
[0009] 2.4 Recombinant LCMV Expressing Genes of Interest
[0010] The generation of recombinant negative-stranded RNA viruses
expressing foreign genes of interest has been pursued for a long
time. Different strategies have been published for other viruses
(Garcia-Sastre et al., 1994, J Virol 68(10): 6254-6261; Percy et
al., 1994, J Virol 68(7): 4486-4492; Flick and Hobom, 1999,
Virology 262(1): 93-103; Machado et al., 2003, Virology 313(1):
235-249). In the past it has been shown that it is possible to
introduce additional foreign genes into the genome of bi-segmented
LCMV particles (Emonet et al., 2009, PNAS, 106(9):3473-3478). Two
foreign genes of interest were inserted into the bi-segmented
genome of LCMV, resulting in tri-segmented LCMV particles (r3LCMV)
with two S segments and one L segment. In the tri-segmented virus,
published by Emonet et al., (2009), both NP and GP were kept in
their respective natural position in the S segment and thus were
expressed under their natural promoters in the flanking UTR (FIG.
1B). However, the present application reveals that the
tri-segmented LCMV particle disclosed by Emonet et al., assembles
predominately bi-segmented particles (i.e., the arenavirus only
packages one instead of two S segments), resulting in attenuated
growth and strong selection pressure to recombine the two S
segments. As further shown in the present application, such
recombination is reproducibly found and results in phenotypic
reversion to wild-type virus and transgene loss.
[0011] 2.5 Replication-Defective Arenavirus
[0012] Recently, it has been shown that an infectious arenavirus
particle can be engineered to contain a genome with the ability to
amplify and express its genetic material in infected cells but
unable to produce further progeny in normal, not genetically
engineered cells (i.e., an infectious, replication-deficient
arenavirus particle) (International Publication No.: WO 2009/083210
A1 and International Publication No.: WO 2014/140301 A1).
3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The present application, relates to arenaviruses with
rearrangements of their ORFs in their genomes. In particular, the
present application relates to an arenavirus genomic segment that
has been engineered to carry an arenavirus ORF in a position other
than the wild-type position. The present application also provides
a tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and
two S segments or two L segments and one S segment that do not
recombine into a replication-competent bi-segmented arenavirus
particle. The present application demonstrates that the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle can be engineered to improve
genetic stability and ensure lasting transgene expression.
[0014] In certain embodiments, a viral vector as provided herein is
infectious, i.e., is capable of entering into or injecting its
genetic material into a host cell. In certain more specific
embodiments, a viral vector as provided herein is infectious, i.e.,
is capable of entering into or injecting its genetic material into
a host cell followed by amplification and expression of its genetic
information inside the host cell. In certain embodiments, the viral
vector is an infectious, replication-deficient arenavirus viral
vector engineered to contain a genome with the ability to amplify
and express its genetic information in infected cells but unable to
produce further infectious progeny particles in normal, not
genetically engineered cells. In certain embodiments, the
infectious arenavirus viral vector is replication-competent and
able to produce further infectious progeny particles in normal, not
genetically engineered cells. In certain more specific embodiments,
such a replication-competent viral vector is attenuated relative to
the wild type virus from which the replication-competent viral
vector is derived.
[0015] 3.1 Non-Natural Open Reading Frame
[0016] Accordingly, in one aspect, provided herein is an arenavirus
genomic segment. In certain embodiments, the genomic segment is
engineered to carry a viral ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF. In some embodiments, the arenavirus
genomic segment is selected from the group consisting of: [0017]
(i) an S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under control
of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0018] (ii) an S segment, wherein the ORF
encoding the Z protein is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR;
[0019] (iii) an S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L protein
is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0020] (iv) an S segment,
wherein the ORF encoding the GP is under control of an arenavirus
3' UTR; [0021] (v) an S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L
protein is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; [0022] (vi) an S
segment, wherein the ORF encoding the Z protein is under control of
an arenavirus 3' UTR; [0023] (vii) an L segment, wherein the ORF
encoding the GP is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0024]
(viii) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under
control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0025] (ix) an L segment, wherein
the ORF encoding the L protein is under control of an arenavirus 5'
UTR; [0026] (x) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the GP is
under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; [0027] (xi) an L segment,
wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under control of an arenavirus
3' UTR; and [0028] (xii) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the
Z protein is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR.
[0029] In some embodiments, the arenavirus 3' UTR is the 3' UTR of
the arenavirus 5 segment or the arenavirus L segment. In certain
embodiments, the arenavirus 5' UTR is the 5' UTR of the arenavirus
S segment or the arenavirus L segment.
[0030] Also provided herein is an isolated cDNA of an arenavirus
genomic segment provided herein. Also provided herein, is a DNA
expression vector comprising a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment.
[0031] Also provided herein, is a host cell comprising the
arenavirus genomic segment, a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment, or the vector comprising a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment.
[0032] Also provided herein, is an arenavirus particle comprising
the arenavirus genomic segment and a second arenavirus genomic
segment so that the arenavirus particle comprises an S segment and
an L segment.
[0033] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle is
infectious and replication competent. In some embodiments, the
arenavirus particle is attenuated. In other embodiments, the
arenavirus particle is infectious but unable to produce further
infectious progeny in non-complementing cells.
[0034] In certain embodiments, at least one of the four ORFs
encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein is removed or
functionally inactivated.
[0035] In certain embodiments, at least one of the four ORFs
encoding GP, NP, Z protein and L protein is removed and replaced
with a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus.
In other embodiments, only one of the four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z
protein and L protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous
ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus. In a more specific
embodiment, the ORF encoding GP is removed and replaced with a
heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus. In
other embodiments, the ORF encoding NP is removed and replaced with
a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus. In
some embodiments, the ORF encoding the Z protein is removed and
replaced with a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an
arenavirus. In other embodiments, the ORF encoding the L protein is
removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an organism other
than an arenavirus.
[0036] In certain embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a
reporter protein. In some embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes
an antigen derived from an infectious organism, tumor, or allergen.
In other embodiments, the heterologous ORF encoding an antigen is
selected from human immunodeficiency virus antigens, hepatitis C
virus antigens, hepatitis B surface antigen, varizella zoster virus
antigens, cytomegalovirus antigens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
antigens, and tumor associated antigens.
[0037] In certain embodiments, the growth or infectivity of the
arenavirus particle is not affected by the heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus.
[0038] Also provided herein is a method of producing the arenavirus
genomic segment. In certain embodiments, the method comprises
transcribing the cDNA of the arenavirus genomic segment.
[0039] Also provided herein is a method of generating the
arenavirus particle. In certain embodiments the method of
generating the arenavirus particle comprises: [0040] (i)
transfecting into a host cell the cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment; [0041] (ii) transfecting into the host cell a plasmid
comprising the cDNA of the second arenavirus genomic segment;
[0042] (iii) maintaining the host cell under conditions suitable
for virus formation; and [0043] (iv) harvesting the arenavirus
particle.
[0044] In certain embodiments, the transcription of the L segment
and the S segment is performed using a bidirectional promoter.
[0045] In certain embodiments, the method further comprises
transfecting into a host cell one or more nucleic acids encoding an
arenavirus polymerase. In yet more specific embodiments, the
polymerase is the L protein. In other embodiments, the method
further comprises transfecting into the host cell one or more
nucleic acids encoding the NP.
[0046] In certain embodiments, transcription of the L segment, and
the S segment are each under the control of a promoter selected
from the group consisting of: [0047] (i) a RNA polymerase I
promoter; [0048] (ii) a RNA polymerase II promoter; and [0049]
(iii) a T7 promoter.
[0050] In another embodiment, provided herein is a vaccine
comprising an arenavirus particle, wherein at least one of the four
ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein is removed or
functionally inactivated; or wherein at least one ORF encoding GP,
NP, Z protein, and L protein is removed and replaced with a
heterologous ORF from another organism other than an arenavirus; or
wherein only one of the four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L
protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus. In more specific embodiments,
the vaccine further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0051] In another embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising an arenavirus particle, wherein at least one
of the four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein is
removed or functionally inactivated; or wherein at least one ORF
encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein is removed and replaced
with a heterologous ORF from another organism other than an
arenavirus; or wherein only one of the four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z
protein, and L protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous
ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus. In more specific
embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier further
comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0052] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment or
the arenavirus particle is derived from LCMV. In some embodiments,
the arenavirus genomic segment or arenavirus particle is derived
from the LCMV MP strain, Armstrong strain, or Armstrong Clone 13
strain. In other embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment or the
arenavirus particle is derived from Junin virus vaccine Candid #1,
or Junin virus vaccine XJ Clone 3 strain.
[0053] 3.2 Tri-Segmented Arenavirus
[0054] In one aspect, provided herein is a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments. In some
embodiments, propagation of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
does not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented viral
particle after 70 days of persistent infection in mice lacking type
I interferon receptor, type II interferon receptor and
recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1), and having been infected
with 10.sup.4 PFU of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle. In
certain embodiments, inter-segmental recombination of the two S
segments, uniting two arenavirus ORFs on only one instead of two
separate segments, abrogates viral promoter activity.
[0055] In another aspect, provided herein is a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising two L segments and one S segment. In
certain embodiments, propagation of the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle does not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented
viral particle after 70 days of persistent infection in mice
lacking type I interferon receptor, type II interferon receptor and
recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1), and having been infected
with 10.sup.4 PFU of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle. In
certain embodiments, inter-segmental recombination of the two L
segments, uniting two arenavirus ORFs on only one instead of two
separate segments, abrogates viral promoter activity.
[0056] In certain embodiments, one of the two S segments is
selected from the group consisting of: [0057] (i) an S segment,
wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under control of an arenavirus
5' UTR [0058] (ii) an S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the Z
protein is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0059] (iii) an S
segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L protein is under control of
an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0060] (iv) an S segment, wherein the ORF
encoding the GP is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; [0061]
(v) an S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L protein is under
control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; and [0062] (vi) an S segment,
wherein the ORF encoding the Z protein is under control of an
arenavirus 3' UTR.
[0063] In certain embodiments, one of the two L segments is
selected from the group consisting of: [0064] (i) an L segment,
wherein the ORF encoding the GP is under control of an arenavirus
5' UTR; [0065] (ii) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP
is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0066] (iii) an L
segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L protein is under control of
an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0067] (iv) an L segment, wherein the ORF
encoding the GP is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; [0068]
(v) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under control
of an arenavirus 3' UTR; and [0069] (vi) an L segment, wherein the
ORF encoding the Z protein is under control of an arenavirus 3'
UTR.
[0070] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle 3' UTR is the 3' UTR of the arenavirus S segment or the
arenavirus L segment. In other embodiments, the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle 5' UTR is the 5' UTR of the arenavirus S
segment or the arenavirus L segment.
[0071] In certain embodiments, the two S segments comprise (i) one
or two heterologous ORFs from an organism other than an arenavirus;
or (ii) one or two duplicated arenavirus ORFs; or (iii) one
heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus and one
duplicated arenavirus ORF.
[0072] In certain embodiments, the two L segments comprise (i) one
or two heterologous ORFs from an organism other than an arenavirus;
or (ii) one or two duplicated arenavirus ORFs; or (iii) one
heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus and one
duplicated arenavirus ORF.
[0073] In certain embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, tumor, or allergen. In
other embodiments, the heterologous ORF encoding an antigen is
selected from human immunodeficiency virus antigens, hepatitis C
virus antigens, hepatitis B surface antigen, varizella zoster virus
antigens, cytomegalovirus antigens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
antigens, and tumor associated antigens.
[0074] In certain embodiments, at least one heterologous ORF
encodes a fluorescent protein. In other embodiments the fluorescent
protein is a green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent
protein (RFP).
[0075] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprises all four arenavirus ORFs. In some embodiments
the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is infectious and replication
competent.
[0076] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle lacks one or more of the four arenavirus ORFs. In other
embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is infectious
but unable to produce further infectious progeny in
non-complementing cells.
[0077] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle lacks one of the four arenavirus ORFs, wherein the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle is infectious but unable to
produce further infectious progeny in non-complementing cells.
[0078] In some embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
lacks the GP ORF.
[0079] In a further aspect, provided herein is a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two S segments. In
certain embodiments, a first S segment is engineered to carry an
ORF encoding GP in a position under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR
and an ORF encoding a first gene of interest in a position under
control of an arenavirus 5' UTR. In some embodiments, a second S
segment is engineered to carry an ORF encoding the NP in a position
under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR and an ORF encoding a second
gene of interest in a position under control of an arenavirus 5'
UTR.
[0080] In yet another aspect, provided herein, is a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two S segments. In
certain embodiments, a first S segment is engineered to carry an
ORF encoding GP in a position under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR
and an ORF encoding a first gene of interest in a position under
control of an arenavirus 3' UTR. In some embodiments, a second S
segment is engineered to carry an ORF encoding NP in a position
under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR and an ORF encoding a second
gene of interest in a position under control of an arenavirus 3'
UTR.
[0081] In certain embodiments, the gene of interest encodes an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, tumor, or allergen. In
other embodiments, the gene of interest encodes an antigen selected
from human immunodeficiency virus antigens, hepatitis C virus
antigens, hepatitis B surface antigen, varizella zoster virus
antigens, cytomegalovirus antigens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
antigens, and tumor associated antigens. In yet another embodiment,
at least one gene of interest encodes a fluorescent protein. In a
specific embodiment, the fluorescent protein is GFP or RFP.
[0082] Also provided herein is an isolated cDNA of the genome of
the tri-segmented arenavirus particle. Also provided herein, is a
DNA expression vector comprising a cDNA of the genome of the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle. Also provided herein is one or
more DNA expression vectors comprising either individually or in
their totality the cDNA of the tri-segmented arenavirus.
[0083] Also provided herein, is a host cell comprising the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle, the cDNA of the genome of the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle, or the vector comprising the
cDNA of the genome of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle.
[0084] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle is attenuated
[0085] Also provided herein is a method of generating the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle. In certain embodiments the
method of generating the arenavirus particle comprises: [0086] (i)
transfecting into a host cell one or more cDNAs of one L segment
and two S segments; [0087] (ii) maintaining the host cell under
conditions suitable for virus formation; and [0088] (iii)
harvesting the arenavirus particle.
[0089] Also provided herein is a method of generating the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle. In certain embodiments the
method of generating the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprises: [0090] (i) transfecting into a host cell one or more
cDNAs of two L segments and one S segment; [0091] (ii) maintaining
the host cell under conditions suitable for virus formation; and
[0092] (iii) harvesting the arenavirus particle.
[0093] In certain embodiments, the transcription of the one L
segment and two S segment is performed using a bidirectional
promoter. In some embodiments, the transcription of the two L
segments and one S segment is performed using a bidirectional
promoter.
[0094] In certain embodiments, the method further comprises
transfecting into a host cell one or more nucleic acids encoding an
arenavirus polymerase. In yet more specific embodiments, the
polymerase is the L protein. In other embodiments, the method
further comprises transfecting into the host cell one or more
nucleic acids encoding the NP protein.
[0095] In certain embodiments, transcription of the one L segment,
and two S segments are each under the control of a promoter
selected from the group consisting of: [0096] (i) a RNA polymerase
I promoter; [0097] (ii) a RNA polymerase II promoter; and [0098]
(iii) a T7 promoter.
[0099] In certain embodiments, transcription of the two L segments,
and one S segment are each under the control of a promoter selected
from the group consisting of: [0100] (i) a RNA polymerase I
promoter; [0101] (ii) a RNA polymerase II promoter; and [0102]
(iii) a T7 promoter.
[0103] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle has the same tropism as the bi-segmented arenavirus
particle. In other embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle is replication deficient.
[0104] In another embodiment, provided herein is a vaccine
comprising a tri-segmented arenavirus particle and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0105] In another embodiment, provided herein is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising a tri-segmented arenavirus particle and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0106] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle is derived from LCMV. In some embodiments, the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle is derived from the LCMV MP
strain, Armstrong strain, or Armstrong Clone 13 strain. In other
embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is derived from
Junin virus vaccine Candid #1, or Junin virus vaccine XJ Clone 3
strain.
[0107] 3.3 Conventions and Abbreviations
TABLE-US-00001 Abbreviation Convention APC Antigen presenting cell
art Artificial CAT Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CMI
cell-mediated immunity CD8 Cluster of differentiation 8 CD4 Cluster
of differentiation 4 GFP Green fluorescent protein GP Glycoprotein
IGR Intergenic region JUNV Junin virus LCMV Lymphocytic
choriomeningitis virus L protein RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L
segment Long segment MHC Major Histocompatibility Complex Z protein
Matrix protein Z nat Natural NP Nucleoprotein ORF Open reading
frame RFP Red fluorescent protein r2JUNV Recombinant bi-segmented
JUNV r3JUNV Recombinant tri-segmented JUNV r2LCMV Recombinant
bi-segmented LCMV r3LCMV Recombinant tri-segmented LCMV S segment
Short segment UTR Untranslated region VSV Vesicular Stomatitis
Virus
4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0108] FIG. 1: Recombinant tri-segmented viruses show impaired
growth compared to wild-type LCMV independently of the position of
the GP ORF in the genome. (A-C) Schematic representation of the
genomic organization of bi- and tri-segmented LCMV. The
bi-segmented genome of wild-type LCMV consists of one S segment
encoding the GP and NP and one L segment encoding the Z protein and
the L protein (A). Both segments are flanked by the respective 5'
and 3' UTRs. The genome of recombinant tri-segmented LCMVs (r3LCMV)
consists of one L and two S segments with one position where to
insert a gene of interest (here GFP) into each one of the S
segments. (B) r3LCMV-GFP.sup.natural (nat) has all viral genes in
their natural position whereas the GP ORF in
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.artificial (art) is artificially juxtaposed to and
expressed under control of the 3' UTR (C). (D) Growth kinetics of
the indicated viruses in BHK-21 cells, infected at a multiplicity
of infection (moi) of 0.01 (wild-type LCMV: grey triangles;
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat: black circles; r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art: white
squares). Supernatant was taken at the indicated time points after
infection and viral titers were determined by focus forming assay.
Symbols and bars represent the mean.+-.SEM of three replicates per
group. Error bars are hidden in the symbol size.
[0109] FIG. 2: Tri-segmented virus preparations contain a majority
of bi-segmented replication-deficient particles (r2LCMV). (A)
r2LCMV (white bars), r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art (black bars, GFP-GP,
RFP-NP) and r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.nat (grey bars, GP-GFP, RFP-NP) were
grown on wild-type BHK-21 cells and the infectivity of supernatant
was determined on wild-type non-complementing BHK-21 cells (BHK21),
GP-expressing (BHK-GP) or NP-expressing (BHK-NP) BHK-21 cells.
Titers on BHK-21 and BHK-GP cells were determined by staining
NP-positive viral foci. Titers on NP-complementing BHK-21 cells
were determined by counting GP-positive foci. Titers were
normalized to the average titer obtained when assessed on BHK-21
cells, and thus are expressed as a multiple thereof. Bars represent
the mean.+-.SEM of six replicates per group. ns.: not statistically
significant (p.gtoreq.0.05); **: p<0.01 by 1-way ANOVA followed
by Dunnett's post-test using r2LCMV as a reference. (B) r2LCMV
(left plot) or r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art (middle and right plot) were
grown on wild-type BHK-21 cells (BHK21; left and middle plot) or
NP-expressing BHK-21 cells (BHK-NP, right plot) and fluorescence
was assessed 12 hours after infection by flow cytometry. r2LCMV
infected cells were used as gating control. One representative plot
per condition is shown. (C) Quantification of GFP+, RFP+ or
GFP+RFP+ double positive cells 12 hours after infection with
r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art on BHK-21 or BHK-NP cells. Bars represent
the mean.+-.SEM of three replicates per group. ns.: not
statistically significant (p.gtoreq.0.05); ***: p<0.001 by
unpaired two-tailed student's t test.
[0110] FIG. 3: Design and growth kinetics of recombinant
tri-segmented viruses carrying a partially codon-optimized GP ORF
or a genetic tag in the IGR of the S segment. (A) Schematic of
genetically engineered S segment wherein the 255 C-terminal base
pairs of GP are codon-optimized and NP is replaced for GFP (GP ORF
referred to as "WE/WET"). Growth kinetics of the tri-segmented
r3LCMV-WEWET/GFP.sup.nat consisting of two S and one L segment as
detailed in FIG. 1B, with modification of the GP-containing S
segment as shown in (A) were performed on BHK-21 cells. Supernatant
was taken at the indicated time points after infection at moi=0.01
and viral titers were determined by focus forming assay (B).
Symbols and bars represent the mean.+-.SEM of three replicates per
group. Error bars are hidden in the symbol size. (C) Schematic of
the NP-encoding S segment wherein one base pair of the IGR has been
deleted in order to genetically "tag" this non-coding RNA element.
The deleted G residue (indicated by an arrow) lies outside the
critical stem-loop structure of the IGR. Comparative growth
kinetics of tri-segmented viruses with or without genetic tag in
the IGR of the NP-encoding S segment (r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat: black
circles; r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat IGR*: white circles) were performed on
BHK-21 cells at a moi of 0.01. Supernatant was collected at the
indicated time points after infection and viral titers were
determined by focus forming assay. Symbols and bars represent the
mean.+-.SEM of three replicates per group. Representative data from
one of two independent experiments are shown.
[0111] FIG. 4: r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat but not r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art
persistent infection in immunodeficient mice reaches viremia levels
equivalent to bi-segmented wild-type virus and results in loss of
GFP expression. (A) AGRAG mice were infected intravenously with
1.times.10.sup.4 PFU of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat (black circles),
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art (white squares) or control bi-segmented r2LCMV
(grey triangles) and viremia was monitored over time. Symbols
represent the mean.+-.SEM of 3-7 mice per group. (B) LCMV viremia
on day 127 after intravenous infection of AGRAG mice with
1.times.10.sup.4 PFU of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat or r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat is
shown. Immunofocus assays were performed to detect either
nucleoprotein NP (grey circles) or GFP (white circles). Symbols
represent individual mice. ns.: not statistically significant
(p.gtoreq.0.05); ***: p<0.001 (unpaired two-tailed student's t
test). (C-E) Blood from AGRAG mice infected with
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat, r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat or r2LCMV was analyzed on
day 120 after infection by flow cytometry for the presence of GFP+
cells. Monocytes and Macrophages were identified using the gating
strategy outlined in (C). One representative FACS plot for each
group and one representative histogram overlay of the GFP
expression is shown in (D). (E) Quantification of the GFP+
population within the CD11b+GR1-monocytes/macrophage population.
Symbols represent individual mice.
[0112] FIG. 5: r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat persistent infection of mice
results in S-segment recombination and loss of functional
full-length transgenes. Viral RNA was isolated from the serum of
AGRAG mice on day 127 after intravenous infection with
1.times.10.sup.4 PFU r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat or r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art.
Viral RNA was reverse transcribed and cDNA carrying both NP as well
as GP sequences was PCR-amplified with appropriate gene-specific
primers. (A) DNA electrophoresis of PCR products obtained
subsequent to (+RT, lanes 1-8) or without prior reverse
transcription of RNA template (-RT, negative control, lanes 9-12).
Serum of a naive animal was used as a separate negative control (n,
lane 8) and a plasmid DNA encoding a wild-type LCMV S segment as
positive control (p, lane 17). Amplicons of lanes 1-3 were subject
to Sanger sequencing. (B) Representative cDNA sequence obtained
from animal #3 (r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat #3) revealing a recombined S
segment combining NP and GP sequences, two IGRs (bold) and a
C-terminal GFP portion (grey highlight) (SEQ ID NO: 17). (C)
Schematic of three recombined viral S segment sequences isolated on
day 127 after infection, each of them dominating the viral
population in one representative AGRAG mouse. The tagged IGR
originating from the NP-carrying S segment is marked with a star
(*). The stretch that has been sequenced is indicated by a
double-arrow (<-->). Base pair (bp) length indications
describe the above GFP remnant and truncated (shortened) IGR
elements.
[0113] FIG. 6: Growth kinetics of recombined virus with two IGRs on
the S segment are similar to bi-segmented virus. BHK-21 cells were
infected at moi of 0.01 with either bi-segmented LCMV (grey
triangles) carrying a wild type S segment, with tri-segmented
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat (black circles) or with r2LCMV_2IGRs (white
diamonds) carrying one S segment corresponding to the recombination
product recovered from an infected AGRAG mouse (compare FIG. 5).
Supernatant was taken at the indicated time points and viral titers
were determined by focus forming assay. Symbols and bars represent
the mean.+-.SEM of three replicates per group. Error bars and are
hidden in the symbol size. ns.: not statistically significant
(p.gtoreq.0.05); ***: p<0.001 (1-way ANOVA followed by
Bonferroni's post-test for multiple comparisons).
[0114] FIG. 7: Model for the recombination events accountable for
r3LCMV-GP.sup.nat transgene loss and postulated mechanism of
r3LCMV-GP.sup.art genetic stability. This model bases itself upon
sequence data of LCMV transcription termination (Meyer and
Southern, 1993, J Virol, 67(5):2621-2627) combined with reverse
genetic evidence for the IGR as transcription termination signal
(Pinschewer et al., 2005, J Virol, 79(7):4519-4526). Together,
these findings suggested structure-dependent polymerase pausing
when completing the hairpin structure of the IGR. The GFP remnant
between the two IGRs in recombined S segments was found to
originate from either one or both S segments, fostering the model
that polymerase template switch (also referred to as copy-choice)
occurred when the polymerase paused, either during genome or
antigenome synthesis (below scenarios A and B, respectively). (A)
During antigenome synthesis the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
initiates at the 3'UTR of a genomic S segment template and then
reads through the NP ORF and IGR. At the end of the IGR the
polymerase pauses due to the secondary structure
("structure-dependent polymerase pausing"). Stalling of the
polymerase facilitates copy choice and continuation of RNA
replication on an alternative template (here: GP-encoding S segment
genome). Template switch must occur upstream of the GP stop codon,
and apparently is most likely to target sequences close to or at
the base of the IGR hairpin. Continuing its read through the
C-terminus of the second template's GFP, the polymerase then
synthesizes a second IGR, the GP ORF and the 5'UTR. (B) During
genome synthesis the RdRp initiates RNA synthesis at the 3' end of
an antigenomic S segment template containing GP, synthesizes the
5'UTR, GP and most or all of the IGR, followed by
structure-dependent polymerase pausing. Copy choice occurs,
switching into the C-terminal portion of the GFP ORF near the IGR
of an NP-containing S segment. Replication thus adds a fragment of
GFP, followed by an IGR in full length, the NP and 3'UTR. (C-D)
Template switch analogously to scenarios (A) and (B) can also occur
during genome or antigenome synthesis of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art. This
process also can combine NP and GP ORFs onto one RNA segment. The
latter is, however, made up of two 3' UTRs instead of a 3'UTR and a
5'UTR, which only together form a functional viral promoter. Such
molecules can therefore not be amplified by the RdRp and thus do
not form recombined replication-competent virus.
[0115] FIG. 8: An r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art vaccine vector with a genome
organization analogous to r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat was generated (see
FIG. 1C) but with two ovalbumin (OVA) genes instead of the
respective GFP genes in the latter virus. C57BL/6 mice were
immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) with either 10.sup.4 PFU of
r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art or with 108 particles of a replication-deficient
E1-deleted adenovirus 5-based vector expressing OVA. 8 days later
the animals were euthanized and the T cell response elicited in
response to the vaccination was analyzed. A: The frequency of
OVA-specific CD8+ T cells in spleen was determined using SIINFEKL
peptide-loaded MHC class I tetramers. Epitope-specific cell
frequencies were determined amongst B220-negative CD8+ lymphocytes.
B: The functionality of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells was analyzed by
intracellular cytokine assays using SIINFEKL peptide for
restimulation. Bars represent the mean+/-SEM of five mice per
group. *: p<0.05; **: p>0.01 by unpaired two-tailed student's
t test.
[0116] FIG. 9: Trisegmented LCMV induces polyfunctional memory CD8+
T cells. C57BL/6 mice were infected i.v. with 1.times.10.sup.5 PFU
r3LCMV-OVA or 1.times.10.sup.8 PFU rAd-OVA. Spleens were taken 25
days after infection and the functionality of OVA-specific CD8+ T
cells was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining. The cytokine
profile (IFN-.gamma., TNF-.alpha. and IL-2) of OVA-specific T cells
induced by r3LCMV-OVA (black bars) or rAd-OVA (white bars) is shown
as percent of CD8+ T cells (A) or as absolute numbers per spleen
(B). Symbols and bars represent the mean.+-.SEM of five mice per
group. Unpaired two-tailed student's t test was used for
statistical analysis, resulting p values were corrected for
multiple comparisons by multiplication with the number of
comparisons (n=7). One representative of two similar experiments is
shown.
[0117] FIG. 10: Antigen-encoding LCMV induces specific T cell
responses to foreign and autoantigens. C57BL/6 mice were infected
i.v. with 1.times.10.sup.5 PFU r3LCMV encoding for rat, human or
mouse Her2 peptide (A, B and C, respectively). Spleens were taken
nine days after infection and the induction of functional
antigen-specific CD8+ T cells was analyzed by intracellular
cytokine staining and flow cytometry. The cytokine profile
(IFN-.gamma., TNF-.alpha. and IL-2) of Her2-specific CD8+ T cells
induced by r3LCMV is shown in % of CD8+ T cells. Symbols and bars
represent the mean.+-.SEM of three mice per group.
[0118] FIG. 11: Interferon-.alpha. is induced upon r3LCMV infection
but not upon infection with recombinant Adeno- or Vacciniavirus.
C57BL/6 mice were infected i.v. with 1.times.10.sup.5 PFU
r3LCMV-OVA, 1.times.10.sup.8 PFU rAd-OVA or 1.times.10.sup.6 PFU
rVacc-OVA. Blood was collected on the indicated time points after
infection and levels of Interferon-.alpha. in the serum were
determined by ELISA. Symbols and bars represent the mean.+-.SEM of
four mice per group. ***: p<0.001 (2-way ANOVA followed by
Bonferroni's post-test for multiple comparisons). Representative
data from one out of two independent experiments are shown.
[0119] FIG. 12: Cell culture growth of r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art in
comparison to r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat and r2JUNV-wt. r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art
and r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat were constructed analogously to the
respective r3LCMV vectors schematically outlined in FIG. 1. To
compare their cell culture growth properties 293T cells were
infected at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01 with r2LCMV-wt,
r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art, and r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat, and supernatant was
harvested at the indicated time points. Infectious units (FFU) in
supernatant were determined by immunofocus assay. Symbols and bars
represent the mean.+-.SEM of three replicates per group and are
hidden in the symbol size.
[0120] FIG. 13: Trisegmented JUNV are dramatically attenuated in
vivo and only lead to detectable viremia upon loss of GFP. (A)
AGRAG mice were infected i.v. with 7.times.10.sup.4 PFU of
r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat (grey squares), r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art (white
triangles) or control bi-segmented r2JUNV strain Candid #1 (black
circles), and viremia was monitored over time. Symbols represent
individual mice (n=3-7 per group). (B) JUNV viremia was determined
on day 120 after intravenous infection of AGRAG mice with
7.times.104 PFU of r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat or r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art.
Immunofocus assays were performed to detect either nucleoprotein NP
(grey circles) or GFP (white circles). Viral stocks used to
inoculate mice were used as a staining control in the assay.
Symbols represent individual mice and inocula, respectively.
[0121] FIG. 14: Homologous and heterologous prime-boost
combinations of trisegmented LCMV- and JUNV-based vaccine vectors
induce strong PIA autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells responses. (A)
On day 0 and 35 of the experiment BALB/c mice were immunized with
8.5.times.10.sup.4 PFU of r3JUNV-P1A.sup.art (r3JUNV-P1A) and
r3LCMV-P1A.sup.art (r3LCMV-P1A) intravenously in the homologous or
heterologous combinations indicated in the chart. Epitope-specific
CD8+ T cells were stained using PIA epitope-loaded MHC class I
tetramers in combination with anti-CD8a antibody. The frequency of
P1A-tetramer-binding cells within the CD8+ T cell compartment in
peripheral blood (A) and the absolute number of PIA
tetramer-binding CD8+ T cells per microliter of peripheral blood
(B) was calculated. Symbols represent the mean+/-SEM of 3-5 mice
per group and time point.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0122] 4.1 Arenaviruses with an Open Reading Frame in a Non-Natural
Position
[0123] Provided herein are arenaviruses with rearrangements of
their ORFs. In certain embodiments, such arenaviruses are
replication competent and infectious. Genomic sequences of such
arenaviruses are provided herein. In one aspect, provided herein is
an arenavirus genomic segment, wherein the arenavirus genomic
segment is engineered to carry an arenavirus ORF in a position
other than the position in which the respective gene is found in
viruses isolated from the wild, such as LCMV-MP (see SEQ ID NOs: 4
and 5) (referred to herein as "wild-type position") of the ORF
(i.e., a non-natural position). In one embodiment, the arenavirus
particle is an LCMV.
[0124] The wild-type arenavirus genomic segments and ORFs are known
in the art. In particular, the arenavirus genome consists of an S
segment and an L segment. The S segment carries the ORFs encoding
the GP and the NP. The L segment encodes the L protein and the Z
protein. Both segments are flanked by the respective 5' and 3' UTRs
(see FIG. 1A). Illustrative wild-type arenavirus genomic segments
are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 1-10.
[0125] In certain embodiments, an arenavirus genomic segment can be
engineered to carry two or more arenavirus ORFs in a position other
than the wild-type position. In other embodiments, the arenavirus
genomic segment can be engineered to carry two arenavirus ORFs, or
three arenavirus ORFs, or four arenavirus ORFs in a position other
than the wild-type position.
[0126] In certain embodiments, an arenavirus genomic segment
provided herein can be: [0127] (i) an arenavirus S segment, wherein
the ORF encoding the NP is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR;
[0128] (ii) an arenavirus S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the Z
protein is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0129] (iii) an
arenavirus S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L protein is
under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0130] (iv) an arenavirus S
segment, wherein the ORF encoding the GP is under control of an
arenavirus 3' UTR; [0131] (v) an arenavirus S segment, wherein the
ORF encoding the L protein is under control of an arenavirus 3'
UTR; [0132] (vi) an arenavirus S segment, wherein the ORF encoding
the Z protein is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; [0133]
(vii) an arenavirus L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the GP is
under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0134] (viii) an arenavirus
L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under control of an
arenavirus 5' UTR; [0135] (ix) an arenavirus L segment, wherein the
ORF encoding the L protein is under control of an arenavirus 5'
UTR; [0136] (x) an arenavirus L segment, wherein the ORF encoding
the GP is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; [0137] (xi) an
arenavirus L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under
control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; and [0138] (xii) an arenavirus L
segment, wherein the ORF encoding the Z protein is under control of
an arenavirus 3' UTR.
[0139] In certain embodiments, the ORF that is in the non-natural
position of the arenavirus genomic segment described herein can be
under the control of an arenavirus 3' UTR or an arenavirus 5' UTR.
In more specific embodiments, the arenavirus 3' UTR is the 3' UTR
of the arenavirus S segment. In another specific embodiment, the
arenavirus 3' UTR is the 3'UTR of the arenavirus L segment. In more
specific embodiments, the arenavirus 5' UTR is the 5' UTR of the
arenavirus S segment. In other specific embodiments, the 5' UTR is
the 5' UTR of the L segment.
[0140] In other embodiments, the ORF that is in the non-natural
position of the arenavirus genomic segment described herein can be
under the control of the arenavirus conserved terminal sequence
element (the 5'- and 3'-terminal 19-20-nt regions) (see e.g., Perez
& de la Tone, 2003, J Virol. 77(2): 1184-1194).
[0141] In certain embodiments, the ORF that is in the non-natural
position of the arenavirus genomic segment can be under the control
of the promoter element of the 5' UTR (see e.g., Albarino et al.,
2011, J Virol., 85(8):4020-4). In another embodiment, the ORF that
is in the non-natural position of the arenavirus genomic segment
can be under the control of the promoter element of the 3' UTR (see
e.g., Albarino et al., 2011, J Virol., 85(8):4020-4). In more
specific embodiments, the promoter element of the 5' UTR is the 5'
UTR promoter element of the S segment or the L segment. In another
specific embodiment, the promoter element of the 3' UTR is the 3'
UTR the promoter element of the S segment or the L segment.
[0142] In certain embodiments, the ORF that is in the non-natural
position of the arenavirus genomic segment can be under the control
of a truncated arenavirus 3' UTR or a truncated arenavirus 5' UTR
(see e.g., Perez & de la Torre, 2003, J Virol. 77(2):
1184-1194; Albarino et al., 2011, J Virol., 85(8):4020-4). In more
specific embodiments, the truncated 3' UTR is the 3' UTR of the
arenavirus S segment or L segment. In more specific embodiments,
the truncated 5' UTR is the 5' UTR of the arenavirus S segment or L
segment.
[0143] Also provided herein, is an arenavirus particle comprising a
first genomic segment that has been engineered to carry an ORF in a
position other than the wild-type position of the ORF and a second
arenavirus genomic segment so that the arenavirus particle
comprises an S segment and an L segment. In specific embodiments,
the ORF in a position other than the wild-type position of the ORF
is one of the arenavirus ORFs.
[0144] In certain specific embodiments, the arenavirus particle can
comprise a full complement of all four arenavirus ORFs. In specific
embodiments, the second arenavirus genomic segment has been
engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than the wild-type
position of the ORF. In another specific embodiment, the second
arenavirus genomic segment can be the wild-type genomic segment
(i.e., comprises the ORFs on the segment in the wild-type
position).
[0145] In certain embodiments, the first arenavirus genomic segment
is an L segment and the second arenavirus genomic segment is an S
segment. In other embodiments, the first arenavirus genomic segment
is an S segment and the second arenavirus genomic segment is an L
segment.
[0146] Non-limiting examples of the arenavirus particle comprising
a genomic segment with an ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF and a second genomic segment are
illustrated in Table 1.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Arenavirus particle Position 1 Position 2
Position 3 Position 4 GP NP L Z GP Z L NP GP Z NP L GP L NP Z GP L
Z NP NP GP L Z NP GP Z L NP L GP Z NP L Z GP NP Z GP L NP Z L GP Z
GP L NP Z GP NP L Z NP GP L Z NP L GP Z L NP GP Z L GP NP L NP GP Z
L NP Z GP L GP Z NP L GP NP Z L Z NP GP L Z GP NP *Position 1 is
under the control of an arenavirus S segment 5' UTR; Position 2 is
under the control of an arenavirus S segment 3' UTR; Position 3 is
under the control of an arenavirus L segment 5' UTR; Position 4 is
under the control of an arenavirus L segment 3' UTR.
[0147] Also provided herein, is a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF. In more specific embodiments,
provided herein is a cDNA or a set of cDNAs of an arenavirus genome
as set forth in Table 1.
[0148] In certain embodiments, a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment that is engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than
the wild-type position of the ORF is part of or incorporated into a
DNA expression vector. In a specific embodiment, a cDNA of the
arenavirus genomic segment that is engineered to carry an ORF in a
position other than the wild-type position of the ORF is part of or
incorporated into a DNA expression vector that facilitates
production of an arenavirus genomic segment as described herein. In
another embodiment, a cDNA described herein can be incorporated
into a plasmid. More detailed description of the cDNAs or nucleic
acids and expression systems are provided is Section 4.5.1.
Techniques for the production of a cDNA are routine and
conventional techniques of molecular biology and DNA manipulation
and production. Any cloning technique known to the skilled artesian
can be used. Such as techniques are well known and are available to
the skilled artesian in laboratory manuals such as, Sambrook and
Russell, Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual, 3.sup.rd edition,
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory N.Y. (2001).
[0149] In certain embodiments, the cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment that is engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than
the wild-type position of the ORF is introduced (e.g., transfected)
into a host cell. Thus, in some embodiments provided herein, is a
host cell comprising a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic segment that
is engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF (i.e., a cDNA of the genomic
segment). In other embodiments, the cDNA described herein is part
of or can be incorporated into a DNA expression vector and
introduced into a host cell. Thus, in some embodiments provided
herein is a host cell comprising a cDNA described herein that is
incorporated into a vector. In other embodiments, the arenavirus
genomic segment described herein is introduced into a host
cell.
[0150] In certain embodiments, described herein is a method of
producing the arenavirus genomic segment, wherein the method
comprises transcribing the cDNA of the arenavirus genomic segment.
In certain embodiments, a viral polymerase protein can be present
during transcription of the arenavirus genomic segment in vitro or
in vivo.
[0151] In certain embodiments transcription of the arenavirus
genomic segment is performed using a bi-directional promoter. In
other embodiments, transcription of the arenavirus genomic segment
is performed using a bi-directional expression cassette (see e.g.,
Ortiz-Riano et al., 2013, J Gen Virol., 94(Pt 6): 1175-1188). In
more specific embodiments the bi-directional expression cassette
comprises both a polymerase I and a polymerase II promoter reading
from opposite sides into the two termini of the inserted arenavirus
genomic segment, respectively. In yet more specific embodiments the
bi-directional expression cassette with pol-I and pol-II promoters
read from opposite sides into the L segment and S segment
[0152] In other embodiments, transcription of the cDNA of the
arenavirus genomic segment described herein comprises a promoter.
Specific examples of promoters include an RNA polymerase I
promoter, an RNA polymerase II promoter, an RNA polymerase III
promoter, a T7 promoter, an SP6 promoter or a T3 promoter.
[0153] In certain embodiments, the method of producing the
arenavirus genomic segment can further comprise introducing into a
host cell the cDNA of the arenavirus genomic segment. In certain
embodiments, the method of producing the arenavirus genomic segment
can further comprise introducing into a host cell the cDNA of the
arenavirus genomic segment, wherein the host cell expresses all
other components for production of the arenavirus genomic segment;
and purifying the arenavirus genomic segment from the supernatant
of the host cell. Such methods are well-known to those skilled in
the art.
[0154] Provided herein are cell lines, cultures and methods of
culturing cells infected with nucleic acids, vectors, and
compositions provided herein. More detailed description of nucleic
acids, vector systems and cell lines described herein is provided
in Section 4.5.
[0155] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle as described
herein results in an infectious and replication competent
arenavirus particle. In specific embodiments, the arenavirus
particle described herein is attenuated. In a particular
embodiment, the arenavirus particle is attenuated such that the
virus remains, at least partially, able to spread and can replicate
in vivo, but can only generate low viral loads resulting in
subclinical levels of infection that are non-pathogenic. Such
attenuated viruses can be used as an immunogenic composition.
Provided herein, are immunogenic compositions that comprise an
arenavirus with an ORF in a non-natural position as described in
Section 4.7.
[0156] 4.1.1 Replication-Defective Arenavirus Particle with an Open
Reading Frame in a Non-Natural Position
[0157] In certain embodiments, provided herein is an arenavirus
particle in which (i) an ORF is in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF; and (ii) an ORF encoding GP, NP, Z
protein, and L protein has been removed or functionally inactivated
such that the resulting virus cannot produce further infectious
progeny virus particles. An arenavirus particle comprising a
genetically modified genome in which one or more ORFs has been
deleted or functionally inactivated can be produced in
complementing cells (i.e., cells that express the arenavirus ORF
that has been deleted or functionally inactivated). The genetic
material of the resulting arenavirus particle can be transferred
upon infection of a host cell into the host cell, wherein the
genetic material can be expressed and amplified. In addition, the
genome of the genetically modified arenavirus particle described
herein can encode a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an
arenavirus particle.
[0158] In certain embodiments, at least one of the four ORFs
encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein is removed and replaced
with a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus.
In another embodiment, at least one ORF, at least two ORFs, at
least three ORFs, or at least four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein
and L protein can be removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF
from an organism other than an arenavirus. In specific embodiments,
only one of the four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein
is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an organism
other than an arenavirus particle. In more specific embodiments,
the ORF that encodes GP of the arenavirus genomic segment is
removed. In another specific embodiment, the ORF that encodes the
NP of the arenavirus genomic segment is removed. In more specific
embodiments, the ORF that encodes the Z protein of the arenavirus
genomic segment is removed. In yet another specific embodiment, the
ORF encoding the L protein is removed.
[0159] Thus, in certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle
provided herein comprises a genomic segment that (i) is engineered
to carry an ORF in a non-natural position; (ii) an ORF encoding GP,
NP, Z protein, or L protein is removed; (iii) the ORF that is
removed is replaced with a heterologous ORF from an organism other
than an arenavirus.
[0160] In certain embodiments, the heterologous ORF is 8 to 100
nucleotides in length, 15 to 100 nucleotides in length, 25 to 100
nucleotides in length, 50 to 200 nucleotide in length, 50 to 400
nucleotide in length, 200 to 500 nucleotide in length, or 400 to
600 nucleotides in length, 500 to 800 nucleotide in length. In
other embodiments, the heterologous ORF is 750 to 900 nucleotides
in length, 800 to 100 nucleotides in length, 850 to 1000
nucleotides in length, 900 to 1200 nucleotides in length, 1000 to
1200 nucleotides in length, 1000 to 1500 nucleotides or 10 to 1500
nucleotides in length, 1500 to 2000 nucleotides in length, 1700 to
2000 nucleotides in length, 2000 to 2300 nucleotides in length,
2200 to 2500 nucleotides in length, 2500 to 3000 nucleotides in
length, 3000 to 3200 nucleotides in length, 3000 to 3500
nucleotides in length, 3200 to 3600 nucleotides in length, 3300 to
3800 nucleotides in length, 4000 nucleotides to 4400 nucleotides in
length, 4200 to 4700 nucleotides in length, 4800 to 5000
nucleotides in length, 5000 to 5200 nucleotides in length, 5200 to
5500 nucleotides in length, 5500 to 5800 nucleotides in length,
5800 to 6000 nucleotides in length, 6000 to 6400 nucleotides in
length, 6200 to 6800 nucleotides in length, 6600 to 7000
nucleotides in length, 7000 to 7200 nucleotides in lengths, 7200 to
7500 nucleotides in length, or 7500 nucleotides in length. In some
embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a peptide or polypeptide
that is 5 to 10 amino acids in length, 10 to 25 amino acids in
length, 25 to 50 amino acids in length, 50 to 100 amino acids in
length, 100 to 150 amino acids in length, 150 to 200 amino acids in
length, 200 to 250 amino acids in length, 250 to 300 amino acids in
length, 300 to 400 amino acids in length, 400 to 500 amino acids in
length, 500 to 750 amino acids in length, 750 to 1000 amino acids
in length, 1000 to 1250 amino acids in length, 1250 to 1500 amino
acids in length, 1500 to 1750 amino acids in length, 1750 to 2000
amino acids in length, 2000 to 2500 amino acids in length, or more
than 2500 or more amino acids in length. In some embodiments, the
heterologous ORF encodes a polypeptide that does not exceed 2500
amino acids in length. In specific embodiments the heterologous ORF
does not contain a stop codon. In certain embodiments, the
heterologous ORF is codon-optimized. In certain embodiments the
nucleotide composition, nucleotide pair composition or both can be
optimized. Techniques for such optimizations are known in the art
and can be applied to optimize a heterologous ORF.
[0161] Any heterologous ORF from an organism other than an
arenavirus may be included in an arenavirus genomic segment. In one
embodiment, the heterologous ORF encodes a reporter protein. More
detailed description of reporter proteins are described in Section
4.3. In another embodiment, the heterologous ORF encodes an antigen
for an infectious pathogen or an antigen associated with any
disease that is capable of eliciting an immune response. In
specific embodiments the antigen is derived from an infectious
organism, a tumor (i.e., cancer), or an allergen. More detailed
description on heterologous ORFs is described in Section 4.3.
[0162] In certain embodiments, the growth and infectivity of the
arenavirus particle is not affected by the heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus.
[0163] Techniques known to one skilled in the art may be used to
produce an arenavirus particle comprising an arenavirus genomic
segment engineered to carry an arenavirus ORF in a position other
than the wild-type position. For example, reverse genetics
techniques may be used to generate such arenavirus particle. In
other embodiments, the replication-defective arenavirus particle
(i.e., the arenavirus genomic segment engineered to carry an
arenavirus ORF in a position other than the wild-type position,
wherein an ORF encoding GP, NP, Z protein, L protein, has been
deleted) can be produced in a complementing cell.
[0164] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment or
the arenavirus particle using according to the present application
can be Old World Viruses, for example, LCMV.
[0165] In certain embodiments, the present application relates to
the arenavirus particle as described herein suitable for use as a
vaccine and methods of using such arenavirus particle in a
vaccination and treatment or prevention of, for example, infections
or cancers. More detailed description of the methods of using the
arenavirus particle described herein is provided in Section 4.6
[0166] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a kit comprising,
in one or more containers, one or more cDNAs described herein. In a
specific embodiment, a kit comprises, in one or two or more
containers an arenavirus genomic segment or an arenavirus particle
as described herein. The kit may further comprise one or more of
the following: a host cell suitable for rescue of the arenavirus
genomic segment or the arenavirus particle, reagents suitable for
transfecting plasmid cDNA into a host cell, a helper virus,
plasmids encoding viral proteins and/or one or more primers
specific for an modified arenavirus genomic segment or arenavirus
particle or cDNAs of the same.
[0167] In certain embodiments, the present application relates to
the arenavirus particle as described herein suitable for use as a
pharmaceutical composition and methods of using such arenavirus
particle in a vaccination and treatment or prevention of, for
example, infections and cancers. More detailed description of the
methods of using the arenavirus particle described herein is
provided in Section 4.7.
[0168] 4.2 Tri-Segmented Arenavirus Particle
[0169] Provided herein are tri-segmented arenavirus particles with
rearrangements of their ORFs. In one aspect, provided herein is a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two
S segments or two L segments and one S segment. In certain
embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle does not
recombine into a replication competent bi-segmented arenavirus
particle. More specifically, in certain embodiments, two of the
genomic segments (e.g., the two S segments or the two L segments,
respectively) cannot recombine in a way to yield a single viral
segment that could replace the two parent segments. In specific
embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprises an ORF
in a position other than the wild-type position of the ORF. In yet
another specific embodiment, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprises all four arenavirus ORFs. Thus, in certain embodiments,
the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is replication competent and
infectious. In other embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle lacks one of the four arenavirus ORFs. Thus, in certain
embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is infectious
but unable to produce further infectious progeny in
non-complementing cells.
[0170] In certain embodiments, the ORF encoding GP, NP, Z protein,
or the L protein of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle described
herein can be under the control of an arenavirus 3' UTR or an
arenavirus 5' UTR. In more specific embodiments, the tri-segmented
arenavirus 3' UTR is the 3' UTR of an arenavirus S segment(s). In
another specific embodiment, the tri-segmented arenavirus 3' UTR is
the 3' UTR of a tri-segmented arenavirus L segment(s). In more
specific embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus 5' UTR is the 5'
UTR of an arenavirus S segment(s). In other specific embodiments,
the 5' UTR is the 5' UTR of the L segment(s).
[0171] In other embodiments, the ORF encoding GP, NP, Z protein, or
the L protein of tri-segmented arenavirus particle described herein
can be under the control of the arenavirus conserved terminal
sequence element (the 5'- and 3'-terminal 19-20-nt regions) (see
e.g., Perez & de la Torre, 2003, J Virol. 77(2):
1184-1194).
[0172] In certain embodiments, the ORF encoding GP, NP, Z protein
or the L protein of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle can be
under the control of the promoter element of the 5' UTR (see e.g.,
Albarino et al., 2011, J Virol., 85(8):4020-4). In another
embodiment, the ORF encoding GP, NP Z protein, L protein of the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle can be under the control of the
promoter element of the 3' UTR (see e.g., Albarino et al., 2011, J
Virol., 85(8):4020-4). In more specific embodiments, the promoter
element of the 5' UTR is the 5' UTR promoter element of the S
segment(s) or the L segment(s). In another specific embodiment, the
promoter element of the 3' UTR is the 3' UTR the promoter element
of the S segment(s) or the L segment(s).
[0173] In certain embodiments, the ORF that encoding GP, NP, Z
protein or the L protein of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
can be under the control of a truncated arenavirus 3' UTR or a
truncated arenavirus 5' UTR (see e.g., Perez & de la Torre,
2003, J Virol. 77(2): 1184-1194; Albarino et al., 2011, J Virol.,
85(8):4020-4). In more specific embodiments, the truncated 3' UTR
is the 3' UTR of the arenavirus S segment or L segment. In more
specific embodiments, the truncated 5' UTR is the 5' UTR of the
arenavirus S segment(s) or L segment(s).
[0174] Also provided herein, is a cDNA of the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle. In more specific embodiments, provided herein
is a DNA nucleotide sequence or a set of DNA nucleotide sequences
encoding a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as set forth in Table
2 or Table 3.
[0175] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acids encoding the
tri-segmented arenavirus genome are part of or incorporated into
one or more DNA expression vectors. In a specific embodiment,
nucleic acids encoding the genome of the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle is part of or incorporated into one or more DNA expression
vectors that facilitate production of a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle as described herein. In another embodiment, a cDNA
described herein can be incorporated into a plasmid. More detailed
description of the cDNAs and expression systems are provided is
Section 4.5.1. Techniques for the production of a cDNA routine and
conventional techniques of molecular biology and DNA manipulation
and production. Any cloning technique known to the skilled artesian
can be used. Such techniques are well known and are available to
the skilled artesian in laboratory manuals such as, Sambrook and
Russell, Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual, 3.sup.rd edition,
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory N.Y. (2001).
[0176] In certain embodiments, the cDNA of the tri-segmented
arenavirus is introduced (e.g., transfected) into a host cell.
Thus, in some embodiments provided herein, is a host cell
comprising a cDNA of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle (i.e., a
cDNA of the genomic segments of the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle). In other embodiments, the cDNA described herein that is
part of or can be incorporated into a DNA expression vector and
introduced into a host cell. Thus, in some embodiments provided
herein is a host cell comprising a cDNA described herein that is
incorporated into a vector. In other embodiments, the tri-segmented
arenavirus genomic segments (i.e., the L segment and/or S segment
or segments) described herein is introduced into a host cell.
[0177] In certain embodiments, described herein is a method of
producing the tri-segmented arenavirus particle, wherein the method
comprises transcribing the cDNA of the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle. In certain embodiments, a viral polymerase protein can be
present during transcription of the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle in vitro or in vivo. In certain embodiments, transcription
of the arenavirus genomic segment is performed using a
bi-directional promoter.
[0178] In other embodiments, transcription of the arenavirus
genomic segment is performed using a bi-directional expression
cassette (see e.g., Ortiz-Riano et al., 2013, J Gen Virol., 94(Pt
6): 1175-1188). In more specific embodiments the bi-directional
expression cassette comprises both a polymerase I and a polymerase
II promoter reading from opposite sides into the two termini of the
inserted arenavirus genomic segment, respectively.
[0179] In other embodiments, transcription of the cDNA of the
arenavirus genomic segment described herein comprises a promoter.
Specific examples of promoters include an RNA polymerase I
promoter, an RNA polymerase II promoter, an RNA polymerase III
promoter, a T7 promoter, an SP6 promoter or a T3 promoter.
[0180] In certain embodiments, the method of producing the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle can further comprise introducing
into a host cell the cDNA of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle.
In certain embodiments, the method of producing the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle can further comprise introducing into a host
cell the cDNA of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle, wherein the
host cell expresses all other components for production of the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle; and purifying the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle from the supernatant of the host cell. Such
methods are well-known to those skilled in the art.
[0181] Provided herein are cell lines, cultures and methods of
culturing cells infected with nucleic acids, vectors, and
compositions provided herein. More detailed description of nucleic
acids, vector systems and cell lines described herein is provided
in Section 4.5.
[0182] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle as described herein results in an infectious and
replication competent arenavirus particle. In specific embodiments,
the arenavirus particle described herein is attenuated. In a
particular embodiment, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is
attenuated such that the virus remains, at least partially,
replication-competent and can replicate in vivo, but can only
generate low viral loads resulting in subclinical levels of
infection that are non-pathogenic. Such attenuated viruses can be
used as an immunogenic composition.
[0183] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle has the same tropism as the bi-segmented arenavirus
particle.
[0184] Also provided herein is a kit comprising, in one or more
containers, one or more cDNAs described herein. In a specific
embodiment, a kit comprises, in one or two or more containers a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle as described herein. The kit may
further comprise one or more of the following: a host cell suitable
for rescue of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle, reagents
suitable for transfecting plasmid cDNA into a host cell, a helper
virus, plasmids encoding viral proteins and/or one or more
oligonucleotide primers specific for a modified arenavirus genomic
segment or arenavirus particle or nucleic acids encoding the
same.
[0185] Also provided herein are immunogenic compositions that
comprise the tri-segmented arenavirus particle as described in
Section 4.6 and 4.7.
[0186] 4.2.1 Tri-Segmented Arenavirus Particle Comprising One L
Segment and Two S Segments
[0187] In one aspect, provided herein is a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments. In certain
embodiments, propagation of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising one L segment and two S segments does not result in a
replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle. In specific
embodiments, propagation of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising one L segment and two S segments does not result in a
replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle after at least 10
days, at least 20 days, at least 30 days, at least 40 days, at
least 50 days, at least 60 days, at least 70 days, at least 80
days, at least 90 days, or at least 100 days of persistent
infection in mice lacking type I interferon receptor, type II
interferon receptor and recombination activating gene (RAG1), and
having been infected with 10.sup.4 PFU of the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle (see Section 4.8.13). In other embodiments,
propagation of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one
L segment and two S segments does not result in a
replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle after at least 10
passages, at least 20 passages, at least 30 passages, at least 40
passages, or at least 50 passages.
[0188] The tri-segmented arenavirus particle with all viral genes
in their respective wild-type position is known in the art (e.g.,
Emonet et al., 2011 J. Virol., 85(4):1473; Popkin et al., 2011, J.
Virol, 85(15):7928). In particular, the tri-segmented arenavirus
genome consists of one L segment and two S segments, in which a
heterologous ORF (e.g., a GFP) is inserted into one position on
each S segment. More specifically, one S segment encodes GP and
GFP, respectively. The other S segment encodes GFP and NP,
respectively. The L segment encodes the L protein and Z protein.
All segments are flanked by the respective 5' and 3' UTRs.
[0189] In certain embodiments, inter-segmental recombination of the
two S segments of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle, provided
herein, that unities the two arenaviral ORFs on one instead of two
separate segments results in a non functional promoter (i.e., a
genomic segment of the structure: 5'UTR-----------5' UTR or a 3'
UTR-----------3' UTR), wherein each UTR forming one end of the
genome is an inverted repeat sequence of the other end of the same
genome.
[0190] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments has been
engineered to carry an arenavirus ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF. In other embodiments, the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two
S segments has been engineered to carry two arenavirus ORFs, or
three arenavirus ORFs, or four arenavirus ORFs, or five arenavirus
ORFs, or six arenavirus ORFs in a position other than the wild-type
position. In specific embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments comprises a
full complement of all four arenavirus ORFs. Thus, in some
embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is an infectious
and replication competent tri-segmented arenavirus particle. In
specific embodiments, the two S segments of the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle have been engineered to carry one of their ORFs
in a position other than the wild-type position. In more specific
embodiments, the two S segments comprise a full complement of the S
segment ORF's. In certain specific embodiments, the L segment has
been engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position or the L segment can be the wild-type genomic
segment.
[0191] In certain embodiments, one of the two S segments can be:
[0192] (i) an arenavirus S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the Z
protein is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0193] (ii) an
arenavirus S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L protein is
under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0194] (iii) an arenavirus S
segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP is under control of an
arenavirus 5' UTR; [0195] (iv) an arenavirus S segment, wherein the
ORF encoding the GP is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR;
[0196] (v) an arenavirus S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L
is under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; and [0197] (vi) an
arenavirus S segment, wherein the ORF encoding the Z protein is
under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR.
[0198] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments can comprise a
duplicate ORF (i.e., two wild-type S segment ORFs e.g., GP or NP).
In specific embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising one L segment and two S segments can comprise one
duplicate ORF (e.g., (GP, GP)) or two duplicate ORFs (e.g., (GP,
GP) and (NP, NP)).
[0199] Table 2A, below, is an illustration of the genome
organization of a tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one
L segment and two S segments, wherein intersegmental recombination
of the two S segments in the tri-segmented arenavirus genome does
not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle
and abrogates arenaviral promoter activity (i.e., the resulting
recombined S segment is made up of two 3'UTRs instead of a 3' UTR
and a 5' UTR).
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2A Tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising one L segment and two S segments Position 1 Position 2
Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Position 6 *ORF GP *ORF NP Z L
*ORF NP *ORF GP Z L *ORF NP *ORF GP L Z *ORF NP *ORF Z L GP *ORF NP
Z GP *ORF Z *ORF NP Z GP Z *ORF *ORF NP *ORF L Z GP *ORF L *ORF NP
Z GP *ORF L Z NP *ORF GP *ORF L *ORF GP Z NP *ORF L Z GP *ORF NP
*ORF Z L NP *ORF GP *ORF Z *ORF GP L NP *ORF Z L GP *ORF NP L GP
*ORF NP *ORF Z L GP *ORF *ORF Z NP L GP *ORF Z *ORF NP L *ORF Z GP
*ORF NP L GP *ORF NP *ORF Z L GP *ORF Z *ORF NP L GP Z NP *ORF *ORF
L GP Z NP *ORF *ORF L *ORF Z NP *ORF GP L NP *ORF Z *ORF GP L NP Z
*ORF GP *ORF L *ORF Z *ORF GP NP L NP Z GP *ORF *ORF L NP *ORF Z
*ORF GP L *ORF Z NP *ORF GP L Z *ORF GP *ORF NP L Z *ORF NP *ORF GP
Z GP *ORF NP *ORF L Z GP *ORF *ORF L NP Z GP *ORF L *ORF NP Z *ORF
L GP *ORF NP Z GP *ORF NP *ORF L Z GP *ORF L *ORF NP Z GP L NP *ORF
*ORF Z GP L NP *ORF *ORF Z *ORF L NP *ORF GP Z NP *ORF *ORF L GP Z
NP *ORF GP *ORF L Z NP *ORF *ORF L GP Z NP *ORF L *ORF GP Z NP L GP
*ORF *ORF Z *ORF L GP *ORF NP Z NP *ORF GP *ORF L Z NP *ORF L *ORF
GP Z *ORF L NP *ORF GP Z L *ORF GP *ORF NP Position 1 is under the
control of an arenavirus S segment 5' UTR; Position 2 is under the
control of an arenavirus S segment 3' UTR; Position 3 is under the
control of an arenavirus S segment 5' UTR; Position 4 under the
control of an arenavirus S segment 3' UTR; Position 5 is under the
control of an arenavirus L segment 5' UTR; Position 6 is under the
control of an arenavirus L segment 3' UTR. *ORF indicates that a
heterologous ORF has been inserted.
[0200] In certain embodiments, the IGR between position one and
position two can be an arenavirus S segment or L segment IGR; the
IGR between position two and three can be an arenavirus S segment
or L segment IGR; and the IGR between the position five and six can
be an arenavirus L segment IGR. In a specific embodiment, the IGR
between position one and position two can be an arenavirus S
segment IGR; the IGR between position two and three can be an
arenavirus S segment IGR; and the IGR between the position five and
six can be an arenavirus L segment IGR. In certain embodiments,
other combinations are also possible. For example, a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two S segments,
wherein intersegmental recombination of the two S segments in the
tri-segmented arenavirus genome does not result in a
replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle and abrogates
arenaviral promoter activity (i.e., the resulting recombined S
segment is made up of two 5'UTRs instead of a 3' UTR and a 5'
UTR).
[0201] In certain embodiments, intersegmental recombination of an S
segment and an L segment in the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising one L segment and two S segments, restores a functional
segment with two viral genes on only one segment instead of two
separate segments. In other embodiments, intersegmental
recombination of an S segment and an L segment in the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two S segments
does not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented viral
particle.
[0202] Table 2B, below, is an illustration of the genome
organization of a tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising one
L segment and two S segments, wherein intersegmental recombination
of an S segment and an L segment in the tri-segmented arenavirus
genome does not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented
viral particle and abrogates arenaviral promoter activity (i.e.,
the resulting recombined S segment is made up of two 3 `UTRs
instead of a 3` UTR and a 5' UTR).
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2B Tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising one L segment and two S segments Position 1 Position 2
Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Position 6 L GP *ORF NP Z *ORF L
GP Z *ORF *ORF NP L GP *ORF NP Z *ORF L GP Z *ORF *ORF NP L NP *ORF
GP Z *ORF L NP Z *ORF *ORF GP L NP *ORF GP Z *ORF L NP Z *ORF *ORF
GP Z GP *ORF NP L *ORF Z GP L *ORF *ORF NP Z GP *ORF NP L *ORF Z NP
L *ORF *ORF GP Z NP *ORF GP L *ORF Z NP L *ORF *ORF GP Position 1
is under the control of an arenavirus S segment 5' UTR; Position 2
is under the control of an arenavirus S segment 3' UTR; Position 3
is under the control of an arenavirus S segment 5' UTR; Position 4
under the control of an arenavirus S segment 3' UTR; Position 5 is
under the control of an arenavirus L segment 5' UTR; Position 6 is
under the control of an arenavirus L segment 3' UTR. *ORF indicates
that a heterologous ORF has been inserted.
[0203] In certain embodiments, the IGR between position one and
position two can be an arenavirus S segment or L segment IGR; the
IGR between position two and three can be an arenavirus S segment
or L segment IGR; and the IGR between the position five and six can
be an arenavirus L segment IGR. In a specific embodiment, the IGR
between position one and position two can be an arenavirus S
segment IGR; the IGR between position two and three can be an
arenavirus S segment IGR; and the IGR between the position five and
six can be an arenavirus L segment IGR. In certain embodiments,
other combinations are also possible. For example, a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two S segments,
wherein intersegmental recombination of the two S segments in the
tri-segmented arenavirus genome does not result in a
replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle and abrogates
arenaviral promoter activity (i.e., the resulting recombined S
segment is made up of two 5'UTRs instead of a 3' UTR and a 5'
UTR).
[0204] In certain embodiments, one of skill in the art could
construct an arenavirus genome with an organization as illustrated
in Table 2A or 2B and as described herein, and then use an assay as
described in Section 4.8 to determine whether the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle is genetically stable, i.e., does not result in
a replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle as discussed
herein.
[0205] 4.2.2 Tri-Segmented Arenavirus Particle Comprising Two L
Segments and One S Segment
[0206] In one aspect, provided herein is a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising two L segments and one S segment. In certain
embodiments, propagation of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising two L segments and one S segment does not result in a
replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle. In specific
embodiments, propagation of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising two L segments and one S segment does not result in a
replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle after at least 10
days, at least 20 days, at least 30 days, at least 40 days, or at
least 50 days, at least 60 days, at least 70 days, at least 80
days, at least 90 days, at least 100 days of persistent in mice
lacking type I interferon receptor, type II interferon receptor and
recombination activating gene (RAG1), and having been infected with
10.sup.4 PFU of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle (see Section
4.8.13). In other embodiments, propagation of the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising two L segments and one S segment
does not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented viral
particle after at least 10 passages, 20 passages, 30 passages, 40
passages, or 50 passages.
[0207] In certain embodiments, inter-segmental recombination of the
two L segments of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle, provided
herein, that unities the two arenaviral ORFs on one instead of two
separate segments results in a non functional promoter (i.e., a
genomic segment of the structure: 5'UTR-----------5' UTR or a 3'
UTR-----------3' UTR), wherein each UTR forming one end of the
genome is an inverted repeat sequence of the other end of the same
genome.
[0208] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising two L segments and one S segment has been
engineered to carry an arenavirus ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF. In other embodiments, the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising two L segments and one
S segment has been engineered to carry two arenavirus ORFs, or
three arenavirus ORFs, or four arenavirus ORFs, or five arenavirus
ORFs, or six arenavirus ORFs in a position other than the wild-type
position. In specific embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising two L segments and one S segment comprises a
full complement of all four arenavirus ORFs. Thus, in some
embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle is an infectious
and replication competent tri-segmented arenavirus particle. In
specific embodiments, the two L segments of the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle have been engineered to carry one of their ORFs
in a position other than the wild-type position. In more specific
embodiments, the two L segments comprise a full complement of the L
segment ORF's. In certain specific embodiments, the S segment has
been engineered to carry one of their ORFs in a position other than
the wild-type position or the S segment can be the wild-type
genomic segment.
[0209] In certain embodiments, one of the two L segments can be:
[0210] (i) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the GP is under
control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0211] (ii) an L segment, wherein
the ORF encoding NP is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR;
[0212] (iii) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the L protein
is under control of an arenavirus 5' UTR; [0213] (iv) an L segment,
wherein the ORF encoding the GP is under control of an arenavirus
3' UTR; [0214] (v) an L segment, wherein the ORF encoding the NP is
under control of an arenavirus 3' UTR; and [0215] (vi) an L
segment, wherein the ORF encoding the Z protein is under control of
an arenavirus 3' UTR.
[0216] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle comprising one L segment and two S segments can comprise a
duplicate ORF (i.e., two wild-type L segment ORFs e.g., Z protein
or L protein). In specific embodiments, the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising two L segments and one S segment can
comprise one duplicate ORF (e.g., (Z protein, Z protein)) or two
duplicate ORFs (e.g., (Z protein, Z protein) and (L protein, L
protein)).
[0217] Table 3, below, is an illustration of the genome
organization of a tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising two
L segments and one S segment, wherein intersegmental recombination
of the two L segments in the tri-segmented arenavirus genome does
not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle
and abrogates arenaviral promoter activity (i.e., the putatively
resulting recombinant L segment would be made up of two 3'UTRs or
two 5' UTRs instead of a 3' UTR and a 5' UTR). Based on Table 3
similar combinations could be predicted for generating an
arenavirus particle made up of two 5' UTRs instead of a 3' UTR and
a 5' UTR.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3 Tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising
two L segments and one S segment Position 1 Position 2 Position 3
Position 4 Position 5 Position 6 ORF* Z ORF* L NP GP ORF* Z ORF* L
GP NP ORF* Z GP L ORF* NP ORF* Z ORF* GP NP L ORF* Z GP ORF* NP L
ORF* Z NP ORF* GP L ORF* ORF* NP Z GP L ORF* Z GP NP ORF* L ORF* Z
NP GP ORF* L ORF* L ORF* Z NP GP ORF* L ORF* Z GP NP ORF* L ORF* GP
NP Z ORF* L GP Z ORF* NP ORF* L ORF* GP NP Z ORF* L NP Z ORF* GP
ORF* L GP NP ORF* Z ORF* L NP GP ORF* Z ORF* GP ORF* L NP Z ORF* GP
NP L ORF* Z ORF* GP ORF* Z NP L ORF* GP NP Z ORF* L ORF* NP ORF* L
GP Z ORF* NP GP L ORF* Z ORF* NP GP Z ORF* L ORF* NP ORF* Z GP L
ORF* L ORF* Z NP GP ORF* L ORF* Z GP NP ORF* L ORF* NP GP Z ORF* L
ORF* GP NP Z ORF* L NP Z ORF* GP ORF* Z ORF* GP NP L ORF* Z GP L
ORF* NP ORF* Z NP GP ORF* L ORF* Z GP NP ORF* L ORF* GP ORF* L NP Z
ORF* GP ORF* L Z NP ORF* GP ORF* Z GP L ORF* GP NP L ORF* Z GP L
ORF* Z ORF* NP GP L ORF* NP ORF* Z GP Z ORF* L ORF* NP GP Z ORF* L
ORF* NP GP Z ORF* NP ORF* L GP NP ORF* Z ORF* L NP L ORF* Z ORF* GP
NP L ORF* GP ORF* Z NP L ORF* Z ORF* GP *Position 1 is under the
control of an arenavirus L segment 5' UTR; position 2 is under the
control of an arenavirus L segment 3' UTR; position 3 is under the
control of an arenavirus L segment 5' UTR; position 4 is under the
control of an arenavirus L segment 3' UTR; position 5 is under the
control of an arenavirus S segment 5' UTR; position 6 is under the
control of an arenavirus S segment 3' UTR. *ORF indicates that a
heterologous ORF has been inserted.
[0218] In certain embodiments, the IGR between position one and
position two can be an arenavirus S segment or L segment IGR; the
IGR between position two and three can be an arenavirus S segment
or L segment IGR; and the IGR between the position five and six can
be an arenavirus S segment or L segment IGR. In a specific
embodiment, the IGR between position one and position two can be an
arenavirus L segment IGR; the IGR between position two and three
can be an arenavirus L segment IGR; and the IGR between the
position five and six can be an arenavirus S segment IGR. In
certain embodiments, other combinations are also possible.
[0219] In certain embodiments intersegmental recombination of an L
segment and an S segment from the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising two L segments and one S segment restores a functional
segment with two viral genes on only one segment instead of two
separate segments. In other embodiments, intersegmental
recombination of an L segment and an S segment in the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising two L segments and one S segment
does not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented viral
particle.
[0220] Table 3B, below, is an illustration of the genome
organization of a tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising two
L segments and one S segment, wherein intersegmental recombination
of an L segment and an S segment in the tri-segmented arenavirus
genome does not result in a replication-competent bi-segmented
viral particle and abrogates arenaviral promoter activity (i.e.,
the resulting recombined S segment is made up of two 3 `UTRs
instead of a 3` UTR and a 5' UTR).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 3B Tri-segmented arenavirus particle
comprising two L segments and one S segment Position 1 Position 2
Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Position 6 NP Z *ORF GP L *ORF NP
Z GP *ORF *ORF L NP Z *ORF GP L *ORF NP Z GP *ORF *ORF L NP L *ORF
GP Z *ORF NP L GP *ORF *ORF Z NP L *ORF GP Z *ORF NP L GP *ORF *ORF
Z GP Z *ORF NP L *ORF GP Z NP *ORF *ORF L GP Z *ORF NP L *ORF GP L
NP *ORF *ORF Z GP L *ORF NP Z *ORF GP L NP *ORF *ORF Z *Position 1
is under the control of an arenavirus L segment 5' UTR; position 2
is under the control of an arenavirus L segment 3' UTR; position 3
is under the control of an arenavirus L segment 5' UTR; position 4
is under the control of an arenavirus L segment 3' UTR; position 5
is under the control of an arenavirus S segment 5' UTR; position 6
is under the control of an arenavirus S segment 3' UTR. *ORF
indicates that a heterologous ORF has been inserted.
[0221] In certain embodiments, the IGR between position one and
position two can be an arenavirus S segment or L segment IGR; the
IGR between position two and three can be an arenavirus S segment
or L segment IGR; and the IGR between the position five and six can
be an arenavirus S segment or L segment IGR. In a specific
embodiment, the IGR between position one and position two can be an
arenavirus L segment IGR; the IGR between position two and three
can be an arenavirus L segment IGR; and the IGR between the
position five and six can be an arenavirus S segment IGR. In
certain embodiments, other combinations are also possible.
[0222] In certain embodiments, one of skill in the art could
construct an arenavirus genome with an organization as illustrated
in Table 3A or 3B and as described herein, and then use an assay as
described in Section 4.8 to determine whether the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle is genetically stable, i.e., does not result in
a replication-competent bi-segmented viral particle as discussed
herein.
[0223] 4.2.3 Replication-Defective Tri-Segmented Arenavirus
Particle
[0224] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle in which (i) an ORF is in a position other than
the wild-type position of the ORF; and (ii) an ORF encoding GP, NP,
Z protein, or L protein has been removed or functionally
inactivated such that the resulting virus cannot produce further
infectious progeny virus particles (i.e., is replication
defective). In certain embodiments, the third arenavirus segment
can be an S segment. In other embodiments, the third arenavirus
segment can be an L segment. In more specific embodiments, the
third arenavirus segment can be engineered to carry an ORF in a
position other than the wild-type position of the ORF or the third
arenavirus segment can be the wild-type arenavirus genomic segment.
In yet more specific embodiments, the third arenavirus segment
lacks an arenavirus ORF encoding GP, NP, Z protein, or the L
protein.
[0225] In certain embodiments, a tri-segmented genomic segment
could be a S or a L segment hybrid (i.e., a genomic segment that
can be a combination of the S segment and the L segment). In other
embodiments, the hybrid segment is an S segment comprising an L
segment IGR. In another embodiment, the hybrid segment is an L
segment comprising an S segment IGR. In other embodiments, the
hybrid segment is an S segment UTR with and L segment IGR. In
another embodiment, the hybrid segment is an L segment UTR with an
S segment IGR. In specific embodiments, the hybrid segment is an S
segment 5' UTR with an L segment IGR or an S segment 3' UTR with an
L segment IGR. In other specific embodiments, the hybrid segment is
an L segment 5' UTR with an S segment IGR or an L segment 3' UTR
with an S segment IGR.
[0226] A tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprising a genetically
modified genome in which one or more ORFs has been deleted or
functionally inactivated can be produced in complementing cells
(i.e., cells that express the arenavirus ORF that has been deleted
or functionally inactivated). The genetic material of the resulting
arenavirus particle can be transferred upon infection of a host
cell into the host cell, wherein the genetic material can be
expressed and amplified. In addition, the genome of the genetically
modified arenavirus particle described herein can encode a
heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus
particle.
[0227] In certain embodiments, at least one of the four ORFs
encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein is removed and replaced
with a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus.
In another embodiment, at least one ORF, at least two ORFs, at
least three ORFs, or at least four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein
and L protein can be removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF
from an organism other than an arenavirus. In specific embodiments,
only one of the four ORFs encoding GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein
is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an organism
other than an arenavirus particle. In more specific embodiments,
the ORF that encodes GP of the arenavirus genomic segment is
removed. In another specific embodiment, the ORF that encodes the
NP of the arenavirus genomic segment is removed. In more specific
embodiments, the ORF that encodes the Z protein of the arenavirus
genomic segment is removed. In yet another specific embodiment, the
ORF encoding the L protein is removed.
[0228] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising one L segment and two S segments in
which (i) an ORF is in a position other than the wild-type position
of the ORF; and (ii) an ORF encoding GP or NP has been removed or
functionally inactivated, such that the resulting virus is
replication-defective and not infectious. In a specific embodiment,
one ORF is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus. In another specific embodiment,
two ORFs are removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus. In other specific embodiments,
three ORFs are removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus. In specific embodiments, the ORF
encoding GP is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus. In other specific embodiments,
the ORF encoding NP is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF
from an organism other than an arenavirus. In yet more specific
embodiments, the ORF encoding NP and the ORF encoding GP are
removed and replaced with one or two heterologous ORFs from an
organism other than an arenavirus particle. Thus, in certain
embodiments the tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprises (i) one
L segment and two S segments; (ii) an ORF in a position other than
the wild-type position of the ORF; (iii) one or more heterologous
ORFs from an organism other than an arenavirus.
[0229] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprising two L segments and one S segment in
which (i) an ORF is in a position other than the wild-type position
of the ORF; and (ii) an ORF encoding the Z protein, and/or the L
protein has been removed or functionally inactivated, such that the
resulting virus replication-defective and not infectious. In a
specific embodiment, one ORF is removed and replaced with a
heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus. In
another specific embodiment, two ORFs are removed and replaced with
a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus. In
specific embodiments, the ORF encoding the Z protein is removed and
replaced with a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an
arenavirus. In other specific embodiments, the ORF encoding the L
protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus. In yet more specific
embodiments, the ORF encoding the Z protein and the ORF encoding
the L protein is removed and replaced with a heterologous ORF from
an organism other than an arenavirus particle. Thus, in certain
embodiments the tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprises (i) two
L segments and one S segment; (ii) an ORF in a position other than
the wild-type position of the ORF; (iii) a heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus.
[0230] Thus, in certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle provided herein comprises a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle (i.e., one L segment and two S segments or two L segments
and one S segment) that i) is engineered to carry an ORF in a
non-natural position; ii) an ORF encoding GP, NP, Z protein, or L
protein is removed); iii) the ORF that is removed is replaced with
one or more heterologous ORFs from an organism other than an
arenavirus.
[0231] In certain embodiments, the heterologous ORF is 8 to 100
nucleotides in length, 15 to 100 nucleotides in length, 25 to 100
nucleotides in length, 50 to 200 nucleotide in length, 50 to 400
nucleotide in length, 200 to 500 nucleotide in length, or 400 to
600 nucleotides in length, 500 to 800 nucleotide in length. In
other embodiments, the heterologous ORF is 750 to 900 nucleotides
in length, 800 to 100 nucleotides in length, 850 to 1000
nucleotides in length, 900 to 1200 nucleotides in length, 1000 to
1200 nucleotides in length, 1000 to 1500 nucleotides or 10 to 1500
nucleotides in length, 1500 to 2000 nucleotides in length, 1700 to
2000 nucleotides in length, 2000 to 2300 nucleotides in length,
2200 to 2500 nucleotides in length, 2500 to 3000 nucleotides in
length, 3000 to 3200 nucleotides in length, 3000 to 3500
nucleotides in length, 3200 to 3600 nucleotides in length, 3300 to
3800 nucleotides in length, 4000 nucleotides to 4400 nucleotides in
length, 4200 to 4700 nucleotides in length, 4800 to 5000
nucleotides in length, 5000 to 5200 nucleotides in length, 5200 to
5500 nucleotides in length, 5500 to 5800 nucleotides in length,
5800 to 6000 nucleotides in length, 6000 to 6400 nucleotides in
length, 6200 to 6800 nucleotides in length, 6600 to 7000
nucleotides in length, 7000 to 7200 nucleotides in lengths, 7200 to
7500 nucleotides in length, or 7500 nucleotides in length. In some
embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a peptide or polypeptide
that is 5 to 10 amino acids in length, 10 to 25 amino acids in
length, 25 to 50 amino acids in length, 50 to 100 amino acids in
length, 100 to 150 amino acids in length, 150 to 200 amino acids in
length, 200 to 250 amino acids in length, 250 to 300 amino acids in
length, 300 to 400 amino acids in length, 400 to 500 amino acids in
length, 500 to 750 amino acids in length, 750 to 1000 amino acids
in length, 1000 to 1250 amino acids in length, 1250 to 1500 amino
acids in length, 1500 to 1750 amino acids in length, 1750 to 2000
amino acids in length, 2000 to 2500 amino acids in length, or more
than 2500 or more amino acids in length. In some embodiments, the
heterologous ORF encodes a polypeptide that does not exceed 2500
amino acids in length. In specific embodiments the heterologous ORF
does not contain a stop codon. In certain embodiments, the
heterologous ORF is codon-optimized. In certain embodiments the
nucleotide composition, nucleotide pair composition or both can be
optimized. Techniques for such optimizations are known in the art
and can be applied to optimize a heterologous ORF.
[0232] Any heterologous ORF from an organism other than an
arenavirus may be included in the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle. In one embodiment, the heterologous ORF encodes a
reporter protein. More detailed description of reporter proteins
are described in Section 4.3. In another embodiment, the
heterologous ORF encodes an antigen for an infectious pathogen or
an antigen associated with any disease and where the antigen is
capable of eliciting an immune response. In specific embodiments
the antigen is derived from an infectious organism, a tumor (i.e.,
cancer), or an allergen. More detailed description on heterologous
ORFs is described in Section 4.3
[0233] In certain embodiments, the growth and infectivity of the
arenavirus particle is not affected by the heterologous ORF from an
organism other than an arenavirus.
[0234] Techniques known to one skilled in the art may be used to
produce an arenavirus particle comprising an arenavirus genomic
segment engineered to carry an arenavirus ORF in a position other
than the wild-type position. For example, reverse genetics
techniques may be used to generate such arenavirus particle. In
other embodiments, the replication-defective arenavirus particle
(i.e., the arenavirus genomic segment engineered to carry an
arenavirus ORF in a position other than the wild-type position,
wherein an ORF encoding GP, NP, Z protein, L protein, has been
deleted) can be produced in a complementing cell.
[0235] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle using according to the present application can be Old
World viruses, for example, LCMV.
[0236] In certain embodiments, the present application relates to
the arenavirus particle as described herein suitable for use as a
vaccine and methods of using such arenavirus particle in a
vaccination and treatment or prevention of, for example, infections
and cancers. More detailed description of the methods of using the
arenavirus particle described herein is provided in Section
4.6.
[0237] In certain embodiments, the present application relates to
the arenavirus particle as described herein suitable for use as a
pharmaceutical composition and methods of using such arenavirus
particle in a vaccination and treatment or prevention of, for
example, infections or cancers. More detailed description of the
methods of using the arenavirus particle described herein is
provided in Section 4.6.
[0238] 4.3 Arenavirus Particle or Tri-Segmented Arenavirus Particle
Expressing a Heterologous ORF
[0239] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, and
the respective arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle can comprise a heterologous ORF. In other embodiments, the
arenavirus genomic segment and the respective arenavirus particle
or tri-segmented arenavirus particle can comprise a gene of
interest. In more specific embodiments, the heterologous ORF or the
gene of interest encodes an antigen. In more specific embodiments,
the heterologous ORF or the gene or interest encodes a reporter
protein or a fluorescent protein.
[0240] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle can
comprise one or more heterologous ORFs or one or more genes of
interest. In other embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle can
comprise at least one heterologous ORF, at least two heterologous
ORFs, at least three heterologous ORFs, or more heterologous ORFs.
In other embodiments, the arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle comprises at least one gene of interest, at
least two genes of interest, at least three genes of interest, or
more genes of interest.
[0241] A wide variety of antigens may be expressed by the
arenavirus genomic segment, arenavirus particle or the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle of the present application. In
one embodiment, the heterologous ORF encodes an antigen of an
infectious pathogen or an antigen associated with any disease that
is capable of eliciting an immune response. In certain embodiments,
the heterologous ORF can encode an antigen derived from a virus, a
bacterium, a fungus, a parasite, or can be expressed in a tumor or
tumor associated disease (i.e., cancer), an autoimmune disease, a
degenerative disease, an inherited disease, substance dependency,
obesity, or an allergic disease.
[0242] In some embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a viral
antigen. Non-limiting examples of viral antigens include antigens
from adenoviridae (e.g., mastadenovirus and aviadenovirus),
herpesviridae (e.g., herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus
2, herpes simplex virus 5, herpes simplex virus 6, Epstein-Barr
virus, HHV6-HHV8 and cytomegalovirus), leviviridae (e.g.,
levivirus, enterobacteria phase MS2, allolevirus), poxyiridae
(e.g., chordopoxyirinae, parapoxvirus, avipoxvirus, capripoxvirus,
leporiipoxvirus, suipoxvirus, molluscipoxvirus, and
entomopoxyirinae), papovaviridae (e.g., polyomavirus and
papillomavirus), paramyxoviridae (e.g., paramyxovirus,
parainfluenza virus 1, mobillivirus (e.g., measles virus),
rubulavirus (e.g., mumps virus), pneumonovirinae (e.g.,
pneumovirus, human respiratory syncytial virus), human respiratory
syncytial virus and metapneumovirus (e.g., avian pneumovirus and
human metapneumovirus), picornaviridae (e.g., enterovirus,
rhinovirus, hepatovirus (e.g., human hepatitis A virus),
cardiovirus, and apthovirus), reoviridae (e.g., orthoreovirus,
orbivirus, rotavirus, cypovirus, fijivirus, phytoreovirus, and
oryzavirus), retroviridae (e.g., mammalian type B retroviruses,
mammalian type C retroviruses, avian type C retroviruses, type D
retrovirus group, BLV-HTLV retroviruses, lentivirus (e.g. human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and HIV-2 (e.g., HIV gp160),
spumavirus), flaviviridae (e.g., hepatitis C virus, dengue virus,
West Nile virus), hepadnaviridae (e.g., hepatitis B virus),
togaviridae (e.g., alphavirus (e.g., sindbis virus) and rubivirus
(e.g., rubella virus)), rhabdoviridae (e.g., vesiculovirus,
lyssavirus, ephemerovirus, cytorhabdovirus, and necleorhabdovirus),
arenaviridae (e.g., arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus,
Ippy virus, and lassa virus), and coronaviridae (e.g., coronavirus
and torovirus). In a specific embodiment the viral antigen, is HIV
gp120, gp41, HIV Nef, RSV F glycoprotein, RSV G glycoprotein, HTLV
tax, herpes simplex virus glycoprotein (e.g., gB, gC, gD, and gE)
or hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus E protein or
coronavirus spike protein. In one embodiment, the viral antigen is
not an HIV antigen.
[0243] In other embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a
bacterial antigen (e.g., bacterial coat protein). In other
embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes parasitic antigen (e.g.,
a protozoan antigen). In yet other embodiments, a heterologous
nucleotide sequence encodes a fungal antigen.
[0244] Non-limiting examples of bacterial antigens include antigens
from bacteria of the Aquaspirillum family, Azospirillum family,
Azotobacteraceae family, Bacteroidaceae family, Bartonella species,
Bdellovibrio family, Campylobacter species, Chlamydia species
(e.g., Chlamydia pneumoniae), clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae
family (e.g., Citrobacter species, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter
aerogenes, Envinia species, Escherichia coli, Hafnia species,
Klebsiella species, Morganella species, Proteus vulgaris,
Providencia, Salmonella species, Serratia marcescens, and Shigella
flexneri), Gardinella family, Haemophilus influenzae,
Halobacteriaceae family, Helicobacter family, Legionallaceae
family, Listeria species, Methylococcaceae family, mycobacteria
(e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis), Neisseriaceae family,
Oceanospirillum family, Pasteurellaceae family, Pneumococcus
species, Pseudomonas species, Rhizobiaceae family, Spirillum
family, Spirosomaceae family, Staphylococcus (e.g., methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pyrogenes),
Streptococcus (e.g., Streptococcus enteritidis, Streptococcus
fasciae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae), Vampirovibr Helicobacter
family, Yersinia family, Bacillus antracis and Vampirovibrio
family.
[0245] Non-limiting examples of parasite antigens include antigens
from a parasite such as an amoeba, a malarial parasite, Plasmodium,
Trypanosoma cruzi. Non-limiting examples of fungal antigens include
antigens from fungus of Absidia species (e.g., Absidia corymbifera
and Absidia ramosa), Aspergillus species, (e.g., Aspergillus
flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus
niger, and Aspergillus terreus), Basidiobolus ranarum, Blastomyces
dermatitidis, Candida species (e.g., Candida albicans, Candida
glabrata, Candida kern, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis,
Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida quillermondii, Candida rugosa,
Candida stellatoidea, and Candida tropicalis), Coccidioides
immitis, Conidiobolus species, Cryptococcus neoforms,
Cunninghamella species, dermatophytes, Histoplasma capsulatum,
Microsporum gypseum, Mucor pusillus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,
Pseudallescheria boydii, Rhinosporidium seeberi, Pneumocystis
carinii, Rhizopus species (e.g., Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus
oryzae, and Rhizopus microsporus), Saccharomyces species,
Sporothrix schenckii, zygomycetes, and classes such as Zygomycetes,
Ascomycetes, the Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Oomycetes.
[0246] In some embodiments, a heterologous ORF encodes a tumor
antigen or tumor associated antigen. In some embodiments, the tumor
antigen or tumor associated antigen includes antigens from tumor
associated diseases including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute
myeloid leukemia, adrenocortical carcinoma, childhood
adrenocortical carcinoma, AIDS-Related Cancers, Kaposi Sarcoma,
anal cancer, appendix cancer, astrocytomas, atypical
teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, basal-cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer,
extrahepatic (see cholangiocarcinoma), bladder cancer, bone
osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous histiocytoma, brainstem glioma,
brain cancer, brain tumor, cerebellar astrocytoma, cerebral
astrocytoma/malignant glioma brain tumor, ependymoma,
medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors,
visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma, breast cancer, bronchial
adenomas/carcinoids, burkitt's lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, carcinoid
gastrointestinal tumor, carcinoma of unknown primary, central
nervous system lymphoma, primary, cerebellar astrocytoma, cerebral
astrocytoma/malignant glioma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers,
chronic bronchitis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic
myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, colon
cancer, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, desmoplastic small round cell
tumor, emphysema, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal
cancer, ewing's sarcoma in the Ewing family of tumors, extracranial
germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, extrahepatic bile
duct cancer, intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma, gallbladder
cancer, gastric (stomach) cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor,
gastrointestinal stromal tumor, germ cell tumor: extracranial,
extragonadal, or ovarian gestational trophoblastic tumor, glioma of
the brain stem, glioma, childhood cerebral astrocytoma, childhood
visual pathway and hypothalamic, gastric carcinoid, hairy cell
leukemia, head and neck cancer, heart cancer, hepatocellular
(liver) cancer, hodgkin lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer,
hypothalamic and visual pathway glioma, intraocular melanoma, islet
cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas), kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer
(renal cell cancer), laryngeal cancer, acute lymphoblastic
lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, lip and
oral cavity cancer, liposarcoma, liver cancer (primary), lung
cancer, non-small cell, small cell, AIDS-related lymphoma, Burkitt
lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, hodgkin lymphoma, non-hodgkin
lymphoma, lymphoma, primary central nervous system,
macroglobulinemia, Waldenstrom, male breast cancer, malignant
fibrous histiocytoma of bone/osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma,
melanoma, intraocular (eye), merkel cell cancer, mesothelioma,
adult malignant, mesothelioma, metastatic squamous neck cancer with
occult primary, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia
syndrome, multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides,
myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative
diseases, myelogenous leukemia, chronic, myeloid leukemia, adult
acute, myeloid leukemia, childhood acute, myeloma, multiple (cancer
of the bone-marrow), myeloproliferative disorders, chronic, nasal
cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, oligodendroglioma, oral
cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, osteosarcoma/malignant fibrous
histiocytoma of bone, ovarian cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer
(surface epithelial-stromal tumor), ovarian germ cell tumor,
ovarian low malignant potential tumor, pancreatic cancer, islet
cell, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer,
penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pineal
astrocytoma, pineal germinoma, pineoblastoma and supratentorial
primitive neuroectodermal tumors, pituitary adenoma, plasma cell
neoplasia/multiple myeloma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary
central nervous system lymphoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer,
renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), renal pelvis and ureter,
transitional cell cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma,
childhood, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma, Ewing family of tumors,
Kaposi sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, uterine sarcoma, sezary
syndrome, skin cancer (non-melanoma), skin cancer (melanoma),
merkel cell skin carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, small intestine
cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma--see skin
cancer (non-melanoma), squamous neck cancer with occult primary,
metastatic, stomach cancer, supratentorial primitive
neuroectodermal tumor, T-Cell lymphoma, cutaneous--see Mycosis
Fungoides and Sezary syndrome, testicular cancer, throat cancer,
thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, childhood
transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter,
gestational trophoblastic tumor, unknown primary site, carcinoma
of, adult unknown primary site, cancer of childhood, ureter and
renal pelvis, transitional cell cancer, rethral cancer, uterine
cancer, endometrial uterine sarcoma, bronchial tumor, central
nervous system embryonal tumor; childhood chordoma, colorectal
cancer, craniopharyngioma, ependymoblastoma, langerhans cell
histiocytosis, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia
(adult/childhood), small cell lung cancer, medulloepithelioma, oral
cavity cancer, papillomatosis, pineal parenchymal tumors of
intermediate differentiation, pituary tumor, respiratory tract
carcinoma involving the NUT gene on chromosome 15, spinal cord
tumor, thymoma, thyroid cancer, vaginal Cancer; vulvar Cancer, and
Wilms Tumor.
[0247] Non-limiting examples of tumor or tumor associated antigens
include Adipophilin, AIM-2, ALDH1A1, BCLX (L), BING-4, CALCA, CD45,
CPSF, cyclin D1, DKK1, ENAH (hMena), EpCAM, EphA3, EZH2, FGF5,
glypican-3, G250/MN/CAIX, HER-2/neu, IDO1, IGF2B3, IL13Ralpha2,
Intestinal carboxyl esterase, alpha-fetoprotein, Kallikrein 4,
KIF20A, Lengsin, M-CSF, MCSP, mdm-2, Meloe, MMP-2, MMP-7, MUC1,
MUC5AC, p53, PAX5, PBF, PRAME, PSMA, RAGE-1, RGS5, RhoC, RNF43,
RU2AS, secernin 1, SOX10, STEAP1, survivinn, Telomerase, VEGF, or
WT1, EGF-R, CEA, CD52, gp 100 protein, MELANA/MART1, NY-ESO-1, p53
MAGE1, MAGE3 and CDK4, alpha-actinin-4, ARTC1, BCR-ABL fusion
protein (b3a2), B-RAF, CASP-5, CASP-8, beta-catenin, Cdc27, CDK4,
CDKN2A, CLPP, COA-1, dek-can fusion protein, EFTUD2, Elongation
factor 2, ETV6-AML1 fusion protein, FLT3-ITD, FN1, GPNMB,
LDLR-fucosyltransferaseAS fusion protein, NFYC, OGT, OS-9,
pml-RARalpha fusion protein, PRDXS, PTPRK, K-ras, N-ras, RBAF600,
SIRT2, SNRPD1, SYT-SSX1 or -SSX2 fusion protein, TGF-betaRII,
Triosephosphate isomerase, Lengsin, M-CSF, MCSP, or mdm-2.
[0248] In some embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a
respiratory pathogen antigen. In a specific embodiment, the
respiratory pathogen is a virus such as RSV, coronavirus, human
metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, hendra virus, nipah virus,
adenovirus, rhinovirus, or PRRSV. Non-limiting examples of
respiratory viral antigens include Respiratory Syncytial virus F, G
and M2 proteins, Coronavirus (SARS, HuCoV) spike proteins (S),
human metapneumovirus fusion proteins, Parainfluenza virus fusion
and hemagglutinin proteins (F, HN), Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah
virus (NiV) attachment glycoproteins (G and F), Adenovirus capsid
proteins, Rhinovirus proteins, and PRRSV wild type or modified GP5
and M proteins.
[0249] In a specific embodiment, the respiratory pathogen is a
bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Yersinia pestis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Francisella tularensis, Legionella
pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Neisseria meningitides, and Haemophilus influenzae. Non-limiting
examples of respiratory bacterial antigens include Bacillus
anthracis Protective antigen PA, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
mycobacterial antigen 85A and heat shock protein (Hsp65),
Bordetella pertussis pertussis toxoid (PT) and filamentous
hemagglutinin (FHA), Streptococcus pneumoniae sortase A and surface
adhesin A (PsaA), Yersinia pestis F1 and V subunits, and proteins
from Staphylococcus aureus, Francisella tularensis, Legionella
pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Neisseria meningitides, and Haemophilus influenzae.
[0250] In some embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a T-cell
epitope. In other embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes a
cytokine or growth factor.
[0251] In other embodiments, the heterologous ORF encodes an
antigen expressed in an autoimmune disease. In more specific
embodiments, the autoimmune disease can be type I diabetes,
multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythmatosus, and
psoriasis. Non-limiting examples of autoimmune disease antigens
include Ro60, dsDNA, or RNP.
[0252] In other embodiments, ORF encodes an antigen expressed in an
allergic disease. In more specific embodiments, the allergic
disease can include but is not limited to seasonal and perennial
rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and eczema. Non-limiting examples of
allergy antigens include Bet v 1 and Fel d 1.
[0253] In other embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
further comprises a reporter protein. The reporter protein is
capable of expression at the same time as the antigen described
herein. Ideally, expression is visible in normal light or other
wavelengths of light. In certain embodiments, the intensity of the
effect created by the reporter protein can be used to directly
measure and monitor the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle.
[0254] Reporter genes would be readily recognized by one of skill
in the art. In certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle is a
fluorescent protein. In other embodiments, the reporter gene is
GFP. GFP emits bright green light when exposed to UV or blue
like.
[0255] Non-limiting examples of reporter proteins include various
enzymes, such as, but not to .beta.-galactosidase, chloramphenicol
acetyltransferase, neomycin phosphotransferase, luciferase or
RFP.
[0256] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing a heterologous ORF has desirable properties for use as a
vector for vaccination (see e.g., Section 4.6). In another
embodiment, the arenavirus genomic segment, the arenavirus particle
or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing a heterologous
ORF is capable of inducing an immune response in a host (e.g.,
mouse rabbit, goat, donkey, human). In other embodiments, the
arenavirus genomic segment, the arenavirus particle or the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing a heterologous ORF
described herein induces an innate immune response. In other
embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the arenavirus
particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing a
heterologous ORF induces an adaptive immune response. In more
specific embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing a heterologous ORF both an innate and adaptive immune
response.
[0257] In another embodiment, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing a heterologous ORF induces a T cell response. In yet
more specific embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing
a heterologous ORF induces a CD8+ T cell response. In other
embodiments, the arenavirus particle carrying a foreign gene of
interest induces a potent CD8+ T cell response of high frequency
and functionality. In other embodiments, the arenavirus genomic
segment, the arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism,
a cancer, or an allergen induces CD8+ T cells specific to one or
multiple epitopes of the corresponding foreign gene of
interest.
[0258] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing a heterologous ORF can induce T helper 1
differentiation, memory formation of CD4+ T cells and/or elicit
durable antibody responses. These antibodies can be neutralizing,
opsonizing, toxic to tumor cells or have other favorable biological
features. In other embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing
a heterologous ORF has a strong tropism for dendritic cells and
activates them upon infection. This potentiates presentation of the
antigen by antigen presenting cells.
[0259] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segment, the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergen induces low or undetectable neutralizing
antibody titers against LCMV and high protective neutralizing
antibody responses to the respective foreign transgene. In some
embodiments, the arenavirus backbone forming the particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen has low
capacity for inducing immunity to the arenaviral backbone
components.
[0260] 4.4 Generation of an Arenavirus Particle and a Tri-Segmented
Arenavirus Particle
[0261] Generally, arenavirus particles can be recombinantly
produced by standard reverse genetic techniques as described for
LCMV (see Flatz et al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:4663-4668;
Sanchez et al., 2006, Virology 350:370; Ortiz-Riano et al., 2013, J
Gen Virol. 94:1175-88, which are incorporated by reference herein).
To generate the arenavirus particles provided herein, these
techniques can be applied as described below. The genome of the
viruses can be modified as described in Section 4.1 and Section
4.2, respectively.
[0262] 4.4.1 Non-Natural Position Open Reading Frame
[0263] The generation of an arenavirus particle comprising a
genomic segment that has been engineered to carry a viral ORF in a
position other than the wild-type position of the ORF can be
recombinantly produced by any reverse genetic techniques known to
one skilled in the art.
[0264] (i) Infectious and Replication Competent Arenavirus
Particle
[0265] In certain embodiments, the method of generating the
arenavirus particle comprises (i) transfecting into a host cell the
cDNA of the first arenavirus genomic segment; (ii) transfecting
into a host cell the cDNA of the second arenavirus genomic segment;
(iii) transfecting into a host cell plasmids expressing the
arenavirus' minimal trans-acting factors NP and L; (iv) maintaining
the host cell under conditions suitable for virus formation; and
(v) harvesting the arenavirus particle. In certain more specific
embodiments, the cDNA is comprised in a plasmid.
[0266] Once generated from cDNA, arenavirus particles (i.e.,
infectious and replication competent) can be propagated. In certain
embodiments, the arenavirus particle can be propagated in any host
cell that allows the virus to grow to titers that permit the uses
of the virus as described herein. In one embodiment, the host cell
allows the arenavirus particle to grow to titers comparable to
those determined for the corresponding wild-type.
[0267] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle may be
propagated in host cells. Specific examples of host cells that can
be used include BHK-21, HEK 293, VERO or other. In a specific
embodiment, the arenavirus particle may be propagated in a cell
line.
[0268] In certain embodiments, the host cells are kept in culture
and are transfected with one or more plasmid(s). The plasmid(s)
express the arenavirus genomic segment(s) to be generated under
control of one or more expression cassettes suitable for expression
in mammalian cells, e.g., consisting of a polymerase I promoter and
terminator.
[0269] Plasmids that can be used for the generation of the
arenavirus particle can include: i) a plasmid encoding the S
genomic segment e.g., pol-I S, ii) a plasmid encoding the L genomic
segment e.g., pol-I L. In certain embodiments, the plasmid encoding
an arenavirus polymerase that direct intracellular synthesis of the
viral L and S segments can be incorporated into the transfection
mixture. For example, a plasmid encoding the L protein and/or a
plasmid encoding NP (pC-L and pC-NP, respectively) can be present.
The L protein and NP are the minimal trans-acting factors necessary
for viral RNA transcription and replication. Alternatively,
intracellular synthesis of viral L and S segments, together with NP
and L protein can be performed using an expression cassette with
pol-I and pol-II promoters reading from opposite sides into the L
and S segment cDNAs of two separate plasmids, respectively.
[0270] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus genomic segments are
under the control of a promoter. Typically, RNA polymerase I-driven
expression cassettes, RNA polymerase II-driven cassettes or T7
bacteriophage RNA polymerase driven cassettes can be used. In
certain embodiments, the plasmid(s) encoding the arenavirus genomic
segments can be the same, i.e., the genome sequence and transacting
factors can be transcribed by a promoter from one plasmid. Specific
examples of promoters include an RNA polymerase I promoter, an RNA
polymerase II promoter, an RNA polymerase III promoter, a T7
promoter, an SP6 promoter or a T3 promoter.
[0271] In addition, the plasmid(s) can feature a mammalian
selection marker, e.g., puromycin resistance, under control of an
expression cassette suitable for gene expression in mammalian
cells, e.g., polymerase II expression cassette as above, or the
viral gene transcript(s) are followed by an internal ribosome entry
site, such as the one of encephalomyocarditis virus, followed by
the mammalian resistance marker. For production in E. coli, the
plasmid additionally features a bacterial selection marker, such as
an ampicillin resistance cassette.
[0272] Transfection of a host cell with a plasmid(s) can be
performed using any of the commonly used strategies such as
calcium-phosphate, liposome-based protocols or electroporation. A
few days later the suitable selection agent, e.g., puromycin, is
added in titrated concentrations. Surviving clones are isolated and
subcloned following standard procedures, and high-expressing clones
are identified using Western blot or flow cytometry procedures with
antibodies directed against the viral protein(s) of interest.
[0273] For recovering the arenavirus particle described herein, the
following procedures are envisaged. First day: cells, typically 80%
confluent in M6-well plates, are transfected with a mixture of the
plasmids, as described above. For this one can exploit any commonly
used strategies such as calcium-phosphate, liposome-based protocols
or electroporation.
[0274] 3-5 days later: The cultured supernatant (arenavirus vector
preparation) is harvested, aliquoted and stored at 4.degree. C.,
-20.degree. C., or -80.degree. C., depending on how long the
arenavirus vector should be stored prior use. The arenavirus vector
preparation's infectious titer is assessed by an immunofocus assay.
Alternatively, the transfected cells and supernatant may be
passaged to a larger vessel (e.g., a T75 tissue culture flask) on
day 3-5 after transfection, and culture supernatant is harvested up
to five days after passage.
[0275] The present application furthermore relates to expression of
a heterologous ORF, wherein a plasmid encoding the genomic segment
is modified to incorporated a heterologous ORF. The heterologous
ORF can be incorporated into the plasmid using restriction
enzymes.
[0276] (ii) Infectious, Replication-Defective Arenavirus
Particle
[0277] Infectious, replication-defective arenavirus particles can
be rescued as described above. However, once generated from cDNA,
the infectious, replication-deficient arenaviruses provided herein
can be propagated in complementing cells. Complementing cells are
cells that provide the functionality that has been eliminated from
the replication-deficient arenavirus by modification of its genome
(e.g., if the ORF encoding the GP protein is deleted or
functionally inactivated, a complementing cell does provide the GP
protein).
[0278] Owing to the removal or functional inactivation of one or
more of the ORFs in arenavirus vectors (here deletion of the
glycoprotein, GP, will be taken as an example), arenavirus vectors
can be generated and expanded in cells providing in trans the
deleted viral gene(s), e.g., the GP in the present example. Such a
complementing cell line, henceforth referred to as C-cells, is
generated by transfecting a cell line such as BHK-21, HEK 293, VERO
or other with one or more plasmid(s) for expression of the viral
gene(s) of interest (complementation plasmid, referred to as
C-plasmid). The C-plasmid(s) express the viral gene(s) deleted in
the arenavirus vector to be generated under control of one or more
expression cassettes suitable for expression in mammalian cells,
e.g., a mammalian polymerase II promoter such as the EF1alpha
promoter with a polyadenylation signal. In addition, the
complementation plasmid features a mammalian selection marker,
e.g., puromycin resistance, under control of an expression cassette
suitable for gene expression in mammalian cells, e.g., polymerase
II expression cassette as above, or the viral gene transcript(s)
are followed by an internal ribosome entry site, such as the one of
encephalomyocarditis virus, followed by the mammalian resistance
marker. For production in E. coli, the plasmid additionally
features a bacterial selection marker, such as an ampicillin
resistance cassette.
[0279] Cells that can be used, e.g., BHK-21, HEK 293, MC57G or
other, are kept in culture and are transfected with the
complementation plasmid(s) using any of the commonly used
strategies such as calcium-phosphate, liposome-based protocols or
electroporation. A few days later the suitable selection agent,
e.g., puromycin, is added in titrated concentrations. Surviving
clones are isolated and subcloned following standard procedures,
and high-expressing C-cell clones are identified using Western blot
or flow cytometry procedures with antibodies directed against the
viral protein(s) of interest. As an alternative to the use of
stably transfected C-cells transient transfection of normal cells
can complement the missing viral gene(s) in each of the steps where
C-cells will be used below. In addition, a helper virus can be used
to provide the missing functionality in trans.
[0280] Plasmids can be of two types: i) two plasmids, referred to
as TF-plasmids for expressing intracellularly in C-cells the
minimal transacting factors of the arenavirus, is derived from
e.g., NP and L proteins of LCMV in the present example; and ii)
plasmids, referred to as GS-plasmids, for expressing
intracellularly in C-cells the arenavirus vector genome segments,
e.g., the segments with designed modifications. TF-plasmids express
the NP and L proteins of the respective arenavirus vector under
control of an expression cassette suitable for protein expression
in mammalian cells, typically e.g., a mammalian polymerase II
promoter such as the CMV or EF1alpha promoter, either one of them
preferentially in combination with a polyadenylation signal.
GS-plasmids express the small (S) and the large (L) genome segments
of the vector. Typically, polymerase I-driven expression cassettes
or T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase (T7-) driven expression
cassettes can be used, the latter preferentially with a 3'-terminal
ribozyme for processing of the primary transcript to yield the
correct end. In the case of using a T7-based system, expression of
T7 in C-cells must be provided by either including in the recovery
process an additional expression plasmid, constructed analogously
to TF-plasmids, providing T7, or C-cells are constructed to
additionally express T7 in a stable manner. In certain embodiments,
TF and GS plasmids can be the same, i.e., the genome sequence and
transacting factors can be transcribed by T7, polI and polII
promoters from one plasmid.
[0281] For recovering of the arenavirus vector, the following
procedures can be used. First day: C-cells, typically 80% confluent
in M6-well plates, are transfected with a mixture of the two
TF-plasmids plus the two GS-plasmids. In certain embodiments, the
TF and GS plasmids can be the same, i.e., the genome sequence and
transacting factors can be transcribed by T7, polI and polII
promoters from one plasmid. For this one can exploit any of the
commonly used strategies such as calcium-phosphate, liposome-based
protocols or electroporation.
[0282] 3-5 days later: The culture supernatant (arenavirus vector
preparation) is harvested, aliquoted and stored at 4.degree. C.,
-20.degree. C. or -80.degree. C. depending on how long the
arenavirus vector should be stored prior to use. Then the
arenavirus vector preparation's infectious titer is assessed by an
immunofocus assay on C-cells. Alternatively, the transfected cells
and supernatant may be passaged to a larger vessel (e.g., a T75
tissue culture flask) on day 3-5 after transfection, and culture
supernatant is harvested up to five days after passage.
[0283] The invention furthermore relates to expression of a antigen
in a cell culture wherein the cell culture is infected with an
infectious, replication-deficient arenavirus expressing a antigen.
When used for expression of a antigen in cultured cells, the
following two procedures can be used:
[0284] i) The cell type of interest is infected with the arenavirus
vector preparation described herein at a multiplicity of infection
(MOI) of one or more, e.g., two, three or four, resulting in
production of the antigen in all cells already shortly after
infection.
[0285] ii) Alternatively, a lower MOI can be used and individual
cell clones can be selected for their level of virally driven
antigen expression. Subsequently individual clones can be expanded
infinitely owing to the non-cytolytic nature of arenavirus vectors.
Irrespective of the approach, the antigen can subsequently be
collected (and purified) either from the culture supernatant or
from the cells themselves, depending on the properties of the
antigen produced. However, the invention is not limited to these
two strategies, and other ways of driving expression of antigen
using infectious, replication-deficient arenaviruses as vectors may
be considered.
[0286] 4.4.2 Generation of a Tri-Segmented Arenavirus Particle
[0287] A tri-segmented arenavirus particle can be recombinantly
produced by reverse genetic techniques known in the art, for
example as described by Emonet et al., 2008, PNAS,
106(9):3473-3478; Popkin et al., 2011, J. Virol., 85
(15):7928-7932, which are incorporated by reference herein. The
generation of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle provided herein
can be modified as described in Section 4.2.
[0288] (i) Infectious and Replication Competent Tri-Segmented
Arenavirus Particle
[0289] In certain embodiments, the method of generating the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle comprises (i) transfecting into a
host cell the cDNAs of the one L segment and two S segments or two
L segments and one S segment; (ii) transfecting into a host cell
plasmids expressing the arenavirus' minimal trans-acting factors NP
and L; (iii) maintaining the host cell under conditions suitable
for virus formation; and (iv) harvesting the arenavirus
particle.
[0290] Once generated from cDNA, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle (i.e., infectious and replication competent) can be
propagated. In certain embodiments tri-segmented arenavirus
particle can be propagated in any host cell that allows the virus
to grow to titers that permit the uses of the virus as described
herein. In one embodiment, the host cell allows the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle to grow to titers comparable to those
determined for the corresponding wild-type.
[0291] In certain embodiments, the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle may be propagated in host cells. Specific examples of host
cells that can be used include BHK-21, HEK 293, VERO or other. In a
specific embodiment, the tri-segmented arenavirus particle may be
propagated in a cell line.
[0292] In certain embodiments, the host cells are kept in culture
and are transfected with one or more plasmid(s). The plasmid(s)
express the arenavirus genomic segment(s) to be generated under
control of one or more expression cassettes suitable for expression
in mammalian cells, e.g., consisting of a polymerase I promoter and
terminator.
[0293] In specific embodiments, the host cells are kept in culture
and are transfected with one or more plasmid(s). The plasmid(s)
express the viral gene(s) to be generated under control of one or
more expression cassettes suitable for expression in mammalian
cells, e.g., consisting of a polymerase I promoter and
terminator.
[0294] Plasmids that can be used for generating the tri-segmented
arenavirus comprising one L segment and two S segments can include:
i) two plasmids each encoding the S genome segment e.g., pol-I S,
ii) a plasmid encoding the L genome segment e.g., pol-I L. Plasmids
needed for the tri-segmented arenavirus comprising two L segments
and one S segments are: i) two plasmids each encoding the L genome
segment e.g., pol-L, ii) a plasmid encoding the S genome segment
e.g., pol-I S.
[0295] In certain embodiments, plasmids encoding an arenavirus
polymerase that direct intracellular synthesis of the viral L and S
segments can be incorporated into the transfection mixture. For
example, a plasmid encoding the L protein and a plasmid encoding NP
(pC-L and pC-NP, respectively). The L protein and NP are the
minimal trans-acting factors necessary for viral RNA transcription
and replication. Alternatively, intracellular synthesis of viral L
and S segments, together with NP and L protein can be performed
using an expression cassette with pol-I and pol-II promoters
reading from opposite sides into the L and S segment cDNAs of two
separate plasmids, respectively.
[0296] In addition, the plasmid(s) features a mammalian selection
marker, e.g., puromycin resistance, under control of an expression
cassette suitable for gene expression in mammalian cells, e.g.,
polymerase II expression cassette as above, or the viral gene
transcript(s) are followed by an internal ribosome entry site, such
as the one of encephalomyocarditis virus, followed by the mammalian
resistance marker. For production in E. coli, the plasmid
additionally features a bacterial selection marker, such as an
ampicillin resistance cassette.
[0297] Transfection of BHK-21 cells with a plasmid(s) can be
performed using any of the commonly used strategies such as
calcium-phosphate, liposome-based protocols or electroporation. A
few days later the suitable selection agent, e.g., puromycin, is
added in titrated concentrations. Surviving clones are isolated and
subcloned following standard procedures, and high-expressing clones
are identified using Western blot or flow cytometry procedures with
antibodies directed against the viral protein(s) of interest.
[0298] Typically, RNA polymerase I-driven expression cassettes, RNA
polymerase II-driven cassettes or T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase
driven cassettes can be used, the latter preferentially with a
3'-terminal ribozyme for processing of the primary transcript to
yield the correct end. In certain embodiments, the plasmids
encoding the arenavirus genomic segments can be the same, i.e., the
genome sequence and transacting factors can be transcribed by T7,
polI and polII promoters from one plasmid.
[0299] For recovering the arenavirus the tri-segmented arenavirus
vector, the following procedures are envisaged. First day: cells,
typically 80% confluent in M6-well plates, are transfected with a
mixture of the plasmids, as described above. For this one can
exploit any commonly used strategies such as calcium-phosphate,
liposome-based protocols or electroporation.
[0300] 3-5 days later: The cultured supernatant (arenavirus vector
preparation) is harvested, aliquoted and stored at 4.degree. C.,
-20.degree. C., or -80.degree. C., depending on how long the
arenavirus vector should be stored prior use. The arenavirus vector
preparation's infectious titer is assessed by an immunofocus assay.
Alternatively, the transfected cells and supernatant may be
passaged to a larger vessel (e.g., a T75 tissue culture flask) on
day 3-5 after transfection, and culture supernatant is harvested up
to five days after passage.
[0301] The present application furthermore relates to expression of
a heterologous ORF and/or a gene of interest, wherein a plasmid
encoding the genomic segment is modified to incorporated a
heterologous ORF and/or a gene of interest. The heterologous ORF
and/or gene of interest can be incorporated into the plasmid using
restriction enzymes.
[0302] (ii) Infectious, Replication-Defective Tri-Segmented
Arenavirus Particle
[0303] Infectious, replication-defective tri-segmented arenavirus
particles can be rescued as described above. However, once
generated from cDNA, the infectious, replication-deficient
arenaviruses provided herein can be propagated in complementing
cells. Complementing cells are cells that provide the functionality
that has been eliminated from the replication-deficient arenavirus
by modification of its genome (e.g., if the ORF encoding the GP
protein is deleted or functionally inactivated, a complementing
cell does provide the GP protein).
[0304] Owing to the removal or functional inactivation of one or
more of the ORFs in arenavirus vectors (here deletion of the
glycoprotein, GP, will be taken as an example), arenavirus vectors
can be generated and expanded in cells providing in trans the
deleted viral gene(s), e.g., the GP in the present example. Such a
complementing cell line, henceforth referred to as C-cells, is
generated by transfecting a mammalian cell line such as BHK-21, HEK
293, VERO or other (here BHK-21 will be taken as an example) with
one or more plasmid(s) for expression of the viral gene(s) of
interest (complementation plasmid, referred to as C-plasmid). The
C-plasmid(s) express the viral gene(s) deleted in the arenavirus
vector to be generated under control of one or more expression
cassettes suitable for expression in mammalian cells, e.g., a
mammalian polymerase II promoter such as the CMV or EF1alpha
promoter with a polyadenylation signal. In addition, the
complementation plasmid features a mammalian selection marker,
e.g., puromycin resistance, under control of an expression cassette
suitable for gene expression in mammalian cells, e.g., polymerase
II expression cassette as above, or the viral gene transcript(s)
are followed by an internal ribosome entry site, such as the one of
encephalomyocarditis virus, followed by the mammalian resistance
marker. For production in E. coli, the plasmid additionally
features a bacterial selection marker, such as an ampicillin
resistance cassette.
[0305] Cells that can be used, e.g., BHK-21, HEK 293, MC57G or
other, are kept in culture and are transfected with the
complementation plasmid(s) using any of the commonly used
strategies such as calcium-phosphate, liposome-based protocols or
electroporation. A few days later the suitable selection agent,
e.g., puromycin, is added in titrated concentrations. Surviving
clones are isolated and subcloned following standard procedures,
and high-expressing C-cell clones are identified using Western blot
or flow cytometry procedures with antibodies directed against the
viral protein(s) of interest. As an alternative to the use of
stably transfected C-cells transient transfection of normal cells
can complement the missing viral gene(s) in each of the steps where
C-cells will be used below. In addition, a helper virus can be used
to provide the missing functionality in trans.
[0306] Plasmids of two types can be used: i) two plasmids, referred
to as TF-plasmids for expressing intracellularly in C-cells the
minimal transacting factors of the arenavirus, is derived from
e.g., NP and L proteins of LCMV in the present example; and ii)
plasmids, referred to as GS-plasmids, for expressing
intracellularly in C-cells the arenavirus vector genome segments,
e.g., the segments with designed modifications. TF-plasmids express
the NP and L proteins of the respective arenavirus vector under
control of an expression cassette suitable for protein expression
in mammalian cells, typically e.g., a mammalian polymerase II
promoter such as the CMV or EF1alpha promoter, either one of them
preferentially in combination with a polyadenylation signal.
GS-plasmids express the small (S) and the large (L) genome segments
of the vector. Typically, polymerase I-driven expression cassettes
or T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase (T7-) driven expression
cassettes can be used, the latter preferentially with a 3'-terminal
ribozyme for processing of the primary transcript to yield the
correct end. In the case of using a T7-based system, expression of
T7 in C-cells must be provided by either including in the recovery
process an additional expression plasmid, constructed analogously
to TF-plasmids, providing T7, or C-cells are constructed to
additionally express T7 in a stable manner. In certain embodiments,
TF and GS plasmids can be the same, i.e., the genome sequence and
transacting factors can be transcribed by T7, polI and polII
promoters from one plasmid.
[0307] For recovering of the arenavirus vector, the following
procedures can be used. First day: C-cells, typically 80% confluent
in M6-well plates, are transfected with a mixture of the two
TF-plasmids plus the two GS-plasmids. In certain embodiments, the
TF and GS plasmids can be the same, i.e., the genome sequence and
transacting factors can be transcribed by T7, polI and polII
promoters from one plasmid. For this one can exploit any of the
commonly used strategies such as calcium-phosphate, liposome-based
protocols or electroporation.
[0308] 3-5 days later: The culture supernatant (arenavirus vector
preparation) is harvested, aliquoted and stored at 4.degree. C.,
-20.degree. C. or -80.degree. C. depending on how long the
arenavirus vector should be stored prior to use. Then the
arenavirus vector preparation's infectious titer is assessed by an
immunofocus assay on C-cells. Alternatively, the transfected cells
and supernatant may be passaged to a larger vessel (e.g., a T75
tissue culture flask) on day 3-5 after transfection, and culture
supernatant is harvested up to five days after passage.
[0309] The invention furthermore relates to expression of an
antigen in a cell culture wherein the cell culture is infected with
an infectious, replication-deficient tri-segmented arenavirus
expressing a antigen. When used for expression of a CMV antigen in
cultured cells, the following two procedures can be used:
[0310] i) The cell type of interest is infected with the arenavirus
vector preparation described herein at a multiplicity of infection
(MOI) of one or more, e.g., two, three or four, resulting in
production of the antigen in all cells already shortly after
infection.
[0311] ii) Alternatively, a lower MOI can be used and individual
cell clones can be selected for their level of virally driven
antigen expression. Subsequently individual clones can be expanded
infinitely owing to the non-cytolytic nature of arenavirus vectors.
Irrespective of the approach, the antigen can subsequently be
collected (and purified) either from the culture supernatant or
from the cells themselves, depending on the properties of the
antigen produced. However, the invention is not limited to these
two strategies, and other ways of driving expression of CMV antigen
using infectious, replication-deficient arenaviruses as vectors may
be considered.
[0312] 4.5 Nucleic Acids, Vector Systems and Cell Lines
[0313] In certain embodiments, provided herein are cDNAs comprising
or consisting of the arenavirus genomic segment or the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle as described in Section 4.1 and
Section 4.2, respectively.
[0314] 4.5.1 Non-natural Position Open Reading Frame
[0315] In one embodiment, provided herein are nucleic acids that
encode an arenavirus genomic segment as described in Section 4.1.
In more specific embodiments, provided herein is a DNA nucleotide
sequence or a set of DNA nucleotide sequences as set forth in Table
1. Host cells that comprise such nucleic acids are also provided
Section 4.1.
[0316] In specific embodiments, provided herein is a cDNA of the
arenavirus genomic segment engineered to carry an ORF in a position
other than the wild-type position of the ORF, wherein the
arenavirus genomic segment encodes a heterologous ORF as described
in Section 4.1.
[0317] In one embodiment, provided herein is a DNA expression
vector system that encodes the arenavirus genomic segment
engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than the wild-type
position of the ORF. Specifically, provided herein is a DNA
expression vector system wherein one or more vectors encodes two
arenavirus genomic segments, namely, an L segment and an S segment,
of an arenavirus particle described herein. Such a vector system
can encode (one or more separate DNA molecules).
[0318] In another embodiment, provided herein is a cDNA of the
arenavirus S segment that has been engineered to carry an ORF in a
position other than the wild-type position is part of or
incorporated into a DNA expression system. In other embodiments, a
cDNA of the arenavirus L segment that has been engineered to carry
an ORF in a position other than the wild-type position is part of
or incorporated into a DNA expression system. In certain
embodiments, is a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic segment that has
been engineered to carry (i) an ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF; and (ii) and ORF encoding GP, NP, Z
protein, or L protein has been removed and replaced with a
heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus.
[0319] In certain embodiments, the cDNA provided herein can be
derived from a particular strain of LCMV. Strains of LCMV include
Clone 13, MP strain, Arm CA 1371, Arm E-250, WE, UBC, Traub,
Pasteur, 810885, CH-5692, Marseille #12, HP65-2009, 200501927,
810362, 811316, 810316, 810366, 20112714, Douglas, GR01, SN05, CABN
and their derivatives. In specific embodiments, the cDNA is derived
from LCMV Clone 13. In other specific embodiments, the cDNA is
derived from LCMV MP strain.
[0320] In certain embodiments, the vector generated to encode an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as
described herein may be based on a specific strain of LCMV. Strains
of LCMV include Clone 13, MP strain, Arm CA 1371, Arm E-250, WE,
UBC, Traub, Pasteur, 810885, CH-5692, Marseille #12, HP65-2009,
200501927, 810362, 811316, 810316, 810366, 20112714, Douglas, GR01,
SN05, CABN and their derivatives. In certain embodiments, an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as
described herein may be based on LCMV Clone 13. In other
embodiments, the vector generated to encode an arenavirus particle
or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as described herein LCMV MP
strain. The sequence of the S segment of LCMV Clone 13 is listed as
SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, the sequence of the S segment
of LCMV Clone 13 is the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. The
sequence of the L segment of LCMV Clone 13 is listed as SEQ ID NO:
5. The sequence of the S segment of LCMV strain MP is listed as SEQ
ID NO: 53. The sequence of the L segment of LCMV strain MP is
listed as SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0321] In another embodiment, provided herein is a cell, wherein
the cell comprises a cDNA or a vector system described above in
this section. Cell lines derived from such cells, cultures
comprising such cells, methods of culturing such cells infected are
also provided herein. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a
cell, wherein the cell comprises a cDNA of the arenavirus genomic
segment that has been engineered to carry an ORF in a position
other than the wild-type position of the ORF. In some embodiments,
the cell comprises the S segment and/or the L segment.
[0322] 4.5.2 Tri-Segmented Arenavirus Particle
[0323] In one embodiment, provided herein are nucleic acids that
encode a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as described in Section
4.2. In more specific embodiments, provided herein is a DNA
nucleotide sequence or a set of DNA nucleotide sequences, for
example, as set forth in Table 2 or Table 3. Host cells that
comprise such nucleic acids are also provided Section 4.2.
[0324] In specific embodiments, provided herein is a cDNA
consisting of a cDNA of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle that
has been engineered to carry an ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF. In other embodiments, is a cDNA of
the tri-segmented arenavirus particle that has been engineered to
(i) carry an arenavirus ORF in a position other than the wild-type
position of the ORF; and (ii) wherein the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle encodes a heterologous ORF as described in Section
4.2.
[0325] In one embodiment, provided herein is a DNA expression
vector system that together encode the tri-segmented arenavirus
particle as described herein. Specifically, provided herein is a
DNA expression vector system wherein one or more vectors encode
three arenavirus genomic segments, namely, one L segment and two S
segments or two L segments and one S segment of a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle described herein. Such a vector system can
encode (one or more separate DNA molecules).
[0326] In another embodiment, provided herein is a cDNA of the
arenavirus S segment(s) that has been engineered to carry an ORF in
a position other than the wild-type position, and is part of or
incorporated into a DNA expression system. In other embodiments, a
cDNA of the arenavirus L segment(s) that has been engineered to
carry an ORF in a position other than the wild-type position is
part of or incorporated into a DNA expression system. In certain
embodiments, is a cDNA of the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
that has been engineered to carry (i) an ORF in a position other
than the wild-type position of the ORF; and (ii) an ORF encoding
GP, NP, Z protein, or L protein has been removed and replaced with
a heterologous ORF from an organism other than an arenavirus.
[0327] In certain embodiments, the cDNA provided herein can be
derived from a particular strain of LCMV. Strains of LCMV include
Clone 13, MP strain, Arm CA 1371, Arm E-250, WE, UBC, Traub,
Pasteur, 810885, CH-5692, Marseille #12, HP65-2009, 200501927,
810362, 811316, 810316, 810366, 20112714, Douglas, GR01, SN05, CABN
and their derivatives. In specific embodiments, the cDNA is derived
from LCMV Clone 13. In other specific embodiments, the cDNA is
derived from LCMV MP strain.
[0328] In certain embodiments, the vector generated to encode an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as
described herein may be based on a specific strain of LCMV. Strains
of LCMV include Clone 13, MP strain, Arm CA 1371, Arm E-250, WE,
UBC, Traub, Pasteur, 810885, CH-5692, Marseille #12, HP65-2009,
200501927, 810362, 811316, 810316, 810366, 20112714, Douglas, GR01,
SN05, CABN and their derivatives. In certain embodiments, an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as
described herein may be based on LCMV Clone 13. In other
embodiments, the vector generated to encode an arenavirus particle
or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle as described herein LCMV MP
strain. The sequence of the S segment of LCMV Clone 13 is listed as
SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain embodiments, the sequence of the S segment
of LCMV Clone 13 is the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. The
sequence of the L segment of LCMV Clone 13 is listed as SEQ ID NO:
5. The sequence of the S segment of LCMV strain MP is listed as SEQ
ID NO: 53. The sequence of the L segment of LCMV strain MP is
listed as SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0329] In another embodiment, provided herein is a cell, wherein
the cell comprises a cDNA or a vector system described above in
this section. Cell lines derived from such cells, cultures
comprising such cells, methods of culturing such cells infected are
also provided herein. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a
cell, wherein the cell comprises a cDNA of the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle. In some embodiments, the cell comprises the S
segment and/or the L segment.
[0330] 4.6 Methods of Use
[0331] Vaccines have been successful for preventing and/or treating
infectious diseases, such as those for polio virus and measles.
However, therapeutic immunization in the setting of established,
chronic disease, including both chronic infections and cancer has
been less successful. The ability to generate an arenavirus
particle and/or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle represents a
new novel vaccine strategy.
[0332] In one embodiment, provided herein are methods of treating
an infection and/or cancer in a subject comprising administering to
the subject one or more types of arenavirus particles or
tri-segmented arenavirus particles, as described herein or a
composition thereof. In a specific embodiment, a method for
treating an infection and/or cancer described herein comprises
administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of
one or more arenavirus particles or tri-segmented arenavirus
particles, described herein or a composition thereof. The subject
can be a mammal, such as but not limited to a human being, a mouse,
a rat, a guinea pig, a domesticated animal, such as, but not
limited to, a cow, a horse, a sheep, a pig, a goat, a cat, a dog, a
hamster, a donkey. In a specific embodiment, the subject is a
human. The human subject might be male, female, adults, children,
seniors (65 and older), and those with multiple diseases (i.e., a
polymorbid subject). In certain embodiments, subjects are those
whose disease has progressed after treatment with chemotherapy,
radiotherapy, surgery, and/or biologic agents.
[0333] In another embodiment, provided herein are methods for
inducing an immune response against an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, tumor, or allergen in a subject comprising
administering to the subject an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, tumor, or allergen or a composition
thereof.
[0334] In another embodiment, the subjects to whom an arenavirus
particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, tumor, or allergen described
herein or a composition thereof is administered have, are
susceptible to, or are at risk for a infection, development of
cancer or a allergy, or exhibit a pre-cancerous tissue lesion. In
another specific embodiment, the subjects to whom a arenavirus
particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, tumor, or allergen described
herein or a composition thereof is administered are infected with,
are susceptible to, are at risk for, or diagnosed with an
infection, cancer, pre-cancerous tissue lesion, or allergy.
[0335] In another embodiment, the subjects to whom an arenavirus
particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, tumor, or allergen described
herein or a composition thereof is administered are suffering from,
are susceptible to, or are at risk for, an infection, a cancer, a
pre-cancerous lesion, or an allergy in the pulmonary system,
central nervous system, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal system,
or circulatory system among others. In a specific embodiment, the
subjects to whom an arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derive from an infectious organism,
tumor, or allergen described herein or a composition thereof is
administered are suffering from, are susceptible to, or are at risk
for, an infection, a cancer, or an allergy in one or more organs of
the body, including but not limited to the brain, liver, lungs,
eyes, ears, intestines, esophagus, uterus, nasopharynx or salivary
glands.
[0336] In another embodiment, the subjects to whom an arenavirus
particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen
described herein or a composition thereof is administered to a
subject suffering from symptoms including but not limited to fever,
night sweats, tiredness, malaise, uneasiness, sore throat, swollen
glands, joint pain, muscle pain, loss of appetite, weight loss,
diarrhea, gastrointestinal ulcerations, gastrointestinal bleeding,
shortness of breath, pneumonia, mouth ulcers, vision problems,
hepatitis, jaundice, encephalitis, seizures, coma, pruritis,
erythema, hyperpigmentation, changes in lymph node, or hearing
loss.
[0337] In another embodiment, an arenavirus or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen as described herein
or a composition thereof is administered to a subject of any age
group suffering from, are susceptible to, or are at risk for, an
infection, a cancer, or an allergy. In a specific embodiment, an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergen as described herein or a composition thereof
is administered to a subject with a compromised immune system, a
pregnant subject, a subject undergoing an organ or bone marrow
transplant, a subject taking immunosuppressive drugs, a subject
undergoing hemodialysis, a subject who has cancer, or a subject who
is suffering from, are susceptible to, or are at risk for, an
infection, a cancer, or an allergy. In a more specific embodiment,
an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergen as described herein or a composition thereof
is administered to a subject who is a child of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17 years of age suffering
from, are susceptible to, or are at risk for, an infection, a
cancer, or an allergy. In yet another specific embodiment, an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergen described herein or a composition thereof is
administered to a subject who is an infant suffering from, is
susceptible to, or is at risk for, an infection, cancer or an
allergy. In yet another specific embodiment, an arenavirus particle
or tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen described
herein or a composition thereof is administered to a subject who is
an infant of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months of
age suffering from, is susceptible to, or is at risk for, an
infection, cancer, or an allergy. In yet another specific
embodiment, an arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism,
a cancer, or an allergen described herein or a composition thereof
is administered to an elderly subject who is suffering from, is
susceptible to, or is at risk for, an infection, cancer, or an
allergy. In a more specific embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen described
herein or a composition thereof is administered to a subject who is
a senior subject of 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, or 90 years of
age.
[0338] In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen described
herein or a composition thereof is administered to subjects with a
heightened risk of disseminated infection, a cancer, or an allergy.
In a specific embodiment, arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen described herein or a
composition thereof is administered to subjects in the neonatal
period with a neonatal and therefore immature immune system.
[0339] In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen as described
herein or a composition thereof is administered to a subject having
a dormant infection, cancer, or allergy. In a specific embodiment,
an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus expressing an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an
allergen described herein or a composition thereof is administered
to a subject having a dormant infection, a dormant cancer, or a
dormant allergy which can reactivate upon immune system compromise.
Thus, provided herein is a method for preventing reactivation of an
infection, a cancer, or an allergy.
[0340] In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen as described
herein or a composition thereof is administered to a subject having
a recurrent infection, a cancer, or an allergy.
[0341] In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen as described
herein or a composition thereof is administered to a subject with a
genetic predisposition for an infection, a cancer, or an allergy.
In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen as described herein
or a composition thereof is administered to a subject. In another
embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism,
a cancer, or an allergen is administered to a subject with risk
factors. Exemplary risk factors include, aging, tobacco, sun
exposure, radiation exposure, chemical exposure, family history,
alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being
overweight.
[0342] In another embodiment, administering an arenavirus particle
or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen
reduces a symptomatic infection, cancer, or allergy. In another
embodiment, administering an arenavirus particle or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen reduces an
asymptomatic infection, cancer, or allergy.
[0343] In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism described herein or a composition
thereof is administered to subjects or animals infected with one or
more strains of influenza virus, infectious bursal disease virus,
rotavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious
laryngotracheitis virus, chicken anemia virus, Marek's disease
virus, avian leukosis virus, avian adenovirus, or avian
pneumovirus, SARS-causing virus, human respiratory syncytial virus,
human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus,
hepatitis C virus, poliovirus, rabies virus, Hendra virus, Nipah
virus, human parainfluenza 3 virus, measles virus, mumps virus,
Ebola virus, Marburg virus, West Nile disease virus, Japanese
encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Hantavirus, Rift Valley fever
virus, Lassa fever virus, herpes simplex virus and yellow fever
virus.
[0344] In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from a cancer described herein or a composition thereof is
administered to subjects who suffer from one or more types of
cancers. In other embodiments, any type of a cancer susceptible to
treatment with the vaccines described herein might be targeted. In
a more specific embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from a cancer described herein or a composition thereof is
administered to subjects suffering from, for example, melanoma,
prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma,
neuroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and
stomach carcinoma, burkitt lymphoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Hodgkin
lymphoma; nasopharyngeal carcinoma (cancer of the upper part of the
throat behind the nose), leukemia, mucosa-associated lymphoid
tissue lymphoma.
[0345] In another embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an allergen described herein or a composition thereof is
administered to subjects who suffer from one or more allergies. In
a more specific embodiment, an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an allergen described herein or a composition thereof is
administered to subjects suffering from, for example, a seasonal
allergy, a perennial allergy, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, eczema,
a food allergy.
[0346] In another embodiment, administering an arenavirus particle
or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen as
described herein or a composition thereof to subjects confer
cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against an infection, a cancer, or an
allergen. Without being bound by theory, in another embodiment, an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, an allergen as described herein or a composition thereof
infects and expresses antigens of interest in antigen presenting
cells (APC) of the host (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells, or B
cells) for direct presentation of antigens on Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II. In another
embodiment, administering an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, a cancer, an allergen as described herein or a
composition thereof to subjects induces plurifunctional cytolytic
as well as IFN-.gamma. and TNF-.alpha. co-producing CMV-specific
CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses of high magnitude to treat or
prevent an infection, a cancer, or an allergy.
[0347] In another embodiment, administering an arenavirus particle
or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen or a
composition thereof reduces the risk that an individual will
develop an infection, a cancer, an allergy by at least about 10%,
at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at
least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least
about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about
90%, or more, compared to the risk of developing an infection, a
cancer, or an allergy in the absence of such treatment.
[0348] In another embodiment, administering an arenavirus particle
or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen or a
composition thereof reduces the symptoms of an infection, a cancer,
or an allergy by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least
about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about
40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at
least about 80%, at least about 90%, or more, compared to the
manifestation of the symptoms of an infection, a cancer, an allergy
in the absence of such treatment.
[0349] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen is preferably
administered in multiple injections (e.g., at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, or 50 injections)
or by continuous infusion (e.g., using a pump) at multiple sites
(e.g., at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, or 14 sites). In
certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen is administered in
two or more separate injections over a 6-month period, a 12-month
period, a 24-month period, or a 48-month period. In certain
embodiments, the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derived from a infectious organism,
a cancer, or an allergen is administered with a first dose at an
elected date, a second dose at least 2 months after the first dose,
and a third does 6 months after the first dose.
[0350] In one example, cutaneous injections are performed at
multiple body sites to reduce extent of local skin reactions. On a
given vaccination day, the patient receives the assigned total dose
of cells administered from one syringe in 3 to 5 separate
intradermal injections of the dose (e.g., at least 0.4 ml, 0.2 ml,
or 0.1 ml) each in an extremity spaced at least about 5 cm (e.g.,
at least 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or cm) at needle entry from the
nearest neighboring injection. On subsequent vaccination days, the
injection sites are rotated to different limbs in a clockwise or
counter-clockwise manner.
[0351] In another embodiment, administering an infectious,
replication-deficient arenavirus expressing a CMV antigen or a
composition thereof in subjects with a neonatal and therefore
immune system induces a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response against
an infection, a cancer, or an allergy, exceeding by at least about
10%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at
least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least
about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about
90%, or more, the CMI response against an infection, a cancer, or a
allergy in the absence of such a treatment.
[0352] In certain embodiments, administrating to a subject an
arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergen, as described herein induces a detectable
antibody titer for a minimum of at least four weeks. In another
embodiment, administering to a subject an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen, as describe
herein increases the antibody titer by at least 100%, at least
200%, at least 300%, at least 400%, at least 500%, or at least
1000%.
[0353] In certain embodiments, primary antigen exposure elicits a
functional, (neutralizing) and minimum antibody titer of at least
50%, at least 100%, at least 200%, at least 300%, at least 400%, at
least 500%, or at least 1000% of mean control sera from
infection-immune human subjects. In more specific embodiments, the
primary neutralizing geometric mean antibody titer increases up to
a peak value of at least 1:50, at least 1:100, at least 1:200, or
at least 1:1000 within at least 4 weeks post-immunization. In
another embodiment, immunization with an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergy, as described
herein produces high titers of antibodies that last for at least 4
weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 6 months, at
least 12 months, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, at least 4
years, or at least 5 years post-immunization following a single
administration of the vaccine, or following two or more sequential
immunizations.
[0354] In yet another embodiment, secondary antigen exposure
increases the antibody titer by at least 100%, at least 200%, at
least 300%, at least 400%, at least 500%, or at least 1000%. In
another embodiment, secondary antigen exposure elicits a
functional, (neutralizing) and minimum antibody titer of at least
50%, at least 100%, at least 200%, at least 300%, at least 400%, at
least 500%, or at least 1000% of mean control sera from
infection-immune human subjects. In more specific embodiments, the
secondary neutralizing geometric mean antibody titer increases up
to a peak value of at least 1:50, at least 1:100, at least 1:200,
or at least 1:1000 within at least 4 weeks post-immunization. In
another embodiment, a second immunization with an arenavirus
particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an
allergy, as described herein produces high titers of antibodies
that last for at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12
weeks, at least 6 months, at least 12 months, at least 2 years, at
least 3 years, at least 4 years, or at least 5 years
post-immunization.
[0355] In yet another embodiment, a third boosting immunization
increases the antibody titer by at least 100%, at least 200%, at
least 300%, at least 400%, at least 500%, or at least 1000%. In
another embodiment, the boosting immunization elicits a functional,
(neutralizing) and minimum antibody titer of at least 50%, at least
100%, at least 200%, at least 300%, at least 400%, at least 500%,
or at least 1000% of mean control sera from infection-immune human
subjects. In more specific embodiments, the third boosting
immunization elicits a functional, (neutralizing), and minimum
antibody titer of at least 50%, at least 100%, at least 200%, at
least 300%, at least 400%, at least 500%, or at least 1000% of mean
control sera from infection-immune human subjects. In another
embodiment, a third boosting immunization prolongs the antibody
titer by at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at
least 6 months, at least 12 months, at least 2 years, at least 3
years, at least 4 years, or at least 5 years post-immunization
[0356] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergy, elicits a T
cell independent or T cell dependent response. In other
embodiments, arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism,
a cancer, or an allergy, elicits a T cell response. In other
embodiments, an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism,
a cancer, or an allergy, as described herein elicits a T helper
response. In another embodiment, arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergy, as described
herein elicits a Th1-orientated response or a Th2-orientated
response.
[0357] In more specific embodiments, the Th1-orientated response is
indicated by a predominance of IgG1 antibodies versus IgG2. In
other embodiments the ratio of IgG1:IgG2 is greater than 1:1,
greater than 2:1, greater than 3:1, or greater than 4:1. In another
embodiment the infectious, arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived from an
infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergy, as described herein
is indicated by a predominance of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgA,
IgD or IgE antibodies.
[0358] In some embodiments, the infectious, replication-deficient
arenavirus expressing a CMV antigen or a fragment thereof elicits a
CD8+ T cell response. In another embodiment, the arenavirus
particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an
allergy elicits both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, in combination
with antibodies or not.
[0359] In certain embodiments, the arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergy, as described
herein elicits high titers of neutralizing antibodies. In another
embodiment, the arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism,
a cancer, or an allergy, as described herein elicits higher titers
of neutralizing antibodies than expression of the protein complex
components individually.
[0360] In another embodiment, the arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing one, two, three, four,
five, or more antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergy elicits higher titers of neutralizing
antibodies than an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle expressing one expressing one antigen derived
from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen.
[0361] In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise
co-administration of the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle and at least one additional therapy. In certain
embodiments, the co-administration is simultaneous. In another
embodiment, the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle is administered prior to administration of the additional
therapy. In other embodiments, the arenavirus particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle is administered after
administration of the additional therapy. In certain embodiments,
the administration of the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle and the additional therapy is about 1 hour,
about 2 hours, about 3 hours, about 4 hours, about 5 hours, about 6
hours, about 7 hours, about 8 hours, about 9 hours, about 10 hours,
about 11 hours, or about 12 hours. In certain embodiments, the
interval between administration of the arenavirus particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle and said additional therapy is
about 1 day, 1 week, about 2 weeks, about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks,
about 5 weeks, about 6 weeks, about 7 weeks, about 8 weeks, about 9
weeks, about 10 weeks, about 11 weeks, about 12 weeks. In certain
embodiments, the interval between administration of the arenavirus
particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle and the additional
therapy is about 1 month, about 2 months, about 3 months, about 4
months, about 5 months, or about 6 months.
[0362] In certain embodiments, administering an arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergen or a composition thereof reduces the number
of antibodies detected in a patient blood sample, or serum sample.
In certain embodiments, administering an arenavirus particle
expressing an antigen derived from an infectious organism, a
cancer, or an allergen composition thereof reduces the amount of
the infectious organism, cancer, or allergy detected in urine,
saliva, blood, tears, semen, exfoliated cell sample, or breast
milk.
[0363] In another embodiment, the arenavirus particle or the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infection organism, a cancer, or an allergen as described
herein or a composition may further comprise a reporter protein. In
a more specific embodiment, the the arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infection organism, a cancer, or an allergen and reporter
protein as described herein or a composition is administered to
subjects for treating and/or preventing an infection, a cancer, or
an allergy. In yet another specific embodiment, the reporter
protein can be used for monitoring gene expression, protein
localization, and vaccine delivery, in vivo, in situ and in real
time.
[0364] In another embodiment, the arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infection organism, a cancer, or an allergen as described
herein or a composition may further comprise a fluorescent protein.
In a more specific embodiment, the arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an antigen derived
from an infection organism, a cancer, or an allergen and reporter
protein as described herein or a composition is administered to
subjects for treating and/or preventing an infection, a cancer, or
an allergy. In yet another specific embodiment, the fluorescent
protein can be the reporter protein can be used for monitoring gene
expression, protein localization, and vaccine delivery, in vivo, in
situ and in real time.
[0365] Changes in the CMI response function against an infection, a
cancer, or an allergy induced by administering an arenavirus
particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle expressing an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, an allergen
or a composition thereof in subjects can be measured by any assay
known to the skilled artisan including, but not limited to flow
cytometry (see, e.g., Perfetto S. P. et al., 2004, Nat Rev Immun.,
4(8):648-55), lymphocyte proliferation assays (see, e.g., Bonilla
F. A. et al., 2008, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 101:101-4; and
Hicks M. J. et al., 1983, Am J Clin Pathol., 80:159-63), assays to
measure lymphocyte activation including determining changes in
surface marker expression following activation of measurement of
cytokines of T lymphocytes (see, e.g., Caruso A. et al., Cytometry.
1997; 27:71-6), ELISPOT assays (see, e.g., Czerkinsky C. C. et al.,
1983, J Immunol Methods, 65:109-121; and Hutchings P. R. et al.,
1989, J Immunol Methods, 120:1-8), or Natural killer cell
cytotoxicity assays (see, e.g., Bonilla F. A. et al., 2006, Ann
Allergy Asthma Immunol., 94(5 Suppl 1):S1-63).
[0366] Successful treatment of a cancer patient can be assessed as
prolongation of expected survival, induction of an anti-tumor
immune response, or improvement of a particular characteristic of a
cancer. Examples of characteristics of a cancer that might be
improved include tumor size (e.g., T0, T is, or T1-4), state of
metastasis (e.g., M0, M1), number of observable tumors, node
involvement (e.g., NO, N1-4, Nx), grade (i.e., grades 1, 2, 3, or
4), stage (e.g., 0, I, II, III, or IV), presence or concentration
of certain markers on the cells or in bodily fluids (e.g., AFP,
B2M, beta-HCG, BTA, CA 15-3, CA 27.29, CA 125, CA 72.4, CA 19-9,
calcitonin, CEA, chromgrainin A, EGFR, hormone receptors, HER2,
HCG, immunoglobulins, NSE, NMP22, PSA, PAP, PSMA, S-100, TA-90, and
thyroglobulin), and/or associated pathologies (e.g., ascites or
edema) or symptoms (e.g., cachexia, fever, anorexia, or pain). The
improvement, if measureable by percent, can be at least 5, 10, 15,
20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% (e.g., survival, or volume
or linear dimensions of a tumor).
[0367] In another embodiment, described herein, is a method of use
with an arenavirus particle (e.g., LCMV) expressing an antigen
derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, or an allergen as
described herein in which the at least one of the ORF encoding the
GP, NP, Z protein, and L protein is substituted with a nucleotide
sequence encoding an infectious a nucleotide sequence encoding an
antigen derived from an infectious organism, a cancer, an allergen,
or an antigenic fragment thereof.
[0368] 4.7 Compositions, Administration, and Dosage
[0369] The present application furthermore relates to vaccines,
immunogenic compositions (e.g., vaccine formulations), and
pharmaceutical compositions comprising an arenavirus particle or a
tri-segmented arenavirus particle as described herein. Such
vaccines, immunogenic compositions and pharmaceutical compositions
can be formulated according to standard procedures in the art.
[0370] It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the
relevant arts that suitable modifications and adaptations to the
methods and applications described herein can be obvious and can be
made without departing from the scope of the scope or any
embodiment thereof.
[0371] In another embodiment, provided herein are compositions
comprising an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle described herein. Such compositions can be used in methods
of treatment and prevention of disease. In a specific embodiment,
the compositions described herein are used in the treatment of
subjects infected with, or susceptible to, an infection. In other
embodiments, the compositions described herein are used in the
treatment of subjects susceptible to or exhibiting symptoms
characteristic of cancer or tumorigenesis or are diagnosed with
cancer. In another specific embodiment, the immunogenic
compositions provided herein can be used to induce an immune
response in a host to whom the composition is administered. The
immunogenic compositions described herein can be used as vaccines
and can accordingly be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions.
In a specific embodiment, the immunogenic compositions described
herein are used in the prevention of infection or cancer of
subjects (e.g., human subjects). In other embodiments, the vaccine,
immunogenic composition or pharmaceutical composition are suitable
for veterinary and/or human administration.
[0372] In certain embodiments, provided herein are immunogenic
compositions comprising an arenavirus vector as described herein.
In certain embodiments, such an immunogenic composition further
comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In certain
embodiments, such an immunogenic composition further comprises an
adjuvant. The adjuvant for administration in combination with a
composition described herein may be administered before,
concomitantly with, or after administration of said composition. In
some embodiments, the term "adjuvant" refers to a compound that
when administered in conjunction with or as part of a composition
described herein augments, enhances and/or boosts the immune
response to a arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle and, most importantly, the gene products it vectorises,
but when the compound is administered alone does not generate an
immune response to the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented
arenavirus particle and the gene products vectorised by the latter.
In some embodiments, the adjuvant generates an immune response to
the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle and
the gene products vectorised by the latter and does not produce an
allergy or other adverse reaction. Adjuvants can enhance an immune
response by several mechanisms including, e.g., lymphocyte
recruitment, stimulation of B and/or T cells, and stimulation of
macrophages or dendritic cells. When a vaccine or immunogenic
composition of the invention comprises adjuvants or is administered
together with one or more adjuvants, the adjuvants that can be used
include, but are not limited to, mineral salt adjuvants or mineral
salt gel adjuvants, particulate adjuvants, microparticulate
adjuvants, mucosal adjuvants, and immunostimulatory adjuvants.
Examples of adjuvants include, but are not limited to, aluminum
salts (alum) (such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, and
aluminum sulfate), 3 De-O-acylated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)
(see GB 2220211), MF59 (Novartis), AS03 (GlaxoSmithKline), AS04
(GlaxoSmithKline), polysorbate 80 (Tween 80; ICL Americas, Inc.),
imidazopyridine compounds (see International Application No.
PCT/US2007/064857, published as International Publication No.
WO2007/109812), imidazoquinoxaline compounds (see International
Application No. PCT/US2007/064858, published as International
Publication No. WO2007/109813) and saponins, such as QS21 (see
Kensil et al., 1995, in Vaccine Design: The Subunit and Adjuvant
Approach (eds. Powell & Newman, Plenum Press, NY); U.S. Pat.
No. 5,057,540). In some embodiments, the adjuvant is Freund's
adjuvant (complete or incomplete). Other adjuvants are oil in water
emulsions (such as squalene or peanut oil), optionally in
combination with immune stimulants, such as monophosphoryl lipid A
(see Stoute et al., 1997, N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 86-91).
[0373] The compositions comprise the arenaviruses particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle described herein alone or
together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Suspensions or
dispersions of the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle, especially isotonic aqueous suspensions or dispersions,
can be used. The pharmaceutical compositions may be sterilized
and/or may comprise excipients, e.g., preservatives, stabilizers,
wetting agents and/or emulsifiers, solubilizers, salts for
regulating osmotic pressure and/or buffers and are prepared in a
manner known per se, for example by means of conventional
dispersing and suspending processes. In certain embodiments, such
dispersions or suspensions may comprise viscosity-regulating
agents. The suspensions or dispersions are kept at temperatures
around 2.degree. C. to 8.degree. C., or preferentially for longer
storage may be frozen and then thawed shortly before use, or
alternatively may be lyophilized for storage. For injection, the
vaccine or immunogenic preparations may be formulated in aqueous
solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as
Hanks's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline
buffer. The solution may contain formulatory agents such as
suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
[0374] In certain embodiments, the compositions described herein
additionally comprise a preservative, e.g., the mercury derivative
thimerosal. In a specific embodiment, the pharmaceutical
compositions described herein comprise 0.001% to 0.01% thimerosal.
In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions described
herein do not comprise a preservative.
[0375] The pharmaceutical compositions comprise from about 10.sup.3
to about 10.sup.11 focus forming units of the arenavirus particle
or tri-segmented arenavirus particle.
[0376] In one embodiment, administration of the pharmaceutical
composition is parenteral administration. Parenteral administration
can be intravenous or subcutaneous administration. Accordingly,
unit dose forms for parenteral administration are, for example,
ampoules or vials, e.g., vials containing from about 10.sup.3 to
10.sup.10 focus forming units or 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.15 physical
particles of the arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle.
[0377] In another embodiment, a vaccine or immunogenic composition
provided herein is administered to a subject by, including but not
limited to, oral, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal,
intravenous, topical, subcutaneous, percutaneous, intranasal and
inhalation routes, and via scarification (scratching through the
top layers of skin, e.g., using a bifurcated needle). Specifically,
subcutaneous or intravenous routes can be used.
[0378] For administration intranasally or by inhalation, the
preparation for use according to the present invention can be
conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation
from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable
propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,
dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In
the case of a pressurized aerosol the dosage unit may be determined
by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and
cartridges of, e.g., gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflators
may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and as
suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
[0379] The dosage of the active ingredient depends upon the type of
vaccination and upon the subject, and their age, weight, individual
condition, the individual pharmacokinetic data, and the mode of
administration. In certain embodiments, an in vitro assay is
employed to help identify optimal dosage ranges. Effective doses
may be extrapolated from dose response curves derived from in vitro
or animal model test systems.
[0380] In certain embodiments, the vaccine, immunogenic
composition, or pharmaceutical composition comprising an arenavirus
particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle can be used as a
live vaccination. Exemplary doses for a live arenavirus particle
may vary from 10-100, or more, PFU of live virus per dose. In some
embodiments, suitable dosages of an arenavirus particle or the
tri-segmented arenavirus particle are 10.sup.2, 5.times.10.sup.2,
10.sup.3, 5.times.10.sup.3, 10.sup.4, 5.times.10.sup.4, 10.sup.5,
5.times.10.sup.5, 10.sup.6, 5.times.10.sup.6, 10.sup.7,
5.times.10.sup.7, 10.sup.8, 5.times.10.sup.8, 1.times.10.sup.9,
5.times.10.sup.9, 1.times.10.sup.10, 5.times.10.sup.10,
1.times.10.sup.11, 5.times.10.sup.11 or 10.sup.12 pfu, and can be
administered to a subject once, twice, three or more times with
intervals as often as needed. In another embodiment, a live
arenavirus is formulated such that a 0.2-mL dose contains
10.sup.6.5-10.sup.7.5 fluorescent focal units of live arenavirus
particle. In another embodiment, an inactivated vaccine is
formulated such that it contains about 15 .mu.g to about 100 .mu.g,
about 15 .mu.g to about 75 .mu.g, about 15 .mu.g to about 50 .mu.g,
or about 15 .mu.g to about 30 .mu.g of an arenavirus
[0381] In certain embodiments, for administration to children, two
doses of an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle described herein or a composition thereof, given at least
one month apart, are administered to a child. In specific
embodiments for administration to adults, a single dose of the
arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus particle described
herein or a composition thereof is given. In another embodiment,
two doses of an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle described herein or a composition thereof, given at least
one month apart, are administered to an adult. In another
embodiment, a young child (six months to nine years old) may be
administered an arenavirus particle or a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle described herein or a composition thereof for the first
time in two doses given one month apart. In a particular
embodiment, a child who received only one dose in their first year
of vaccination should receive two doses in the following year. In
some embodiments, two doses administered 4 weeks apart are
preferred for children 2-8 years of age who are administered an
immunogenic composition described herein, for the first time. In
certain embodiments, for children 6-35 months of age, a half dose
(0.25 ml) may be preferred, in contrast to 0.5 ml which may be
preferred for subjects over three years of age.
[0382] In certain embodiments, the compositions can be administered
to the patient in a single dosage comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of the arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented
arenavirus particle. In some embodiments, the arenavirus particle
or tri-segmented arenavirus particle can be administered to the
patient in a single dose comprising a therapeutically effective
amount of an arenavirus particle or tri-segmented arenavirus
particle and, one or more pharmaceutical compositions, each in a
therapeutically effective amount.
[0383] In certain embodiments, the composition is administered to
the patient as a single dose followed by a second dose three to six
weeks later. In accordance with these embodiments, the booster
inoculations may be administered to the subjects at six to twelve
month intervals following the second inoculation. In certain
embodiments, the booster inoculations may utilize a different
arenavirus or composition thereof. In some embodiments, the
administration of the same composition as described herein may be
repeated and separated by at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5
days, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 2 months, 75 days, 3
months, or at least 6 months.
[0384] Also provided herein, are processes and to the use the
arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle for
the manufacture of vaccines in the form of pharmaceutical
preparations, which comprise the arenavirus particle or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle as an active ingredient. The
pharmaceutical compositions of the present application are prepared
in a manner known per se, for example by means of conventional
mixing and/or dispersing processes.
[0385] 4.8 Assays
[0386] 4.8.1 Arenavirus Detection Assays
[0387] The skilled artesian could detect an arenavirus genomic
segment or tri-segmented arenavirus particle, as described herein
using techniques known in the art. For example, RT-PCR can be used
with primers that are specific to an arenavirus to detect and
quantify an arenavirus genomic segment that has been engineered to
carry an ORF in a position other than the wild-type position of the
ORF or a tri-segmented arenavirus particle. Western blot, ELISA,
radioimmunoassay, immuneprecipitation, immunecytochemistry, or
immunocytochemistry in conjunction with FACS can be used to
quantify the gene products of the arenavirus genomic segment or
tri-segmented arenavirus particle.
[0388] 4.8.2 Assay to Measure Infectivity
[0389] Any assay known to the skilled artisan can be used for
measuring the infectivity of an arenavirus vector preparation. For
example, determination of the virus/vector titer can be done by a
"focus forming unit assay" (FFU assay). In brief, complementing
cells, e.g., MC57 cells are plated and inoculated with different
dilutions of a virus/vector sample. After an incubation period, to
allow cells to form a monolayer and virus to attach to cells, the
monolayer is covered with Methylcellulose. When the plates are
further incubated, the original infected cells release viral
progeny. Due to the Methylcellulose overlay the spread of the new
viruses is restricted to neighboring cells. Consequently, each
infectious particle produces a circular zone of infected cells
called a Focus. Such Foci can be made visible and by that countable
using antibodies against LCMV-NP or another protein expressed by
the arenavirus particle or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle
and a HRP-based color reaction. The titer of a virus/vector can be
calculated in focus-forming units per milliliter (FFU/mL).
[0390] 4.8.3 Growth of an Arenavirus Particle
[0391] Growth of an arenavirus particle described herein can be
assessed by any method known in the art or described herein (e.g.,
cell culture). Viral growth may be determined by inoculating serial
dilutions of an arenavirus particle described herein into cell
cultures (e.g., Vero cells or BHK-21 cells). After incubation of
the virus for a specified time, the virus is isolated using
standard methods.
[0392] 4.8.4 Serum ELISA
[0393] Determination of the humoral immune response upon
vaccination of animals (e.g., mice, guinea pigs) can be done by
antigen-specific serum ELISA's (enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays). In brief, plates are coated with antigen (e.g.,
recombinant protein), blocked to avoid unspecific binding of
antibodies and incubated with serial dilutions of sera. After
incubation, bound serum-antibodies can be detected, e.g., using an
enzyme-coupled anti-species (e.g., mouse, guinea pig)-specific
antibody (detecting total IgG or IgG subclasses) and subsequent
color reaction. Antibody titers can be determined as, e.g.,
endpoint geometric mean titer.
[0394] 4.8.5 Assay to Measure the Neutralizing Activity of Induced
Antibodies
[0395] Determination of the neutralizing antibodies in sera is
performed with the following cell assay using ARPE-19 cells from
ATCC and a GFP-tagged virus. In addition supplemental guinea pig
serum as a source of exogenous complement is used. The assay is
started with seeding of 6.5.times.10.sup.3 cells/well (50
.mu.l/well) in a 384 well plate one or two days before using for
neutralization. The neutralization is done in 96-well sterile
tissue culture plates without cells for 1 h at 37.degree. C. After
the neutralization incubation step the mixture is added to the
cells and incubated for additional 4 days for GFP-detection with a
plate reader. A positive neutralizing human sera is used as assay
positive control on each plate to check the reliability of all
results. Titers (EC50) are determined using a 4 parameter logistic
curve fitting. As additional testing the wells are checked with a
fluorescence microscope.
[0396] 4.8.6 Plaque Reduction Assay
[0397] In brief, plaque reduction (neutralization) assays for LCMV
can be performed by use of a replication-competent or -deficient
LCMV that is tagged with green fluorescent protein, 5% rabbit serum
may be used as a source of exogenous complement, and plaques can be
enumerated by fluorescence microscopy. Neutralization titers may be
defined as the highest dilution of serum that results in a 50%,
75%, 90% or 95% reduction in plaques, compared with that in control
(pre-immune) serum samples.
[0398] qPCR LCMV RNA genomes are isolated using QIAamp Viral RNA
mini Kit (QIAGEN), according to the protocol provided by the
manufacturer. LCMV RNA genome equivalents are detected by
quantitative PCR carried out on an StepOnePlus Real Time PCR System
(Applied Biosystems) with SuperScript.RTM. III Platinum.RTM.
One-Step qRT-PCR Kit (Invitrogen) and primers and probes (FAM
reporter and NFQ-MGB Quencher) specific for part of the LCMV NP
coding region or another genomic stretch of the arenavirus particle
or the tri-segmented arenavirus particle. The temperature profile
of the reaction may be: 30 min at 60.degree. C., 2 min at
95.degree. C., followed by 45 cycles of 15 s at 95.degree. C., 30 s
at 56.degree. C. RNA can be quantified by comparison of the sample
results to a standard curve prepared from a log 10 dilution series
of a spectrophotometrically quantified, in vitro-transcribed RNA
fragment, corresponding to a fragment of the LCMV NP coding
sequence or another genomic stretch of the arenavirus particle or
the tri-segmented arenavirus particle containing the primer and
probe binding sites.
[0399] 4.8.7 Western Blotting
[0400] Infected cells grown in tissue culture flasks or in
suspension are lysed at indicated timepoints post infection using
RIPA buffer (Thermo Scientific) or used directly without
cell-lysis. Samples are heated to 99.degree. C. for 10 minutes with
reducing agent and NuPage LDS Sample buffer (NOVEX) and chilled to
room temperature before loading on 4-12% SDS-gels for
electrophoresis. Proteins are blotted onto membranes using
Invitrogens iBlot Gel transfer Device and visualized by Ponceau
staining. Finally, the preparations are probed with a primary
antibodies directed against proteins of interest and alkaline
phosphatase conjugated secondary antibodies followed by staining
with 1-Step NBT/BCIP solution (INVITROGEN).
[0401] 4.8.8 MHC-Peptide Multimer Staining Assay for Detection of
Antigen-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Proliferation
[0402] Any assay known to the skilled artisan can be used to test
antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. For example, the
MHC-peptide tetramer staining assay can be used (see, e.g., Altman
J. D. et al., Science. 1996; 274:94-96; and Murali-Krishna K. et
al., Immunity. 1998; 8:177-187). Briefly, the assay comprises the
following steps, a tetramer assay is used to detect the presence of
antigen specific T-cells. In order for a T-cell to detect the
peptide to which it is specific, it must both recognize the peptide
and the tetramer of MHC molecules custom made for a defined antigen
specificity and MHC haplotype of T-cells (typically fluorescently
labeled). The tetramer is then detected by flow cytometry via the
fluorescent label.
[0403] 4.8.9 ELISPOT Assay for Detection of Antigen-Specific CD4+
T-Cell Proliferation.
[0404] Any assay known to the skilled artisan can be used to test
antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. For example, the ELISPOT
assay can be used (see, e.g., Czerkinsky C. C. et al., J Immunol
Methods. 1983; 65:109-121; and Hutchings P. R. et al., J Immunol
Methods. 1989; 120:1-8). Briefly, the assay comprises the following
steps: An immunospot plate is coated with an anti-cytokine
antibody. Cells are incubated in the immunospot plate. Cells
secrete cytokines and are then washed off Plates are then coated
with a second biotyinlated-anticytokine antibody and visualized
with an avidin-HRP system.
[0405] 4.8.10 Intracellular Cytokine Assay for Detection of
Functionality of CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses.
[0406] Any assay known to the skilled artisan can be used to test
the functionality of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. For example,
the intracellular cytokine assay combined with flow cytometry can
be used (see, e.g., Suni M. A. et al., J Immunol Methods. 1998;
212:89-98; Nomura L. E. et al., Cytometry. 2000; 40:60-68; and
Ghanekar S. A. et al., Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory
Immunology. 2001; 8:628-63). Briefly, the assay comprises the
following steps: activation of cells via specific peptides or
protein, an inhibition of protein transport (e.g., brefeldin A) is
added to retain the cytokines within the cell. After a defined
period of incubation, typically 5 hours, a washing steps follows,
and antibodies to other cellular markers can be added to the cells.
Cells are then fixed and permeabilized. The flurochrome-conjugated
anti-cytokine antibodies are added and the cells can be analyzed by
flow cytometry.
[0407] 4.8.11 Assay for Confirming Replication-Deficiency of Viral
Vectors
[0408] Any assay known to the skilled artisan that determines
concentration of infectious and replication-competent virus
particles can also be used as a to measure replication-deficient
viral particles in a sample. For example, FFU assays with
non-complementing cells can be used for this purpose.
[0409] Furthermore, plaque-based assays are the standard method
used to determine virus concentration in terms of plaque forming
units (PFU) in a virus sample. Specifically, a confluent monolayer
of non-complementing host cells is infected with the virus at
varying dilutions and covered with a semi-solid medium, such as
agar to prevent the virus infection from spreading
indiscriminately. A viral plaque is formed when a virus
successfully infects and replicates itself in a cell within the
fixed cell monolayer, and spreads to surrounding cells (see, e.g.,
Kaufmann, S. H.; Kabelitz, D. (2002). Methods in Microbiology Vol.
32: Immunology of Infection. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-521532-0).
Plaque formation can take 2-14 days, depending on the virus being
analyzed. Plaques are generally counted manually and the results,
in combination with the dilution factor used to prepare the plate,
are used to calculate the number of plaque forming units per sample
unit volume (PFU/mL). The PFU/mL result represents the number of
infective replication-competent particles within the sample. When
C-cells are used, the same assay can be used to titrate
replication-deficient arenavirus particles or tri-segmented
arenavirus particles.
[0410] 4.8.12 Assay for Expression of Viral Antigen
[0411] Any assay known to the skilled artisan can be used for
measuring expression of viral antigens. For example, FFU assays can
be performed. For detection, mono- or polyclonal antibody
preparation(s) against the respective viral antigens are used
(transgene-specific FFU).
[0412] 4.8.13 Animal Models
[0413] To investigate recombination and infectivity of an
arenavirus particle described herein in vivo animal models can be
used. In certain embodiments, the animal models that can be used to
investigate recombination and infectivity of a tri-segmented
arenavirus particle include mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, and monkeys.
In a preferred embodiment, the animal models that can be used to
investigate recombination and infectivity of an arenavirus include
mouse. In a more specific embodiment, the mice can be used to
investigate recombination and infectivity of an arenavirus particle
are triple-deficient for type I interferon receptor, type II
interferon receptor and recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1).
[0414] In certain embodiments, the animal models can be used to
determine arenavirus infectivity and transgene stability. In some
embodiments, viral RNA can be isolated from the serum of the animal
model. Techniques are readily known by those skilled in the art.
The viral RNA can be reverse transcribed and the cDNA carrying the
arenavirus ORFs can be PCR-amplified with gene-specific primers.
Flow cytometry can also be used to investigate arenavirus
infectivity and transgene stability.
5. EXAMPLES
[0415] These examples demonstrate that LCMV virus-based vector
technology can be used to successfully develop (1) an arenavirus
genomic segment with a viral ORF in a position other than the
wild-type position of the ORF, and (2) a tri-segmented arenavirus
particle that does not result in a replication competent
bi-segmented viral particle.
[0416] 5.1 Materials and Methods
[0417] 5.1.1 Cells
[0418] BHK-21 cells were cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco's Eagle
medium (DMEM; Sigma) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal
calf serum (FCS; Biochrom), 10 mM HEPES (Gibco), 1 mM sodium
pyruvate (Gibco) and 1.times. tryptose phosphate broth. MC57 cells
were maintained in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM; Sigma)
complemented with 5% heat-inactivated FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine (Gibco)
and penicillin-streptomycin (100'000 U/ml penicillin and 50 mg/l
streptomycin; Gibco). Both cell lines were cultured at 37.degree.
C. in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator.
[0419] NP-expressing BHK-21 cells were generated by transfecting
BHK-21 cells with a plasmid expressing NP under the control of the
eukaryotic EF1-alpha promoter and encoding the puromycin resistance
gene according to the manufacturer's protocol. 48 hours after
transfection, 4 .mu.g/ml puromycin was added to the medium. Another
48 hours later, cells were passaged into T150 flasks. Once separate
clones became visible, cells were harvested and serially diluted
into a 96-well plate to obtain single clones. Wells were checked
optically for the growth of cell populations from single clones and
respective cells were passaged into 6-well plates once they formed
a confluent monolayer. NP-expressing BHK-21 cells were cultured in
BHK-21 medium in the presence of 4 .mu.g/ml puromycin.
[0420] GP-expressing BHK-21 cells have previously been described.
Briefly, BHK-21 cells were stably transfected with a plasmid that
expresses a codon-optimized LCMV-GP cDNA and the puromycin
resistance cassette. GP-expressing clones were selected by the
addition of 4 .mu.g/ml puromycin to the medium and single clones
were obtained by serial dilutions as described for the
NP-expressing BHK-21 cells.
[0421] 5.1.2 Plasmids
[0422] The pol-I L, pC-NP and pC-L plasmids have previously been
described. For the generation of pol-I S plasmids encoding for GFP
or RFP as reporter genes and either NP or GP, we used a pol-I
Bbs/Bsm cloning plasmid as a basis (pol-I 5'-BsmBI_IGR_BbsI_3').
This plasmid encodes for the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of the
viral S segment followed by two BsmBI restriction sites, the
intergenic region (IGR), an NP rest and CAT open reading frame
(ORF) flanked by BbsI restriction sites and the 3' UTR of the S
segment. The pol-I S plasmids encoding for GP in its natural 5' and
GFP in antisense orientation at the 3' position (pol-I
5'-GP_IGR_GfP-3') were cloned by inserting GP by BsmBI
site-specific restriction and ligation into the pol-I Bbs/Bsm
plasmid. In a second step GFP was inserted by BbsI digestion and
ligation. In order to obtain pol-I S plasmids encoding for GP in
the artificial 3' orientation (pol-I 5'-GFP_IGR_GP-3'), GP was
inserted by BbsI digest at the 3' position into the pol-I Bbs/Bsm
plasmid and GFP with BsmBI restriction/ligation at the 5' position.
pol-I S encoding for GFP or RFP and NP (pol-I 5'-GFP_IGR_NP-3' or
pol-I 5'RFP_IGR_NP-3') were cloned by inserting NP by BbsI
digestion and ligation into the pol-I Bbs/Bsm cloning plasmid and
GFP or RFP by BsmBI cloning. The pol-I plasmid with GP of LCMV
strain WE and NP of LCMV strain Clone 13 (Cl13) were cloned by
inserting the respective genes by Bbs and Bsm site-specific
restriction/ligation at the respective sites in the pol-I Bbs/Bsm
cloning plasmid.
[0423] The S segment encoding for the WE/WET fusion GP was obtained
by replacing the last 255 base pairs of the WE ORF with a
codon-optimized sequence named "WET". This was achieved by PCR
amplifying in a first step a fragment of WE GP with one WE specific
primer (SEQ ID NO: 11) and a WE specific fusion-primer carrying an
overhang complementary to the WET sequence (SEQ ID NO: 12). In
parallel the WET sequence was amplified by PCR using a WET-specific
primer (SEQ ID NO: 13) and a WET-specific fusion-primer
complementary to the WE sequence (SEQ ID NO: 14). In a third PCR
reaction the two PCR products were fused by PCR fusion using the
two mentioned fusion-primers. The resulting WE/WET fusion fragment
was digested with BsmBI and ligated into a pol-I BsmBI_IGR_GFP-3'
plasmid that had been digested with the same restriction
enzyme.
[0424] The pol-I plasmid encoding for the recombined S segment of
the in vivo recombined virus r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat #3 was cloned by
inserting the synthesized DNA fragment (gene synthesis by
GenScript) by site-specific restriction/ligation with SacI and XmaI
into a plasmid encoding a wild-type S-segment under the control of
a pol-I promoter (pol-I GP_IGR_NP) resulting in pol-I
GP_IGR_GFPrest_IGR_NP.
[0425] 5.1.3 DNA Transfection of Cells and Rescue of Recombinant
Viruses
[0426] BHK-21 cells were seeded into 6-well plates at a density of
4.times.105 cells/well and transfected 24 hours later with
different amounts of DNA using either lipofectamine (3 .mu.l/.mu.g
DNA; Invitrogen) or jetPRIME (2 .mu.l/.mu.g DNA; Polyplus)
according to the manufacturer's instructions. For rescue of
recombinant bi-segmented viruses entirely from plasmid DNA, the two
minimal viral trans-acting factors NP and L were delivered from
pol-II driven plasmids (0.8 .mu.g pC-NP, 1 .mu.g pC-L) and were
co-transfected with 1.4 .mu.g of pol-I L and 0.8 .mu.g of pol-I S.
In case of rescue of tri-segmented r3LCMV consisting of one L and
two S segments, 0.8 .mu.g of both pol-I driven S segments were
included in the transfection mix. 72 hours after transfection the
supernatant was harvested and passaged on BHK-21 cells for further
amplification of the virus. Viral titers in the supernatant were
determined by focus forming assay.
[0427] 5.1.4 Viruses and Growth Kinetics of Viruses
[0428] Wild-type Cl13 LCMV, originally derived from wild-type LCMV
Armstrong, has previously been described. Stocks of wild-type and
recombinant viruses were produced by infecting BHK-21 cells at a
multiplicity of infection (moi) of 0.01 and supernatant was
harvested 48 hours after infection. Growth curves of viruses were
done in vitro in a 6-well format. BHK-21 cells were seeded at a
density of 6.times.105 cells/well and infected 24 hours later by
incubating the cells together with 500 .mu.l of the virus inoculum
at a moi of 0.01 for 90 minutes on a rocker plate at 37.degree. C.
and 5% CO2. Fresh medium was added and cells incubated at
37.degree. C./5% CO2 for 72 to 96 hours. Supernatant was taken at
given time points (normally 18, 24, 48, 72 hours) and viral titers
analyzed by focus forming assay.
[0429] 5.1.5 Focus Forming Assay
[0430] Next, titers of LCMV are determined by focus forming assay.
LCMV is a non-cytolytic virus that does not lyse its host cells and
as such does not create plaques. Nevertheless, units in this work
will be expressed in the more commonly used term plaque forming
units (PFU) instead of the correct term focus forming units (FFU).
MC57 cells were used for focus forming assay if not stated
otherwise. Cells were seeded at a density of 1.6.times.105 cells
per well in a 24-well plate and mixed with 200 .mu.l of 10-fold
serial dilutions of virus prepared in MEM/2% FCS. After 2-4 hours
of incubation at 37.degree. C., 200 .mu.l of a viscous medium (2%
Methylcellulose in 2.times. supplemented DMEM) were added per well
to ensure spreading of viral particles only to neighboring cells.
After 48 hours at 37.degree. C. the supernatant was flicked off and
cells were fixed by adding 200 .mu.l of 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)
in PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature (all following steps are
performed at room temperature). Cells were permeabilised with 200
.mu.l per well of BSS/1% Triton X-100 (Merck Millipore) for 20
minutes and subsequently blocked for 60 minutes with PBS/5% FCS.
For anti-NP staining a rat anti-LCMV-NP monoclonal antibody was
used as a primary staining antibody at a dilution of 1:30 in
PBS/2.5% FCS for 60 minutes. For anti-GFP staining purified
rat-anti-GFP antibody (Biolegend 338002) was used at a dilution of
1:2000 in PBS/2.5% FCS. Plates were washed three times with tap
water and the secondary HRP-goat-anti-rat-IgG was added at a
dilution of 1:100 in PBS/2.5% FCS and incubated for 1 hour. The
plate was again washed three times with tap water. The color
reaction (0.5 g/l DAB (Sigma D-5637), 0.5 g/l Ammonium Nickel
sulfate in PBS/0.015% H2O2) was added and the reaction was stopped
after 10 minutes with tap water. Stained foci were counted manually
and the final titer calculated according to the dilution.
[0431] For anti-GP staining of cells, plates were fixed with 50%
MeOH/50% Acetone for 5 minutes and washed with PBS. Blocking was
done as described. As primary antibody anti-GP GP83.4 (produced
from hybridomas) was diluted 1:10 in PBS/2.5% FCS and incubated for
60 minutes. After three washes with tap water, the secondary
HRP-rabbit-anti-mouse IgG antibody was added at a dilution of 1:50
in PBS/2.5% FCS and incubated for 60 minutes. After another three
washes with tap water the color reaction was added as described
above.
[0432] In order to determine the viremia of mice in blood, one drop
of blood (corresponding to 50 .mu.l volume) was collected in 950
.mu.l of BSS-heparin (Na-heparin, Braun, 1 IE/ml final), mixed by
inverting and stored at -80.degree. C. until further use.
[0433] 5.1.6 Mice
[0434] AGRAG mice (IFN.alpha..beta.R-/-, IFN.gamma.R-/-, RAG-/-)
have previously been described and were bred and housed under
specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. They were bred at the
Institut fur Labortierkunde of the University of Zurich,
Switzerland. All animal experiments were performed at the
Universities of Geneva and Basel in accordance with the Swiss law
for animal protection and the permission of the respective
responsible cantonal authorities of Geneva and Basel. Infection of
the mice was done intravenously at a dose of 1.times.104 PFU per
mouse.
[0435] 5.1.7 Preparation of Viral RNA and Sequencing
[0436] Viral RNA was extracted from cell culture supernatant or
from the serum of infected mice using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit
(QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The
reverse-transcription reaction was done with ThermoScript RT-PCR
System (Invitrogen) and a primer specific for LCMV NP (SEQ ID NO:
15) following the manufacturer's protocol. Amplification by PCR was
done by using 2 .mu.l of the cDNA from the RT step and NP- and
GP-specific primers (SEQ ID NO: 16). The PCR reaction was done
using Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase (NEB). Amplified
products were analyzed on and excised from a 2% agarose gel,
purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (QIAGEN) and sent for
DNA Sanger Sequencing (Microsynth) using the NP- and GP-specific
primers.
[0437] 5.1.8 Flow Cytometry
[0438] Blood was stained with antibodies against CD11c (N418),
CD11b (M1/70), CD19 (6D5), NK1.1 (PK136), CD90.2 (30-H12) and GR-1
(RB6-8C5). The expression of surface molecules stained with
specific antibodies as well as GFP and RFP expression was analyzed
on a BD LSR Fortessa flow cytometer using FlowJo software (Tree
Star, Ashland, Oreg.).
[0439] 5.1.9 Statistical Analysis
[0440] Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed
unpaired t test or 1-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's or
Bonferroni's post-test for multiple comparisons using Graphpad
Prism software (version 6.0d). p values of p>0.5 were considered
not significant (ns), whereas p values of p<0.5 were considered
significant (*) with gradations of p<0.01 (**) and p<0.001
(***) being highly significant.
[0441] 5.2 Results
[0442] 5.2.1 Recombinant Tri-Segmented Viruses Grow to Lower Titers
than Wild-Type LCMV
[0443] The genome of wild-type LCMV consists of two single-stranded
RNA segments of negative polarity (one L, one S segment) (FIG. 1A).
In recent years it has been shown that it is possible to introduce
additional foreign genes into the normally bi-segmented genome
found in LCMV particles. The NP and GP genes are segregated onto
two S segment analogues, and genes of interest are inserted into
each resulting S segment of LCMV resulting in replication-competent
viral particles with three RNA segments (two S+one L). The only
currently published strategy keeps both NP and GP in their natural
position in the S segment, thus placing GFP or other transgenes in
the respective free sites (r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat) (FIG. 1B). This was
the intuitive approach aimed at minimizing the likely risk that
genetic reshuffling of the S segment abrogates the resulting
genome's viability. However, this study hypothesized that it should
also be possible to juxtapose the GP to the 3'UTR, expressing it
from the promoter element that normally drives the NP
(r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art; FIG. 1C). Respective expression plasmids were
generated by recombinant cDNA cloning and all three viral
constructs were rescued entirely from plasmid DNA. Comparative
growth curves were performed with the three viruses (FIG. 1D). All
three viruses showed highest titers 48 hours after infection, with
peak titers of tri-segmented viruses 10-100 fold lower than
wild-type virus. Wild-type LCMV reached 3.4.times.10.sup.6 PFU/ml,
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat peaked at 2.7.times.10.sup.4 PFU/ml and
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art at 2.2.times.10.sup.5 PFU/ml. Irrespective of
its similarly reduced peak titers, r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat exhibited
somewhat higher cell-free infectivity during early time points than
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art.
[0444] 5.2.2 Packaging of Tri-Segmented Viral Particles is Less
Efficient than of Bi-Segmented Virus
[0445] These observations suggested that the addition of a second S
segment impaired and delayed viral growth. It was hypothesized that
this reduction in viral fitness might be due to inefficient
packaging of all three RNA segments into viral particles, and that
an excess of bi-segmented particles were formed, which failed to
productively replicate when infecting fresh cells. For these
experiments r3LCMVs with two different reporter genes i.e., GFP
together with GP on one S segment, and NP next to RFP on the second
S segment were used. This resulted in two viruses named
r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.nat and r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art, which differed
only in the arrangement of GFP and GP on the respective S segment.
BHK-21 cells were infected with r3LCMV-GFP-RFP.sup.nat or
bi-segmented r2LCMV and focus forming assays were performed on
normal BHK-21 cells or, in parallel, with stably transfected BHK-21
cells expressing either GP (BHK-GP) or NP (BHK-NP) as cell
substrate to trans-complement viral genomes lacking the respective
genes. Wild-type and GP-complementing cells were stained for
nucleoprotein-expressing viral foci, whereas NP-complementing cells
were stained for GP-positive foci. Thereby, immunofocus formation
on wild-type BHK-21 cells detected only tri-segmented virions.
Without being limited by theory, BHK-GP cells should replicate
tri-segmented virions as well as bi-segmented ones containing the L
segment in combination with the NP-expressing S segment (but devoid
of the GP-expressing S). Conversely, BHK-NP cells should replicate
tri-segmented LCMV and additionally NP-deficient virions consisting
of the L and the GP-expressing S segment (but devoid of the
NP-expressing S segment). Infectious titers of both
r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.nat and r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art, were
consistently higher when assessed on BHK-GP or BHK-NP cells than
when infectivity was tested on wt BHK-21 cells. Conversely, titers
of r2LCMV were similar, irrespective of the cell substrate used to
assess its infectivity. In order to correct for potential intrinsic
differences in permissiveness of each cell line to LCMV, each
virus' titer on BHK-21 cells was normalized to one, for display and
BHK-GP as well as BHK-NP titers were expressed as a multiple
thereof. Thus reflecting cell clone-related titer differences
relating to potential clone-intrinsic differences in viral
permissiveness (FIG. 2A). On either one of the complementing cells,
an approximately five to ten-fold titer difference was observed for
r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.nat and r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art, which was
significantly higher than for r2LCMV. This suggested that a
majority of the viral particles, which were formed by the two
tri-segmented viruses, contained only one of the two S-segments,
encoding either only the NP-(NP-only particles) or the
GP-expressing S segment (GP-only particles), respectively. The
5-fold or greater difference in titer suggested that both, NP-only
and also GP-only particles outnumbered tri-segmented particles
approximately five-fold each, and that tri-segmented particles made
up for less than 10 percent of virions only, which was compatible
with delayed growth and a reduction in viral peak titers when grown
on non-complementing cells (FIG. 1D). These findings were further
validated by flow cytometry. Non-complementing BHK-21 cells or
BHK-NP cells were infected with r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art or r2LCMV as
gating control and fluorescence intensities of GFP and RFP were
assessed with a flow cytometer (FIG. 2B). Since the minimal
transacting factors are not provided by wild-type BHK-21 cells,
only virions containing at least an L segment together with the
NP-expressing S segment can initiate an infectious cycle after cell
entry, resulting in fluorescence signal (RFP). Accordingly, a
population of RFP+GFP- cells was observed upon infection of BHK-21
cells, reflecting NP-only particles. RFP+GFP+ double-positive cells
were evidence of bona fide tri-segmented particles. According to
the gating RFP-GFP+ cells were also observed, yet had a higher RFP
MFI than RFP-GFP- cells, suggesting that they represented early
stages of infection by trisegmented particles, an interpretation
that is also supported by the continuity of this population and the
RFP+GFP+double positive one. However, when growing tri-segmented
r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art on BHK-NP cells, thus substituting for this
minimal transacting factor, we observed a more than 10-fold higher
number of RFP-GFP+ cells as compared to infection of
non-complementing BHK-21 cells. Conversely, RFP+GFP- (evidence of
NP-only particles) and GFP+RFP+double-positive cells (tri-segmented
particles) were detected in comparable abundance (FIG. 2C). These
results confirmed at the single-cell level the findings obtained by
focus forming assay, thus corroborating that tri-segmented virus
preparations contain a majority of bi-segmented
replication-deficient particles. These findings offered a likely
explanation for attenuated growth of r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.nat and
r3LCMV-GFP/RFP.sup.art providing insight into an apparently quite
inefficient random packaging of tri-segmented viruses.
[0446] 5.2.3 Cloning and Rescue of Recombinant Viruses to Track
Recombination In Vivo
[0447] Since tri-segmented viruses show impaired growth kinetics as
seen in FIG. 1, it was hypothesized that there should be high
selection pressure on the viruses to recombine their genetic
information for NP and GP on only one S segment. Inter-segmental
recombination of arenaviruses is postulated to have led to the
phylogenetic evolution of the North American Glade, and thus seemed
a potential mechanism whereby tri-segmented viruses could
re-establish a functional bi-segmented genome. Without being
limited by theory, looking at the genomic organization of the two
tri-segmented viruses it was postulated that the selection pressure
on r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat might favor recombination events in the area
of the IGR, to bring GP and NP together on the same segment, while
getting rid of GFP. In the population of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art
selection pressure should be equally high, however, the reshuffling
of GP and its positioning next to the 3'UTR should render it very
difficult if not impossible for this virus to combine its two S
segments into one functional segment (see FIG. 7 below). In account
of the caveats for the identification of RNA recombination and to
firmly discriminate it from potential cDNA contamination, we cloned
an S segment carrying GFP together with a recombinant GP ORF in
which the terminal 255 nucleotides were codon-optimized. The
resulting GP had a different nucleotide sequence but identical
translation product as the wild-type WE strain GP (WE/WET-GP, FIG.
3A). This recombinant WE/WET GP ORF did not, however, exist as an
infectious bi-segmented virus nor did the laboratory possess a cDNA
construct where it was associated with NP. Any potential
bi-segmented virus containing WE/WET on the same segment as NP was
therefore deemed clear evidence of intersegmental recombination,
differentiating such viruses from potentially contaminating cDNA or
RNA in the respective assays. To test whether the chimeric GP had
an effect on viral fitness, cell culture growth curves of the
recombinant tri-segmented virus carrying the WE/WET fusion GP
(r3LCMV-WEWET/GFP.sup.nat) were performed in comparison with a
tri-segmented virus carrying the wild-type WE GP
(r3LCMV-WE/GFP.sup.nat) (FIG. 3B). Growth kinetics and peak titers
of the two viruses were comparable (r3LCMV-WE/GFP.sup.nat:
1.7.times.10.sup.6 PFU/ml, r3LCMV-WEWET/GFP.sup.nat:
2.3.times.10.sup.6 PFU/ml). Thus the chimeric WEWET glycoprotein
did not detectably impact viral growth.
[0448] To test whether potential recombination events could happen
between the NP and GP genes of the S segment that would involve the
IGR. Hence a single nucleotide deletion was introduced in the
intergenic region of the NP-encoding S segment, to serve as a
genetic tag. The choice of this nucleotide deletion was made
because it is situated in a stretch that unlike most of the S
segment IGR is not conserved between strains, neither in sequence
nor in length. In case of a recombination event this "tagged"
(marked as * throughout, both in figures and text) intergenic
region should allow the identification of the genetic origin of the
S segment IGR sequences. The position of the deleted cytosine
(marked with an arrow) and a schematic of the resulting NP carrying
S segment is depicted in FIG. 3C. In order to test whether the
introduced deletion in the IGR had an impact on viral growth,
recombinant r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat with or without the single
nucleotide deletion was rescued. Growth curve experiments were
performed on BHK-21 cells (moi=0.01). A tri-segmented virus with a
wild-type IGR (r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat) and its comparator with the
mutated IGR (r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat IGR*) grew at a similar rate and
reached indistinguishable peak titers (FIG. 3D). Consequently the
tag of the IGR on the NP-carrying S segment did not have a
detectable impact on viral fitness, thus validating its use for
subsequent experimentation in vivo.
[0449] 5.2.4 r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat but not r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art
Persistent Infection in Mice Reaches Viremia Levels Equivalent to
Bi-Segmented Wt Virus and Results in Loss of GFP Expression
[0450] Upon rescue of the recombinant r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat an aim was
to investigate whether tri-segmented viruses recombined in vivo.
For this purpose AGRAG mice were infected with r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat,
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art or a bi-segmented r2LCMV as control. AGRAG mice
carry targeted deletions in the genes encoding for the
Interferon-.alpha./.beta. receptor, the Interferon-.gamma. receptor
and RAG1, leading to an immuno-deficient phenotype and
establishment of chronic viremia after infection with tri-segmented
LCMV. Blood samples were taken over time and viral titers were
assessed by focus forming assay (FIG. 4A). Carriers of bi-segmented
LCMV showed high titer viremia in the range of 5.times.10.sup.5
PFU/ml blood within 5 days after infection, with subsequently
stable viremia in the 10.sup.4-10.sup.5 PFU/ml range until at least
day 50 post infection. Mice infected with tri-segmented LCMV showed
viral loads of about 5.times.10.sup.3 PFU/ml blood until day 20, in
line with attenuated growth in cell culture (compared to FIG. 1D).
From day 30 onwards, carriers of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat displayed a
rise in viral loads, which was not observed in animals infected
with r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art, resulting in more than a 10-fold
difference in viremia on day 50. To determine whether the
dominating virus population still carried the GFP reporter gene,
thus resulting in GFP expression in infected cells, viral focus
formation assays with blood samples of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat and
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art carriers taken on day 127 after infection were
performed and stained for the nucleoprotein or the reporter gene
GFP (FIG. 4B). Whereas staining of blood isolated from
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art carriers resulted in equal amounts of foci with
anti-NP and anti-GFP antibody detection (both assessments
independently indicating viral titers in the 10.sup.3 PFU/ml range)
at least 100-fold higher numbers of total (NP+) r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat
foci were evident than foci expressing GFP. Viral titers of at
least 10.sup.4 PFU/ml were measured based on anti-NP detection,
whereas two out of three mice failed to show any detectable
GFP-positive infectivity and one mouse had a residual fraction of
GFP-positive foci in the 100 PFU/ml range, corresponding to the
lower limit of detection of our assays. GFP expression of infected
cells was also assessed by fluorescence microscopy (data not
shown). GFP-fluorescent foci were virtually undetectable when
assaying blood from r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat carriers whereas manual
counts of GFP-positive foci from r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art carrier blood
matched the titer results obtained with anti-NP focus forming
assay. Reporter gene expression was further verified by flow
cytometric analysis of PBMCs of infected mice on day 120 after
infection. We found that more than 10% of CD11b+GR1-
monocytes/macrophages were positive for GFP in r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art
infected animals whereas blood from r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat evidenced
only background levels of GFP, which was comparable to animals
infected with non-fluorescent r2LCMV (FIG. 4C-E). This finding
further supported the hypothesis that tri-segmented viruses with GP
in their natural position lose reporter gene expression over time
whereas transposition of the GP in the artificial 3'UTR
juxtaposition prevented transgene loss.
[0451] 5.2.5 Tri-Segmented Viruses with GP in the Natural Position
can Recombine their Two S Segments Resulting in a Single S Segment
with Partial or Complete IGR Duplications Flanking a Transgene
Sequence Rudiment
[0452] FIG. 4 showed elevated viremia and loss of reporter gene
expression in mice infected with r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat. Therefore, it
was hypothesized that a recombination event could account for this
experimental outcome. Intersegmental recombination should combine
GP and NP on the same S segment, obviating the need for a second S
segment in the viral replication cycle. Such an event could then
have explained viremia at the level of wild-type virus, in
combination with loss of reporter gene expression. To test this
possibility viral RNA from the serum of infected mice was isolated
and a pair of primers binding to NP and GP sequences, respectively,
were used to selectively amplify by RT-PCR only the putatively
recombined RNA molecules, carrying both NP and GP ORFs in ambisense
orientation on one RNA segment. The resulting PCR fragments were
analyzed by gel electrophoresis (FIG. 5A). The sera of all
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat carriers gave rise to RT-dependent PCR products,
whereas r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art carriers and naive controls did not show
specific bands. Control PCR reactions were performed on
mock-RT-treated RNA samples to rule out cDNA contaminations as a
source of PCR product. Sequencing results of three individual
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat carriers are schematically represented in FIG.
5C. The three mice contained viral RNA segments of distinct
sequences yet with a similar pattern: C-terminal portions of GP and
NP were found in ambisense orientation on one RNA segment. Between
them, both intergenic regions, i.e., the one of the NP-expressing
and the one of the original GP-expressing segment were at least
partially retained, separated by a fragment from either one or both
GFP reporter genes in the parental S segments of the trisegmented
virus. The direction and length of the GFP fragment varied between
the three RNA species recovered from individual mice, which was
indicative of independent recombination events. In further support
of this notion, the exact same recombined RNA sequence was
recovered from two consecutive samples taken from the same mouse
with more than three weeks interval between sampling. Based on the
recombined S segment sequences obtained, we proposed a molecular
mechanism, as schematically outlined in FIG. 7 and described in the
figure's legend, whereby r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat recombines its two S
segments, resulting in transgene loss and phenotypic reversion to
wild-type virus. The schematics in FIG. 7 also explain why,
according to the proposed mechanism of S segment recombination,
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art cannot recombine and bring together its NP and
GP ORFs on one functional S segment.
[0453] 5.2.6 Recombinant r2LCMV with Two IGRs on the S Segment is
Viable and Grows to Similar Titers as Bi-Segmented LCMV with Only
One IGR in the S Segment.
[0454] The above sequencing data revealed a consistent pattern of
viral genetic elements in recombined S segments amongst which the
(at least partial) duplication of the IGR was particularly
noteworthy and characteristic. However, arenaviruses with repeats
of intergenic regions on one S segment were not known. A dual stem
loop is, however, naturally found in the Old World arenavirus
Mopeia. Hence, we cloned the rearranged S segment of
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat carrier #3 with the two IGRs and the remnant of
GFP into a pol-I driven S segment expression plasmid and rescued
the respective virus. Growth kinetics of this virus (r2LCMV_2IGRs)
on BHK-21 cells were compared to tri-segmented r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat
and bi-segmented r2LCMV (FIG. 6). Infectious cell-free titers of
r2LCMV_2IGRs exceeded those of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat already at early
time points and reached identical peak titers as r2LCMV
(1.7.times.10.sup.7 PFU/ml vs. 1.6.times.10.sup.7 PFU/ml,
respectively). Importantly, r2LCMV_2IGRs grew to considerably
higher peak titers than its parental tri-segmented
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat attesting to the selective advantage of
intersegmental recombination despite duplication of the IGR during
this process.
[0455] 5.2.7 Recombinant r3LCMV Expressing Ovalbumin (OVA) Induces
a Rapid, Strong and Polyfunctional OVA-Specific CD8+ T Cell
Response.
[0456] To test the utility of the r3LCMV.sup.art vector delivery
technology for vaccination purposes we generated the
r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art vaccine vector with a genome organization
analogous to r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art (FIG. 1C) but with two ovalbumin
(OVA) genes instead of the respective GFP genes in the latter
virus. We immunized C57BL/6 mice intramuscularly (i.m.) with
10.sup.4 PFU of r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art and eight days later we analyzed
the T cell response in spleen. For comparison to a widely used
vector platform we immunized a second group of C57BL/6 mice with
10.sup.8 particles of a replication-deficient E1-deleted adenovirus
5-based vector also expressing OVA (rAd5-OVA). The frequency of
OVA-specific CD8+ T cells recognizing the immunodominant
OVA-derived SIINFEKL epitope was in the 10% range of CD8+ T cells
in the r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art vaccine group, which was significantly
higher than in the rAd5-OVA group (FIG. 8A). r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art
induced CD8+ T cell responses were not only of high magnitude but
also highly functional as determined by intracellular cytokine
assays, revealing that most SIINFEKL-reactive r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art
induced CD8+ T cells produced IFN-.gamma. in response to peptide
stimulation, and that a fair proportion co-produced TNF-.alpha.
and/or IL-2. This demonstrated the utility of the
r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art vector technology for vaccine delivery.
[0457] 5.2.8 Trisegmented LCMV Induces Polyfunctional Memory CD8+ T
Cells.
[0458] To address the question whether r3LCMV vectors induce
functional CD8+ T cell memory we immunized C57BL/6 mice with 10e5
PFU of r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art i.v. and analyzed OVA-specific
(SIINFEKL-specific) CD8+ T cell responses in spleen on day 25. A
reference control group of mice was vaccinated with 10e8 viral
particles (vp) of recombinant E1-deleted adenoviral vector (rAd)
expressing OVA by the same route. OVA-specific CD8+ T cells
producing IFN-.gamma., TNF-.alpha. and/or IL-2 upon peptide
stimulation were assessed in standard intracellular cytokine assays
upon SIINFEKL peptide stimulation. The frequency (FIG. 9A) and
absolute number (FIG. 9B) of cytokine producing cells as indicated
in the chart was determined. r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art-immune mice
exhibited significantly higher frequencies and numbers of
polyfunctional IFN-.gamma./TNF-.alpha. and
IFN-.gamma./TNF-.alpha./IL-2 co-producing OVA-specific CD8+ T cells
than rAd-OVA-immune mice.
[0459] 5.2.9 Antigen-Encoding LCMV Induces Specific T Cell
Responses to Foreign and Self Antigens.
[0460] To investigate whether r3LCMV.sup.art vectors can be
exploited to induce CD8+ T cell responses against tumor-expressed
self antigens, we immunized BALB/c mice with r3LCMV.sup.art vectors
expressing either rat (TYVPANASL), human (TYLPTNASL) or mouse
(TYLPANASL) Her2-derived CD8+ T cell epitopes (FIG. 10). Nine days
later we measured specific CD8+ T cells producing IFN-.gamma.,
TNF-.alpha. and/or IL-2 upon stimulation with the respective
peptides in intracellular cytokine assays. FIG. 10 displays the
frequencies of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells as the percentage of
CD8+ T cells producing the indicated cytokine combination upon
stimulation with the cognate peptide. Frequencies of
cytokine-producing CD8+ T cells upon restimulation with medium only
were insignificant. The results document that r3LCMV.sup.art
vectors have the capacity to induce substantial frequencies of
tumor self-antigen-reactive CD8+ T cell responses.
[0461] 5.2.10 Interferon-.alpha. is Induced Upon r3LCMV.sup.art
Infection but not Upon Infection with Recombinant Adeno- or
Vaccinia Virus Vectors.
[0462] Type I interferons can have multiple immunostimulatory and
anti-tumoral effects. Hence, type I interferon induction can
represent a favorable feature of a virally vectored vaccine. We
performed ELISA measurements to determine interferon-alpha
concentrations in the serum of mice immunized with
r3LCMV-OVA.sup.art, rAd-OVA or recombinant vaccinia virus
expressing OVA (rVacc) 24, 48 or 72 hours previously (FIG. 11).
r3LCMV.sup.art but neither rAd nor rVacc induced a detectable and
sustained (at least 48 hours) systemic interferon-alpha response.
This attested to the capacity of r3LCMV.sup.art vectors to induce
strong innate immune responses.
[0463] 5.2.11 Cell Culture Growth of r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art in
Comparison to r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat and Parental Junin Strain Candid
#1.
[0464] By analogy to the r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat and r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art
vectors, carrying a genome as outlined in FIG. 1B we engineered
r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat and r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art, consisting of
trisegmented Junin vaccine strain Candid #1-based vectors carrying
GFP genes in each one of their respective two S segments
(r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat and r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art). We tested their growth
properties in 293T cells, which we infected at multiplicity of
infection of 0.01 and collected supernatant over time (FIG. 12). We
found that r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art grew more slowly than its parental
bisegmented Junin vaccine strain Candid #1 (FIG. 12). However, it
grew more quickly than r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat, (FIG. 12). This
differential growth behavior of trisegmented Junin virus-based
vectors paralleled the growth rates of r3LCMV-GFP.sup.nat and
r3LCMV-GFP.sup.art vectors (FIG. 1D).
[0465] 5.2.12 Trisegmented JUNV are Dramatically Attenuated In
Vivo, and r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat but not r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art Loses GFP
Expression Upon Prolonged In Vivo Replication.
[0466] To investigate the genetic stability of r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat
and r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art we infected AGRAG mice
(IFN.alpha./.beta.R-/-, IFN.gamma.R-/-, RAG-/-) with 7.times.10e4
PFU of either of these GFP-expressing vectors. For the purpose of
comparison, a third group was infected with the wild type
bisegmented Candid #1 virus. The latter virus was readily detected
in the blood of all infected mice by day 20 after infection (FIG.
13A), whereas the trisegmented viruses remained undetectable for at
least 40 days. This finding documented attenuated in vivo growth as
a result of genome reorganization, extending our findings with
r3LCMV-GFP vectors in FIG. 4A to Junin-based vectors. After day 40,
also r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat and r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art became detectable in
several animals in each group (FIG. 13A). Importantly, however,
some of the r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat-infected mice reached viral loads in
the range of wild type Candid #1-infected mice whereas viremic
r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art-infected mice retained lower viral load than
Candid #1-infected controls.
[0467] To determine whether the dominating virus population in
these viremic animals still carried the GFP reporter gene, thus
resulting in GFP expression in infected cells, we performed viral
focus formation assays with blood samples of r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat and
r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art carriers taken on day 120 after infection. We
compared infectious titers of viruses retaining GFP expression
(anti-GFP, FIG. 13B) and total Junin virus infectivity (anti-NP,
FIG. 13B). r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art titers were in similar ranges when
determined by either anti-GFP or anti-NP Immunofocus assay
documenting that the majority of the virus population retained GFP
expression. Conversely, in the blood of the four r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat
infected animals with highest viremia (comparable to wildtype
Candid #1) the anti-GFP infectious titer was at least 10 fold lower
than the total infectious titer as determined by NP staining. This
documented that r3JUNV-GFP.sup.art but not r3JUNV-GFP.sup.nat
stably retained the GFP transgene in vivo.
[0468] 5.2.13 Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Combinations
of Trisegmented LCMV- and JUNV-Based Vaccine Vectors Induce Strong
P1A Autoantigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Responses.
[0469] Next we investigated whether r3LCMV.sup.art- and
r3JUNV.sup.art-based vectors can be used in homologous and
heterologous prime-boost combinations for inducing tumor
autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. We constructed
r3LCMV.sup.art and r3JUNV.sup.art-based vectors expressing the P815
mouse mastocytoma-derived self antigen PIA (SEQ ID NO: 24)
(r3LCMV-P1A.sup.art (SEQ ID NOs: 18, 19, 20) and r3JUNV-P1A.sup.art
(SEQ ID NOs: 21, 22, 23)). These vaccine constructs were used to
immunize BALB/c mice i.v. in homologous and heterologous
prime-boost combinations as outlined in FIG. 14. Both,
r3LCMV-P1A.sup.art and r3JUNV-P1A.sup.art induced PIA
epitope-specific CD8+ T cells when administered in homologous
prime-boost vaccination, as determined from blood using
H-2L.sup.d-tetramers loaded with the LPYLGWLVF peptide (PIA epitope
35-43). Mean frequencies of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells on day 63
of the experiment were 1.2% (r3JUNV-P1A.sup.art) and 3.9%
(r3LCMV-P1A.sup.art), respectively. Additionally, animals primed
with r3JUNV-P1A.sup.art and boosted with r3LCMV-P1A.sup.art in a
heterologous fashion mounted even higher responses with average
epitope-specific CD8+ T cell frequencies of 19.5% on day 63.
Frequencies of r3LCMV-P1A.sup.art-primed and
r3JUNV-P1A.sup.art-boosted animals (3.1%) were comparable to those
undergoing r3LCMV-P1A.sup.art homologous prime-boost
vaccination.
6. EQUIVALENTS
[0470] The viruses, nucleic acids, methods, host cells, and
compositions disclosed herein are not to be limited in scope by the
specific embodiments described herein. Indeed, various
modifications of the viruses, nucleic acids, methods, host cells,
and compositions in addition to those described will become
apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description
and accompanying figures. Such modifications are intended to fall
within the scope of the appended claims.
[0471] Various publications, patents and patent applications are
cited herein, the disclosures of which are incorporated by
reference in their entireties.
[0472] Various publications, patents and patent applications are
cited herein, the disclosures of which are incorporated by
reference in their entireties.
7. SEQUENCE LISTING
TABLE-US-00007 [0473] SEQ ID NO. Description Sequence 1 LCMV
segment S, cgcaccgggg atcctaggct ttttggattg complete sequence.
cgctttcctc tagatcaact gggtgtcagg 60 The genomic segment ccctatccta
cagaaggatg ggtcagattg is RNA, the sequence tgacaatgtt tgaggctctg
cctcacatca 120 in SEQ ID NO: 1 is tcgatgaggt gatcaacatt gtcattattg
shown for DNA; tgcttatcgt gatcacgggt atcaaggctg 180 however,
exchanging tctacaattt tgccacctgt gggatattcg all thymidines ("T")
cattgatcag tttcctactt ctggctggca 240 in SEQ ID NO: 1 for ggtcctgtgg
catgtacggt cttaagggac uridines ("U") ccgacattta caaaggagtt
taccaattta 300 provides the RNA agtcagtgga gtttgatatg tcacatctga
sequence. acctgaccat gcccaacgca tgttcagcca 360 acaactccca
ccattacatc agtatgggga cttctggact agaattgacc ttcaccaatg 420
attccatcat cagtcacaac ttttgcaatc tgacctctgc cttcaacaaa aagacctttg
480 accacacact catgagtata gtttcgagcc tacacctcag tatcagaggg
aactccaact 540 ataaggcagt atcctgcgac ttcaacaatg gcataaccat
ccaatacaac ttgacattct 600 cagatcgaca aagtgctcag agccagtgta
gaaccttcag aggtagagtc ctagatatgt 660 ttagaactgc cttcgggggg
aaatacatga ggagtggctg gggctggaca ggctcagatg 720 gcaagaccac
ctggtgtagc cagacgagtt accaatacct gattatacaa aatagaacct 780
gggaaaacca ctgcacatat gcaggtcctt ttgggatgtc caggattctc ctttcccaag
840 agaagactaa gttcttcact aggagactag cgggcacatt cacctggact
ttgtcagact 900 cttcaggggt ggagaatcca ggtggttatt gcctgaccaa
atggatgatt cttgctgcag 960 agcttaagtg tttcgggaac acagcagttg
cgaaatgcaa tgtaaatcat gatgccgaat 1020 tctgtgacat gctgcgacta
attgactaca acaaggctgc tttgagtaag ttcaaagagg 1080 acgtagaatc
tgccttgcac ttattcaaaa caacagtgaa ttctttgatt tcagatcaac 1140
tactgatgag gaaccacttg agagatctga tgggggtgcc atattgcaat tactcaaagt
1200 tttggtacct agaacatgca aagaccggcg aaactagtgt ccccaagtgc
tggcttgtca 1260 ccaatggttc ttacttaaat gagacccact tcagtgatca
aatcgaacag gaagccgata 1320 acatgattac agagatgttg aggaaggatt
acataaagag gcaggggagt acccccctag 1380 cattgatgga ccttctgatg
ttttccacat ctgcatatct agtcagcatc ttcctgcacc 1440 ttgtcaaaat
accaacacac aggcacataa aaggtggctc atgtccaaag ccacaccgat 1500
taaccaacaa aggaatttgt agttgtggtg catttaaggt gcctggtgta aaaaccgtct
1560 ggaaaagacg ctgaagaaca gcgcctccct gactctccac ctcgaaagag
gtggagagtc 1620 agggaggccc agagggtctt agagtgtcac aacatttggg
cctctaaaaa ttaggtcatg 1680 tggcagaatg ttgtgaacag ttttcagatc
tgggagcctt gctttggagg cgctttcaaa 1740 aatgatgcag tccatgagtg
cacagtgcgg ggtgatctct ttcttctttt tgtcccttac 1800 tattccagta
tgcatcttac acaaccagcc atatttgtcc cacactttgt cttcatactc 1860
cctcgaagct tccctggtca tttcaacatc gataagctta atgtccttcc tattctgtga
1920 gtccagaagc tttctgatgt catcggagcc ttgacagctt agaaccatcc
cctgcggaag 1980 agcacctata actgacgagg tcaacccggg ttgcgcattg
aagaggtcgg caagatccat 2040 gccgtgtgag tacttggaat cttgcttgaa
ttgtttttga tcaacgggtt ccctgtaaaa 2100 gtgtatgaac tgcccgttct
gtggttggaa aattgctatt tccactggat cattaaatct 2160 accctcaatg
tcaatccatg taggagcgtt ggggtcaatt cctcccatga ggtcttttaa 2220
aagcattgtc tggctgtagc ttaagcccac ctgaggtgga cctgctgctc caggcgctgg
2280 cctgggtgaa ttgactgcag gtttctcgct tgtgagatca attgttgtgt
tttcccatgc 2340 tctccccaca atcgatgttc tacaagctat gtatggccat
ccttcacctg aaaggcaaac 2400 tttatagagg atgttttcat aagggttcct
gtccccaact tggtctgaaa caaacatgtt 2460 gagttttctc ttggccccga
gaactgcctt caagaggtcc tcgctgttgc ttggcttgat 2520 caaaattgac
tctaacatgt tacccccatc caacagggct gcccctgcct tcacggcagc 2580
accaagacta aagttatagc cagaaatgtt gatgctggac tgctgttcag tgatgacccc
2640 cagaactggg tgcttgtctt tcagcctttc aagatcatta agatttggat
acttgactgt 2700 gtaaagcaag ccaaggtctg tgagcgcttg tacaacgtca
ttgagcggag tctgtgactg 2760 tttggccata caagccatag ttagacttgg
cattgtgcca aattgattgt tcaaaagtga 2820 tgagtctttc acatcccaaa
ctcttaccac accacttgca ccctgctgag gctttctcat 2880 cccaactatc
tgtaggatct gagatctttg gtctagttgc tgtgttgtta agttccccat 2940
atatacccct gaagcctggg gcctttcaga cctcatgatc ttggccttca gcttctcaag
3000 gtcagccgca agagacatca gttcttctgc actgagcctc cccactttca
aaacattctt 3060 ctttgatgtt gactttaaat ccacaagaga atgtacagtc
tggttgagac ttctgagtct 3120 ctgtaggtct ttgtcatctc tcttttcctt
cctcatgatc ctctgaacat tgctgacctc 3180 agagaagtcc aacccattca
gaaggttggt tgcatcctta atgacagcag ccttcacatc 3240 tgatgtgaag
ctctgcaatt ctcttctcaa tgcttgcgtc cattggaagc tcttaacttc 3300
cttagacaag gacatcttgt tgctcaatgg tttctcaaga caaatgcgca atcaaatgcc
3360 taggatccac tgtgcg 2 LCMV clone 13 gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc
tttttggatt segment S, complete gcgctttcct ctagatcaac tgggtgtcag 60
sequence (GenBank: gccctatcct acagaaggat gggtcagatt DQ361065.2).
The gtgacaatgt ttgaggctct gcctcacatc 120 genomic segment is
atcgatgagg tgatcaacat tgtcattatt RNA, the sequence in gtgcttatcg
tgatcacggg tatcaaggct 180 SEQ ID NO: 2 is gtctacaatt ttgccacctg
tgggatattc shown for DNA; gcattgatca gtttcctact tctggctggc 240
however, exchanging aggtcctgtg gcatgtacgg tcttaaggga all thymidines
("T") cccgacattt acaaaggagt ttaccaattt 300 in SEQ ID NO: 2 for
aagtcagtgg agtttgatat gtcacatctg uridines ("U") aacctgacca
tgcccaacgc atgttcagcc 360 provides the RNA aacaactccc accattacat
cagtatgggg sequence. acttctggac tagaattgac cttcaccaat 420
gattccatca tcagtcacaa cttttgcaat ctgacctctg ccttcaacaa aaagaccttt
480 gaccacacac tcatgagtat agtttcgagc ctacacctca gtatcagagg
gaactccaac 540 tataaggcag tatcctgcga cttcaacaat ggcataacca
tccaatacaa cttgacattc 600 tcagatgcac aaagtgctca gagccagtgt
agaaccttca gaggtagagt cctagatatg 660 tttagaactg ccttcggggg
gaaatacatg aggagtggct ggggctggac aggctcagat 720 ggcaagacca
cctggtgtag ccagacgagt taccaatacc tgattataca aaatagaacc 780
tgggaaaacc actgcacata tgcaggtcct tttgggatgt ccaggattct cctttcccaa
840 gagaagacta agttcctcac taggagacta gcgggcacat tcacctggac
tttgtcagac 900 tcttcagggg tggagaatcc aggtggttat tgcctgacca
aatggatgat tcttgctgca 960 gagcttaagt gtttcgggaa cacagcagtt
gcgaaatgca atgtaaatca tgatgaagaa 1020 ttctgtgaca tgctgcgact
aattgactac aacaaggctg ctttgagtaa gttcaaagag 1080 gacgtagaat
ctgccttgca cttattcaaa acaacagtga attctttgat ttcagatcaa 1140
ctactgatga ggaaccactt gagagatctg atgggggtgc catattgcaa ttactcaaag
1200 ttttggtacc tagaacatgc aaagaccggc gaaactagtg tccccaagtg
ctggcttgtc 1260 accaatggtt cttacttaaa tgagacccac ttcagtgacc
aaatcgaaca ggaagccgat 1320 aacatgatta cagagatgtt gaggaaggat
tacataaaga ggcaggggag taccccccta 1380 gcattgatgg accttctgat
gttttccaca tctgcatatc tagtcagcat cttcctgcac 1440 cttgtcaaaa
taccaacaca caggcacata aaaggtggct catgtccaaa gccacaccga 1500
ttaaccaaca aaggaatttg tagttgtggt gcatttaagg tgcctggtgt aaaaaccgtc
1560 tggaaaagac gctgaagaac agcgcctccc tgactctcca cctcgaaaga
ggtggagagt 1620 cagggaggcc cagagggtct tagagtgtca caacatttgg
gcctctaaaa attaggtcat 1680 gtggcagaat gttgtgaaca gttttcagat
ctgggagcct tgctttggag gcgctttcaa 1740 aaatgatgca gtccatgagt
gcacagtgcg gggtgatctc tttcttcttt ttgtccctta 1800 ctattccagt
atgcatctta cacaaccagc catatttgtc ccacactttg tcttcatact 1860
ccctcgaagc ttccctggtc atttcaacat cgataagctt aatgtccttc ctattctgtg
1920 agtccagaag ctttctgatg tcatcggagc cttgacagct tagaaccatc
ccctgcggaa 1980 gagcacctat aactgacgag gtcaacccgg gttgcgcatt
gaagaggtcg gcaagatcca 2040 tgccgtgtga gtacttggaa tcttgcttga
attgtttttg atcaacgggt tccctgtaaa 2100 agtgtatgaa ctgcccgttc
tgtggttgga aaattgctat ttccactgga tcattaaatc 2160 taccctcaat
gtcaatccat gtaggagcgt tggggtcaat tcctcccatg aggtctttta 2220
aaagcattgt ctggctgtag cttaagccca cctgaggtgg acctgctgct ccaggcgctg
2280 gcctgggtga attgactgca ggtttctcgc ttgtgagatc aattgttgtg
ttttcccatg 2340 ctctccccac aatcgatgtt ctacaagcta tgtatggcca
tccttcacct gaaaggcaaa 2400 ctttatagag gatgttttca taagggttcc
tgtccccaac ttggtctgaa acaaacatgt 2460 tgagttttct cttggccccg
agaactgcct tcaagaggtc ctcgctgttg cttggcttga 2520 tcaaaattga
ctctaacatg ttacccccat ccaacagggc tgcccctgcc ttcacggcag 2580
caccaagact aaagttatag ccagaaatgt tgatgctgga ctgctgttca gtgatgaccc
2640 ccagaactgg gtgcttgtct ttcagccttt caagatcatt aagatttgga
tacttgactg 2700 tgtaaagcaa gccaaggtct gtgagcgctt gtacaacgtc
attgagcgga gtctgtgact 2760 gtttggccat acaagccata gttagacttg
gcattgtgcc aaattgattg ttcaaaagtg 2820 atgagtcttt cacatcccaa
actcttacca caccacttgc accctgctga ggctttctca 2880 tcccaactat
ctgtaggatc tgagatcttt ggtctagttg ctgtgttgtt aagttcccca 2940
tatatacccc tgaagcctgg ggcctttcag acctcatgat cttggccttc agcttctcaa
3000 ggtcagccgc aagagacatc agttcttctg cactgagcct ccccactttc
aaaacattct 3060 tctttgatgt tgactttaaa tccacaagag aatgtacagt
ctggttgaga cttctgagtc 3120 tctgtaggtc tttgtcatct ctcttttcct
tcctcatgat cctctgaaca ttgctgacct 3180 cagagaagtc caacccattc
agaaggttgg ttgcatcctt aatgacagca gccttcacat 3240 ctgatgtgaa
gctctgcaat tctcttctca atgcttgcgt ccattggaag ctcttaactt 3300
ccttagacaa ggacatcttg ttgctcaatg gtttctcaag acaaatgcgc aatcaaatgc
3360 ctaggatcca ctgtgcg 3 LCMV clone 13 gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc
gtttagttgc segment L, complete gctgtttggt tgcacaactt tcttcgtgag 60
sequence (GenBank: gctgtcagaa gtggacctgg ctgatagcga DQ361066.1).
The tgggtcaagg caagtccaga gaggagaaag 120 genomic segment is
gcaccaatag tacaaacagg gccgaaatcc RNA, the sequence in taccagatac
cacctatctt ggccctttaa 180 SEQ ID NO: 3 is gctgcaaatc ttgctggcag
aaatttgaca shown for DNA; gcttggtaag atgccatgac cactaccttt 240
however, exchanging gcaggcactg tttaaacctt ctgctgtcag all thymidines
("T") tatccgacag gtgtcctctt tgtaaatatc 300 in SEQ ID NO: 3 for
cattaccaac cagattgaag atatcaacag uridines ("U") ccccaagctc
tccacctccc tacgaagagt 360 provides the RNA aacaccgtcc ggccccggcc
ccgacaaaca sequence. gcccagcaca agggaaccgc acgtcaccca 420
acgcacacag acacagcacc caacacagaa cacgcacaca cacacacaca cacacccaca
480
cgcacgcgcc cccaccaccg gggggcgccc ccccccgggg ggcggccccc cgggagcccg
540 ggcggagccc cacggagatg cccatcagtc gatgtcctcg gccaccgacc
cgcccagcca 600 atcgtcgcag gacctcccct tgagtctaaa cctgcccccc
actgtttcat acatcaaagt 660 gctcctagat ttgctaaaac aaagtctgca
atccttaaag gcgaaccagt ctggcaaaag 720 cgacagtgga atcagcagaa
tagatctgtc tatacatagt tcctggagga ttacacttat 780 ctctgaaccc
aacaaatgtt caccagttct gaatcgatgc aggaagaggt tcccaaggac 840
atcactaatc ttttcatagc cctcaagtcc tgctagaaag actttcatgt ccttggtctc
900 cagcttcaca atgatatttt ggacaaggtt tcttccttca aaaagggcac
ccatctttac 960 agtcagtggc acaggctccc actcaggtcc aactctctca
aagtcaatag atctaatccc 1020 atccagtatt cttttggagc ccaacaactc
aagctcaaga gaatcaccaa gtatcaaggg 1080 atcttccatg taatcctcaa
actcttcaga tctgatatca aagacaccat cgttcacctt 1140 gaagacagag
tctgtcctca gtaagtggag gcattcatcc aacattcttc tatctatctc 1200
acccttaaag aggtgagagc atgataaaag ttcagccaca cctggattct gtaattggca
1260 cctaaccaag aatatcaatg aaaatttcct taaacagtca gtattattct
gattgtgcgt 1320 aaagtccact gaaattgaaa actccaatac cccttttgtg
tagttgagca tgtagtccca 1380 cagatccttt aaggatttaa atgcctttgg
gtttgtcagg ccctgcctaa tcaacatggc 1440 agcattacac acaacatctc
ccattcggta agagaaccac ccaaaaccaa actgcaaatc 1500 attcctaaac
ataggcctct ccacattttt gttcaccacc tttgagacaa atgattgaaa 1560
ggggcccagt gcctcagcac catcttcaga tggcatcatt tctttatgag ggaaccatga
1620 aaaattgcct aatgtcctgg ttgttgcaac aaattctcga acaaatgatt
caaaatacac 1680 ctgttttaag aagttcttgc agacatccct cgtgctaaca
acaaattcat caaccagact 1740 ggagtcagat cgctgatgag aattggcaag
gtcagaaaac agaacagtgt aatgttcatc 1800 ccttttccac ttaacaacat
gagaaatgag tgacaaggat tctgagttaa tatcaattaa 1860 aacacagagg
tcaaggaatt taattctggg actccacctc atgttttttg agctcatgtc 1920
agacataaat ggaagaagct gatcctcaaa gatcttggga tatagccgcc tcacagattg
1980 aatcacttgg ttcaaattca ctttgtcctc cagtagcctt gagctctcag
gctttcttgc 2040 tacataatca catgggttta agtgcttaag agttaggttc
tcactgttat tcttcccttt 2100 ggtcggttct gctaggaccc aaacacccaa
ctcaaaagag ttgctcaatg aaatacaaat 2160 gtagtcccaa agaagaggcc
ttaaaaggca tatatgatca cggtgggctt ctggatgaga 2220 ctgtttgtca
caaatgtaca gcgttatacc atcccgattg caaactcttg tcacatgatc 2280
atctgtggtt agatcctcaa gcagcttttt gatatacaga ttttccctat ttttgtttct
2340 cacacacctg cttcctagag ttttgcaaag gcctataaag ccagatgaga
tacaactctg 2400 gaaagctgac ttgttgattg cttctgacag cagcttctgt
gcaccccttg tgaatttact 2460 acaaagtttg ttctggagtg tcttgatcaa
tgatgggatt ctttcctctt ggaaagtcat 2520 cactgatgga taaaccacct
tttgtcttaa aaccatcctt aatgggaaca tttcattcaa 2580 attcaaccag
ttaacatctg ctaactgatt cagatcttct tcaagaccga ggaggtctcc 2640
caattgaaga atggcctcct ttttatctct gttaaatagg tctaagaaaa attcttcatt
2700 aaattcacca tttttgagct tatgatgcag tttccttaca agctttctta
caacctttgt 2760 ttcattagga cacagttcct caatgagtct ttgtattctg
taacctctag aaccatccag 2820 ccaatctttc acatcagtgt tggtattcag
tagaaatgga tccaaaggga aattggcata 2880 ctttaggagg tccagtgttc
tcctttggat actattaact agggagactg ggacgccatt 2940 tgcgatggct
tgatctgcaa ttgtatctat tgtttcacaa agttgatgtg gctctttaca 3000
cttgacattg tgtagcgctg cagatacaaa ctttgtgaga agagggactt cctcccccca
3060 tacatagaat ctagatttaa attctgcagc gaacctccca gccacacttt
ttgggctgat 3120 aaatttgttt aacaagccgc tcagatgaga ttggaattcc
aacaggacaa ggacttcctc 3180 cggatcactt acaaccaggt cactcagcct
cctatcaaat aaagtgatct gatcatcact 3240 tgatgtgtaa gcctctggtc
tttcgccaaa gataacacca atgcagtagt tgatgaacct 3300 ctcgctaagc
aaaccataga agtcagaagc attatgcaag attccctgcc ccatatcaat 3360
aaggctggat atatgggatg gcactatccc catttcaaaa tattgtctga aaattctctc
3420 agtaacagtt gtttctgaac ccctgagaag ttttagcttc gacttgacat
atgatttcat 3480 cattgcattc acaacaggaa aggggacctc gacaagctta
tgcatgtgcc aagttaacaa 3540 agtgctaaca tgatctttcc cggaacgcac
atactggtca tcacctagtt tgagattttg 3600 tagaaacatt aagaacaaaa
atgggcacat cattggtccc catttgctgt gatccatact 3660 atagtttaag
aacccttccc gcacattgat agtcattgac aagattgcat tttcaaattc 3720
cttatcattg tttaaacagg agcctgaaaa gaaacttgaa aaagactcaa aataatcttc
3780 tattaacctt gtgaacattt ttgtcctcaa atctccaata tagagttctc
tatttccccc 3840 aacctgctct ttataagata gtgcaaattt cagccttcca
gagtcaggac ctactgaggt 3900 gtatgatgtt ggtgattctt ctgagtagaa
gcacagattt ttcaaagcag cactcataca 3960 ttgtgtcaac gacagagctt
tactaaggga ctcagaatta ctttccctct cactgattct 4020 cacgtcttct
tccagtttgt cccagtcaaa tttgaaattc aagccttgcc tttgcatatg 4080
cctgtatttc cctgagtacg catttgcatt catttgcaac agaatcatct tcatgcaaga
4140 aaaccaatca ttctcagaaa agaactttct acaaaggttt tttgccatct
catcgaggcc 4200 acactgatct ttaatgactg aggtgaaata caaaggtgac
agctctgtgg aaccctcaac 4260 agcctcacag ataaatttca tgtcatcatt
ggttagacat gatgggtcaa agtcttctac 4320 taaatggaaa gatatttctg
acaagataac ttttcttaag tgagccatct tccctgttag 4380 aataagctgt
aaatgatgta gtccttttgt atttgtaagt ttttctccat ctcctttgtc 4440
attggccctc ctacctcttc tgtaccgtgc tattgtggtg ttgacctttt cttcgagact
4500 tttgaagaag cttgtctctt cttctccatc aaaacatatt tctgccaggt
tgtcttccga 4560 tctccctgtc tcttctccct tggaaccgat gaccaatcta
gagactaact tggaaacttt 4620 atattcatag tctgagtggc tcaacttata
cttttgtttt cttacgaaac tctccgtaat 4680 ttgactcaca gcactaacaa
gcaatttgtt aaagtcatat tccagaagtc gttctccatt 4740 tagatgctta
ttaaccacca cacttttgtt actagcaaga tctaatgctg tcgcacatcc 4800
agagttagtc atgggatcta ggctgtttag cttcttctct cctttgaaaa ttaaagtgcc
4860 gttgttaaat gaagacacca ttaggctaaa ggcttccaga ttaacacctg
gagttgtatg 4920 ctgacagtca atttctttac tagtgaatct cttcatttgc
tcatagaaca cacattcttc 4980 ctcaggagtg attgcttcct tggggttgac
aaaaaaacca aattgacttt tgggctcaaa 5040 gaacttttca aaacatttta
tctgatctgt tagcctgtca ggggtctcct ttgtgatcaa 5100 atgacacagg
tatgacacat tcaacataaa tttaaatttt gcactcaaca acaccttctc 5160
accagtacca aaaatagttt ttattaggaa tctaagcagc ttatacacca ccttctcagc
5220 aggtgtgatc agatcctccc tcaacttatc cattaatgat gtagatgaaa
aatctgacac 5280 tattgccatc accaaatatc tgacactctg tacctgcttt
tgatttctct ttgttgggtt 5340 ggtgagcatt agcaacaata gggtcctcag
tgcaacctca atgtcggtga gacagtcttt 5400 caaatcagga catgatctaa
tccatgaaat catgatgtct atcatattgt ataagacctc 5460 atctgaaaaa
attggtaaaa agaacctttt aggatctgca tagaaggaaa ttaaatgacc 5520
atccgggcct tgtatggagt agcaccttga agattctcca gtcttctggt ataataggtg
5580 gtattcttca gagtccagtt ttattacttg gcaaaacact tctttgcatt
ctaccacttg 5640 atatctcaca gaccctattt gattttgcct tagtctagca
actgagctag ttttcatact 5700 gtttgttaag gccagacaaa cagatgataa
tcttctcagg ctctgtatgt tcttcagctg 5760 ctctgtgctg ggttggaaat
tgtaatcttc aaacttcgta taatacatta tcgggtgagc 5820 tccaattttc
ataaagttct caaattcagt gaatggtatg tggcattctt gctcaaggtg 5880
ttcagacagt ccgtaatgct cgaaactcag tcccaccact aacaggcatt tttgaatttt
5940 tgcaatgaac tcactaatag atgccctaaa caattcctca aaagacacct
ttctaaacac 6000 ctttgacttt tttctattcc tcaaaagtct aatgaactcc
tctttagtgc tgtgaaagct 6060 taccagccta tcattcacac tactatagca
acaacccacc cagtgtttat cattttttaa 6120 ccctttgaat ttcgactgtt
ttatcaatga ggaaagacac aaaacatcca gatttaacaa 6180 ctgtctcctt
ctagtattca acagtttcaa actcttgact ttgtttaaca tagagaggag 6240
cctctcatat tcagtgctag tctcacttcc cctttcgtgc ccatgggtct ctgcagttat
6300 gaatctcatc aaaggacagg attcgactgc ctccctgctt aatgttaaga
tatcatcact 6360 atcagcaagg ttttcataga gctcagagaa ttccttgatc
aagccttcag ggtttacttt 6420 ctgaaagttt ctctttaatt tcccactttc
taaatctctt ctaaacctgc tgaaaagaga 6480 gtttattcca aaaaccacat
catcacagct catgttgggg ttgatgcctt cgtggcacat 6540 cctcataatt
tcatcattgt gagttgacct cgcatctttc agaattttca tagagtccat 6600
accggagcgc ttgtcgatag tagtcttcag ggactcacag agtctaaaat attcagactc
6660 ttcaaagact ttctcatttt ggttagaata ctccaaaagt ttgaataaaa
ggtctctaaa 6720 tttgaagttt gcccactctg gcataaaact attatcataa
tcacaacgac catctactat 6780 tggaactaat gtgacacccg caacagcaag
gtcttccctg atgcatgcca atttgttagt 6840 gtcctctata aatttcttct
caaaactggc tggagtgctc ctaacaaaac actcaagaag 6900 aatgagagaa
ttgtctatca gcttgtaacc atcaggaatg ataagtggta gtcctgggca 6960
tacaattcca gactccacca aaattgtttc cacagactta tcgtcgtggt tgtgtgtgca
7020 gccactcttg tctgcactgt ctatttcaat gcagcgtgac agcaacttga
gtccctcaat 7080 cagaaccatt ctgggttccc tttgtcccag aaagttgagt
ttctgccttg acaacctctc 7140 atcctgttct atatagttta aacataactc
tctcaattct gagatgattt catccattgc 7200 gcatcaaaaa gcctaggatc
ctcggtgcg 7229 4 LCMV strain MP gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc atttttgttg
segment L, complete cgcattttgt tgtgttattt gttgcacagc 60 sequence.
The ccttcatcgt gggaccttca caaacaaacc genomic segment is aaaccaccag
ccatgggcca aggcaagtcc 120 RNA, the sequence in aaagagggaa
gggatgccag caatacgagc SEQ ID NO: 4 is shown agagctgaaa ttctgccaga
caccacctat 180 for DNA; however, ctcggacctc tgaactgcaa gtcatgctgg
exchanging all cagagatttg acagtttagt cagatgccat 240 thymidines
("T") in gaccactatc tctgcagaca ctgcctgaac SEQ ID NO: 4 for
ctcctgctgt cagtctccga caggtgccct 300 uridines ("U") ctctgcaaac
atccattgcc aaccaaactg provides the RNA aaaatatcca cggccccaag
ctctccaccc 360 sequence. ccttacgagg agtgacgccc cgagccccaa
caccgacaca aggaggccac caacacaacg 420 cccaacacgg aacacacaca
cacacaccca cacacacatc cacacacacg cgcccccaca 480 acgggggcgc
ccccccgggg gtggcccccc gggtgctcgg gcggagcccc acggagaggc 540
caattagtcg atctcctcga ccaccgactt ggtcagccag tcatcacagg acttgccctt
600 aagtctgtac ttgcccacaa ctgtttcata catcaccgtg ttctttgact
tactgaaaca 660 tagcctacag tctttgaaag tgaaccagtc aggcacaagt
gacagcggta ccagtagaat 720 ggatctatct atacacaact cttggagaat
tgtgctaatt tccgacccct gtagatgctc 780 accagttctg aatcgatgta
gaagaaggct cccaaggacg tcatcaaaat ttccataacc 840 ctcgagctct
gccaagaaaa ctctcatatc cttggtctcc agtttcacaa cgatgttctg 900
aacaaggctt cttccctcaa aaagagcacc cattctcaca gtcaagggca caggctccca
960 ttcaggccca atcctctcaa aatcaaggga tctgatcccg tccagtattt
tccttgagcc 1020 tatcagctca agctcaagag agtcaccgag tatcaggggg
tcctccatat agtcctcaaa 1080 ctcttcagac ctaatgtcaa aaacaccatc
gttcaccttg aagatagagt ctgatctcaa 1140 caggtggagg cattcgtcca
agaaccttct gtccacctca cctttaaaga ggtgagagca 1200 tgataggaac
tcagctacac ctggaccttg taactggcac ttcactaaaa agatcaatga 1260
aaacttcctc aaacaatcag tgttattctg gttgtgagtg aaatctactg taattgagaa
1320 ctctagcact ccctctgtat tatttatcat gtaatcccac aagtttctca
aagacttgaa 1380 tgcctttgga tttgtcaagc cttgtttgat tagcatggca
gcattgcaca caatatctcc 1440 caatcggtaa gagaaccatc caaatccaaa
ttgcaagtca ttcctaaaca tgggcctctc 1500 catatttttg ttcactactt
ttaagatgaa tgattggaaa ggccccaatg cttcagcgcc 1560 atcttcagat
ggcatcatgt ctttatgagg gaaccatgaa aaacttccta gagttctgct 1620
tgttgctaca aattctcgta caaatgactc aaaatacact tgttttaaaa agtttttgca
1680 gacatccctt gtactaacga caaattcatc aacaaggctt gagtcagagc
gctgatggga 1740 atttacaaga tcagaaaata gaacagtgta gtgttcgtcc
ctcttccact taactacatg 1800 agaaatgagc gataaagatt ctgaattgat
atcgatcaat acgcaaaggt caaggaattt 1860 gattctggga ctccatctca
tgttttttga gctcatatca gacatgaagg gaagcagctg 1920 atcttcatag
attttagggt acaatcgcct cacagattgg attacatggt ttaaacttat 1980
cttgtcctcc agtagccttg aactctcagg cttccttgct acataatcac atgggttcaa
2040 gtgcttgagg cttgagcttc cctcattctt ccctttcaca ggttcagcta
agacccaaac 2100 acccaactca aaggaattac tcagtgagat gcaaatatag
tcccaaagga ggggcctcaa 2160 gagactgatg tggtcgcagt gagcttctgg
atgactttgc ctgtcacaaa tgtacaacat 2220 tatgccatca tgtctgtgga
ttgctgtcac atgcgcatcc atagctagat cctcaagcac 2280 ttttctaatg
tatagattgt ccctattttt atttctcaca catctacttc ccaaagtttt 2340
gcaaagacct ataaagcctg atgagatgca actttgaaag gctgacttat tgattgcttc
2400 tgacagcaac ttctgtgcac ctcttgtgaa cttactgcag agcttgttct
ggagtgtctt 2460 gattaatgat gggattcttt cctcttggaa agtcattact
gatggataaa ccactttctg 2520 cctcaagacc attcttaatg ggaacaactc
attcaaattc agccaattta tgtttgccaa 2580 ttgacttaga tcctcttcga
ggccaaggat gtttcccaac tgaagaatgg cttccttttt 2640 atccctattg
aagaggtcta agaagaattc ttcattgaac tcaccattct tgagcttatg 2700
atgtagtctc cttacaagcc ttctcatgac cttcgtttca ctaggacaca attcttcaat
2760 aagcctttgg attctgtaac ctctagagcc atccaaccaa tccttgacat
cagtattagt 2820 gttaagcaaa aatgggtcca agggaaagtt ggcatatttt
aagaggtcta atgttctctt 2880 ctggatgcag tttaccaatg aaactggaac
accatttgca acagcttgat cggcaattgt 2940 atctattgtt tcacagagtt
ggtgtggctc tttacactta acgttgtgta atgctgctga 3000 cacaaatttt
gttaaaagtg ggacctcttc cccccacaca taaaatctgg atttaaattc 3060
tgcagcaaat cgccccacca cacttttcgg actgatgaac ttgttaagca agccactcaa
3120 atgagaatga aattccagca atacaaggac ttcctcaggg tcactatcaa
ccagttcact 3180 caatctccta tcaaataagg tgatctgatc atcacttgat
gtgtaagatt ctggtctctc 3240 accaaaaatg acaccgatac aataattaat
gaatctctca ctgattaagc cgtaaaagtc 3300 agaggcatta tgtaagattc
cctgtcccat gtcaatgaga ctgcttatat gggaaggcac 3360 tattcctaat
tcaaaatatt ctcgaaagat tctttcagtc acagttgtct ctgaacccct 3420
aagaagtttc agctttgatt tgatatatga tttcatcatt gcattcacaa caggaaaagg
3480 gacctcaaca agtttgtgca tgtgccaagt taataaggtg ctgatatgat
cctttccgga 3540 acgcacatac tggtcatcac ccagtttgag attttgaagg
agcattaaaa acaaaaatgg 3600 gcacatcatt ggcccccatt tgctatgatc
catactgtag ttcaacaacc cctctcgcac 3660 attgatggtc attgatagaa
ttgcattttc aaattctttg tcattgttta agcatgaacc 3720 tgagaagaag
ctagaaaaag actcaaaata atcctctatc aatcttgtaa acatttttgt 3780
tctcaaatcc ccaatataaa gttctctgtt tcctccaacc tgctctttgt atgataacgc
3840 aaacttcaac cttccggaat caggaccaac tgaagtgtat gacgttggtg
actcctctga 3900 gtaaaaacat aaattcttta aagcagcact catgcatttt
gtcaatgata gagccttact 3960 tagagactca gaattacttt ccctttcact
aattctaaca tcttcttcta gtttgtccca 4020 gtcaaacttg aaattcagac
cttgtctttg catgtgcctg tatttccctg agtatgcatt 4080 tgcattcatt
tgcagtagaa tcattttcat acacgaaaac caatcaccct ctgaaaaaaa 4140
cttcctgcag aggttttttg ccatttcatc cagaccacat tgttctttga cagctgaagt
4200 gaaatacaat ggtgacagtt ctgtagaagt ttcaatagcc tcacagataa
atttcatgtc 4260 atcattggtg agacaagatg ggtcaaaatc ttccacaaga
tgaaaagaaa tttctgataa 4320 gatgaccttc cttaaatatg ccattttacc
tgacaatata gtctgaaggt gatgcaatcc 4380 ttttgtattt tcaaacccca
cctcattttc cccttcattg gtcttcttgc ttctttcata 4440 ccgctttatt
gtggagttga ccttatcttc taaattcttg aagaaacttg tctcttcttc 4500
cccatcaaag catatgtctg ctgagtcacc ttctagtttc ccagcttctg tttctttaga
4560 gccgataacc aatctagaga ccaactttga aaccttgtac tcgtaatctg
agtggttcaa 4620 tttgtacttc tgctttctca tgaagctctc tgtgatctga
ctcacagcac taacaagcaa 4680 tttgttaaaa tcatactcta ggagccgttc
cccatttaaa tgtttgttaa caaccacact 4740 tttgttgctg gcaaggtcta
atgctgttgc acacccagag ttagtcatgg gatccaagct 4800 attgagcctc
ttctcccctt tgaaaatcaa agtgccattg ttgaatgagg acaccatcat 4860
gctaaaggcc tccagattga cacctggggt tgtgcgctga cagtcaactt ctttcccagt
4920 gaacttcttc atttggtcat aaaaaacaca ctcttcctca ggggtgattg
actctttagg 4980 gttaacaaag aagccaaact cacttttagg ctcaaagaat
ttctcaaagc atttaatttg 5040 atctgtcagc ctatcagggg tttcctttgt
gattaaatga cacaggtatg acacattcaa 5100 catgaacttg aactttgcgc
tcaacagtac cttttcacca gtcccaaaaa cagttttgat 5160 caaaaatctg
agcaatttgt acactacttt ctcagcaggt gtgatcaaat cctccttcaa 5220
cttgtccatc aatgatgtgg atgagaagtc tgagacaatg gccatcacta aatacctaat
5280 gttttgaacc tgtttttgat tcctctttgt tgggttggtg agcatgagta
ataatagggt 5340 tctcaatgca atctcaacat catcaatgct gtccttcaag
tcaggacatg atctgatcca 5400 tgagatcatg gtgtcaatca tgttgtgcaa
cacttcatct gagaagattg gtaaaaagaa 5460 cctttttggg tctgcataaa
aagagattag atggccattg ggaccttgta tagaataaca 5520 ccttgaggat
tctccagtct tttgatacag caggtgatat tcctcagagt ccaattttat 5580
cacttggcaa aatacctctt tacattccac cacttgatac cttacagagc ccaattggtt
5640 ttgtcttaat ctagcaactg aacttgtttt catactgttt gtcaaagcta
gacagacaga 5700 tgacaatctt ttcaaactat gcatgttcct taattgttcc
gtattaggct ggaaatcata 5760 atcttcaaac tttgtataat acattatagg
atgagttccg gacctcatga aattctcaaa 5820 ctcaataaat ggtatgtggc
actcatgctc aagatgttca gacagaccat agtgcccaaa 5880 actaagtccc
accactgaca agcacctttg aacttttaaa atgaactcat ttatggatgt 5940
tctaaacaaa tcctcaagag atacctttct atacgccttt gactttctcc tgttccttag
6000 aagtctgatg aactcttcct tggtgctatg aaagctcacc aacctatcat
tcacactccc 6060 atagcaacaa ccaacccagt gcttatcatt ttttgaccct
ttgagtttag actgtttgat 6120 caacgaagag agacacaaga catccaaatt
cagtaactgt ctccttctgg tgttcaataa 6180 ttttaaactt ttaactttgt
tcaacataga gaggagcctc tcatactcag tgctagtctc 6240 acttcctctc
tcataaccat gggtatctgc tgtgataaat ctcatcaaag gacaggattc 6300
aactgcctcc ttgcttagtg ctgaaatgtc atcactgtca gcaagagtct cataaagctc
6360 agagaattcc ttaattaaat ttccggggtt gattttctga aaactcctct
tgagcttccc 6420 agtttccaag tctcttctaa acctgctgta aagggagttt
atgccaagaa ccacatcatc 6480 gcagttcatg tttgggttga caccatcatg
gcacattttc ataatttcat cattgtgaaa 6540 tgatcttgca tctttcaaga
ttttcataga gtctataccg gaacgcttat caacagtggt 6600 cttgagagat
tcgcaaagtc tgaagtactc agattcctca aagactttct catcttggct 6660
agaatactct aaaagtttaa acagaaggtc tctgaacttg aaattcaccc actctggcat
6720 aaagctgtta tcataatcac accgaccatc cactattggg accaatgtga
tacccgcaat 6780 ggcaaggtct tctttgatac aggctagttt attggtgtcc
tctataaatt tcttctcaaa 6840 actagctggt gtgcttctaa cgaagcactc
aagaagaatg agggaattgt caatcagttt 6900 ataaccatca ggaatgatca
aaggcagtcc cgggcacaca atcccagact ctattagaat 6960 tgcctcaaca
gatttatcat catggttgtg tatgcagccg ctcttgtcag cactgtctat 7020
ctctatacaa cgcgacaaaa gtttgagtcc ctctatcaat accattctgg gttctctttg
7080 ccctaaaaag ttgagcttct gccttgacaa cctctcatct tgttctatgt
ggtttaagca 7140 caactctctc aactccgaaa tagcctcatc cattgcgcat
caaaaagcct aggatcctcg 7200 gtgcg 7205 5 LCMV strain MP cgcaccgggg
atcctaggct ttttggattg segment S, complete cgctttcctc agctccgtct
tgtgggagaa 60 sequence. The tgggtcaaat tgtgacgatg tttgaggctc
genomic segment is tgcctcacat cattgatgag gtcattaaca 120 RNA, the
sequence in ttgtcattat cgtgcttatt atcatcacga SEQ ID NO: 5 is shown
gcatcaaagc tgtgtacaat ttcgccacct 180 for DNA; however, gcgggatact
tgcattgatc agctttcttt exchanging all ttctggctgg caggtcctgt
ggaatgtatg 240 thymidines ("T") in gtcttgatgg gcctgacatt tacaaagggg
SEQ ID NO: 5 for tttaccgatt caagtcagtg gagtttgaca 300 uridines
("U") tgtcttacct taacctgacg atgcccaatg provides the RNA catgttcggc
aaacaactcc catcattata 360 sequence. taagtatggg gacttctgga
ttggagttaa ccttcacaaa tgactccatc atcacccaca 420 acttttgtaa
tctgacttcc gccctcaaca agaggacttt tgaccacaca cttatgagta 480
tagtctcaag tctgcacctc agcattagag gggtccccag ctacaaagca gtgtcctgtg
540 attttaacaa tggcatcact attcaataca acctgtcatt ttctaatgca
cagagcgctc 600 tgagtcaatg taagaccttc agggggagag tcctggatat
gttcagaact gcttttggag 660 gaaagtacat gaggagtggc tggggctgga
caggttcaga tggcaagact acttggtgca 720 gccagacaaa ctaccaatat
ctgattatac aaaacaggac ttgggaaaac cactgcaggt 780 acgcaggccc
tttcggaatg tctagaattc tcttcgctca agaaaagaca aggtttctaa 840
ctagaaggct tgcaggcaca ttcacttgga ctttatcaga ctcatcagga gtggagaatc
900 caggtggtta ctgcttgacc aagtggatga tcctcgctgc agagctcaag
tgttttggga 960 acacagctgt tgcaaagtgc aatgtaaatc atgatgaaga
gttctgtgat atgctacgac 1020
tgattgatta caacaaggct gctttgagta aattcaaaga agatgtagaa tccgctctac
1080 atctgttcaa gacaacagtg aattctttga tttctgatca gcttttgatg
agaaatcacc 1140 taagagactt gatgggagtg ccatactgca attactcgaa
attctggtat ctagagcatg 1200 caaagactgg tgagactagt gtccccaagt
gctggcttgt cagcaatggt tcttatttga 1260 atgaaaccca tttcagcgac
caaattgagc aggaagcaga taatatgatc acagaaatgc 1320 tgagaaagga
ctacataaaa aggcaaggga gtacccctct agccttgatg gatctattga 1380
tgttttctac atcagcatat ttgatcagca tctttctgca tcttgtgagg ataccaacac
1440 acagacacat aaagggcggc tcatgcccaa aaccacatcg gttaaccagc
aagggaatct 1500 gtagttgtgg tgcatttaaa gtaccaggtg tggaaaccac
ctggaaaaga cgctgaacag 1560 cagcgcctcc ctgactcacc acctcgaaag
aggtggtgag tcagggaggc ccagagggtc 1620 ttagagtgtt acgacatttg
gacctctgaa gattaggtca tgtggtagga tattgtggac 1680 agttttcagg
tcggggagcc ttgccttgga ggcgctttca aagatgatac agtccatgag 1740
tgcacagtgt ggggtgacct ctttcttttt cttgtccctc actattccag tgtgcatctt
1800 gcatagccag ccatatttgt cccagacttt gtcctcatat tctcttgaag
cttctttagt 1860 catctcaaca tcgatgagct taatgtctct tctgttttgt
gaatctagga gtttcctgat 1920 gtcatcagat ccctgacaac ttaggaccat
tccctgtgga agagcaccta ttactgaaga 1980 tgtcagccca ggttgtgcat
tgaagaggtc agcaaggtcc atgccatgtg agtatttgga 2040 gtcctgcttg
aattgttttt gatcagtggg ttctctatag aaatgtatgt actgcccatt 2100
ctgtggctga aatattgcta tttctaccgg gtcattaaat ctgccctcaa tgtcaatcca
2160 tgtaggagcg ttagggtcaa tacctcccat gaggtccttc agcaacattg
tttggctgta 2220 gcttaagccc acctgaggtg ggcccgctgc cccaggcgct
ggtttgggtg agttggccat 2280 aggcctctca tttgtcagat caattgttgt
gttctcccat gctctcccta caactgatgt 2340 tctacaagct atgtatggcc
acccctcccc tgaaagacag actttgtaga ggatgttctc 2400 gtaaggattc
ctgtctccaa cctgatcaga aacaaacatg ttgagtttct tcttggcccc 2460
aagaactgct ttcaggagat cctcactgtt gcttggctta attaagatgg attccaacat
2520 gttaccccca tctaacaagg ctgcccctgc tttcacagca gcaccgagac
tgaaattgta 2580 gccagatatg ttgatgctag actgctgctc agtgatgact
cccaagactg ggtgcttgtc 2640 tttcagcctt tcaaggtcac ttaggttcgg
gtacttgact gtgtaaagca gcccaaggtc 2700 tgtgagtgct tgcacaacgt
cattgagtga ggtttgtgat tgtttggcca tacaagccat 2760 tgttaagctt
ggcattgtgc cgaattgatt gttcagaagt gatgagtcct tcacatccca 2820
gaccctcacc acaccatttg cactctgctg aggtctcctc attccaacca tttgcagaat
2880 ctgagatctt tggtcaagct gttgtgctgt taagttcccc atgtagactc
cagaagttag 2940 aggcctttca gacctcatga ttttagcctt cagtttttca
aggtcagctg caagggacat 3000 cagttcttct gcactaagcc tccctacttt
tagaacattc ttttttgatg ttgactttag 3060 gtccacaagg gaatacacag
tttggttgag gcttctgagt ctctgtaaat ctttgtcatc 3120 cctcttctct
ttcctcatga tcctctgaac attgctcacc tcagagaagt ctaatccatt 3180
cagaaggctg gtggcatcct tgatcacagc agctttcaca tctgatgtga agccttgaag
3240 ctctctcctc aatgcctggg tccattgaaa gcttttaact tctttggaca
gagacatttt 3300 gtcactcagt ggatttccaa gtcaaatgcg caatcaaaat
gcctaggatc cactgtgcg 3359 6 Amino acid sequence Met Ser Leu Ser Lys
Glu Val Lys Ser Phe of the NP protein of Gln Trp Thr Gln Ala Leu
Arg Arg Glu Leu the MP strain of Gln Gly Phe Thr Ser Asp Val Lys
Ala Ala LCMV. Val Ile Lys Asp Ala Thr Ser Leu Leu Asn Gly Leu Asp
Phe Ser Glu Val Ser Asn Val Gln Arg Ile Met Arg Lys Glu Lys Arg Asp
Asp Lys Asp Leu Gln Arg Leu Arg Ser Leu Asn Gln Thr Val Tyr Ser Leu
Val Asp Leu Lys Ser Thr Ser Lys Lys Asn Val Leu Lys Val Gly Arg Leu
Ser Ala Glu Glu Leu Met Ser Leu Ala Ala Asp Leu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala
Lys Ile Met Arg Ser Glu Arg Pro Leu Thr Ser Gly Val Tyr Met Gly Asn
Leu Thr Ala Gln Gln Leu Asp Gln Arg Ser Gln Ile Leu Gln Met Val Gly
Met Arg Arg Pro Gln Gln Ser Ala Asn Gly Val Val Arg Val Trp Asp Val
Lys Asp Ser Ser Leu Leu Asn Asn Gln Phe Gly Thr Met Pro Ser Leu Thr
Met Ala Cys Met Ala Lys Gln Ser Gln Thr Ser Leu Asn Asp Val Val Gln
Ala Leu Thr Asp Leu Gly Leu Leu Tyr Thr Val Lys Tyr Pro Asn Leu Ser
Asp Leu Glu Arg Leu Lys Asp Lys His Pro Val Leu Gly Val Ile Thr Glu
Gln Gln Ser Ser Ile Asn Ile Ser Gly Tyr Asn Phe Ser Leu Gly Ala Ala
Val Lys Ala Gly Ala Ala Leu Leu Asp Gly Gly Asn Met Leu Glu Ser Ile
Leu Ile Lys Pro Ser Asn Ser Glu Asp Leu Leu Lys Ala Val Leu Gly Ala
Lys Lys Lys Leu Asn Met Phe Asp Arg Asn Pro Tyr Glu Asn Ile Leu Tyr
Lys Val Cys Leu Ser Gly Glu Gly Trp Pro Tyr Ile Ala Cys Arg Thr Ser
Val Val Gly Arg Ala Trp Glu Asn Thr Thr Ile Asp Leu Thr Asn Glu Arg
Pro Met Ala Asn Ser Pro Lys Pro Ala Pro Gly Ala Ala Gly Pro Pro Gln
Val Gly Leu Ser Tyr Ser Gln Thr Met Leu Leu Lys Asp Leu Met Gly Gly
Ile Asp Pro Asn Ala Pro Thr Trp Ile Asp Ile Glu Gly Arg Phe Asn Asp
Pro Val Glu Ile Ala Ile Phe Gln Pro Gln Asn Gly Gln Tyr Ile His Phe
Tyr Arg Glu Pro Thr Asp Gln Lys Gln Phe Lys Gln Asp Ser Lys Tyr Ser
His Gly Met Asp Leu Ala Asp Leu Phe Asn Ala Gln Pro Gly Leu Thr Ser
Ser Val Ile Gly Ala Leu Pro Gln Gly Met Val Leu Ser Cys Gln Gly Ser
Asp Asp Ile Arg Lys Leu Leu Asp Ser Gln Asn Arg Arg Asp Ile Lys Leu
Ile Asp Val Glu Met Thr Lys Glu Ala Ser Arg Glu Tyr Glu Asp Lys Val
Trp Asp Lys Tyr Gly Trp Leu Cys Lys Met His Thr Gly Ile Val Arg Asp
Lys Lys Lys Lys Glu Val Thr Pro His Cys Ala Leu Met Asp Cys Ile Ile
Phe Glu Ser Ala Ser Lys Ala Arg Leu Pro Asp Leu Lys Thr Val His Asn
Ile Leu Pro His Asp Leu Ile Phe Arg Gly Pro Asn Val Val Thr Leu 7
Amino acid sequence Met Gly Gln Ile Val Thr Met Phe Glu Ala of the
GP protein of Leu Pro His Ile Ile Asp Glu Val Ile Asn the MP strain
of Ile Val Ile Ile Val Leu Ile Ile Ile Thr LCMV. Ser Ile Lys Ala
Val Tyr Asn Phe Ala Thr Cys Gly Ile Leu Ala Leu Ile Ser Phe Leu Phe
Leu Ala Gly Arg Ser Cys Gly Met Tyr Gly Leu Asp Gly Pro Asp Ile Tyr
Lys Gly val Tyr Arg Phe Lys Ser Val Glu Phe Asp Met Ser Tyr Leu Asn
Leu Thr Met Pro Asn Ala Cys Ser Ala Asn Asn Ser His His Tyr Ile Ser
Met Gly Thr Ser Gly Leu Glu Leu Thr Phe Thr Asn Asp Ser Ile Ile Thr
His Asn Phe Cys Asn Leu Thr Ser Ala Leu Asn Lys Arg Thr Phe Asp His
Thr Leu Met Ser Ile Val Ser Ser Leu His Leu Ser Ile Arg Gly Val Pro
Ser Tyr Lys Ala Val Ser Cys Asp Phe Asn Asn Gly Ile Thr Ile Gln Tyr
Asn Leu Ser Phe Ser Asn Ala Gln Ser Ala Leu Ser Gln Cys Lys Thr Phe
Arg Gly Arg Val Leu Asp Met Phe Arg Thr Ala Phe Gly Gly Lys Tyr Met
Arg Ser Gly Trp Gly Trp Thr Gly Ser Asp Gly Lys Thr Thr Trp Cys Ser
Gln Thr Asn Tyr Gln Tyr Leu Ile Ile Gln Asn Arg Thr Trp Glu Asn His
Cys Arg Tyr Ala Gly Pro Phe Gly Met Ser Arg Ile Leu Phe Ala Gln Glu
Lys Thr Arg Phe Leu Thr Arg Arg Leu Ala Gly Thr Phe Thr Trp Thr Leu
Ser Asp Ser Ser Gly Val Glu Asn Pro Gly Gly Tyr Cys Leu Thr Lys Trp
Met Ile Leu Ala Ala Glu Leu Lys Cys Phe Gly Asn Thr Ala Val Ala Lys
Cys Asn Val Asn His Asp Glu Glu Phe Cys Asp Met Leu Arg Leu Ile Asp
Tyr Asn Lys Ala Ala Leu Ser Lys Phe Lys Glu Asp Val Glu Ser Ala Leu
His Leu Phe Lys Thr Thr Val Asn Ser Leu Ile Ser Asp Gln Leu Leu Met
Arg Asn His Leu Arg Asp Leu Met Gly Val Pro Tyr Cys Asn Tyr Ser Lys
Phe Trp Tyr Leu Glu His Ala Lys Thr Gly Glu Thr Ser Val Pro Lys Cys
Trp Leu Val Ser Asn Gly Ser Tyr Leu Asn Glu Thr His Phe Ser Asp Gln
Ile Glu Gln Glu Ala Asp Asn Met Ile Thr Glu Met Leu Arg Lys Asp Tyr
Ile Lys Arg Gln Gly Ser Thr Pro Leu Ala Leu Met Asp Leu Leu Met Phe
Ser Thr Ser Ala Tyr Leu Ile Ser Ile Phe Leu His Leu Val Arg Ile Pro
Thr His Arg His Ile Lys Gly Gly Ser Cys Pro Lys Pro His Arg Leu Thr
Ser Lys Gly Ile Cys Ser Cys Gly Ala Phe Lys Val Pro Gly Val Glu Thr
Thr Trp Lys Arg Arg 8 Amino acid sequence Met Asp Glu Ala Ile Ser
Glu Leu Arg Glu of the L protein of Leu Cys Leu Asn His Ile Glu Gln
Asp Glu the MP strain of Arg Leu Ser Arg Gln Lys Leu Asn Phe Leu
LCMV. Gly Gln Arg Glu Pro Arg Met Val Leu Ile Glu Gly Leu Lys Leu
Leu Ser Arg Cys Ile Glu Ile Asp Ser Ala Asp Lys Ser Gly Cys Ile His
Asn His Asp Asp Lys Ser Val Glu Ala Ile Leu Ile Glu Ser Gly Ile Val
Cys Pro Gly Leu Pro Leu Ile Ile Pro Asp Gly Tyr Lys Leu Ile Asp Asn
Ser Leu Ile Leu Leu Glu Cys Phe Val Arg Ser Thr Pro Ala Ser Phe Glu
Lys Lys Phe Ile Glu Asp Thr Asn Lys Leu Ala Cys Ile Lys Glu Asp Leu
Ala Ile Ala Gly Ile Thr Leu Val Pro Ile Val Asp Gly Arg Cys Asp Tyr
Asp Asn Ser Phe Met Pro Glu Trp Val Asn Phe Lys Phe Arg Asp Leu Leu
Phe Lys Leu Leu Glu Tyr Ser Ser Gln A3p Glu Lys Val Phe Glu Glu Ser
Glu Tyr Phe Arg Leu Cys Glu Ser Leu Lys Thr Thr Val Asp Lys Arg Ser
Gly Ile Asp Ser Met Lys Ile Leu Lys Asp Ala Arg Ser Phe His Asn Asp
Glu Ile Met Lys Met Cys His Asp Gly Val Asn Pro Asn Met Asn Cys Asp
Asp Val Val Leu Gly Ile Asn Ser Leu Tyr Ser Arg Phe Arg Arg Asp Leu
Glu Thr Gly Lys Leu Lys Arg Ser Phe Gln Lys Ile Asn Pro Gly Asn Leu
Ile Lys Glu Phe Ser Glu Leu Tyr Glu Thr Leu Ala Asp Ser Asp Asp Ile
Ser Ala Leu Ser Lys Glu Ala Val Glu Ser Cys Pro Leu Met Arg Phe Ile
Thr Ala Asp Thr His Gly Tyr Glu Arg Gly Ser Glu Thr Ser Thr Glu Tyr
Glu Arg Leu Leu Ser Met Leu Asn Lys Val Lys Ser Leu Lys Leu Leu Asn
Thr Arg Arg Arg Gln Leu Leu Asn Leu Asp Val Leu Cys Leu Ser Ser Leu
Ile Lys Gln Ser Lys Leu Lys Gly Ser Lys Asn Asp Lys His Trp Val Gly
Cys Cys Tyr Gly Ser Val Asn Asp Arg Leu Val Ser Phe His Ser Thr Lys
Glu Glu Phe Ile Arg Leu Leu Arg Asn Arg Arg Lys Ser Lys Ala Tyr Arg
Lys Val Ser Leu Glu Asp Leu Phe Arg Thr Ser Ile Asn Glu Phe Ile Leu
Lys Val Gln Arg Cys Leu Ser Val Val Gly Leu Ser Phe Gly His Tyr Gly
Leu Ser Glu His Leu Glu His Glu Cys His Ile Pro Phe Ile Glu Phe Glu
Asn Phe Met Arg Ser Gly Thr His Pro Ile Met Tyr Tyr Thr Lys Phe Glu
Asp Tyr Asp Phe Gln Pro Asn Thr Glu Gln Leu Arq Asn Met His Ser Leu
Lys Arq Leu Ser Ser Val Cys Leu Ala Leu Thr Asn Ser Met Lys Thr Ser
Ser Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Gln Asn Gln Leu Gly Ser Val Arg Tyr Gln Val
Val Glu Cys Lys Glu Val Phe Cys Gln Val Ile Lys Leu Asp Ser Glu Glu
Tyr His Leu Leu Tyr Gln Lys Thr Gly Glu Ser Ser Arg Cys Tyr Ser Ile
Gln Gly Pro Asn Gly His Leu Ile Ser Phe Tyr Ala Asp Pro Lys Arg Phe
Phe Leu Pro Ile Phe Ser Asp Glu Val Leu His Asn Met Ile Asp Thr Met
Ile Ser Trp Ile Arg Ser Cys Pro Asp Leu Lys Asp Ser Ile Asp Asp Val
Glu Ile Ala Leu Arg Thr Leu Leu Leu Leu Met Leu Thr Asn Pro Thr Lys
Arg Asn Gln Lys Gln Val Gln Asn Ile Arg Tyr Leu Val Met Ala Ile
Val
Ser Asp Phe Ser Ser Thr Ser Leu Met Asp Lys Leu Lys Glu Asp Leu Ile
Thr Pro Ala Glu Lys Val Val Tyr Lys Leu Leu Arg Phe Leu Ile Lys Thr
Val Phe Gly Thr Gly Glu Lys Val Leu Leu Ser Ala Lys Phe Lys Phe Met
Leu Asn Val Ser Tyr Leu Cys His Leu Ile Thr Lys Glu Thr Pro Asp Arg
Leu Thr Asp Gln Ile Lys Cys Phe Glu Lys Phe Phe Glu Pro Lys Ser Glu
Phe Gly Phe Phe Val Asn Pro Lys Glu Ser Ile Thr Pro Glu Glu Glu Cys
Val Phe Tyr Asp Gln Met Lys Lys Phe Thr Gly Lys Glu Val Asp Cys Gln
Arg Thr Thr Pro Gly Val Asn Leu Glu Met Met Val Ser Ser Phe Asn Asn
Gly Thr Leu Ile Phe Lyc Arg Leu Aon Ser Leu Asp Pro Met Thr Asn Ser
Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Leu Asp Leu Ala Ser Asn Lys Ser Val Val Val Asn
Lys His Leu Asn Gly Glu Arg Leu Leu Glu Tyr Asp Phe Asn Lys Leu Leu
Val Ser Ala Val Ser Gln Ile Thr Glu Ser Phe Met Arg Lys Gln Lys Tyr
Lys Leu Asn His Ser Asp Tyr Glu Tyr Lys Val Ser Lys Leu Val Ser Arg
Leu Val Ile Gly Ser Lys Glu Thr Glu Ala Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Asp Ser
Ala Asp Ile Cys Phe Asp Gly Glu Glu Glu Thr Ser Phe Phe Lys Asn Leu
Glu Asp Lys Val Asn Ser Thr Ile Lys Arg Tyr Glu Arg Ser Lys Lys Thr
Asn Glu Gly Glu Asn Glu Val Gly Phe Glu Asn Thr Lys Gly Leu His His
Leu Gln Thr Ile Leu Ser Gly Lys Met Ala Tyr Leu Arg Lys Val Ile Leu
Ser Glu Ile Ser Phe His Leu Val Glu Asp Phe Asp Pro Ser Cys Leu Thr
Asn Asp Asp Met Lys Phe Ile Cys Glu Ala Ile Glu Thr Ser Thr Glu Leu
Ser Pro Leu Tyr Phe Thr Ser Ala Val Lys Glu Gln Cys Gly Leu Asp Glu
Met Ala Lys Asn Leu Cys Arg Lys Phe Phe Ser Glu Gly Asp Trp Phe Ser
Cys Met Lys Met Ile Leu Leu Gln Met Asn Ala Asn Ala Tyr Ser Gly Lys
Tyr Arg His Met Gln Arg Gln Gly Leu Asn Phe Lys Phe Asp Trp Asp Lys
Leu Glu Glu Asp Val Arg Ile Ser Glu Arg Glu Ser Asn Ser Glu Ser Leu
Ser Lys Ala Leu Ser Leu Thr Lys Cys Met Ser Ala Ala Leu Lys Asn Leu
Cys Phe Tyr Ser Glu Glu Ser Pro Thr Ser Tyr Thr Ser Val Gly Pro Asp
Ser Gly Arg Leu Lys Phe Ala Leu Ser Tyr Lys Glu Gln Val Gly Gly Asn
Arg Glu Leu Tyr Ile Gly Asp Leu Arg Thr Lys Met Phe Thr Arg Leu Ile
Glu Asp Tyr Phe Glu Ser Phe Ser Ser Phe Phe Ser Gly Ser Cys Leu Asn
Asn Asp Lys Glu Phe Glu Asn Ala Ile Leu Ser Met Thr Ile Asn Val Arg
Glu Gly Leu Leu Asn Tyr Ser Met Asp His Ser Lys Trp Gly Pro Met Met
Cys Pro Phe Leu Phe Leu Met Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Lys Asp Asp Gln Tyr
Val Arg Ser Gly Lys Asp His Ile Ser Thr Leu Leu Thr Trp His Met His
Lys Leu Val Glu Val Pro Phe Pro Val Val Asn Ala Met Met Lys Ser Tyr
Ile Lys Ser Lys Leu Lys Leu Leu Arg Gly Ser Glu Thr Thr Val Thr Glu
Arg Ile Phe Arg Glu Tyr Phe Glu Leu Gly Ile Val Pro Ser His Ile Ser
Ser Leu Ile Asp Met Gly Gln Gly Ile Leu His Asn Ala Ser Asp Phe Tyr
Gly Leu Ile Ser Glu Arg Phe Ile Asn Tyr Cys Ile Gly Val Ile Phe Gly
Glu Arg Pro Glu Ser Tyr Thr Ser Ser Asp Asp Gln Ile Thr Leu Phe Asp
Arg Arg Leu Ser Glu Leu Val Asp Ser Asp Pro Glu Glu Val Leu Val Leu
Leu Glu Phe His Ser His Leu Ser Gly Leu Leu Asn Lys Phe Ile Ser Pro
Lys Ser Val Val Gly Arg Phe Ala Ala Glu Phe Lys Ser Arg Phe Tyr Val
Trp Gly Glu Glu Val Pro Leu Leu Thr Lys Phe Val Ser Ala Ala Leu His
Asn Val Lyc Cyc Lyc Glu Pro Hie Gln Leu Cyc Glu Thr Ile Asp Thr Ile
Ala Asp Gln Ala Val Ala Asn Gly Val Pro Val Ser Leu Val Asn Cys Ile
Gln Lys Arg Thr Leu Asp Leu Leu Lys Tyr Ala Asn Phe Pro Leu Asp Pro
Phe Leu Leu Asn Thr Asn Thr Asp Val Lys Asp Trp Leu Asp Gly Ser Arg
Gly Tyr Arg Ile Gln Arg Leu Ile Glu Glu Leu Cys Pro Ser Glu Thr Lys
Val Met Arg Arg Leu Val Arg Arg Leu His His Lys Leu Lys Asn Gly Glu
Phe Asn Glu Glu Phe Phe Leu Asp Leu Phe Asn Arg Asp Lys Lys Glu Ala
Ile Leu Gln Leu Gly Asn Ile Leu Gly Leu Glu Glu Asp Leu Ser Gln Leu
Ala Asn Ile Asn Trp Leu Asn Leu Asn Glu Leu Phe Pro Leu Arg Met Val
Leu Arg Gln Lys Val Val Tyr Pro Ser Val Met Thr Phe Gln Glu Glu Arg
Ile Pro Ser Leu Ile Lys Thr Leu Gln Asn Lys Leu Cys Ser Lys Phe Thr
Arg Gly Ala Gln Lys Leu Leu Ser Glu Ala Ile Asn Lys Ser Ala Phe Gln
Ser Cys Ile Ser Ser Gly Phe Ile Gly Leu Cys Lys Thr Leu Gly Ser Arg
Cys Val Arg Asn Lys Asn Arg Asp Asn Leu Tyr Ile Arg Lys Val Leu Glu
Asp Leu Ala Met Asp Ala His Val Thr Ala Ile His Arg His Asp Gly Ile
Met Leu Tyr Ile Cys Asp Arg Gln Ser His Pro Glu Ala His Cys Asp His
Ile Ser Leu Leu Arg Pro Leu Leu Trp Asp Tyr Ile Cys Ile Ser Leu Ser
Asn Ser Phe Glu Leu Gly Val Trp Val Leu Ala Glu Pro Val Lys Gly Lys
Asn Glu Gly Ser Ser Ser Leu Lys His Leu Asn Pro Cys Asp Tyr Val Ala
Arg Lys Pro Glu Ser Ser Arg Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys Ile Ser Leu Asn His
Val Ile Gln Ser Val Arg Arg Leu Tyr Pro Lys Ile Tyr Glu Asp Gln Leu
Leu Pro Phe Met Ser Asp Met Ser Ser Lys Asn Met Arg Trp Ser Pro Arg
Ile Lys Phe Leu Asp Leu Cys Val Leu Ile Asp Ile Asn Ser Glu Ser Leu
Ser Leu Ile Ser His Val Val Lys Trp Lys Arg Asp Glu His Tyr Thr Val
Leu Phe Ser Asp Leu Val Asn Ser His Gln Arg Ser Asp Ser Ser Leu Val
Asp Glu Phe Val Val Ser Thr Arg Asp Val Cys Lys Asn Phe Leu Lys Gln
Val Tyr Phe Glu Ser Phe Val Arg Glu Phe Val Ala Thr Ser Arg Thr Leu
Gly Ser Phe Ser Trp Phe Pro His Lys Asp Met Met Pro Ser Glu Asp Gly
Ala Glu Ala Leu Gly Pro Phe Gln Ser Phe Ile Leu Lys Val Val Asn Lys
Asn Met Glu Arg Pro Met Phe Arg Asn Asp Leu Gln Phe Gly Phe Gly Trp
Phe Ser Tyr Arg Leu Gly Asp Ile Val Cys Asn Ala Ala Met Leu Ile Lys
Gln Gly Leu Thr Asn Pro Lys Ala Phe Lys Ser Leu Arg Asn Leu Trp Asp
Tyr Met Ile Asn Asn Thr Glu Gly Val Leu Glu Phe Ser Ile Thr Val Asp
Phe Thr His Asn Gln Asn Asn Thr Asp Cys Leu Arg Lys Phe Ser Leu Ile
Phe Leu Val Lys Cys Gln Leu Gln Gly Pro Gly Val Ala Glu Phe Leu Ser
Cys Ser His Leu Phe Lys Gly Glu Val Asp Arg Arg Phe Leu Asp Glu Cys
Leu Hie Leu Leu Arg Ser Aop Ser Ile Phe Lys Val Asn Asp Gly Val Phe
Asp Ile Arg Ser Glu Glu Phe Glu Asp Tyr Met Glu Asp Pro Leu Ile Leu
Gly Asp Ser Leu Glu Leu Glu Leu Ile Gly Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Asp Gly
Ile Arg Ser Leu Asp Phe Glu Arg Ile Gly Pro Glu Trp Glu Pro Val Pro
Leu Thr Val Arg Met Gly Ala Leu Phe Glu Gly Arg Ser Leu Val Gln Asn
Ile Val Val Lys Leu Glu Thr Lys Asp Met Arg Val Phe Leu Ala Glu Leu
Glu Gly Tyr Gly Asn Phe Asp Asp Val Leu Gly Ser Leu Leu Leu His Arg
Phe Arg Thr Gly Glu His Leu Gln Gly Ser Glu Ile Ser Thr Ile Leu Gln
Glu Leu Cys Ile Asp Arg Ser Ile Leu Leu Val Pro Leu Ser Leu Val Pro
Asp Trp Phe Thr Phe Lys Asp Cys Arg Leu Cys Phe Ser Lys Ser Lys Asn
Thr Val Met Tyr Glu Thr Val Val Gly Lys Tyr Arg Leu Lys Gly Lys Ser
Cys Asp Asp Trp Leu Thr Lys Ser Val Val Glu Glu Ile Asp 9 amino
acid sequence Met Gly Gln Gly Lys Ser Lys Glu Gly Arg of the Z
protein of Asp Ala Ser Asn Thr Ser Arg Ala Glu Ile the MP strain of
Leu Pro Asp Thr Thr Tyr Leu Gly Pro Leu LCMV. Asn Cys Lys Ser Cys
Trp Gln Arg Phe Asp Ser Leu Val Arg Cys His Asp His Tyr Leu Cys Arg
His Cys Leu Asn Leu Leu Leu Ser Val Ser Asp Arg Cys Pro Leu Cys Lys
His Pro Leu Pro Thr Lys Leu Lys Ile Ser Thr Ala Pro Ser Ser Pro Pro
Pro Tyr Glu Glu 10 LCMV clone 13 S- gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc
tttttggatt Segment encoding gcgctttcct ctagatcaac tgggtgtcag 60
HCMV strain Merlin gccctatcct acagaaggat ggaatccagg gB; full-length
atctggtgcc tggtagtctg cgttaacttg 120 wildtype. The tgtatcgtct
gtctgggtgc tgcggtttcc genomic segment is tcatcttcta ctcgtggaac
ttctgctact 180 RNA, the sequence in cacagtcacc attcctctca
tacgacgtct SEQ ID No. 10 is gctgctcact ctcgatccgg ttcagtctct 240
shown for DNA; caacgcgtaa cttcttccca aacggtcagc however, exchanging
catggtgtta acgagaccat ctacaacact 300 all thymidines ("T")
accctcaagt acggagatgt ggtgggggtc in SEQ ID NO: 10 for aataccacca
agtaccccta tcgcgtgtgt 360 uridines ("U") tctatggccc agggtacgga
tcttattcgc provides the RNA tttgaacgta atatcgtctg cacctcgatg 420
sequence. aagcccatca atgaagacct ggacgagggc atcatggtgg tctacaaacg
caacatcgtc 480 gcgcacacct ttaaggtacg agtctaccag aaggttttga
cgtttcgtcg tagctacgct 540 tacatccaca ccacttatct gctgggcagc
aacacggaat acgtggcgcc tcctatgtgg 600 gagattcatc atatcaacag
ccacagtcag tgctacagtt cctacagccg cgttatagca 660 ggcacggttt
tcgtggctta tcatagggac agctatgaaa acaaaaccat gcaattaatg 720
cccgacgatt attccaacac ccacagtacc cgttacgtga cggtcaagga tcaatggcac
780 agccgcggca gcacctggct ctatcgtgag acctgtaatc tgaattgtat
ggtgaccatc 840 actactgcgc gctccaaata tccttatcat tttttcgcca
cttccacggg tgacgtggtt 900 gacatttctc ctttctacaa cggaaccaat
cgcaatgcca gctactttgg agaaaacgcc 960 gacaagtttt tcatttttcc
gaactacact attgtctccg actttggaag accgaattct 1020 gcgttagaga
cccacaggtt ggtggctttt cttgaacgtg cggactcggt gatctcctgg 1080
gatatacagg acgaaaagaa tgtcacttgt caactcactt tctgggaagc ctcggaacgc
1140 accattcgtt ccgaagccga ggactcgtat cacttttctt ctgccaaaat
gaccgccact 1200 ttcttatcta agaagcaaga ggtgaacatg tccgactctg
cgctggactg cgtacgtgat 1260 gaggctataa ataagttaca gcagattttc
aatacttcat acaatcaaac atatgaaaaa 1320 tatggaaacg tgtccgtctt
tgaaaccact ggtggtttgg tagtgttctg gcaaggtatc 1380 aagcaaaaat
ctctggtgga actcgaacgt ttggccaacc gctccagtct gaatcttact 1440
cataatagaa ccaaaagaag tacagatggc aacaatgcaa ctcatttatc caacatggaa
1500 tcggtgcaca atctggtcta cgcccagctg cagttcacct atgacacgtt
gcgcggttac 1560 atcaaccggg cgctggcgca aatcgcagaa gcctggtgtg
tggatcaacg gcgcacccta 1620 gaggtcttca aggaactcag caagatcaac
ccgtcagcca ttctctcggc catttacaac 1680 aaaccgattg ccgcgcgttt
catgggtgat gtcttgggcc tggccagctg cgtgaccatc 1740 aaccaaacca
gcgtcaaggt gctgcgtgat atgaacgtga aggagtcgcc aggacgctgc 1800
tactcacgac ccgtggtcat ctttaatttc gccaacagct cgtacgtgca gtacggtcaa
1860 ctgggcgagg acaacgaaat cctgttgggc aaccaccgca ctgaggaatg
tcagcttccc 1920 agcctcaaga tcttcatcgc cgggaactcg gcctacgagt
acgtggacta cctcttcaaa 1980 cgcatgattg acctcagcag tatctccacc
gtcgacagca tgatcgccct ggatatcgac 2040 ccgctggaaa ataccgactt
cagggtactg gaactttact cgcagaaaga gctgcgttcc 2100 agcaacgttt
ttgacctcga agagatcatg cgcgaattca actcgtacaa gcagcgggta 2160
aagtacgtgg aggacaaggt agtcgacccg ctaccgccct acctcaaggg tctggacgac
2220 ctcatgagcg gcctgggcgc cgcgggaaag gccgttggcg tagccattgg
ggccgtgggt 2280 ggcgcggtgg cctccgtggt cgaaggcgtt gccaccttcc
tcaaaaaccc cttcggagcg 2340 ttcaccatca tcctcgtggc catagctgta
gtcattatca cttatttgat ctatactcga 2400 cagcggcgtt tgtgcacgca
gccgctgcag aacctctttc cctatctggt gtccgccgac 2460 gggaccaccg
tgacgtcggg cagcaccaaa
gacacgtcgt tacaggctcc gccttcctac 2520 gaggaaagtg tttataattc
tggtcgcaaa ggaccgggac caccgtcgtc tgatgcatcc 2580 acggcggctc
cgccttacac caacgagcag gcttaccaga tgcttctggc cctggcccgt 2640
ctggacgcag agcagcgagc gcagcagaac ggtacagatt ctttggacgg acggactggc
2700 acgcaggaca agggacagaa gcccaaccta ctagaccgac tgcgacatcg
caaaaacggc 2760 taccgacact tgaaagactc tgacgaagaa gagaacgtct
gaagaacagc gcctccctga 2820 ctctccacct cgaaagaggt ggagagtcag
ggaggcccag agggtcttag agtgtcacaa 2880 catttgggcc tctaaaaatt
aggtcatgtg gcagaatgtt gtgaacagtt ttcagatctg 2940 ggagccttgc
tttggaggcg ctttcaaaaa tgatgcagtc catgagtgca cagtgcgggg 3000
tgatctcttt cttctttttg tcccttacta ttccagtatg catcttacac aaccagccat
3060 atttgtccca cactttatct tcatactccc tcgaagcttc cctggtcatt
tcaacatcga 3120 taagcttaat gtccttccta ttttgtgagt ccagaagctt
tctgatgtca tcggagcctt 3180 gacagcttag aaccatcccc tgcggaagag
cacctataac tgacgaggtc aacccgggtt 3240 gcgcattgaa gaggtcggca
agatccatgc cgtgtgagta cttggaatct tgcttgaatt 3300 gtttttgatc
aacgggttcc ctgtaaaagt gtatgaactg cccgttctgt ggttggaaaa 3360
ttgctatttc cactggatca ttaaatctac cctcaatgtc aatccatgta ggagcgttgg
3420 ggtcaattcc tcccatgagg tcttttaaaa gcattgtctg gctgtagctt
aagcccacct 3480 gaggtggacc tgctgctcca ggcgctggcc tgggtgagtt
gactgcaggt ttctcgcttg 3540 tgagatcaat tgttgtgttt tcccatgctc
tccccacaat cgatgttcta caagctatgt 3600 atggccatcc ttcacctgaa
aggcaaactt tatagaggat gttttcataa gggttcctgt 3660 ccccaacttg
gtctgaaaca aacatgttga gttttctctt ggccccgaga actgccttca 3720
agagatcctc gctgttgctt ggcttgatca aaattgactc taacatgtta cccccatcca
3780 acagggctgc ccctgccttc acggcagcac caagactaaa gttatagcca
gaaatgttga 3840 tgctggactg ctgttcagtg atgaccccca gaactgggtg
cttgtctttc agcctttcaa 3900 gatcattaag atttggatac ttgactgtgt
aaagcaagcc aaggtctgtg agcgcttgta 3960 caacgtcatt gagcggagtc
tgtgactgtt tggccataca agccatagtt agacttggca 4020 ttgtgccaaa
ttgattgttc aaaagtgatg agtctttcac atcccaaact cttaccacac 4080
cacttgcacc ctgctgaggc tttctcatcc caactatctg taggatctga gatctttggt
4140 ctagttgctg tgttgttaag ttccccatat atacccctga agcctggggc
ctttcagacc 4200 tcatgatctt ggccttcagc ttctcaaggt cagccgcaag
agacatcagt tcttctgcac 4260 tgagcctccc cactttcaaa acattcttct
ttgatgttga ctttaaatcc acaagagaat 4320 gtacagtctg gttgagactt
ctgagtctct gtaggtcttt gtcatctctc ttttccttcc 4380 tcatgatcct
ctgaacattg ctgacctcag agaagtccaa cccattcaga aggttggttg 4440
catccttaat gacagcagcc ttcacatctg atgtgaagct ctgcaattct cttctcaatg
4500 cttgcgtcca ttggaagctc ttaacttcct tagacaagga catcttgttg
ctcaatggtt 4560 tctcaagaca aatgcgcaat caaatgccta ggatccactg tgcg
4604 11 WE-specific primer 5'AATCGTCTCTAAGGATGGGTCAGATTGTGACAATG-3'
12 WE specific fusion- 5'AATCGTCTCTAAGGATGGGTCAGATTGTGACAATG-3'
primer carrying an overhang complementary to the WET-specific
primer 13 WET-specific primer
5'CTCGGTGATCATGTTATCTGCTTCTTGTTCGATTTGA-3' 14 WET-specific fusion-
5'AATCGTCTCTTTCTTTATCTCCTCTTCCAGATGG-3' primer complementary to the
WE-sequence 15 Primer specific for 5'-GGCTCCCAGATCTGAAAACTGTT-3'
LCMV NP 16 NP- and GP-specific 5'-GCTGGCTTGTCACTAATGGCTC-3'
primers; NP- specific: same as in RT reaction, GP- specific: 5' 17
Representative cDNA aagaagcaga taacatgatc accgagatgc sequence
obtained tgaggaagga ctacatcaag agacagggca 60 from animal #3
gcacccccct ggccctcatg gatctgctca (r3LCMV-GFPnat #3) tgttcagcac
cagcgcctac ctcatcagca 120 revealing a tcttcctgca cctggtgaag
atccccaccc recombined S segment acagacacat caagggcggc agctgcccca
180 combining NP and GP agccccacag actcaccaac aagggcatct sequences
gcagctgcgg cgccttcaag gtgcccggcg 240 taaaaaccat ctggaagagg
agataaagaa cagcgcctcc ctgactctcc acctcgaaag 300 aggtggagag
tcagggaggc ccagagggtc ttacttgtac agctcgtcca tgccgagagt 360
gatcccggcg gcggtcacga actccagcag gaagaacagc gcctccctga ctctccacct
420 cgaaagaggt ggagagtcag ggaggcccag aggtcttaga gtgtcacaac
atttgggcct 480 ctaaaaatta ggtcatgtgg cagaatgttg tgaacagttt
tcagatctgg gagcc 535 18 S segment 1 of gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc
tttttggatt r3LCMV-P1A gcgctttcct ctagatcaac tgggtgtcag 60
(containing NP) gccctatcct acagaaggat gagcgacaac aagaagcccg
acaaggccca ctctggcagc 120 ggcggagatg gcgacggcaa cagatgtaac
ctgctgcaca gatacagcct ggaagagatc 180 ctgccctacc tgggctggct
ggtgttcgcc gtcgtgacaa caagcttcct ggccctgcag 240 atgttcatcg
acgccctgta cgaggaacag tacgagaggg acgtggcctg gatcgccaga 300
cagagcaaga gaatgagcag cgtggacgag gacgaggatg atgaggacga cgaagatgac
360 tactacgacg atgaggatga cgacgacgac gccttctacg atgacgagga
cgatgaagag 420 gaagaactgg aaaacctgat ggacgacgag tccgaggatg
aggccgagga agagatgagc 480 gtggaaatgg gcgctggcgc cgaagagatg
ggagccggcg ctaactgtgc ttgcgtgcca 540 ggacaccacc tgagaaagaa
cgaagtgaag tgccggatga tctacttctt ccacgacccc 600 aactttctgg
tgtccatccc cgtgaacccc aaagaacaga tggaatgcag atgcgagaac 660
gccgacgaag aggtggccat ggaagaagaa gaggaagagg aagaagaaga agaagaggaa
720 gaaatgggca accccgacgg cttcagcccc tgaagaacag cgcctccctg
actctccacc 780 tcgaaagagg tggagagtca gggaggccca gagggtctta
gagtgtcaca acatttgggc 840 ctctaaaaat taggtcatgt ggcagaatgt
tgtgaacagt tttcagatct gggagccttg 900 ctttggaggc gctttcaaaa
atgatgcagt ccatgagtgc acagtgcggg gtgatctctt 960 tcttcttttt
gtcccttact attccagtat gcatcttaca caaccagcca tatttgtccc 1020
acactttatc ttcatactcc ctcgaagctt ccctggtcat ttcaacatcg ataagcttaa
1080 tgtccttcct attttgtgag tccagaagct ttctgatgtc atcggagcct
tgacagctta 1140 gaaccatccc ctgcggaaga gcacctataa ctgacgaggt
caacccgggt tgcgcattga 1200 agaggtcggc aagatccatg ccgtgtgagt
acttggaatc ttgcttgaat tgtttttgat 1260 caacgggttc cctgtaaaag
tgtatgaact gcccgttctg tggttggaaa attgctattt 1320 ccactggatc
attaaatcta ccctcaatgt caatccatgt aggagcgttg gggtcaattc 1380
ctcccatgag gtcttttaaa agcattgtct ggctgtagct taagcccacc tgaggtggac
1440 ctgctgctcc aggcgctggc ctgggtgagt tgactgcagg tttctcgctt
gtgagatcaa 1500 ttgttgtgtt ttcccatgct ctccccacaa tcgatgttct
acaagctatg tatggccatc 1560 cttcacctga aaggcaaact ttatagagga
tgttttcata agggttcctg tccccaactt 1620 ggtctgaaac aaacatgttg
agttttctct tggccccgag aactgccttc aagagatcct 1680 cgctgttgct
tggcttgatc aaaattgact ctaacatgtt acccccatcc aacagggctg 1740
cccctgcctt cacggcagca ccaagactaa agttatagcc agaaatgttg atgctggact
1800 gctgttcagt gatgaccccc agaactgggt gcttgtcttt cagcctttca
agatcattaa 1860 gatttggata cttgactgtg taaagcaagc caaggtctgt
gagcgcttgt acaacgtcat 1920 tgagcggagt ctgtgactgt ttggccatac
aagccatagt tagacttggc attgtgccaa 1980 attgattgtt caaaagtgat
gagtctttca catcccaaac tcttaccaca ccacttgcac 2040 cctgctgagg
ctttctcatc ccaactatct gtaggatctg agatctttgg tctagttgct 2100
gtgttgttaa gttccccata tatacccctg aagcctgggg cctttcagac ctcatgatct
2160 tggccttcag cttctcaagg tcagccgcaa gagacatcag ttcttctgca
ctgagcctcc 2220 ccactttcaa aacattcttc tttgatgttg actttaaatc
cacaagagaa tgtacagtct 2280 ggttgagact tctgagtctc tgtaggtctt
tgtcatctct cttttccttc ctcatgatcc 2340 tctgaacatt gctgacctca
gagaagtcca acccattcag aaggttggtt gcatccttaa 2400 tgacagcagc
cttcacatct gatgtgaagc tctgcaattc tcttctcaat gcttgcgtcc 2460
attggaagct cttaacttcc ttagacaagg acatcttgtt gctcaatggt ttctcaagac
2520 aaatgcgcaa tcaaatgcct aggatccact gtgcg 2555 19 S segment 2 of
gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc tttttggatt r3LCMV-P1A gcgctttcct ctagatcaac
tgggtgtcag 60 (containing GP) gccctatcct acagaaggat gagcgacaac
aagaagcccg acaaggccca ctctggcagc 120 ggcggagatg gcgacggcaa
cagatgtaac ctgctgcaca gatacagcct ggaagagatc 180 ctgccctacc
tgggctggct ggtgttcgcc gtcgtgacaa caagcttcct ggccctgcag 240
atgttcatcg acgccctgta cgaggaacag tacgagaggg acgtggcctg gatcgccaga
300 cagagcaaga gaatgagcag cgtggacgag gacgaggatg atgaggacga
cgaagatgac 360 tactacgacg atgaggatga cgacgacgac gccttctacg
atgacgagga cgatgaagag 420 gaagaactgg aaaacctgat ggacgacgag
tccgaggatg aggccgagga agagatgagc 480 gtggaaatgg gcgctggcgc
cgaagagatg ggagccggcg ctaactgtgc ttgcgtgcca 540 ggacaccacc
tgagaaagaa cgaagtgaag tgccggatga tctacttctt ccacgacccc 600
aactttctgg tgtccatccc cgtgaacccc aaagaacaga tggaatgcag atgcgagaac
660 gccgacgaag aggtggccat ggaagaagaa gaggaagagg aagaagaaga
agaagaggaa 720 gaaatgggca accccgacgg cttcagcccc tgaagaacag
cgcctccctg actctccacc 780 tcgaaagagg tggagagtca gggaggccca
gagggtctca gcgtcttttc cagacggttt 840 ttacaccagg caccttaaat
gcaccacaac tacaaattcc tttgttggtt aatcggtgtg 900 gctttggaca
tgagccacct tttatgtgcc tgtgtgttgg tattttgaca aggtgcagga 960
agatgctgac tagatatgca gatgtggaaa acatcagaag gtccatcaat gctagggggg
1020 tactcccctg cctctttatg taatccttcc tcaacatctc tgtaatcatg
ttatcggctt 1080 cctgttcgat ttggtcactg aagtgggtct catttaagta
agaaccattg gtgacaagcc 1140 agcacttggg gacactagtt tcgccggtct
ttgcatgttc taggtaccaa aactttgagt 1200 aattgcaata tggcaccccc
atcagatctc tcaagtggtt cctcatcagt agttgatctg 1260 aaatcaaaga
attcactgtt gttttgaata agtgcaaggc agattctacg tcctctttga 1320
acttactcaa agcagccttg ttgtagtcaa ttagtcgcag catgtcacag aattcttcat
1380 catgatttac attgcatttc gcaactgctg tgttcccgaa acacttaagc
tctgcagcaa 1440 gaatcatcca tttggtcagg caataaccac ctggattctc
cacccctgaa gagtctgaca 1500
aagtccaggt gaatgtgccc gctagtctcc tagtggagaa cttagttttc tcttgggaaa
1560 ggagaatcct ggacatccca aaaggacctg catatgtgca gtggttttcc
caggttctat 1620 tttgtataat caggtattgg taactcgtct ggctacacca
ggtggtcttg ccatctgagc 1680 ctgtccagcc ccagccactc ctcatgtatt
tccccccgaa ggcagttcta aacatatcta 1740 ggactctacc tctgaaggtt
ctacactggc tctgagcact ttgtgcatct gagaatgtca 1800 agttgtattg
gatggttatg ccattgttga agtcgcagga tactgcctta tagttggagt 1860
tccctctgat actgaggtgt aggctcgaaa ctatactcat gagtgtgtgg tcaaaggtct
1920 ttttgttgaa ggcagaggtc agattgcaaa agttgtgact gatgatggaa
tcattggtga 1980 aggtcaattc tagtccagaa gtccccatac tgatgtaatg
gtgggagttg ttggctgaac 2040 atgcgttggg catggtcagg ttcagatgtg
acatatcaaa ctccactgac ttaaattggt 2100 aaactccttt gtaaatgtcg
ggtcccttaa gaccgtacat gccacaggac ctgccagcca 2160 gaagtaggaa
actgatcaat gcgaatatcc cacaggtggc aaaattgtag acagccttga 2220
tacccgtgat cacgataagc acaataatga caatgttgat cacctcatcg atgatgtgag
2280 gcagagcctc aaacattgtc acaatctgac ccatcttgtt gctcaatggt
ttctcaagac 2340 aaatgcgcaa tcaaatgcct aggatccact gtgcg 2375 20 L
segment of r3LCMV- gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc gtttagttgc P1A gctgtttggt
tgcacaactt tcttcgtgag 60 gctgtcagaa gtggacctgg ctgatagcga
tgggtcaagg caagtccaga gaggagaaag 120 gcaccaatag tacaaacagg
gccgaaatcc taccagatac cacctatctt ggccctttaa 180 gctgcaaatc
ttgctggcag aaatttgaca gcttggtaag atgccatgac cactaccttt 240
gcaggcactg tttaaacctt ctgctgtcag tatccgacag gtgtcctctt tgtaaatatc
300 cattaccaac cagattgaag atatcaacag ccccaagctc tccacctccc
tacgaagagt 360 aacaccgtcc ggccccggcc ccgacaaaca gcccagcaca
agggaaccgc acgtcaccca 420 acgcacacag acacagcacc caacacagaa
cacgcacaca cacacacaca cacacccaca 480 cgcacgcgcc cccaccaccg
gggggcgccc ccccccgggg ggcggccccc cgggagcccg 540 ggcggagccc
cacggagatg cccatcagtc gatgtcctcg gccaccgacc cgcccagcca 600
atcgtcgcag gacctcccct tgagtctaaa cctgcccccc actgtttcat acatcaaagt
660 gctcctagat ttgctaaaac aaagtctgca atccttaaag gcgaaccagt
ctggcaaaag 720 cgacagtgga atcagcagaa tagatctgtc tatacatagt
tcctggagga ttacacttat 780 ctctgaaccc aacaaatgtt caccagttct
gaatcgatgc aggaagaggt tcccaaggac 840 atcactaatc ttttcatagc
cctcaagtcc tgctagaaag actttcatgt ccttggtctc 900 cagcttcaca
atgatatttt ggacaaggtt tcttccttca aaaagggcac ccatctttac 960
agtcagtggc acaggctccc actcaggtcc aactctctca aagtcaatag atctaatccc
1020 atccagtatt cttttggagc ccaacaactc aagctcaaga gaatcaccaa
gtatcaaggg 1080 atcttccatg taatcctcaa actcttcaga tctgatatca
aagacaccat cgttcacctt 1140 gaagacagag tctgtcctca gtaagtggag
gcattcatcc aacattcttc tatctatctc 1200 acccttaaag aggtgagagc
atgataaaag ttcagccaca cctggattct gtaattggca 1260 cctaaccaag
aatatcaatg aaaatttcct taaacagtca gtattattct gattgtgcgt 1320
aaagtccact gaaattgaaa actccaatac cccttttgtg tagttgagca tgtagtccca
1380 cagatccttt aaggatttaa atgcctttgg gtttgtcagg ccctgcctaa
tcaacatggc 1440 agcattacac acaacatctc ccattcggta agagaaccac
ccaaaaccaa actgcaaatc 1500 attcctaaac ataggcctct ccacattttt
gttcaccacc tttgagacaa atgattgaaa 1560 ggggcccagt gcctcagcac
catcttcaga tggcatcatt tctttatgag ggaaccatga 1620 aaaattgcct
aatgtcctgg ttgttgcaac aaattctcga acaaatgatt caaaatacac 1680
ctgttttaag aagttcttgc agacatccct cgtgctaaca acaaattcat caaccagact
1740 ggagtcagat cgctgatgag aattggcaag gtcagaaaac agaacagtgt
aatgttcatc 1800 ccttttccac ttaacaacat gagaaatgag tgacaaggat
tctgagttaa tatcaattaa 1860 aacacagagg tcaaggaatt taattctggg
actccacctc atgttttttg agctcatgtc 1920 agacataaat ggaagaagct
gatcctcaaa gatcttggga tatagccgcc tcacagattg 1980 aatcacttgg
ttcaaattca ctttgtcctc cagtagcctt gagctctcag gctttcttgc 2040
tacataatca catgggttta agtgcttaag agttaggttc tcactgttat tcttcccttt
2100 ggtcggttct gctaggaccc aaacacccaa ctcaaaagag ttgctcaatg
aaatacaaat 2160 gtagtcccaa agaagaggcc ttaaaaggca tatatgatca
cggtgggctt ctggatgaga 2220 ctgtttgtca caaatgtaca gcgttatacc
atcccgattg caaactcttg tcacatgatc 2280 atctgtggtt agatcctcaa
gcagcttttt gatatacaga ttttccctat ttttgtttct 2340 cacacacctg
cttcctagag ttttgcaaag gcctataaag ccagatgaga tacaactctg 2400
gaaagctgac ttgttgattg cttctgacag cagcttctgt gcaccccttg tgaatttact
2460 acaaagtttg ttctggagtg tcttgatcaa tgatgggatt ctttcctctt
ggaaagtcat 2520 cactgatgga taaaccacct tttgtcttaa aaccatcctt
aatgggaaca tttcattcaa 2580 attcaaccag ttaacatctg ctaactgatt
cagatcttct tcaagaccga ggaggtctcc 2640 caattgaaga atggcctcct
ttttatctct gttaaatagg tctaagaaaa attcttcatt 2700 aaattcacca
tttttgagct tatgatgcag tttccttaca agctttctta caacctttgt 2760
ttcattagga cacagttcct caatgagtct ttgtattctg taacctctag aaccatccag
2820 ccaatctttc acatcagtgt tggtattcag tagaaatgga tccaaaggga
aattggcata 2880 ctttaggagg tccagtgttc tcctttggat actattaact
agggagactg ggacgccatt 2940 tgcgatggct tgatctgcaa ttgtatctat
tgtttcacaa agttgatgtg gctctttaca 3000 cttgacattg tgtagcgctg
cagatacaaa ctttgtgaga agagggactt cctcccccca 3060 tacatagaat
ctagatttaa attctgcagc gaacctccca gccacacttt ttgggctgat 3120
aaatttgttt aacaagccgc tcagatgaga ttggaattcc aacaggacaa ggacttcctc
3180 cggatcactt acaaccaggt cactcagcct cctatcaaat aaagtgatct
gatcatcact 3240 tgatgtgtaa gcctctggtc tttcgccaaa gataacacca
atgcagtagt tgatgaacct 3300 ctcgctaagc aaaccataga agtcagaagc
attatgcaag attccctgcc ccatatcaat 3360 aaggctggat atatgggatg
gcactatccc catttcaaaa tattgtctga aaattctctc 3420 agtaacagtt
gtttctgaac ccctgagaag ttttagcttc gacttgacat atgatttcat 3480
cattgcattc acaacaggaa aggggacctc gacaagctta tgcatgtgcc aagttaacaa
3540 agtgctaaca tgatctttcc cggaacgcac atactggtca tcacctagtt
tgagattttg 3600 tagaaacatt aagaacaaaa atgggcacat cattggtccc
catttgctgt gatccatact 3660 atagtttaag aacccttccc gcacattgat
agtcattgac aagattgcat tttcaaattc 3720 cttatcattg tttaaacagg
agcctgaaaa gaaacttgaa aaagactcaa aataatcttc 3780 tattaacctt
gtgaacattt ttgtcctcaa atctccaata tagagttctc tatttccccc 3840
aacctgctct ttataagata gtgcaaattt cagccttcca gagtcaggac ctactgaggt
3900 gtatgatgtt ggtgattctt ctgagtagaa gcacagattt ttcaaagcag
cactcataca 3960 ttgtgtcaac gacagagctt tactaaggga ctcagaatta
ctttccctct cactgattct 4020 cacgtcttct tccagtttgt cccagtcaaa
tttgaaattc aagccttgcc tttgcatatg 4080 cctgtatttc cctgagtacg
catttgcatt catttgcaac agaatcatct tcatgcaaga 4140 aaaccaatca
ttctcagaaa agaactttct acaaaggttt tttgccatct catcgaggcc 4200
acactgatct ttaatgactg aggtgaaata caaaggtgac agctctgtgg aaccctcaac
4260 agcctcacag ataaatttca tgtcatcatt ggttagacat gatgggtcaa
agtcttctac 4320 taaatggaaa gatatttctg acaagataac ttttcttaag
tgagccatct tccctgttag 4380 aataagctgt aaatgatgta gtccttttgt
atttgtaagt ttttctccat ctcctttgtc 4440 attggccctc ctacctcttc
tgtaccgtgc tattgtggtg ttgacctttt cttcgagact 4500 tttgaagaag
cttgtctctt cttctccatc aaaacatatt tctgccaggt tgtcttccga 4560
tctccctgtc tcttctccct tggaaccgat gaccaatcta gagactaact tggaaacttt
4620 atattcatag tctgagtggc tcaacttata cttttgtttt cttacgaaac
tctccgtaat 4680 ttgactcaca gcactaacaa gcaatttgtt aaagtcatat
tccagaagtc gttctccatt 4740 tagatgctta ttaaccacca cacttttgtt
actagcaaga tctaatgctg tcgcacatcc 4800 agagttagtc atgggatcta
ggctgtttag cttcttctct cctttgaaaa ttaaagtgcc 4860 gttgttaaat
gaagacacca ttaggctaaa ggcttccaga ttaacacctg gagttgtatg 4920
ctgacagtca atttctttac tagtgaatct cttcatttgc tcatagaaca cacattcttc
4980 ctcaggagtg attgcttcct tggggttgac aaaaaaacca aattgacttt
tgggctcaaa 5040 gaacttttca aaacatttta tctgatctgt tagcctgtca
ggggtctcct ttgtgatcaa 5100 atgacacagg tatgacacat tcaacataaa
tttaaatttt gcactcaaca acaccttctc 5160 accagtacca aaaatagttt
ttattaggaa tctaagcagc ttatacacca ccttctcagc 5220 aggtgtgatc
agatcctccc tcaacttatc cattaatgat gtagatgaaa aatctgacac 5280
tattgccatc accaaatatc tgacactctg tacctgcttt tgatttctct ttgttgggtt
5340 ggtgagcatt agcaacaata gggtcctcag tgcaacctca atgtcggtga
gacagtcttt 5400 caaatcagga catgatctaa tccatgaaat catgatgtct
atcatattgt ataagacctc 5460 atctgaaaaa attggtaaaa agaacctttt
aggatctgca tagaaggaaa ttaaatgacc 5520 atccgggcct tgtatggagt
agcaccttga agattctcca gtcttctggt ataataggtg 5580 gtattcttca
gagtccagtt ttattacttg gcaaaacact tctttgcatt ctaccacttg 5640
atatctcaca gaccctattt gattttgcct tagtctagca actgagctag ttttcatact
5700 gtttgttaag gccagacaaa cagatgataa tcttctcagg ctctgtatgt
tcttcagctg 5760 ctctgtgctg ggttggaaat tgtaatcttc aaacttcgta
taatacatta tcgggtgagc 5820 tccaattttc ataaagttct caaattcagt
gaatggtatg tggcattctt gctcaaggtg 5880 ttcagacagt ccgtaatgct
cgaaactcag tcccaccact aacaggcatt tttgaatttt 5940 tgcaatgaac
tcactaatag atgccctaaa caattcctca aaagacacct ttctaaacac 6000
ctttgacttt tttctattcc tcaaaagtct aatgaactcc tctttagtgc tgtgaaagct
6060 taccagccta tcattcacac tactatagca acaacccacc cagtgtttat
cattttttaa 6120 ccctttgaat ttcgactgtt ttatcaatga ggaaagacac
aaaacatcca gatttaacaa 6180 ctgtctcctt ctagtattca acagtttcaa
actcttgact ttgtttaaca tagagaggag 6240 cctctcatat tcagtgctag
tctcacttcc cctttcgtgc ccatgggtct ctgcagttat 6300 gaatctcatc
aaaggacagg attcgactgc ctccctgctt aatgttaaga tatcatcact 6360
atcagcaagg ttttcataga gctcagagaa ttccttgatc aagccttcag ggtttacttt
6420 ctgaaagttt ctctttaatt tcccactttc taaatctctt ctaaacctgc
tgaaaagaga 6480 gtttattcca aaaaccacat catcacagct catgttgggg
ttgatgcctt cgtggcacat 6540 cctcataatt tcatcattgt gagttgacct
cgcatctttc agaattttca tagagtccat 6600
accggagcgc ttgtcgatag tagtcttcag ggactcacag agtctaaaat attcagactc
6660 ttcaaagact ttctcatttt ggttagaata ctccaaaagt ttgaataaaa
ggtctctaaa 6720 tttgaagttt gcccactctg gcataaaact attatcataa
tcacaacgac catctactat 6780 tggaactaat gtgacacccg caacagcaag
gtcttccctg atgcatgcca atttgttagt 6840 gtcctctata aatttcttct
caaaactggc tggagtgctc ctaacaaaac actcaagaag 6900 aatgagagaa
ttgtctatca gcttgtaacc atcaggaatg ataagtggta gtcctgggca 6960
tacaattcca gactccacca aaattgtttc cacagactta tcgtcgtggt tgtgtgtgca
7020 gccactcttg tctgcactgt ctatttcaat gcagcgtgac agcaacttga
gtccctcaat 7080 cagaaccatt ctgggttccc tttgtcccag aaagttgagt
ttctgccttg acaacctctc 7140 atcctgttct atatagttta aacataactc
tctcaattct gagatgattt catccattgc 7200 gcatcaaaaa gcctaggatc
ctcggtgcg 7229 21 S segment 1 of gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc gattttggtt
r3JUNV-P1A acgctataat tgtaactgtt ttctgtttgg 60 (containing NP)
acaacatcaa aaacatccat tgcacaatga gcgacaacaa gaagcccgac aaggcccact
120 ctggcagcgg cggagatggc gacggcaaca gatgtaacct gctgcacaga
tacagcctgg 180 aagagatcct gccctacctg ggctggctgg tqttcqccqt
cqtqacaaca aqcttcctqq 240 ccctgcagat gttcatcgac gccctgtacg
aggaacagta cgagagggac gtggcctgga 300 tcgccagaca gagcaagaga
atgagcagcg tggacgagga cgaggatgat gaggacgacg 360 aagatgacta
ctacgacgat gaggatgacg acgacgacgc cttctacgat gacgaggacg 420
atgaagagga agaactggaa aacctgatgg acgacgagtc cgaggatgag gccgaggaag
480 agatgagcgt ggaaatgggc gctggcgccg aagagatggg agccggcgct
aactgtgctt 540 gcgtgccagg acaccacctg agaaagaacg aagtgaagtg
ccggatgatc tacttcttcc 600 acgaccccaa ctttctggtg tccatccccg
tgaaccccaa agaacagatg gaatgcagat 660 gcgagaacgc cgacgaagag
gtggccatgg aagaagaaga ggaagaggaa gaagaagaag 720 aagaggaaga
aatgggcaac cccgacggct tcagcccctg agacctcctg agggtcccca 780
ccagcccggg cactgcccgg gctggtgtgg ccccccagtc cgcggcctgg ccgcggactg
840 gggaggcact gcttacagtg cataggctgc cttcgggagg aacagcaagc
tcggtggtaa 900 tagaggtgta ggttcctcct catagagctt cccatctagc
actgactgaa acattatgca 960 gtctagcaga gcacagtgtg gttcactgga
ggccaacttg aagggagtat ccttttccct 1020 ctttttctta ttgacaacca
ctccattgtg atatttgcat aagtgaccat atttctccca 1080 gacctgttga
tcaaactgcc tggcttgttc agatgtgagc ttaacatcaa ccagtttaag 1140
atctcttctt ccatggaggt caaacaactt cctgatgtca tcggatcctt gagtagtcac
1200 aaccatgtct ggaggcagca agccgatcac gtaactaaga actcctggca
ttgcatcttc 1260 tatgtccttc attaagatgc cgtgagagtg tctgctacca
tttttaaacc ctttctcatc 1320 atgtggtttt ctgaagcagt gaatgtactg
cttacctgca ggttggaata atgccatctc 1380 aacagggtca gtggctggtc
cttcaatgtc gagccaaagg gtgttggtgg ggtcgagttt 1440 ccccactgcc
tctctgatga cagcttcttg tatctctgtc aagttagcca atctcaaatt 1500
ctgaccgttt ttttccggct gtctaggacc agcaactggt ttccttgtca gatcaatact
1560 tgtgttgtcc catgacctgc ctgtgatttg tgatctagaa ccaatataag
gccaaccatc 1620 gccagaaaga caaagtttgt acaaaaggtt ttcataagga
tttctattgc ctggtttctc 1680 atcaataaac atgccttctc ttcgtttaac
ctgaatggtt gattttatga gggaagagaa 1740 gttttctggg gtgactctga
ttgtttccaa catgtttcca ccatcaagaa tagatgctcc 1800 agcctttact
gcagctgaaa gactgaagtt gtaaccagaa atattgatgg agctttcatc 1860
tttagtcaca atctgaaggc agtcatgttc ctgagtcagt ctgtcaaggt cacttaagtt
1920 tggatacttc acagtgtata gaagcccaag tgaggttaaa gcttgtatga
cactgttcat 1980 tgtctcacct ccttgaacag tcatgcatgc aattgtcaat
gcaggaacag agccaaactg 2040 attgtttagc tttgaagggt ctttaacatc
ccatatcctc accacaccat ttcccccagt 2100 cccttgctgt tgaaatccca
gtgttctcaa tatctctgat cttttagcaa gttgtgactg 2160 ggacaagtta
cccatgtaaa ccccctgaga gcctgtctct gctcttctta tcttgttttt 2220
taatttctca aggtcagacg ccaactccat cagttcatcc ctccccagat ctcccacctt
2280 gaaaactgtg tttcgttgaa cactcctcat ggacatgagt ctgtcaacct
ctttattcag 2340 gtccctcaac ttgttgagat cttcttcccc ctttttagtc
tttctgagtg cccgctgcac 2400 ctgtgccact tggttgaagt cgatgctgtc
agcaattagc ttggcgtcct tcaaaacatc 2460 tgacttgaca gtctgagtga
attggctcaa acctctcctt aaggactgag tccatctaaa 2520 gcttggaacc
tccttggagt gtgccatgcc agaagttctg gtgattttga tctagaatag 2580
agttgctcag tgaaagtgtt agacactatg cctaggatcc actgtgcg 2628 22 S
segment 2 of gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc gattttggtt r3JUNV-P1A acgctataat
tgtaactgtt ttctgtttgg 60 (containing GP) acaacatcaa aaacatccat
tgcacaatga gcgacaacaa gaagcccgac aaggcccact 120 ctggcagcgg
cggagatggc gacggcaaca gatgtaacct gctgcacaga tacagcctgg 180
aagagatcct gccctacctg ggctggctgg tgttcgccgt cgtgacaaca agcttcctgg
240 ccctgcagat gttcatcgac gccctgtacg aggaacagta cgagagggac
gtggcctgga 300 tcgccagaca gagcaagaga atgagcagcg tggacgagga
cgaggatgat gaggacgacg 360 aagatgacta ctacgacgat gaggatgacg
acgacgacgc cttctacgat gacgaggacg 420 atgaagagga agaactggaa
aacctgatgg acgacgagtc cgaggatgag gccgaggaag 480 agatgagcgt
ggaaatgggc gctggcgccg aagagatggg agccggcgct aactgtgctt 540
gcgtgccagg acaccacctg agaaagaacg aagtgaagtg ccggatgatc tacttcttcc
600 acgaccccaa ctttctggtg tccatccccg tgaaccccaa agaacagatg
gaatgcagat 660 gcgagaacgc cgacgaagag gtggccatgg aagaagaaga
ggaagaggaa gaagaagaag 720 aagaggaaga aatgggcaac cccgacggct
tcagcccctg agacctcctg agggtcccca 780 ccagcccggg cactgcccgg
gctggtgtgg ccccccagtc cgcggcctgg ccgcggactg 840 gggaggcact
gcatggggca gttcattagc ttcatgcaag aaataccaac ctttttgcag 900
gaggctctga acattgctct tgttgcagtc agtctcattg ccatcattaa gggtatagtg
960 aacttgtaca aaagtggttt attccaattc tttgtattcc tagcgcttgc
aggaagatcc 1020 tgcacagaag aagctttcaa aatcggactg cacactgagt
tccagactgt gtccttctca 1080 atggtgggtc tcttttccaa caatccacat
gacctacctt tgttgtgtac cttaaacaag 1140 agccatcttt acattaaggg
gggcaatgct tcatttcaga tcagctttga tgatattgca 1200 gtattgttgc
cacagtatga tgttataata caacatccag cagatatgag ctggtgttcc 1260
aaaagtgatg atcaaatttg gttgtctcag tggttcatga atgctgtggg acatgattgg
1320 catctagacc caccatttct gtgtaggaac cgtgcaaaga cagaaggctt
catctttcaa 1380 gtcaacacct ccaagactgg tgtcaatgga aattatgcta
agaagtttaa gactggcatg 1440 catcatttat atagagaata tcctgaccct
tgcttgaatg gcaaactgtg cttaatgaag 1500 gcacaaccta ccagttggcc
tctccaatgt ccactcgacc acgttaacac attacacttc 1560 cttacaagag
gtaaaaacat tcaacttcca aggaggtcct tgaaagcatt cttctcctgg 1620
tctttgacag actcatccgg caaggatacc cctggaggct attgtctaga agagtggatg
1680 ctcgtagcag ccaaaatgaa gtgttttggc aatactgctg tagcaaaatg
caatttgaat 1740 catgactctg aattctgtga catgttgagg ctctttgatt
acaacaaaaa tgctatcaaa 1800 accctaaatg atgaaactaa gaaacaagta
aatctgatgg ggcagacaat caatgccctg 1860 atatctgaca atttattgat
gaaaaacaaa attagggaac tgatgagtgt cccttactgc 1920 aattacacaa
aattttggta tgtcaaccac acactttcag gacaacactc attaccaagg 1980
tgctggttaa taaaaaacaa cagctatttg aacatctctg acttccgtaa tgactggata
2040 ttagaaagtg acttcttaat ttctgaaatg ctaagcaaag agtattcgga
caggcagggt 2100 aaaactcctt tgactttagt tgacatctgt atttggagca
cagtattctt cacagcgtca 2160 ctcttccttc acttggtggg tataccctcc
cacagacaca tcaggggcga agcatgccct 2220 ttgccacaca ggttgaacag
cttgggtggt tgcagatgtg gtaagtaccc caatctaaag 2280 aaaccaacag
tttggcgtag aggacactaa gccagaagtt ctggtgattt tgatctagaa 2340
tagagttgct cagtgaaagt gttagacact atgcctagga tccactgtgc g 2391 23 L
segment of r3JUNV- gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc gtaacttcat P1A cattaaaatc
tcagattctg ctctgagtgt 60 gacttactgc gaagaggcag acaaatgggc
aactgcaacg gggcatccaa gtctaaccag 120 ccagactcct caagagccac
acagccagcc gcagaattta ggagggtagc tcacagcagt 180 ctatatggta
gatataactg taagtgctgc tggtttgctg ataccaattt gataacctgt 240
aatgatcact acctttgttt aaggtgccat cagggtatgt taaggaattc agatctctgc
300 aatatctgct ggaagcccct gcccaccaca atcacagtac cggtggagcc
aacagcacca 360 ccaccatagg cagactgcac agggtcagac ccgacccccc
ggggggcccc catggggacc 420 ccccgtgggg gaaccccggg ggtgatgcgc
cattagtcaa tgtctttgat ctcgactttg 480 tgcttcagtg gcctgcatgt
cacccctttc aatctgaact gcccttgggg atctgatatc 540 agcaggtcat
ttaaagatct gctgaatgcc accttgaaat ttgagaattc caaccagtca 600
ccaaatttat caagtgaacg gatcaactgc tctttgtgta gatcataaac gaggacaaag
660 tcctcttgct gaaataatat tgtttgtgat gttgttttta gataaggcca
tagttggctt 720 aataaggttt ccacactatc aatgtcctct agtgctccaa
ttgccttgac tatgacatcc 780 ccagacaact caactctata tgttgacaac
ctttcattac ctctgtaaaa gataccctct 840 ttcaagacaa gaggttctcc
tgggttatct ggcccaatga ggtcatatgc atacttgtta 900 cttagttcag
aataaaagtc accaaagttg aacttaacat ggctcagaat attgtcatca 960
tttgtcgcag cgtagcctgc atcaataaac aagccagcta ggtcaaagct ctcatggcct
1020 gtgaacaatg gtaggctagc gataaccagt gcaccatcca acaatgagtg
gcttccctca 1080 gacccagaaa cacattgact cattgcatcc acattcagct
ctaattcagg ggtaccgaca 1140 tcatccactc ctagtgaact gacaatggtg
taactgtaca ccatctttct tctaagttta 1200 aattttgtcg aaactcgtgt
gtgttctact tgaatgatca attttagttt cacagcttct 1260 tggcaagcaa
cattgcgcaa cacagtgtgc aggtccatca tgtcttcctg aggcaacaag 1320
gagatgttgt caacagagac accctcaagg aaaaccttga tattatcaaa gctagaaact
1380 acataaccca ttgcaatgtc ttcaacaaac attgctcttg atactttatt
attcctaact 1440 gacaaggtaa aatctgtgag ttcagctaga tctacttgac
tgtcatcttc tagatctaga 1500 acttcattga accaaaagaa ggatttgaga
cacgatgttg acatgactag tgggtttatc 1560 atcgaagata agacaacttg
caccatgaag ttcctgcaaa cttgctgtgg gctgatgcca 1620 acttcccaat
ttgtatactc tgactgtcta acatgggctg aagcgcaatc actctgtttc 1680
acaatataaa cattattatc tcttactttc aataagtgac ttataatccc taagttttca
1740 ttcatcatgt ctagagccac acagacatct
agaaacttga gtcttccact atccaaagat 1800 ctgttcactt gaagatcatt
cataaagggt gccaaatgtt cttcaaatag tttggggtaa 1860 tttcttcgta
tagaatgcaa tacatggttc atgcctaatt ggtcttctat ctgtcgtact 1920
gctttgggtt taacagccca gaagaaattc ttattacata agaccagagg ggcctgtgga
1980 ctcttaatag cagaaaacac ccactcccct aactcacagg catttgtcag
caccaaagag 2040 aagtaatccc acaaaattgg tttagaaaat tggttaactt
ctttaagtga tttttgacag 2100 taaataactt taggctttct ctcacaaatt
ccacaaagac atggcattat tcgagtaaat 2160 atgtccttta tatacagaaa
tccgccttta ccatccctaa cacacttact ccccatactc 2220 ttacaaaacc
caatgaagcc tgaggcaaca gaagactgaa atgcagattt gttgattgac 2280
tctgccaaga tcttcttcac gccttttgtg aaatttcttg acagcctgga ctgtattgtc
2340 cttatcaatg ttggcatctc ttctttctct aacactcttc gacttgtcat
gagtttggtc 2400 ctcaagacca acctcaagtc cccaaagctc gctaaattga
cccatctgta gtctagagtt 2460 tgtctgattt catcttcact acacccggca
tattgcagga atccggataa agcctcatcc 2520 cctcccctgc ttatcaagtt
gataaggttt tcctcaaaga ttttgcctct cttaatgtca 2580 ttgaacactt
tcctcgcgca gttccttata aacattgtct ccttatcatc agaaaaaata 2640
gcttcaattt tcctctgtag acggtaccct ctagacccat caacccagtc tttgacatct
2700 tgttcttcaa tagctccaaa cggagtctct ctgtatccag agtatctaat
caattggttg 2760 actctaatgg aaatctttga cactatatga gtgctaaccc
cattagcaat acattgatca 2820 caaattgtgt ctatggtctc tgacagttgt
gttggagttt tacacttaac gttgtgtaga 2880 gcagcagaca caaacttggt
gagtaaagga gtctcttcac ccatgacaaa aaatcttgac 2940 ttaaactcag
caacaaaagt tcctatcaca ctctttgggc tgataaactt gtttaattta 3000
gaagataaga attcatggaa gcacaccatt tccagcagtt ctgtcctgtc ttgaaacttt
3060 tcatcactaa ggcaaggaat ttttataagg ctaacctggt catcgctgga
ggtataagtg 3120 acaggtatca catcatacaa taagtcaagt gcataacaca
gaaattgttc agtaattagc 3180 ccatataaat ctgatgtgtt gtgcaagatt
ccctggccca tgtccaagac agacattata 3240 tggctgggga cctggtccct
tgactgcaga tactggtgaa aaaactcttc accaacacta 3300 gtacagtcac
aacccattaa acctaaagat ctcttcaatt tccctacaca gtaggcttct 3360
gcaacattaa ttggaacttc aacgacctta tgaagatgcc atttgagaat gttcattact
3420 ggttcaagat tcacctttgt tctatctctg ggattcttca attctaatgt
gtacaaaaaa 3480 gaaaggaaaa gtgctgggct catagttggt ccccatttgg
agtggtcata tgaacaggac 3540 aagtcaccat tgttaacagc cattttcata
tcacagattg cacgttcgaa ttccttttct 3600 gaattcaagc atgtgtattt
cattgaacta cccacagctt ctgagaagtc ttcaactaac 3660 ctggtcatca
gcttagtgtt gaggtctccc acatacagtt ctctatttga gccaacctgc 3720
tccttataac ttagtccaaa tttcaagttc cctgtatttg agctgatgct tgtgaactct
3780 gtaggagagt cgtctgaata gaaacataaa ttccgtaggg ctgcatttgt
aaaataactt 3840 ttgtctagct tatcagcaat ggcttcagaa ttgctttccc
tggtactaag ccgaacctca 3900 tcctttagtc tcagaacttc actggaaaag
cccaatctag atctacttct atgctcataa 3960 ctacccaatt tctgatcata
atgtccttga attaaaagat acttgaagca ttcaaagaat 4020 tcatcttctt
ggtaggctat tgttgtcaaa ttttttaata acaaacccaa agggcagatg 4080
tcctgcggtg cttcaagaaa ataagtcaat ttaaatggag atagataaac agcatcacat
4140 aactctttat acacatcaga cctgagcaca tctggatcaa aatccttcac
ctcatgcatt 4200 gacacctctg ctttaatctc tctcaacact ccaaaagggg
cccacaatga ctcaagagac 4260 tctcgctcat caacagatgg attttttgat
ttcaacttgg tgatctcaac ttttgtcccc 4320 tcactattag ccatcttggc
tagtgtcatt tgtacgtcat ttctaatacc ctcaaaggcc 4380 cttacttgat
cctctgttaa actctcatac atcactgata attcttcttg attggttctg 4440
gttcttgaac cggtgctcac aagacctgtt agatttttta atattaagta gtccatggaa
4500 tcaggatcaa gattatacct gccttttgtt ttaaacctct cagccatagt
agaaacgcat 4560 gttgaaacaa gtttctcctt atcataaaca gaaagaatat
ttccaagttc gtcgagcttg 4620 gggattacca cacttttatt gcttgacaga
tccagagctg tgctagtgat gttaggcctg 4680 tagggattgc ttttcagttc
acctgtaact ttaagtcttc ctctattgaa gagagaaatg 4740 cagaaggaca
aaatctcttt acacactcct ggaatttgag tatctgagga agtcttagcc 4800
tctttggaaa agaatctgtc caatcctctt atcatggtgt cctcttgttc cagtgttaga
4860 ctcccactta gaggggggtt tacaacaaca caatcaaact tgactttggg
ctcaataaac 4920 ttctcaaaac actttatttg atctgtcagg cgatcaggtg
tctctttggt taccaagtga 4980 cacagataac taacatttaa tagatattta
aaccttcttg caaagtaaag atctgcatct 5040 tccccttcac ccaaaattgt
ctggaaaagt tccacagcca tcctctgaat cagcacctct 5100 gatccagaca
tgcagtcgac ccttaacttt gacatcaaat ccacatgatg gatttgattt 5160
gcatatgcca tcaagaaata tcttagacct tgtaaaaatg tctggttcct tttggaaggg
5220 gaacagagta cagctaacac taacaatctt aatattggcc ttgtcattgt
catgagttcg 5280 tggctaaaat ccaaccagct ggtcatttcc tcacacattt
caattaacac atcctccgaa 5340 aatataggca ggaaaaatct ctttggatca
cagtaaaaag agccttgttc ttccaatacc 5400 ccattgatgg atagatagat
agaatagcac cttgacttct cacctgtttt ttggtaaaac 5460 aagagaccaa
atgtattctt tgtcagatga aatctttgta cataacactc tcttagtcta 5520
acattcccaa aatatctaga atactctctt tcattgatta acaatcggga ggaaaatgat
5580 gtcttcatcg agttgaccaa tgcaagggaa atggaggaca aaatcctaaa
taatttcttc 5640 tgctcacctt ccactaagct gctgaatggc tgatgtctac
agattttctc aaattccttg 5700 ttaatagtat atctcatcac tggtctgtca
gaaacaagtg cctgagctaa aatcatcaag 5760 ctatccatat cagggtgttt
tattagtttt tccagctgtg accagagatc ttgatgagag 5820 ttcttcaatg
ttctggaaca cgcttgaacc cacttggggc tggtcatcaa tttcttcctt 5880
attagtttaa tcgcctccag aatatctaga agtctgtcat tgactaacat taacatttgt
5940 ccaacaacta ttcccgcatt tcttaacctt acaattgcat catcatgcgt
tttgaaaaga 6000 tcacaaagta aattgagtaa aactaagtcc agaaacagta
aagtgtttct cctggtgttg 6060 aaaactttta gacctttcac tttgttacac
acggaaaggg cttgaagata acacctctct 6120 acagcatcaa tagatataga
attctcatct gactggcttt ccatgttgac ttcatctatt 6180 ggatgcaatg
cgatagagta gactacatcc atcaacttgt ttgcacaaaa agggcagctg 6240
ggcacatcac tgtctttgtg gcttcctaat aagatcaagt catttataag cttagacttt
6300 tgtgaaaatt tgaatttccc caactgcttg tcaaaaatct ccttcttaaa
ccaaaacctt 6360 aactttatga gttcttctct tatgacagat tctctaatgt
ctcctctaac cccaacaaag 6420 agggattcat ttaacctctc atcataaccc
aaagaattct ttttcaagca ttcgatgttt 6480 tctaatccca agctctggtt
ttttgtgttg gacaaactat ggatcaatcg ctggtattct 6540 tgttcttcaa
tattaatctc ttgcataaat tttgatttct ttaggatgtc gatcagcaac 6600
caccgaactc tttcaacaac ccaatcagca aggaatctat tgctgtagct agatctgcca
6660 tcaaccacag gaaccaacgt aatccctgcc cttagtaggt cggactttag
gtttaagagc 6720 tttgacatgt cactcttcca ttttctctca aactcatcag
gattgaccct aacaaaggtt 6780 tccaatagga tgagtgtttt ccctgtgagt
ttgaagccat ccggaatgac ttttggaagg 6840 gtgggacata gtatgccata
gtcagacagg atcacatcaa caaacttctg atctgaattg 6900 atctgacagg
cgtgtgcctc acaggactca agctctacta aacttgacag aagtttgaac 6960
ccttccaaca acagagagct ggggtgatgt tgagataaaa agatgtccct ttggtatgct
7020 agctcctgtc tttctggaaa atgctttcta ataaggcttt ttatttcatt
tactgattcc 7080 tccatgctca agtgccgcct aggatcctcg gtgcg 7115 24
Amino acid sequence Met Ser Asp Asn Lys Lys Pro Asp Lys Ala of a
P815 mouse His Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Asp Gly Asp Gly
mastocytoma-derived Asn Arg Cys Asn Leu Leu His Arg Tyr Ser self
antigen P1A Leu Glu Glu Ile Leu Pro Tyr Leu Gly Trp Leu Val Phe Ala
Val Val Thr Thr Ser Phe Leu Ala Leu Gln Met Phe Ile Asp Ala Leu Tyr
Glu Glu Gln Tyr Glu Arg Asp Val Ala Trp Ile Ala Arg Gln Ser Lys Arg
Met Ser Ser Val Asp Glu Asp Glu Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp Tyr
Tyr Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp Asp Asp Asp Ala Phe Tyr Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp
Glu Glu Glu Glu Leu Glu Asn Leu Met Asp Asp Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu Ala
Glu Glu Glu Met Ser Val Glu Met Gly Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Met Gly Ala
Gly Ala Asn Cys Ala Cys Val Pro Gly His His Leu Arg Lys Asn Glu Val
Lys Cys Arg Met Ile Tyr Phe Phe His Asp Pro Asn Phe Leu Val Ser Ile
Pro Val Asn Pro Lys Glu Gln Met Glu Cys Arg Cys Glu Asn Ala Asp Glu
Glu Val Ala Met Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu
Glu Met Gly Asn Pro Asp Gly Phe Ser Pro
Sequence CWU 1
1
2413376DNALymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)cDNA sequence of
LCMV segment S complete genomic sequence 1cgcaccgggg atcctaggct
ttttggattg cgctttcctc tagatcaact gggtgtcagg 60ccctatccta cagaaggatg
ggtcagattg tgacaatgtt tgaggctctg cctcacatca 120tcgatgaggt
gatcaacatt gtcattattg tgcttatcgt gatcacgggt atcaaggctg
180tctacaattt tgccacctgt gggatattcg cattgatcag tttcctactt
ctggctggca 240ggtcctgtgg catgtacggt cttaagggac ccgacattta
caaaggagtt taccaattta 300agtcagtgga gtttgatatg tcacatctga
acctgaccat gcccaacgca tgttcagcca 360acaactccca ccattacatc
agtatgggga cttctggact agaattgacc ttcaccaatg 420attccatcat
cagtcacaac ttttgcaatc tgacctctgc cttcaacaaa aagacctttg
480accacacact catgagtata gtttcgagcc tacacctcag tatcagaggg
aactccaact 540ataaggcagt atcctgcgac ttcaacaatg gcataaccat
ccaatacaac ttgacattct 600cagatcgaca aagtgctcag agccagtgta
gaaccttcag aggtagagtc ctagatatgt 660ttagaactgc cttcgggggg
aaatacatga ggagtggctg gggctggaca ggctcagatg 720gcaagaccac
ctggtgtagc cagacgagtt accaatacct gattatacaa aatagaacct
780gggaaaacca ctgcacatat gcaggtcctt ttgggatgtc caggattctc
ctttcccaag 840agaagactaa gttcttcact aggagactag cgggcacatt
cacctggact ttgtcagact 900cttcaggggt ggagaatcca ggtggttatt
gcctgaccaa atggatgatt cttgctgcag 960agcttaagtg tttcgggaac
acagcagttg cgaaatgcaa tgtaaatcat gatgccgaat 1020tctgtgacat
gctgcgacta attgactaca acaaggctgc tttgagtaag ttcaaagagg
1080acgtagaatc tgccttgcac ttattcaaaa caacagtgaa ttctttgatt
tcagatcaac 1140tactgatgag gaaccacttg agagatctga tgggggtgcc
atattgcaat tactcaaagt 1200tttggtacct agaacatgca aagaccggcg
aaactagtgt ccccaagtgc tggcttgtca 1260ccaatggttc ttacttaaat
gagacccact tcagtgatca aatcgaacag gaagccgata 1320acatgattac
agagatgttg aggaaggatt acataaagag gcaggggagt acccccctag
1380cattgatgga ccttctgatg ttttccacat ctgcatatct agtcagcatc
ttcctgcacc 1440ttgtcaaaat accaacacac aggcacataa aaggtggctc
atgtccaaag ccacaccgat 1500taaccaacaa aggaatttgt agttgtggtg
catttaaggt gcctggtgta aaaaccgtct 1560ggaaaagacg ctgaagaaca
gcgcctccct gactctccac ctcgaaagag gtggagagtc 1620agggaggccc
agagggtctt agagtgtcac aacatttggg cctctaaaaa ttaggtcatg
1680tggcagaatg ttgtgaacag ttttcagatc tgggagcctt gctttggagg
cgctttcaaa 1740aatgatgcag tccatgagtg cacagtgcgg ggtgatctct
ttcttctttt tgtcccttac 1800tattccagta tgcatcttac acaaccagcc
atatttgtcc cacactttgt cttcatactc 1860cctcgaagct tccctggtca
tttcaacatc gataagctta atgtccttcc tattctgtga 1920gtccagaagc
tttctgatgt catcggagcc ttgacagctt agaaccatcc cctgcggaag
1980agcacctata actgacgagg tcaacccggg ttgcgcattg aagaggtcgg
caagatccat 2040gccgtgtgag tacttggaat cttgcttgaa ttgtttttga
tcaacgggtt ccctgtaaaa 2100gtgtatgaac tgcccgttct gtggttggaa
aattgctatt tccactggat cattaaatct 2160accctcaatg tcaatccatg
taggagcgtt ggggtcaatt cctcccatga ggtcttttaa 2220aagcattgtc
tggctgtagc ttaagcccac ctgaggtgga cctgctgctc caggcgctgg
2280cctgggtgaa ttgactgcag gtttctcgct tgtgagatca attgttgtgt
tttcccatgc 2340tctccccaca atcgatgttc tacaagctat gtatggccat
ccttcacctg aaaggcaaac 2400tttatagagg atgttttcat aagggttcct
gtccccaact tggtctgaaa caaacatgtt 2460gagttttctc ttggccccga
gaactgcctt caagaggtcc tcgctgttgc ttggcttgat 2520caaaattgac
tctaacatgt tacccccatc caacagggct gcccctgcct tcacggcagc
2580accaagacta aagttatagc cagaaatgtt gatgctggac tgctgttcag
tgatgacccc 2640cagaactggg tgcttgtctt tcagcctttc aagatcatta
agatttggat acttgactgt 2700gtaaagcaag ccaaggtctg tgagcgcttg
tacaacgtca ttgagcggag tctgtgactg 2760tttggccata caagccatag
ttagacttgg cattgtgcca aattgattgt tcaaaagtga 2820tgagtctttc
acatcccaaa ctcttaccac accacttgca ccctgctgag gctttctcat
2880cccaactatc tgtaggatct gagatctttg gtctagttgc tgtgttgtta
agttccccat 2940atatacccct gaagcctggg gcctttcaga cctcatgatc
ttggccttca gcttctcaag 3000gtcagccgca agagacatca gttcttctgc
actgagcctc cccactttca aaacattctt 3060ctttgatgtt gactttaaat
ccacaagaga atgtacagtc tggttgagac ttctgagtct 3120ctgtaggtct
ttgtcatctc tcttttcctt cctcatgatc ctctgaacat tgctgacctc
3180agagaagtcc aacccattca gaaggttggt tgcatcctta atgacagcag
ccttcacatc 3240tgatgtgaag ctctgcaatt ctcttctcaa tgcttgcgtc
cattggaagc tcttaacttc 3300cttagacaag gacatcttgt tgctcaatgg
tttctcaaga caaatgcgca atcaaatgcc 3360taggatccac tgtgcg
337623377DNALymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)LCMV clone 13
segment S complete sequence (GenBank DQ361065.2) 2gcgcaccggg
gatcctaggc tttttggatt gcgctttcct ctagatcaac tgggtgtcag 60gccctatcct
acagaaggat gggtcagatt gtgacaatgt ttgaggctct gcctcacatc
120atcgatgagg tgatcaacat tgtcattatt gtgcttatcg tgatcacggg
tatcaaggct 180gtctacaatt ttgccacctg tgggatattc gcattgatca
gtttcctact tctggctggc 240aggtcctgtg gcatgtacgg tcttaaggga
cccgacattt acaaaggagt ttaccaattt 300aagtcagtgg agtttgatat
gtcacatctg aacctgacca tgcccaacgc atgttcagcc 360aacaactccc
accattacat cagtatgggg acttctggac tagaattgac cttcaccaat
420gattccatca tcagtcacaa cttttgcaat ctgacctctg ccttcaacaa
aaagaccttt 480gaccacacac tcatgagtat agtttcgagc ctacacctca
gtatcagagg gaactccaac 540tataaggcag tatcctgcga cttcaacaat
ggcataacca tccaatacaa cttgacattc 600tcagatgcac aaagtgctca
gagccagtgt agaaccttca gaggtagagt cctagatatg 660tttagaactg
ccttcggggg gaaatacatg aggagtggct ggggctggac aggctcagat
720ggcaagacca cctggtgtag ccagacgagt taccaatacc tgattataca
aaatagaacc 780tgggaaaacc actgcacata tgcaggtcct tttgggatgt
ccaggattct cctttcccaa 840gagaagacta agttcctcac taggagacta
gcgggcacat tcacctggac tttgtcagac 900tcttcagggg tggagaatcc
aggtggttat tgcctgacca aatggatgat tcttgctgca 960gagcttaagt
gtttcgggaa cacagcagtt gcgaaatgca atgtaaatca tgatgaagaa
1020ttctgtgaca tgctgcgact aattgactac aacaaggctg ctttgagtaa
gttcaaagag 1080gacgtagaat ctgccttgca cttattcaaa acaacagtga
attctttgat ttcagatcaa 1140ctactgatga ggaaccactt gagagatctg
atgggggtgc catattgcaa ttactcaaag 1200ttttggtacc tagaacatgc
aaagaccggc gaaactagtg tccccaagtg ctggcttgtc 1260accaatggtt
cttacttaaa tgagacccac ttcagtgacc aaatcgaaca ggaagccgat
1320aacatgatta cagagatgtt gaggaaggat tacataaaga ggcaggggag
taccccccta 1380gcattgatgg accttctgat gttttccaca tctgcatatc
tagtcagcat cttcctgcac 1440cttgtcaaaa taccaacaca caggcacata
aaaggtggct catgtccaaa gccacaccga 1500ttaaccaaca aaggaatttg
tagttgtggt gcatttaagg tgcctggtgt aaaaaccgtc 1560tggaaaagac
gctgaagaac agcgcctccc tgactctcca cctcgaaaga ggtggagagt
1620cagggaggcc cagagggtct tagagtgtca caacatttgg gcctctaaaa
attaggtcat 1680gtggcagaat gttgtgaaca gttttcagat ctgggagcct
tgctttggag gcgctttcaa 1740aaatgatgca gtccatgagt gcacagtgcg
gggtgatctc tttcttcttt ttgtccctta 1800ctattccagt atgcatctta
cacaaccagc catatttgtc ccacactttg tcttcatact 1860ccctcgaagc
ttccctggtc atttcaacat cgataagctt aatgtccttc ctattctgtg
1920agtccagaag ctttctgatg tcatcggagc cttgacagct tagaaccatc
ccctgcggaa 1980gagcacctat aactgacgag gtcaacccgg gttgcgcatt
gaagaggtcg gcaagatcca 2040tgccgtgtga gtacttggaa tcttgcttga
attgtttttg atcaacgggt tccctgtaaa 2100agtgtatgaa ctgcccgttc
tgtggttgga aaattgctat ttccactgga tcattaaatc 2160taccctcaat
gtcaatccat gtaggagcgt tggggtcaat tcctcccatg aggtctttta
2220aaagcattgt ctggctgtag cttaagccca cctgaggtgg acctgctgct
ccaggcgctg 2280gcctgggtga attgactgca ggtttctcgc ttgtgagatc
aattgttgtg ttttcccatg 2340ctctccccac aatcgatgtt ctacaagcta
tgtatggcca tccttcacct gaaaggcaaa 2400ctttatagag gatgttttca
taagggttcc tgtccccaac ttggtctgaa acaaacatgt 2460tgagttttct
cttggccccg agaactgcct tcaagaggtc ctcgctgttg cttggcttga
2520tcaaaattga ctctaacatg ttacccccat ccaacagggc tgcccctgcc
ttcacggcag 2580caccaagact aaagttatag ccagaaatgt tgatgctgga
ctgctgttca gtgatgaccc 2640ccagaactgg gtgcttgtct ttcagccttt
caagatcatt aagatttgga tacttgactg 2700tgtaaagcaa gccaaggtct
gtgagcgctt gtacaacgtc attgagcgga gtctgtgact 2760gtttggccat
acaagccata gttagacttg gcattgtgcc aaattgattg ttcaaaagtg
2820atgagtcttt cacatcccaa actcttacca caccacttgc accctgctga
ggctttctca 2880tcccaactat ctgtaggatc tgagatcttt ggtctagttg
ctgtgttgtt aagttcccca 2940tatatacccc tgaagcctgg ggcctttcag
acctcatgat cttggccttc agcttctcaa 3000ggtcagccgc aagagacatc
agttcttctg cactgagcct ccccactttc aaaacattct 3060tctttgatgt
tgactttaaa tccacaagag aatgtacagt ctggttgaga cttctgagtc
3120tctgtaggtc tttgtcatct ctcttttcct tcctcatgat cctctgaaca
ttgctgacct 3180cagagaagtc caacccattc agaaggttgg ttgcatcctt
aatgacagca gccttcacat 3240ctgatgtgaa gctctgcaat tctcttctca
atgcttgcgt ccattggaag ctcttaactt 3300ccttagacaa ggacatcttg
ttgctcaatg gtttctcaag acaaatgcgc aatcaaatgc 3360ctaggatcca ctgtgcg
337737229DNALymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)LCMV clone 13
segment L complete sequence (GenBank DQ361066.1) 3gcgcaccggg
gatcctaggc gtttagttgc gctgtttggt tgcacaactt tcttcgtgag 60gctgtcagaa
gtggacctgg ctgatagcga tgggtcaagg caagtccaga gaggagaaag
120gcaccaatag tacaaacagg gccgaaatcc taccagatac cacctatctt
ggccctttaa 180gctgcaaatc ttgctggcag aaatttgaca gcttggtaag
atgccatgac cactaccttt 240gcaggcactg tttaaacctt ctgctgtcag
tatccgacag gtgtcctctt tgtaaatatc 300cattaccaac cagattgaag
atatcaacag ccccaagctc tccacctccc tacgaagagt 360aacaccgtcc
ggccccggcc ccgacaaaca gcccagcaca agggaaccgc acgtcaccca
420acgcacacag acacagcacc caacacagaa cacgcacaca cacacacaca
cacacccaca 480cgcacgcgcc cccaccaccg gggggcgccc ccccccgggg
ggcggccccc cgggagcccg 540ggcggagccc cacggagatg cccatcagtc
gatgtcctcg gccaccgacc cgcccagcca 600atcgtcgcag gacctcccct
tgagtctaaa cctgcccccc actgtttcat acatcaaagt 660gctcctagat
ttgctaaaac aaagtctgca atccttaaag gcgaaccagt ctggcaaaag
720cgacagtgga atcagcagaa tagatctgtc tatacatagt tcctggagga
ttacacttat 780ctctgaaccc aacaaatgtt caccagttct gaatcgatgc
aggaagaggt tcccaaggac 840atcactaatc ttttcatagc cctcaagtcc
tgctagaaag actttcatgt ccttggtctc 900cagcttcaca atgatatttt
ggacaaggtt tcttccttca aaaagggcac ccatctttac 960agtcagtggc
acaggctccc actcaggtcc aactctctca aagtcaatag atctaatccc
1020atccagtatt cttttggagc ccaacaactc aagctcaaga gaatcaccaa
gtatcaaggg 1080atcttccatg taatcctcaa actcttcaga tctgatatca
aagacaccat cgttcacctt 1140gaagacagag tctgtcctca gtaagtggag
gcattcatcc aacattcttc tatctatctc 1200acccttaaag aggtgagagc
atgataaaag ttcagccaca cctggattct gtaattggca 1260cctaaccaag
aatatcaatg aaaatttcct taaacagtca gtattattct gattgtgcgt
1320aaagtccact gaaattgaaa actccaatac cccttttgtg tagttgagca
tgtagtccca 1380cagatccttt aaggatttaa atgcctttgg gtttgtcagg
ccctgcctaa tcaacatggc 1440agcattacac acaacatctc ccattcggta
agagaaccac ccaaaaccaa actgcaaatc 1500attcctaaac ataggcctct
ccacattttt gttcaccacc tttgagacaa atgattgaaa 1560ggggcccagt
gcctcagcac catcttcaga tggcatcatt tctttatgag ggaaccatga
1620aaaattgcct aatgtcctgg ttgttgcaac aaattctcga acaaatgatt
caaaatacac 1680ctgttttaag aagttcttgc agacatccct cgtgctaaca
acaaattcat caaccagact 1740ggagtcagat cgctgatgag aattggcaag
gtcagaaaac agaacagtgt aatgttcatc 1800ccttttccac ttaacaacat
gagaaatgag tgacaaggat tctgagttaa tatcaattaa 1860aacacagagg
tcaaggaatt taattctggg actccacctc atgttttttg agctcatgtc
1920agacataaat ggaagaagct gatcctcaaa gatcttggga tatagccgcc
tcacagattg 1980aatcacttgg ttcaaattca ctttgtcctc cagtagcctt
gagctctcag gctttcttgc 2040tacataatca catgggttta agtgcttaag
agttaggttc tcactgttat tcttcccttt 2100ggtcggttct gctaggaccc
aaacacccaa ctcaaaagag ttgctcaatg aaatacaaat 2160gtagtcccaa
agaagaggcc ttaaaaggca tatatgatca cggtgggctt ctggatgaga
2220ctgtttgtca caaatgtaca gcgttatacc atcccgattg caaactcttg
tcacatgatc 2280atctgtggtt agatcctcaa gcagcttttt gatatacaga
ttttccctat ttttgtttct 2340cacacacctg cttcctagag ttttgcaaag
gcctataaag ccagatgaga tacaactctg 2400gaaagctgac ttgttgattg
cttctgacag cagcttctgt gcaccccttg tgaatttact 2460acaaagtttg
ttctggagtg tcttgatcaa tgatgggatt ctttcctctt ggaaagtcat
2520cactgatgga taaaccacct tttgtcttaa aaccatcctt aatgggaaca
tttcattcaa 2580attcaaccag ttaacatctg ctaactgatt cagatcttct
tcaagaccga ggaggtctcc 2640caattgaaga atggcctcct ttttatctct
gttaaatagg tctaagaaaa attcttcatt 2700aaattcacca tttttgagct
tatgatgcag tttccttaca agctttctta caacctttgt 2760ttcattagga
cacagttcct caatgagtct ttgtattctg taacctctag aaccatccag
2820ccaatctttc acatcagtgt tggtattcag tagaaatgga tccaaaggga
aattggcata 2880ctttaggagg tccagtgttc tcctttggat actattaact
agggagactg ggacgccatt 2940tgcgatggct tgatctgcaa ttgtatctat
tgtttcacaa agttgatgtg gctctttaca 3000cttgacattg tgtagcgctg
cagatacaaa ctttgtgaga agagggactt cctcccccca 3060tacatagaat
ctagatttaa attctgcagc gaacctccca gccacacttt ttgggctgat
3120aaatttgttt aacaagccgc tcagatgaga ttggaattcc aacaggacaa
ggacttcctc 3180cggatcactt acaaccaggt cactcagcct cctatcaaat
aaagtgatct gatcatcact 3240tgatgtgtaa gcctctggtc tttcgccaaa
gataacacca atgcagtagt tgatgaacct 3300ctcgctaagc aaaccataga
agtcagaagc attatgcaag attccctgcc ccatatcaat 3360aaggctggat
atatgggatg gcactatccc catttcaaaa tattgtctga aaattctctc
3420agtaacagtt gtttctgaac ccctgagaag ttttagcttc gacttgacat
atgatttcat 3480cattgcattc acaacaggaa aggggacctc gacaagctta
tgcatgtgcc aagttaacaa 3540agtgctaaca tgatctttcc cggaacgcac
atactggtca tcacctagtt tgagattttg 3600tagaaacatt aagaacaaaa
atgggcacat cattggtccc catttgctgt gatccatact 3660atagtttaag
aacccttccc gcacattgat agtcattgac aagattgcat tttcaaattc
3720cttatcattg tttaaacagg agcctgaaaa gaaacttgaa aaagactcaa
aataatcttc 3780tattaacctt gtgaacattt ttgtcctcaa atctccaata
tagagttctc tatttccccc 3840aacctgctct ttataagata gtgcaaattt
cagccttcca gagtcaggac ctactgaggt 3900gtatgatgtt ggtgattctt
ctgagtagaa gcacagattt ttcaaagcag cactcataca 3960ttgtgtcaac
gacagagctt tactaaggga ctcagaatta ctttccctct cactgattct
4020cacgtcttct tccagtttgt cccagtcaaa tttgaaattc aagccttgcc
tttgcatatg 4080cctgtatttc cctgagtacg catttgcatt catttgcaac
agaatcatct tcatgcaaga 4140aaaccaatca ttctcagaaa agaactttct
acaaaggttt tttgccatct catcgaggcc 4200acactgatct ttaatgactg
aggtgaaata caaaggtgac agctctgtgg aaccctcaac 4260agcctcacag
ataaatttca tgtcatcatt ggttagacat gatgggtcaa agtcttctac
4320taaatggaaa gatatttctg acaagataac ttttcttaag tgagccatct
tccctgttag 4380aataagctgt aaatgatgta gtccttttgt atttgtaagt
ttttctccat ctcctttgtc 4440attggccctc ctacctcttc tgtaccgtgc
tattgtggtg ttgacctttt cttcgagact 4500tttgaagaag cttgtctctt
cttctccatc aaaacatatt tctgccaggt tgtcttccga 4560tctccctgtc
tcttctccct tggaaccgat gaccaatcta gagactaact tggaaacttt
4620atattcatag tctgagtggc tcaacttata cttttgtttt cttacgaaac
tctccgtaat 4680ttgactcaca gcactaacaa gcaatttgtt aaagtcatat
tccagaagtc gttctccatt 4740tagatgctta ttaaccacca cacttttgtt
actagcaaga tctaatgctg tcgcacatcc 4800agagttagtc atgggatcta
ggctgtttag cttcttctct cctttgaaaa ttaaagtgcc 4860gttgttaaat
gaagacacca ttaggctaaa ggcttccaga ttaacacctg gagttgtatg
4920ctgacagtca atttctttac tagtgaatct cttcatttgc tcatagaaca
cacattcttc 4980ctcaggagtg attgcttcct tggggttgac aaaaaaacca
aattgacttt tgggctcaaa 5040gaacttttca aaacatttta tctgatctgt
tagcctgtca ggggtctcct ttgtgatcaa 5100atgacacagg tatgacacat
tcaacataaa tttaaatttt gcactcaaca acaccttctc 5160accagtacca
aaaatagttt ttattaggaa tctaagcagc ttatacacca ccttctcagc
5220aggtgtgatc agatcctccc tcaacttatc cattaatgat gtagatgaaa
aatctgacac 5280tattgccatc accaaatatc tgacactctg tacctgcttt
tgatttctct ttgttgggtt 5340ggtgagcatt agcaacaata gggtcctcag
tgcaacctca atgtcggtga gacagtcttt 5400caaatcagga catgatctaa
tccatgaaat catgatgtct atcatattgt ataagacctc 5460atctgaaaaa
attggtaaaa agaacctttt aggatctgca tagaaggaaa ttaaatgacc
5520atccgggcct tgtatggagt agcaccttga agattctcca gtcttctggt
ataataggtg 5580gtattcttca gagtccagtt ttattacttg gcaaaacact
tctttgcatt ctaccacttg 5640atatctcaca gaccctattt gattttgcct
tagtctagca actgagctag ttttcatact 5700gtttgttaag gccagacaaa
cagatgataa tcttctcagg ctctgtatgt tcttcagctg 5760ctctgtgctg
ggttggaaat tgtaatcttc aaacttcgta taatacatta tcgggtgagc
5820tccaattttc ataaagttct caaattcagt gaatggtatg tggcattctt
gctcaaggtg 5880ttcagacagt ccgtaatgct cgaaactcag tcccaccact
aacaggcatt tttgaatttt 5940tgcaatgaac tcactaatag atgccctaaa
caattcctca aaagacacct ttctaaacac 6000ctttgacttt tttctattcc
tcaaaagtct aatgaactcc tctttagtgc tgtgaaagct 6060taccagccta
tcattcacac tactatagca acaacccacc cagtgtttat cattttttaa
6120ccctttgaat ttcgactgtt ttatcaatga ggaaagacac aaaacatcca
gatttaacaa 6180ctgtctcctt ctagtattca acagtttcaa actcttgact
ttgtttaaca tagagaggag 6240cctctcatat tcagtgctag tctcacttcc
cctttcgtgc ccatgggtct ctgcagttat 6300gaatctcatc aaaggacagg
attcgactgc ctccctgctt aatgttaaga tatcatcact 6360atcagcaagg
ttttcataga gctcagagaa ttccttgatc aagccttcag ggtttacttt
6420ctgaaagttt ctctttaatt tcccactttc taaatctctt ctaaacctgc
tgaaaagaga 6480gtttattcca aaaaccacat catcacagct catgttgggg
ttgatgcctt cgtggcacat 6540cctcataatt tcatcattgt gagttgacct
cgcatctttc agaattttca tagagtccat 6600accggagcgc ttgtcgatag
tagtcttcag ggactcacag agtctaaaat attcagactc 6660ttcaaagact
ttctcatttt ggttagaata ctccaaaagt ttgaataaaa ggtctctaaa
6720tttgaagttt gcccactctg gcataaaact attatcataa tcacaacgac
catctactat 6780tggaactaat gtgacacccg caacagcaag gtcttccctg
atgcatgcca atttgttagt 6840gtcctctata aatttcttct caaaactggc
tggagtgctc ctaacaaaac actcaagaag 6900aatgagagaa ttgtctatca
gcttgtaacc atcaggaatg ataagtggta gtcctgggca 6960tacaattcca
gactccacca aaattgtttc cacagactta tcgtcgtggt tgtgtgtgca
7020gccactcttg tctgcactgt ctatttcaat gcagcgtgac agcaacttga
gtccctcaat 7080cagaaccatt ctgggttccc tttgtcccag aaagttgagt
ttctgccttg acaacctctc 7140atcctgttct atatagttta aacataactc
tctcaattct gagatgattt catccattgc 7200gcatcaaaaa gcctaggatc
ctcggtgcg 722947205DNALymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)LCMV
strain MP segment L complete sequence 4gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc
atttttgttg cgcattttgt tgtgttattt gttgcacagc 60ccttcatcgt gggaccttca
caaacaaacc aaaccaccag ccatgggcca aggcaagtcc 120aaagagggaa
gggatgccag caatacgagc agagctgaaa ttctgccaga caccacctat
180ctcggacctc tgaactgcaa gtcatgctgg cagagatttg acagtttagt
cagatgccat 240gaccactatc tctgcagaca ctgcctgaac ctcctgctgt
cagtctccga caggtgccct 300ctctgcaaac atccattgcc aaccaaactg
aaaatatcca cggccccaag ctctccaccc 360ccttacgagg agtgacgccc
cgagccccaa caccgacaca aggaggccac caacacaacg 420cccaacacgg
aacacacaca cacacaccca cacacacatc cacacacacg cgcccccaca
480acgggggcgc ccccccgggg gtggcccccc gggtgctcgg gcggagcccc
acggagaggc 540caattagtcg atctcctcga ccaccgactt ggtcagccag
tcatcacagg acttgccctt 600aagtctgtac ttgcccacaa ctgtttcata
catcaccgtg ttctttgact tactgaaaca 660tagcctacag tctttgaaag
tgaaccagtc aggcacaagt gacagcggta ccagtagaat 720ggatctatct
atacacaact cttggagaat tgtgctaatt tccgacccct gtagatgctc
780accagttctg aatcgatgta gaagaaggct cccaaggacg tcatcaaaat
ttccataacc 840ctcgagctct gccaagaaaa ctctcatatc cttggtctcc
agtttcacaa cgatgttctg 900aacaaggctt cttccctcaa aaagagcacc
cattctcaca gtcaagggca caggctccca 960ttcaggccca atcctctcaa
aatcaaggga tctgatcccg tccagtattt tccttgagcc 1020tatcagctca
agctcaagag agtcaccgag tatcaggggg tcctccatat agtcctcaaa
1080ctcttcagac ctaatgtcaa aaacaccatc gttcaccttg aagatagagt
ctgatctcaa 1140caggtggagg cattcgtcca agaaccttct gtccacctca
cctttaaaga ggtgagagca 1200tgataggaac tcagctacac ctggaccttg
taactggcac ttcactaaaa agatcaatga 1260aaacttcctc aaacaatcag
tgttattctg gttgtgagtg aaatctactg taattgagaa 1320ctctagcact
ccctctgtat tatttatcat gtaatcccac aagtttctca aagacttgaa
1380tgcctttgga tttgtcaagc cttgtttgat tagcatggca gcattgcaca
caatatctcc 1440caatcggtaa gagaaccatc caaatccaaa ttgcaagtca
ttcctaaaca tgggcctctc 1500catatttttg ttcactactt ttaagatgaa
tgattggaaa ggccccaatg cttcagcgcc 1560atcttcagat ggcatcatgt
ctttatgagg gaaccatgaa aaacttccta gagttctgct 1620tgttgctaca
aattctcgta caaatgactc aaaatacact tgttttaaaa agtttttgca
1680gacatccctt gtactaacga caaattcatc aacaaggctt gagtcagagc
gctgatggga 1740atttacaaga tcagaaaata gaacagtgta gtgttcgtcc
ctcttccact taactacatg 1800agaaatgagc gataaagatt ctgaattgat
atcgatcaat acgcaaaggt caaggaattt 1860gattctggga ctccatctca
tgttttttga gctcatatca gacatgaagg gaagcagctg 1920atcttcatag
attttagggt acaatcgcct cacagattgg attacatggt ttaaacttat
1980cttgtcctcc agtagccttg aactctcagg cttccttgct acataatcac
atgggttcaa 2040gtgcttgagg cttgagcttc cctcattctt ccctttcaca
ggttcagcta agacccaaac 2100acccaactca aaggaattac tcagtgagat
gcaaatatag tcccaaagga ggggcctcaa 2160gagactgatg tggtcgcagt
gagcttctgg atgactttgc ctgtcacaaa tgtacaacat 2220tatgccatca
tgtctgtgga ttgctgtcac atgcgcatcc atagctagat cctcaagcac
2280ttttctaatg tatagattgt ccctattttt atttctcaca catctacttc
ccaaagtttt 2340gcaaagacct ataaagcctg atgagatgca actttgaaag
gctgacttat tgattgcttc 2400tgacagcaac ttctgtgcac ctcttgtgaa
cttactgcag agcttgttct ggagtgtctt 2460gattaatgat gggattcttt
cctcttggaa agtcattact gatggataaa ccactttctg 2520cctcaagacc
attcttaatg ggaacaactc attcaaattc agccaattta tgtttgccaa
2580ttgacttaga tcctcttcga ggccaaggat gtttcccaac tgaagaatgg
cttccttttt 2640atccctattg aagaggtcta agaagaattc ttcattgaac
tcaccattct tgagcttatg 2700atgtagtctc cttacaagcc ttctcatgac
cttcgtttca ctaggacaca attcttcaat 2760aagcctttgg attctgtaac
ctctagagcc atccaaccaa tccttgacat cagtattagt 2820gttaagcaaa
aatgggtcca agggaaagtt ggcatatttt aagaggtcta atgttctctt
2880ctggatgcag tttaccaatg aaactggaac accatttgca acagcttgat
cggcaattgt 2940atctattgtt tcacagagtt ggtgtggctc tttacactta
acgttgtgta atgctgctga 3000cacaaatttt gttaaaagtg ggacctcttc
cccccacaca taaaatctgg atttaaattc 3060tgcagcaaat cgccccacca
cacttttcgg actgatgaac ttgttaagca agccactcaa 3120atgagaatga
aattccagca atacaaggac ttcctcaggg tcactatcaa ccagttcact
3180caatctccta tcaaataagg tgatctgatc atcacttgat gtgtaagatt
ctggtctctc 3240accaaaaatg acaccgatac aataattaat gaatctctca
ctgattaagc cgtaaaagtc 3300agaggcatta tgtaagattc cctgtcccat
gtcaatgaga ctgcttatat gggaaggcac 3360tattcctaat tcaaaatatt
ctcgaaagat tctttcagtc acagttgtct ctgaacccct 3420aagaagtttc
agctttgatt tgatatatga tttcatcatt gcattcacaa caggaaaagg
3480gacctcaaca agtttgtgca tgtgccaagt taataaggtg ctgatatgat
cctttccgga 3540acgcacatac tggtcatcac ccagtttgag attttgaagg
agcattaaaa acaaaaatgg 3600gcacatcatt ggcccccatt tgctatgatc
catactgtag ttcaacaacc cctctcgcac 3660attgatggtc attgatagaa
ttgcattttc aaattctttg tcattgttta agcatgaacc 3720tgagaagaag
ctagaaaaag actcaaaata atcctctatc aatcttgtaa acatttttgt
3780tctcaaatcc ccaatataaa gttctctgtt tcctccaacc tgctctttgt
atgataacgc 3840aaacttcaac cttccggaat caggaccaac tgaagtgtat
gacgttggtg actcctctga 3900gtaaaaacat aaattcttta aagcagcact
catgcatttt gtcaatgata gagccttact 3960tagagactca gaattacttt
ccctttcact aattctaaca tcttcttcta gtttgtccca 4020gtcaaacttg
aaattcagac cttgtctttg catgtgcctg tatttccctg agtatgcatt
4080tgcattcatt tgcagtagaa tcattttcat acacgaaaac caatcaccct
ctgaaaaaaa 4140cttcctgcag aggttttttg ccatttcatc cagaccacat
tgttctttga cagctgaagt 4200gaaatacaat ggtgacagtt ctgtagaagt
ttcaatagcc tcacagataa atttcatgtc 4260atcattggtg agacaagatg
ggtcaaaatc ttccacaaga tgaaaagaaa tttctgataa 4320gatgaccttc
cttaaatatg ccattttacc tgacaatata gtctgaaggt gatgcaatcc
4380ttttgtattt tcaaacccca cctcattttc cccttcattg gtcttcttgc
ttctttcata 4440ccgctttatt gtggagttga ccttatcttc taaattcttg
aagaaacttg tctcttcttc 4500cccatcaaag catatgtctg ctgagtcacc
ttctagtttc ccagcttctg tttctttaga 4560gccgataacc aatctagaga
ccaactttga aaccttgtac tcgtaatctg agtggttcaa 4620tttgtacttc
tgctttctca tgaagctctc tgtgatctga ctcacagcac taacaagcaa
4680tttgttaaaa tcatactcta ggagccgttc cccatttaaa tgtttgttaa
caaccacact 4740tttgttgctg gcaaggtcta atgctgttgc acacccagag
ttagtcatgg gatccaagct 4800attgagcctc ttctcccctt tgaaaatcaa
agtgccattg ttgaatgagg acaccatcat 4860gctaaaggcc tccagattga
cacctggggt tgtgcgctga cagtcaactt ctttcccagt 4920gaacttcttc
atttggtcat aaaaaacaca ctcttcctca ggggtgattg actctttagg
4980gttaacaaag aagccaaact cacttttagg ctcaaagaat ttctcaaagc
atttaatttg 5040atctgtcagc ctatcagggg tttcctttgt gattaaatga
cacaggtatg acacattcaa 5100catgaacttg aactttgcgc tcaacagtac
cttttcacca gtcccaaaaa cagttttgat 5160caaaaatctg agcaatttgt
acactacttt ctcagcaggt gtgatcaaat cctccttcaa 5220cttgtccatc
aatgatgtgg atgagaagtc tgagacaatg gccatcacta aatacctaat
5280gttttgaacc tgtttttgat tcctctttgt tgggttggtg agcatgagta
ataatagggt 5340tctcaatgca atctcaacat catcaatgct gtccttcaag
tcaggacatg atctgatcca 5400tgagatcatg gtgtcaatca tgttgtgcaa
cacttcatct gagaagattg gtaaaaagaa 5460cctttttggg tctgcataaa
aagagattag atggccattg ggaccttgta tagaataaca 5520ccttgaggat
tctccagtct tttgatacag caggtgatat tcctcagagt ccaattttat
5580cacttggcaa aatacctctt tacattccac cacttgatac cttacagagc
ccaattggtt 5640ttgtcttaat ctagcaactg aacttgtttt catactgttt
gtcaaagcta gacagacaga 5700tgacaatctt ttcaaactat gcatgttcct
taattgttcc gtattaggct ggaaatcata 5760atcttcaaac tttgtataat
acattatagg atgagttccg gacctcatga aattctcaaa 5820ctcaataaat
ggtatgtggc actcatgctc aagatgttca gacagaccat agtgcccaaa
5880actaagtccc accactgaca agcacctttg aacttttaaa atgaactcat
ttatggatgt 5940tctaaacaaa tcctcaagag atacctttct atacgccttt
gactttctcc tgttccttag 6000aagtctgatg aactcttcct tggtgctatg
aaagctcacc aacctatcat tcacactccc 6060atagcaacaa ccaacccagt
gcttatcatt ttttgaccct ttgagtttag actgtttgat 6120caacgaagag
agacacaaga catccaaatt cagtaactgt ctccttctgg tgttcaataa
6180ttttaaactt ttaactttgt tcaacataga gaggagcctc tcatactcag
tgctagtctc 6240acttcctctc tcataaccat gggtatctgc tgtgataaat
ctcatcaaag gacaggattc 6300aactgcctcc ttgcttagtg ctgaaatgtc
atcactgtca gcaagagtct cataaagctc 6360agagaattcc ttaattaaat
ttccggggtt gattttctga aaactcctct tgagcttccc 6420agtttccaag
tctcttctaa acctgctgta aagggagttt atgccaagaa ccacatcatc
6480gcagttcatg tttgggttga caccatcatg gcacattttc ataatttcat
cattgtgaaa 6540tgatcttgca tctttcaaga ttttcataga gtctataccg
gaacgcttat caacagtggt 6600cttgagagat tcgcaaagtc tgaagtactc
agattcctca aagactttct catcttggct 6660agaatactct aaaagtttaa
acagaaggtc tctgaacttg aaattcaccc actctggcat 6720aaagctgtta
tcataatcac accgaccatc cactattggg accaatgtga tacccgcaat
6780ggcaaggtct tctttgatac aggctagttt attggtgtcc tctataaatt
tcttctcaaa 6840actagctggt gtgcttctaa cgaagcactc aagaagaatg
agggaattgt caatcagttt 6900ataaccatca ggaatgatca aaggcagtcc
cgggcacaca atcccagact ctattagaat 6960tgcctcaaca gatttatcat
catggttgtg tatgcagccg ctcttgtcag cactgtctat 7020ctctatacaa
cgcgacaaaa gtttgagtcc ctctatcaat accattctgg gttctctttg
7080ccctaaaaag ttgagcttct gccttgacaa cctctcatct tgttctatgt
ggtttaagca 7140caactctctc aactccgaaa tagcctcatc cattgcgcat
caaaaagcct aggatcctcg 7200gtgcg 720553359DNALymphocytic
choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)LCMV strain MP segment S complete
sequence 5cgcaccgggg atcctaggct ttttggattg cgctttcctc agctccgtct
tgtgggagaa 60tgggtcaaat tgtgacgatg tttgaggctc tgcctcacat cattgatgag
gtcattaaca 120ttgtcattat cgtgcttatt atcatcacga gcatcaaagc
tgtgtacaat ttcgccacct 180gcgggatact tgcattgatc agctttcttt
ttctggctgg caggtcctgt ggaatgtatg 240gtcttgatgg gcctgacatt
tacaaagggg tttaccgatt caagtcagtg gagtttgaca 300tgtcttacct
taacctgacg atgcccaatg catgttcggc aaacaactcc catcattata
360taagtatggg gacttctgga ttggagttaa ccttcacaaa tgactccatc
atcacccaca 420acttttgtaa tctgacttcc gccctcaaca agaggacttt
tgaccacaca cttatgagta 480tagtctcaag tctgcacctc agcattagag
gggtccccag ctacaaagca gtgtcctgtg 540attttaacaa tggcatcact
attcaataca acctgtcatt ttctaatgca cagagcgctc 600tgagtcaatg
taagaccttc agggggagag tcctggatat gttcagaact gcttttggag
660gaaagtacat gaggagtggc tggggctgga caggttcaga tggcaagact
acttggtgca 720gccagacaaa ctaccaatat ctgattatac aaaacaggac
ttgggaaaac cactgcaggt 780acgcaggccc tttcggaatg tctagaattc
tcttcgctca agaaaagaca aggtttctaa 840ctagaaggct tgcaggcaca
ttcacttgga ctttatcaga ctcatcagga gtggagaatc 900caggtggtta
ctgcttgacc aagtggatga tcctcgctgc agagctcaag tgttttggga
960acacagctgt tgcaaagtgc aatgtaaatc atgatgaaga gttctgtgat
atgctacgac 1020tgattgatta caacaaggct gctttgagta aattcaaaga
agatgtagaa tccgctctac 1080atctgttcaa gacaacagtg aattctttga
tttctgatca gcttttgatg agaaatcacc 1140taagagactt gatgggagtg
ccatactgca attactcgaa attctggtat ctagagcatg 1200caaagactgg
tgagactagt gtccccaagt gctggcttgt cagcaatggt tcttatttga
1260atgaaaccca tttcagcgac caaattgagc aggaagcaga taatatgatc
acagaaatgc 1320tgagaaagga ctacataaaa aggcaaggga gtacccctct
agccttgatg gatctattga 1380tgttttctac atcagcatat ttgatcagca
tctttctgca tcttgtgagg ataccaacac 1440acagacacat aaagggcggc
tcatgcccaa aaccacatcg gttaaccagc aagggaatct 1500gtagttgtgg
tgcatttaaa gtaccaggtg tggaaaccac ctggaaaaga cgctgaacag
1560cagcgcctcc ctgactcacc acctcgaaag aggtggtgag tcagggaggc
ccagagggtc 1620ttagagtgtt acgacatttg gacctctgaa gattaggtca
tgtggtagga tattgtggac 1680agttttcagg tcggggagcc ttgccttgga
ggcgctttca aagatgatac agtccatgag 1740tgcacagtgt ggggtgacct
ctttcttttt cttgtccctc actattccag tgtgcatctt 1800gcatagccag
ccatatttgt cccagacttt gtcctcatat tctcttgaag cttctttagt
1860catctcaaca tcgatgagct taatgtctct tctgttttgt gaatctagga
gtttcctgat 1920gtcatcagat ccctgacaac ttaggaccat tccctgtgga
agagcaccta ttactgaaga 1980tgtcagccca ggttgtgcat tgaagaggtc
agcaaggtcc atgccatgtg agtatttgga 2040gtcctgcttg aattgttttt
gatcagtggg ttctctatag aaatgtatgt actgcccatt 2100ctgtggctga
aatattgcta tttctaccgg gtcattaaat ctgccctcaa tgtcaatcca
2160tgtaggagcg ttagggtcaa tacctcccat gaggtccttc agcaacattg
tttggctgta 2220gcttaagccc acctgaggtg ggcccgctgc cccaggcgct
ggtttgggtg agttggccat 2280aggcctctca tttgtcagat caattgttgt
gttctcccat gctctcccta caactgatgt 2340tctacaagct atgtatggcc
acccctcccc tgaaagacag actttgtaga ggatgttctc 2400gtaaggattc
ctgtctccaa cctgatcaga aacaaacatg ttgagtttct tcttggcccc
2460aagaactgct ttcaggagat cctcactgtt gcttggctta attaagatgg
attccaacat 2520gttaccccca tctaacaagg ctgcccctgc tttcacagca
gcaccgagac tgaaattgta 2580gccagatatg ttgatgctag actgctgctc
agtgatgact cccaagactg ggtgcttgtc 2640tttcagcctt tcaaggtcac
ttaggttcgg gtacttgact gtgtaaagca gcccaaggtc 2700tgtgagtgct
tgcacaacgt cattgagtga ggtttgtgat tgtttggcca tacaagccat
2760tgttaagctt ggcattgtgc cgaattgatt gttcagaagt gatgagtcct
tcacatccca 2820gaccctcacc acaccatttg cactctgctg aggtctcctc
attccaacca tttgcagaat 2880ctgagatctt tggtcaagct gttgtgctgt
taagttcccc atgtagactc cagaagttag 2940aggcctttca gacctcatga
ttttagcctt cagtttttca aggtcagctg caagggacat 3000cagttcttct
gcactaagcc tccctacttt tagaacattc ttttttgatg ttgactttag
3060gtccacaagg gaatacacag tttggttgag gcttctgagt ctctgtaaat
ctttgtcatc 3120cctcttctct ttcctcatga tcctctgaac attgctcacc
tcagagaagt ctaatccatt 3180cagaaggctg gtggcatcct tgatcacagc
agctttcaca tctgatgtga agccttgaag 3240ctctctcctc aatgcctggg
tccattgaaa gcttttaact tctttggaca gagacatttt 3300gtcactcagt
ggatttccaa gtcaaatgcg caatcaaaat gcctaggatc cactgtgcg
33596552PRTLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)Amino acid
sequence of the NP protein of the MP strain of LCMV 6Met Ser Leu
Ser Lys Glu Val Lys Ser Phe Gln Trp Thr Gln Ala Leu1 5 10 15Arg Arg
Glu Leu Gln Gly Phe Thr Ser Asp Val Lys Ala Ala Val Ile 20 25 30Lys
Asp Ala Thr Ser Leu Leu Asn Gly Leu Asp Phe Ser Glu Val Ser 35 40
45Asn Val Gln Arg Ile Met Arg Lys Glu Lys Arg Asp Asp Lys Asp Leu
50 55 60Gln Arg Leu Arg Ser Leu Asn Gln Thr Val Tyr Ser Leu Val Asp
Leu65 70 75 80Lys Ser Thr Ser Lys Lys Asn Val Leu Lys Val Gly Arg
Leu Ser Ala 85 90 95Glu Glu Leu Met Ser Leu Ala Ala Asp Leu Glu Lys
Leu Lys Ala Lys 100 105 110Ile Met Arg Ser Glu Arg Pro Leu Thr Ser
Gly Val Tyr Met Gly Asn 115 120 125Leu Thr Ala Gln Gln Leu Asp Gln
Arg Ser Gln Ile Leu Gln Met Val 130 135 140Gly Met Arg Arg Pro Gln
Gln Ser Ala Asn Gly Val Val Arg Val Trp145 150 155 160Asp Val Lys
Asp Ser Ser Leu Leu Asn Asn Gln Phe Gly Thr Met Pro 165 170 175Ser
Leu Thr Met Ala Cys Met Ala Lys Gln Ser Gln Thr Ser Leu Asn 180 185
190Asp Val Val Gln Ala Leu Thr Asp Leu Gly Leu Leu Tyr Thr Val Lys
195 200 205Tyr Pro Asn Leu Ser Asp Leu Glu Arg Leu Lys Asp Lys His
Pro Val 210 215 220Leu Gly Val Ile Thr Glu Gln Gln Ser Ser Ile Asn
Ile Ser Gly Tyr225 230 235 240Asn Phe Ser Leu Gly Ala Ala Val Lys
Ala Gly Ala Ala Leu Leu Asp 245 250 255Gly Gly Asn Met Leu Glu Ser
Ile Leu Ile Lys Pro Ser Asn Ser Glu 260 265 270Asp Leu Leu Lys Ala
Val Leu Gly Ala Lys Lys Lys Leu Asn Met Phe 275 280 285Asp Arg Asn
Pro Tyr Glu Asn Ile Leu Tyr Lys Val Cys Leu Ser Gly 290 295 300Glu
Gly Trp Pro Tyr Ile Ala Cys Arg Thr Ser Val Val Gly Arg Ala305 310
315 320Trp Glu Asn Thr Thr Ile Asp Leu Thr Asn Glu Arg Pro Met Ala
Asn 325 330 335Ser Pro Lys Pro Ala Pro Gly Ala Ala Gly Pro Pro Gln
Val Gly Leu 340 345 350Ser Tyr Ser Gln Thr Met Leu Leu Lys Asp Leu
Met Gly Gly Ile Asp 355 360 365Pro Asn Ala Pro Thr Trp Ile Asp Ile
Glu Gly Arg Phe Asn Asp Pro 370 375 380Val Glu Ile Ala Ile Phe Gln
Pro Gln Asn Gly Gln Tyr Ile His Phe385 390 395 400Tyr Arg Glu Pro
Thr Asp Gln Lys Gln Phe Lys Gln Asp Ser Lys Tyr 405 410 415Ser His
Gly Met Asp Leu Ala Asp Leu Phe Asn Ala Gln Pro Gly Leu 420 425
430Thr Ser Ser Val Ile Gly Ala Leu Pro Gln Gly Met Val Leu Ser Cys
435 440 445Gln Gly Ser Asp Asp Ile Arg Lys Leu Leu Asp Ser Gln Asn
Arg Arg 450 455 460Asp Ile Lys Leu Ile Asp Val Glu Met Thr Lys Glu
Ala Ser Arg Glu465 470 475 480Tyr Glu Asp Lys Val Trp Asp Lys Tyr
Gly Trp Leu Cys Lys Met His 485 490 495Thr Gly Ile Val Arg Asp Lys
Lys Lys Lys Glu Val Thr Pro His Cys 500 505 510Ala Leu Met Asp Cys
Ile Ile Phe Glu Ser Ala Ser Lys Ala Arg Leu 515 520 525Pro Asp Leu
Lys Thr Val His Asn Ile Leu Pro His Asp Leu Ile Phe 530 535 540Arg
Gly Pro Asn Val Val Thr Leu545 5507498PRTLymphocytic
choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)Amino acid sequence of the GP protein
of the MP strain of LCMV 7Met Gly Gln Ile Val Thr Met Phe Glu Ala
Leu Pro His Ile Ile Asp1 5 10 15Glu Val Ile Asn Ile Val Ile Ile Val
Leu Ile Ile Ile Thr Ser Ile 20 25 30Lys Ala Val Tyr Asn Phe Ala Thr
Cys Gly Ile Leu Ala Leu Ile Ser 35 40 45Phe Leu Phe Leu Ala Gly Arg
Ser Cys Gly Met Tyr Gly Leu Asp Gly 50 55 60Pro Asp Ile Tyr Lys Gly
Val Tyr Arg Phe Lys Ser Val Glu Phe Asp65 70 75 80Met Ser Tyr Leu
Asn Leu Thr Met Pro Asn Ala Cys Ser Ala Asn Asn 85 90 95Ser His His
Tyr Ile Ser Met Gly Thr Ser Gly Leu Glu Leu Thr Phe 100 105 110Thr
Asn Asp Ser Ile Ile Thr His Asn Phe Cys Asn Leu Thr Ser Ala 115 120
125Leu Asn Lys Arg Thr Phe Asp His Thr Leu Met Ser Ile Val Ser Ser
130 135 140Leu His Leu Ser Ile Arg Gly Val Pro Ser Tyr Lys Ala Val
Ser Cys145 150 155 160Asp Phe Asn Asn Gly Ile Thr Ile Gln Tyr Asn
Leu Ser Phe Ser Asn 165 170 175Ala Gln Ser Ala Leu Ser Gln Cys Lys
Thr Phe Arg Gly Arg Val Leu 180 185 190Asp Met Phe Arg Thr Ala Phe
Gly Gly Lys Tyr Met Arg Ser Gly Trp 195 200 205Gly Trp Thr Gly Ser
Asp Gly Lys Thr Thr Trp Cys Ser Gln Thr Asn 210 215 220Tyr Gln Tyr
Leu Ile Ile Gln Asn Arg Thr Trp Glu
Asn His Cys Arg225 230 235 240Tyr Ala Gly Pro Phe Gly Met Ser Arg
Ile Leu Phe Ala Gln Glu Lys 245 250 255Thr Arg Phe Leu Thr Arg Arg
Leu Ala Gly Thr Phe Thr Trp Thr Leu 260 265 270Ser Asp Ser Ser Gly
Val Glu Asn Pro Gly Gly Tyr Cys Leu Thr Lys 275 280 285Trp Met Ile
Leu Ala Ala Glu Leu Lys Cys Phe Gly Asn Thr Ala Val 290 295 300Ala
Lys Cys Asn Val Asn His Asp Glu Glu Phe Cys Asp Met Leu Arg305 310
315 320Leu Ile Asp Tyr Asn Lys Ala Ala Leu Ser Lys Phe Lys Glu Asp
Val 325 330 335Glu Ser Ala Leu His Leu Phe Lys Thr Thr Val Asn Ser
Leu Ile Ser 340 345 350Asp Gln Leu Leu Met Arg Asn His Leu Arg Asp
Leu Met Gly Val Pro 355 360 365Tyr Cys Asn Tyr Ser Lys Phe Trp Tyr
Leu Glu His Ala Lys Thr Gly 370 375 380Glu Thr Ser Val Pro Lys Cys
Trp Leu Val Ser Asn Gly Ser Tyr Leu385 390 395 400Asn Glu Thr His
Phe Ser Asp Gln Ile Glu Gln Glu Ala Asp Asn Met 405 410 415Ile Thr
Glu Met Leu Arg Lys Asp Tyr Ile Lys Arg Gln Gly Ser Thr 420 425
430Pro Leu Ala Leu Met Asp Leu Leu Met Phe Ser Thr Ser Ala Tyr Leu
435 440 445Ile Ser Ile Phe Leu His Leu Val Arg Ile Pro Thr His Arg
His Ile 450 455 460Lys Gly Gly Ser Cys Pro Lys Pro His Arg Leu Thr
Ser Lys Gly Ile465 470 475 480Cys Ser Cys Gly Ala Phe Lys Val Pro
Gly Val Glu Thr Thr Trp Lys 485 490 495Arg Arg82201PRTLymphocytic
choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)Amino acid sequence of the L protein
of the MP strain of LCMV 8Met Asp Glu Ala Ile Ser Glu Leu Arg Glu
Leu Cys Leu Asn His Ile1 5 10 15Glu Gln Asp Glu Arg Leu Ser Arg Gln
Lys Leu Asn Phe Leu Gly Gln 20 25 30Arg Glu Pro Arg Met Val Leu Ile
Glu Gly Leu Lys Leu Leu Ser Arg 35 40 45Cys Ile Glu Ile Asp Ser Ala
Asp Lys Ser Gly Cys Ile His Asn His 50 55 60Asp Asp Lys Ser Val Glu
Ala Ile Leu Ile Glu Ser Gly Ile Val Cys65 70 75 80Pro Gly Leu Pro
Leu Ile Ile Pro Asp Gly Tyr Lys Leu Ile Asp Asn 85 90 95Ser Leu Ile
Leu Leu Glu Cys Phe Val Arg Ser Thr Pro Ala Ser Phe 100 105 110Glu
Lys Lys Phe Ile Glu Asp Thr Asn Lys Leu Ala Cys Ile Lys Glu 115 120
125Asp Leu Ala Ile Ala Gly Ile Thr Leu Val Pro Ile Val Asp Gly Arg
130 135 140Cys Asp Tyr Asp Asn Ser Phe Met Pro Glu Trp Val Asn Phe
Lys Phe145 150 155 160Arg Asp Leu Leu Phe Lys Leu Leu Glu Tyr Ser
Ser Gln Asp Glu Lys 165 170 175Val Phe Glu Glu Ser Glu Tyr Phe Arg
Leu Cys Glu Ser Leu Lys Thr 180 185 190Thr Val Asp Lys Arg Ser Gly
Ile Asp Ser Met Lys Ile Leu Lys Asp 195 200 205Ala Arg Ser Phe His
Asn Asp Glu Ile Met Lys Met Cys His Asp Gly 210 215 220Val Asn Pro
Asn Met Asn Cys Asp Asp Val Val Leu Gly Ile Asn Ser225 230 235
240Leu Tyr Ser Arg Phe Arg Arg Asp Leu Glu Thr Gly Lys Leu Lys Arg
245 250 255Ser Phe Gln Lys Ile Asn Pro Gly Asn Leu Ile Lys Glu Phe
Ser Glu 260 265 270Leu Tyr Glu Thr Leu Ala Asp Ser Asp Asp Ile Ser
Ala Leu Ser Lys 275 280 285Glu Ala Val Glu Ser Cys Pro Leu Met Arg
Phe Ile Thr Ala Asp Thr 290 295 300His Gly Tyr Glu Arg Gly Ser Glu
Thr Ser Thr Glu Tyr Glu Arg Leu305 310 315 320Leu Ser Met Leu Asn
Lys Val Lys Ser Leu Lys Leu Leu Asn Thr Arg 325 330 335Arg Arg Gln
Leu Leu Asn Leu Asp Val Leu Cys Leu Ser Ser Leu Ile 340 345 350Lys
Gln Ser Lys Leu Lys Gly Ser Lys Asn Asp Lys His Trp Val Gly 355 360
365Cys Cys Tyr Gly Ser Val Asn Asp Arg Leu Val Ser Phe His Ser Thr
370 375 380Lys Glu Glu Phe Ile Arg Leu Leu Arg Asn Arg Arg Lys Ser
Lys Ala385 390 395 400Tyr Arg Lys Val Ser Leu Glu Asp Leu Phe Arg
Thr Ser Ile Asn Glu 405 410 415Phe Ile Leu Lys Val Gln Arg Cys Leu
Ser Val Val Gly Leu Ser Phe 420 425 430Gly His Tyr Gly Leu Ser Glu
His Leu Glu His Glu Cys His Ile Pro 435 440 445Phe Ile Glu Phe Glu
Asn Phe Met Arg Ser Gly Thr His Pro Ile Met 450 455 460Tyr Tyr Thr
Lys Phe Glu Asp Tyr Asp Phe Gln Pro Asn Thr Glu Gln465 470 475
480Leu Arg Asn Met His Ser Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser Ser Val Cys Leu Ala
485 490 495Leu Thr Asn Ser Met Lys Thr Ser Ser Val Ala Arg Leu Arg
Gln Asn 500 505 510Gln Leu Gly Ser Val Arg Tyr Gln Val Val Glu Cys
Lys Glu Val Phe 515 520 525Cys Gln Val Ile Lys Leu Asp Ser Glu Glu
Tyr His Leu Leu Tyr Gln 530 535 540Lys Thr Gly Glu Ser Ser Arg Cys
Tyr Ser Ile Gln Gly Pro Asn Gly545 550 555 560His Leu Ile Ser Phe
Tyr Ala Asp Pro Lys Arg Phe Phe Leu Pro Ile 565 570 575Phe Ser Asp
Glu Val Leu His Asn Met Ile Asp Thr Met Ile Ser Trp 580 585 590Ile
Arg Ser Cys Pro Asp Leu Lys Asp Ser Ile Asp Asp Val Glu Ile 595 600
605Ala Leu Arg Thr Leu Leu Leu Leu Met Leu Thr Asn Pro Thr Lys Arg
610 615 620Asn Gln Lys Gln Val Gln Asn Ile Arg Tyr Leu Val Met Ala
Ile Val625 630 635 640Ser Asp Phe Ser Ser Thr Ser Leu Met Asp Lys
Leu Lys Glu Asp Leu 645 650 655Ile Thr Pro Ala Glu Lys Val Val Tyr
Lys Leu Leu Arg Phe Leu Ile 660 665 670Lys Thr Val Phe Gly Thr Gly
Glu Lys Val Leu Leu Ser Ala Lys Phe 675 680 685Lys Phe Met Leu Asn
Val Ser Tyr Leu Cys His Leu Ile Thr Lys Glu 690 695 700Thr Pro Asp
Arg Leu Thr Asp Gln Ile Lys Cys Phe Glu Lys Phe Phe705 710 715
720Glu Pro Lys Ser Glu Phe Gly Phe Phe Val Asn Pro Lys Glu Ser Ile
725 730 735Thr Pro Glu Glu Glu Cys Val Phe Tyr Asp Gln Met Lys Lys
Phe Thr 740 745 750Gly Lys Glu Val Asp Cys Gln Arg Thr Thr Pro Gly
Val Asn Leu Glu 755 760 765Met Met Val Ser Ser Phe Asn Asn Gly Thr
Leu Ile Phe Lys Arg Leu 770 775 780Asn Ser Leu Asp Pro Met Thr Asn
Ser Gly Cys Ala Thr Ala Leu Asp785 790 795 800Leu Ala Ser Asn Lys
Ser Val Val Val Asn Lys His Leu Asn Gly Glu 805 810 815Arg Leu Leu
Glu Tyr Asp Phe Asn Lys Leu Leu Val Ser Ala Val Ser 820 825 830Gln
Ile Thr Glu Ser Phe Met Arg Lys Gln Lys Tyr Lys Leu Asn His 835 840
845Ser Asp Tyr Glu Tyr Lys Val Ser Lys Leu Val Ser Arg Leu Val Ile
850 855 860Gly Ser Lys Glu Thr Glu Ala Gly Lys Leu Glu Gly Asp Ser
Ala Asp865 870 875 880Ile Cys Phe Asp Gly Glu Glu Glu Thr Ser Phe
Phe Lys Asn Leu Glu 885 890 895Asp Lys Val Asn Ser Thr Ile Lys Arg
Tyr Glu Arg Ser Lys Lys Thr 900 905 910Asn Glu Gly Glu Asn Glu Val
Gly Phe Glu Asn Thr Lys Gly Leu His 915 920 925His Leu Gln Thr Ile
Leu Ser Gly Lys Met Ala Tyr Leu Arg Lys Val 930 935 940Ile Leu Ser
Glu Ile Ser Phe His Leu Val Glu Asp Phe Asp Pro Ser945 950 955
960Cys Leu Thr Asn Asp Asp Met Lys Phe Ile Cys Glu Ala Ile Glu Thr
965 970 975Ser Thr Glu Leu Ser Pro Leu Tyr Phe Thr Ser Ala Val Lys
Glu Gln 980 985 990Cys Gly Leu Asp Glu Met Ala Lys Asn Leu Cys Arg
Lys Phe Phe Ser 995 1000 1005Glu Gly Asp Trp Phe Ser Cys Met Lys
Met Ile Leu Leu Gln Met 1010 1015 1020Asn Ala Asn Ala Tyr Ser Gly
Lys Tyr Arg His Met Gln Arg Gln 1025 1030 1035Gly Leu Asn Phe Lys
Phe Asp Trp Asp Lys Leu Glu Glu Asp Val 1040 1045 1050Arg Ile Ser
Glu Arg Glu Ser Asn Ser Glu Ser Leu Ser Lys Ala 1055 1060 1065Leu
Ser Leu Thr Lys Cys Met Ser Ala Ala Leu Lys Asn Leu Cys 1070 1075
1080Phe Tyr Ser Glu Glu Ser Pro Thr Ser Tyr Thr Ser Val Gly Pro
1085 1090 1095Asp Ser Gly Arg Leu Lys Phe Ala Leu Ser Tyr Lys Glu
Gln Val 1100 1105 1110Gly Gly Asn Arg Glu Leu Tyr Ile Gly Asp Leu
Arg Thr Lys Met 1115 1120 1125Phe Thr Arg Leu Ile Glu Asp Tyr Phe
Glu Ser Phe Ser Ser Phe 1130 1135 1140Phe Ser Gly Ser Cys Leu Asn
Asn Asp Lys Glu Phe Glu Asn Ala 1145 1150 1155Ile Leu Ser Met Thr
Ile Asn Val Arg Glu Gly Leu Leu Asn Tyr 1160 1165 1170Ser Met Asp
His Ser Lys Trp Gly Pro Met Met Cys Pro Phe Leu 1175 1180 1185Phe
Leu Met Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Lys Asp Asp Gln Tyr Val Arg 1190 1195
1200Ser Gly Lys Asp His Ile Ser Thr Leu Leu Thr Trp His Met His
1205 1210 1215Lys Leu Val Glu Val Pro Phe Pro Val Val Asn Ala Met
Met Lys 1220 1225 1230Ser Tyr Ile Lys Ser Lys Leu Lys Leu Leu Arg
Gly Ser Glu Thr 1235 1240 1245Thr Val Thr Glu Arg Ile Phe Arg Glu
Tyr Phe Glu Leu Gly Ile 1250 1255 1260Val Pro Ser His Ile Ser Ser
Leu Ile Asp Met Gly Gln Gly Ile 1265 1270 1275Leu His Asn Ala Ser
Asp Phe Tyr Gly Leu Ile Ser Glu Arg Phe 1280 1285 1290Ile Asn Tyr
Cys Ile Gly Val Ile Phe Gly Glu Arg Pro Glu Ser 1295 1300 1305Tyr
Thr Ser Ser Asp Asp Gln Ile Thr Leu Phe Asp Arg Arg Leu 1310 1315
1320Ser Glu Leu Val Asp Ser Asp Pro Glu Glu Val Leu Val Leu Leu
1325 1330 1335Glu Phe His Ser His Leu Ser Gly Leu Leu Asn Lys Phe
Ile Ser 1340 1345 1350Pro Lys Ser Val Val Gly Arg Phe Ala Ala Glu
Phe Lys Ser Arg 1355 1360 1365Phe Tyr Val Trp Gly Glu Glu Val Pro
Leu Leu Thr Lys Phe Val 1370 1375 1380Ser Ala Ala Leu His Asn Val
Lys Cys Lys Glu Pro His Gln Leu 1385 1390 1395Cys Glu Thr Ile Asp
Thr Ile Ala Asp Gln Ala Val Ala Asn Gly 1400 1405 1410Val Pro Val
Ser Leu Val Asn Cys Ile Gln Lys Arg Thr Leu Asp 1415 1420 1425Leu
Leu Lys Tyr Ala Asn Phe Pro Leu Asp Pro Phe Leu Leu Asn 1430 1435
1440Thr Asn Thr Asp Val Lys Asp Trp Leu Asp Gly Ser Arg Gly Tyr
1445 1450 1455Arg Ile Gln Arg Leu Ile Glu Glu Leu Cys Pro Ser Glu
Thr Lys 1460 1465 1470Val Met Arg Arg Leu Val Arg Arg Leu His His
Lys Leu Lys Asn 1475 1480 1485Gly Glu Phe Asn Glu Glu Phe Phe Leu
Asp Leu Phe Asn Arg Asp 1490 1495 1500Lys Lys Glu Ala Ile Leu Gln
Leu Gly Asn Ile Leu Gly Leu Glu 1505 1510 1515Glu Asp Leu Ser Gln
Leu Ala Asn Ile Asn Trp Leu Asn Leu Asn 1520 1525 1530Glu Leu Phe
Pro Leu Arg Met Val Leu Arg Gln Lys Val Val Tyr 1535 1540 1545Pro
Ser Val Met Thr Phe Gln Glu Glu Arg Ile Pro Ser Leu Ile 1550 1555
1560Lys Thr Leu Gln Asn Lys Leu Cys Ser Lys Phe Thr Arg Gly Ala
1565 1570 1575Gln Lys Leu Leu Ser Glu Ala Ile Asn Lys Ser Ala Phe
Gln Ser 1580 1585 1590Cys Ile Ser Ser Gly Phe Ile Gly Leu Cys Lys
Thr Leu Gly Ser 1595 1600 1605Arg Cys Val Arg Asn Lys Asn Arg Asp
Asn Leu Tyr Ile Arg Lys 1610 1615 1620Val Leu Glu Asp Leu Ala Met
Asp Ala His Val Thr Ala Ile His 1625 1630 1635Arg His Asp Gly Ile
Met Leu Tyr Ile Cys Asp Arg Gln Ser His 1640 1645 1650Pro Glu Ala
His Cys Asp His Ile Ser Leu Leu Arg Pro Leu Leu 1655 1660 1665Trp
Asp Tyr Ile Cys Ile Ser Leu Ser Asn Ser Phe Glu Leu Gly 1670 1675
1680Val Trp Val Leu Ala Glu Pro Val Lys Gly Lys Asn Glu Gly Ser
1685 1690 1695Ser Ser Leu Lys His Leu Asn Pro Cys Asp Tyr Val Ala
Arg Lys 1700 1705 1710Pro Glu Ser Ser Arg Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys Ile
Ser Leu Asn His 1715 1720 1725Val Ile Gln Ser Val Arg Arg Leu Tyr
Pro Lys Ile Tyr Glu Asp 1730 1735 1740Gln Leu Leu Pro Phe Met Ser
Asp Met Ser Ser Lys Asn Met Arg 1745 1750 1755Trp Ser Pro Arg Ile
Lys Phe Leu Asp Leu Cys Val Leu Ile Asp 1760 1765 1770Ile Asn Ser
Glu Ser Leu Ser Leu Ile Ser His Val Val Lys Trp 1775 1780 1785Lys
Arg Asp Glu His Tyr Thr Val Leu Phe Ser Asp Leu Val Asn 1790 1795
1800Ser His Gln Arg Ser Asp Ser Ser Leu Val Asp Glu Phe Val Val
1805 1810 1815Ser Thr Arg Asp Val Cys Lys Asn Phe Leu Lys Gln Val
Tyr Phe 1820 1825 1830Glu Ser Phe Val Arg Glu Phe Val Ala Thr Ser
Arg Thr Leu Gly 1835 1840 1845Ser Phe Ser Trp Phe Pro His Lys Asp
Met Met Pro Ser Glu Asp 1850 1855 1860Gly Ala Glu Ala Leu Gly Pro
Phe Gln Ser Phe Ile Leu Lys Val 1865 1870 1875Val Asn Lys Asn Met
Glu Arg Pro Met Phe Arg Asn Asp Leu Gln 1880 1885 1890Phe Gly Phe
Gly Trp Phe Ser Tyr Arg Leu Gly Asp Ile Val Cys 1895 1900 1905Asn
Ala Ala Met Leu Ile Lys Gln Gly Leu Thr Asn Pro Lys Ala 1910 1915
1920Phe Lys Ser Leu Arg Asn Leu Trp Asp Tyr Met Ile Asn Asn Thr
1925 1930 1935Glu Gly Val Leu Glu Phe Ser Ile Thr Val Asp Phe Thr
His Asn 1940 1945 1950Gln Asn Asn Thr Asp Cys Leu Arg Lys Phe Ser
Leu Ile Phe Leu 1955 1960 1965Val Lys Cys Gln Leu Gln Gly Pro Gly
Val Ala Glu Phe Leu Ser 1970 1975 1980Cys Ser His Leu Phe Lys Gly
Glu Val Asp Arg Arg Phe Leu Asp 1985 1990 1995Glu Cys Leu His Leu
Leu Arg Ser Asp Ser Ile Phe Lys Val Asn 2000 2005 2010Asp Gly Val
Phe Asp Ile Arg Ser Glu Glu Phe Glu Asp Tyr Met 2015 2020 2025Glu
Asp Pro Leu Ile Leu Gly Asp Ser Leu Glu Leu Glu Leu Ile 2030 2035
2040Gly Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Asp Gly Ile Arg Ser Leu Asp Phe Glu
2045 2050 2055Arg Ile Gly Pro Glu Trp Glu Pro Val Pro Leu Thr Val
Arg Met 2060 2065 2070Gly Ala Leu Phe Glu Gly Arg Ser Leu Val Gln
Asn Ile Val Val 2075 2080 2085Lys Leu Glu Thr Lys Asp Met Arg Val
Phe Leu Ala Glu Leu Glu 2090 2095 2100Gly Tyr Gly Asn Phe Asp Asp
Val Leu Gly Ser Leu Leu Leu His 2105 2110 2115Arg Phe Arg Thr Gly
Glu His Leu Gln Gly Ser Glu Ile Ser Thr 2120 2125 2130Ile Leu Gln
Glu Leu Cys Ile Asp Arg Ser Ile Leu Leu Val Pro 2135 2140 2145Leu
Ser Leu Val Pro Asp Trp Phe Thr Phe Lys Asp Cys Arg Leu 2150 2155
2160Cys Phe Ser Lys Ser Lys Asn Thr Val Met Tyr Glu Thr Val Val
2165 2170 2175Gly Lys Tyr Arg Leu Lys Gly Lys Ser Cys Asp Asp Trp
Leu Thr 2180 2185 2190Lys Ser Val Val Glu Glu Ile Asp 2195
2200990PRTLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)amino acid
sequence of the Z protein of the MP strain of LCMV 9Met Gly Gln Gly
Lys Ser Lys Glu Gly Arg Asp Ala Ser Asn Thr Ser1 5 10 15Arg Ala Glu
Ile Leu Pro Asp Thr Thr Tyr Leu Gly Pro Leu Asn Cys 20 25 30Lys Ser
Cys Trp Gln Arg Phe Asp Ser Leu Val Arg Cys His Asp His 35 40 45Tyr
Leu Cys Arg His Cys Leu Asn Leu Leu Leu Ser Val Ser Asp Arg 50 55
60Cys Pro Leu Cys Lys His Pro Leu Pro Thr Lys Leu Lys Ile Ser Thr65
70 75 80Ala Pro Ser Ser Pro Pro Pro Tyr Glu Glu 85
90104604DNALymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)LCMV clone 13
S-Segment encoding HCMV strain Merlin gB (full-length wildtype)
10gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc tttttggatt gcgctttcct ctagatcaac tgggtgtcag
60gccctatcct acagaaggat ggaatccagg atctggtgcc tggtagtctg cgttaacttg
120tgtatcgtct gtctgggtgc tgcggtttcc tcatcttcta ctcgtggaac
ttctgctact 180cacagtcacc attcctctca tacgacgtct gctgctcact
ctcgatccgg ttcagtctct 240caacgcgtaa cttcttccca aacggtcagc
catggtgtta acgagaccat ctacaacact 300accctcaagt acggagatgt
ggtgggggtc aataccacca agtaccccta tcgcgtgtgt 360tctatggccc
agggtacgga tcttattcgc tttgaacgta atatcgtctg cacctcgatg
420aagcccatca atgaagacct ggacgagggc atcatggtgg tctacaaacg
caacatcgtc 480gcgcacacct ttaaggtacg agtctaccag aaggttttga
cgtttcgtcg tagctacgct 540tacatccaca ccacttatct gctgggcagc
aacacggaat acgtggcgcc tcctatgtgg 600gagattcatc atatcaacag
ccacagtcag tgctacagtt cctacagccg cgttatagca 660ggcacggttt
tcgtggctta tcatagggac agctatgaaa acaaaaccat gcaattaatg
720cccgacgatt attccaacac ccacagtacc cgttacgtga cggtcaagga
tcaatggcac 780agccgcggca gcacctggct ctatcgtgag acctgtaatc
tgaattgtat ggtgaccatc 840actactgcgc gctccaaata tccttatcat
tttttcgcca cttccacggg tgacgtggtt 900gacatttctc ctttctacaa
cggaaccaat cgcaatgcca gctactttgg agaaaacgcc 960gacaagtttt
tcatttttcc gaactacact attgtctccg actttggaag accgaattct
1020gcgttagaga cccacaggtt ggtggctttt cttgaacgtg cggactcggt
gatctcctgg 1080gatatacagg acgaaaagaa tgtcacttgt caactcactt
tctgggaagc ctcggaacgc 1140accattcgtt ccgaagccga ggactcgtat
cacttttctt ctgccaaaat gaccgccact 1200ttcttatcta agaagcaaga
ggtgaacatg tccgactctg cgctggactg cgtacgtgat 1260gaggctataa
ataagttaca gcagattttc aatacttcat acaatcaaac atatgaaaaa
1320tatggaaacg tgtccgtctt tgaaaccact ggtggtttgg tagtgttctg
gcaaggtatc 1380aagcaaaaat ctctggtgga actcgaacgt ttggccaacc
gctccagtct gaatcttact 1440cataatagaa ccaaaagaag tacagatggc
aacaatgcaa ctcatttatc caacatggaa 1500tcggtgcaca atctggtcta
cgcccagctg cagttcacct atgacacgtt gcgcggttac 1560atcaaccggg
cgctggcgca aatcgcagaa gcctggtgtg tggatcaacg gcgcacccta
1620gaggtcttca aggaactcag caagatcaac ccgtcagcca ttctctcggc
catttacaac 1680aaaccgattg ccgcgcgttt catgggtgat gtcttgggcc
tggccagctg cgtgaccatc 1740aaccaaacca gcgtcaaggt gctgcgtgat
atgaacgtga aggagtcgcc aggacgctgc 1800tactcacgac ccgtggtcat
ctttaatttc gccaacagct cgtacgtgca gtacggtcaa 1860ctgggcgagg
acaacgaaat cctgttgggc aaccaccgca ctgaggaatg tcagcttccc
1920agcctcaaga tcttcatcgc cgggaactcg gcctacgagt acgtggacta
cctcttcaaa 1980cgcatgattg acctcagcag tatctccacc gtcgacagca
tgatcgccct ggatatcgac 2040ccgctggaaa ataccgactt cagggtactg
gaactttact cgcagaaaga gctgcgttcc 2100agcaacgttt ttgacctcga
agagatcatg cgcgaattca actcgtacaa gcagcgggta 2160aagtacgtgg
aggacaaggt agtcgacccg ctaccgccct acctcaaggg tctggacgac
2220ctcatgagcg gcctgggcgc cgcgggaaag gccgttggcg tagccattgg
ggccgtgggt 2280ggcgcggtgg cctccgtggt cgaaggcgtt gccaccttcc
tcaaaaaccc cttcggagcg 2340ttcaccatca tcctcgtggc catagctgta
gtcattatca cttatttgat ctatactcga 2400cagcggcgtt tgtgcacgca
gccgctgcag aacctctttc cctatctggt gtccgccgac 2460gggaccaccg
tgacgtcggg cagcaccaaa gacacgtcgt tacaggctcc gccttcctac
2520gaggaaagtg tttataattc tggtcgcaaa ggaccgggac caccgtcgtc
tgatgcatcc 2580acggcggctc cgccttacac caacgagcag gcttaccaga
tgcttctggc cctggcccgt 2640ctggacgcag agcagcgagc gcagcagaac
ggtacagatt ctttggacgg acggactggc 2700acgcaggaca agggacagaa
gcccaaccta ctagaccgac tgcgacatcg caaaaacggc 2760taccgacact
tgaaagactc tgacgaagaa gagaacgtct gaagaacagc gcctccctga
2820ctctccacct cgaaagaggt ggagagtcag ggaggcccag agggtcttag
agtgtcacaa 2880catttgggcc tctaaaaatt aggtcatgtg gcagaatgtt
gtgaacagtt ttcagatctg 2940ggagccttgc tttggaggcg ctttcaaaaa
tgatgcagtc catgagtgca cagtgcgggg 3000tgatctcttt cttctttttg
tcccttacta ttccagtatg catcttacac aaccagccat 3060atttgtccca
cactttatct tcatactccc tcgaagcttc cctggtcatt tcaacatcga
3120taagcttaat gtccttccta ttttgtgagt ccagaagctt tctgatgtca
tcggagcctt 3180gacagcttag aaccatcccc tgcggaagag cacctataac
tgacgaggtc aacccgggtt 3240gcgcattgaa gaggtcggca agatccatgc
cgtgtgagta cttggaatct tgcttgaatt 3300gtttttgatc aacgggttcc
ctgtaaaagt gtatgaactg cccgttctgt ggttggaaaa 3360ttgctatttc
cactggatca ttaaatctac cctcaatgtc aatccatgta ggagcgttgg
3420ggtcaattcc tcccatgagg tcttttaaaa gcattgtctg gctgtagctt
aagcccacct 3480gaggtggacc tgctgctcca ggcgctggcc tgggtgagtt
gactgcaggt ttctcgcttg 3540tgagatcaat tgttgtgttt tcccatgctc
tccccacaat cgatgttcta caagctatgt 3600atggccatcc ttcacctgaa
aggcaaactt tatagaggat gttttcataa gggttcctgt 3660ccccaacttg
gtctgaaaca aacatgttga gttttctctt ggccccgaga actgccttca
3720agagatcctc gctgttgctt ggcttgatca aaattgactc taacatgtta
cccccatcca 3780acagggctgc ccctgccttc acggcagcac caagactaaa
gttatagcca gaaatgttga 3840tgctggactg ctgttcagtg atgaccccca
gaactgggtg cttgtctttc agcctttcaa 3900gatcattaag atttggatac
ttgactgtgt aaagcaagcc aaggtctgtg agcgcttgta 3960caacgtcatt
gagcggagtc tgtgactgtt tggccataca agccatagtt agacttggca
4020ttgtgccaaa ttgattgttc aaaagtgatg agtctttcac atcccaaact
cttaccacac 4080cacttgcacc ctgctgaggc tttctcatcc caactatctg
taggatctga gatctttggt 4140ctagttgctg tgttgttaag ttccccatat
atacccctga agcctggggc ctttcagacc 4200tcatgatctt ggccttcagc
ttctcaaggt cagccgcaag agacatcagt tcttctgcac 4260tgagcctccc
cactttcaaa acattcttct ttgatgttga ctttaaatcc acaagagaat
4320gtacagtctg gttgagactt ctgagtctct gtaggtcttt gtcatctctc
ttttccttcc 4380tcatgatcct ctgaacattg ctgacctcag agaagtccaa
cccattcaga aggttggttg 4440catccttaat gacagcagcc ttcacatctg
atgtgaagct ctgcaattct cttctcaatg 4500cttgcgtcca ttggaagctc
ttaacttcct tagacaagga catcttgttg ctcaatggtt 4560tctcaagaca
aatgcgcaat caaatgccta ggatccactg tgcg 46041135DNAArtificial
SequenceWE-specific primer 11aatcgtctct aaggatgggt cagattgtga caatg
351235DNAArtificial SequenceWE specific fusion-primer carrying an
overhang complementary to the WET-specific primer 12aatcgtctct
aaggatgggt cagattgtga caatg 351337DNAArtificial
SequenceWET-specific primer 13ctcggtgatc atgttatctg cttcttgttc
gatttga 371434DNAArtificial SequenceWET-specific fusion-primer
complementary to the WE-sequence 14aatcgtctct ttctttatct cctcttccag
atgg 341523DNAArtificial SequencePrimer specific for LCMV NP
15ggctcccaga tctgaaaact gtt 231622DNAArtificial SequenceNP- and
GP-specific primer 16gctggcttgt cactaatggc tc 2217535DNAArtificial
SequenceRepresentative cDNA sequence obtained from animal #3
(r3LCMV-GFPnat #3) revealing a recombined S segment combining NP
and GP sequences 17aagaagcaga taacatgatc accgagatgc tgaggaagga
ctacatcaag agacagggca 60gcacccccct ggccctcatg gatctgctca tgttcagcac
cagcgcctac ctcatcagca 120tcttcctgca cctggtgaag atccccaccc
acagacacat caagggcggc agctgcccca 180agccccacag actcaccaac
aagggcatct gcagctgcgg cgccttcaag gtgcccggcg 240taaaaaccat
ctggaagagg agataaagaa cagcgcctcc ctgactctcc acctcgaaag
300aggtggagag tcagggaggc ccagagggtc ttacttgtac agctcgtcca
tgccgagagt 360gatcccggcg gcggtcacga actccagcag gaagaacagc
gcctccctga ctctccacct 420cgaaagaggt ggagagtcag ggaggcccag
aggtcttaga gtgtcacaac atttgggcct 480ctaaaaatta ggtcatgtgg
cagaatgttg tgaacagttt tcagatctgg gagcc 535182555DNAArtificial
SequenceS segment 1 of r3LCMV-P1A (containing NP) 18gcgcaccggg
gatcctaggc tttttggatt gcgctttcct ctagatcaac tgggtgtcag 60gccctatcct
acagaaggat gagcgacaac aagaagcccg acaaggccca ctctggcagc
120ggcggagatg gcgacggcaa cagatgtaac ctgctgcaca gatacagcct
ggaagagatc 180ctgccctacc tgggctggct ggtgttcgcc gtcgtgacaa
caagcttcct ggccctgcag 240atgttcatcg acgccctgta cgaggaacag
tacgagaggg acgtggcctg gatcgccaga 300cagagcaaga gaatgagcag
cgtggacgag gacgaggatg atgaggacga cgaagatgac 360tactacgacg
atgaggatga cgacgacgac gccttctacg atgacgagga cgatgaagag
420gaagaactgg aaaacctgat ggacgacgag tccgaggatg aggccgagga
agagatgagc 480gtggaaatgg gcgctggcgc cgaagagatg ggagccggcg
ctaactgtgc ttgcgtgcca 540ggacaccacc tgagaaagaa cgaagtgaag
tgccggatga tctacttctt ccacgacccc 600aactttctgg tgtccatccc
cgtgaacccc aaagaacaga tggaatgcag atgcgagaac 660gccgacgaag
aggtggccat ggaagaagaa gaggaagagg aagaagaaga agaagaggaa
720gaaatgggca accccgacgg cttcagcccc tgaagaacag cgcctccctg
actctccacc 780tcgaaagagg tggagagtca gggaggccca gagggtctta
gagtgtcaca acatttgggc 840ctctaaaaat taggtcatgt ggcagaatgt
tgtgaacagt tttcagatct gggagccttg 900ctttggaggc gctttcaaaa
atgatgcagt ccatgagtgc acagtgcggg gtgatctctt 960tcttcttttt
gtcccttact attccagtat gcatcttaca caaccagcca tatttgtccc
1020acactttatc ttcatactcc ctcgaagctt ccctggtcat ttcaacatcg
ataagcttaa 1080tgtccttcct attttgtgag tccagaagct ttctgatgtc
atcggagcct tgacagctta 1140gaaccatccc ctgcggaaga gcacctataa
ctgacgaggt caacccgggt tgcgcattga 1200agaggtcggc aagatccatg
ccgtgtgagt acttggaatc ttgcttgaat tgtttttgat 1260caacgggttc
cctgtaaaag tgtatgaact gcccgttctg tggttggaaa attgctattt
1320ccactggatc attaaatcta ccctcaatgt caatccatgt aggagcgttg
gggtcaattc 1380ctcccatgag gtcttttaaa agcattgtct ggctgtagct
taagcccacc tgaggtggac 1440ctgctgctcc aggcgctggc ctgggtgagt
tgactgcagg tttctcgctt gtgagatcaa 1500ttgttgtgtt ttcccatgct
ctccccacaa tcgatgttct acaagctatg tatggccatc 1560cttcacctga
aaggcaaact ttatagagga tgttttcata agggttcctg tccccaactt
1620ggtctgaaac aaacatgttg agttttctct tggccccgag aactgccttc
aagagatcct 1680cgctgttgct tggcttgatc aaaattgact ctaacatgtt
acccccatcc aacagggctg 1740cccctgcctt cacggcagca ccaagactaa
agttatagcc agaaatgttg atgctggact 1800gctgttcagt gatgaccccc
agaactgggt gcttgtcttt cagcctttca agatcattaa 1860gatttggata
cttgactgtg taaagcaagc caaggtctgt gagcgcttgt acaacgtcat
1920tgagcggagt ctgtgactgt ttggccatac aagccatagt tagacttggc
attgtgccaa 1980attgattgtt caaaagtgat gagtctttca catcccaaac
tcttaccaca ccacttgcac 2040cctgctgagg ctttctcatc ccaactatct
gtaggatctg agatctttgg tctagttgct 2100gtgttgttaa gttccccata
tatacccctg aagcctgggg cctttcagac ctcatgatct 2160tggccttcag
cttctcaagg tcagccgcaa gagacatcag ttcttctgca ctgagcctcc
2220ccactttcaa aacattcttc tttgatgttg actttaaatc cacaagagaa
tgtacagtct 2280ggttgagact tctgagtctc tgtaggtctt tgtcatctct
cttttccttc ctcatgatcc 2340tctgaacatt gctgacctca gagaagtcca
acccattcag aaggttggtt gcatccttaa 2400tgacagcagc cttcacatct
gatgtgaagc tctgcaattc tcttctcaat gcttgcgtcc 2460attggaagct
cttaacttcc ttagacaagg acatcttgtt gctcaatggt ttctcaagac
2520aaatgcgcaa tcaaatgcct aggatccact gtgcg 2555192375DNAArtificial
SequenceS segment 2 of r3LCMV-P1A (containing GP) 19gcgcaccggg
gatcctaggc tttttggatt gcgctttcct ctagatcaac tgggtgtcag 60gccctatcct
acagaaggat gagcgacaac aagaagcccg acaaggccca ctctggcagc
120ggcggagatg gcgacggcaa cagatgtaac ctgctgcaca gatacagcct
ggaagagatc 180ctgccctacc tgggctggct ggtgttcgcc gtcgtgacaa
caagcttcct ggccctgcag 240atgttcatcg acgccctgta cgaggaacag
tacgagaggg acgtggcctg gatcgccaga 300cagagcaaga gaatgagcag
cgtggacgag gacgaggatg atgaggacga cgaagatgac 360tactacgacg
atgaggatga cgacgacgac gccttctacg atgacgagga cgatgaagag
420gaagaactgg aaaacctgat ggacgacgag tccgaggatg aggccgagga
agagatgagc 480gtggaaatgg gcgctggcgc cgaagagatg ggagccggcg
ctaactgtgc ttgcgtgcca 540ggacaccacc tgagaaagaa cgaagtgaag
tgccggatga tctacttctt ccacgacccc 600aactttctgg tgtccatccc
cgtgaacccc aaagaacaga tggaatgcag atgcgagaac 660gccgacgaag
aggtggccat ggaagaagaa gaggaagagg aagaagaaga agaagaggaa
720gaaatgggca accccgacgg cttcagcccc tgaagaacag cgcctccctg
actctccacc 780tcgaaagagg tggagagtca gggaggccca gagggtctca
gcgtcttttc cagacggttt 840ttacaccagg caccttaaat gcaccacaac
tacaaattcc tttgttggtt aatcggtgtg 900gctttggaca tgagccacct
tttatgtgcc tgtgtgttgg tattttgaca aggtgcagga 960agatgctgac
tagatatgca gatgtggaaa acatcagaag gtccatcaat gctagggggg
1020tactcccctg cctctttatg taatccttcc tcaacatctc tgtaatcatg
ttatcggctt 1080cctgttcgat ttggtcactg aagtgggtct catttaagta
agaaccattg gtgacaagcc 1140agcacttggg gacactagtt tcgccggtct
ttgcatgttc taggtaccaa aactttgagt 1200aattgcaata tggcaccccc
atcagatctc tcaagtggtt cctcatcagt agttgatctg 1260aaatcaaaga
attcactgtt gttttgaata agtgcaaggc agattctacg tcctctttga
1320acttactcaa agcagccttg ttgtagtcaa ttagtcgcag catgtcacag
aattcttcat 1380catgatttac attgcatttc gcaactgctg tgttcccgaa
acacttaagc tctgcagcaa 1440gaatcatcca tttggtcagg caataaccac
ctggattctc cacccctgaa gagtctgaca 1500aagtccaggt gaatgtgccc
gctagtctcc tagtggagaa cttagttttc tcttgggaaa 1560ggagaatcct
ggacatccca aaaggacctg catatgtgca gtggttttcc caggttctat
1620tttgtataat caggtattgg taactcgtct ggctacacca ggtggtcttg
ccatctgagc 1680ctgtccagcc ccagccactc ctcatgtatt tccccccgaa
ggcagttcta aacatatcta 1740ggactctacc tctgaaggtt ctacactggc
tctgagcact ttgtgcatct gagaatgtca 1800agttgtattg gatggttatg
ccattgttga agtcgcagga tactgcctta tagttggagt 1860tccctctgat
actgaggtgt aggctcgaaa ctatactcat gagtgtgtgg tcaaaggtct
1920ttttgttgaa ggcagaggtc agattgcaaa agttgtgact gatgatggaa
tcattggtga 1980aggtcaattc tagtccagaa gtccccatac tgatgtaatg
gtgggagttg ttggctgaac 2040atgcgttggg catggtcagg ttcagatgtg
acatatcaaa ctccactgac ttaaattggt 2100aaactccttt gtaaatgtcg
ggtcccttaa gaccgtacat gccacaggac ctgccagcca 2160gaagtaggaa
actgatcaat gcgaatatcc cacaggtggc aaaattgtag acagccttga
2220tacccgtgat cacgataagc acaataatga caatgttgat cacctcatcg
atgatgtgag 2280gcagagcctc aaacattgtc acaatctgac ccatcttgtt
gctcaatggt ttctcaagac 2340aaatgcgcaa tcaaatgcct aggatccact gtgcg
2375207229DNAArtificial SequenceL segment of r3LCMV-P1A
20gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc gtttagttgc gctgtttggt tgcacaactt tcttcgtgag
60gctgtcagaa gtggacctgg ctgatagcga tgggtcaagg caagtccaga gaggagaaag
120gcaccaatag tacaaacagg gccgaaatcc taccagatac cacctatctt
ggccctttaa 180gctgcaaatc ttgctggcag aaatttgaca gcttggtaag
atgccatgac cactaccttt 240gcaggcactg tttaaacctt ctgctgtcag
tatccgacag gtgtcctctt tgtaaatatc 300cattaccaac cagattgaag
atatcaacag ccccaagctc tccacctccc tacgaagagt 360aacaccgtcc
ggccccggcc ccgacaaaca gcccagcaca agggaaccgc acgtcaccca
420acgcacacag acacagcacc caacacagaa cacgcacaca cacacacaca
cacacccaca 480cgcacgcgcc cccaccaccg gggggcgccc ccccccgggg
ggcggccccc cgggagcccg 540ggcggagccc cacggagatg cccatcagtc
gatgtcctcg gccaccgacc cgcccagcca 600atcgtcgcag gacctcccct
tgagtctaaa cctgcccccc actgtttcat acatcaaagt 660gctcctagat
ttgctaaaac aaagtctgca atccttaaag gcgaaccagt ctggcaaaag
720cgacagtgga atcagcagaa tagatctgtc tatacatagt tcctggagga
ttacacttat 780ctctgaaccc aacaaatgtt caccagttct gaatcgatgc
aggaagaggt tcccaaggac 840atcactaatc ttttcatagc cctcaagtcc
tgctagaaag actttcatgt ccttggtctc 900cagcttcaca atgatatttt
ggacaaggtt tcttccttca aaaagggcac ccatctttac 960agtcagtggc
acaggctccc actcaggtcc aactctctca aagtcaatag atctaatccc
1020atccagtatt cttttggagc ccaacaactc aagctcaaga gaatcaccaa
gtatcaaggg 1080atcttccatg taatcctcaa actcttcaga tctgatatca
aagacaccat cgttcacctt 1140gaagacagag tctgtcctca gtaagtggag
gcattcatcc aacattcttc tatctatctc 1200acccttaaag aggtgagagc
atgataaaag ttcagccaca cctggattct gtaattggca 1260cctaaccaag
aatatcaatg aaaatttcct taaacagtca gtattattct gattgtgcgt
1320aaagtccact gaaattgaaa actccaatac cccttttgtg tagttgagca
tgtagtccca 1380cagatccttt aaggatttaa atgcctttgg gtttgtcagg
ccctgcctaa tcaacatggc 1440agcattacac acaacatctc ccattcggta
agagaaccac ccaaaaccaa actgcaaatc 1500attcctaaac ataggcctct
ccacattttt gttcaccacc tttgagacaa atgattgaaa 1560ggggcccagt
gcctcagcac catcttcaga tggcatcatt tctttatgag ggaaccatga
1620aaaattgcct aatgtcctgg ttgttgcaac aaattctcga acaaatgatt
caaaatacac 1680ctgttttaag aagttcttgc agacatccct cgtgctaaca
acaaattcat caaccagact 1740ggagtcagat cgctgatgag aattggcaag
gtcagaaaac agaacagtgt aatgttcatc 1800ccttttccac ttaacaacat
gagaaatgag tgacaaggat tctgagttaa tatcaattaa 1860aacacagagg
tcaaggaatt taattctggg actccacctc atgttttttg agctcatgtc
1920agacataaat ggaagaagct gatcctcaaa gatcttggga tatagccgcc
tcacagattg 1980aatcacttgg ttcaaattca ctttgtcctc cagtagcctt
gagctctcag gctttcttgc 2040tacataatca catgggttta agtgcttaag
agttaggttc tcactgttat tcttcccttt 2100ggtcggttct gctaggaccc
aaacacccaa ctcaaaagag ttgctcaatg aaatacaaat 2160gtagtcccaa
agaagaggcc ttaaaaggca tatatgatca cggtgggctt ctggatgaga
2220ctgtttgtca caaatgtaca gcgttatacc atcccgattg caaactcttg
tcacatgatc 2280atctgtggtt agatcctcaa gcagcttttt gatatacaga
ttttccctat ttttgtttct 2340cacacacctg cttcctagag ttttgcaaag
gcctataaag ccagatgaga tacaactctg 2400gaaagctgac ttgttgattg
cttctgacag cagcttctgt gcaccccttg tgaatttact 2460acaaagtttg
ttctggagtg tcttgatcaa tgatgggatt ctttcctctt ggaaagtcat
2520cactgatgga taaaccacct tttgtcttaa aaccatcctt aatgggaaca
tttcattcaa 2580attcaaccag ttaacatctg ctaactgatt cagatcttct
tcaagaccga ggaggtctcc 2640caattgaaga atggcctcct ttttatctct
gttaaatagg tctaagaaaa attcttcatt 2700aaattcacca tttttgagct
tatgatgcag tttccttaca agctttctta caacctttgt 2760ttcattagga
cacagttcct caatgagtct ttgtattctg taacctctag aaccatccag
2820ccaatctttc acatcagtgt tggtattcag tagaaatgga tccaaaggga
aattggcata 2880ctttaggagg tccagtgttc tcctttggat
actattaact agggagactg ggacgccatt 2940tgcgatggct tgatctgcaa
ttgtatctat tgtttcacaa agttgatgtg gctctttaca 3000cttgacattg
tgtagcgctg cagatacaaa ctttgtgaga agagggactt cctcccccca
3060tacatagaat ctagatttaa attctgcagc gaacctccca gccacacttt
ttgggctgat 3120aaatttgttt aacaagccgc tcagatgaga ttggaattcc
aacaggacaa ggacttcctc 3180cggatcactt acaaccaggt cactcagcct
cctatcaaat aaagtgatct gatcatcact 3240tgatgtgtaa gcctctggtc
tttcgccaaa gataacacca atgcagtagt tgatgaacct 3300ctcgctaagc
aaaccataga agtcagaagc attatgcaag attccctgcc ccatatcaat
3360aaggctggat atatgggatg gcactatccc catttcaaaa tattgtctga
aaattctctc 3420agtaacagtt gtttctgaac ccctgagaag ttttagcttc
gacttgacat atgatttcat 3480cattgcattc acaacaggaa aggggacctc
gacaagctta tgcatgtgcc aagttaacaa 3540agtgctaaca tgatctttcc
cggaacgcac atactggtca tcacctagtt tgagattttg 3600tagaaacatt
aagaacaaaa atgggcacat cattggtccc catttgctgt gatccatact
3660atagtttaag aacccttccc gcacattgat agtcattgac aagattgcat
tttcaaattc 3720cttatcattg tttaaacagg agcctgaaaa gaaacttgaa
aaagactcaa aataatcttc 3780tattaacctt gtgaacattt ttgtcctcaa
atctccaata tagagttctc tatttccccc 3840aacctgctct ttataagata
gtgcaaattt cagccttcca gagtcaggac ctactgaggt 3900gtatgatgtt
ggtgattctt ctgagtagaa gcacagattt ttcaaagcag cactcataca
3960ttgtgtcaac gacagagctt tactaaggga ctcagaatta ctttccctct
cactgattct 4020cacgtcttct tccagtttgt cccagtcaaa tttgaaattc
aagccttgcc tttgcatatg 4080cctgtatttc cctgagtacg catttgcatt
catttgcaac agaatcatct tcatgcaaga 4140aaaccaatca ttctcagaaa
agaactttct acaaaggttt tttgccatct catcgaggcc 4200acactgatct
ttaatgactg aggtgaaata caaaggtgac agctctgtgg aaccctcaac
4260agcctcacag ataaatttca tgtcatcatt ggttagacat gatgggtcaa
agtcttctac 4320taaatggaaa gatatttctg acaagataac ttttcttaag
tgagccatct tccctgttag 4380aataagctgt aaatgatgta gtccttttgt
atttgtaagt ttttctccat ctcctttgtc 4440attggccctc ctacctcttc
tgtaccgtgc tattgtggtg ttgacctttt cttcgagact 4500tttgaagaag
cttgtctctt cttctccatc aaaacatatt tctgccaggt tgtcttccga
4560tctccctgtc tcttctccct tggaaccgat gaccaatcta gagactaact
tggaaacttt 4620atattcatag tctgagtggc tcaacttata cttttgtttt
cttacgaaac tctccgtaat 4680ttgactcaca gcactaacaa gcaatttgtt
aaagtcatat tccagaagtc gttctccatt 4740tagatgctta ttaaccacca
cacttttgtt actagcaaga tctaatgctg tcgcacatcc 4800agagttagtc
atgggatcta ggctgtttag cttcttctct cctttgaaaa ttaaagtgcc
4860gttgttaaat gaagacacca ttaggctaaa ggcttccaga ttaacacctg
gagttgtatg 4920ctgacagtca atttctttac tagtgaatct cttcatttgc
tcatagaaca cacattcttc 4980ctcaggagtg attgcttcct tggggttgac
aaaaaaacca aattgacttt tgggctcaaa 5040gaacttttca aaacatttta
tctgatctgt tagcctgtca ggggtctcct ttgtgatcaa 5100atgacacagg
tatgacacat tcaacataaa tttaaatttt gcactcaaca acaccttctc
5160accagtacca aaaatagttt ttattaggaa tctaagcagc ttatacacca
ccttctcagc 5220aggtgtgatc agatcctccc tcaacttatc cattaatgat
gtagatgaaa aatctgacac 5280tattgccatc accaaatatc tgacactctg
tacctgcttt tgatttctct ttgttgggtt 5340ggtgagcatt agcaacaata
gggtcctcag tgcaacctca atgtcggtga gacagtcttt 5400caaatcagga
catgatctaa tccatgaaat catgatgtct atcatattgt ataagacctc
5460atctgaaaaa attggtaaaa agaacctttt aggatctgca tagaaggaaa
ttaaatgacc 5520atccgggcct tgtatggagt agcaccttga agattctcca
gtcttctggt ataataggtg 5580gtattcttca gagtccagtt ttattacttg
gcaaaacact tctttgcatt ctaccacttg 5640atatctcaca gaccctattt
gattttgcct tagtctagca actgagctag ttttcatact 5700gtttgttaag
gccagacaaa cagatgataa tcttctcagg ctctgtatgt tcttcagctg
5760ctctgtgctg ggttggaaat tgtaatcttc aaacttcgta taatacatta
tcgggtgagc 5820tccaattttc ataaagttct caaattcagt gaatggtatg
tggcattctt gctcaaggtg 5880ttcagacagt ccgtaatgct cgaaactcag
tcccaccact aacaggcatt tttgaatttt 5940tgcaatgaac tcactaatag
atgccctaaa caattcctca aaagacacct ttctaaacac 6000ctttgacttt
tttctattcc tcaaaagtct aatgaactcc tctttagtgc tgtgaaagct
6060taccagccta tcattcacac tactatagca acaacccacc cagtgtttat
cattttttaa 6120ccctttgaat ttcgactgtt ttatcaatga ggaaagacac
aaaacatcca gatttaacaa 6180ctgtctcctt ctagtattca acagtttcaa
actcttgact ttgtttaaca tagagaggag 6240cctctcatat tcagtgctag
tctcacttcc cctttcgtgc ccatgggtct ctgcagttat 6300gaatctcatc
aaaggacagg attcgactgc ctccctgctt aatgttaaga tatcatcact
6360atcagcaagg ttttcataga gctcagagaa ttccttgatc aagccttcag
ggtttacttt 6420ctgaaagttt ctctttaatt tcccactttc taaatctctt
ctaaacctgc tgaaaagaga 6480gtttattcca aaaaccacat catcacagct
catgttgggg ttgatgcctt cgtggcacat 6540cctcataatt tcatcattgt
gagttgacct cgcatctttc agaattttca tagagtccat 6600accggagcgc
ttgtcgatag tagtcttcag ggactcacag agtctaaaat attcagactc
6660ttcaaagact ttctcatttt ggttagaata ctccaaaagt ttgaataaaa
ggtctctaaa 6720tttgaagttt gcccactctg gcataaaact attatcataa
tcacaacgac catctactat 6780tggaactaat gtgacacccg caacagcaag
gtcttccctg atgcatgcca atttgttagt 6840gtcctctata aatttcttct
caaaactggc tggagtgctc ctaacaaaac actcaagaag 6900aatgagagaa
ttgtctatca gcttgtaacc atcaggaatg ataagtggta gtcctgggca
6960tacaattcca gactccacca aaattgtttc cacagactta tcgtcgtggt
tgtgtgtgca 7020gccactcttg tctgcactgt ctatttcaat gcagcgtgac
agcaacttga gtccctcaat 7080cagaaccatt ctgggttccc tttgtcccag
aaagttgagt ttctgccttg acaacctctc 7140atcctgttct atatagttta
aacataactc tctcaattct gagatgattt catccattgc 7200gcatcaaaaa
gcctaggatc ctcggtgcg 7229212628DNAArtificial SequenceS segment 1 of
r3JUNV-P1A (containing NP) 21gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc gattttggtt
acgctataat tgtaactgtt ttctgtttgg 60acaacatcaa aaacatccat tgcacaatga
gcgacaacaa gaagcccgac aaggcccact 120ctggcagcgg cggagatggc
gacggcaaca gatgtaacct gctgcacaga tacagcctgg 180aagagatcct
gccctacctg ggctggctgg tgttcgccgt cgtgacaaca agcttcctgg
240ccctgcagat gttcatcgac gccctgtacg aggaacagta cgagagggac
gtggcctgga 300tcgccagaca gagcaagaga atgagcagcg tggacgagga
cgaggatgat gaggacgacg 360aagatgacta ctacgacgat gaggatgacg
acgacgacgc cttctacgat gacgaggacg 420atgaagagga agaactggaa
aacctgatgg acgacgagtc cgaggatgag gccgaggaag 480agatgagcgt
ggaaatgggc gctggcgccg aagagatggg agccggcgct aactgtgctt
540gcgtgccagg acaccacctg agaaagaacg aagtgaagtg ccggatgatc
tacttcttcc 600acgaccccaa ctttctggtg tccatccccg tgaaccccaa
agaacagatg gaatgcagat 660gcgagaacgc cgacgaagag gtggccatgg
aagaagaaga ggaagaggaa gaagaagaag 720aagaggaaga aatgggcaac
cccgacggct tcagcccctg agacctcctg agggtcccca 780ccagcccggg
cactgcccgg gctggtgtgg ccccccagtc cgcggcctgg ccgcggactg
840gggaggcact gcttacagtg cataggctgc cttcgggagg aacagcaagc
tcggtggtaa 900tagaggtgta ggttcctcct catagagctt cccatctagc
actgactgaa acattatgca 960gtctagcaga gcacagtgtg gttcactgga
ggccaacttg aagggagtat ccttttccct 1020ctttttctta ttgacaacca
ctccattgtg atatttgcat aagtgaccat atttctccca 1080gacctgttga
tcaaactgcc tggcttgttc agatgtgagc ttaacatcaa ccagtttaag
1140atctcttctt ccatggaggt caaacaactt cctgatgtca tcggatcctt
gagtagtcac 1200aaccatgtct ggaggcagca agccgatcac gtaactaaga
actcctggca ttgcatcttc 1260tatgtccttc attaagatgc cgtgagagtg
tctgctacca tttttaaacc ctttctcatc 1320atgtggtttt ctgaagcagt
gaatgtactg cttacctgca ggttggaata atgccatctc 1380aacagggtca
gtggctggtc cttcaatgtc gagccaaagg gtgttggtgg ggtcgagttt
1440ccccactgcc tctctgatga cagcttcttg tatctctgtc aagttagcca
atctcaaatt 1500ctgaccgttt ttttccggct gtctaggacc agcaactggt
ttccttgtca gatcaatact 1560tgtgttgtcc catgacctgc ctgtgatttg
tgatctagaa ccaatataag gccaaccatc 1620gccagaaaga caaagtttgt
acaaaaggtt ttcataagga tttctattgc ctggtttctc 1680atcaataaac
atgccttctc ttcgtttaac ctgaatggtt gattttatga gggaagagaa
1740gttttctggg gtgactctga ttgtttccaa catgtttcca ccatcaagaa
tagatgctcc 1800agcctttact gcagctgaaa gactgaagtt gtaaccagaa
atattgatgg agctttcatc 1860tttagtcaca atctgaaggc agtcatgttc
ctgagtcagt ctgtcaaggt cacttaagtt 1920tggatacttc acagtgtata
gaagcccaag tgaggttaaa gcttgtatga cactgttcat 1980tgtctcacct
ccttgaacag tcatgcatgc aattgtcaat gcaggaacag agccaaactg
2040attgtttagc tttgaagggt ctttaacatc ccatatcctc accacaccat
ttcccccagt 2100cccttgctgt tgaaatccca gtgttctcaa tatctctgat
cttttagcaa gttgtgactg 2160ggacaagtta cccatgtaaa ccccctgaga
gcctgtctct gctcttctta tcttgttttt 2220taatttctca aggtcagacg
ccaactccat cagttcatcc ctccccagat ctcccacctt 2280gaaaactgtg
tttcgttgaa cactcctcat ggacatgagt ctgtcaacct ctttattcag
2340gtccctcaac ttgttgagat cttcttcccc ctttttagtc tttctgagtg
cccgctgcac 2400ctgtgccact tggttgaagt cgatgctgtc agcaattagc
ttggcgtcct tcaaaacatc 2460tgacttgaca gtctgagtga attggctcaa
acctctcctt aaggactgag tccatctaaa 2520gcttggaacc tccttggagt
gtgccatgcc agaagttctg gtgattttga tctagaatag 2580agttgctcag
tgaaagtgtt agacactatg cctaggatcc actgtgcg 2628222391DNAArtificial
SequenceS segment 2 of r3JUNV-P1A (containing GP) 22gcgcaccggg
gatcctaggc gattttggtt acgctataat tgtaactgtt ttctgtttgg 60acaacatcaa
aaacatccat tgcacaatga gcgacaacaa gaagcccgac aaggcccact
120ctggcagcgg cggagatggc gacggcaaca gatgtaacct gctgcacaga
tacagcctgg 180aagagatcct gccctacctg ggctggctgg tgttcgccgt
cgtgacaaca agcttcctgg 240ccctgcagat gttcatcgac gccctgtacg
aggaacagta cgagagggac gtggcctgga 300tcgccagaca gagcaagaga
atgagcagcg tggacgagga cgaggatgat gaggacgacg 360aagatgacta
ctacgacgat gaggatgacg acgacgacgc cttctacgat gacgaggacg
420atgaagagga agaactggaa aacctgatgg acgacgagtc cgaggatgag
gccgaggaag 480agatgagcgt ggaaatgggc gctggcgccg aagagatggg
agccggcgct aactgtgctt 540gcgtgccagg acaccacctg agaaagaacg
aagtgaagtg ccggatgatc tacttcttcc 600acgaccccaa ctttctggtg
tccatccccg tgaaccccaa agaacagatg gaatgcagat 660gcgagaacgc
cgacgaagag gtggccatgg aagaagaaga ggaagaggaa gaagaagaag
720aagaggaaga aatgggcaac cccgacggct tcagcccctg agacctcctg
agggtcccca 780ccagcccggg cactgcccgg gctggtgtgg ccccccagtc
cgcggcctgg ccgcggactg 840gggaggcact gcatggggca gttcattagc
ttcatgcaag aaataccaac ctttttgcag 900gaggctctga acattgctct
tgttgcagtc agtctcattg ccatcattaa gggtatagtg 960aacttgtaca
aaagtggttt attccaattc tttgtattcc tagcgcttgc aggaagatcc
1020tgcacagaag aagctttcaa aatcggactg cacactgagt tccagactgt
gtccttctca 1080atggtgggtc tcttttccaa caatccacat gacctacctt
tgttgtgtac cttaaacaag 1140agccatcttt acattaaggg gggcaatgct
tcatttcaga tcagctttga tgatattgca 1200gtattgttgc cacagtatga
tgttataata caacatccag cagatatgag ctggtgttcc 1260aaaagtgatg
atcaaatttg gttgtctcag tggttcatga atgctgtggg acatgattgg
1320catctagacc caccatttct gtgtaggaac cgtgcaaaga cagaaggctt
catctttcaa 1380gtcaacacct ccaagactgg tgtcaatgga aattatgcta
agaagtttaa gactggcatg 1440catcatttat atagagaata tcctgaccct
tgcttgaatg gcaaactgtg cttaatgaag 1500gcacaaccta ccagttggcc
tctccaatgt ccactcgacc acgttaacac attacacttc 1560cttacaagag
gtaaaaacat tcaacttcca aggaggtcct tgaaagcatt cttctcctgg
1620tctttgacag actcatccgg caaggatacc cctggaggct attgtctaga
agagtggatg 1680ctcgtagcag ccaaaatgaa gtgttttggc aatactgctg
tagcaaaatg caatttgaat 1740catgactctg aattctgtga catgttgagg
ctctttgatt acaacaaaaa tgctatcaaa 1800accctaaatg atgaaactaa
gaaacaagta aatctgatgg ggcagacaat caatgccctg 1860atatctgaca
atttattgat gaaaaacaaa attagggaac tgatgagtgt cccttactgc
1920aattacacaa aattttggta tgtcaaccac acactttcag gacaacactc
attaccaagg 1980tgctggttaa taaaaaacaa cagctatttg aacatctctg
acttccgtaa tgactggata 2040ttagaaagtg acttcttaat ttctgaaatg
ctaagcaaag agtattcgga caggcagggt 2100aaaactcctt tgactttagt
tgacatctgt atttggagca cagtattctt cacagcgtca 2160ctcttccttc
acttggtggg tataccctcc cacagacaca tcaggggcga agcatgccct
2220ttgccacaca ggttgaacag cttgggtggt tgcagatgtg gtaagtaccc
caatctaaag 2280aaaccaacag tttggcgtag aggacactaa gccagaagtt
ctggtgattt tgatctagaa 2340tagagttgct cagtgaaagt gttagacact
atgcctagga tccactgtgc g 2391237115DNAArtificial SequenceL segment
of r3JUNV-P1A 23gcgcaccggg gatcctaggc gtaacttcat cattaaaatc
tcagattctg ctctgagtgt 60gacttactgc gaagaggcag acaaatgggc aactgcaacg
gggcatccaa gtctaaccag 120ccagactcct caagagccac acagccagcc
gcagaattta ggagggtagc tcacagcagt 180ctatatggta gatataactg
taagtgctgc tggtttgctg ataccaattt gataacctgt 240aatgatcact
acctttgttt aaggtgccat cagggtatgt taaggaattc agatctctgc
300aatatctgct ggaagcccct gcccaccaca atcacagtac cggtggagcc
aacagcacca 360ccaccatagg cagactgcac agggtcagac ccgacccccc
ggggggcccc catggggacc 420ccccgtgggg gaaccccggg ggtgatgcgc
cattagtcaa tgtctttgat ctcgactttg 480tgcttcagtg gcctgcatgt
cacccctttc aatctgaact gcccttgggg atctgatatc 540agcaggtcat
ttaaagatct gctgaatgcc accttgaaat ttgagaattc caaccagtca
600ccaaatttat caagtgaacg gatcaactgc tctttgtgta gatcataaac
gaggacaaag 660tcctcttgct gaaataatat tgtttgtgat gttgttttta
gataaggcca tagttggctt 720aataaggttt ccacactatc aatgtcctct
agtgctccaa ttgccttgac tatgacatcc 780ccagacaact caactctata
tgttgacaac ctttcattac ctctgtaaaa gataccctct 840ttcaagacaa
gaggttctcc tgggttatct ggcccaatga ggtcatatgc atacttgtta
900cttagttcag aataaaagtc accaaagttg aacttaacat ggctcagaat
attgtcatca 960tttgtcgcag cgtagcctgc atcaataaac aagccagcta
ggtcaaagct ctcatggcct 1020gtgaacaatg gtaggctagc gataaccagt
gcaccatcca acaatgagtg gcttccctca 1080gacccagaaa cacattgact
cattgcatcc acattcagct ctaattcagg ggtaccgaca 1140tcatccactc
ctagtgaact gacaatggtg taactgtaca ccatctttct tctaagttta
1200aattttgtcg aaactcgtgt gtgttctact tgaatgatca attttagttt
cacagcttct 1260tggcaagcaa cattgcgcaa cacagtgtgc aggtccatca
tgtcttcctg aggcaacaag 1320gagatgttgt caacagagac accctcaagg
aaaaccttga tattatcaaa gctagaaact 1380acataaccca ttgcaatgtc
ttcaacaaac attgctcttg atactttatt attcctaact 1440gacaaggtaa
aatctgtgag ttcagctaga tctacttgac tgtcatcttc tagatctaga
1500acttcattga accaaaagaa ggatttgaga cacgatgttg acatgactag
tgggtttatc 1560atcgaagata agacaacttg caccatgaag ttcctgcaaa
cttgctgtgg gctgatgcca 1620acttcccaat ttgtatactc tgactgtcta
acatgggctg aagcgcaatc actctgtttc 1680acaatataaa cattattatc
tcttactttc aataagtgac ttataatccc taagttttca 1740ttcatcatgt
ctagagccac acagacatct agaaacttga gtcttccact atccaaagat
1800ctgttcactt gaagatcatt cataaagggt gccaaatgtt cttcaaatag
tttggggtaa 1860tttcttcgta tagaatgcaa tacatggttc atgcctaatt
ggtcttctat ctgtcgtact 1920gctttgggtt taacagccca gaagaaattc
ttattacata agaccagagg ggcctgtgga 1980ctcttaatag cagaaaacac
ccactcccct aactcacagg catttgtcag caccaaagag 2040aagtaatccc
acaaaattgg tttagaaaat tggttaactt ctttaagtga tttttgacag
2100taaataactt taggctttct ctcacaaatt ccacaaagac atggcattat
tcgagtaaat 2160atgtccttta tatacagaaa tccgccttta ccatccctaa
cacacttact ccccatactc 2220ttacaaaacc caatgaagcc tgaggcaaca
gaagactgaa atgcagattt gttgattgac 2280tctgccaaga tcttcttcac
gccttttgtg aaatttcttg acagcctgga ctgtattgtc 2340cttatcaatg
ttggcatctc ttctttctct aacactcttc gacttgtcat gagtttggtc
2400ctcaagacca acctcaagtc cccaaagctc gctaaattga cccatctgta
gtctagagtt 2460tgtctgattt catcttcact acacccggca tattgcagga
atccggataa agcctcatcc 2520cctcccctgc ttatcaagtt gataaggttt
tcctcaaaga ttttgcctct cttaatgtca 2580ttgaacactt tcctcgcgca
gttccttata aacattgtct ccttatcatc agaaaaaata 2640gcttcaattt
tcctctgtag acggtaccct ctagacccat caacccagtc tttgacatct
2700tgttcttcaa tagctccaaa cggagtctct ctgtatccag agtatctaat
caattggttg 2760actctaatgg aaatctttga cactatatga gtgctaaccc
cattagcaat acattgatca 2820caaattgtgt ctatggtctc tgacagttgt
gttggagttt tacacttaac gttgtgtaga 2880gcagcagaca caaacttggt
gagtaaagga gtctcttcac ccatgacaaa aaatcttgac 2940ttaaactcag
caacaaaagt tcctatcaca ctctttgggc tgataaactt gtttaattta
3000gaagataaga attcatggaa gcacaccatt tccagcagtt ctgtcctgtc
ttgaaacttt 3060tcatcactaa ggcaaggaat ttttataagg ctaacctggt
catcgctgga ggtataagtg 3120acaggtatca catcatacaa taagtcaagt
gcataacaca gaaattgttc agtaattagc 3180ccatataaat ctgatgtgtt
gtgcaagatt ccctggccca tgtccaagac agacattata 3240tggctgggga
cctggtccct tgactgcaga tactggtgaa aaaactcttc accaacacta
3300gtacagtcac aacccattaa acctaaagat ctcttcaatt tccctacaca
gtaggcttct 3360gcaacattaa ttggaacttc aacgacctta tgaagatgcc
atttgagaat gttcattact 3420ggttcaagat tcacctttgt tctatctctg
ggattcttca attctaatgt gtacaaaaaa 3480gaaaggaaaa gtgctgggct
catagttggt ccccatttgg agtggtcata tgaacaggac 3540aagtcaccat
tgttaacagc cattttcata tcacagattg cacgttcgaa ttccttttct
3600gaattcaagc atgtgtattt cattgaacta cccacagctt ctgagaagtc
ttcaactaac 3660ctggtcatca gcttagtgtt gaggtctccc acatacagtt
ctctatttga gccaacctgc 3720tccttataac ttagtccaaa tttcaagttc
cctgtatttg agctgatgct tgtgaactct 3780gtaggagagt cgtctgaata
gaaacataaa ttccgtaggg ctgcatttgt aaaataactt 3840ttgtctagct
tatcagcaat ggcttcagaa ttgctttccc tggtactaag ccgaacctca
3900tcctttagtc tcagaacttc actggaaaag cccaatctag atctacttct
atgctcataa 3960ctacccaatt tctgatcata atgtccttga attaaaagat
acttgaagca ttcaaagaat 4020tcatcttctt ggtaggctat tgttgtcaaa
ttttttaata acaaacccaa agggcagatg 4080tcctgcggtg cttcaagaaa
ataagtcaat ttaaatggag atagataaac agcatcacat 4140aactctttat
acacatcaga cctgagcaca tctggatcaa aatccttcac ctcatgcatt
4200gacacctctg ctttaatctc tctcaacact ccaaaagggg cccacaatga
ctcaagagac 4260tctcgctcat caacagatgg attttttgat ttcaacttgg
tgatctcaac ttttgtcccc 4320tcactattag ccatcttggc tagtgtcatt
tgtacgtcat ttctaatacc ctcaaaggcc 4380cttacttgat cctctgttaa
actctcatac atcactgata attcttcttg attggttctg 4440gttcttgaac
cggtgctcac aagacctgtt agatttttta atattaagta gtccatggaa
4500tcaggatcaa gattatacct gccttttgtt ttaaacctct cagccatagt
agaaacgcat 4560gttgaaacaa gtttctcctt atcataaaca gaaagaatat
ttccaagttc gtcgagcttg 4620gggattacca cacttttatt gcttgacaga
tccagagctg tgctagtgat gttaggcctg 4680tagggattgc ttttcagttc
acctgtaact ttaagtcttc ctctattgaa gagagaaatg 4740cagaaggaca
aaatctcttt acacactcct ggaatttgag tatctgagga agtcttagcc
4800tctttggaaa agaatctgtc caatcctctt atcatggtgt cctcttgttc
cagtgttaga 4860ctcccactta gaggggggtt tacaacaaca caatcaaact
tgactttggg ctcaataaac 4920ttctcaaaac actttatttg atctgtcagg
cgatcaggtg tctctttggt taccaagtga 4980cacagataac taacatttaa
tagatattta aaccttcttg caaagtaaag atctgcatct 5040tccccttcac
ccaaaattgt ctggaaaagt tccacagcca tcctctgaat cagcacctct
5100gatccagaca tgcagtcgac ccttaacttt gacatcaaat ccacatgatg
gatttgattt 5160gcatatgcca tcaagaaata tcttagacct tgtaaaaatg
tctggttcct tttggaaggg 5220gaacagagta cagctaacac taacaatctt
aatattggcc ttgtcattgt catgagttcg 5280tggctaaaat ccaaccagct
ggtcatttcc tcacacattt caattaacac atcctccgaa 5340aatataggca
ggaaaaatct ctttggatca cagtaaaaag agccttgttc ttccaatacc
5400ccattgatgg atagatagat agaatagcac cttgacttct cacctgtttt
ttggtaaaac 5460aagagaccaa atgtattctt tgtcagatga
aatctttgta cataacactc tcttagtcta 5520acattcccaa aatatctaga
atactctctt tcattgatta acaatcggga ggaaaatgat 5580gtcttcatcg
agttgaccaa tgcaagggaa atggaggaca aaatcctaaa taatttcttc
5640tgctcacctt ccactaagct gctgaatggc tgatgtctac agattttctc
aaattccttg 5700ttaatagtat atctcatcac tggtctgtca gaaacaagtg
cctgagctaa aatcatcaag 5760ctatccatat cagggtgttt tattagtttt
tccagctgtg accagagatc ttgatgagag 5820ttcttcaatg ttctggaaca
cgcttgaacc cacttggggc tggtcatcaa tttcttcctt 5880attagtttaa
tcgcctccag aatatctaga agtctgtcat tgactaacat taacatttgt
5940ccaacaacta ttcccgcatt tcttaacctt acaattgcat catcatgcgt
tttgaaaaga 6000tcacaaagta aattgagtaa aactaagtcc agaaacagta
aagtgtttct cctggtgttg 6060aaaactttta gacctttcac tttgttacac
acggaaaggg cttgaagata acacctctct 6120acagcatcaa tagatataga
attctcatct gactggcttt ccatgttgac ttcatctatt 6180ggatgcaatg
cgatagagta gactacatcc atcaacttgt ttgcacaaaa agggcagctg
6240ggcacatcac tgtctttgtg gcttcctaat aagatcaagt catttataag
cttagacttt 6300tgtgaaaatt tgaatttccc caactgcttg tcaaaaatct
ccttcttaaa ccaaaacctt 6360aactttatga gttcttctct tatgacagat
tctctaatgt ctcctctaac cccaacaaag 6420agggattcat ttaacctctc
atcataaccc aaagaattct ttttcaagca ttcgatgttt 6480tctaatccca
agctctggtt ttttgtgttg gacaaactat ggatcaatcg ctggtattct
6540tgttcttcaa tattaatctc ttgcataaat tttgatttct ttaggatgtc
gatcagcaac 6600caccgaactc tttcaacaac ccaatcagca aggaatctat
tgctgtagct agatctgcca 6660tcaaccacag gaaccaacgt aatccctgcc
cttagtaggt cggactttag gtttaagagc 6720tttgacatgt cactcttcca
ttttctctca aactcatcag gattgaccct aacaaaggtt 6780tccaatagga
tgagtgtttt ccctgtgagt ttgaagccat ccggaatgac ttttggaagg
6840gtgggacata gtatgccata gtcagacagg atcacatcaa caaacttctg
atctgaattg 6900atctgacagg cgtgtgcctc acaggactca agctctacta
aacttgacag aagtttgaac 6960ccttccaaca acagagagct ggggtgatgt
tgagataaaa agatgtccct ttggtatgct 7020agctcctgtc tttctggaaa
atgctttcta ataaggcttt ttatttcatt tactgattcc 7080tccatgctca
agtgccgcct aggatcctcg gtgcg 711524224PRTArtificial SequenceAmino
acid sequence of a P815 mouse mastocytoma-derived self antigen P1A
24Met Ser Asp Asn Lys Lys Pro Asp Lys Ala His Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly1
5 10 15Asp Gly Asp Gly Asn Arg Cys Asn Leu Leu His Arg Tyr Ser Leu
Glu 20 25 30Glu Ile Leu Pro Tyr Leu Gly Trp Leu Val Phe Ala Val Val
Thr Thr 35 40 45Ser Phe Leu Ala Leu Gln Met Phe Ile Asp Ala Leu Tyr
Glu Glu Gln 50 55 60Tyr Glu Arg Asp Val Ala Trp Ile Ala Arg Gln Ser
Lys Arg Met Ser65 70 75 80Ser Val Asp Glu Asp Glu Asp Asp Glu Asp
Asp Glu Asp Asp Tyr Tyr 85 90 95Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp Asp Asp Asp Ala
Phe Tyr Asp Asp Glu Asp Asp 100 105 110Glu Glu Glu Glu Leu Glu Asn
Leu Met Asp Asp Glu Ser Glu Asp Glu 115 120 125Ala Glu Glu Glu Met
Ser Val Glu Met Gly Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Met 130 135 140Gly Ala Gly
Ala Asn Cys Ala Cys Val Pro Gly His His Leu Arg Lys145 150 155
160Asn Glu Val Lys Cys Arg Met Ile Tyr Phe Phe His Asp Pro Asn Phe
165 170 175Leu Val Ser Ile Pro Val Asn Pro Lys Glu Gln Met Glu Cys
Arg Cys 180 185 190Glu Asn Ala Asp Glu Glu Val Ala Met Glu Glu Glu
Glu Glu Glu Glu 195 200 205Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Met Gly Asn
Pro Asp Gly Phe Ser Pro 210 215 220
* * * * *