U.S. patent application number 17/262928 was filed with the patent office on 2021-05-13 for an agrochemical composition.
The applicant listed for this patent is Hiteshkumar Anilkant DOSHI, Arun Vitthal SAWANT. Invention is credited to Hiteshkumar Anilkant DOSHI, Arun Vitthal SAWANT.
Application Number | 20210137123 17/262928 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005389028 |
Filed Date | 2021-05-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210137123 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SAWANT; Arun Vitthal ; et
al. |
May 13, 2021 |
AN AGROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Abstract
The invention relates to an agrochemical composition comprising
a complex formed with at least one of elemental zinc or its salt or
derivative or mixtures thereof and at least one of eugenol or
source containing eugenol; with at least one agrochemically
acceptable excipient. The agrochemical composition is in the form
of wettable powders, aqueous suspensions, suspoemulsions, emulsion
in water, emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrates, liquid
suspension, aqueous dispersion, water dispersible granules,
broadcast granules, water disintegrable granules, seed dressings or
emulsions for seed treatment and combinations thereof. Further, the
agrochemical composition comprises particles in the size range of
0.1 micron to 50 microns. Furthermore, the invention relates to a
process of preparing the agrochemical composition and to a method
of treating plants, seeds, crops, plant propagation material,
locus, parts thereof or soil with the agrochemical composition.
Inventors: |
SAWANT; Arun Vitthal;
(Maharashtra, IN) ; DOSHI; Hiteshkumar Anilkant;
(Maharashtra, IN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SAWANT; Arun Vitthal
DOSHI; Hiteshkumar Anilkant |
Maharashtra
Maharashtra |
|
IN
IN |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005389028 |
Appl. No.: |
17/262928 |
Filed: |
July 26, 2019 |
PCT Filed: |
July 26, 2019 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/IB2019/056402 |
371 Date: |
January 25, 2021 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 25/14 20130101;
A01C 1/06 20130101; A01G 7/06 20130101; A01N 65/40 20130101; A01N
31/16 20130101; A01N 65/22 20130101; A01N 59/16 20130101; A01N
65/28 20130101; A01N 65/08 20130101; A01N 65/48 20130101; A01N
65/12 20130101; A01N 65/24 20130101; C05F 11/08 20130101; A01N
65/10 20130101; C05G 3/60 20200201; C05G 1/00 20130101; C05D 9/00
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01N 59/16 20060101
A01N059/16; A01N 31/16 20060101 A01N031/16; A01N 25/14 20060101
A01N025/14; A01N 65/48 20060101 A01N065/48; A01N 65/28 20060101
A01N065/28; A01N 65/24 20060101 A01N065/24; A01N 65/08 20060101
A01N065/08; A01N 65/22 20060101 A01N065/22; A01N 65/10 20060101
A01N065/10; A01N 65/40 20060101 A01N065/40; A01N 65/12 20060101
A01N065/12; A01G 7/06 20060101 A01G007/06; C05G 3/60 20060101
C05G003/60; C05F 11/08 20060101 C05F011/08; C05G 1/00 20060101
C05G001/00; C05D 9/00 20060101 C05D009/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 27, 2018 |
IB |
PCT/IB2018/055632 |
Claims
1.-19. (canceled)
20. An agrochemical composition comprising: i. a complex formed
with: a. at least one of elemental zinc or its salt or derivative
thereof, b. at least one of eugenol or a source thereof; and ii. at
least one agrochemical excipient; wherein the composition comprises
particles in the size range of from 0.1 micron to 50 microns.
21. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the composition has a suspensibility of at least 30%.
22. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the complex is present in a concentration range of from 1-95% w/w
of the total composition, preferably in the range of from 5-95% w/w
of the total composition.
23. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the composition is in the form of a solid or a liquid or a gel.
24. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 23, wherein
the solid composition is in the form of water dispersible granules,
broadcast granules, water disintegrable granules, wettable powder
or micro granules.
25. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 24, wherein
the water dispersible granules, water disintegrable granules,
broadcast granules are in the size range of from 0.1 to 6 mm.
26. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 24, wherein
the micro granules are in the size range of from 0.1 to 2.5 mm.
27. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 23, wherein
the liquid composition is in the form of suspoemulsion, emulsion in
water, oil dispersion, liquid suspension, aqueous suspension,
suspension concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, seed dressing or
emulsions for seed treatment and combinations thereof
28. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the zinc salt or derivative comprises one or more of water soluble
zinc salts, water insoluble zinc salts; derivatives and mixtures
thereof.
29. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 28, wherein
the water insoluble zinc salt comprises one or more of zinc oxide,
zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxides, zinc stearate or derivatives and
mixtures thereof.
30. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 28, wherein
the water soluble zinc salt comprises one or more of zinc acetate,
zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, zinc bromide, sodium
zincate, zinc iodide or derivatives and mixtures thereof.
31. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the source of eugenol is one or more of essential oil, plant
extract and mixtures thereof.
32. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 31, wherein
the essential oil or plant extract includes one or more of clove,
nutmeg, cinnamon, basil, bay leaf, ginger, celery, vanilla, lemon
balm, dill, japanese star anise, cinnamomum, wormwood and mixtures
thereof.
33. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the composition further comprises at least one of nutrients
selected from macronutrients, micro nutrients; biostimulants;
pesticidal actives; plant growth regulators; microbes; algae;
bactereospores; fertilizer selected from nitrogen fertilizer,
phosphorous, potassium fertilizers, sulfur fertilizers; salts or
complexes or derivatives and mixtures thereof.
34. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the agrochemically acceptable excipient is selected from one or
more of fillers or carriers or diluents, spreading agents,
colorants, binders, buffers or pH adjusters or neutralizing agents,
antifoaming agents or defoamers, anti-settling agents, water
miscible solvents, penetrants, preservatives, ultraviolet
absorbents, UV ray scattering agents, stabilizers, surfactants,
dispersing agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, structuring agents,
disintegrating agents, thickeners, chelating or complexing or
sequestering agents, viscosity modifiers, tackifiers, suspension
aid, rheology modifiers, anti-settling agents, humectants,
anti-freezing agent, sticking agents and mixtures thereof.
35. A process of preparation of the agrochemical composition as
claimed in claim 20.
36. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein
the composition is at least one of a crop protection composition, a
pesticide composition, a fungicide composition, a bactericide
composition, a fertilizer composition, a nutrient composition, a
crop strengthener composition.
37. A method of protecting the crop, improving its health and
growth or enhancing the crop yield, the said method comprising
treating at least one of a plant, crop, plant propagation material,
locus or parts thereof, a seed, seedling or surrounding soil with
the composition as claimed in claim 20.
Description
[0001] This application is a 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 371 National Phase of
PCT Application No. PCT/IB2019/056402, filed Jul. 26, 2019, which
claims priority to PCT/IB2018/055632, filed Jul. 27, 2018, the
disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their
entireties.
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to an agrochemical composition
comprising a complex formed with at least one of elemental zinc or
its salt or derivative or mixtures thereof and at least one of
eugenol or a source thereof; with at least one agrochemically
acceptable excipient. The agrochemical composition is in the form
of wettable powder, aqueous suspension, suspoemulsion, emulsion in
water, emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, water
dispersible granules, microgranules, broadcast granules, water
disintegrable granules, oil dispersion or suspension, seed
dressings or emulsions for seed treatment, and combinations
thereof. Further, the agrochemical composition comprises the
particles in the size range of from 0.1 micron to 50 microns.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a process of preparing the
agrochemical composition and to a method of treating plants, seeds,
crops, plant propagation material, locus, parts thereof or soil
with the agrochemical composition.
[0003] The agrochemical composition is suitable for protection of
plant, enhance plant growth, increase plant defense, protection of
plants from biotic and abiotic stresses.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In describing the embodiments of the invention, specific
terminology is chosen for the sake of clarity. However, it is not
intended that the invention be limited to the specific terms so
selected and it is to be understood that each specific term
includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner
to accomplish a similar purpose.
[0005] Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture for plant
protection; however, the use of synthetic pesticides is a matter of
concern for both the environment and consumers in the agrochemical
sector. Further to this, it has been observed that prolonged use of
synthetic pesticides against certain pests and plant diseases
results in development of pest resistance requiring increased
dosages of pesticide for effective results and thus a major concern
of pesticide residue in plant produce. Further, environmental
pollution, impact on biodiversity and operational cost have created
the need for developing an alternative solution which is
environmentally safer and provides a residue free plant protection.
It was noticed that plant derived materials are an excellent
alternative to synthetic pesticides so as to reduce environmental
concerns and assure safety to consumers.
[0006] The inventors of the present invention found that the
agrochemical composition comprising a complex formed with one of
elemental zinc or its salt or derivative thereof and at least one
of eugenol or a source thereof; with at least one agrochemical
excipient, provides an effective control against various pests,
diseases and demonstrate excellent field efficacy in terms of
improved yield of crop, plant physiological parameters such as
increased rooting, improved foliage, disease resistance, increased
greenness of the crops thus providing a nutritionally rich crop.
The composition of the present invention can be applied as a foliar
spray or to the soil, seed treatment, seed painting, through
broadcasting or through drip or trickle irrigation.
[0007] It was noted by the present inventors that the composition
of the present invention is not only highly effective for plant
protection but also has no negative impact of particular residues
generally formed by the application of synthetic pesticides.
[0008] Zinc oxide eugenol is commonly used in the field of
orthodentistry as dental cement filling material because of its
anesthetic and antibacterial properties. These cements are also
known to have other applications like providing sedative effect in
deep preparations, as antimicrobial additive in paint etc.
[0009] WO/0049996 discloses use of zinc oxide coated microspheres
with eugenol as a deodorant composition. EP58091972 discloses the
use of eugenol or isoeugenol zinc salt as an antiulcer agent.
[0010] However, there is no such disclosure or teaching in the art
of a complex being formed with eugenol or its source with elemental
zinc, its salts, derivative thereof and the complex being
formulated for agrochemical use namely as a water dispersible or
water disintegrable granules or suspension concentrates or
suspoemulsion etc., with specific granule and particle sizes
leading to effective control against various pests, diseases and
improvement in crop yield.
3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The inventors have determined that an agrochemical
composition comprising a complex wherein the complex formed with at
least one of elemental zinc or its salt or derivative or mixtures
thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source thereof; with at
least one agrochemical excipient demonstrated excellent control
over pests and various plant pathogens infecting crops and exhibits
enhanced stability even at extended storage under higher
temperatures.
[0012] Further, the agrochemical composition is in the form of
solid or liquid or gel and comprises particles in the size range of
0.1 micron to 50 microns.
[0013] Furthermore, the invention relates to a process of preparing
the agrochemical composition comprising a complex formed by at
least one of elemental zinc or its salt or derivative or mixtures
thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source thereof.
[0014] The invention further relates to a method of protecting the
crop, improving the crop health and growth, enhancing crop yield,
strengthening the plant, increasing crop defense, protecting the
crops from biotic and abiotic stresses or conditioning the soil;
the method comprises treating at least one of seeds, seedling,
crops, a plant, plant propagation material, locus, parts thereof or
to the surrounding soil with effective amount of the agrochemical
composition which includes a complex formed with at least one of
elemental zinc or its salt or derivative thereof and at least one
of eugenol or a source thereof; with at least one agrochemical
excipient.
[0015] It was further observed that the agrochemical composition of
the present invention exhibits superior physical characteristics
such as suspensibility, dispersibility, flowability, wettability,
viscosity, pourability and stability towards heat, light,
temperature, caking etc. The compositions of the present invention
also demonstrated superior performance under accelerated storage
conditions.
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] In describing the embodiment of the invention, specific
terminology has been chosen for the sake of clarity. However, it is
not intended that the invention be limited to the specific terms so
selected and it is to be understood that such specific terms
include all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner
to accomplish a similar purpose. It is understood that any
numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub
ranges subsumed. Also, unless denoted otherwise percentage of
components in a composition are presented as weight percent.
[0017] According to the invention, the term "complex formed with at
least one of elemental zinc or a salt or a derivative thereof with
at least one of eugenol or a source thereof" encompasses "salt" or
chelate" of the same.
[0018] A water dispersible granule is defined as a formulation
which disperses or dissolves rapidly when added to water to give a
fine particle suspension. As described herein, "WG" or "WDG" refer
to water dispersible granules.
[0019] According to the invention, the term liquid suspension
encompasses "aqueous suspension" or aqueous dispersion" or
"suspension concentrates (SC)" or "suspoemulsion (SE)" composition.
Liquid suspension can be defined as composition wherein solid
particles are dispersed or suspended in a liquid. The liquid as a
vehicle can be water and/or a water miscible solvent.
[0020] As defined herein, WP refers to a wettable powder, which can
be a powder formulation to be applied as a suspension after
dispersion in water.
[0021] As defined herein, EC refers to an emulsifiable concentrate,
which can be a liquid homogenous formulation to be applied as an
emulsion after dilution in water.
[0022] As defined herein, SE refers to a suspoemulsion which is a
combination of suspension concentrate (SC) and concentrated aqueous
emulsion (EW) technologies.
[0023] As described herein, ZC refers to a stable suspension of
capsules and an active ingredient in a liquid, normally intended
for dilution with water before use.
[0024] As defined herein, OD refers to oil dispersion or oil
suspension wherein a solid active ingredient is dispersed in oil.
The oil can vary from paraffinic to aromatic solvent types and
vegetable oil or methylated seed oils.
[0025] The invention relates to an agrochemical composition
comprising a complex formed with at least one elemental zinc or its
salt or derivative thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source
thereof; with at least one agrochemical excipient.
[0026] According to an embodiment, the complex is present in the
concentration range of from 1% to 95% w/w of the total composition.
According to further embodiment, the complex is present in the
range of from 5% to 95% w/w of the total composition. According to
further embodiment, the complex is present in the range of from 5%
to 90% w/w of the total composition. According to further
embodiment, the complex is present in the range of from 5% to 85%
w/w of the total composition. According to further embodiment, the
complex is present in the range of from 5% to 80% w/w of the total
composition. According to further embodiment, the complex is
present in the range of from 5% to 70% w/w of the total
composition. According to further embodiment, the complex is
present in the range of from 5% to 60% w/w of the total
composition. According to further embodiment, the complex is
present in the range of from 5% to 50% w/w of the total
composition. According to an embodiment, the zinc salt or
derivative thereof includes one or more of water soluble and/or
water insoluble zinc salts, or derivatives and mixtures
thereof.
[0027] According to an embodiment, the zinc salts, derivatives
thereof particularly include water insoluble zinc salts or
derivatives and mixtures thereof. According to an embodiment, the
water insoluble zinc salts include one or more of zinc oxide, zinc
carbonate, zinc hydroxides, zinc stearate or derivatives and
mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate
that it is possible to utilize other water insoluble zinc salts or
derivatives without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0028] According to an embodiment, the zinc salts, derivatives
thereof particularly include water soluble zinc salts or
derivatives and mixtures thereof. According to an embodiment, the
water soluble salts include one or more of zinc acetate, zinc
chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, zinc bromide, sodium zincate,
zinc iodide or derivatives and mixtures thereof. However, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize
other water soluble zinc salts or derivatives without departing
from the scope of the invention.
[0029] According to an embodiment, the eugenol can be either
synthetically prepared or obtained from natural sources and is
commercially available from a wide variety of suppliers. According
to an embodiment, the source of eugenol includes one or more of
essential oil or plant extract or mixtures thereof. According to a
further embodiment, the essential oil or plant extract includes one
or more of clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil, bay leaf, ginger,
celery, vanilla, lemon balm, dill, japanese star anise, cinnamomum,
wormwood and mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art
will appreciate that it is possible to utilize other essential oils
or plant extracts as source of eugenol without departing from the
scope of the invention. The essential oils or plant extracts are
commercially manufactured and easily available through various
suppliers in India and abroad. The eugenol employed for the
purposes of preparing the composition of the present invention has
been procured from foreign vendors.
[0030] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
comprises the particles in the size range of 0.1 micron to 50
microns, preferably in the size range of 0.1 micron to 20 microns.
The particle size range of 0.1-50 microns of the agrochemical
composition was found to be important not only in terms of ease of
application but also in terms of efficacy.
[0031] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition is
in a solid form or a liquid form or in gel form. According to an
embodiment, the agrochemical composition may be in the form of
wettable powders, aqueous suspensions, suspoemulsions, suspension
concentrates, emulsion in water, oil dispersion, liquid suspension,
water dispersible granules, broadcast granules, water disintegrable
granules, micro granules, seed dressings or emulsions for seed
treatment, emulsifiable concentrate and combinations thereof.
[0032] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition is
in the form of solid. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
composition is in the form of water dispersible granules, broadcast
granules, water disintegrable granules, microgranules and wettable
powders.
[0033] According to an embodiment, the solid agrochemical
composition includes a complex present in the concentration range
of from 1% to 95% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the solid agrochemical composition includes a complex
present in the concentration range of from 10% to 95% w/w of the
total composition. According to an embodiment, the solid
agrochemical composition includes a complex present in the
concentration range of from 10% to 90% w/w of the total
composition. According to an embodiment, the solid agrochemical
composition includes a complex present in the concentration range
of from 10% to 85% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the solid agrochemical composition includes a complex
present in the concentration range of from 10% to 80% w/w of the
total composition.
[0034] According to an embodiment, the solid agrochemical
composition comprises particles in the size range of 0.1 to 50
microns, preferably in the size range of 0.1 to 20 microns.
[0035] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition is
in the form of water dispersible granules, broadcast granules,
water disintegrable granules, wherein the granules are in the size
range of 0.1-6 mm, preferably in the size range of 0.1-5 mm,
preferably in the size range of 0.1-4 mm, preferably in the size
range of 0.1-3 mm, preferably in the size range of 0.1-2.5 mm.
[0036] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition is
in the form of micro granules, wherein the granules are in the size
range of 0.1-2.5 mm, preferably in the size range of 0.1-2 mm,
preferably in the size range of 0.1-1.5 mm, preferably in the size
range of 0.1-1 mm, preferably in the size range of 0.1-0.5 mm.
[0037] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition is
in the form of liquid. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
composition is in the form of aqueous suspension, suspoemulsion,
suspension concentrate, emulsion in water, oil dispersion or
suspension, liquid suspension, seed dressings or emulsions for seed
treatment, emulsifiable concentrate and combinations thereof.
[0038] According to an embodiment, the liquid agrochemical
composition includes a complex present in the concentration range
of from 1% to 70% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the liquid agrochemical composition includes a complex
present in the concentration range of from 5% to 70% w/w of the
total composition. According to an embodiment, the liquid
agrochemical composition includes a complex present in the
concentration range of from 5% to 60% w/w of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the liquid agrochemical composition
includes a complex present in the concentration range of from 5% to
50% w/w of the total composition.
[0039] According to an embodiment, the liquid agrochemical
composition comprises particles in the size range of 0.1 to 50
microns, preferably the liquid agrochemical composition comprises
particles in the size range of 0.1 to 20 microns.
[0040] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition may
optionally comprise at least one fertilizer. Application of
fertilizers not only assists in increasing yield and promoting
healthy crop but also helps in development of defense against the
pest and disease attack.
[0041] According to another embodiment, the fertilizers include
single nutrient fertilizers, multi nutrient fertilizers, binary
fertilizers, compound fertilizers, organic fertilizers and mixtures
thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it
is possible to utilize other fertilizers known in the art without
departing from the scope of the invention.
[0042] According to yet another embodiment, the fertilizer
comprises one or more of water soluble fertilizer or water
insoluble fertilizer or salts or complexes or derivatives and
mixtures thereof.
[0043] According to further embodiment, the fertilizers include
nitrogen, phosphate, potash, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, urea,
sodium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium
carbonate, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium
phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, super phosphates,
phosphogypsum, triple super phosphates, sulfur fertilizers, NPK
fertilizers or salts or complexes or derivatives and mixtures
thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it
is possible to use other fertilizers without departing from the
scope of the present invention.
[0044] According to an embodiment, the fertilizer is present in the
range of 1% to 90% w/w of the total composition. Preferably, the
fertilizer is present in the range of 1% to 40% w/w of the total
composition.
[0045] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
further optionally comprises one or more of nutrients, bio
stimulants, pesticidal actives, plant growth regulators, microbes,
bacteriospores, algae or salts or complexes or derivatives and
mixtures thereof. According to an embodiment, the nutrients, bio
stimulants, pesticidal actives, plant growth regulators, microbes,
bacteriospores, algae or salts or complexes or derivatives and
mixtures may be formulated separately to be included in the
composition of the present invention.
[0046] According to another embodiment, the nutrients comprise one
or more of macronutrients, micronutrients, in their elemental form
or salts or complexes derivatives and mixtures thereof.
[0047] According to another embodiment, the nutrients comprise one
or more of sulfur, iron, boron, calcium, magnesium, copper,
manganese, silicon, cobalt, chlorine, sodium, molybdenum, chromium,
vanadium, selenium, nickel, iodine, chlorine, fluorine,
phosphorous, potassium, in their elemental form or salts or
complexes or derivatives and mixtures thereof. The composition may
further optionally comprise of other nutrients namely one or more
of vitamins, organic acids or salts or complexes or derivatives and
mixtures thereof. However, the above list of nutrients is exemplary
and not meant to limit the scope of the invention.
[0048] According to an embodiment, the nutrients are present in the
range of from 0.1% to 70% w/w of the total composition. According
to an embodiment, the nutrients are present in the range of from
0.1% to 40% w/w of the total composition.
[0049] According to an embodiment, the plant growth promoters
include one or more of humic acid, ascorbic acids, fulvic acid,
lactic acid, oxalic acid, phytic acid, fumaric acid, gibberellic
acid, auxins, citric acid, N-acetyl thiazolidine-4 carboxylic acid,
paclobutrazol, triacontanol and mixtures thereof. However, the
above list of plant growth promoter is exemplary and not meant to
limit the scope of the invention.
[0050] According to an embodiment, the plant growth promoters are
present in the range of from 0.1% to 60% w/w of the total
composition. According to an embodiment, the plant growth promoters
are present in the range of from 0.1% to 40% w/w of the total
composition.
[0051] According to an embodiment, the pesticidal actives include
one or more of an antifoulant, an insecticide, a fungicide, a
herbicide, a nematicide, a pheromone, a defoliant, an acaricide, a
plant growth regulator, an algicide, an antifeedant, an avicide, a
bactericide, a bird repellent, a biopesticide, a biocide, a
chemosterilant, a safener, an insect attractant, an insect
repellent, an insect growth regulator, a mammal repellent, a mating
disrupter, a disinfectant, a molluscicide, an antimicrobial, a
miticide, an ovicide, a fumigant, a plant activator, a rodenticide,
a synergist, a virucide, a microbial pesticide, a plant
incorporated protectant, other miscellaneous pesticidal actives or
salts or derivatives and mixtures thereof.
[0052] According to an embodiment, pesticide is present in an
amount of 0.1% to 80% w/w of the composition. According to further
embodiment, pesticide is present in an amount of 0.1% to 60% w/w of
the composition. According to further embodiment, pesticide is
present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% w/w of the composition.
[0053] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
comprises at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
According to further embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable
excipient comprises one or more of surfactants, dispersing agents,
emulsifiers, wetting agents, binders or binding agents,
disintegrating agents, fillers or carriers or diluents, spreading
agents, coating agents, buffers or pH adjusters or neutralizing
agents, antifoaming agents or defoamers, penetrants, preservatives,
ultraviolet absorbents, UV ray scattering agents, stabilizers,
pigments, colorants, structuring agents, chelating or complexing or
sequestering agents, anti-settling agents, thickeners, suspending
agents or suspension aid agents, viscosity modifiers, tackifiers,
humectants, rheology modifiers, sticking agents, anti-freezing
agent or freeze point depressants, organic fluids or oils, solvents
including non aqueous solvent, aqueous solvents and mixtures
thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it
is possible to utilize additional agrochemically acceptable
excipients without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0054] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical excipients are
present in a concentration range of 1%-95% w/w of the total
composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-90% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-80% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-70% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-60% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-50% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-40% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-30% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-20% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
excipients are present in a concentration range of 1%-10% w/w of
the total composition.
[0055] According to an embodiment, the surfactants which are used
in the agrochemical composition include one or more of anionic,
cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric and polymeric surfactants.
According to an embodiment, the surfactants include one or more of
emulsifiers, wetting agents and dispersing agents.
[0056] The anionic surfactants include, but not limited to one or
more of a salt of fatty acid, a benzoate, a polycarboxylate, a salt
of alkylsulfuric acid ester, alkyl ether sulfates, an alkyl
sulfate, an alkylaryl sulfate, an alkyl diglycol ether sulfate, a
salt of alcohol sulfuric acid ester, an alkyl sulfonate, an
alkylaryl sulfonate, an aryl sulfonate, a lignin sulfonate, an
alkyldiphenyletherdisulfonate, a polystyrene sulfonate, a salt of
alkylphosphoric acid ester, an alkylaryl phosphate, a styrylaryl
phosphate, sulfonate docusates, a salt of polyoxyethylene alkyl
ether sulfuric acid ester, a polyoxyethylenealkylaryl ether
sulfate, alkyl sarcosinates, alpha olefin sulfonate sodium salt,
alkyl benzene sulfonate or its salts, sodium lauroylsarcosinate,
sulfosuccinates, polyacrylates, polyacrylates--free acid and sodium
salt, salt of polyoxyethylenealkylaryl ether sulfuric acid ester, a
polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, a salt of
polyoxyethylenealkylaryl phosphoric acid ester, sulfosuccinates
-mono and other diesters, phosphate esters, alkyl naphthalene
sulfonate-isopropyl and butyl derivatives, alkyl ether
sulfates--sodium and ammonium salts; alkyl aryl ether phosphates,
ethylene oxides and its derivatives, a salt of polyoxyethylene aryl
ether phosphoric acid ester, mono-alkyl sulphosuccinates, aromatic
hydrocarbon sulphonates, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic
acid, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium perfluorononanoate,
docusate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, magnesium laureth sulfate,
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, carboxylates,
perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, phospholipid,
potassium lauryl sulfate, soap, soap substitute, sodium alkyl
sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate,
sodium laurate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauroylsarcosinate,
sodium myreth sulfate, sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, sodium
pareth sulfate, alkyl carboxylates, sodium stearate, alpha olefin
sulphonates, naphthalene sulfonate salts, alkyl naphthalene
sulfonate fatty acid salts, naphthalene sulfonate
condensates--sodium salt, fluoro carboxylate, fatty alcohol
sulphates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensates--sodium salt, a
naphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde or a salt of
alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde; or
salts or derivatives thereof.
[0057] Cationic surfactants include, but not limited to one or more
of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides, alkyl methyl ethoxylated
ammonium chlorides or salts, dodecyl-, coco-, hexadecyl-,
octadecyl-, octadecyl/behenyl-, behenyl-,
cocoamidopropyl-,trimethyl ammonium chloride; coco-, stearyl-,
bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methyl ammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride,
alkyl-, tetradecyl-, octadecyl-dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride,
dioctyl-, di(octyl-decyl)-, didecyl-, dihexadecyl-distearyl-,
di(hydrogenated tallow)-dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated
tallow) benzyl-, trioctyl-, tri(octyl-decyl)-, tridodecyl-,
trihexadecyl-methyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl trimethyl-, dodecyl
dimethyl benzyl-, di-(octyl-decyl) dimethyl, didecyl
dimethyl-ammonium bromide, quaternised amine ethoxylates,
behentrimonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium
chloride, benzododecinium bromide, bronidox, quaternary ammonium
salts carbethopendecinium bromide, cetalkonium chloride,
cetrimonium bromide, cetrimonium chloride, cetylpyridinium
chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride,
dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium
chloride, domiphen bromide, lauryl methyl gluceth-10
hydroxypropyldimonium chloride, octenidinedihydrochloride, olaflur,
n-oleyl-1, 3-propanediamine, pahutoxin, stearalkonium chloride,
tetramethylammonium hydroxide, thonzonium bromide; salts or
derivatives thereof.
[0058] The non-ionic surfactants include, but not limited to one or
more of polyol esters, polyol fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated
esters, polyethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated
fatty alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols, EO/PO
copolymers; EO and PO block copolymers, di, tri-block copolymers;
block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol,
poloxamers, polysorbates, alkyl polysaccharides such as alkyl
polyglycosides and blends thereof, amine ethoxylates, sorbitan
fatty acid ester, glycol and glycerol esters, glucosidyl alkyl
ethers, sodium tallowate, polyoxyethylene glycol, sorbitan alkyl
esters, sorbitan derivatives, fatty acid esters of sorbitan (Spans)
and their ethoxylated derivatives (Tweens), and sucrose esters of
fatty acids, cetostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cocamide dea,
cocamide mea, decyl glucoside, decylpolyglucose, glycerol
monostearate, lauryl glucoside, maltosides, monolaurin,
narrow-range ethoxylate, nonidet p-40, nonoxynol-9, nonoxynols,
octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, n-octyl
beta-d-thioglucopyranoside, octyl glucoside, oleyl alcohol, PEG-10
sunflower glycerides, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether,
polidocanol, poloxamer, poloxamer 407, polyethoxylated tallow
amine, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polysorbate, polysorbate 20,
polysorbate 80, sorbitan, sorbitan monolaurate,
sorbitanmonostearate, sorbitantristearate, stearyl alcohol,
surfactin, glyceryl laureate, lauryl glucoside,
nonylphenolpolyethoxyethanols, nonyl phenol polyglycol ether,
castor oil ethoxylate, polyglycol ethers, polyadducts of ethylene
oxide and propylene oxide, block copolymer of polyalkylene glycol
ether and hydroxystearic acid, tributylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol,
octylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol, etho-propoxylatedtristyrlphenols,
ethoxylated alcohols, polyoxy ethylene sorbitan, fatty acid
polyglyceride, a fatty acid alcohol polyglycol ether, acetylene
glycol, acetylene alcohol, an oxyalkylene block polymer, a
polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a polyoxyethylenealkylaryl ether, a
polyoxyethylenestyrylaryl ether, a polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl
ether, polyethylene glycol, a polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, a
polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene
glycerin fatty acid ester, Alcohol ethoxylates--C6 to C16/18
alcohols, linear and branched, Alcohol alkoxylates--various
hydrophobes and EO/PO contents and ratios, Fatty acid esters--mono
and diesters; lauric, stearic and oleic; glycerol esters--with and
without EO; lauric, stearic, cocoa and tall oil derived,
ethoxylatedglycerine, sorbitan esters--with and without EO; lauric,
stearic and oleic based; mono and trimesters, castor oil
ethoxylates--5 to 200 moles EO; non-hydrogenated and hydrogenated,
block polymers, amine oxides-ethoxylated and non-ethoxylated; alkyl
dimethyl, Fatty amine ethoxylates--coco, tallow, stearyl, oleyl
amines, a polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil or a
polyoxypropylene fatty acid ester; salts or derivatives
thereof.
[0059] Amphoteric or Zwitterionic surfactants include, but not
limited one or more of to betaine, coco and lauryl amidopropyl
betaines, coco alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, alkyl dimethyl
betaines; c8 to c18, alkyl dipropionates-sodium
lauriminodipropionate, cocoamidopropylhydroxysulfobetaine,
imidazolines, phospholipids phosphatidylserine,
phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelins,
lauryl dimethylamine oxide, alkyl amphoacetates and proprionates,
alkyl ampho(di)acetates, and diproprionates, lecithin and
ethanolamine fatty amides; or salts or derivatives thereof.
[0060] Surfactants that are commercially available under the
trademark but are not limited to, one or more of Atlas G5000,
TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, ECOTERIC.RTM., EULSOGEN.RTM. 118,
Genapol.RTM.X, Genapol.RTM.OX -080, Genapol.RTM. C 100,
Emulsogen.RTM. EL 200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239,
Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS 15, Promulgen.TM. D,
Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP/461, Soprophor TSP/724, Croduret 40,
Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, Cetomacrogol 1000, CHEMONIC
OE-20, Triton N-101, Triton X-100, Tween 20, 40, 60, 65, 80, Span
20, 40, 60, 80, 83, 85, 120, Brij.RTM., Atlox 4912, Atlas G5000,
TERMUL 3512, TERMUL 3015, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, ECOTERIC.RTM.,
ECOTERIC.RTM. T85, ECOTERIC.RTM. T20, TERIC 12A4, EULSOGEN.RTM.
118, Genapol.RTM.X, Genapol.RTM.OX -080, Genapol.RTM. C 100,
Emulsogen.RTM. EL 200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239,
Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS 15, Promulgen.TM. D,
Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP/461, Soprophor TSP/724, Croduret 40,
Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton.TM.
N-101, IGEPAL CA-630 and Isoceteth-20. However, those skilled in
the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize other
conventionally known surfactants without departing from the scope
of the present invention.
[0061] According to an embodiment, the surfactant is present in an
amount of 0.1% to 60% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 40%
w/w of the total composition. According to an embodiment; the
surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w/w of the total
composition. According to a further embodiment, the surfactant is
present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w/w of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount
of 0.1% to 10% w/w of the total composition.
[0062] According to an embodiment, the solvents used in the
agrochemical composition include water miscible solvents. The water
miscible solvents include, but not limited to one or more of 1,
4-dioxane, ethylene glycol, glycerol, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,
1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, sorbitol, propylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol,
dimethylformamide, dimethoxyethane, dimethyloctanamide,
dimethyldecanamide.
[0063] However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is
possible to utilize other water miscible solvents without departing
from the scope of the present invention.
[0064] According to an embodiment, the solvent is present in an
amount of 0.1-95% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of 0.1-60% w/w of
the total composition. According to an embodiment, the solvent is
present in an amount of 0.1-40% w/w of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of
0.1-30% w/w of the total composition.
[0065] According to an embodiment, the disintegrating agents which
are used in the agrochemical composition include, but not limited
to one or more of inorganic water soluble salts e.g. sodium
chloride, nitrate salts; water soluble organic compounds such as
agar, hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl starch ether, tragacanth,
gelatin, casein, microcrystalline cellulose, cross-linked sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl
cellulose calcium, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium
hexametaphosphate, metal stearates, a cellulose powder, dextrin,
methacrylate copolymer, Polyplasdone.RTM. XL-10 (crosslinked
polyvinylpyrrolidone), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), polyaminocarboxylic
acid, sulfonated styrene-isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer,
salts of polyacrylates of methacrylates, starch-polyacrylonitrile
graft copolymer, sodium or potassium bicarbonates/carbonates or
their mixtures or salts with acids such as citric and fumaric acid;
or salts or derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art
will appreciate that it is possible to utilize different
disintegrating agents without departing from the scope of the
present invention.
[0066] According to an embodiment, the disintegrating agent is
present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% w/w of the composition.
According to an embodiment, the disintegrating agent is present in
an amount of 0.1% to 30% w/w of the composition. According to an
embodiment, the disintegrating agent is present in an amount of
0.1% to 20% w/w of the composition. According to an embodiment, the
disintegrating agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w/w of
the composition. According to an embodiment, the disintegrating
agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 5% w/w of the
composition.
[0067] According to an embodiment, the binding agents or binders
which are used in the agrochemical composition include, but not
limited to one or more of proteins, lipoproteins, lipids,
glycolipid, glycoprotein, carbohydrates such as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, complex
organic substance, synthetic organic polymers or derivatives and
combinations thereof. However, those skilled in the art will
appreciate that it is possible to utilize different binding agents
without departing from the scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment, the binding agent is present in an
amount of 0.1% to 50% w/w of the composition. According to further
embodiment, the binding agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to
30% w/w of the composition. According to further embodiment, the
binding agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w/w of the
composition. According to further embodiment, the binding agent is
present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w/w of the composition.
[0068] According to an embodiment, the carriers which are used in
the agrochemical composition include, but not limited to one or
more of solid carriers or fillers or diluents. According to another
embodiment, the carriers include mineral carriers, plant carriers,
synthetic carriers, water-soluble carriers. However, those skilled
in the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize different
carriers without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0069] The solid carriers include natural minerals like clay such
as china clay, acid clay, kaolin such as kaolinite, dickite,
nacrite, and halloysite, serpentines such as chrysotile, lizardite,
antigorite and amesite, synthetic and diatomaceous silicas,
montmorillonite minerals such as sodium montmorillonite, smectites,
such as saponite, hectorite, sauconite, and hyderite, micas, such
as pyrophyllite, talc, agalmatolite, muscovite, phengite, sericite,
and illite, silicas such as cristobalite and quartz including
attapulgite and sepiolite; vermiculite, laponite, pumice, bauxite,
hydrated aluminas, perlite, sodium bicarbonate, volclay,
vermiculites, limestone, natural and synthetic silicates, charcoal,
silicas, wet process silicas, dry process silicas, calcined
products of wet process silicas, surface-modified silicas, mica,
zeolite, diatomaceous earth, derivatives thereof; chalks
(Omya.RTM.), fuller's earth, loess, mirabilite, white carbon,
slaked lime, synthetic silicic acid, starch, modified starch
(Pineflow, available from Matsutani Chemical industry Co., Ltd.),
cellulose, plant carriers such as cellulose, chaff, wheat flour,
wood flour, starch, rice bran, wheat bran and soyabean flour,
tobacco powder, a vegetable powder polyethylene, polypropylene,
poly(vinylidene chloride), methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl
cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose, propylene glycol alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
carboxyvinyl polymer, casein sodium, sucrose, salt cake, potassium
pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, maleic acid, fumaric acid
and malic acid or derivatives and mixtures thereof. Commercially
available silicates are Aerosil brands, Sipemat brands as
Sipernat.RTM. 50S and CALFLO E, and kaolin 1777. However, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize
different solid carriers without departing from the scope of the
present invention.
[0070] According to an embodiment, the carrier is present in an
amount of 0.1% to 98% w/w of the composition. According to further
embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 80% w/w
of the composition. According to further embodiment, the carrier is
present in an amount of 0.1% to 60% w/w of the composition.
According to further embodiment, the carrier is present in an
amount of 0.1% to 40% w/w of the composition. According to further
embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w/w
of the composition.
[0071] According to an embodiment, the anti-caking agents which are
used in the agrochemical composition include, but not limited to
one or more of polysaccharides such as starch, alginic acid,
mannose, galactose; poly(vinylpyrrolidone), fumed silica (white
carbon), ester gum, a petroleum resin, Foammaster.RTM. Soap L
sodium stearate, Brij.RTM. 700 polyoxyethylene (100) stearylether,
Aerosol.RTM. OT-B sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Silwet.RTM. L-77
silicone-polyether copolymer, sodium acetate, sodium metasilicate,
sodium alkylsulfosuccinates, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, salts
or derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art will
appreciate that it is possible to utilize different anti caking
agents without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0072] According to an embodiment, the anti-caking agent is present
in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w/w of the total composition. According
to an embodiment, the anti-caking agent is present in an amount of
0.1% to 20% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the anti-caking agent is present in an amount of 0.1%
to 10% w/w of the total composition. According to an embodiment,
the anti-caking agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 5% w/w of
the total composition.
[0073] According to an embodiment, the antifoaming agents or
defoamers which are used in the agrochemical composition include,
but not limited to one or more of silica, siloxane, silicone
dioxide, polydimethyl siloxane, alkyl polyacrylates, ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide copolymers, polyethylene glycol, Silicone
oils and magnesium stearate or derivatives thereof. Preferred
antifoaming agents include silicone emulsions (such as, e.g.,
Silikon.RTM. SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil.RTM. from Rhodia), long-chain
alcohols, fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds. However, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize
other conventionally known antifoaming agents without departing
from the scope of the present invention.
[0074] According to an embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is
present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w/w of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is present in an
amount of 0.01% to 10% w/w of the total composition. According to
an embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is present in an amount of
0.01% to 5% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is present in an amount of 0.01%
to 1% w/w of the total composition.
[0075] According to an embodiment, the pH-adjusters or buffers or
neutralizing agents which are used in the agrochemical composition
include both acids and bases of the organic or inorganic type and
mixtures thereof. According to further embodiment, pH-adjusters or
buffers or neutralizing agents include, but not limited to one or
more of organic acids, inorganic acids and alkali metal compounds
or salts or derivatives thereof. According to an embodiment, the
organic acids include, but not limited to one or more of citric,
malic, adipic, fumaric, maleic, succinic, and tartaric acid or
salts or derivatives thereof; and the mono-, di-, or tribasic salts
of these acids or derivatives thereof. Alkali metal compounds
include but not limited to, one or more of hydroxides of alkali
metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, carbonates
of alkali metals such as sodium carbonate, hydrogencarbonates of
alkali metals such as sodium hydrogencarbonate and alkali metal
phosphates such as sodium phosphate and mixtures thereof. According
to an embodiment, the salts of inorganic acids include but not
limited to, one or more of alkali metal salts such as lithium
chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium nitrate,
sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate,
potassium sulfate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium
monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium
dihydrogen phosphate and the like. Mixtures can also be used to
create a pH-adjusters or buffers or neutralizing agents. However,
those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to
utilize other conventionally known pH-adjusters or buffers or
neutralizing agents without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0076] According to an embodiment, the pH-adjuster or buffer is
present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w/w of the total composition.
According to an embodiment, the pH-adjuster or buffer is present in
an amount of 0.01% to 10% w/w of the total composition. According
to an embodiment, the pH-adjuster or buffer is present in an amount
of 0.01% to 5% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the pH-adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of
0.01% to 1% w/w of the total composition.
[0077] According to an embodiment, the spreading agents which are
used in the agrochemical composition include, but not limited to
one or more of cellulose powder, dextrin, modified starch,
crosslinked poly(vinylpyrrolidone), a copolymer of maleic acid with
a styrene compound, a (meth)acrylic acid copolymer, a half ester of
a polymer consisting of polyhydric alcohol with dicarboxylic
anhydride, a water-soluble salt of polystyrenesulfonic acid, fatty
acids, latex, aliphatic alcohols, vegetable oils such as
cottonseed, or inorganic oils, petroleum distillates, modified
trisiloxanes, polyglycol, polyethers, clatharates or salts or
derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art will
appreciate that it is possible to utilize other conventionally
known spreading agents without departing from the scope of the
present invention.
[0078] According to an embodiment, the spreading agent is present
in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w/w of the total composition. According
to an embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of
0.1% to 10% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to
5% w/w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the
spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 1% w/w of the
total composition.
[0079] According to an embodiment, the sticking agents which are
used in the agrochemical composition include, but not limited to
one or more of paraffin, a polyamide resin, polyacrylate,
polyoxyethylene, wax, polyvinyl alkyl ether, alkylphenol-formalin
condensate, fatty acids, latex, aliphatic alcohols, vegetable oils
such as cottonseed, or inorganic oils, petroleum distillates,
modified trisiloxanes, polyglycol, polyethers, clatharates, a
synthetic resin emulsion or salts or derivatives thereof. However,
those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to
utilize other conventionally known sticking agents without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0080] According to an embodiment, the sticking agent is present in
an amount of 0.1% to 30% w/w of the total composition. According to
an embodiment, the sticking agent is present in an amount of 0.1%
to 20% w/w of the total composition. According to an embodiment,
the sticking agent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w/w of
the total composition.
[0081] According to an embodiment, the stabilizers which are used
in the agrochemical composition include, but not limited to one or
more of peroxide compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and organic
peroxides, alkyl nitrites such as ethyl nitrite and alkyl
glyoxylates such as ethyl glyoxylate, zeolite, antioxidants such as
phenol compounds, phosphoric acid compounds and the like;
ultraviolet absorbers such as benzophenone compounds or derivatives
thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it
is possible to utilize other conventionally known stabilizers
without departing from the scope of the present invention.
suppliers.
[0082] According to an embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an
amount of 0.1% to 30% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20%
w/w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the
stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w/w of the total
composition.
[0083] According to an embodiment, the preservatives which are used
in the agrochemical composition include, but not limited to one or
more of bactericides, anti-fungal agents, biocides, anti-microbial
agents, and antioxidant. Non limiting examples of preservatives
include one or more of paraben, its esters and salts, propionic
acid and its salts, 2,4-hexadienoic acid (sorbic acid) and its
salt, formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde, 2-hydroxybiphenyl ether
and its salts, inorganic sulfites and bisulfites, sodium iodate,
chlorobutanol, dehydraacetic acid, formic acid,
1,6-bis(4-amidino-2-bromophenoxy)-n-hexane and its salts,
5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methylhexahydropyrimidine,
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol,
2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol,
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea, 4-chloro-m-cresol,
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl
phenol, 1,1'-methylene-bis(3-(1-hydroxy
methyl-2,4-dioximidazolidin-5-yl)urea),
poly(hexamethylenediguanide) hydrochloride, 2-phenoxyethanol,
hexamethylenetetramine,
1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonia-adamantane chloride,
1(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone,
1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione, benzyl
alcohol, octopirox, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane,
2,2'-methylenebis(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), bromochlorophene,
dichlorophene, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 2-chloroacetamide,
chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine acetate, chlorhexidine gluconate,
chlorhexidine hydrochloride, 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol,
N-alkyl(C12-C22)trimethylammonium bromide and chloride,
4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine,
N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N'-h-
ydroxymethylurea, 1,6-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)-n-hexane and its salts,
glutaraldehyde, 5-ethyl-1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3.3.0)octane,
3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol, Hyamine,
alkyl(C8-C18)dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride,
alkyl(C8-C18)dimethylbenzylammonium bromide,
alkyl(C8-C18)dimethylbenzylammonium saccharinate, benzyl
hemiformal, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, sodium
hydroxymethylaminoacetate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide,
cetylpyridinium chloride, and derivatives of 2H isothiazol-3-one
(so-called isothiazolone derivatives) such as alkylisothiazolones
(for example 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, MIT;
chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one, CIT), benzoisothiazolones (for
example 1,2-benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-one, BIT, commercially available
as Proxel.RTM. types from ICI) or
2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MTIT), C1-C4-alkyl
para-hydroxybenzoate, an dichlorophene, Proxel.RTM. from ICI or
Acticide.RTM. RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon.RTM. MK from Rohm
& Haas, Bacto-100, thimerosal, Sodium Propinoate, Sodium
Benzoate, Propyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben Sodum, Potassium Sorbate,
Potassium Benzoate, Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate, Phenyl Etehyl Alcohol,
Sodium, Ethylparaben, Methylparaben, Butylparaben, Bezyla Alcohol,
Benzothonium Chloride, Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Benzalkonium
Chloride, 1,2-benzothiazol-3-one, Preventol.RTM. (Lanxess.RTM.),
Butylhydroxytoluene, potassium sorbate, iodine-containing organic
compounds such as 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethyl carbonate,
3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate, 2,3,3-triiodo allyl alcohol, and
parachlorophenyl-3-iodopropargylformal; benzimidazole compounds and
benzthiazole compounds such as 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole and
2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzo-thiazole; triazole compounds such as
1-(2-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,3
-dioxolane-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 1-(2-(2',4'-dichloro
phenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, and
.alpha.-(2-(4-chlorophenyl) ethyl)-.alpha.-(1,1-dimethyl
ethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol; and naturally occurring
compounds such as 4-isopropyl tropolone (hinokitiol) and boraxor
salts or derivatives thereof. Antioxidants includes but not limited
to one or more of imidazole and imidazole derivatives (e.g.
urocanic acid), 4,4'-thiobis-6-t-butyl-3-methylphenol,
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), and
pentaerythrityltetrakis[3-(3,5,-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)]propionate;
amine antioxidants such as N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine;
hydroquinoline antioxidants such as 2,5-di(t-amyl)hydroquinoline;
phosphorus-containing antioxidants such as triphenyl phosphate,
carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. .alpha.-carotene, .beta.-carotene,
lycopene) and derivatives thereof, lipoic acid and derivatives
thereof (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose,
propylthiouracil and further thio compounds (e.g. thioglycerol,
thiosorbitol, thioglycolic acid, thioredoxin, N-acetyl, methyl,
ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl, lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl,
.gamma.-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof), and
salts thereof, dilaurylthiodipropionate, distearylthiodipropionate,
thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers,
lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts), and sulfoximine
compounds (e.g. buthioninesulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine,
buthionine sulfones, penta-, hexa-, heptathioninesulfoximine) in
very low tolerated doses (e.g. pmol/kg to pmol/kg), .alpha.-hydroxy
acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acids,
gallic esters (e.g. propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallate), unsaturated
fatty acids and derivatives, hydroquinone and derivatives thereof
(e.g. arbutin), ubiquinone and ubiquinol, and derivatives thereof,
ascorbyl palmitate, stearate, di- palmitate, acetate, Mg ascorbyl
phosphates, diso- diumascorbyl phosphate and sulfate, potassium
ascorbyltocopheryl phosphate, isoascorbic acid and derivatives
thereof, the coniferyl benzoate of benzoin resin, rutin, rutinic
acid and derivatives thereof, disodium rutinyldisulfate,
dibutylhydroxytoluene, 4,4-thiobis-6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol,
butylhydroxy anisole, p-octylphenol, mono-(di- or tri-) methyl
benzylphenol, 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,
pentaerythritol-tetrakis
3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate,
butylhydroxyanisol, nordihydroguaiacic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic
acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and derivatives thereof,
mannose and derivatives thereof, selenium and selenium derivatives
(e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and stilbene derivatives (e.g.
stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and mixtures thereof.
However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is
possible to utilize other conventionally known preservatives
without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0084] According to an embodiment, the preservative or bactericide
or anti-fungal agent or biocide or anti-microbial agent or
antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w/w of the total
composition. According to further embodiment, the preservative or
bactericide or anti-fungal agent or biocide or anti-microbial agent
or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w/w of the
total composition. According to further embodiment, the
preservative or bactericide or anti-fungal agent or biocide or
anti-microbial agent or antioxidant is present in an amount of 0.1%
to 5% w/w of the total composition. According to further
embodiment, the preservative or bactericide or anti-fungal agent or
biocide or anti-microbial agent or antioxidant is present in an
amount of 0.1% to 1% w/w of the total composition.
[0085] According to an embodiment, the structuring agents which are
used in the liquid composition include, but not limited to one or
more of thickeners, viscosity modifiers, tackifiers, suspension
aids, rheological modifiers or anti-settling agents. A structuring
agent prevents sedimentation of the active ingredient particles
after prolonged storage.
[0086] According to an embodiment, the structuring agents which are
used in the liquid composition include, but not limited to one or
more polymers such as polyacrylics, polyacrylamides,
polysaccharides, hydrophobically modified cellulose derivatives,
co-polymers of cellulose derivatives, carboxyvinyl or polyvinyl
pyrrolidones, polyethylenes, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol
and derivatives; clays such as bentonite clays, kaolin, smectite,
attapulgites, attaclays with high surface area silica and natural
gums such as guar gum, xanthan gum, gum Arabic, gum tragacanth,
rhamsan gum, locust bean gum, carageenan, welan gum, veegum,
gelatin, collagen; polyacrylic acids and their sodium salts; the
polyglycol ethers of fatty alcohols and polyethylene oxide or
polypropylene oxide condensation products and mixtures thereof and
include ethoxylated alkyl phenols (also designated in the art as
alkylaryl polyether alcohols); ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols (or
alkyl polyether alcohols); ethoxylated fatty acids (or
polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters); ethoxylatedanhydrosorbitol
esters (or polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters), long chain
amine and cyclic amine oxides which are nonionic in basic
solutions; long chain tertiary phosphine oxides; and long chain
dialkyl sulfoxides, fumed silica, mixture of fumed silica and fumed
aluminium oxide, swellable polymers, polyamides or its derivatives;
polyols such as glycerine, poly(vinyl acetate), sodium
polyacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol), phospholipid (for example,
cephalin, and the like); stachyose, fructo-oligosaccharides,
amylose, pectins, alginates, hydrocolloids and mixtures thereof.
Also, celluloses such as hemicellulose, carboxymethylcellulose,
ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxy-methyl ethyl
cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl propyl cellulose,
methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose; starches such, starch
acetates, starch hydroxyethyl ethers, ionic starches, long-chain
alkyl starches, dextrins, maltodextrin, corn starch, amine
starches, phosphates starches, and dialdehyde starches; plant
starches such as corn starch and potato starch; other carbohydrates
such as pectin, dextrin, amylopectin, xylan, glycogen, agar,
gluten, alginic acid, phycocolloids, chitin or derivatives thereof.
However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is
possible to utilize other conventionally known structuring agents
without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0087] Preferred structuring agents include one or more of xanthan
gum, aluminum silicate, methylcellulose, polysaccharide, alkaline
earth metal silicate, gelatin, and polyvinyl alcohol.
[0088] According to an embodiment, the structuring agent is present
in an amount of 0.01% to 10% w/w of the composition. According to
an embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of
0.01% to 5% w/w of the composition. According to an embodiment, the
structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 4% w/w of the
composition. According to an embodiment, the structuring agent is
present in an amount of 0.01% to 3% w/w of the composition.
According to an embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an
amount of 0.01% to 2% w/w of the composition. According to an
embodiment, the structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01%
to 1% w/w of the composition. According to an embodiment, the
structuring agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 0.1% w/w of
the composition.
[0089] According to an embodiment, the anti-freezing agents or
freezing point depressants used in the liquid composition include,
but not limited to one or more of polyhydric alcohols such as
ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene
glycol, butyrolactone, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, glycerol, monohydric
or polyhydric alcohols, glycol ethers, glycol ethers, glycol
monoethers such as the methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl ether of
ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and
dipropylene glycol, glycol diethers such as methyl and ethyl
diethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and
dipropyleneglycol.or urea, glycerol, isopropanol, propylene glycol
monomethyl ether, di- or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether or
cyclohexanol, carbohydrates such as glucose, mannose, fructose,
galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, xylose, arabinose, sorbitol,
mannitol, trehalose, raffinose or derivatives thereof. However,
those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to
utilize different anti-freezing agents without departing from the
scope of the present invention.
[0090] According to an embodiment, the chelating or complexing or
sequestering agents which are used in the liquid composition
include, but not limited to one or more of polycarboxylic acids
such as polyacrylic acid and the various hydrolyzed poly(methyl
vinyl ether/maleic anhydride); N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid,
nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), N,N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N, N',N'-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid and
N,N,N',N'',N''-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; .alpha.-hydroxy
acids, such as citric acid, tartaric acid and gluconic acid;
orthophosphates, such as trisodium phosphate, disodium phosphate,
monosodium phosphate; condensed phosphates, such as sodium
tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium
hexametaphosphate and sodium tetrapolyphosphate;
5-sulfo-8-hydroxyquinoline; and 3,5-disulfopyrocatechol,
polycarboxylates, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA),
diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA),
N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine-triacetic acid (HEDTA),
ethylenediaminediacetate (EDDA),
ethylenediaminedi(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDHA), cyclohexane
diamine tetraacetic acid (CDTA), polyethyleneaminepolyacetic acids,
lignosulfonate, Ca-, K-, Na-, and ammonium lignosulfonates, fulvic
acid, ulmic acid, nucleic acids, cyclodextrin, humic acid,
pyrophosphate. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate
that it is possible to utilize other chelating or complexing or
sesquitering agents without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0091] According to an embodiment, the penetrants which are used in
the liquid composition include, but not limited to one or more of
alcohol, glycol, glycol ether, ester, amine, alkanolamine, amine
oxide, quaternary ammonium compound, triglyceride, fatty acid
ester, fatty acid ether, N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide,
dimethylacetamide, or dimethyl sulfoxide, polyoxyethylene
trimethylolpropanemonooleate, polyoxyethylene
trimethylolpropanedioleate,
polyoxyethylenetrimethylolpropanetrioleate,
polyoxyethylenesorbitanmonooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol
hexaoleate. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that
it is possible to utilize different penetrants without departing
from the scope of the present invention.
[0092] According to an embodiment, the ultraviolet absorbent which
are used in the agrochemical composition include, but not limited
to one or more of 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole,
2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxazalic acid bisanilide, succinic acid
dimethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
polycondensate, benzotriazole compounds such as
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole and
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-n-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole; benzophenone
compounds such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and
2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; salicylic acid compounds such as
phenyl salicylate and p-t-butylphenyl salicylate; 2-ethylhexyl
2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl oxalic bisanilide,
and dimethyl
succinate-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperi-
dine polycondensate or derivatives or the like. However, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize
different ultraviolet absorbents, without departing from the scope
of the present invention.
[0093] According to an embodiment, the UV ray scattering agents
which are used in the agrochemical composition include, but not
limited to titanium dioxide or the like may be used. However, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize
different UV ray scattering agents or mixtures thereof without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0094] According to an embodiment, the humectants which are used in
the agrochemical composition include, but not limited to one or
more of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymers, particularly
block copolymers, such as the Synperonic PE series of copolymers
available from Uniqema or salts, derivatives thereof. Other
humectants are propylene glycol, monoethylene glycol, hexylene
glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, poly
(ethylene glycol), poly (propylene glycol), glycerol and the like;
polyhydric alcohol compounds such as propylene glycol ether,
derivatives thereof. Also other humectants include aloe vera gel,
alpha hydroxyl acids such as lactic acid, glyceryl triacetate,
honey, lithium chloride, etc. The non-ionic surfactants mentioned
above also act as humectants. However, those skilled in the art
will appreciate that it is possible to utilize other conventionally
known humectants without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0095] According to an embodiment, the humectant is present in the
range of 0.1% to 90% w/w of the total composition. According to an
embodiment, the humectant is present in the range of 0.1% to 70%
w/w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the
humectant is present in the range of 0.1% to 60% w/w of the total
composition. According to an embodiment, the humectant is present
in the range of 0.1% to 50% w/w of the total composition. According
to an embodiment, the humectant is present in the range of 0.1% to
30% w/w of the total composition. According to an embodiment, the
humectant is present in the range of 0.1% to 10% w/w of the total
composition.
[0096] According to an embodiment, the organic fluids which are
used in agrochemical composition include, but not limited to one or
more of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated
aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic and non-aromatic
ethers, esters or amides and oils. According to further embodiment
the oils include but not limited to, one or more of a mineral oil,
petroleum oil, vegetable oil or animal oil or derivatives or
mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate
that it is possible to utilize other oils without departing from
the scope of the present invention.
[0097] According to an embodiment, the mineral oil or petroleum oil
include, but not limited to one or more of aliphatic or
isoparaffinic series and mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic
hydrocarbons; halogenated aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Paraffinic oil includes, but not limited to one or more of linear
or branched C8 to C30 paraffins for example such as octane, nonane,
decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane,
hexadecane or their mixtures and mixtures thereof with higher
boiling homologs, such as hepta-, octa-, nona-decane, eicosane,
heneicosane, docosane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, and the
branched chain isomers thereof, unsubstituted or substituted
aromatic or cycloaliphatic C7 to C18 hydrocarbon compounds such as
mono- or polyalkyl-substituted benzenes, or mono- or
polyalkyl-substituted naphthalenes, or transesterification products
thereof, liquid esters of C1 to C12 alcohols such as butanol,
n-octanol, i-octanol, dodecanoi, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol,
cyclooctanol, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol with C2 to C12
carboxylic or polycarboxylic acids, such as caproic acid, capric
acid, caprylic acid, peiargonic acid, succinic acid and glutaric
acid; or with aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid,
toluic acid, salicylic acid and phthalic acid, liquid amides of C1
to C5 amines, alkylamines or alkanolamines with C6 to C18
carboxylic acids, or derivatives thereof. Esters which are used in
the oil dispersions of the invention include, but not limited to
one or more of benzyl acetate, caproic acid ethyl ester, peiargonic
acid ethyl ester, benzoic acid methyl or ethyl ester, salicylic
acid methyl, propyl, or butyl ester, diesters of phthalic acid with
saturated aliphatic or alicyclic C1 to C12 alcohols, such as
phthalic acid dimethyl ester, dibutyl ester, diisooctyt ester, or
liquid amides of C1-C3 amines, alkylamines or alkanolamines with
C6-C18 carboxylic acids or derivatives and mixtures thereof.
However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is
possible to utilize other mineral or petroleum oils without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0098] According to an embodiment, the vegetable oils include, but
not limited to one or more of seed oil. The vegetable oils include
but not limited to, one or more of soy bean oil, rape seed oil,
olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil,
cotton seed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil,
sesame oil, kapok oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, rice bran oil,
tung oil and the like; and esters of the above vegetable oils, or
transesterification products thereof such as soy bean oil methyl
esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, butyl esters or derivatives
thereof. The animal oils include, but not limited to one or more of
whale oil, cod-liver oil, or mink oil.
[0099] However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is
possible to utilize other vegetable or animal oils without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0100] The inventors have further determined that the composition
of the present invention has excellent physical properties of
dispersibility, suspensibility, flowability, disintegration,
wetting time, viscosity, stability, pourability, provides ease of
handling and also reduces the loss of material while handling the
product at the time of packaging as well as during field
application.
[0101] Dispersibility of the water dispersible, micro granular
agrochemical composition is a measure of percent dispersion.
Dispersibility is calculated by the minimum percent dispersion.
Dispersibility is defined as the ability of the granules to
disperse upon addition to a liquid such as water or a solvent. To
determine dispersibility of the granular composition as per the
standard CIPAC test, MT 174, a known amount of the granular
composition was added to a defined volume of water and mixed by
stirring to form a suspension. After standing for a short period,
the top nine-tenths are drawn off and the remaining tenth dried and
determined gravimetrically. The method is virtually a shortened
test of suspensibility and is appropriate for establishing the ease
with which the granular composition dispersed uniformly in
water.
[0102] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition in
the form of solid especially water dispersible granules and micro
granules exhibits almost instantaneous dispersion thus making the
actives readily available to the crops.
[0103] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has
a dispersibility of at least 30%. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a dispersibility of at least 40%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a
dispersibility of at least 50%. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a dispersibility of at least 60%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a
dispersibility of at least 70%.
[0104] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has
a dispersibility of at least 80%. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a dispersibility of at least 90%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a
dispersibility of at least 99%. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a dispersibility of 100%.
[0105] Disintegration is defined as the complete breakdown
exhibited by the granules on coming in contact with soil moisture
or water. The Samples can be tested for disintegration time as per
the CIPAC Handbook, "MT 197 for Disintegration of tablets". To
carry out the test one entire water disintegrable granule is added
to a defined volume of CIPAC standard water and mixed by gentle
stirring for the specified disintegration time of the tablet. The
suspension is then passed through a 2000 .mu.m sieve. The absence
of a residue on the screen indicates complete disintegration of the
tablet.
[0106] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition in
the form of water disintegrable granules or broadcast granules
exhibits superior properties of disintegration. According to an
embodiment, the disintegration time exhibited by the agrochemical
composition is at least 120 minutes. According to an embodiment,
the disintegration time exhibited by the agrochemical composition
is at least 90 minutes. According to an embodiment, the
disintegration time exhibited by the agrochemical composition is at
least 70 minutes. According to an embodiment, the disintegration
time exhibited by the agrochemical composition is at least 50
minutes. According to an embodiment, the disintegration time
exhibited by the agrochemical composition is at least 30 minutes.
According to an embodiment, the disintegration time exhibited by
the agrochemical composition is at least 20 minutes. According to
an embodiment, the disintegration time exhibited by the
agrochemical composition is at least 10 minutes. According to an
embodiment, the disintegration time exhibited by the agrochemical
composition is at least 5 minutes. It is possible that the
agrochemical composition of the present invention can be formulated
in a manner such that it readily disintegrates and can even
disintegrate in less than 5 minutes. The disintegration time is
estimated by disintegration testing equipments such as the ones
provided by Electrolab Edutec, Arentek and Shimadzu.
[0107] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
exhibits good suspensibility. Suspensibility is defined as the
amount of active ingredient suspended after a given time in a
column of liquid, of stated height, expressed as a percentage of
the amount of active ingredient in the original suspension. The
water dispersible granules can be tested for suspensibility as per
the CIPAC Handbook, "MT 184 Test for Suspensibility" whereby a
suspension of known concentration of the composition in CIPAC
Standard Water was prepared and placed in a prescribed measuring
cylinder at a constant temperature, and allowed to remain
undisturbed for a specified time. The top 9/10ths were drawn off
and the remaining 1/10th was then assayed chemically,
gravimetrically, or by solvent extraction, and the suspensibility
was calculated.
[0108] The suspensibility of the liquid suspension is the amount of
active ingredient suspended after a given time in a column of
liquid, of stated height, expressed as a percentage of the amount
of active ingredient in the original suspension. The suspensibility
of liquid suspension concentrate is determined as per CIPAC MT-161
by preparing 250 ml of diluted suspension, allowing it to stand in
a measuring cylinder under defined conditions, and removing the top
nine-tenths. The remaining tenth is then assayed chemically,
gravimetrically or by solvent extraction, and the suspensibility is
calculated.
[0109] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has
a suspensibility of at least 30%. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition of at least 40%. According to an
embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a suspensibility of at
least 50%. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
has a suspensibility of at least 60%. According to an embodiment,
the agrochemical composition has a suspensibility of at least 70%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a
suspensibility of at least 80%.
[0110] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has
a suspensibility of at least 90%. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a suspensibility of at least 99%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a
suspensibility of 100%.
[0111] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
demonstrates superior stability towards heat, light, temperature
and caking. The composition does not form a hard cake and exhibits
enhanced stability even at extended storage under higher
temperatures which in turn results in superior field performance.
According to further embodiment, the stability exhibited by the
agrochemical composition is at least 3 years. According to further
embodiment, the stability exhibited by the agrochemical composition
is at least 2 years. According to further embodiment, the stability
exhibited by the agrochemical composition is at least 1 year.
According to further embodiment, the stability exhibited by the
agrochemical composition is at least 6 months.
[0112] Wettability is the condition or the state of being wettable
and can be defined as the degree to which a solid is wetted by a
liquid, measured by the force of adhesion between the solid and
liquid phases. The wettability of the granular composition is
measured using the Standard CIPAC Test MT-53 which describes a
procedure for the determination of the time of complete wetting of
wettable formulations. A weighed amount of the granular composition
is dropped on water in a beaker from a specified height and the
time for complete wetting was determined. According to another
embodiment, the agrochemical composition in the form of water
dispersible granules, micro granules and broadcast granules has
wettability of less than 2 minutes. According to another
embodiment, the agrochemical composition in the form of water
dispersible granules, micro granules and broadcast granules has
wettability of less than 1 minute. According to another embodiment,
the agrochemical composition in the form of water dispersible
granules, micro granules and broadcast granules has wettability of
less than 30 seconds.
[0113] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
passes the wet sieve retention test. The test is used to determine
the amount of non-dispersible material in formulations that are
applied as dispersions in water. The wet sieve retention value of
the agrochemical composition in the form of liquid suspension and
water dispersible granules is measured by using the Standard CIPAC
Test MT-185 which describes a procedure for the measuring the
amount of material retained on the sieve. A sample of the
formulation is dispersed in water and the suspension formed is
transferred to a sieve and washed. The amount of the material
retained on the sieve is determined by drying and weighing.
[0114] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has
a wet sieve retention value on a 75 micron sieve of less than 10%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a wet
sieve retention value on a 75 micron sieve of less than 7%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a wet
sieve retention value on a 75 micron sieve of less than 5%.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has a wet
sieve retention value on a 75 micron sieve of less than 2%.
[0115] According to an embodiment, viscosity of the liquid
composition is determined as per CIPAC MT-192. A sample is
transferred to a standard measuring system. The measurement is
carried out under different shear conditions and the apparent
viscosities are determined. During the test, the temperature of the
liquid is kept constant. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about
10 cps to about 3000 cps. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about
10 cps to about 2500 cps. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about
10 cps to about 2000 cps. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about
10 cps to about 1500 cps. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about
10 cps to about 1200 cps. According to an embodiment, the
agrochemical composition has viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about 10
cps to about 500 cps. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
composition has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about less than 500
cps. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has
viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about 10 cps to about 400 cps.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition has
viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about 10 cps to about 300 cps.
[0116] According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
demonstrates superior stability in terms of suspensibility under
accelerated storage condition (ATS). According to an embodiment,
the agrochemical composition demonstrates suspensibility of more
than 90% under ATS. According to an embodiment, the agrochemical
composition demonstrates suspensibility of more than 80% under ATS.
According to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition
demonstrates suspensibility of more than 70% under ATS. According
to an embodiment, the agrochemical composition demonstrates
suspensibility of more than 60% under ATS. According to an
embodiment, the agrochemical composition demonstrates
suspensibility of more than 50% under ATS. According to an
embodiment, the agrochemical composition demonstrates
suspensibility of more than 40% under ATS. According to an
embodiment, the agrochemical composition demonstrates
suspensibility of more than 30% under ATS.
[0117] According to an embodiment, the invention relates to a
process for preparing the agrochemical composition comprising a
complex formed with at least one of elemental zinc or its salt or
derivative thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source thereof;
and at least one agrochemical excipient.
[0118] According to an embodiment, the process for preparing the
agrochemical composition further includes at least one of nutrient,
biostimulants, pesticidal actives, plant growth regulators,
microbes, algae, bacteriospores, fertilizers or salts or complexes
or derivatives or mixtures thereof.
[0119] According to further embodiment, the complex formed with at
least one of elemental zinc or its salt or derivative thereof and
at least one of eugenol or a source thereof; as per the invention
may be prepared as outlined below. Briefly one of the complex
formation technique; wherein zinc is in the form of zinc oxide
involves reacting one mole of zinc oxide to 2 moles of eugenol in
presence of one or more of accelerator or plasticizer such as zinc
stearate, zinc acetate; wherein the ratio of zinc oxide to eugenol
is 19:79. Alternatively, the process may be varied by keeping the
ratio of zinc oxide to eugenol is 44:55. However, those skilled in
the art will appreciate that it is possible to utilize other
techniques without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0120] According to further embodiment, the invention relates to a
process for preparing the agrochemical composition, wherein the
composition is in the form of suspoemulsion, emulsion in water, oil
dispersion or suspension, water dispersible granules, broadcast
granules, water disintegrable granules, micro granules, liquid
suspension, aqueous suspension, suspension concentrate, wettable
powder, emulsifiable concentrate and seed dressing or emulsions for
seed treatment and combinations thereof.
[0121] The agrochemical composition of the present invention is
made by various means depending on the nature of the formulation to
which the present invention relates.
[0122] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
process for preparing the solid agrochemical composition in the
form of water dispersible granules, broadcast granules, water
disintegrable granules, micro granules, wettable powder.
[0123] According to another embodiment, the agrochemical
composition in the form of water dispersible granules, broadcast
granules, water disintegrable granules, micro granules is made by
various techniques such as spray drying, fluidized bed granulation,
pan granulation, extrusion, freeze drying etc.
[0124] According to an embodiment, the process of preparing a water
dispersible granular or micro granular composition involves milling
a blend of a complex formed with at least one of elemental zinc or
its salt or derivative thereof and at least one of eugenol or a
source thereof; with at least one agrochemical excipient to obtain
slurry or a wet mix. The wet mix obtained is then dried, for
instance in a spray dryer, fluid bed dryer or any suitable
granulating equipment, followed by sieving to remove the undersized
and oversized granules to obtain water dispersible granules or
microgranules of the desired size if required. However, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to modify or
alter or change the process or process parameters to obtain water
dispersible granular or micro granular composition without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0125] According to another embodiment, the agrochemical
composition in the form of water dispersible granules or micro
granules is also made by dry milling a complex formed with at least
one of elemental zinc or its salt or derivative thereof and at
least one of eugenol or a source thereof; and at least one
agrochemical excipient in an air mill or a jet mill to obtain the
desired particle size in the range of 0.1 to 50 microns. Water is
added to the dry powder and the mixture is blended to obtain a
dough or paste, which is then extruded through an extruder to
obtain the granules of desired size. The granules can also be
formed with low melt extrusion. However, those skilled in the art
will appreciate that it is possible to modify or alter or change
the process or process parameters to obtain water dispersible
granular or micro granular composition without departing from the
scope of the present invention.
[0126] According to an embodiment, the process of preparing a
wettable powder composition involves milling a blend of a complex
formed with at least one of elemental zinc or its salt or
derivative thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source thereof;
with at least one agrochemical excipient to obtain wettable powder
composition with desired particle size. Further, broadcast
granules, water disintegrable granules can be made by various
processes such as pelletization, compaction, agglomeration or other
techniques known in the art. However, those skilled in the art will
appreciate that it is possible to modify or alter or change the
process or process parameters to obtain wettable powder, broadcast
granular, water disintegrable granular composition without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0127] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
process for preparing the liquid agrochemical composition in the
form of suspoemulsion, emulsion in water, oil dispersion or
suspension, liquid suspension, aqueous suspension, suspension
concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate and seed dressing or
emulsions for seed treatment and combinations thereof.
[0128] According to an embodiment, the process of preparing the
liquid suspension, aqueous suspension, suspension concentrate
involves homogenization of one or more of excipients by feeding
them into a vessel provided with stirring facilities. The complex
formed with at least one of elemental zinc or its salt or
derivative thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source thereof;
are added to the homogenized blend and stirred continuously for
about 5 to 10 minutes until the total mixture becomes homogeneous.
Subsequently, the suspension obtained is passed through the wet
mill to obtain a desired particle size in the range of 0.1 to 50
microns. Then, requisite quantity of the structuring agent is added
to the obtained suspension, under continuous homogenization.
However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that it is
possible to modify or alter or change the process or process
parameters to obtain liquid suspension, aqueous suspension,
suspension concentrate composition without departing from the scope
of the present invention.
[0129] The liquid suspension, aqueous suspension, suspension
concentrate composition can be further mixed with aqueous emulsion
containing at least one fertilizer, nutrients, pesticidal actives,
biostimulants, plant growth regulators, algae, microbes,
bacteriospores, salts, derivatives, complexes or mixtures thereof
in presence of at least one agrochemical excipient; to obtain
suspoemulsion composition of desired size. However, those skilled
in the art will appreciate that it is possible to modify or alter
or change the process or process parameters to obtain suspoemulsion
composition without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0130] According to an embodiment, the gel composition of the
present invention is prepared by adding more amounts of viscosity
modifiers to the suspension concentrate composition. However, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that it is possible to modify or
alter or change the process or process parameters to obtain gel
composition without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0131] According to an embodiment, the invention further relates to
the process of preparation of the agrochemical composition in the
form of oil dispersion. The process involves mixing an oil, a
complex formed with at least one of elemental zinc or its salt or
derivative thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source thereof;
one or more of emulsifier or surfactant and optionally one or more
other agrochemical excipients such as rheology modifiers under high
shear, thereby grinding the sample to desired particle size to
obtain the oil dispersion composition. However, those skilled in
the art will appreciate that it is possible to modify or alter or
change the process or process parameters to obtain oil dispersion
composition without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0132] According to an embodiment, the composition of the present
invention is at least one of a pesticide composition, a nutrient
composition, a crop strengthener composition, a crop protection, a
yield enhancer composition, a fungicide composition, a bactericide
composition and a fertilizer composition.
[0133] According to an embodiment, the invention further relates to
a method of protecting the crop, improving the crop health and
growth, enhancing the crop yield, strengthening the plant,
increasing crop defense, protecting crops from biotic and abiotic
stresses or conditioning the soil; the method comprising treating
at least one of seeds, seedling, crops, a plant, plant propagation
material, locus, parts thereof or to the surrounding soil with
effective amount of the agrochemical composition which includes a
complex formed with at least one of elemental zinc or its salt or
derivative thereof and at least one of eugenol or a source thereof;
with at least one agrochemical excipient.
[0134] The composition is applied through a variety of methods.
Methods of applying to the soil include any suitable method, which
ensures that the composition penetrates the soil, for example
nursery tray application, in furrow application, soil drenching,
soil injection, drip irrigation, sprinker irrigation, seed
treatment, seed painting and such other methods. The composition
also is applied in the form of a foliar spray.
[0135] The rates of application or the dosage of the composition
depends on the type of use, the type of crops, or the specific
active ingredients in the composition but is such that the
agrochemical active ingredient, in an effective amount to provide
the desired action.
[0136] According to an embodiment, the composition of the present
invention is effective in controlling growth of plant pathogens
such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protists, virus as well as
pests such as insects, acarids, and the like.
A. PREPARATION EXAMPLES
[0137] The following examples illustrate the basic methodology and
versatility of the composition of the invention. Sources of zinc,
eugenol are exemplified in the preparatory examples and can be
replaced by any other sources of zinc, eugenol. It should be noted
that this invention is not limited to these exemplifications and
can be extrapolated to overall claimed concentration range of the
components.
[0138] A. Solid Agrochemical composition of a complex containing
zinc and eugenol.
[0139] Example 1: Water dispersible granular composition comprising
40% complex formed using zinc oxide and eugenol: Water dispersible
granular composition was prepared by blending 40 parts of a
complex, 30 parts of naphthalene sulphonate condensate, 20 parts of
sodium lingo sulfonate, 10 parts of kaolin to obtain a blend. The
blend obtained was milled to get a powder of less than 50 microns
particle size. The powder was mixed with water in a suitable mixing
equipment to form a slurry or wet mix.
[0140] The slurry obtained was wet ground in suitable wet grinding
equipment. The wet milled slurry obtained was spray dried at an
inlet temperature less than 140.degree. C. and outlet temperature
less than 90.degree. C. to get a granular powder. The composition
had the following particle size distribution: D10 less than 2.5
microns; D50 less than 6.5 microns and D90 less than 18.1 microns.
The granule size of the composition was in the range of 0.1-2.5 mm.
The composition had a dispersibility of 70%, suspensibility of 75%,
wet sieve retention value of 1.5%, wettability of less than 28 sec.
The composition further demonstrated suspensibility of about 69%
under accelerated storage condition.
[0141] Example 2: Micro Granular composition comprising 80% complex
formed using zinc oxide and clove oil: This composition was
prepared similar to Example 1 using 80 parts of complex, 11 parts
of naphthalene sulfonic acid, 6 parts of starch and 3 parts of
silica. The composition had the following particle size
distribution: D10 less than 1.8 micron; D50 less than 5.2 microns
and D90 less than 16.5 microns. The granule size of the composition
was in the range of 0.1-1.5 mm. The composition had a
dispersibility of 96%, suspensibility of 91%, wet sieve retention
value of 0.3% and wettability of less than 40 sec. The composition
further demonstrated suspensibility of about 85% under accelerated
storage condition.
[0142] Example 3: Broadcast Granular composition of 65% complex
formed using zinc carbonate and combination of clove, cinnamon oil:
This composition was prepared using 65 parts of complex, 12 parts
of sodium naphthalene formaldehyde condensate, 10 parts of kaolin,
13 parts of cross linked carboxymethyl cellulose. The composition
had the following particle size distribution: D10 less than 3.5
microns; D50 less than 6.8 microns and D90 less than 20 microns.
The granule size of the composition was in the range of 0.1-5 mm.
The composition had a disintegration time of 10 minutes,
wettability of less than 45 sec.
[0143] B. Liquid Agrochemical composition of a complex containing
zinc and eugenol.
[0144] Example 4: Liquid Suspension composition of 50% complex
formed using zinc oxide and eugenol: Liquid suspension composition
was prepared by mixing 50 parts of complex, 6 parts of naphthalene
sulfonate condensate, 5 parts of propylene glycol, 37 parts of
water and homogenised by feeding them into a vessel provided with
stirring facilities until the total mixture was homogeneous.
Subsequently, the suspension obtained was passed through the wet
mill to obtain a suspension with a particle size of 0.1 to 50
microns. Then, 2 part of gum arabic (3%) was added under continuous
homogenization to obtain the suspension concentrate. The
composition had the particle size distribution of about D10 less
than 2 microns; D50 less than 3.8 microns and D90 less than 8.5
microns. The sample had suspensibility of about 80%, viscosity of
about 850 cps. The composition had suspensibility of about 75%
under accelerated storage condition.
[0145] Example 5: Liquid Suspension composition of 25% complex
formed using elemental zinc and clove oil: This composition was
prepared similar to Example 6 using 25 parts of complex, 16 parts
of naphthalene sulphonate condensate, 5 parts of glycerol
monolaurate, 14 parts of polyethylene glycol, 4 parts of 3%
solution of gum Arabic and 36 parts of water. The composition had
the particle size distribution of about D10 less than 3.0 microns;
D50 less than 4.8 microns and D90 less than 10 microns. The sample
had suspensibility of about 96%, viscosity of about 480 cps. The
composition had suspensibility of about 92% under accelerated
storage condition.
[0146] Example 6: Suspoemulsion composition of 40% complex formed
using zinc carbonate and combination of clove oil, pepper oil: The
liquid suspension composition was prepared using 40 parts of
complex, 4 parts of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, 2 parts of
sodium salt of polycarboxylic acid, 2 parts of perlite and 30 parts
of water. The said composition was blended with emulsifiable
concentrate composition prepared by using 15% pyraclostrobin in 7%
petroleum solvent to obtain suspoemulsion formulation. The
composition had the following particle size distribution: D10 less
than 2.0 microns; D50 less than 5 microns and D90 less than 12
microns. The sample had suspensibility of about 91%, viscosity of
about 600 cps. The composition had suspensibility of about 86%
under accelerated storage condition.
[0147] Example 7: Oil Dispersion composition of 10% complex made
using zinc oxide and eugenol: The oil dispersion composition was
obtained by heating 82 parts of methyl Soyate, 1% silica at
80.degree.-85.degree. C. The resultant mixture was cooled, blended
with 10 parts of complex, 6 parts of EO/PO Block Co-Polymer and
homogenised by feeding them into a vessel provided with stirring
facilities until the total mixture was homogeneous. Subsequently,
the suspension obtained was passed twice through the wet mill.
Then, 1 part of silica was added under continuous homogenization to
obtain an oil dispersion composition with particle size less than
35 microns. The sample had suspensibility of about 76%, viscosity
of about 800 cps. The composition had suspensibility of about 71%
under accelerated storage condition.
Field Study
[0148] To study effect of agrochemical composition of a complex
according to an embodiment of the present invention:
[0149] Experiment No. 1: Lab Trial (in-vivo anti-fungal test) was
conducted for the evaluation of an efficacy of the composition of
the present invention on strains of various fungal pathogens such
as Rhizoctonia spps. causing root rot disease, Fusarium oxysporum
causing wilt disease, Aspergillus niger causing collar rot disease,
Colletorichium spps causing anthracnose disease, Sclerotium rolfsii
causing stem rot disease at different concentrations of the
composition.
[0150] The treatments (T1 and T2) with the compositions of the
present invention as mentioned below were screened by the "Agar
Plate Assay method" at concentrations of 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and
5000 ppm respectively against the fungi pathogens as mentioned
above. The observations on average colony diameter of fungal
pathogen were recorded and presented in Table 1 in form of %
inhibition of the mycelial growth.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Evaluation of the composition of present
embodiment against pathogenic fungi in vitro. Concentrations of %
Inhibition of mycelial growth of different pathogenic fungi active
ingredient Rhizoctonia Fusarium Aspergillus Colletorichium
Sclerotium (a.i.) solani oxysporum niger spps rolfsii T1 1000 ppm
60.7 77.0 30.3 52.7 68.3 2000 ppm 100.0 100.0 87.3 95.7 100.0 5000
ppm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 T2 1000 ppm 53.7 44.0 51.3 80.3
56.7 2000 ppm 100.0 87.3 92.0 100.0 100.0 5000 ppm 100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 T1: 25% SC composition of complex as per the
embodiment of the present invention; T2: 40% WDG composition of
complex as per the embodiment of the present invention;
[0151] It was noted that treatments T1 and T2 according to an
embodiment of the present invention appear as effective treatments
to control the pathogen Rhizoctonia spps.
[0152] It can be seen from Table 1 that the % growth control with
T1 and T2 according to an embodiment of the present invention at an
active ingredient concentration of 1000 ppm was about 60.7% and
53.7% respectively whereas at a concentration of 2000 ppm, 5000
ppm, it was about 100% for both the treatments. Thus, the
composition of the complex in the form of water dispersible
granules and suspension concentrate illustrates excellent effect
against tested fungus at a dosage of 2000 ppm and 5000 ppm.
Further, it was observed that the compositions of the present
invention T1, T2 show incremental efficacy when tested from 1000 to
5000 ppm of the active ingredient complex.
[0153] Similarly, as can be seen from the Table 1, the composition
of the present invention was found to be efficacious in controlling
the other tested fungus.
[0154] Experiment No. 2: To assess the effect of composition of
complex of the present invention against Citrus Canker disease (a
bacterial disease) on Lemon.
[0155] Evaluation of efficacy of agrochemical composition of the
present invention in the form of water dispersible granules as well
as suspension concentrate against Citrus Canker disease in Lemon
was done at Akola in Maharashtra
[0156] Field Experiment Methodology:
[0157] The trial was laid out during kharif season in Randomized
Block Design (RBD) for treatments as described below including
untreated control, replicated three times.
[0158] Example-1: 25% SC composition of Complex as per the
embodiment of the present invention;
[0159] Example-2: 40% WDG composition of Complex as per the
embodiment of the present invention
[0160] For each treatment, three plants were tagged and replicated
thrice. The treatments as per treatment details mentioned below
were applied as foliar spray twice at the interval of 15 days
between two sprays. First spray was started immediately after
occurrence of initial disease symptoms on plant leaves and fruits.
Twenty infected leaves and fruit selected randomly were tagged and
labeled just before application of treatment in each
plot/plants.
Details of Experiment
TABLE-US-00002 [0161] a) Trial Location: Akola (Maharashtra) b)
Crop: Citrus c) Experiment season: Rabi 2018-19 (July to October)
d) Trial Design: Randomized Block Design e) Replications: Three f)
Treatment: Seven g) No of plant/treat.: Three h) Date of
Applications: 1.sup.st = 29 Jul 2018; 2.sup.nd = 14 Aug. 2018 j)
Method of application: Foliar spray using 5 L water per plant
[0162] The progress of the disease on both leaves and fruits was
recorded 20 days after 2nd spray using 0-5 rating scale and
calculated percent disease control over untreated plot is presented
in Table 2. The fruit yield data was also recorded from each
picking and total yield from each plot was presented in Table 2.
The percent disease control was calculated using following
formula.
Disease Control (%)=[Plant mortality in control plant-Plant
mortality in treated plant)/Plant Mortality in control
plant].times.100
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Effect of composition of complex of the
present invention against citrus canker disease on Lemon.
Marketable Dose % Disease control Fruit yield Treatments (g.a.i./L
water) Leaves Fruits (kg/plant) T1-Example-1 0.5 22.3 17.8 18.3
T2-Example-1 1.0 55.7 35.3 19.8 T3-Example-1 2.0 80.4 63.1 22.1
T4-Example-2 0.5 31.5 21.9 17.9 T5-Example-2 1.0 49.6 44.3 20.1
T6-Example-2 2.0 88.3 69.4 22.3 T7-Untreated -- 0.0 0.0 15.3
check
[0163] From the data represented in Table 2, it was observed that
treatment T3, according to an embodiment of the present invention
shows 80.4% and 63.1% disease control in leaves and fruits
respectively when compared with untreated control. Similarly,
treatment T6 according to an embodiment of the present invention
shows 88.3% and 69.4% diseases control in leaves and fruits
respectively when compared with untreated control, thus
illustrating the highly efficacious nature of the compositions of
the present invention in terms of controlling bacterial
disease.
[0164] The % disease control was superior at a dosage of 2 grams of
active ingredient per liter of water (as can be seen from T3 and
T6), followed by % disease control at a dosage of 1 gram of active
ingredient per liter of water (as can be seen from T2 and T5).
[0165] Further, it was also noticed that the compositions of the
present invention at different concentrations in the form of water
dispersible granules and suspension concentrates depict
significantly higher yields as compared to the untreated control in
lemon crop. For instance, T1-T6 as per the embodiment of the
present invention depicted fruit yield in range of about 17.9
kg/plant to 22.3 kg/plant whereas with treatment T7 (untreated) the
fruit yield was 15.3 kg/plant.
[0166] Thus, it has been observed that the compositions of the
present invention, demonstrate enhanced, efficacious and superior
results in the fields.
[0167] Further, it was observed that addition of other nutrients,
pesticides, bio stimulants, plant growth regulators, microbes,
algae, bactereospores, fertilizer to the composition of the present
invention, apart from improving pesticidal activity may further
enhance crop characteristics, crop yield and add to nutritional
value of the crop.
[0168] The present invention can also be used to improve crop
qualities such as good plant growth, biotic and abiotic stress
management, support in nutrient uptake by plant, manage the root
and shoot growth, increase branching, flowering, prevent flower and
fruit shedding etc. and other advantages familiar to a person
skilled in the art. It was thus noted that the composition of the
present invention helps to improve not only quantitative
characteristic of the crop such as yield but also the qualitative
parameters such as number of tillers, panicle length etc. as
compared to untreated control.
[0169] Also, the compositions of the present invention are suitable
for drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation in addition to other
methods of applications of the agricultural compositions. The
composition is highly safe to the user and to the environment.
[0170] From the foregoing, it will be observed that numerous
modifications and variations can be effectuated without departing
from the true spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present
invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect
to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or should be
inferred
* * * * *