U.S. patent application number 17/121749 was filed with the patent office on 2021-04-29 for apparatus and method to reduce muzzle rise in a firearm.
The applicant listed for this patent is Vincent Tactical LLC. Invention is credited to Kyle J. Berean.
Application Number | 20210123699 17/121749 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005316150 |
Filed Date | 2021-04-29 |
![](/patent/app/20210123699/US20210123699A1-20210429\US20210123699A1-2021042)
United States Patent
Application |
20210123699 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Berean; Kyle J. |
April 29, 2021 |
APPARATUS AND METHOD TO REDUCE MUZZLE RISE IN A FIREARM
Abstract
A firearm having reduced muzzle rise is disclosed. The firearm
includes a barrel having a breech end, an opposing muzzle end, and
a bore defining a barrel centerline which, when extended in a
longitudinal direction, defines a barrel axis. The firearm further
includes a magazine tube disposed above the barrel, a receiver
defining a lower opening to receive the barrel, and an upper
opening to receive the magazine tube. The firearm further includes
a stock defining a body support surface where the stock braces
against a user's body. The barrel axis passes through the body
support surface of the stock.
Inventors: |
Berean; Kyle J.;
(Chittenango, NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Vincent Tactical LLC |
Chittenango |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005316150 |
Appl. No.: |
17/121749 |
Filed: |
December 14, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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16114209 |
Aug 27, 2018 |
10866052 |
|
|
17121749 |
|
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|
62550579 |
Aug 26, 2017 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A 21/36 20130101;
F41C 27/22 20130101; F41C 7/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F41A 21/36 20060101
F41A021/36; F41C 27/22 20060101 F41C027/22 |
Claims
1. A firearm having reduced muzzle rise, comprising: a barrel
having a breech end, an opposing muzzle end, and a bore defining a
barrel centerline which, when extended in a longitudinal direction,
defines a barrel axis; a stock defining a body support surface
where the stock braces against a user's body; a receiver
operatively coupled to the stock and the barrel, the receiver
defining a lower opening aligned with the barrel axis to receive
the barrel, the receiver configured to at least partially house a
shell pusher assembly for use in guiding a new round downwards into
the barrel; a fore stock configured to provide a grip area for a
user's off-hand, the fore stock defining an internal cavity
extending parallel with the barrel axis; wherein the barrel axis
passes through the body support surface of the stock; and wherein
the barrel is positioned substantially within the internal cavity
of the fore stock portion.
2. The firearm according to claim 1, wherein an upper surface of
the receiver includes a top-loading port to load shot shells into
the magazine tube, and a side face of the receiver includes a shell
ejection port to eject spent cartridges.
3. The firearm according to claim 1, further comprising a magazine
tube, the receiver further defining an upper opening, the magazine
tube aligned with the upper opening and secured to the
receiver.
4. The firearm according to claim 3, further comprising a sighting
system mounted above the magazine tube.
5. The firearm according to claim 4, wherein the sighting system is
thermally isolated from the heat of the barrel.
6. The firearm according to claim 1, wherein the barrel is fully
encased within the internal cavity of the fore stock portion.
7. A method for reducing muzzle rise in a firearm, the method
comprising the steps of: providing a stock defining a body support
surface; operatively coupling a receiver to the stock; operatively
coupling a barrel to the receiver, the barrel defining a centerline
extending along an axis; aligning the barrel axis with the body
support surface of the stock; and positioning a magazine tube atop
the barrel.
8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of
positioning a sighting system atop the magazine tube.
9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of
configuring a shell pusher assembly to drop a new round from the
magazine tube downwards into the receiver.
Description
[0001] Reference is made to and this application claims priority
from and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
16/114,209, filed Aug. 27, 2018, entitled "APPARATUS AND METHOD TO
REDUCE MUZZLE RISE IN A FIREARM", and U.S. Provisional Application
Ser. No. 62/550,579, filed Aug. 26, 2017, entitled "FIREARM HAVING
REDUCED MUZZLE RISE", which applications are incorporated herein in
their entirety by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This disclosure relates generally to firearms and, more
specifically, to reducing the muzzle rise in a firearm.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] When a round is discharged from a firearm, the forward
momentum of the projectile and exhaust gases must be balanced by
forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (Newton's third
law). The resultant forces, directed along the gun barrel towards
the user, cause the firearm to recoil. Recoil in a firearm refers
to its backwards motion when a round is discharged. For small
firearms, the backwards motion or recoil is typically absorbed and
arrested by the user's body.
[0004] Muzzle rise refers to the motion of a firearm barrel as it
jerks upwards when a shot is fired. FIG. 1 depicts a prior art
shotgun 10 and a free body diagram to illustrate the forces at play
when the shotgun is fired. The force P from the projectile and
propellant gases act on the barrel 11 along the barrel centerline
12. The force P is resisted at the location where the shotgun stock
13 contacts the shoulder support of the user, designated by an
average reacting force S. The difference in height H between the
force P acting along the barrel axis 14 and the reacting force S at
the average point of user contact operates to create a torque, or
moment M. The moment M operates to rotate the muzzle end 15 of the
barrel upwards, as shown by muzzle rise arrow MR.
[0005] Recoil and muzzle rise create several deleterious effects
for the user. For example, the upwards jerking motion can throw the
user off balance, or cause the user to lose control of the firearm.
The muzzle rise also increases the user's follow up time, which
increases the time to get back on target. Depending on the amount
of pressure and power in the round, and thus the magnitude of the
recoil and muzzle rise, even an experienced user may have
difficulty quickly following up a shot.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] The features described herein can be better understood with
reference to the drawings described below. The drawings are not
necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon
illustrating the principles of the invention. In the drawings, like
numerals are used to indicate like parts throughout the various
views.
[0007] FIG. 1 depicts a side plan view of prior art shotgun;
[0008] FIG. 2 depicts a side perspective view of a shotgun
according to one embodiment of the invention;
[0009] FIG. 3 depicts an exploded perspective view of the shotgun
shown in FIG. 2;
[0010] FIG. 4 depicts an alternate exploded perspective view of the
shotgun shown in FIG. 2;
[0011] FIG. 5 depicts an exploded perspective view of a bolt
assembly according to one embodiment of the invention;
[0012] FIG. 6 depicts a magnified exploded perspective view of the
shotgun shown in FIG. 3;
[0013] FIG. 7 depicts a side plan view of a shotgun according to
another embodiment of the invention;
[0014] FIG. 8 depicts an alternate plan view of the shotgun shown
in FIG. 7;
[0015] FIG. 9 depicts a perspective view of a pistol according to
another embodiment of the invention; and
[0016] FIG. 10 depicts a side plan view of a pistol according to
yet another embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The present invention mitigates these deleterious effects by
aligning the barrel axis of the firearm with the user support
surface on the stock or grip. As will be explained in detail below,
by reducing or eliminating the difference in height H between the
force P acting along the barrel axis and the reacting force S at
the average point of user contact, little to no torque is generated
and the muzzle rise MR is all but eliminated. However, in order to
properly align the barrel with the contact point of the user, the
layout of other components in the firearm had to be reconfigured.
Specifically, the barrel had to be lowered relative to the stock as
far as possible. One method by which this was accomplished was to
switch the locations of the magazine tube and the barrel. A typical
prior art shotgun, as shown in FIG. 1, positions the magazine tube
16 underneath the barrel 11. However, in some embodiments of the
present invention, the magazine tube is repositioned on top of the
shotgun, and the barrel is moved underneath the magazine tube. This
relocation also necessitated a redesign of the shot shell loading
and ejection mechanisms. Another method by which the barrel was
lowered relative to the stock was to form a longitudinal internal
cavity in the fore stock, and position the barrel within the
cavity.
[0018] FIGS. 2-4 depict the main components of a firearm according
to one embodiment of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment,
the firearm is a semi-automatic, recoil-operated shotgun. Portions
of the shotgun 110 are shown in exploded views (i.e., dashed lines)
to better illustrate internal components of the gun.
[0019] Generally, the shotgun 110 includes a receiver 117 housing a
bolt assembly 118, a trigger assembly 119, and a shell pusher
assembly 120. A forward end of the receiver 117 is configured to
receive and rigidly secure a breech end 121 of a firearm barrel
111. The barrel 111 extends longitudinally forward from the
receiver 117, defining a bore 122 properly sized for the gauge of
the shotgun. The bore 122 defines a barrel centerline 112 which,
when extended in a longitudinal direction, defines a barrel axis
114.
[0020] A rear end of the receiver 117 is configured to receive and
rigidly secure a stock 113. The stock 113 may include a butt plate
123 or similar component to provide a degree of added cushion where
the stock braces against a user's body, typically the shoulder. For
purposes of the invention disclosed herein, the stock 113 defines a
body support surface 124 on the butt face where the stock braces
against the user's body. In one embodiment, the body support
surface 124 is located on the upper portion of the stock 113.
[0021] The forward end of the receiver 117 can also be configured
to secure a magazine tube 116. The magazine tube 116 can extend
longitudinally and store four or five shot shells in a horizontal
orientation, and may be secured to the barrel 111 with a barrel
clamp 125. An internal magazine spring (not shown) biases the shot
shells under spring pressure so as to force the shells rearward
into the shell pusher assembly 120 during reload. A threaded end
cap 126 holds the compressed magazine spring in place. In one
embodiment of the invention, the magazine tube 116 is positioned
above the barrel 111. The receiver 117 may thus define a lower
opening 127 to receive the barrel 111 and an upper opening 128 to
receive the magazine tube 116. The lower opening 127 may include
one or more axially-extending ribs 129, lugs, splines, or the like.
The outer diameter of the mating barrel and bolt assembly includes
matching grooves, thereby allowing the parts to be mated.
[0022] In one embodiment of the invention, an upper surface of the
receiver 117 can include a top-loading port 130 to load shot shells
into the receiver 117, and a side face can include a shell ejection
port 131 to eject the spent cartridges. The top-loading port 130,
used to load shells into the magazine tube 116, may operate in
concert with the shell pusher assembly 120, which can be positioned
in line with the longitudinal axis of the magazine tube. The side
ejection port 131 allows a spent shell to be side-ejected using the
action of the bolt assembly.
[0023] In another embodiment, not shown, a side face of the
receiver 117 may include both a side-loading port and an ejection
port.
[0024] The shotgun 110 may further include a fore stock 132 to
provide a thermally-insulated grip area for the non-firing hand.
The fore stock 132 may be predominately U-shaped in cross-section,
defining an internal cavity 133 extending along the barrel axis
114. The cavity 133 can be configured to a depth such that the
barrel 111 is fully encased by the fore stock 132. In the
illustrated example, the fore stock 132 extends forward
approximately half the length of the barrel 111, upwards to the
magazine tube 116, and is secured to the receiver 117 and barrel
spacer 134 by pins 135.
[0025] The shotgun 110 can also include a sighting system 136
mounted atop the magazine tube 116. In the illustrated example, the
sighting system 136 is a sight rail extending the length of the
magazine tube 116. Because the sighting system 136 is mounted above
the magazine tube 116, it is beneficially distanced from the heat
emanating off the barrel 111 during firing sequences. As such, the
disclosed arrangement can thermally isolate the sighting system 136
from the barrel 111. Users of prior art firearms sometimes
encounter barrel mirage, which occurs as heat rises from the
barrel, typically when the user fires an excess of 10-15 rounds
without a sustained break in-between shots. Barrel mirage distorts
the target's image so it appears to be wavering around. Embodiments
of the present invention alleviate barrel mirage because the
sighting system 136 is thermally isolated from the barrel. No
special venting, cooling, or additional hardware is required.
[0026] As can be appreciated by comparison of the system forces
between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the difference in height H between the
force P acting along the barrel axis 114 and the reacting force S
at the average contact point of the user is essentially zero,
meaning little to no torque is generated and the muzzle rise MR is
greatly diminished, if not altogether eliminated.
[0027] Turning now to FIG. 5, details of the bolt assembly 118 are
shown schematically in exploded view, along the barrel axis 114.
Bolt assembly 118 holds the shot shell in the breech 121 of the
barrel 111 during the firing process. In the illustrated
embodiment, the bolt assembly 118 can include a bolt body 137
having an internal cylindrical bolt bore 138 aligned with the
barrel axis 114. The bolt bore 138 does not extend completely
through the bolt body 137. Rather, the bolt bore 138 is formed into
a forward face 139 of the bolt body 137 and extends only part-way
through, so as to form a cylindrical cavity with a rear wall. The
interior rear wall can be counter-bored to a suitable diameter to
accept a bolt spring 140. In one example, the bolt spring 140 may
be formed from Type 302 stainless steel to provide a high degree of
stiffness. A firing pin 141 extends through a smaller bore 142 in
the bolt body 137 (on the rear face) and is also aligned with the
barrel centerline barrel axis 114. The firing pin 141 can have a
shoulder at an intermediate location to limit its travel within the
bolt bore 138.
[0028] The bolt body 137 may further include a slot configured to
receive a bolt handle 143. As seen in FIG. 2, the bolt handle 143
protrudes through the side ejection port 131 in the receiver 117. A
longitudinal slot 144 extending from the ejection port 131 permits
the bolt handle 143 to slide the bolt assembly 118 rearward far
enough so that a round can be chambered by the bolt action, either
manually or automatically.
[0029] The bolt assembly 118 may further include a cylindrical bolt
head 145 at the forward end of the assembly. The rear portion of
the bolt head 145 is configured for a slip-fit in the bolt bore 138
of the bolt body 137 and, when assembled in the bore, captures the
bolt spring 140 within the internal cavity. The forward end of the
bolt head 145 is configured to mate with ribs 129 on the lower
opening 127 of the receiver 117, and include matching grooves 146
disposed about the outer diameter for this purpose. The bolt head
145 secures a shot shell in the breech end 121 of the barrel 111.
Forces from recoil spring 147 act on the bolt head 145 and serve to
push the bolt head against the chambered round.
[0030] A plunger 148 operatively attached to the bolt body 137
extends rearward from the bolt body 137, terminating in a buffer
tube 149 located in the stock 113. The plunger 148 engages the
recoil spring 147 retained within the buffer tube 149. As will be
explained in more detail below, when a shot is fired the recoil
force thrusts the bolt body 137 rearward along a bolt path 150 and
compresses the recoil spring 147. In most arrangements, the bolt
path 150 is along the barrel axis 114. When the recoil forces
abate, the energy stored in the compressed recoil spring 147 pushes
the bolt assembly 118 forward.
[0031] FIG. 6 depicts an exploded perspective view of the shell
pusher assembly 120 and the trigger assembly 119. The receiver has
been removed for clarity. The shell pusher assembly 120 may have
dual functions--for use in loading shells into the magazine tube,
and to cycle a new round into the chamber after firing.
[0032] The shell pusher assembly 120 may be enclosed in a housing
formed by a top plate 151 having two sides. The shell pusher
assembly 120 may include a pusher plate 152 and a pusher arm 153
that rotate about a pivot pin 154, but may operate independent of
each other. The pusher plate 152 closes off the top-loading port
130 of the receiver 117, and therefore is biased upwards by first
pusher spring 155. The pusher arm 153 rotates rearward when engaged
by the bolt assembly 118, and is biased by second pusher spring
156.
[0033] Shot shells can loaded into the magazine tube 116 simply by
pressing down on the pusher plate 152 and sliding the shells into
the tube. The shell to be fed into the chamber is held in place by
a cartridge stop (not shown), a spring-like clip on the inside wall
of the receiver 117.
[0034] The semi-automatic nature of the firearm allows for
automatic cycling of new rounds into the chamber. After a shot is
fired, the bolt body 137 rapidly moves rearward and engages the
angled surface of the pusher arm 153. The action first depresses
the cartridge stop into a depression in the wall of the receiver
117. The deflection disengages the cartridge stop from the rim of
the shot shell in the magazine, so the shell pops into the receiver
cavity. The continued rearward action of the bolt body 137
subsequently rotates the pusher arm 153 far enough (toward the
stock) to pivot the forward portion of the pusher plate 152
downward, which pushes the shot shell down into the chamber. When
the bolt returns, a spring-loaded extractor 157 on the bolt head
145 grips and holds the lip of the shot shell, and pushes it into
the chamber. When the next round is fired and the bolt slides
rearward, the extractor 157 pulls out the spent shell. On the
opposing side of the bolt head 145, the receiver 117 has a lug on
the side wall, and the bolt has a longitudinal clearance slot. When
the bolt slides backwards, still carrying the shell, the lug
traverses the slot but eventually hits the lip of the shot shell,
causing it to torque over to the side, which is enough to release
the extractor spring 157, and the shell is ejected out the side
ejection port 131.
[0035] The shotgun 110 further includes a trigger assembly 119,
which may be a stand-alone, modular construction. Seen externally,
the trigger assembly 119 can include a trigger frame 158 and
trigger 159. In the disclosed embodiment, the trigger assembly 119
is a three-part system comprising a trigger arm 160, a hammer 161,
and a sear 162. The trigger 159 pivots about trigger pin 163, and
is also rotatably pinned to the trigger arm 160. Trigger spring 164
biases the trigger arm 160 upwards and backwards, so the forward
end remains in biasing contact with hammer and sear 162. The
biasing force assures the sear 162 holds the hammer 161 in a cocked
position 165. When trigger 159 is pulled backwards, the trigger arm
160 moves forward and pushes on the sear 162, causing it to rotate
about the sear pin 166, downwards and away from the hammer. Once
the sear 162 moves clear of the hammer 161, the hammer is released
and hammer spring 167 biases the hammer to rotate rapidly about
hammer pin 168 and strike the firing pin 141, as illustrated by
strike position 169.
[0036] In operation, the user racks the bolt handle 143 to chamber
a round, takes proper stance, and puts the shotgun in firing
position, holding the grip 170 with the firing hand and the fore
stock 132 with the non-firing hand. The upper portion of the stock
butt plate 123, having the body support surface 124, is pulled
firmly into the pocket formed in the user's shoulder. In this
manner, the barrel axis 114 of the shotgun barrel is directly
aligned with the user's area of support.
[0037] When the user squeezes the trigger, the firing pin 141 is
driven forward through the smaller bore 142 in the bolt body 137
and into the primer of the shot shell, which causes detonation of
the chambered shell. The explosive gases and shot exiting the
muzzle set up the recoil impulse down the barrel 111 towards the
user. Because the bolt body 137 is not fixed to the barrel 111,
initially it remains stationary as the rest of the shotgun,
including the bolt head 145, begins to recoil backwards. The
difference in motion between the stationary bolt body 137 and the
rest of the firearm compresses the short, very stiff bolt spring
140 between the bolt body 137 and the bolt head 145. The bolt
spring 140 passes the point of maximum compression as the shot
charge leaves the barrel and the rearward force on the gun
diminishes. The potential energy stored in the compressed bolt
spring 140 then releases, expanding the spring and throwing the
bolt body 137 rearward with enough force to eject the spent shell,
all while compressing the recoil spring 147 in the stock 113.
[0038] As the bolt body moves rearward, it also re-cocks the
hammer. The rearward-moving bolt body pushes against the hammer
161, causing it rotate in a rearward motion about hammer pin 168.
The hammer briefly rotates past its original position 165, and in
doing so pushes down on the trigger arm 160, forcing the forward
tip of the trigger arm 160 over and past the sear engagement
features, and into the middle void of the "C" cross section. A sear
spring (not shown) biasing the sear 162 rearward about sear pin 166
permits the sear to rotate rearward until it contacts the hammer
161.
[0039] At this point, the recoil spring 147 initiates recycling by
sending the bolt assembly 118 forward. When the bolt clears the
hammer 161, the hammer spring 167 pushes the hammer upwards until
the lip on the hammer engages the lip on the sear, and the opposing
biasing forces keep them engaged. In a final step, the user
discontinues squeezing the trigger, and trigger spring 164 biases
the trigger forward and the trigger arm 160 rearward. As the
trigger arm moves rearward, eventually the tip of the sear 162
drops into the shelf on the tip of the trigger arm, and the hammer,
sear, and trigger arm mutually lock into place. The trigger
assembly is now ready for firing again.
[0040] In the embodiment just disclosed, the barrel is rigidly
secured to the receiver, and thus immobilized from recoil forces.
However, this particular configuration is not intended to limit the
invention in any way, and other configurations are contemplated
within the scope of the invention.
[0041] Turning now to FIG. 7, shown is shotgun 210 according to one
embodiment of the invention in which the receiver comprises an
upper receiver 271 coupled to a lower receiver 272. The modular
arrangement allows for a wider variety of components for user
preference, and may permit manufacturing cost savings by modifying
existing receivers. In one example, the lower receiver 272 may
include the trigger assembly 219 and pistol grip 273, and the upper
receiver 271 may include the bolt assembly 218 and shell pusher
assembly 220 (hidden from view). The barrel 211, magazine tube 216,
fore end 232, and stock 213 could be customized or off-the
shelf.
[0042] In one example, shown in FIG. 8, the lower receiver 272 can
be configured as an AR-type lower receiver, and the upper receiver
271 can be configured as a shotgun upper receiver. As illustrated,
in one possible arrangement the shotgun upper receiver 271, barrel
211, and magazine tube 216 were rotated upside-down to be fitted
into the lower receiver 272. The dashed lines indicate removal of
the trigger assembly and metal removal from the receiver to conform
to the shape of the AR-type lower receiver 272.
[0043] Although a single-barreled, semi-automatic shotgun has been
described above, other shotgun variants are contemplated within the
scope of the present invention. For example, the shotgun may be
double barreled, or breech-loading with break-action. The shotgun
may be pump-action, lever-action, bolt-action, fully automatic,
gas-operated, or recoil-operated.
[0044] Furthermore, other firearms besides a shotgun are
contemplated within the scope of the present invention. For
example, the firearm may be a semi-automatic pistol. As illustrated
in FIG. 9, wherein like numerals indicate like elements from FIGS.
1-8, to mitigate the muzzle rise on a pistol 310, the location of
the barrel and guide rod can be swapped, such that the guide rod
374 and spring 375 are positioned above the barrel 311. The barrel
axis 314 can be configured to align with the web 376 of the grip
370. In this manner, the force from the projectile and propellant
gases acting along the barrel axis 314 are resisted essentially
along the axis of the user's outstretched forearm.
[0045] Turning to FIG. 10, in other embodiments the grip angle
.alpha. can be increased to approximately 30.degree. or more, which
may better align the barrel axis 414 with the user's forearm. As
used herein, grip angle is defined as the angle between the grip
and a line perpendicular to the sight plane (or barrel
centerline).
[0046] While the present invention has been described with
reference to a number of specific embodiments, it will be
understood that the true spirit and scope of the invention should
be determined only with respect to claims that can be supported by
the present specification. Further, while in numerous cases herein
wherein systems and apparatuses and methods are described as having
a certain number of elements it will be understood that such
systems, apparatuses and methods can be practiced with fewer than
the mentioned certain number of elements. Also, while a number of
particular embodiments have been described, it will be understood
that features and aspects that have been described with reference
to each particular embodiment can be used with each remaining
particularly described embodiment.
* * * * *