U.S. patent application number 17/138676 was filed with the patent office on 2021-04-22 for devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for content navigation and manipulation.
The applicant listed for this patent is Apple Inc.. Invention is credited to Marcos Alonso Ruiz, Chanaka G. Karunamuni, Nicholas V. King, Daniel T. Preston.
Application Number | 20210117054 17/138676 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005316008 |
Filed Date | 2021-04-22 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20210117054 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Karunamuni; Chanaka G. ; et
al. |
April 22, 2021 |
Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Content
Navigation and Manipulation
Abstract
An electronic device displays content of a first content item,
wherein the first content item is one of a sequence of content
items. The device detects a user input that includes movement of a
contact in a respective direction on the touch-sensitive surface.
In response to detecting the user input: in accordance with a
determination that the user input meets item-switching criteria,
the device replaces display of the first content item with display
of a second content item in the sequence of content items, wherein
the item-switching criteria include a criterion that is met when a
characteristic intensity of the contact is above a first intensity
threshold; and, in accordance with a determination that the user
input does not meet the item-switching criteria, the device
navigates through the content of the first content item in
accordance with the movement of the contact.
Inventors: |
Karunamuni; Chanaka G.; (San
Jose, CA) ; Alonso Ruiz; Marcos; (San Francisco,
CA) ; King; Nicholas V.; (San Jose, CA) ;
Preston; Daniel T.; (San Jose, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Apple Inc. |
Cupertino |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005316008 |
Appl. No.: |
17/138676 |
Filed: |
December 30, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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16354035 |
Mar 14, 2019 |
10884608 |
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17138676 |
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15009688 |
Jan 28, 2016 |
10235035 |
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16354035 |
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62235490 |
Sep 30, 2015 |
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62203387 |
Aug 10, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 3/0483 20130101;
G06F 3/0488 20130101; G06F 2203/04105 20130101; G06F 3/0414
20130101; G06F 3/04883 20130101; G06F 3/0482 20130101; G06F 3/04855
20130101; G06F 3/0485 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G06F 3/0482 20060101
G06F003/0482; G06F 3/0483 20060101 G06F003/0483; G06F 3/0485
20060101 G06F003/0485; G06F 3/0488 20060101 G06F003/0488; G06F
3/041 20060101 G06F003/041 |
Claims
1. A method, comprising: at an electronic device with a
touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one or more sensors to
detect an intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface:
presenting a first portion of content on the display; while
presenting the first portion of the content on the display:
detecting a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and
detecting a first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first
movement of the first contact, scrolling the content to present a
second portion of the content on the display in accordance with the
first movement of the first contact; detecting an increase in
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
during the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface; after detecting the increase in intensity
of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface during the
first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface,
detecting a lift-off of the first contact following the first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and,
in response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact
following the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface, moving the content on the display by an
amount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity of
the first contact and a characteristic speed of the first movement
detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristic speed of the
first movement is a first speed and moving the content on the
display by the amount that is determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact includes: in accordance with a
determination that the characteristic intensity is a first
intensity, moving the content by a first amount; and in accordance
with a determination that the characteristic intensity is a second
intensity that is different from the first intensity, moving the
content by a second amount that is different from the first
amount.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first intensity is greater
than the second intensity and the first amount of movement is
greater than the second amount of movement.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first intensity is less than
the second intensity and the first amount of movement is greater
than the second amount of movement.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein moving the content on the display
by the amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes setting a simulated friction based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein moving the content on the display
by the amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes setting a simulated inertia based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein moving the content on the display
by the amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes setting an initial speed of movement for moving the
content based on the characteristic intensity of the first
contact.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the content on the display
by the amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes: determining an initial speed for continued scrolling
after the lift-off of the first contact based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact;
and continuing the scrolling of the content after the lift-off of
the first contact with the initial speed determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact.
9. The method of claim 1, including: in response to detecting the
increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive
surface, dynamically applying a visual effect on the first portion
of content on the display in accordance with a current intensity of
the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
10. The method of claim 1, including: presenting a scroll bar on
the display, wherein the scroll bar includes a scroll position
indicator that indicates a respective position of a currently
displayed portion of the content in the content; and presenting a
scroll enhancement indicator concurrently with the scroll position
indicator, wherein an appearance of the scroll enhancement
indicator varies dynamically with a current intensity of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
11. The method of claim 10, including: while moving the content on
the display by the amount that is determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact, dynamically changing the appearance
of the scroll enhancement indicator in accordance with a current
scrolling speed.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the content on the
display by the amount that is determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact includes: applying an intensity
filter to an intensity profile of the first contact, wherein the
intensity filter shifts the intensity profile by a first time shift
past the lift-off of the first contact; and determining an initial
speed for moving the content on the display after the lift-off of
the first contact based on a selected intensity value on the
filtered intensity profile.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the content on the
display by the amount that is determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact includes: applying a speed filter to
a speed profile of the first contact, wherein the speed filter
shifts the speed profile by a second time shift past the lift-off
of the first contact; determining an initial speed for moving the
content on the display after the lift-off of the first contact
based on a selected speed value on the shifted speed profile; and
moving the content on the display with the determined initial speed
after the lift-off of the first contact.
14. The method of claim 1, including: prior to detecting the first
movement of the first contact, detecting an earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact while the first contact remains
stationary on the touch-sensitive surface.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein: detecting the earlier increase
in intensity of the first contact includes detecting the earlier
increase in intensity of the first contact above a first intensity
threshold while a focus selector is located on a first user
interface element on the display, and the method includes
performing a predefined operation associated with the first user
interface element in response to detecting the earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact above the first intensity threshold
while the focus selector is located on the first user interface
element on the display.
16. An electronic device, comprising: a display; a touch-sensitive
surface; one or more sensors to detect an intensity of a contact on
the touch-sensitive surface; one or more processors; memory; and
one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored
in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more
processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
presenting a first portion of content on the display; while
presenting the first portion of the content on the display:
detecting a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and
detecting a first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first
movement of the first contact, scrolling the content to present a
second portion of the content on the display in accordance with the
first movement of the first contact; detecting an increase in
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
during the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface; after detecting the increase in intensity
of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface during the
first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface,
detecting a lift-off of the first contact following the first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and,
in response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact
following the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface, moving the content on the display by an
amount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity of
the first contact and a characteristic speed of the first movement
detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact.
17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the characteristic
speed of the first movement is a first speed and moving the content
on the display by the amount that is determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact includes: in accordance with a
determination that the characteristic intensity is a first
intensity, moving the content by a first amount; and in accordance
with a determination that the characteristic intensity is a second
intensity that is different from the first intensity, moving the
content by a second amount that is different from the first
amount.
18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the first intensity
is greater than the second intensity and the first amount of
movement is greater than the second amount of movement.
19. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the first intensity
is less than the second intensity and the first amount of movement
is greater than the second amount of movement.
20. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more
programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which
when executed by an electronic device with a display, a
touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect an
intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface, cause the
electronic device to: present a first portion of content on the
display; while presenting the first portion of the content on the
display: detect a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; and
detect a first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive
surface; in response to detecting the first movement of the first
contact, scroll the content to present a second portion of the
content on the display in accordance with the first movement of the
first contact; detect an increase in intensity of the first contact
on the touch-sensitive surface during the first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface; after detecting the
increase in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive
surface during the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface, detect a lift-off of the first contact
following the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the lift-off
of the first contact following the first movement of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface, move the content on the
display by an amount that is determined based on a characteristic
intensity of the first contact and a characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/354,035, filed Mar. 14, 2019, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/009,688, filed
Jan. 28, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,235,035, which claims priority
to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/235,490, filed Sep. 30,
2015, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/203,387, filed
Aug. 10, 2015, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in
their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This relates generally to electronic devices with
touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic
devices with touch-sensitive surfaces used for navigating and
manipulating displayed content.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for
computers and other electronic computing devices has increased
significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces
include touchpads and touch-screen displays. Such surfaces are
widely used to navigate and manipulate content in user interfaces
on a display.
[0004] Exemplary types of navigation and manipulation include
scrolling, zooming, and adjusting the position and/or size of one
or more user interface objects, as well as reordering user
interface objects. Exemplary user interface objects include digital
images, video, text, icons, control elements such as buttons, and
other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need to
navigate and manipulate content in a reader application (e.g.,
iBooks from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a file management
program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), an
image management application (e.g., Aperture, iPhoto, Photos from
Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos
and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of
Cupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation
application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a
word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of
Cupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers
from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.).
[0005] But existing methods for performing these navigations and
manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, these
methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This
latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated
devices.
SUMMARY
[0006] Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with
faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for content
navigation and manipulation. Such methods and interfaces optionally
complement or replace conventional methods for content navigation
and manipulation. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number,
extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more
efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices,
such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time
between battery charges.
[0007] The above deficiencies and other problems associated with
user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive
surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In
some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some
embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer,
tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the
device is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic
device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the device has a
touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive
display (also known as a "touch screen" or "touch-screen display").
In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface
(GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules,
programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for
performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user
interacts with the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger
contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some
embodiments, the functions optionally include document reading,
image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet
making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing,
instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital
videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or
digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these
functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer
readable storage medium or other computer program product
configured for execution by one or more processors.
[0008] In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed
at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the
display, content of a first content item, wherein the first content
item is one of a sequence of content items. The device detects a
user input that includes movement of a contact in a respective
direction on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting
the user input: in accordance with a determination that the user
input meets item-switching criteria, the device replaces display of
the first content item with display of a second content item in the
sequence of content items, wherein the item-switching criteria
include a criterion that is met when a characteristic intensity of
the contact is above a first intensity threshold; and, in
accordance with a determination that the user input does not meet
the item-switching criteria, the device navigates through the
content of the first content item in accordance with the movement
of the contact.
[0009] In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed
at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: presenting a first
portion of a list of items on the display. The device detects a
contact on the touch-sensitive surface while the first portion of
the list of items is presented on the display and a first movement
of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface while a
characteristic intensity of the contact remains below a first
intensity threshold. In response to detecting the first movement of
the contact on the touch-sensitive surface while the characteristic
intensity of the contact remains below the first intensity
threshold, the device scrolls the list of items to present a second
portion of the list of items on the display in accordance with the
first movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. While
a focus selector associated with the contact is located on a first
item in the second portion of the list of items presented on the
display, the device detects an increase in the characteristic
intensity of the contact above the first intensity threshold
followed by a second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive
surface. In response to detecting the increase in the
characteristic intensity of the contact above the first intensity
threshold followed by the second movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface, the device moves the first item relative
to other items in the second portion of the list of items presented
on the display in accordance with the second movement of the
contact.
[0010] In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed
at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: presenting a first
portion of structured content on the display. The structured
content includes a plurality of sections, and the first portion
includes content from a first section of the plurality of sections.
The device detects a first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
while the first portion of the structured content is presented on
the display. The device detects an increase in a characteristic
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface and
detects a first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface. In response to detecting the increase in
the characteristic intensity of the first contact and detecting the
first movement of the first contact: in accordance with a
determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact
increases above a first intensity threshold, the device translates
the structured content to display a start of a second section
adjacent to the first section of the structured content at a
predefined location on the display; and in accordance with a
determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact does
not increase above the first intensity threshold, the device
translates the structured content in accordance with a magnitude of
the movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface.
[0011] In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed
at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: presenting a first
portion of content on the display. While presenting the first
portion of the content on the display, the device detects a first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface and detects a first movement
of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to
detecting the first movement of the first contact, the device
scrolls the content to present a second portion of the content on
the display in accordance with the first movement of the first
contact. The device detects an increase in intensity of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface during the first movement of
the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. After detecting
the increase in intensity of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface during the first movement of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the device detects a
lift-off of the first contact following the first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to
detecting the lift-off of the first contact following the first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the
device moves the content on the display by an amount that is
determined based on a characteristic intensity of the first contact
and a characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to
the lift-off of the first contact.
[0012] In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed
at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: presenting a first
portion of content on the display. While presenting the first
portion of the content, the device detects a first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface and detects a first movement of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The device detects a
lift-off of the first contact following the first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In response to
detecting the lift-off of the first contact following the first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface: in
accordance with a determination that the first contact had a
characteristic intensity above a respective intensity threshold
prior to the lift-off of the first contact, the device scrolls
through the content to a predefined portion of the content; and in
accordance with a determination that the first contact had a
characteristic intensity below the respective intensity threshold
prior to the lift-off of the first contact, the device scrolls
through the content by an amount that is determined based on a
characteristic speed of the first contact during the first
movement.
[0013] In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device
includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more
sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with
the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or
more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: enable
display, on the display unit, of content of a first content item,
wherein the first content item is one of a sequence of content
items; detect a user input that includes movement of a contact in a
respective direction on the touch-sensitive surface unit; in
response to detecting the user input: in accordance with a
determination that the user input meets item-switching criteria,
enable the display unit to replace display of the first content
item with display of a second content item in the sequence of
content items, wherein the item-switching criteria include a
criterion that is met when a characteristic intensity of the
contact is above a first intensity threshold; and, in accordance
with a determination that the user input does not meet the
item-switching criteria, enable the display unit to navigate
through the content of the first content item in accordance with
the movement of the contact.
[0014] In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device
includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more
sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with
the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or
more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: present a
first portion of a list of items on the display unit; detect a
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the first portion
of the list of items is presented on the display unit; detect a
first movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit
while a characteristic intensity of the contact remains below a
first intensity threshold; in response to detecting the first
movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while
the characteristic intensity of the contact remains below the first
intensity threshold, scroll the list of items to present a second
portion of the list of items on the display unit in accordance with
the first movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface
unit; while a focus selector associated with the contact is located
on a first item in the second portion of the list of items
presented on the display unit, detect an increase in the
characteristic intensity of the contact above the first intensity
threshold followed by a second movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response to detecting the
increase in the characteristic intensity of the contact above the
first intensity threshold followed by the second movement of the
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, move the first item
relative to other items in the second portion of the list of items
presented on the display unit in accordance with the second
movement of the contact.
[0015] In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device
includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more
sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with
the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or
more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: present a
first portion of structured content on the display unit, wherein
the structured content includes a plurality of sections, and the
first portion includes content from a first section of the
plurality of sections; detect a first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit while the first portion of the
structured content is presented on the display unit; detect an
increase in a characteristic intensity of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit and detecting a first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response
to detecting the increase in the characteristic intensity of the
first contact and detecting the first movement of the first
contact: in accordance with a determination that the characteristic
intensity of the contact increases above a first intensity
threshold, translate the structured content to enable display of a
start of a second section adjacent to the first section of the
structured content at a predefined location on the display unit;
and, in accordance with a determination that the characteristic
intensity of the contact does not increase above the first
intensity threshold, translate the structured content in accordance
with a magnitude of the movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit.
[0016] In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device
includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more
sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with
the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or
more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: present a
first portion of content on the display unit; while presenting the
first portion of the content on the display unit: detect a first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and detect a first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit;
in response to detecting the first movement of the first contact,
scroll the content to present a second portion of the content on
the display unit in accordance with the first movement of the first
contact; detect an increase in intensity of the first contact on
the touch-sensitive surface unit during the first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; after detecting
the increase in intensity of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit during the first movement of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, detect a lift-off of
the first contact following the first movement of the first contact
on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response to detecting
the lift-off of the first contact following the first movement of
the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, move the
content on the display unit by an amount that is determined based
on a characteristic intensity of the first contact and a
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact.
[0017] In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device
includes a display unit configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit to receive contacts, one or more
sensor units to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and a processing unit coupled with
the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or
more sensor units. The processing unit is configured to: present a
first portion of content on the display unit; while presenting the
first portion of the content: detect a first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and detect a first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; detect a
lift-off of the first contact following the first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response
to detecting the lift-off of the first contact following the first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit:
in accordance with a determination that the first contact had a
characteristic intensity above a respective intensity threshold
prior to the lift-off of the first contact, scroll through the
content to a predefined portion of the content; and in accordance
with a determination that the first contact had a characteristic
intensity below the respective intensity threshold prior to the
lift-off of the first contact, scroll through the content by an
amount that is determined based on a characteristic speed of the
first contact during the first movement.
[0018] In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device
includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or
more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or
more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory
and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the
one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing
performance of the operations of any of the methods described
herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable
storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed
by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface,
and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts
with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform or
cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described
herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user
interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive
surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of
contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or
more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the
memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the
methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs,
as described in any of the methods described herein. In accordance
with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a
touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to
detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and
means for performing or causing performance of the operations of
any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some
embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an
electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, and
optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with
the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing or
causing performance of the operations of any of the methods
described herein.
[0019] Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive
surfaces and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of
contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster,
more efficient methods and interfaces for content navigation and
manipulation, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and
user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces
may complement or replace conventional methods for content
navigation and manipulation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] For a better understanding of the various described
embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of
Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in
which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts
throughout the figures.
[0021] FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable
multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance
with some embodiments.
[0022] FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components
for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.
[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a
touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.
[0024] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction
device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance
with some embodiments.
[0025] FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu
of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance
with some embodiments.
[0026] FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a
multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is
separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments.
[0027] FIGS. 4C-4E illustrate exemplary dynamic intensity
thresholds in accordance with some embodiments.
[0028] FIGS. 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for
navigating within and between content items in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0029] FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of
navigating within and between content items in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0030] FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of
reordering list items in accordance with some embodiments.
[0031] FIGS. 8A-8C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of
navigating structured content in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0032] FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating a method of
variable movement of content in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0033] FIGS. 10A-10C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of
scrolling to a predefined portion of content in accordance with
some embodiments.
[0034] FIGS. 11-15 are functional block diagrams of an electronic
device in accordance with some embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0035] Many electronic devices use graphical user interfaces to
display user interface objects (e.g., content items). There is
often a need to navigate the user interface objects, the position
of one or more user interface objects with respect to the position
of a different user interface object, or a component of the user
interface object with respect to another component of the user
interface object. Thus, there is a need to manipulate user
interface objects in a fast, efficient, and convenient manner on an
electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface.
[0036] Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that
present lists of items such as digital content, bookmarks,
locations (e.g., locations for which weather information is
displayed) folders and/or other items. A user may need to move an
item in a list to a different location in a list. For example, a
user may reorder a playlist of digital content to change a location
of a particular content item within the playlist. Here, methods are
disclosed that streamline list reordering by enabling a user to use
the same input gesture for list scrolling and list reordering
functions. The function resulting from a gesture depends on a
characteristic intensity of a contact in the gesture. Providing
different functions resulting from the same input, based on an
intensity component of the input, increases the range of controls
available to a user.
[0037] Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces with
features for navigating structured content, such as graphical user
interfaces for reader applications and other applications for
displaying content. A user may need to access a start of a next
section following a currently displayed section (or a prior section
preceding the currently displayed section) of structured content.
Some methods for accessing adjacent sections require a user to
navigate using a menu or a slider control. With conventional
scrolling using a slider control, the distance of the movement of
the contact is closely correlated with the amount of content
scrolling (e.g., lines, pages, etc.) that is performed. Here,
methods are disclosed that streamline the structured content
navigation process by allowing a user to translate structured
content directly to an adjacent section using a defined input
(regardless of the number of pages in the current section).
Additionally, the user is enabled to translate either to an
adjacent section or in accordance with a magnitude of movement of a
contact, depending on a characteristic intensity of a contact in
the input.
[0038] Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces with
features for scrolling through content, such as graphical user
interfaces for reader applications and for other applications for
displaying content. A user may need to scroll through content at
different speeds at various times (e.g., in order to scroll through
different amounts of content). With conventional scrolling, the
distance of the movement of a contact is closely correlated with
the movement of the contact before and after liftoff of the
contact. Here, methods are disclosed that provide scrolling
movement that changes in accordance with features of a contact in
the input, including a characteristic intensity of the contact.
[0039] Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces with
features for scrolling through content, such as graphical user
interfaces for reader applications and for other applications for
displaying content. A user may need to scroll to a predefined
portion of content. Some methods for accessing a portion of content
require a user to continually scroll until the portion of the
content is reached. Here, methods are disclosed that provide
movement-based scrolling and scrolling to a predefined portion of
content in accordance with a characteristic intensity of a contact
in an input.
[0040] Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, and 3 provide a description of
exemplary devices. FIGS. 4A-4B and 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user
interfaces for content navigation and manipulation. FIGS. 6A-6B
illustrate a flow diagram of a method of navigating within and
between content items. FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate a flow diagram of a
method of reordering list items. FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate a flow
diagram of a method of navigating structured content. FIGS. 9A-9D
illustrate a flow diagram of a method of variable movement of
content. FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate a flow diagram of a method of
scrolling to a predefined portion of content. The user interfaces
in FIGS. 5A-5TT are used to illustrate the processes in FIGS.
6A-6B, 7A-7C, 8A-8C, 9A-9D, and 10A-10C.
EXEMPLARY DEVICES
[0041] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments,
examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In
the following detailed description, numerous specific details are
set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the
various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one
of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments
may be practiced without these specific details. In other
instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits,
and networks have not been described in detail so as not to
unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
[0042] It will also be understood that, although the terms first,
second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe
various elements, these elements should not be limited by these
terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from
another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second
contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first
contact, without departing from the scope of the various described
embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both
contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context
clearly indicates otherwise.
[0043] The terminology used in the description of the various
described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing
particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As
used in the description of the various described embodiments and
the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are
intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context
clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the
term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all
possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed
items. It will be further understood that the terms "includes,"
"including," "comprises," and/or "comprising," when used in this
specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers,
steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude
the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers,
steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
[0044] As used herein, the term "if" is, optionally, construed to
mean "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in
response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the
phrase "if it is determined" or "if [a stated condition or event]
is detected" is, optionally, construed to mean "upon determining"
or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [the stated
condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [the stated
condition or event]," depending on the context.
[0045] Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such
devices, and associated processes for using such devices are
described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable
communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also
contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player
functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices
include, without limitation, the iPhone.RTM., iPod Touch.RTM., and
iPad.RTM. devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other
portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers
with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or
touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood
that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable
communications device, but is a desktop computer with a
touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a
touchpad).
[0046] In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that
includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It
should be understood, however, that the electronic device
optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface
devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a
joystick.
[0047] The device typically supports a variety of applications,
such as one or more of the following: a note taking application, a
drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing
application, a website creation application, a disk authoring
application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a
telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail
application, an instant messaging application, a workout support
application, a photo management application, a digital camera
application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing
application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital
video player application.
[0048] The various applications that are executed on the device
optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device,
such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the
touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information
displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied
from one application to the next and/or within a respective
application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as
the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the
variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and
transparent to the user.
[0049] Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable
devices with touch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram
illustrating portable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive
display system 112 in accordance with some embodiments.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 is sometimes called a "touch
screen" for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a
touch-sensitive display. Device 100 includes memory 102 (which
optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums),
memory controller 122, one or more processing units (CPUs) 120,
peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106,
other input or control devices 116, and external port 124. Device
100 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100
optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 165 for detecting
intensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive
surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100).
Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile output
generators 167 for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g.,
generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as
touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of
device 300). These components optionally communicate over one or
more communication buses or signal lines 103.
[0050] As used in the specification and claims, the term "tactile
output" refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a
previous position of the device, physical displacement of a
component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to
another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of
the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will
be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example,
in situations where the device or the component of the device is in
contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g.,
a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output
generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the
user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in
physical characteristics of the device or the component of the
device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a
touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by
the user as a "down click" or "up click" of a physical actuator
button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as
an "down click" or "up click" even when there is no movement of a
physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive
surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's
movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive
surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as
"roughness" of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no
change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such
interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the
individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many
sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of
users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to
a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an "up click," a
"down click," "roughness"), unless otherwise stated, the generated
tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device
or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory
perception for a typical (or average) user.
[0051] It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example
of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally
has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or
more components, or optionally has a different configuration or
arrangement of the components. The various components shown in FIG.
1A are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a
combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or
application specific integrated circuits.
[0052] Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access
memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as
one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or
other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102
by other components of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the
peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory
controller 122.
[0053] Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and
output peripherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102. The
one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs
and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various
functions for device 100 and to process data.
[0054] In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120,
and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single
chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are,
optionally, implemented on separate chips.
[0055] RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF
signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108
converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and
communicates with communications networks and other communications
devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108
optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these
functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF
transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more
oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a
subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF
circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the
Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet
and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a
wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area
network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The
wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of
communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but
not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM),
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet
access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), Evolution,
Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long
term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code
division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access
(CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless
Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax,
IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g.,
Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol
(POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence
protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging
and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and
Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or
any other suitable communication protocol, including communication
protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this
document.
[0056] Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide
an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry
110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts
the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the
electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the
electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110
also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from
sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to
audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface
118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from
and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by
peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110
also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jack
provides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable
audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a
headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears)
and input (e.g., a microphone).
[0057] I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device
100, such as touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or
control devices 116, with peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem
106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor
controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback
controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other
input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160
receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control
devices 116. The other input or control devices 116 optionally
include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons,
etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so
forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are,
optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a
keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device
such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2)
optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker
111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons optionally
include a push button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).
[0058] Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input
interface and an output interface between the device and a user.
Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals
from/to touch-sensitive display system 112. Touch-sensitive display
system 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output
optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any
combination thereof (collectively termed "graphics"). In some
embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user
interface objects. As used herein, the term "affordance" refers to
a user.quadrature.interactive graphical user interface object
(e.g., graphical user interface object that is configured to
respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface
object). Examples of user.quadrature.interactive graphical user
interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider,
icon, selectable menu item, switch, or other user interface
control.
[0059] Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive
surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user
based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display
system 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated
modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact
(and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive
display system 112 and converts the detected contact into
interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft
keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on
touch-sensitive display system 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a
point of contact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the
user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.
[0060] Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD
(liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer
display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology,
although other display technologies are used in other embodiments.
Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156
optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof
using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or
later developed, including but not limited to capacitive,
resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as
well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for
determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive
display system 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual
capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the
iPhone.RTM., iPod Touch.RTM., and iPad.RTM. from Apple Inc. of
Cupertino, Calif.
[0061] Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video
resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch
screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800
dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with
touch-sensitive display system 112 using any suitable object or
appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some
embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with
finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than
stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on
the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the
rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or
command for performing the actions desired by the user.
[0062] In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device
100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or
deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the
touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the
touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is,
optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from
touch-sensitive display system 112 or an extension of the
touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
[0063] Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the
various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power
management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery,
alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure
detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status
indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other
components associated with the generation, management and
distribution of power in portable devices.
[0064] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical
sensors 164. FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled with optical
sensor controller 158 in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor(s) 164
optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary
metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical
sensor(s) 164 receive light from the environment, projected through
one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an
image. In conjunction with imaging module 143 (also called a camera
module), optical sensor(s) 164 optionally capture still images
and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on
the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive display system 112
on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for
use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In
some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of
the device so that the user's image is obtained (e.g., for selfies,
for videoconferencing while the user views the other video
conference participants on the touch screen, etc.).
[0065] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact
intensity sensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor
coupled with intensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106.
Contact intensity sensor(s) 165 optionally include one or more
piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric
force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors,
capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors
(e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact
on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s) 165
receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information
or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some
embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated
with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,
touch-sensitive display system 112). In some embodiments, at least
one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device 100,
opposite touch-screen display system 112 which is located on the
front of device 100.
[0066] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity
sensors 166. FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled with
peripherals interface 118. Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is
coupled with input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some
embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables
touch-sensitive display system 112 when the multifunction device is
placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone
call).
[0067] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile
output generators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator
coupled with haptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106.
Tactile output generator(s) 167 optionally include one or more
electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components
and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear
motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer,
piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile
output generating component (e.g., a component that converts
electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Tactile
output generator(s) 167 receive tactile feedback generation
instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generates tactile
outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a user of
device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile output
generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally,
generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface
vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally
(e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device
100). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator
sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite
touch-sensitive display system 112, which is located on the front
of device 100.
[0068] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more
accelerometers 168. FIG. 1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled with
peripherals interface 118. Alternately, accelerometer 168 is,
optionally, coupled with an input controller 160 in I/O subsystem
106. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the
touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based
on an analysis of data received from the one or more
accelerometers. Device 100 optionally includes, in addition to
accelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or
GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for
obtaining information concerning the location and orientation
(e.g., portrait or landscape) of device 100.
[0069] In some embodiments, the software components stored in
memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or
set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of
instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132,
haptic feedback module (or set of instructions) 133, text input
module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System
(GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or
sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory
102 stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A
and 3. Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of:
active application state, indicating which applications, if any,
are currently active; display state, indicating what applications,
views or other information occupy various regions of
touch-sensitive display system 112; sensor state, including
information obtained from the device's various sensors and other
input or control devices 116; and location and/or positional
information concerning the device's location and/or attitude.
[0070] Operating system 126 (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX,
OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks)
includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling
and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage
device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates
communication between various hardware and software components.
[0071] Communication module 128 facilitates communication with
other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes
various software components for handling data received by RF
circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g.,
Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling
directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the
Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external
port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as,
or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in
some iPhone.RTM., iPod Touch.RTM., and iPad.RTM. devices from Apple
Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is
a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or
compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone.RTM.,
iPod Touch.RTM., and iPad.RTM. devices from Apple Inc. of
Cupertino, Calif.
[0072] Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with
touch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with display
controller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad
or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes
various software components for performing various operations
related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus),
such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a
finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g.,
the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force
or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of
the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and
determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up
event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives
contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement
of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of
contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude),
velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a
change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact.
These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g.,
one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous
contacts (e.g., "multitouch"/multiple finger contacts). In some
embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156
detect contact on a touchpad.
[0073] Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input
by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have
different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings,
and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is,
optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For
example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a
finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off)
event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as
the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As
another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the
touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event
followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and
subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.
Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally
detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for
the stylus.
[0074] Graphics module 132 includes various known software
components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive
display system 112 or other display, including components for
changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency,
saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are
displayed. As used herein, the term "graphics" includes any object
that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text,
web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft
keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
[0075] In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data
representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally,
assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from
applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be
displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other
graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to
output to display controller 156.
[0076] Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software
components for generating instructions used by tactile output
generator(s) 167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more
locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with
device 100.
[0077] Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of
graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in
various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141,
browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).
[0078] GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and
provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to
telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as
picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide
location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page
widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
[0079] Applications 136 optionally include the following modules
(or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof: [0080]
contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact
list); [0081] telephone module 138; [0082] video conferencing
module 139; [0083] e-mail client module 140; [0084] instant
messaging (IM) module 141; [0085] workout support module 142;
[0086] camera module 143 for still and/or video images; [0087]
image management module 144; [0088] browser module 147; [0089]
calendar module 148; [0090] widget modules 149, which optionally
include one or more of: weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2,
calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary
widget 149-5, and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as
user-created widgets 149-6; [0091] widget creator module 150 for
making user-created widgets 149-6; [0092] search module 151; [0093]
video and music player module 152, which is, optionally, made up of
a video player module and a music player module; [0094] notes
module 153; [0095] map module 154; and/or [0096] online video
module 155.
[0097] Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally,
stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications,
other image editing applications, drawing applications,
presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption,
digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice
replication.
[0098] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, contacts module 137 includes executable
instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g.,
stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in
memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address
book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone
number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other
information with a name; associating an image with a name;
categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or
e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by
telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so
forth.
[0099] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, telephone module 138 includes executable
instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a
telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address
book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a
respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect
or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the
wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of
communications standards, protocols and technologies.
[0100] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor
controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input
module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138,
videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to
initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user
and one or more other participants in accordance with user
instructions.
[0101] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130,
graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client
module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send,
receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In
conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module
140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or
video images taken with camera module 143.
[0102] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130,
graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant
messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a
sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to
modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective
instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS)
or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based
instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification
Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to
receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In
some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages
optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files
and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an
Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, "instant
messaging" refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages
sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages
sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS).
[0103] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130,
graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map
module 154, and music player module 146, workout support module 142
includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with
time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with
workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive
workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout;
select and play music for a workout; and display, store and
transmit workout data.
[0104] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor
controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image
management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable
instructions to capture still images or video (including a video
stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a
still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from
memory 102.
[0105] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management
module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify
(e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present
(e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or
video images.
[0106] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module
147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in
accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to,
receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as
attachments and other files linked to web pages.
[0107] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client
module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes
executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store
calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar
entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user
instructions.
[0108] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module
147, widget modules 149 are mini-applications that are, optionally,
downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks
widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4,
and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the user (e.g.,
user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes
an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style
Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget
includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript
file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
[0109] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module
147, the widget creator module 150 includes executable instructions
to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web
page into a widget).
[0110] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes
executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image,
video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more
search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in
accordance with user instructions.
[0111] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and
browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes
executable instructions that allow the user to download and play
back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more
file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions
to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on
touch-sensitive display system 112, or on an external display
connected wirelessly or via external port 124). In some
embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an
MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
[0112] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable
instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like
in accordance with user instructions.
[0113] In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive
display system 112, display system controller 156, contact module
130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135,
and browser module 147, map module 154 includes executable
instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data
associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and
other points of interest at or near a particular location; and
other location-based data) in accordance with user
instructions.
[0114] In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input
module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147,
online video module 155 includes executable instructions that allow
the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or
download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen 112, or on an
external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124),
send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and
otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as
H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather
than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a
particular online video.
[0115] Each of the above identified modules and applications
correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one
or more functions described above and the methods described in this
application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other
information processing methods described herein). These modules
(i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate
software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets
of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged
in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 optionally
stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified
above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additional modules
and data structures not described above.
[0116] In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation
of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed
exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a
touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device
for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control
devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100
is, optionally, reduced.
[0117] The predefined set of functions that are performed
exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally
include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments,
the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a
main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed
on device 100. In such embodiments, a "menu button" is implemented
using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a
physical push button or other physical input control device instead
of a touchpad.
[0118] FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components
for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some
embodiments, memory 102 (in FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event
sorter 170 (e.g., in operating system 126) and a respective
application 136-1 (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications
136, 137-155, 380-390).
[0119] Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines
the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1
to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170
includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some
embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state
192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on
touch-sensitive display system 112 when the application is active
or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157
is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is
(are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used
by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to
deliver event information.
[0120] In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes
additional information, such as one or more of: resume information
to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface
state information that indicates information being displayed or
that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for
enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of
application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken
by the user.
[0121] Event monitor 171 receives event information from
peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information
about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display
system 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals
interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem
106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s)
168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110).
Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O
subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display
system 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
[0122] In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the
peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response,
peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other
embodiments, peripheral interface 118 transmits event information
only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input
above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a
predetermined duration).
[0123] In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit
view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer
determination module 173.
[0124] Hit view determination module 172 provides software
procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within
one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system 112 displays
more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other
elements that a user can see on the display.
[0125] Another aspect of the user interface associated with an
application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application
views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed
and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a
respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally
correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view
hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in
which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and
the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are,
optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of
the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
[0126] Hit view determination module 172 receives information
related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application
has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination
module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the
hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances,
the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating
sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of
sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit
view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit
view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or
input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
[0127] Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines
which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a
particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active
event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the
hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In
other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173
determines that all views that include the physical location of a
sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines
that all actively involved views should receive a particular
sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch
sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one
particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain
as actively involved views.
[0128] Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information
to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments
including active event recognizer determination module 173, event
dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event
recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination
module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores
in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a
respective event receiver module 182.
[0129] In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event
sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter
170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone
module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as
contact/motion module 130.
[0130] In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality
of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each
of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur
within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each
application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more
event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191
includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other
embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a
separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a
higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods
and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event
handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object
updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from
event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls
data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update
the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of
the application views 191 includes one or more respective event
handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data
updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included
in a respective application view 191.
[0131] A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information
(e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an
event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes
event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments,
event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata
183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include
sub-event delivery instructions).
[0132] Event receiver 182 receives event information from event
sorter 170. The event information includes information about a
sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on
the sub-event, the event information also includes additional
information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event
concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also
includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments,
events include rotation of the device from one orientation to
another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape
orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes
corresponding information about the current orientation (also
called device attitude) of the device.
[0133] Event comparator 184 compares the event information to
predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the
comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or
updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments,
event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event
definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined
sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2
(187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event
187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement,
touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the
definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed
object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch
begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first
lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch
(touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase,
and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In
another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging
on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch
(or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a
movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system 112,
and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the
event also includes information for one or more associated event
handlers 190.
[0134] In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a
definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In
some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to
determine which user-interface object is associated with a
sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three
user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display
system 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display
system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine
which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the
touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a
respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result
of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be
activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event
handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the
hit test.
[0135] In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event
187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event
information until after it has been determined whether the sequence
of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's
event type.
[0136] When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the
series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event
definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an
event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which
it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In
this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active
for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an
ongoing touch-based gesture.
[0137] In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180
includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or
lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform
sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some
embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,
and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are
enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments,
metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists
that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in
the view or programmatic hierarchy.
[0138] In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180
activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or
more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some
embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event
information associated with the event to event handler 190.
Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and
deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some
embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the
recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag
catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
[0139] In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include
sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information
about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the
sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event
handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively
involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of
sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event
information and perform a predetermined process.
[0140] In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates
data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176
updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores
a video file used in video player module 145. In some embodiments,
object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application
136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface
object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI
updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares
display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display
on a touch-sensitive display.
[0141] In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has
access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater
178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and
GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective
application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments,
they are included in two or more software modules.
[0142] It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion
regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive
displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate
multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are
initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse
button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple
keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags,
scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the
device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric
inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as
inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be
recognized.
[0143] FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100
having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112,
FIG. 1A) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen
optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)
200. In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user
is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a
gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202
(not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not
drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of
one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the
one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally
includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right,
right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger
(from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that
has made contact with device 100. In some implementations or
circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select
the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an
application icon optionally does not select the corresponding
application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a
tap.
[0144] Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical
buttons, such as "home" or menu button 204. As described
previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any
application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally
executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the
menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the
touch-screen display.
[0145] In some embodiments, device 100 includes the touch-screen
display, menu button 204, push button 206 for powering the device
on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208,
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212,
and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is,
optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by
depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state
for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing
the button and releasing the button before the predefined time
interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an
unlock process. In some embodiments, device 100 also accepts verbal
input for activation or deactivation of some functions through
microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more
contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts
on touch-sensitive display system 112 and/or one or more tactile
output generators 167 for generating tactile outputs for a user of
device 100.
[0146] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction
device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance
with some embodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some
embodiments, device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a
tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device,
an educational device (such as a child's learning toy), a gaming
system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial
controller). Device 300 typically includes one or more processing
units (CPUs) 310, one or more network or other communications
interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communication buses 320
for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320
optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that
interconnects and controls communications between system
components. Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330
comprising display 340, which is typically a touch-screen display.
I/O interface 330 also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse
(or other pointing device) 350 and touchpad 355, tactile output
generator 357 for generating tactile outputs on device 300 (e.g.,
similar to tactile output generator(s) 167 described above with
reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359 (e.g., optical, acceleration,
proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors
similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 described above with
reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed random access
memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid
state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory,
such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk
storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid
state storage devices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more
storage devices remotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some
embodiments, memory 370 stores programs, modules, and data
structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures
stored in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG.
1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores
additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in
memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100. For example,
memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawing module 380,
presentation module 382, word processing module 384, web site
creation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheet
module 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100
(FIG. 1A) optionally does not store these modules.
[0147] Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 3 are,
optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned
memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to
a set of instructions for performing a function described above.
The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of
instructions) need not be implemented as separate software
programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these
modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in
various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370 optionally
stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified
above. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules
and data structures not described above.
[0148] Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user
interfaces ("UI") that are, optionally, implemented on portable
multifunction device 100.
[0149] FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu
of applications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance
with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally,
implemented on device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400
includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
[0150] Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless
communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals; [0151] Time
404; [0152] Bluetooth indicator 405; [0153] Battery status
indicator 406; [0154] Tray 408 with icons for frequently used
applications, such as: [0155] Icon 416 for telephone module 138,
labeled "Phone," which optionally includes an indicator 414 of the
number of missed calls or voicemail messages; [0156] Icon 418 for
e-mail client module 140, labeled "Mail," which optionally includes
an indicator 410 of the number of unread e-mails; [0157] Icon 420
for browser module 147, labeled "Browser;" and [0158] Icon 422 for
video and music player module 152, also referred to as iPod
(trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152, labeled "iPod;" and [0159]
Icons for other applications, such as: [0160] Icon 424 for IM
module 141, labeled "Messages;" [0161] Icon 426 for calendar module
148, labeled "Calendar;" [0162] Icon 428 for image management
module 144, labeled "Photos;" [0163] Icon 430 for camera module
143, labeled "Camera;" [0164] Icon 432 for online video module 155,
labeled "Online Video;" [0165] Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2,
labeled "Stocks;" [0166] Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled
"Map;" [0167] Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled "Weather;"
[0168] Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled "Clock;"
[0169] Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled "Workout
Support;" [0170] Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled "Notes;"
and [0171] Icon 446 for a settings application or module, which
provides access to settings for device 100 and its various
applications 136.
[0172] It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG.
4A are merely exemplary. For example, in some embodiments, icon 422
for video and music player module 152 is labeled "Music" or "Music
Player." Other labels are, optionally, used for various application
icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application
icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the
respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a
particular application icon is distinct from a name of an
application corresponding to the particular application icon.
[0173] FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device
(e.g., device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451
(e.g., a tablet or touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the
display 450. Device 300 also, optionally, includes one or more
contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 357) for
detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451
and/or one or more tactile output generators 359 for generating
tactile outputs for a user of device 300.
[0174] FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device
(e.g., device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451
(e.g., a tablet or touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the
display 450. Although many of the examples that follow will be
given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112 (where
the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some
embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface
that is separate from the display, as shown in FIG. 4B. In some
embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has
a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) that corresponds to a primary
axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display (e.g., 450). In
accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts
(e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface 451
at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display
(e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to
470). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and
movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate
the user interface on the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the
multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate
from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are,
optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein.
[0175] Additionally, while the following examples are given
primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts,
finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be
understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger
inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a
mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture
is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a
contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the
swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another
example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click
while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture
(e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to
detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are
simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple
computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and
finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
[0176] As used herein, the term "focus selector" refers to an input
element that indicates a current part of a user interface with
which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a
cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a "focus
selector," so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected
on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or
touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B) while the cursor is over a
particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider
or other user interface element), the particular user interface
element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some
implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g.,
touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or the touch screen
in FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface
elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the
touch-screen acts as a "focus selector," so that when an input
(e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the
touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface
element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface
element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in
accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus
is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of
the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or
movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a
tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another
button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in
accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the
user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the
focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface
element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled
by the user so as to communicate the user's intended interaction
with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the
element of the user interface with which the user is intending to
interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a
cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button
while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface
(e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is
intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other
user interface elements shown on a display of the device).
[0177] As used in the specification and claims, the term
"intensity" of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the
force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a
finger contact or a stylus contact) on the touch-sensitive surface,
or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact
on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a
range of values that includes at least four distinct values and
more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least
256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or
measured) using various approaches and various sensors or
combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors
underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are,
optionally, used to measure force at various points on the
touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force
measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a
weighted average or a sum) to determine an estimated force of a
contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is,
optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the
touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact
area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes
thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate
to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the
touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes
thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or
pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some
implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or
pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity
threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is
described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements).
In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact
force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure
and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an
intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity
threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure).
Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input
allows for user access to additional device functionality that may
otherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size
device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g.,
on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g.,
via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a
physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).
[0178] In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of
one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation
has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has
"clicked" on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of
the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software
parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by
the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can
be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100).
For example, a mouse "click" threshold of a trackpad or
touch-screen display can be set to any of a large range of
predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or
touch-screen display hardware. Additionally, in some
implementations a user of the device is provided with software
settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity
thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds
and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once
with a system-level click "intensity" parameter).
[0179] As used in the specification and claims, the term
"characteristic intensity" of a contact refers to a characteristic
of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In
some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple
intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally,
based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of
intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period
(e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a
predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to
detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start
of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the
contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the
contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity
of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is,
optionally based on one or more of: a maximum value of the
intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the
contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top
10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at
the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the
90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like.
In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in
determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the
characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the
contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic
intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds
to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For
example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds may include a
first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this
example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not
exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact
with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity
threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold
results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic
intensity that exceeds the second intensity threshold results in a
third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the
characteristic intensity and one or more intensity thresholds is
used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations
(e.g., whether to perform a respective option or forgo performing
the respective operation) rather than being used to determine
whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.
[0180] In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified
for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For
example, a touch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe
contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end
location (e.g., a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of
the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic
intensity of the contact at the end location may be based on only a
portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe
contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end
location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm may be
applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to
determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For
example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more
of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular
smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an
exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these
smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the
intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a
characteristic intensity.
[0181] The user interface figures described herein optionally
include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity
of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or
more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity
threshold IT.sub.0, a light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L, a
deep press intensity threshold IT.sub.D (e.g., that is at least
initially higher than I.sub.L), and/or one or more other intensity
thresholds (e.g., an intensity threshold I.sub.H that is lower than
I.sub.L)). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the
displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the
interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press
intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device
will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button
of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep
press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the
device will perform operations that are different from operations
typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or
a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a
characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold
(e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold
IT.sub.0 below which the contact is no longer detected), the device
will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the
contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an
operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or
the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise
stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different
sets of user interface figures.
[0182] In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs
detected by the device depends on criteria based on the contact
intensity during the input. For example, for some "light press"
inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a first intensity
threshold during the input triggers a first response. In some
embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected by the
device depends on criteria that include both the contact intensity
during the input and time-based criteria. For example, for some
"deep press" inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second
intensity threshold during the input, greater than the first
intensity threshold for a light press, triggers a second response
only if a delay time has elapsed between meeting the first
intensity threshold and meeting the second intensity threshold.
This delay time is typically less than 200 ms in duration (e.g.,
40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on the magnitude of the second
intensity threshold, with the delay time increasing as the second
intensity threshold increases). This delay time helps to avoid
accidental deep press inputs. As another example, for some "deep
press" inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivity time period that
occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold is
met. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second
intensity threshold is increased. This temporary increase in the
second intensity threshold also helps to avoid accidental deep
press inputs. For other deep press inputs, the response to
detection of a deep press input does not depend on time-based
criteria.
[0183] In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity
thresholds and/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or
more factors, such as user settings, contact motion, input timing,
application running, rate at which the intensity is applied, number
of concurrent inputs, user history, environmental factors (e.g.,
ambient noise), focus selector position, and the like. Exemplary
factors are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.
14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which are incorporated by reference
herein in their entireties.
[0184] For example, FIG. 4C illustrates a dynamic intensity
threshold 480 that changes over time based in part on the intensity
of touch input 476 over time. Dynamic intensity threshold 480 is a
sum of two components, first component 474 that decays over time
after a predefined delay time p1 from when touch input 476 is
initially detected, and second component 478 that trails the
intensity of touch input 476 over time. The initial high intensity
threshold of first component 474 reduces accidental triggering of a
"deep press" response, while still allowing an immediate "deep
press" response if touch input 476 provides sufficient intensity.
Second component 478 reduces unintentional triggering of a "deep
press" response by gradual intensity fluctuations of in a touch
input. In some embodiments, when touch input 476 satisfies dynamic
intensity threshold 480 (e.g., at point 481 in FIG. 4C), the "deep
press" response is triggered.
[0185] FIG. 4D illustrates another dynamic intensity threshold 486
(e.g., intensity threshold I.sub.D). FIG. 4D also illustrates two
other intensity thresholds: a first intensity threshold I.sub.H and
a second intensity threshold I.sub.L. In FIG. 4D, although touch
input 484 satisfies the first intensity threshold I.sub.H and the
second intensity threshold I.sub.L prior to time p2, no response is
provided until delay time p2 has elapsed at time 482. Also in FIG.
4D, dynamic intensity threshold 486 decays over time, with the
decay starting at time 488 after a predefined delay time p1 has
elapsed from time 482 (when the response associated with the second
intensity threshold I.sub.L was triggered). This type of dynamic
intensity threshold reduces accidental triggering of a response
associated with the dynamic intensity threshold I.sub.D immediately
after, or concurrently with, triggering a response associated with
a lower intensity threshold, such as the first intensity threshold
I.sub.H or the second intensity threshold I.sub.L.
[0186] FIG. 4E illustrate yet another dynamic intensity threshold
492 (e.g., intensity threshold I.sub.D). In FIG. 4E, a response
associated with the intensity threshold I.sub.L is triggered after
the delay time p2 has elapsed from when touch input 490 is
initially detected. Concurrently, dynamic intensity threshold 492
decays after the predefined delay time p1 has elapsed from when
touch input 490 is initially detected. So a decrease in intensity
of touch input 490 after triggering the response associated with
the intensity threshold I.sub.L, followed by an increase in the
intensity of touch input 490, without releasing touch input 490,
can trigger a response associated with the intensity threshold
I.sub.D (e.g., at time 494) even when the intensity of touch input
490 is below another intensity threshold, for example, the
intensity threshold I.sub.L.
[0187] An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from
an intensity below the light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L to
an intensity between the light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L
and the deep press intensity threshold IT.sub.D is sometimes
referred to as a "light press" input. An increase of characteristic
intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press
intensity threshold IT.sub.D to an intensity above the deep press
intensity threshold IT.sub.D is sometimes referred to as a "deep
press" input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the
contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity
threshold IT.sub.0 to an intensity between the contact-detection
intensity threshold IT.sub.0 and the light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L is sometimes referred to as detecting the
contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic
intensity of the contact from an intensity above the
contact-detection intensity threshold IT.sub.0 to an intensity
below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT.sub.0 is
sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the
touch-surface. In some embodiments IT.sub.0 is zero. In some
embodiments, IT.sub.0 is greater than zero. In some illustrations a
shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact
on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations, a circle or
oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the
touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the
respective contact.
[0188] In some embodiments, described herein, one or more
operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that
includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the
respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a
plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is
detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in
intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a
press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the
respective operation is performed in response to detecting the
increase in intensity of the respective contact above the
press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is
performed on a "down stroke" of the respective press input). In
some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity
of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold
and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the
press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is
performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in
intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold
(e.g., the respective operation is performed on an "up stroke" of
the respective press input).
[0189] In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis
to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed "jitter," where the
device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a
predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold
(e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units
lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis
intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of
the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments,
the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective
contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent
decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity
threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold,
and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting
the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact
below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective
operation is performed on an "up stroke" of the respective press
input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected
only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the
contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity
threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity
threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of
the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity,
and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting
the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or
the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the
circumstances).
[0190] For ease of explanation, the description of operations
performed in response to a press input associated with a
press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture
including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to
detecting: an increase in intensity of a contact above the
press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a
contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold
to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a
decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input
intensity threshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact
below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the
press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an
operation is described as being performed in response to detecting
a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input
intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in
response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below
a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than,
the press-input intensity threshold. As described above, in some
embodiments, the triggering of these responses also depends on
time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delay time has elapsed
between a first intensity threshold being met and a second
intensity threshold being met).
User Interfaces and Associated Processes
[0191] Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user
interfaces ("UI") and associated processes that may be implemented
on an electronic device, such as portable multifunction device 100
or device 300, with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one
or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface.
[0192] FIGS. 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for
content navigation and manipulation in accordance with some
embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to
illustrate the processes described below, including the processes
in FIGS. 6A-6B, 7A-7C, 8A-8C, 9A-9D, and 10A-10C. For convenience
of explanation, some of the embodiments will be discussed with
reference to operations performed on a device with a
touch-sensitive display system 112. In such embodiments, the focus
selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a
representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact
(e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated
with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts
detected on the touch-sensitive display system 112. However,
analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a
display 450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface 451 in response
to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface 451 while
displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display
450, along with a focus selector.
[0193] FIGS. 5A-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for
manipulating content items depending on the intensity (e.g.,
pressure) applied by a contact during a user gesture in accordance
with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are
used to illustrate the processes described below, including the
processes described below with reference to FIGS. 6A-6B.
[0194] FIGS. 5A-5K illustrate exemplary user interfaces that
perform certain actions based on intensity characteristics of a
user input (e.g., contact) in accordance with some embodiments.
[0195] For example, FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate an exemplary user
interface of a device 100 that performs certain actions (e.g.,
scrolls through a content item) when a contact intensity of a user
input does not exceed a predetermined threshold, in accordance with
some embodiments. Alternatively, FIGS. 5D-5H illustrate an
exemplary user interface that performs alternate actions (e.g.,
replaces a content item with another content item) when the contact
intensity exceeds a predetermined threshold, in accordance with
some embodiments. Lastly, FIG. 5K illustrates an exemplary user
interface that displays a preview of a selectable affordance when
certain criteria of the user input are met.
[0196] Turning now to FIG. 5A, FIG. 5A illustrates a user interface
of device 100 before device 100 performs certain actions (e.g.,
scrolls through a content item) based on characteristics of the
user input. The device 100 displays a content item (e.g., content
item 502) on a display. In some embodiments, content item 502 is an
email message in an email application including an email content
section 502a, an email title section 502b, and an email header
section 502c. While the examples shown in FIGS. 5A-5K illustrate
content item 502 as an email message, in some embodiments, content
item 502 may be other content items, including web pages, books,
images, text, among other types. In some embodiments, content item
502 is associated with a sequence of content items, such as
plurality of electronic messages in an electronic messaging
application, a plurality of web browser windows (or tabbed windows)
in a web browser, a plurality of applications, a plurality of
digital images in a set of images (e.g., a single album or
collection in a photo or camera application), or a plurality of
sets of digital images (e.g., a plurality of albums or collections
of photos in a photo or camera application). In some embodiments,
the sequence of content items corresponds to a plurality of content
sections, such as a plurality of conversations in a messaging or
email application, a plurality of weeks (or months or years) in a
calendar application, a plurality of chapters in a book, a
plurality of scenes in a video, or a plurality of events in a
digital image library.
[0197] In addition to the email message, the device 100 also
displays other components of the email application, including an
email tool bar 503. The email tool bar 503 includes selectable
affordances (e.g., a left-arrow 504, an up-arrow 506, and a
down-arrow 508). A section label (e.g., "inbox") is associated with
the left-arrow. In some embodiments, when a user selects a
selectable affordance (e.g., the left arrow 504), as shown via user
input 511 in FIG. 5I, the device 100 displays a plurality of
content items (e.g., email messages 502, 518, 520a, 520b, and 520c,
associated with a user's inbox) on the display (e.g., touch screen
112), as shown in FIG. 5J. When a user selects the up-arrow 506,
the email application displays a content item preceding the
currently-displayed content item 502 (e.g., a preceding email
message in the user's inbox). When a user selects the down-arrow
508, the device 100 displays a content item following the
currently-displayed content item 502 (e.g., a successive email
message in the user's inbox).
[0198] FIG. 5B illustrates a user interface, subsequent to FIG. 5A,
after the device 100 detects a user input 510 (e.g., a contact) on
the content item 502 and before the device 100 performs certain
actions (e.g., scrolls through a content item) based on
characteristics of the user input, in accordance with some
embodiments. In some embodiments, the device 100 detects movement
(e.g., press, flick, swipe) and/or intensity (e.g., contact, light,
deep) of user input 510. For illustrative purposes, and not part of
the device 100, user inputs are represented as a circle on device
100, where the density of the dots speckled within the circle
represents the intensity exerted by the user. In FIG. 5B, the dots
speckled within the circle are low density, meaning the user is
exerting low pressure. Also, for illustrative purposes, and not
part of the device 100, some of FIGS. 5B-5K include an intensity
diagram 501 indicating the intensity of a user input determined by
the device 100. The intensity diagram 501 includes a plurality of
exemplary thresholds (e.g., contact detection threshold IT.sub.0,
"hint" threshold IT.sub.H, light press threshold IT.sub.L, and deep
press threshold IT.sub.D). In FIG. 5B, because the user is exerting
low intensity that falls between the contact detection threshold
IT.sub.0 and "hint" threshold IT.sub.H, the intensity diagram
includes shading that rises to a level between these two
thresholds. In subsequent Figures, the amount of shading in the
intensity diagram indicates the intensity exerted by a user at a
user input. Lastly, for illustrative purposes, and not part of the
device 100, user input movement (e.g., movement of the contact of
the user input on the touch-sensitive surface) is represented as a
vector (e.g., vector 512, FIG. 5B), where the direction of the
vector represents the direction of the user input movement and the
magnitude of the vector represents the amount of movement of the
user input (e.g., user input 510, FIG. 5B).
[0199] The device 100 is configured to navigate a content item or
replace a content item with another content item based on the
received user input. In response to detecting a user input, the
device 100 determines whether the user input meets item-switching
criteria. The item-switching criteria includes a criterion that is
met when a characteristic intensity of a contact in the user input
is above a first intensity threshold (e.g., "hint" threshold
IT.sub.H, light press threshold IT.sub.L, or deep press threshold
IT.sub.D). In some embodiments, if the characteristic intensity of
the user input is below the first intensity threshold, the device
100 navigates or scrolls through the content of the content item
502 in accordance with the movement of the user input.
[0200] For example, in FIG. 5B, the characteristic intensity of the
user input 510, as shown in the intensity diagram 501, is below a
first intensity threshold associated with item-switching criteria
(e.g., light press threshold IT.sub.L). In some embodiments, the
device 100 detects movement 512 of the user input in a respective
direction on touch screen 112 and navigates or scrolls through the
content of the content item 502 in accordance with the movement of
the user input 510. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5B, the
user input 510 is a swipe/drag gesture that is made with a contact.
In some embodiments, the swipe/drag gesture includes movement of
the contact from a first position (e.g., position 510-1) on the
touch-sensitive surface to a second position (e.g., position 510-2)
on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the swipe/drag
gesture is a vertical swipe gesture (as shown in FIG. 5B). In some
embodiments, the swipe gesture is a horizontal swipe gesture.
[0201] In some embodiments, when the device 100 detects the user
input 510 and the characteristic intensity of the user input 510 is
below the first intensity threshold (e.g., light press threshold
IT.sub.L), the device 100 displays a scroll bar 514 indicating the
location of the portion of content displayed to the user relative
to the entire content item 502. As the device 100 navigates through
the content of the content item 502 and displays different content
portions of the content item, the device 100 moves the scroll bar
514 to different positions relative to the content portion of the
content item displayed to the user.
[0202] For example, FIG. 5C illustrates a user interface,
subsequent to FIG. 5B, of a device 100 after the device 100
performs certain actions (e.g., scrolls through a content item)
based on characteristics of the user input, in accordance with some
embodiments. As shown, the user input 510 moved to second position
510-2 from first position 510-1. In response to the movement of the
user input 510, the device 100 navigates through the content of the
content item 502 and displays a second content portion of the
content item 502, where the second content portion is different
from the first content portion. In addition, the device 100 moves
the scroll bar 514 to a second position that is different from the
position of the scroll bar 514 in FIG. 5B.
[0203] In some embodiments, the device 100 scrolls the content in a
direction on the display in an opposite direction relative to the
movement of the user input 510. In some embodiments, the device 100
scrolls the content in a direction on the display in a same
direction relative to the movement of the user input 510. In some
embodiments, navigating through the content of the first content
item includes directly manipulating the displayed content of the
first content item in accordance with the movement of the contact.
For example, the movement (e.g., speed, direction, and/or distance)
of the content, when scrolled, tracks the movement of the
contact.
[0204] In some embodiments, the device 100 maintains display of a
first portion of the first content item in a first user interface
region on the display; and navigates (e.g., scrolls) through a
second portion of the first content item in a second user interface
region on the display. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5B-5C, when
scrolling the content within a content item 502, a portion of the
content item (e.g., email tool bar 503) is fixed relative to the
content (e.g., the body 502a of content item 502 and the email
title section 502b of content item 502).
[0205] FIG. 5D-5I illustrate certain actions (e.g., replacing
content item 502 with another content item), performed by the
device 100 when the user input meets item-switching criteria, in
accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, if the
characteristic intensity of the user input is above a first
intensity threshold (e.g., "hint" threshold IT.sub.H, light press
threshold IT.sub.L, or deep press threshold IT.sub.D), the device
100 replaces display of the content item 502 with display of a
second content item 518 (e.g., a different content item distinct
from the content item 502). In some embodiments, the device 100
replaces display of the content item 502 with display of second
content item 518 in accordance with other criteria being met as
well. For example, as shown in FIG. 5E, the device initiates
replacing display of the first content item with a second content
item when a user input is detected with an increase in contact
intensity in conjunction with at least a minimum amount of movement
of the contact.
[0206] FIG. 5D is analogous to FIG. 5A. FIGS. 5E-5I illustrate
operations performed by device 100 in response to detecting a user
input 513.
[0207] FIG. 5E shows user input 513, which is analogous to user
input 510 (FIGS. 5B-5C) except that user input 513 has an intensity
that exceeds a "hint" threshold IT.sub.H. In response, the device
100 reduces (e.g., decreases) the size of content item 502 (e.g.,
zooms-out on content item 502 in a z-direction). In some
embodiments, the zooming out of content item 502 provides a hint to
the user that user input 513 will result in different functionality
by virtue of being a deeper press (e.g., as compared to user input
510, FIGS. 5B-5C). In some embodiments, the size reduction of
content item 502 is directly controllable by the user, e.g., via
the intensity of the user input 513. So, for example, as the user
increases the contact intensity of a user input 513 toward the
light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L (as shown in intensity
diagram 501), the content item 502 zooms-out (e.g., reduces in
size). If the user subsequently slightly reduces the intensity of
the contact of the user input 513, the content item 502 zooms back
in. In some embodiments, a plurality of intensity levels within the
vicinity of the light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L (e.g., a
plurality of intensity levels between IT.sub.H and IT.sub.L) map to
a plurality of corresponding zoom levels (e.g., sizes) of content
item 502. Thus, the user feels as though she is pushing the first
content item back in the z-direction by pushing harder on the
contact. In some embodiments, as a result of reducing the size of
the first content item, a region 516 beyond an edge of the content
item 502 is displayed (e.g., a background area that is a different
color or pattern than a color or pattern of the background of the
content item 502), illustrating to the user that the content item
502 has been pushed back in the z-direction.
[0208] In some embodiments, the device 100 transitions to replacing
display of the first content item with a second content item in
response to a user input (e.g., replacing content item 502 with
another content item) when the characteristic intensity exceeds the
light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L (e.g., an intensity
threshold that is greater than the "hint" threshold IT.sub.H). In
some embodiments, the user can zoom-in to or zoom-out from the
content item 502 if the characteristic intensity exceeds the "hint"
threshold IT.sub.H and does not exceed the light press threshold
IT.sub.L. However, in some embodiments, the device 100 does not
transition to another content item until the characteristic
intensity exceeds the light press threshold IT.sub.L. Thus, in some
embodiments, there is a range of intensities for which device 100
provides a hint that content item replacement will be performed
based on the intensity of the contact (as well as other optional
criteria), but does not yet provide that functionality.
[0209] FIG. 5F illustrates a user interface, subsequent to FIG. 5E.
In FIG. 5F, device 100 is replacing content item 502 with second
content item 518, in accordance with some embodiments (e.g., device
100 is displaying a transition between content item 502 and second
content item 518). In some embodiments, device 100 determines
whether to replace content item 502 with second content item 518
based at least in part on the intensity of the user input 513. FIG.
5F illustrates movement of the user input 513 (e.g., represented by
vector 515). As shown, movement of the user input 513 begins at a
first position (e.g., position 513-1) on the touch-sensitive
surface and ends at a second position (e.g., position 513-2) on the
touch-sensitive surface.
[0210] The device 100 transitions from the content item 502 to the
second content item 518 when certain item-switching criteria are
met. In some embodiments, the device 100 transitions from the
content item 502 to second content item 518 when the intensity of
the user input 513 exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., a light
press threshold IT.sub.L). In some embodiments, the device 100
transitions from the content item 502 to second content item 518
when the movement of user input 513 also exceeds a predetermined
movement threshold (e.g., when the device detects a predetermined
amount or distance of movement of the contact that exceeds a
predetermined movement threshold). That is, in some embodiments,
there is a predetermined magnitude of intensity and movement of
user input 513 that is required to be detected by device 100 in
order to cause the device 100 to replace display of content item
502 with display of second content item 518 rather than, e.g.,
scroll content item 502.
[0211] FIG. 5G illustrates the user interface subsequent to FIG.
5F. In FIG. 5G, device 100 has progressed further in replacing
content item 502 with second content item 518 (as compared to FIG.
5F). As shown, the user input 513 moved to second position 513-2
from first position 513-1. In response to the movement of the user
input 513, the device 100 replaces display of the content item 502
with the display of the second content item 518.
[0212] In certain situations, device 100 either replaces display of
the content item 502 or scrolls through content item 502 based on
other characteristics (e.g., timing of intensity or movement) of a
user input. For example, in some embodiments, if an initial
intensity of the contact does not exceed an intensity threshold
(e.g., "hint" threshold IT.sub.H in FIGS. 5B-5C), device 100
scrolls the content item 502 in response to the beginning of the
user input (e.g., an initial portion of a swipe gesture). If later,
during the user input, the contact of the user input exceeds the
intensity threshold, device 100 transitions to displaying a second
content item (as in FIGS. 5E-5H). In some embodiments, the
item-switching criteria are met when the initial intensity of the
contact exceeds the first intensity threshold. In some embodiments,
the item-switching criteria are met when the initial intensity of
the contact exceeds the first intensity threshold while the contact
is moving (e.g., moving above a predetermined velocity threshold).
In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria are not met if the
contact is stationary or is moving below a predetermined velocity
threshold, even if the characteristic intensity of the contact
exceeds the first intensity threshold.
[0213] In some embodiments, the device 100 automatically completes
replacing content item 502 with second content item 518 when the
user has dragged the second content item 518 sufficiently onto
touch screen 112. For example, as shown in FIG. 5G, the user input
513 has moved the midpoint 520 between content item 502 and second
content item 518 past a predetermined positional threshold 517
(e.g., half-way, or a third of the way up touch screen 112). As
shown in FIG. 5H, the user terminates user input 513 (e.g., lifts
off of touch screen 112), but the device 100 continues to animate a
transition to the second content item 518 (FIGS. 5H-5I). In some
embodiments, the predetermined positional threshold may be
positioned at alternative locations on touch screen 112.
[0214] Thus, as shown in FIG. 5D-5I, in some embodiments, replacing
display of the content item 502 with the second content item 518
includes displaying a transition between the content item 502 and
the second content item 518 (e.g., in which content item 502
zooms-out, slides upward off of touch screen 112 while second
content 518 slides upward onto touch screen 112, and second content
item 518 zooms-in to complete the animated transition). The
transition includes concurrently displaying at least a portion of
the content item 502 and at least a portion of the second content
item 518 (as shown in FIGS. 5E-5G, for example). In some
embodiments, the transition is dynamically controlled by the user
input 513 (e.g., the user can directly manipulate the progress of
the transition via user input 513). FIG. 5I also illustrates user
input 511 corresponding to selection of affordance 504.
[0215] FIG. 5J illustrates the result of user input 511, namely
that the device 100 navigates back to a user interface showing a
list view of the user's emails (including content item 502, content
item 518, and additional emails 520a through 520c). FIG. 5J
illustrates that, in some embodiments, the second content item 518
is sequentially adjacent to the content item 502 (e.g. in the
sequence of content items, as shown in FIG. 5J) and is selected
based on the respective direction of the movement of the user input
513. That is, in some embodiments, a deep swipe transitions to the
next email or previous email depending on the swipe direction,
while a normal swipe (e.g., a swipe with a characteristic intensity
below a predefined threshold) scrolls the currently displayed
email.
[0216] FIG. 5K illustrates an exemplary user interface that
displays a preview of a selectable affordance when certain
intensity criteria of the user input are met.
[0217] In some embodiment, device 100 detects a user input 519 that
is stationary (e.g., includes movement of a contact that is less
than a predefined threshold) and over a selectable affordance but
is otherwise analogous to user input 513 (e.g., the contact
intensity of user input 519 is above the first intensity threshold
associated with item-switching criteria, such as light press
threshold IT.sub.L). In response to user input 519, the device 100
displays a preview area 521 of content that corresponds to the
selectable affordance overlaid on the content item 502. Thus, in
some embodiments, a press input over a selectable affordance within
content item 502, where the press input has an intensity above
IT.sub.L, triggers different functionality than a swipe/drag over
content item 502, where the swipe/drag has an intensity above
IT.sub.L.
[0218] FIGS. 5L-5U illustrate exemplary user interfaces for
reordering list items in accordance with some embodiments. The user
interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes
described below, including the processes described below with
reference to FIGS. 7A-7C.
[0219] FIG. 5L illustrates a portion of a list of items, in
accordance with some embodiments. A list of items 532 includes
items 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, 544, 546, and 548, as indicated at
FIGS. 5L-5U. In FIG. 5L, a portion of the list of items including
items 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, and 544 is presented on touch screen
112.
[0220] FIGS. 5M-5N illustrate scrolling of list of items 532 when
movement is detected while a characteristic intensity of the
contact remains below a first intensity threshold.
[0221] In FIG. 5M, a contact is received at touch screen 112 at a
location indicated by focus selector 550. The contact moves across
touch screen 112 along a path indicated by arrow 552. A portion of
list 532, including items 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, and 544, is
presented on touch screen 112. As the movement of the contact
occurs, list 532 is scrolled in the direction of movement of the
contact. A currently viewed position within list 532 (e.g.,
relative to the overall length of list 532) is indicated by scroll
position indicator 554. In FIG. 5M, the characteristic intensity of
the contact is between a contact detecting intensity threshold
IT.sub.0 and a hint intensity threshold IT.sub.H, as indicated by
intensity meter 530.
[0222] In FIG. 5N, list 532 has been scrolled in accordance with
the movement of the contact from an initial position as indicated
by focus selector 550a (e.g., focus selector 550 at a first point
in time) to a subsequent position as indicated by focus selector
550b (e.g., focus selector 550 at a second point in time that is
later than the first point in time) along the path indicated by
arrow 552. As a result of the changed currently viewed position
within list 532 due to movement of the contact, a second portion of
list 532, including items 546 and 548, is presented. Items 542 and
544 of list 532 are no longer visible. Scroll position indicator
554 is shown at a higher position in the user interface of 5N than
the position of scroll position indicator 554 in the user interface
of 5M.
[0223] FIG. 5O illustrates a changed appearance of an item, in
accordance with some embodiments. The contact is at the location of
item 534, as indicated by focus selector 550. The contact moves
across touch screen 112 along a path indicated by arrow 556. The
characteristic intensity of the contact is above a hint intensity
threshold IT.sub.H, as indicated by intensity meter 530. The
appearance of item 534 is changed (e.g., a rectangular outline is
shown around item 534 to highlight the item). In response to the
increase of the characteristic intensity of the contact above
intensity threshold IT.sub.H followed by the movement of the
contact, the appearance of item 534 has changed (e.g., to indicate
to the user that item 534 is detachable from list 532 and/or on the
verge of detachment).
[0224] FIGS. 5P-5U illustrate moving an item relative to other
items, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0225] In FIG. 5P, the contact moves across touch screen 112 from
the location indicated by focus selector 550 along a path indicated
by arrow 556. The characteristic intensity of the contact is above
a hint intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as indicated by intensity
meter 530. In response to the increase of the characteristic
intensity of the contact above intensity threshold IT.sub.L
followed by the movement of the contact along the path indicated by
arrow 556, item 534 has moved (from the position of item 534 as
shown in FIGS. 5N-5O) relative to the other items 536, 538, 540,
546, and 548.
[0226] FIGS. 5P-5R illustrate movement of item 534 that lags
movement of the contact as the focus selector 550 moves across
touch screen 112 along the path indicated by arrow 556.
[0227] In FIG. 5P, item 534 has detached from list 532. The
detachment of item 534 from list 532 is indicated by, e.g., changes
in the appearance of item 534 (such as a reduced size of item 534
relative to the other items in list 532) and changes in the
position of item 532 (such as a vertical and/or z-axis shifting of
item 534 relative to the previous location of item 534 shown in
FIGS. 5L-5O). A first item slot 558 is partially revealed as a
result of the movement of item 534.
[0228] In FIGS. 5P-5Q, as the contact moves along a first portion
of the path indicated by arrow 556 (as indicated by the movement of
focus selector 550 from the location shown in FIG. 5P to the
location of focus selector 550 shown in FIG. 5Q), item 534 remains
static (or moves more slowly than focus selector 550). In FIG. 5Q,
focus selector 550 extends below the lower edge of item 534. In
FIG. 5R, as focus selector 550 has continued the movement along a
second portion of the path indicated by arrow 556, item 534 has
accelerated (e.g., to "catch up" with focus selector 550) and focus
selector 550 is again shown in the center of item 534. The
characteristic intensity of the contact is above a light press
intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as indicated by intensity meter 530.
In response to the increase of the characteristic intensity of the
contact above intensity threshold IT.sub.L followed by the movement
of the contact along the path indicated by arrow 556, item 534 has
moved (from the position of item 534 as shown in FIGS. 5N-5O)
relative to the other items 536, 538, 540, 546, and 548.
[0229] In FIG. 5S, as focus selector 550 has moved along the path
indicated by arrow 556 from a location indicated by focus selector
550c (focus selector 550c at a point in time) to a location
indicated by focus selector 550d (focus selector 550 at a point in
time later than the time of 550c), item 534 has continued to move
relative to item 536 such that item 534 has moved "over" item 536.
Item 536 has moved into first item slot 558 (that was previously
occupied by item 534 prior to the detachment of item 534 from list
532). A second item slot 560 is revealed. As a result of the
movement of item 536 into first item slot 558 and the revelation of
second item slot 560, tactile feedback (as indicated at 562) is
generated.
[0230] In FIG. 5T1, item 534 is shown inserted into second item
slot 560. Item 534 is inserted into second item slot 560, e.g., as
a result of lift off of the contact from touch screen 112 while
second item slot 560 is revealed (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5S).
[0231] FIGS. 5T2-5U illustrate scrolling of list 532 that occurs in
response to item 534 moving within a threshold distance of the end
of the displayed portion of list 532.
[0232] In FIG. 5T2, the contact moves (e.g., continuing from the
movement of the contact as indicated in FIG. 5S) from the location
indicated by focus selector 550 along a path indicated by arrow 564
toward a lower end 566 of the displayed portion of list 532.
[0233] In FIG. 5U, as a result of movement of the contact to a
location that is within a threshold distance of the lower end 566
of the displayed portion of the list 532, the list 532 is scrolled
toward upper end 568 of the displayed portion of the list 532,
revealing items 542 and 544 that were not visible in FIG. 5T2.
Scroll position indicator 554 is shown at a lower position in the
user interface of 5U than the position of scroll position indicator
554 in the user interface of 5T2. As a result of the movement of
item 544 into a new item slot and the revelation of previous item
slot 570 for item 544 (which previously occupied previous item slot
570), tactile feedback (as indicated at 562) is generated.
[0234] FIGS. 5V-5CC illustrate exemplary user interfaces for
navigating structured content in accordance with some embodiments.
The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the
processes described below, including the processes described below
with reference to FIGS. 8A-8C.
[0235] FIG. 5V illustrates a first portion (e.g., Chapter 3) of
structured content 572 (e.g., the book The Jungle Book by Rudyard
Kipling) displayed by touch screen 112.
[0236] FIG. 5W-5X illustrate translation of structured content 572
in accordance with movement of a contact, in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0237] In FIG. 5W, a contact with touch screen 112 is detected at a
location indicated by focus selector 574. The contact moves across
touch screen 112 along a path indicated by arrow 578. A
characteristic intensity of the contact is between a contact
detecting intensity threshold IT.sub.0 and a hint intensity
threshold IT.sub.H, as indicated by intensity meter 530. A
currently viewed position within structured content 572 (e.g.,
relative to the overall length of structured content 572) is
indicated by scroll position indicator 576.
[0238] In FIG. 5X, structured content 572 has been scrolled in
accordance with the movement of the contact from an initial
position as indicated by focus selector 574a (e.g., focus selector
574 at a first point in time) to a subsequent position as indicated
by focus selector 574b (e.g., focus selector 574 at a second point
in time that is later than the first point in time) along the path
indicated by arrow 578. As a result of the changed currently viewed
position within structured content 572 due to movement of the
contact, structured content 572 is translated. Scroll position
indicator 576 is shown at a lower position in the user interface of
5X than the position of scroll position indicator 576 in the user
interface of 5 W (e.g., to indicate the advanced position of the
currently viewed position within structured content 572 as a result
of the translation).
[0239] FIGS. 5Y-5Z illustrate applying a visual effect to
structured content 572 and presenting a scroll bar including a
scroll position indicator 576, in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0240] In FIG. 5Y, a contact is received on touch screen 112 at a
location indicated by focus selector 574. The characteristic
intensity of the contact is below intensity threshold IT.sub.H, as
indicated by intensity meter 530. Scroll position indicator 576 is
shown (e.g., in response to the increase in the characteristic
intensity of the contact to above IT.sub.0) to indicate a position
of the displayed portion of structured content 572 within
structured content 572.
[0241] In FIG. 5Z, the intensity of the contact has increased from
below hint intensity threshold level IT.sub.H, as indicated by
intensity meter 530 of FIG. 5Y, to above intensity threshold
IT.sub.H, as indicated by intensity meter 530 of FIG. 5Z. The
contact moves across touch screen 112 along a path indicated by
arrow 580. In response to the increase in the characteristic
intensity of the contact (e.g., the increase above intensity level
IT.sub.H) and the movement of the contact, a visual effect is
applied to the displayed section of structured content 572. The
applied visual effect includes shrinking the displayed portion of
structured content 572 and pushing the displayed portion of
structured content 572 to a lower z-level on touch screen display
112.
[0242] In response to the increase in the characteristic intensity
of the contact (e.g., the increase above intensity level IT.sub.H),
as indicated in FIG. 5Z, section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588
are presented along with scroll position indicator 576. Section
indicator 586 (which is the closest of the section indicators to
scroll position indicator 576), corresponds to the displayed
portion ("Chapter 3") of structured content 572. Section indicators
582 and 584 correspond to portions (e.g., Chapters 1 and 2,
respectively) of structured content 573 prior to the displayed
portion. Section indicator 588 corresponds to a portion (e.g.,
Chapter 4) of structured content 573 following the displayed
portion.
[0243] FIGS. 5AA-5BB illustrate translating structured content 572
to show a start of a next section, in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0244] In FIG. 5AA, a characteristic intensity of the contact has
increased from below hint intensity threshold level IT.sub.L, as
indicated by intensity meter 530 of FIG. 5Z, to above light press
intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as indicated by intensity meter 530
of FIG. 5AA. In response to the increase in the characteristic
intensity of the contact and the movement of the contact along the
path indicated by arrow 580, and because the characteristic
intensity of the contact increased above light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L, structured content 572 is translated to display
a start of an adjacent section. For example, as described with
regard to FIG. 5BB, a next section ("Chapter 4") is displayed,
e.g., in accordance with the direction of the movement of the
contact indicated by arrow 580. Section indicators 582, 584, 586,
and 588 are spread from initial positions, as shown in FIG. 5Z, to
adjusted positions, as shown in FIG. 5AA. In FIG. 5AA, that
distances between adjacent section indicators are greater than the
distances between the initial positions of section indicators as
shown in FIG. 5Z.
[0245] In FIG. 5BB, the contact has moved from a position indicated
by focus selector 574c (focus selector 574 at a position in time)
to a position indicated by focus selector 574d (focus selector 574
at a position in time that is later than the time of 574c). A next
section ("Chapter 4") of structured content 572 is displayed.
Scroll position indicator 576 has moved from a position adjacent to
section indicator 586, as indicated in FIG. 5AA, to a position
adjacent to section indicator 588 (e.g., the scroll position
indicator has "hopped" over section indicator 588), as indicated in
FIG. 5BB, to indicate the occurrence of the translation to the
adjacent section.
[0246] FIG. 5CC illustrates a displayed next section of structured
content 572 after liftoff of the contact has occurred, in
accordance with some embodiments. In response to the liftoff of the
contact, scroll position indicator 576 and section indicators 582,
584, 586, and 588 are no longer displayed. Structured content 572
is returned to its initial size (e.g., the adjacent section is
displayed at the same size of the section of structured content 572
displayed in FIG. 5Y).
[0247] FIGS. 5DD-5TT illustrate exemplary user interfaces for
moving content on a display in accordance with some embodiments.
The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the
processes described below, including the processes in FIGS. 9A-9D
and 10A-10C.
[0248] FIGS. 5DD-5GG illustrate content scrolling (FIGS. 5DD and
5EE) and movement of content occurring in response to lift-off of a
contact (FIGS. 5FF and 5GG) when a detected characteristic
intensity of a contact has a first intensity prior to lift-off, in
accordance with some embodiments.
[0249] In FIG. 5DD, a contact is detected at touch on touch screen
112 at a location indicated by focus selector 594. The contact
moves along a path indicated by arrow 598. A first portion of
content 592 (the poem "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe) is presented
on touch screen display 112. As the movement of the contact occurs,
content 592 is scrolled (e.g., in the direction of movement of the
contact). A currently viewed position within content 592 (e.g.,
relative to the overall length of content 592) is indicated by
scroll position indicator 596. In FIG. 5DD, the intensity of the
contact is between a contact-detection intensity threshold IT.sub.0
and a hint intensity threshold IT.sub.H, as indicated by intensity
meter 530.
[0250] In FIG. 5EE, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance
with the movement of the contact from an initial position as
indicated by focus selector 594a (e.g., focus selector 594 at a
first point in time) to a subsequent position as indicated by focus
selector 594b (e.g., focus selector 594 at a second point in time
that is later than the first point in time) along the path
indicated by arrow 598. In accordance with the changed currently
viewed position within content 592, scroll position indicator 596
is shown at a lower position in 5EE than the position of scroll
position indicator 596 in 5DD.
[0251] In FIG. 5FF, following movement of the contact as described
with regard to FIGS. 5DD-5EE, lift-off of the contact from touch
screen 112 has occurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact
following the movement of the contact, the content 592 moves at a
velocity (also referred to herein as "speed") v1, as indicated by
dotted arrow 5100.
[0252] In FIG. 5GG, the movement of content 592 continues at a
reduced velocity v2, as indicated by dotted arrow 5100. The
velocity of the movement is reduced from velocity v1, as indicated
in FIG. 5FF, to velocity v2, as indicated in 5GG, (e.g., to
indicate a friction effect). For example, the movement of the
content slows due to virtual friction between content 592 and the
virtual surface over which content 592 is moving.
[0253] FIGS. 5HH-5KK illustrate content scrolling (FIGS. 5HH and
5II) and movement of content occurring in response to lift-off of a
contact (FIGS. 5JJ and 5KK) when a detected characteristic
intensity of a contact has a second intensity prior to lift-off, in
accordance with some embodiments.
[0254] In FIG. 5HH, a contact is detected at touch on touch screen
112 at a location indicated by focus selector 594. The contact
moves along a path indicated by arrow 5102. A first portion of
content 592 is presented on touch screen display 112. As the
movement of the contact occurs, content 592 is scrolled (e.g., in
the direction of movement of the contact). A currently viewed
position within content 592 (e.g., relative to the overall length
of content 592) is indicated by scroll position indicator 596. In
FIG. 5HH, the intensity of the contact has increased above a light
press intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as indicated by intensity meter
530. Scroll enhancement indicator 5104 is shown (e.g., to indicate
an extent to which the characteristic intensity of the contact is
affecting content scrolling and/or post-lift-off content movement
behavior). For example, the length of scroll enhancement indicator
5104 provides a visual indication of a simulated inertia of content
592 that occurs on lift-off (e.g., the resistance to slowing down
after lift-off from the velocity with which content 592 is moving
in response to the movement of the contact prior to lift-off). In
some embodiments, a simulated inertia is set based on a
characteristic intensity of the contact.
[0255] In FIG. 5II, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance
with the movement of the contact from an initial position as
indicated by focus selector 594c (e.g., focus selector 594 at a
first point in time) to a subsequent position as indicated by focus
selector 594d (e.g., focus selector 594 at a second point in time
that is later than the first point in time) along the path
indicated by arrow 5102. In accordance with the changed currently
viewed position within content 592, scroll position indicator 596
is shown at a lower position in 5II than the position of scroll
position indicator 596 in 5HH.
[0256] In FIG. 5JJ, following movement of the contact as described
with regard to FIGS. 5HH-5II, lift-off of the contact from touch
screen 112 has occurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact
following the movement of the contact, the content 592 moves at a
velocity v3, as indicated by dotted arrow 5106. Compared with the
velocity of movement of content 592 that occurred as indicated in
FIGS. 5FF-5GG, content 592 moves with a greater velocity in FIGS.
5II-5KK (e.g., v3 is greater than v1) in accordance with the higher
characteristic intensity of the contact with touch screen 112 prior
to lift-off as indicated in FIGS. 5HH-5II.
[0257] In FIG. 5KK, the movement of content 592 continues at a
reduced velocity v4, as indicated by dotted arrow 5106. The
velocity of the movement is reduced from velocity v3, as indicated
in FIG. 5JJ, to velocity v4, as indicated in 5KK (e.g., to indicate
a friction effect). Compared with the movement of content 592 that
occurred in response to liftoff as indicated in FIGS. 5FF-5GG,
content 592 moves by a greater distance in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK in
accordance with the higher characteristic intensity of the contact
with touch screen 112 prior to lift-off as indicated in FIGS.
5HH-5II.
[0258] FIGS. 5LL-5OO illustrate content scrolling (FIGS. 5LL and
5MM) and movement of content occurring in response to lift-off of a
contact (FIGS. 5NN and 5OO) when a detected characteristic
intensity of a contact has a third intensity prior to lift-off, in
accordance with some embodiments.
[0259] In FIG. 5LL, a contact is detected on touch screen 112 at a
location indicated by focus selector 594. The contact moves along a
path indicated by arrow 5108. A first portion of content 592 is
presented on touch screen display 112. As the movement of the
contact occurs, content 592 is scrolled (e.g., in the direction of
movement of the contact). A currently viewed position within
content 592 (e.g., relative to the overall length of content 592)
is indicated by scroll position indicator 596. In FIG. 5LL, the
intensity of the contact has increased further above a light press
intensity threshold IT.sub.L, to just below deep press intensity
threshold IT.sub.D (e.g., the characteristic intensity of the
contact indicated in FIG. 5LL exceeds the characteristic intensity
of the contact as indicated in FIG. 5HH), as indicated by intensity
meter 530. Scroll enhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5LL is longer
than scroll enhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5HH (e.g., visually
indicating the speed of the content's motion).
[0260] In FIG. 5MM, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance
with the movement of the contact from an initial position as
indicated by focus selector 594e (e.g., focus selector 594 at a
first point in time) to a subsequent position as indicated by focus
selector 594f (e.g., focus selector 594 at a second point in time
that is later than the first point in time) along the path
indicated by arrow 5108. In accordance with the changed currently
viewed position within content 592, scroll position indicator 596
is shown at a lower position in 5MM than the position of scroll
position indicator 596 in 5LL.
[0261] In FIG. 5NN, following movement of the contact as described
with regard to FIGS. 5LL-5MM, lift-off of the contact from touch
screen 112 has occurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact
following the movement of the contact, the content 592 moves at a
velocity v5, as indicated by dotted arrow 5110. Compared with the
velocity of movement of content 592 that occurred as indicated in
FIGS. 5II-5KK, content 592 moves with a greater velocity in FIGS.
5NN-5OO (e.g., v5 is greater than v3) in accordance with the higher
characteristic intensity of the contact with touch screen 112 prior
to lift-off as indicated in FIGS. 5LL-5MM.
[0262] In FIG. 5OO, the movement of content 592 continues at a
reduced velocity v6, as indicated by dotted arrow 5110. The
velocity of the movement is reduced from velocity v5, as indicated
in FIG. 5NN, to velocity v6, as indicated in 5OO (e.g., to indicate
a friction effect). Compared with the movement of content 592 that
occurred in response to liftoff as indicated in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK,
content 592 moves by a greater distance in FIGS. 5NN-5OO in
accordance with the higher characteristic intensity of the contact
with touch screen 112 prior to lift-off as indicated in FIGS.
5LL-5MM. Scroll enhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5OO is shorter
than scroll enhancement indicator 5104 of FIG. 5NN (e.g., visually
indicating the reduced speed of the content's motion).
[0263] FIGS. 5PP-5RR illustrate scrolling through content 592 to a
predefined portion of the content in response to lift-off of a
contact when the contact had a characteristic intensity above an
intensity threshold prior to the lift-off of the contact, in
accordance with some embodiments.
[0264] In FIG. 5PP, a contact is detected at touch on touch screen
112 at a location indicated by focus selector 594. The contact
moves along a path indicated by arrow 5112. A first portion of
content 592 is presented on touch screen display 112. As the
movement of the contact occurs, content 592 is scrolled (e.g., in
the direction of movement of the contact). A currently viewed
position within content 592 (e.g., relative to the overall length
of content 592) is indicated by scroll position indicator 596. In
FIG. 5PP, the intensity of the contact has increased above a deep
press intensity threshold IT.sub.D, as indicated by intensity meter
530.
[0265] In FIG. 5QQ, content 592 has been scrolled in accordance
with the movement of the contact from an initial position as
indicated by focus selector 594g (e.g., focus selector 594 at a
first point in time) to a subsequent position as indicated by focus
selector 594h (e.g., focus selector 594 at a second point in time
that is later than the first point in time) along the path
indicated by arrow 5112. In accordance with the changed currently
viewed position within content 592, scroll position indicator 596
is shown at a lower position in 5QQ than the position of scroll
position indicator 596 in 5PP.
[0266] In FIG. 5RR, following movement of the contact as described
with regard to FIGS. 5PP-5QQ, lift-off of the contact from touch
screen 112 has occurred. In response to the lift-off of the contact
following the movement of the contact, in accordance with a
determination that the contact had a characteristic intensity above
an intensity threshold (e.g., deep press intensity threshold
IT.sub.D) content 592 is scrolled to a predefined portion (e.g.,
the end of content 592 as indicated by scroll position indicator
596 in 5RR).
[0267] FIG. 5SS illustrates an intensity filter, in accordance with
some embodiments. Solid line indicates a detected intensity of a
contact. Dotted line 5116 indicates a shifted intensity profile
that indicates filtered intensity values based on the detected
intensity values indicated by detected intensity. The intensity
filter shifts an intensity profile of a contact, e.g., by a first
time shift past the lift-off of the contact. For example, lift-off
of the contact occurs at a point in time indicated by
t.sub.lift-off. In some embodiments, a characteristic intensity
value I.sub.C at lift-off is determined from a point on shifted
intensity profile 5116 corresponding to a time t.sub.lift-off when
lift-off of contact from touch screen 112 is detected (e.g., the
time when detected intensity drops to a contact intensity value of
0). In some embodiments, an initial speed for moving content (e.g.,
v1, v3, v5 as indicated in FIG. 5FF, 5JJ, 5NN, respectively) and/or
a steady state speed for scrolling through the content to the
predefined portion (e.g., scrolling to the end of content 592 as
indicated by scroll position indicator 596 in 5RR) are determined
based on a selected intensity value (e.g., I.sub.C) on the shifted
intensity profile 5116.
[0268] FIG. 5TT illustrates a speed filter, in accordance with some
embodiments. Solid line 5118 indicates a detected speed of a
contact. Dotted line 5120 indicates a shifted speed profile that
indicates filtered speed values based on the detected speed values
indicated by detected speed 5118. The speed filter shifts a speed
profile of a contact, e.g., by a first time shift past the lift-off
of the contact. For example, lift-off of the contact occurs at a
point in time indicated by t.sub.lift-off. In some embodiments, a
characteristic speed value V.sub.C at lift-off is determined from a
point on shifted speed profile 5120 corresponding to a time
t.sub.lift-off when lift-off of contact from touch screen 112 is
detected (e.g., the time when detected speed 5118 drops to a
contact speed value of 0). In some embodiments, an initial speed
for moving content (e.g., v1, v3, v5 as indicated in FIG. 5FF, 5JJ,
5NN, respectively) and/or a steady state speed for scrolling
through the content to the predefined portion (e.g., scrolling to
the end of content 592 as indicated by scroll position indicator
596 in 5RR) are determined based on a selected speed value (e.g.,
V.sub.C) on the shifted speed profile 5120.
[0269] FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams illustrating a method 600 of
navigating within and between content items in accordance with some
embodiments. The method 600 is performed at an electronic device
(e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100,
FIG. 1A) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more
sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive
surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display
and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the
display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the
touch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 600 are,
optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is,
optionally, changed.
[0270] As described below, the method 600 provides an efficient way
to navigate within and between content items based on the intensity
of a user input. Such methods reduce the number, extent, and/or
nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient
human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices,
enabling a user to interact with the content item faster and more
efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery
charges.
[0271] In some embodiments, method 600 is performed at an
electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and
one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the
touch-sensitive surface.
[0272] The device displays (602), on the display, content of a
first content item, wherein the first content item is one of a
sequence of content items (e.g., a plurality of content items).
[0273] In some embodiments, the sequence of content items
corresponds (604) to a plurality of electronic messages in an
electronic messaging application (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5J), a
plurality of web browser windows (or tabbed windows) in a web
browser, a plurality of applications, a plurality of digital images
in a set of images (e.g., a single album or collection in a photo
or camera application), or a plurality of sets of digital images
(e.g., a plurality of albums or collections of photos in a photo or
camera application). In some embodiments, the sequence of content
items corresponds to a plurality of content sections, such as a
plurality conversations in a messaging or email application, a
plurality of weeks (or months or years) in a calendar application,
a plurality of chapters in a book, a plurality of scenes in a
video, or a plurality of events in a digital image library.
[0274] The device detects (606) a user input that includes movement
of a contact in a respective direction on the touch-sensitive
surface. In some embodiments, the user input is a swipe gesture
that is made with the contact (e.g., user input 510, FIGS. 5B-5C
and/or user input 513, FIGS. 5E-5G). In some embodiments, the swipe
gesture includes movement of the contact from a first location on
the touch-sensitive surface to a second location on the
touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the swipe gesture is
a vertical swipe gesture. In some embodiments, the swipe gesture is
a horizontal swipe gesture.
[0275] In response (608) to detecting the user input: in accordance
with a determination that the user input meets item-switching
criteria, the device replaces display of the first content item
with display of a second content item (e.g., a different content
item distinct from the first content item) in the sequence of
content items, wherein the item-switching criteria include a
criterion that is met when a characteristic intensity (e.g., a
maximum intensity) of the contact is above a first intensity
threshold (e.g., user input 513, FIGS. 5E-5G results in replacing
display of content item 502 with display of second content
518).
[0276] In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria also
include a criterion that is met when the device detects a
predetermined magnitude (e.g., amount or distance) of movement of
the contact (e.g., FIG. 5E shows movement of user input 513 as a
precondition to replacing display of content item 502 with display
of second content 518). That is, there is a predetermined magnitude
of movement that is required to be detected by the device in order
to cause the device to replace display of the first content item
with display of the second content item. In some embodiments,
slight movement of the contact (e.g., less than the predetermined
magnitude) results in display of a portion of the second content
item and the device then reverts back to displaying the first
content item when the contact terminates.
[0277] In some embodiments, when an initial intensity of the
contact does not exceed the first intensity threshold (e.g.,
IT.sub.L in FIG. 5B), the device scrolls the first content item in
response to the initial user input (e.g., an initial portion of a
swipe gesture). If later during the user input, the contact exceeds
the first intensity threshold, the device then transitions to
displaying the second content item. In some embodiments, the
item-switching criteria are met when the initial intensity of the
contact exceeds the first intensity threshold. In some embodiments,
the item-switching criteria are met when the initial intensity of
the contact exceeds the first intensity threshold while the contact
is moving (e.g., moving above a predetermined velocity threshold).
In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria are not met if the
contact is stationary or is moving below a predetermined velocity
threshold, even if the characteristic intensity of the contact
exceeds the first intensity threshold.
[0278] In response (608) to detecting the user input: in accordance
with a determination that the user input does not meet the
item-switching criteria, the device navigates through the content
of the first content item in accordance with the movement of the
contact (e.g., displaying a second portion of the first content
that is different from the first portion of the content, as shown
in FIGS. 5A-5C).
[0279] In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria includes
(610) a criterion that is met when the characteristic intensity of
the contact exceeds the first intensity threshold after detecting
at least a predetermined threshold amount of movement of the
contact. For example when an increase in intensity from below the
first intensity threshold to above the first intensity threshold is
detected before the user starts swiping (e.g., before the device
detects movement of the contact), the device does not switch
between content items. Conversely, in this example, when the
increase in intensity from below the first intensity threshold to
above the first intensity threshold is detected during the swipe,
the device navigates to the second content item).
[0280] In some embodiments, the second content item is (612)
sequentially adjacent to the first content item (e.g. in the
sequence of content items) and is selected based on the respective
direction of the movement of the contact. In some embodiments,
replacing display of the first content item with the second content
item includes displaying a transition between the first content
item and the second content item. The transition includes
concurrently displaying at least a portion of the first content
item and at least a portion of the second content item and the
transition is dynamically controlled by the user input.
[0281] In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content
item with a second content item in the sequence of content items
includes sliding the first content item off the display in a
direction corresponding to the respective direction and sliding the
second content item onto the display in the direction corresponding
to the respective direction. For example, when the movement of the
contact is principally vertically upwards, the first content item
is slid off the display vertically upwards toward the top of the
display and the second content item is slid onto the display
vertically upwards from the bottom of the display. In some
embodiments, a vertically upward swipe results in forward
navigation in the sequence of content items (e.g. when the first
content item is a photograph, forward navigation results in display
of another photograph that is more recent than the first
photograph) or vice versa. As another example, when the movement of
the contact is principally vertically downwards, the first content
item is slid off the display vertically downwards toward the bottom
of the display and the second content item is slid onto the display
vertically downwards from the top of the display. In some
embodiments, a vertically downwards swipe results in backward
navigation in the sequence of content items (e.g. when the first
content item is a photograph, backward navigation results in
display of another photograph that is less recent than the first
photograph) or vice versa. In some embodiments, the device performs
analogous functionality with respect to horizontal swipes. For
example, a rightward-swipe results in backward navigation with
left-to-right sliding, and a leftward swipe results in forward
navigation with right-to-left sliding or vice versa.
[0282] In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content
item with a second content item includes directly manipulating the
first content item and the second content item in accordance with
the movement of the contact. For example, the movement (e.g.,
speed, direction, and/or position) of the first content item and
the second content item, when sliding on and off the display as
described above, corresponds to (e.g. tracks) the movement of the
contact so that the user feels that she is directly dragging the
second content item onto the display and pushing the first content
item off the display.
[0283] In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the
first content item includes: in accordance with a determination
that the respective direction is a first direction on the
touch-sensitive surface, scrolling (614) the content in a first
direction on the display; and in accordance with a determination
that the respective direction is a second direction on the
touch-sensitive surface, scrolling the content in a second
direction on the display that is different from the first direction
on the display. In some embodiments, navigating through the content
of the first content item includes directly manipulating the
displayed content of the first content item in accordance with the
movement of the contact. For example, the movement (e.g., speed,
direction, and/or distance) of the content, when scrolled, tracks
the movement of the contact. In some embodiments, the scrolling
occurs in the same direction as the sliding of content items on and
off the display that would have occurred, as described above, had
the user input met the item-switching criteria. So, for example, a
vertically upwards swipe that is below the first intensity
threshold results in upward scrolling of the first content item,
while a vertically upward swipe that is above the first intensity
threshold results in sliding the first content item upwards off the
top of the display and sliding the second content item upwards from
the bottom of the display.
[0284] In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the
first content item in accordance with the movement of the contact
includes: maintaining (616) display of a first portion of the first
content item in a first user interface region on the display; and
navigating (e.g., scrolling) through a second portion of the first
content item in a second user interface region on the display. In
some embodiments, when scrolling the content within a content item,
a portion of the content item (e.g., an email header or universal
resource locator (URL) bar) is fixed relative to the content (e.g.,
the body of the content), whereas when switching between the
content items, the whole first content item (e.g., both the first
portion of the first content item and the second portion of the
first content item) scrolls with the content. For example, when
switching between the content items, an email header and/or URL bar
scroll with the corresponding content item.
[0285] In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content
item with the second content item includes displaying (618) a
transition between the first content item and the second content
item; and the transition includes reducing a size of the first
content item. For example, the transition includes zooming out from
the first content item at the start of the transition to indicate
to the user that the device is navigating to the second content
item rather than navigating (e.g., scrolling) within the first
content item. In some embodiments, the progress of the transition
is directly controllable by the user, e.g., via the intensity of
the contact. So, for example, as the user increases the contact
intensity toward the first intensity threshold, the first content
item zooms-out. If the user subsequently reduces the intensity of
the contact slightly, the first content item zooms back in. In some
embodiments, a plurality of intensity levels within the vicinity of
the first intensity threshold map to a plurality of corresponding
zoom levels (e.g., sizes) of the first content item. Thus, the user
feels as though she is pushing the first content item back in the
z-direction by pushing harder on the contact. In some embodiments,
as a result of reducing the size of the first content item, a
region beyond an edge of the first content item is displayed (e.g.,
a background area that is a different color or pattern than a color
or pattern of the background of the first content item,
illustrating to the user that the first content item has been
pushed back in the z-direction, as shown in FIG. 5E).
[0286] In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content
item with the second content item includes displaying (620) a
transition between the first content item and the second content
item; and the transition includes increasing a size of the second
content item (e.g., zooming in on the second content item at the
end of the transition to indicate that navigation to the second
content item is complete). In some embodiments, the progress of the
transition is directly controllable by the user, e.g., via the
intensity of the contact. So, for example, as the user reduces the
contact intensity toward the first intensity threshold, the second
content item zooms-in. If the user subsequently increases the
intensity of the contact slightly, the second content item zooms
back out. In some embodiments, a plurality of intensity levels
within the vicinity of the first intensity threshold map to a
plurality of corresponding zoom levels (e.g., sizes) of the second
content item. For example, the increase in intensity of the contact
from below the first intensity threshold to above the first
intensity threshold causes the device to push the first content
item back. Movement of the contact then drags the second content
item onto the display and pushes the first content item off of the
display, where both the first content item and the second content
item are zoomed-out during dragging (e.g., scrolling). When the
second content item is scrolled onto (e.g., entirely onto the
display, or past a predefined threshold for transitioning to the
second content item), the second content item increases in size
when the intensity is reduced from above the first intensity
threshold to below the first intensity threshold, or when liftoff
of the contact is detected, as shown in FIGS. 5G-5I.
[0287] In some embodiments, while displaying the first content
item, the device detects (622) a second user input at a location
that corresponds to a selectable affordance (e.g., a URL link, data
detected text, or an icon), wherein the second user input includes
a second contact that is stationary on the touch-sensitive surface.
In response to detecting the second user input, in accordance with
a determination that the user input occurs while a focus selector
is at a location that corresponds to a selectable affordance (e.g.,
a URL link, data detected text, or an icon) and the movement of the
contact is less than a predetermined amount (e.g., the contact is
stationary or nearly so), the device displays a preview area of
content that corresponds to the selectable affordance overlaid on
the first content item. In some embodiments, the device determines
whether the contact is moving on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,
the contact moves more than a predetermined amount in a
predetermined time) or whether the contact is stationary (e.g., the
contact moves less than a predetermined amount in a predetermined
time) on the touch-sensitive surface. When the contact is moving,
the device either navigates through the content of the first
content item or replaces display of the first content item with the
second content item depending on whether the user input meets
item-switching criteria, as described above. However, when the
contact is stationary and occurs on or over a selectable
affordance, the device displays a preview (e.g., peeks at a second
user interface that corresponds to the selectable affordance via a
preview window).
[0288] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that
the user input begins at a first edge of the touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., the user input is a flick gesture that starts at the
edge of the touch-sensitive surface, sometimes called an "edge
swipe"), the device performs (624) an operation that is distinct
from both replacing display of the first content item with the
second content item and navigating through the content of the first
content item. For example, for a web browser, the operation
includes displaying a web page from the history of web pages viewed
in the window/tabbed window of the web browser; for an electronic
messaging program, the operation includes displaying (e.g., in
sequence) a plurality of representations of electronic
communications; for a social networking application, the operation
includes displaying a menu with settings for the application.) In
some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the user
input begins at a first edge of the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,
the user input is a flick gesture that starts at the edge of the
touch-sensitive surface) and has a characteristic intensity above a
respective intensity threshold, the device performs a different
operation that is distinct from any of replacing display of the
first user interface with the second user interface, displaying the
second portion of the first user interface, or an operation that is
performed when the characteristic intensity is below the respective
threshold. For example, in response to detecting an edge-swipe with
an intensity above the respective threshold, the device displays a
multitasking user interface for switching between open
applications).
[0289] In some embodiments, after replacing display of the first
content item with the second content item in the sequence of
content items, detecting a second user input that includes movement
of a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to
detecting the second user input: in accordance with a determination
that the second user input meets the item-switching criteria, the
device replaces (626) display of the second content item with a
third content item in the sequence of content items; and in
accordance with a determination that the second user input does not
meet the item-switching criteria, navigating through content of the
second content item in accordance with the movement of the second
contact.
[0290] It should be understood that the particular order in which
the operations in FIGS. 6A-6B have been described is merely
exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order
is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One
of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to
reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be
noted that details of other processes described herein with respect
to other methods described herein (e.g., methods 700, 800, 900, and
1000) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 600
described above with respect to FIGS. 6A-6B. For example, the
contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs,
intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described
above with reference to method 700 optionally have one or more of
the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface
objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors,
and animations described herein with reference to other methods
described herein (e.g., methods 700, 800, 900, and 1000). For
brevity, these details are not repeated here.
[0291] FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 700 of
reordering list items in accordance with some embodiments. The
method 700 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300,
FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a
display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to
detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In
some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the
touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In
some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive
surface. Some operations in method 700 are, optionally, combined
and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
[0292] As described below, the method 700 provides an intuitive way
to reorder list items. The method reduces the number, extent,
and/or nature of the inputs from a user when reordering list items,
thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For
battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to reorder
list items faster and more efficiently conserves power and
increases the time between battery charges.
[0293] The device presents (702) a first portion of a list of items
532 on the display. For example, a list of items 532 includes items
534, 536, 538, 540, 542, 544, 546, and 548, as indicated at 5L-5U.
In FIG. 5L, a portion of the list of items 532 is presented on
touch screen 112. The portion of the list of items shown in FIG. 5L
includes items 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, and 544.
[0294] The device detects (704) a contact on the touch-sensitive
surface 112 while the first portion of the list of items 532 is
presented on the display (e.g., while a focus selector is over a
first item in the list of items). For example, a contact is
detected on touch screen 112 at a location indicated by focus
selector 550 while the first portion of the list of items 532
(including items 534-544) is presented on touch screen 112, as
shown in FIG. 5M. Focus selector 550 is over item 534 of list
532.
[0295] The device detects (706) a first movement of the contact on
the touch-sensitive surface 112 while a characteristic intensity of
the contact remains below a first intensity threshold. The first
intensity threshold is, e.g., hint intensity level IT.sub.H, light
press intensity level IT.sub.L, or another statically or
dynamically determined intensity level. For example, in FIG. 5M,
the contact at the location indicated by focus selector 550 moves
on touch screen 112, as indicated by arrow 552, while the
characteristic intensity of the contact remains below IT.sub.H, as
indicated by intensity level meter 530.
[0296] In response to detecting the first movement of the contact
on the touch-sensitive surface 112 while the characteristic
intensity of the contact remains below the first intensity
threshold (e.g., below IT.sub.H), the device scrolls (708) the list
of items 532 to present a second portion of the list of items 532
on the display in accordance with the first movement of the contact
on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., as in regular scrolling with
a light drag). For example, in response to the movement of the
contact along the path indicated by arrow 552, list 532 is scrolled
to present a second portion of the list including items 546 and
548, as indicated in FIG. 5N. To indicate that scrolling has
occurred, scroll position indicator 554 is shown at a higher
position in the user interface of 5N than the position of scroll
position indicator 554 in the user interface of 5M.
[0297] While a focus selector 550 associated with the contact is
located on a first item (e.g., item 534) in the second portion of
the list of items presented on the display (and while continuing to
detect the contact on the touch-sensitive surface), the device
detects (710) an increase in the characteristic intensity of the
contact above the first intensity threshold (e.g., IT.sub.H as
shown at intensity meter 530) followed by a second movement of the
contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, while focus
selector 550 is located on item 534 of the second portion of the
list of items 532, as shown in FIG. 5O, a characteristic intensity
of the contact increases above IT.sub.H, as shown at intensity
meter 530, followed by a movement of the contact along the path
indicated by 556.
[0298] In response to detecting the increase in the characteristic
intensity of the contact above the first intensity threshold
followed by the second movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface, the device moves (712) the first item
(e.g., item 534) relative to other items in the second portion of
the list of items 532 presented on the display in accordance with
the second movement of the contact (e.g., detaching an item from
the list and moving it with a drag that started with a deep press).
For example, as shown at FIGS. 5P-5S, in response to the increase
in the characteristic intensity of the contact above the first
intensity threshold (e.g., above IT.sub.H, as shown by intensity
meter 530 as shown in FIG. 5O, above IT.sub.L, as shown by
intensity meter 530 as shown in FIG. 5P, above deep press intensity
level IT.sub.D, or above another statically or dynamically
determined intensity threshold level) followed by movement of the
contact along the path indicated by arrow 556, first item 534 moves
relative to other items 536, 538, 540, 546, and 548 in the second
portion of the list of items 532.
[0299] In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase
in the characteristic intensity of the contact above the first
intensity threshold followed by the second movement of the contact
on the touch-sensitive surface, while the focus selector 550
associated with the contact is located on the first item (e.g.,
item 534) in the second portion of the list of items 532, the
device changes (714) an appearance of the first item (e.g.,
enlarging the first item, highlighting a boundary of the first
item, changing the color or hue of the first item, lifting the
first item above the plane of the list of items, or providing a
combination of two or more of the above visual effects, while
maintaining the normal appearances of the other items in the list).
For example, as shown in FIGS. 5O-5S, in response to the increase
in the characteristic intensity of the contact above the first
intensity threshold (e.g., above IT.sub.H, as shown by intensity
meter 530 as shown in FIG. 5O, or above IT.sub.L, as shown by
intensity meter 530 as shown in FIG. 5P) followed by movement of
the contact along the path indicated by arrow 556, while focus
selector 550 is located on item 534 in the second portion of list
532, the appearance of item 534 is changed. For example, a
highlighted boundary is shown around item 534, as shown in FIGS.
5O-5S. When item 534 is detached from list 532, as shown in FIGS.
5P-5S, the size of item 534 is reduced and item 534 is shown lifted
above the plane of the list of items 532. In some embodiments, the
appearance of the whole list may also change in a different way, so
that the appearance change of the first item is still distinguished
from the appearance change applied to the other items in the list.
In some embodiments, as the characteristic intensity of the contact
continues to vary above the first intensity threshold, the amount
of appearance change is dynamically determined and adjusted based
on the actual variation in the characteristic intensity of the
contact.
[0300] In some embodiments, changing the appearance of the first
item (e.g., item 534) includes (716) dynamically changing a size of
the first item in accordance with the characteristic intensity of
the contact (e.g., dynamically increasing the size of the first
item as the current intensity of the contact increases beyond the
first threshold, such that the first item overlaps with an item
adjacent to the first item). For example, when the characteristic
intensity of the contact at the position indicated by focus
selector 550 increases from a level above hint intensity threshold
IT.sub.H, as shown by intensity meter 530 in FIG. 5O, to a level
above light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as shown by
intensity meter 530 in FIG. 5P, the size of item 534 decreases from
the size of item 534 as shown in FIG. 5O to the size of item 534 as
shown in FIG. 5P.
[0301] In some embodiments, in accordance with the second movement
of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the device moves
(718) the first item (e.g., item 534) by a first distance relative
to a second item (e.g., item 536) that is adjacent to the first
item to at least partially reveal a first item slot (e.g., item
558) associated with the first item on the display. For example, as
shown in FIGS. 5P-5R, in accordance with the movement of the
contact on touch screen 112 along the path indicated by arrow 556,
item 534 moves relative to item 536 to partially reveal item slot
558 associated with 534.
[0302] In some embodiments, moving the first item (e.g., item 534)
by the first distance relative to the second item (e.g., item 536)
that is adjacent to the first item includes (720), during an
initial portion of the second movement of the contact (e.g., during
the first 10 mm or 5 mm of the second movement of the contact after
the intensity of the contact has reached above the first intensity
threshold), moving the first item at a slower speed than the focus
selector 550 to create a distance lag between the first item and
the focus selector (e.g., the first item is dragged behind the
focus selector with some inertia); and during a subsequent portion
of the second movement of the contact following the initial portion
of the second movement of the contact (e.g., after the first 10 mm
or 5 mm of the second movement of the contact after the intensity
of the contact has reached above the first intensity threshold),
accelerating the movement of the first item to eliminate the
distance lag between the first item and the focus selector (e.g.,
during the next 2 mm or 1 mm of the second movement of the contact
after the initial portion of the second movement on the contact,
the first item quickly snaps to the focus selector, and moves
together with the focus selector for the remainder of the second
movement). For example, during an initial portion of the movement
of the contact along the path indicated by arrow 556, as shown in
FIGS. 5P-5Q, item 534 moves at a slower speed than focus selector
550 (e.g., the position of focus selector 550 in FIG. 5P is
different from the position of focus selector 550 in FIG. 5Q and
the position of item 534 in FIG. 5P is the same as the position of
item 534 in FIG. 5Q). During a subsequent portion of the movement
of the contact along the path indicated by arrow 556, as shown in
FIGS. 5Q-5R, the movement of item 534 accelerates to eliminate the
distance lag between item 534 and focus selector 550 (e.g., item
534 moves from a position as shown in FIG. 5Q with focus selector
550 at the lower edge of item 534 to a position as shown in FIG. 5R
with focus selector 550 centered on item 534, such that item 534
has "caught up" with focus selector 550).
[0303] In some embodiments, the device detects (722) a lift-off of
the contact upon moving the first item (e.g., item 534) by the
first distance relative to the second item (e.g., item 536) that is
adjacent to the first item; and, in accordance with a determination
that the first distance is smaller than a first threshold distance
(e.g., half of a slot height), the device restores the first item
into the first item slot (e.g. item slot 558) associated with the
first item on the display (e.g., and reversing visual changes
applied to the first item and/or other items in the list, such as
restoring the size, transparency, etc. of the first item and/or
other items in the list). For example, item 534 is restored into
item slot 558 (e.g. the location of item 534 before item 534
detached from list 532), resulting in a user interface that
displays a list 532 that is the same as list 532 shown in FIG.
5N.
[0304] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that
the first distance is greater than a first threshold distance
(e.g., half of a slot height), the device moves (724) the second
item into the first item slot associated with the first item to
reveal a second item slot (e.g. item slot 560) associated with the
second item (e.g., sliding the second item into a slot that was
associated with the first item). For example, as shown in FIG. 5S,
item 536 is moved into first item slot 558 (in which item 534 was
previously located) and second item slot 560 (in which item 536 was
previously located) is revealed.
[0305] In some embodiments, the device detects (726) a lift-off of
the contact while the second item slot (e.g. item slot 560)
associated with the second item (e.g., item 536) is revealed on the
display; and in response to detecting the lift-off of the contact
while the second item slot associated with the second item is
revealed on the display, the device inserts the first item (e.g.
534) into the second item slot. For example, as shown in FIG. 5T1,
first item 534 is inserted into item slot 560 (that was previously
occupied by item 536).
[0306] In some embodiments, during the second movement of the
contact, for a plurality of other items besides the first item in
the list of items, the device moves (728) a respective other item
to a respective new item slot and reveals a respective previous
item slot for the respective other item on the display. For
example, as a movement of the contact that causes item 534 to pass
over multiple other items (e.g., over items 536 and 538) occurs,
item 536 is moved to item slot 558 and item slot 560 for item 536
is revealed; and subsequently item 538 is moved to item slot 560
and a new item slot (not shown) is revealed.
[0307] In some embodiments, the device generates (730) a respective
tactile output (e.g., thereby providing haptic feedback) as the
respective other item moves to the respective new item slot and
reveals the respective previous item slot (e.g., the tactile output
is feedback indicating that the respective other item has snapped
into a new slot). For example, as shown in FIG. 5S, when item 536
moves to item slot 558 and item slot 560 is revealed, a tactile
output, as indicated at 562, occurs.
[0308] In some embodiments, a respective movement of the respective
other item changes (732) in accordance with the characteristic
intensity of the contact during the second movement of the contact.
For example, the movement of the respective other item slows down
when the contact intensity increases. As a result, the scrolling of
the other items in the list during the movement of the first item
slows down when the intensity of the contact increases during the
second movement of the contact.
[0309] In some embodiments, the device detects (734) that the first
item (e.g. item 534) has moved within a second threshold distance
of a first end (e.g., top or bottom) of the displayed second
portion of the list of items in accordance with the second movement
of the contact; and, in response to detecting that the first item
has moved within the second threshold distance of the first end of
the displayed second portion of the list of items, the device
scrolls the list of items toward a second end (e.g., bottom or top)
of the displayed second portion of the list of items opposite the
first end to display a third portion of the list of items. For
example, as shown in FIG. 5T2, item 534 moves along a path
indicated by arrow 564 to a location within a threshold distance of
lower edge 566 of the displayed portion of list 532. The list of
items 532 is scrolled toward upper edge 568, as shown in FIGS.
5T2-5U. In 5U, items 542 and 544 are revealed. To indicate that
scrolling has occurred, scroll position indicator 554 is shown at a
lower position in the user interface of 5U than the position of
scroll position indicator 554 in the user interface of 5T2.
[0310] In some embodiments, scrolling the list of items 532 toward
the second end (e.g., toward upper edge 568) of the displayed
second portion of the list of items opposite the first end (e.g.,
lower edge 566) to display the third portion of the list of items
includes (736): dynamically changing a scrolling speed of the
scrolling toward the second end of the displayed second portion of
the list of items in accordance with the characteristic intensity
of the contact. In some embodiments, increasing the intensity of
the contact causes the scrolling of the list of items to speed up,
e.g., to quickly scroll to the desired location in the list for
inserting the first item. In some embodiments, increasing the
intensity of the contact causes the scrolling of the list of items
to slow down, e.g., to allow the user to see more clearly which
items are coming into view.
[0311] In some embodiments, the device applies (738) a transparency
effect to the first item (e.g., making the first item
semitransparent) while the first item (e.g. item 734) overlaps with
another item in the list of items (e.g., item 736).
[0312] It should be understood that the particular order in which
the operations in FIGS. 7A-7C have been described is merely
exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order
is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One
of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to
reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be
noted that details of other processes described herein with respect
to other methods described herein (e.g., methods 600, 800, 900, and
1000) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 700
described above with respect to FIGS. 7A-7C. For example, the
contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs,
intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described
above with reference to method 700 optionally have one or more of
the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface
objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors,
and animations described herein with reference to other methods
described herein (e.g., methods 600, 800, 900, and 1000). For
brevity, these details are not repeated here.
[0313] FIGS. 8A-8C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 800 of
navigating structured content in accordance with some embodiments.
The method 800 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device
300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a
display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to
detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In
some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the
touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In
some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive
surface. Some operations in method 800 are, optionally, combined
and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
[0314] As described below, the method 800 provides an intuitive way
to navigate structured content. The method reduces the number,
extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when navigating
structured content, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine
interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user
to navigate structured content faster and more efficiently
conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
[0315] The device presents (802) a first portion of structured
content 572 on the display, wherein the structured content 572
includes a plurality of sections, and the first portion includes
content from a first section of the plurality of sections. For
example, structured content 572 (e.g., the book The Jungle Book by
Rudyard Kipling), as illustrated in FIGS. 5V-5CC includes multiple
sections (e.g., chapters). FIG. 5V shows a portion including
content from Chapter 3 of structured content 572.
[0316] The device detects (804) a first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface while the first portion of the structured
content is presented on the display. For example, as shown at FIGS.
5W-5BB, a contact is received at a location indicated by focus
selector 574.
[0317] The device detects (806) an increase in a characteristic
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
(e.g., an increase from below hint intensity threshold IT.sub.H to
above IT.sub.H, as indicated at FIGS. 5Y-5Z and/or an increase from
below light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L to above IT.sub.L,
as indicated at FIGS. 5Z-5AA) and detects a first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a movement
along a path indicated by arrow 580 in FIGS. 5Z-5BB). In some
embodiments, detection of the movement of the contact is required
before detection of the increase in the characteristic intensity of
the contact (e.g., to differentiate from a gesture for triggering a
peek and pop response of the user interface). In some embodiments,
detection of an increase in the characteristic intensity of the
contact is required before detection of the movement of the
contact. In some embodiments there is no relative timing
requirement for detecting the increase in contact intensity and
detecting the movement of the contact.
[0318] In response to detecting the increase in the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and detecting the first movement of
the first contact (808): in accordance with a determination that
the characteristic intensity of the contact increases above a first
intensity threshold (e.g., above intensity light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L, or another statically or dynamically determined
threshold), the device translates the structured content 572 to
display a start of a second section adjacent to the first section
of the structured content at a predefined location on the display
(e.g., the device translates the structured content to display at
the beginning of the UI window or the middle of the UI window). For
example, FIGS. 5AA-5BB illustrate a translation of structured
content 572 from displaying a portion of a first section (Chapter
3, as shown in FIG. 5AA) to displaying a start of an adjacent
section (Chapter 4, as shown in FIG. 5BB). In some embodiments, the
predefined location on the display is chosen independent of the
structured content and/or the movement of the contact. In
accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity
of the contact does not increase above the first intensity
threshold (e.g., does not exceed light press intensity threshold
IT.sub.L), the device translates the structured content 572 in
accordance with a magnitude of the movement (e.g., speed or
distance) of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For
example, as shown in FIGS. 5W-5X, structured content 572 is
translated (e.g., from showing a first portion of Chapter 3, as
shown in FIG. 5W, to showing a second portion of Chapter 3, as
shown in FIG. 5X) in accordance with a distance traversed by focus
selector 574 as the contact moves across touch screen 112 along a
path indicated by arrow 578.
[0319] In some embodiments, during the translating of the
structured content to display the start of the second section
adjacent to the first section on the display, a focus selector 574
associated with the first contact is on (810) the structured
content 572 (and not on an index or scroll bar presented on the
display). For example, as shown in FIGS. 5AA-5BB, during the
translating of the structured content to display the start of the
second section (e.g., Chapter 4) adjacent to the first section
(Chapter 3), focus selector 574 is located on the structured
content 572.
[0320] In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase
in the characteristic intensity of the first contact and the first
movement of the first contact (e.g., in response to detecting an
increase in the characteristic intensity of the first contact above
the first intensity threshold, and the first movement of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface), the device applies (812) a
visual effect on the first portion of the structured content on the
display. In some embodiments, applying the visual effect includes
shrinking the first portion of the structured content, and/or
pushing the first portion of the structured content to a lower
z-level on the display. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5Y-5Z, the
displayed portion of structured content 572 is reduced in size
(e.g., from the size of the displayed portion of structured content
572 in FIG. 5Y to the size of the displayed portion of structured
content 572 in FIG. 5Z) and pushed to a lower z-level on the
display.
[0321] In some embodiments, the device removes (814) the applied
visual effect on the first portion of the structured content on the
display during the translating of the structured content.
[0322] In some embodiments, prior to the determination that the
characteristic intensity of the first contact has increased above
the first intensity threshold (816): the device detects an initial
increase in the characteristic intensity of the first contact
(e.g., an increase above the first intensity threshold); and, in
response to detecting the initial increase in the characteristic
intensity of the first contact, the device concurrently presents a
scroll bar with the first portion of the structured content 572 on
the display, wherein the scroll bar includes a scroll position
indicator 576 that indicates a respective position of the first
portion of the structured content 572 in the structured content
572; and, in response to the determination that the characteristic
intensity of the first contact has increased above the first
intensity threshold (e.g., IT.sub.L), the device presents a
plurality of section indicators (e.g. section indicators 582, 584,
586, and 588 as shown in FIG. 5Z) along with the scroll position
indicator 576, wherein a relative ordering of the section
indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588 to the scroll position indicator
576 corresponds to relative positions of the sections to the first
portion of the structured content in the structured content
572.
[0323] In some embodiments, presenting the plurality of section
indicators with the scroll bar includes: presenting (818) an
animation that shows the plurality of section indicators 582, 584,
586, and 588 emerging from the scroll position indicator 576 and
spreading out along the scroll bar. For example, as illustrated in
FIGS. 5Z-5AA, section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588 spread out
from initial positions as shown in FIG. 5Z to spread positions as
indicated in FIG. 5AA. In some embodiments, the animation shows the
section indicators flying out from the scroll position indicator,
overshooting, and then bouncing back to their respective final
positions along the scroll bar.
[0324] In some embodiments, when translating of the structured
content to display the start of the second section adjacent to the
first section of the structured content, the device presents (820)
an animation that shows the scroll position indicator 576 hopping
over a respective section indicator (e.g., section indicator 588)
in the plurality of section indicators (e.g., the section indicator
that is adjacent to the scroll position indicator in the scroll
direction). For example, as shown in FIGS. 5AA-5BB, scroll position
indicator 576 hops from above section indicator 588, as shown in
FIG. 5AA, to below section indicator 588, as shown in FIG. 5BB.
[0325] In some embodiments, the device detects (822) a lift-off of
the first contact, and, in response to detecting the lift-off of
the first contact, the device ceases to display the scroll bar, the
scroll position indicator, and the plurality of section indicators.
For example, as shown in FIGS. 5BB-5CC, the scroll position
indicator 576 and section indicators 582, 584, 586, and 588 shown
in FIG. 5BB are no longer visible when liftoff occurs as shown in
FIG. 5CC. In some embodiments, the scroll bar, the scroll position
indicator, and the plurality of section indicators are displayed in
response to the determination that the characteristic intensity of
the first contact has increased above the first intensity
threshold, and if the first movement is detected after the
characteristic intensity of the first contact has decreased below
the first intensity threshold, the section scrolling mode is not
entered, and the plurality of section indicators (and optionally,
the scroll bar and the scroll position indicator) are removed from
the display.
[0326] In some embodiments, in response to detecting the lift-off
of the first contact, the device presents (824) an animation that
shows the plurality of section indicators (e.g. section indicators
582, 584, 586, and 588, as shown in FIGS. 5AA-5BB) moving (e.g.,
retracting) into the scroll position indicator 576 before ceasing
the display the scroll position indicator 576.
[0327] In some embodiments, the structured content 572 is
translated (826) to display the start of the second section (e.g.,
Chapter 4) adjacent to the first section (e.g., Chapter 3) of the
structured content at the predefined location on the display in
accordance with a determination that the first movement of the
first contact (e.g., along the path indicated by arrow 580) exceeds
a first threshold distance. In some embodiments, if the first
movement of the first contact does not exceed the first threshold
distance, the structured content is not translated to display the
start of the second section adjacent to the first section of the
structured content at the predefined location on the display.
Instead, the first portion of the structured content remains to be
displayed at or is restored to its original location on the display
after the first movement.
[0328] In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity of the
first contact is below (828) the first intensity threshold (e.g.,
below IT.sub.L as indicated by intensity meter 530) after the first
movement of the first contact (e.g., along the path indicated by
arrow 580) exceeds the first threshold distance. For example, the
user can release the pressure on the content (e.g., decrease the
contact intensity) below the first intensity threshold after
entering the section scrolling mode (e.g., entering the section
scrolling mode with the increase in intensity above the first
intensity threshold and moving the first contact by at least the
first threshold distance). Upon reduction of the contact intensity,
the device remains in the section scrolling mode, and further
movement beyond the first threshold distance is used for continued
section scrolling.
[0329] In some embodiments, the sections in the structured content
are mapped (830) to a plurality of vertical positions on the
display (e.g., the plurality of sections correspond to an equal
number of positions evenly distributed on the display in the
scrolling direction (e.g., the vertical direction). In some
embodiments, the vertical positions are represented by respective
markers, e.g., section markers (such as section indicators 582,
584, 586, and 588). In some embodiments, the positions and/or the
corresponding markers are located away from the scroll bar, and on
the displayed content. In some embodiments, the first movement of
the first contact from a first position of the plurality of
positions to a second position of the plurality of positions
results in a translation of the structured content from one section
of the structured document that corresponds to the first position
on the display to another section of the structured content that
corresponds to the second position on the display. For example, if
the structured content has five sections, each section is mapped to
a corresponding vertical position on the display along the vertical
direction. After the conditions for section scrolling are satisfied
and the section scrolling mode has been entered, a movement from
the position corresponding to section 3 to the position
corresponding to section 5 causes the content to be scrolled from
section 3 to section 5, as opposed to causing the content to be
scrolled by the amount determined in regular scrolling. In other
words, regardless of how many pages are included in section 3 to
section 5, a physical movement from the position corresponding to
section 3 to the position corresponding to section 5 on the display
(e.g., a fixed physical distance), would cause scrolling from
section 3 to section 5 in the section scrolling mode. In contrast,
in conventional scrolling, the physical distance of the movement of
the contact is much more closely correlated with the amount of
content scrolling (e.g., lines, pages, etc.) that is performed.
[0330] It should be understood that the particular order in which
the operations in FIGS. 8A-8C have been described is merely
exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order
is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One
of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to
reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be
noted that details of other processes described with respect to
other methods described herein (e.g., methods 600, 700, 900, and
1000) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 800
described above with respect to FIGS. 8A-8C. For example, the
contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs,
intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations described above
with reference to method 800 optionally have one or more of the
characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects,
tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations
described herein with reference to other methods described herein
(e.g., methods 600, 700, 900, and 1000). For brevity, these details
are not repeated here.
[0331] FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating a method 900 of
moving content on a display in accordance with some embodiments.
The method 900 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device
300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a
display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to
detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In
some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the
touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In
some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive
surface. Some operations in method 900 are, optionally, combined
and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
[0332] As described below, the method 900 provides an intuitive way
to move content on a display. The method reduces the number,
extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when moving content
on a display, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine
interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user
to move content on a display faster and more efficiently conserves
power and increases the time between battery charges.
[0333] The device presents (902) a first portion of content 592
(e.g., "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe) on a display (e.g., touch
screen 112).
[0334] While presenting the first portion of the content 592 on the
display, the device (904) detects a first contact on a
touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen 112) and detects a
first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
(e.g., a movement of focus selector 594, such as a movement along a
path indicated by arrow 598 of FIGS. 5DD-5EE, a movement along a
path indicated by arrow 5102 of FIGS. 5HH-5II, or a movement along
a path indicated by arrow 5108 of FIGS. 5LL-5MM).
[0335] In response to detecting the first movement of the first
contact, the device scrolls (906) the content 592 to present a
second portion of the content on the display in accordance with the
first movement of the first contact. For example, content 592 is
scrolled from the first portion of the content displayed in FIG.
5DD to present a second portion of the content in FIG. 5EE.
Scrolling to present a second portion of the content 592 is also
described with regard to FIGS. 5II, and 5MM.
[0336] The device detects (908) an increase in intensity of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface during the first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For
example, as shown in FIGS. 5DD-5EE, the intensity of the contact
increases above contact detection intensity threshold IT.sub.0, as
indicated by intensity meter 530, during movement of the contact
along a path indicated by arrow 598. In FIGS. 5HH-5II, the
intensity of the contact increases above light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L, as indicated by intensity meter 530, during
movement of the contact along a path indicated by arrow 5102. In
FIGS. 5LL-5MM, the intensity of the contact increases above light
press intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as indicated by intensity meter
530, during movement of the contact along a path indicated by arrow
5108.
[0337] After detecting the increase in intensity of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface during the first movement of
the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface, the device
detects (910) a lift-off of the first contact following the first
movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For
example, lift-off of the contact is detected, as indicated at FIG.
5FF, following the movement of the contact indicated in FIGS.
5DD-5EE. Lift-off of the contact is also detected, as indicated at
FIG. 5JJ, following the movement of the contact indicated in FIGS.
5HH-5II. Lift-off of the contact is also detected, as indicated at
FIG. 5NN, following the movement of the contact indicated in FIGS.
5LL-5MM.
[0338] In response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact
following the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface, the device moves (912) the content 592 on
the display by an amount that is determined based on a
characteristic intensity of the first contact and a characteristic
speed of the first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the
first contact. For example, content 592 moves in response to
lift-off of the contact from a position as indicated at FIG. 5FF to
a different position as indicated 5GG. Movement of content 592 in
response to lift-off is additionally illustrated at FIGS. 5JJ-5KK
and 5NN-5OO.
[0339] In some embodiments, the characteristic speed of the first
movement is a first speed and moving the content 592 on the display
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes (914): in accordance with a determination that the
characteristic intensity is a first intensity (e.g., a
characteristic intensity of the contact below light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L, as indicated in FIGS. 5DD-5EE), moving the
content 592 by a first amount (e.g. movement of content 592 from a
position at lift-off as shown in FIG. 5FF to a moved position as
shown in FIG. 5GG); and in accordance with a determination that the
characteristic intensity is a second intensity that is different
from the first intensity (e.g., an characteristic intensity of the
contact above light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L, as
indicated in FIGS. 5HH-5II), moving the content by a second amount
that is different from the first amount (e.g. movement of content
592 from a position at lift-off as shown in FIG. 5JJ to a moved
position as shown in FIG. 5KK). The amount of movement of content
592 as shown in FIGS. 5FF-5GG is less than the amount of movement
of content 592 as shown in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK.
[0340] In some embodiments, the first intensity is greater than the
second intensity and the first amount of movement is greater than
the second amount of movement (916). For example, the first
intensity has a characteristic intensity of the contact above a
light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L (e.g., as indicated in
FIGS. 5HH-5II), the second intensity characteristic intensity of
the contact above hint intensity threshold IT.sub.H and below light
press intensity threshold IT.sub.L (e.g., as indicated in FIGS.
5DD-5EE), and the first amount of movement of content 592 (e.g., as
indicated in FIGS. 5JJ-5KK) is greater than the second amount of
movement of content 593 (e.g., as indicated in FIGS. 5FF-5GG).
[0341] In some embodiments, the first intensity is less than the
second intensity and the first amount of movement is greater than
the second amount of movement (918).
[0342] In some embodiments, moving the content 592 on the display
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes (920) setting a simulated friction based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact (e.g., decreasing the
simulated friction for larger characteristic intensity values). For
example, in accordance with a contact that has a characteristic
intensity above light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L prior to
lift-off (e.g., as indicated in FIGS. 5HH-5II), a first simulated
friction effect is set, causing a reduction in the velocity of the
movement of content 592 from velocity v3 (as indicated in FIG. 5JJ)
to velocity v1 (as indicated in FIG. 5KK). In accordance with a
contact that has a characteristic intensity above hint intensity
threshold IT.sub.H and below light press intensity threshold
IT.sub.L (e.g., as indicated in FIGS. 5DD-5EE), a second simulated
friction effect is set, causing a reduction in the velocity of the
movement of content 592 from velocity v1 (as indicated in FIG. 5FF)
to velocity v2 (as indicated in FIG. 5GG). In some embodiments, the
first simulated friction set when the larger characteristic
intensity value of FIG. 5HH-5II is detected is decreased in
comparison with the second simulated friction set when the smaller
characteristic intensity value of 5DD-5EE is detected.
[0343] In some embodiments, moving the content 592 on the display
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes (922) setting a simulated inertia based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact (e.g., decreasing the
simulated inertia for larger characteristic intensity values).
[0344] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display by an
amount that is determined based on the characteristic intensity of
the first contact and the characteristic speed of the first
movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes (924) setting an initial speed of movement for moving the
content based on the characteristic intensity of the first contact
(e.g., increasing the initial speed for larger characteristic
intensity values). For example, in accordance with a contact that
has a characteristic intensity above light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L prior to lift-off (e.g., as indicated in FIGS.
5HH-5II), an initial speed is v3 (as indicated in FIG. 5JJ). In
accordance with a contact that has a characteristic intensity above
hint intensity threshold IT.sub.H and below light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L prior to lift-off (e.g., as indicated in FIGS.
5DD-5EE), an initial speed is v1 (as indicated in FIG. 5FF). In
some embodiments, in accordance with the larger characteristic
intensity value of FIGS. 5HH-5II compared with the characteristic
intensity value of FIGS. 5DD-5EE, v3 is greater than v1.
[0345] In some embodiments, moving the content 592 on the display
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes (926): determining an initial speed (e.g., v1, v3, or v5
as indicated in FIGS. 5FF, 5JJ, and 5NN, respectively) for
continued scrolling after the lift-off of the first contact based
on the characteristic intensity of the first contact (e.g., as
indicated by intensity meter 530) and the characteristic speed of
the first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first
contact and continuing the scrolling of the content 592 after the
lift-off of the first contact with the initial speed determined
based on the characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact. In some embodiments, the
characteristic intensity and the characteristic speed are intensity
and speed detected a predefined time period before the lift-off. In
some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is determined based
on a filtered intensity profile (e.g., 5SS) and/or the
characteristic speed is determined based on a filtered speed
profile (e.g., 5TT). For example, the characteristic values are
values on the profiles 5116 and/or 5120 at t.sub.lift-off.
[0346] In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase
in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface,
the device dynamically applies (928) a visual effect on the first
portion of content 592 on the display in accordance with a current
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface. For
example, dynamically applying the visual effect includes
dynamically resizing (e.g., shrinking) the content or changing a
z-height (e.g., pushing the content away from the screen) of the
content on the display in accordance the current intensity of the
first contact. In some embodiments, the visual effect is applied
only temporarily when the scroll speed is below a threshold speed
(e.g., before the scrolling is started and when the scrolling is
just started), and the visual effect is removed when the scrolling
speed reaches the threshold speed.
[0347] In some embodiments, the device presents (930) a scroll bar
on the display, wherein the scroll bar includes a scroll position
indicator 596 that indicates a respective position of a currently
displayed portion of the content 592 in the content 592; and the
device presents (932) a scroll enhancement indicator 5104
concurrently with the scroll position indicator 596, wherein an
appearance of the scroll enhancement indicator 5104 varies
dynamically with a current intensity of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface (e.g., scroll enhancement indicator 5104 is
shown with a first length in FIG. 5HH, when a characteristic
intensity of the contact is at above light press intensity
threshold IT.sub.L, and scroll enhancement indicator 5104 is shown
with a second length, greater than the first length in FIG. 5LL,
when a characteristic intensity of the contact is further above
light press intensity threshold IT.sub.L). For example, the scroll
enhancement indicator is a shadow displayed on a side of the scroll
position indicator that is opposite to the scrolling direction, and
a length of the shadow dynamically changes in accordance with the
intensity of the first contact, e.g., higher intensity leads to a
longer shadow. In some embodiments, the length of the shadow also
indirectly indicates the amount of deviation (e.g., how much
greater an initial scrolling speed after lift-off of contact) as
compared to the case in a regular scroll action. In some
embodiments, the scroll bar is displayed with a normal touch
intensity, and anything beyond the normal touch intensity causes
the scroll enhancement indicator to appear as well.
[0348] In some embodiments, while moving the content 592 on the
display by the amount that is determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact, the device dynamically changes (934)
the appearance of the scroll enhancement indicator 596 in
accordance with a current scrolling speed. For example, scroll
enhancement indicator 5104 is shown with a first length in FIG.
5NN, when a scrolling speed is v5, and scroll enhancement indicator
5104 is shown with a second length (shorter than the first length)
in FIG. 5OO, when a scrolling speed is v6 (v6 is slower than v5, as
indicated by the length of arrow 5110 associated with v6 and with
v5). For example, the length of the shadow also indirectly
indicates the amount of deviation (e.g., how much greater the
current scrolling speed is as compared to the case in a regular
scroll action).
[0349] In some embodiments, the moving the content 592 on the
display by an amount that is determined based on a characteristic
intensity of the first contact and a characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes (936): applying an intensity filter to an intensity
profile (e.g., of FIG. 5SS) of the first contact, wherein the
intensity filter shifts the intensity profile (e.g., as shown at
5116 of FIG. 5SS) by a first time shift past the lift-off of the
first contact (e.g., the intensity filter is a function that skews
and shifts the intensity profile to the right on a time-intensity
profile) and determining an initial speed (e.g., e.g., v1, v3, or
v5 as indicated in FIGS. 5FF, 5JJ, and 5NN, respectively) for
moving the content on the display after the lift-off of the first
contact based on a selected intensity value on the filtered
intensity profile 5116. For example, the selected intensity value
is the intensity value at the time of lift-off on the shifted
intensity profile (e.g., I.sub.C on 5116 of FIG. 5SS).
[0350] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display by an
amount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity of
the first contact and a characteristic speed of the first movement
detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact includes (938):
applying a speed filter to a speed profile (e.g., 5118 of FIG. 5TT)
of the first contact, wherein the speed filter shifts the speed
profile (e.g., as shown at 5120 of FIG. 5TT) by a second time shift
past the lift-off of the first contact; determining an initial
speed (e.g., v1, v3, or v5 as indicated in FIGS. 5FF, 5JJ, and 5NN,
respectively) for moving the content on the display after the
lift-off of the first contact based on a selected speed value on
the shifted speed profile 5120; and moving the content on the
display with the determined initial speed after the lift-off of the
first contact. For example, the selected speed value is the speed
value at the time of lift-off on the shifted speed profile (e.g.,
V.sub.C on 5120 of FIG. 5TT). In some embodiments, the selected
speed value is greater than the maximum speed of the first contact
during the first movement.
[0351] In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first movement
of the first contact, the device detects (940) an earlier increase
in intensity of the first contact while the first contact remains
stationary on the touch-sensitive surface. In an example scenario,
the device detects the first contact, and then detects an increase
in intensity of the first contact while the first contact is
stationary on the touch sensitive surface. In this example
scenario, even if the device subsequently detects a movement of the
first contact (e.g., the first movement of the first contact), as
long as the earlier increase in intensity was not detected during
the movement, the scrolling is performed in accordance with the
first movement, without consideration of the earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact while the first contact was
stationary. When another increase in intensity is detected while
the first contact is moving, then the increase in intensity
detected during the movement of the first contact is taken into
consideration for the inertia scrolling performed after the
lift-off of the first contact, e.g., through the use of the
characteristic intensity and characteristic speed of the first
contact that were detected during the first movement.
[0352] In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact includes (942) detecting the earlier
increase in intensity of the first contact above a first intensity
threshold (e.g., a preview intensity threshold, such as hint
intensity threshold IT.sub.H) while a focus selector 594 is located
on a first user interface element on the display, and the device
performs a predefined operation associated with the first user
interface element (e.g., presents a preview or a quick action menu
associated with the first user interface element) in response to
detecting the earlier increase in intensity of the first contact
above the first intensity threshold (e.g., a preview intensity
threshold) while the focus selector is located on the first user
interface element on the display. In an example scenario, the
device detects the first contact, and then detects an increase in
intensity of the first contact above a first intensity threshold
(e.g., a hint intensity threshold IT.sub.H or a preview intensity
threshold) while the first contact is stationary on the touch
sensitive surface 112 (and correspondingly, and while a focus
selector 594 is located on a first user interface element (e.g., a
user interface element that is configured to respond to different
changes in contact intensity with different user interface
responses (e.g., a web link or a representation of a contact, or an
application icon) on the display), the device performs a predefined
operation associated with the user interface element (e.g.,
presenting a preview of the webpage referred to in the web link,
presenting a quick action menu associated with the contact, or
presenting a quick action menu associated with the application
icon). After the intensity of the first contact has decreased
sufficiently (e.g., decreased below the hint intensity threshold or
preview intensity threshold) and before the first contact starts to
move, the preview or quick action menus are optionally removed and
the user interface is restored to the same state as it was before
the increase in contact intensity of the first contact was
detected. At this point, the device will resume normal scrolling
behavior in accordance with subsequent movement of the first
contact (e.g., the first movement of the first contact) without
consideration of the earlier increase in intensity of the first
contact) detected while the first contact was stationary. When
another increase in intensity is detected while the first contact
is moving, then the increase in intensity detected during the
movement of the first contact is taken into consideration of the
inertia scrolling performed after the lift-off of the first
contact, e.g., through the use of the characteristic intensity and
characteristic speed of the first contact that were detected during
the first movement.
[0353] It should be understood that the particular order in which
the operations in FIGS. 9A-9D have been described is merely
exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order
is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One
of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to
reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be
noted that details of other processes described herein with respect
to other methods described herein (e.g., methods 600, 700, 800, and
1000) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 900
described above with respect to FIGS. 9A-9D. For example, the
contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs,
intensity thresholds, focus selectors, and animations described
above with reference to method 900 optionally have one or more of
the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface
objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors,
and animations described herein with reference to other methods
described herein (e.g., methods 600, 700, 800, and 1000). For
brevity, these details are not repeated here.
[0354] FIGS. 10A-10C are flow diagrams illustrating a method 1000
of moving content on a display in accordance with some embodiments.
The method 1000 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device
300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a
display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to
detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In
some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and the
touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In
some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive
surface. Some operations in method 900 are, optionally, combined
and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
[0355] As described below, the method 1000 provides an intuitive
way to move content on a display. The method reduces the number,
extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when moving content
on a display, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine
interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user
to move content on a display faster and more efficiently conserves
power and increases the time between battery charges.
[0356] The device presents (1002) a first portion of content 592
(e.g., "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe) on a display (e.g., touch
screen 112).
[0357] While presenting the first portion of the content, the
device (1004): detects a first contact (e.g., a contact at a
location indicated by focus selector 594) on the touch-sensitive
surface (e.g., touch screen 112); and detects a first movement of
the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a movement
of focus selector 594, such as a movement along a path indicated by
arrow 5112 of FIGS. 5PP-5QQ).
[0358] The device detects (1006) a lift-off of the first contact
following the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface. For example, after the movement of the
contact indicated by FIGS. 5PP-5QQ, lift-off of the contact occurs
as indicated in 5RR.
[0359] In response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact
following the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface (1008): in accordance with a determination
that the first contact had a characteristic intensity above a
respective intensity threshold (e.g., a characteristic intensity
above deep press intensity threshold IT.sub.D, or another
statically or dynamically determined threshold) prior to the
lift-off of the first contact, the device scrolls through the
content to a predefined portion of the content (e.g., a beginning
or an end of the content, or a next section or previous section of
the content, depending on the direction of first movement). For
example, as indicated in FIGS. 5PP-5QQ, a characteristic intensity
of the contact increased above deep press intensity threshold
IT.sub.D, as indicated by intensity meter 530. Accordingly, in FIG.
5RR, in response to detection of lift-off of the contact, content
592 is scrolled to the end of the content (e.g., as indicated by
scroll position indicator 596). In accordance with a determination
that the first contact had a characteristic intensity below the
respective intensity threshold prior to the lift-off of the first
contact (e.g., an intensity of the first contact remains below the
respective intensity threshold for an entire duration of the first
contact), the device scrolls through the content by an amount that
is determined based on a characteristic speed of the first contact
during the first movement (e.g., scrolling by an amount that is
determined based on an initial speed of the content on lift-off of
the first contact and simulated inertia and friction). For example,
as shown in FIGS. 5LL-5MM, a characteristic intensity of the
contact does not increase above a deep press intensity threshold
IT.sub.D, as indicated by intensity meter 530. At FIGS. 5NN-5OO, in
response to detection of lift-off of the contact, content 592 is
scrolled (e.g., by an amount that is determined based on a
characteristic speed of the contact during the movement along the
path indicated by arrow 5108 in FIGS. 5LL-5MM). In some
embodiments, the initial speed of the content is optionally
determined based on a speed of the contact at a predetermined time
relative to the lift-off time of the contact.
[0360] In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a
predefined portion of the content includes (1010) accelerating
scrolling of the content to display an end portion of the content
on the display. In some embodiments, the accelerated scrolling to
display the end portion of the content is independent of a movement
speed of the first movement and/or the length of content that needs
to be scrolled to reach the end portion.
[0361] In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds (1012)
to movement toward a top portion of the display (e.g., as shown in
FIG. 5QQ, the contact moves upward along a path indicated by arrow
5112 toward a top portion of display 112).
[0362] In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a
predefined portion of the content includes (1014) accelerating
scrolling of the content to display a beginning portion of the
content on the display. In some embodiments, the accelerated
scrolling to display the beginning portion of the content is
independent of a movement speed of the first movement and/or the
length of content that needs to be scrolled to reach the beginning
portion.
[0363] In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds (1016)
to movement toward a bottom portion of the display.
[0364] In some embodiments, scrolling through the content by an
amount that is determined based on a characteristic speed of the
first contact during the first movement includes (1018): scrolling
through the content 592 by a first amount before the lift-off of
the first contact (e.g., scrolling from a first position in content
592, as shown in FIG. 5PP, to a second position in content 592, as
shown in FIG. 5QQ); and continuing to scroll through the content by
a second amount after the lift-off of the first contact (e.g.,
scrolling from the second position in content 592, as shown in FIG.
5QQ, to a third position in content 592, as shown in FIG. 5RR),
wherein the scrolling of the content after the lift-off of the
first contact is continued at an initial speed that is determined
based on the characteristic speed of the first contact during the
first movement. For example, during the regular scrolling, how much
scrolling actually happens depends on factors such as the amount of
content that can be scrolled, and the movement speed of the first
contact, and does not deterministically scroll to the end or the
beginning of the content.
[0365] In some embodiments, the device detects (1020) the increase
in intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
above the respective intensity threshold during the first movement
of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the
device detects the increase in intensity above deep press intensity
threshold IT.sub.D, as indicated at intensity meter 530 in FIGS.
5PP-5QQ); and in response to detecting the increase in intensity
above the respective intensity threshold, the device applies a
visual effect on the first portion of content on the display. In
some embodiments, the visual effect is an enlargement of the
content, or a change in z-height of the content relative to the
display plane.
[0366] In some embodiments, the device removes (1022) the applied
visual effect on the first portion of content on the display during
the scrolling through the content to the predefined portion of the
content (e.g., during the accelerated scrolling of the content on
the display). For example, the visual effect is applied when the
intensity is above the first intensity threshold, and during the
period of time that the scrolling speed is accelerated to a steady
state accelerated scrolling speed, and once the scrolling speed has
reached the steady state accelerated scrolling speed, the
previously applied visual effect is removed.
[0367] In some embodiments, the device applies (1024) an intensity
filter to an intensity profile (e.g., of FIG. 5SS) of the first
contact, wherein the intensity filter shifts the intensity profile
(e.g., as shown at 5116 of FIG. 5SS) by a first time shift past the
lift-off of the first contact; and the device determines a steady
state speed for the scrolling through the content to the predefined
portion of the content based on a selected intensity value on the
shifted intensity profile 5116. For example, the selected intensity
value is the intensity value at the time of lift-off on the shifted
intensity profile (e.g., I.sub.C on 5116 of FIG. 5SS).
[0368] In some embodiments, the device scrolls (1026) through the
content by an amount that is determined based on a characteristic
speed of the first contact during the first movement includes
scrolling through the content to display a second portion of the
content, and the method includes: while displaying the second
portion of the content, detecting a predefined input (e.g., a tap
input on the touch-sensitive surface) while a focus selector is
within a predefined region (e.g., a predefined top or bottom region
of the user interface that is displaying the second portion of the
content) on the display; and in response to detecting the
predefined input while the focus selector is within the predefined
region on the display, scrolling through the content to the
predefined portion of the content (e.g., a beginning or an end of
the content or a next section or previous section of the content
depending on whether the predefined region invoked by the
predefined input (e.g., a tap input) is at the top or the bottom of
the user interface displaying the second portion of the content).
In other words, in some embodiments, the user can quickly scroll to
the predefined portion of the content either by a forced press and
flick gesture anywhere in the displayed content, or by a tap
gesture within the predefined region in the user interface,
regardless of how long the content is, and where the displayed
portion of the content is within the content.
[0369] In some embodiments, prior to detecting the first movement
of the first contact, the device detects (1028) an earlier increase
in intensity of the first contact above the respective intensity
threshold while the first contact remains stationary on the
touch-sensitive surface; and the device determines that the first
contact had a characteristic intensity below the respective
intensity threshold prior to the lift-off of the first contact in
accordance with a determination that the intensity of the first
contact remained below the respective intensity threshold during
the first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive
surface. In an example scenario, the device detects the first
contact, and before detecting the first movement of the first
contact, the device detects an increase in intensity of the first
contact above the first intensity threshold while the first contact
is stationary on the touch sensitive surface. This earlier increase
in intensity of the first contact does not affect the user
interface responses that occur during or after subsequent movement
of the first contact (e.g., the first movement) if the contact
intensity had dropped below the first intensity threshold before
the start of the movement. In other words, when the device detects
a movement of the first contact (e.g., the first movement of the
first contact), as long as any increase in intensity above the
first intensity threshold was not detected during the movement, the
scrolling is performed without consideration of any earlier
increase(s) in intensity of the first contact while the first
contact was stationary. When an increase in intensity above the
first threshold is detected while the first contact is moving, then
the device scrolls the content to the predefined portion (e.g., an
end or beginning portion).
[0370] In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact includes (1030) detecting the
earlier increase in intensity of the first contact above a first
intensity threshold (e.g., a preview intensity threshold) while a
focus selector is located on a first user interface element on the
display, and the device performs a predefined operation associated
with the first user interface element (e.g., presenting a preview
or a quick action menu associated with the first user interface
element) in response to detecting the earlier increase in intensity
of the first contact above the first intensity threshold (e.g., a
preview intensity threshold) while the focus selector is located on
a first user interface element on the display. In an example
scenario, the device detects the first contact, and then detects an
increase in intensity of the first contact above a first intensity
threshold (e.g., a hint intensity threshold or a preview intensity
threshold) while the first contact is stationary on the touch
sensitive surface (and correspondingly, and while a focus selector
is located on a first user interface element (e.g., a user
interface element that is configured to respond to different
changes in contact intensity with different user interface
responses (e.g., a web link or a representation of a contact, or an
application icon) on the display). In response to this increase in
intensity of the first contact above the first intensity threshold,
the device performs a predefined operation associated with the user
interface element (e.g., presenting a preview of the webpage
referred to in the web link, presenting a quick action menu
associated with the contact, or presenting a quick action menu
associated with the application icon). Then, after the intensity of
the first contact has decreased to below the first intensity
threshold (e.g., decreased below the hint intensity threshold or
preview intensity threshold) and before the first contact starts to
move, the preview or quick action menus are optionally removed and
the user interface is restored to the same state as it was before
the increase in contact intensity of the first contact was
detected. At this point, the device resumes its scrolling behavior
in accordance with subsequent movement of the first contact (e.g.,
the first movement of the first contact) without consideration of
the earlier increase in intensity of the first contact detected
while the first contact was stationary. When an increase in
intensity above the first threshold is detected while the first
contact is moving, then the device scrolls the content to the
predefined portion (e.g., an end or beginning portion).
[0371] It should be understood that the particular order in which
the operations in FIGS. 10A-10C have been described is merely
exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order
is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One
of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to
reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be
noted that details of other processes described herein with respect
to other methods described herein (e.g., methods 600, 700, 800, and
900) are also applicable in an analogous manner to method 1000
described above with respect to FIGS. 10A-10C. For example, the
contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs,
intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations described above
with reference to method 1000 optionally have one or more of the
characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects,
tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, focus selectors, animations
described herein with reference to other methods described herein
(e.g., methods 600, 700, 800, and 900). For brevity, these details
are not repeated here.
[0372] In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 11 shows a
functional block diagram of an electronic device 1100 configured in
accordance with the principles of the various described
embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally,
implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and
software to carry out the principles of the various described
embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that
the functional blocks described in FIG. 11 are, optionally,
combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles
of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description
herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation
or further definition of the functional blocks described
herein.
[0373] As shown in FIG. 11, an electronic device includes a display
unit 1102 configured to display content items; a touch-sensitive
surface unit 1104 configured to receive user inputs; one or more
sensor units 1106 configured to detect intensity of contacts with
the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104; and a processing unit 1108
coupled to the display unit 1102, the touch-sensitive surface unit
1104 and the one or more sensor units 1106. In some embodiments,
the processing unit 1108 includes a detecting unit 1110, a
determining unit 1112, and a display enabling unit 1114. In some
embodiments, the processing unit 1108 is configured to: enable
display, on the display unit 1102, of content of a first content
item, wherein the first content item is one of a sequence of
content items (e.g., with display enabling unit 1114); detect a
user input that includes movement of a contact in a respective
direction on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 (e.g., with
detecting unit 1110); in response to detecting the user input: in
accordance with a determination that the user input meets
item-switching criteria (e.g., with the determining unit 1112),
enable the display unit 1102 to replace display of the first
content item with display of a second content item in the sequence
of content items (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1114),
wherein the item-switching criteria include a criterion that is met
when a characteristic intensity of the contact is above a first
intensity threshold; and, in accordance with a determination that
the user input does not meet the item-switching criteria (e.g.,
with the determining unit 1112), enable the display unit 1102 to
navigate through the content of the first content item in
accordance with the movement of the contact (e.g., with the display
enabling unit 1114).
[0374] In some embodiments, the item-switching criteria includes a
criterion that is met when the characteristic intensity of the
contact exceeds the first intensity threshold after detecting at
least a predetermined threshold amount of movement of the contact
(e.g., with the detecting unit 1110).
[0375] In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108 is configured
to: while enabling display of the first content item (e.g., with
the display enabling unit 1114), detect a second user input at a
location that corresponds to a selectable affordance (e.g., with
the detecting unit 1110), wherein the second user input includes a
second contact that is stationary on the touch-sensitive surface
unit 1104; in response to detecting the second user input: in
accordance with a determination that the user input occurs while a
focus selector is at a location that corresponds to a selectable
affordance and the movement of the contact is less than a
predetermined amount (e.g., with the determining unit 1112), enable
display of a preview area of content that corresponds to the
selectable affordance overlaid on the first content item (e.g.,
with a display enabling unit 1114).
[0376] In some embodiments, the second content item is sequentially
adjacent to the first content item and is selected based on the
respective direction of the movement of the contact.
[0377] In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the
first content item includes: in accordance with a determination
that the respective direction is a first direction on the
touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 (e.g., with the determining unit
1112), scrolling the content in a first direction on the display
unit 1102 (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1114); and in
accordance with a determination that the respective direction is a
second direction on the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 (e.g.,
with the determining unit 1112), scrolling the content in a second
direction on the display unit 1102 that is different from the first
direction on the display unit 1102 (e.g., with the display enabling
unit 1114).
[0378] In some embodiments, navigating through the content of the
first content item in accordance with the movement of the contact
includes: maintaining display of a first portion of the first
content item in a first user interface region on the display unit
1102; and navigating through a second portion of the first content
item in a second user interface region on the display unit 1102
(e.g., with the display enabling unit 1114).
[0379] In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content
item with the second content item includes displaying a transition
between the first content item and the second content item (e.g.,
with the display enabling unit 1114); and the transition includes
reducing a size of the first content item.
[0380] In some embodiments, replacing display of the first content
item with the second content item includes displaying a transition
between the first content item and the second content item (e.g.,
with the display enabling unit 1114); and the transition includes
increasing a size of the second content item.
[0381] In some embodiments, the sequence of content items
corresponds to a plurality of electronic messages in an electronic
messaging application, a plurality of web browser windows in a web
browser, a plurality of applications, a plurality of digital images
in a set of images, or a plurality of sets of digital images.
[0382] In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108 is configured
to: in accordance with a determination that the user input begins
at a first edge of the touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 (e.g.,
with the determining unit 1112), perform an operation that is
distinct from both replacing display of the first content item with
the second content item and navigating through the content of the
first content item (e.g., with the display enabling unit 1114).
[0383] In some embodiments, the processing unit 1108 is configured
to: after replacing display of the first content item with the
second content item in the sequence of content items, detect a
second user input that includes movement of a second contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit 1104 (e.g., with the detecting unit
1110); enable the display unit 1102 to, in response to detecting
the second user input: in accordance with a determination that the
second user input meets the item-switching criteria, replace
display of the second content item with a third content item in the
sequence of content items (e.g., with the display enabling unit
1114); and in accordance with a determination that the second user
input does not meet the item-switching criteria, navigate through
content of the second content item in accordance with the movement
of the second contact (e.g., with the display enabling unit
1114).
[0384] The operations in the information processing methods
described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more
functional modules in information processing apparatus such as
general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect
to FIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
[0385] The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6B
are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B
or FIG. 11. For example, detection operation 606, and replace and
navigation operations of operation 608 are, optionally, implemented
by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190.
Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on
touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module 174
delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respective
event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event
information to respective event definitions 186, and determines
whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive
surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a
predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a
user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to
another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is
detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190
associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event
handler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater 176 or object
updater 177 to update the application internal state 192. In some
embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater
178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it
would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how
other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted
in FIGS. 1A-1B.
[0386] In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 12 shows a
functional block diagram of an electronic device 700 configured in
accordance with the principles of the various described
embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally,
implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and
software to carry out the principles of the various described
embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that
the functional blocks described in FIG. 12 are, optionally,
combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles
of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description
herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation
or further definition of the functional blocks described
herein.
[0387] As shown in FIG. 12, an electronic device 1200 includes a
display unit 1202 configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit 1204 configured to receive contacts,
one or more sensor units 1206 configured to detect intensity of
contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit 1204; and a
processing unit 1208 coupled with the display unit 1202, the
touch-sensitive surface unit 1204 and the one or more sensor units
1206. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1208 includes: a
presenting unit 1210, a detecting unit 1212, a scrolling unit 1214,
a moving unit 1216, a display enabling unit 1218, a changing unit
1220, an accelerating unit 1222, a restoring unit 1224, an
inserting unit 1226, a generating unit 1228, and an applying unit
1230.
[0388] The processing unit 1208 is configured to: present (e.g.,
with the presenting unit 1210) a first portion of a list of items
on the display unit; detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1212) a
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while the first portion
of the list of items is presented on the display unit; detect
(e.g., with the detecting unit 1212) a first movement of the
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit while a characteristic
intensity of the contact remains below a first intensity threshold;
in response to detecting the first movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit while the characteristic intensity of
the contact remains below the first intensity threshold, scroll
(e.g., with the scrolling unit 1214) the list of items to present a
second portion of the list of items on the display unit in
accordance with the first movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit; while a focus selector associated
with the contact is located on a first item in the second portion
of the list of items presented on the display unit, detect (e.g.,
with the detecting unit 1212) an increase in the characteristic
intensity of the contact above the first intensity threshold
followed by a second movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive
surface unit; and, in response to detecting the increase in the
characteristic intensity of the contact above the first intensity
threshold followed by the second movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit, move (e.g., with the moving unit
1216) the first item relative to other items in the second portion
of the list of items presented on the display unit in accordance
with the second movement of the contact.
[0389] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
in response to detecting the increase in the characteristic
intensity of the contact above the first intensity threshold
followed by the second movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit, while the focus selector associated
with the contact is located on the first item in the second portion
of the list of items, change (e.g., with the changing unit 1220) an
appearance of the first item.
[0390] In some embodiments, changing the appearance of the first
item includes dynamically changing a size of the first item in
accordance with the characteristic intensity of the contact.
[0391] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
in accordance with the second movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit, move (e.g., with the moving unit
1216) the first item by a first distance relative to a second item
that is adjacent to the first item to at least partially reveal a
first item slot associated with the first item on the display
unit.
[0392] In some embodiments, moving the first item by the first
distance relative to the second item that is adjacent to the first
item includes: during an initial portion of the second movement of
the contact, move (e.g., with the moving unit 1216) the first item
at a slower speed than the focus selector to create a distance lag
between the first item and the focus selector; and during a
subsequent portion of the second movement of the contact following
the initial portion of the second movement of the contact,
accelerate (e.g., with the accelerating unit 1222) the movement of
the first item to eliminate the distance lag between the first item
and the focus selector.
[0393] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1212) a lift-off of the
contact upon moving the first item by the first distance relative
to the second item that is adjacent to the first item; and, in
accordance with a determination that the first distance is smaller
than a first threshold distance, restore (e.g., with the restoring
unit 1224) the first item into the first item slot associated with
the first item on the display unit.
[0394] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
in accordance with a determination that the first distance is
greater than a first threshold distance, move (e.g., with the
moving unit 1216) the second item into the first item slot
associated with the first item to reveal a second item slot
associated with the second item.
[0395] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1212) a lift-off of the
contact while the second item slot associated with the second item
is revealed on the display unit; and in response to detecting the
lift-off of the contact while the second item slot associated with
the second item is revealed on the display unit, insert (e.g., with
the inserting unit 1226) the first item into the second item
slot.
[0396] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
during the second movement of the contact, for a plurality of other
items besides the first item in the list of items, move (e.g., with
the moving unit 1216) a respective other item to a respective new
item slot and revealing a respective previous item slot for the
respective other item on the display unit.
[0397] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
generate (e.g., with the generating unit 1228) a respective tactile
output as the respective other item moves to the respective new
item slot and reveals the respective previous item slot.
[0398] In some embodiments, a respective movement of the respective
other item changes in accordance with the characteristic intensity
of the contact during the second movement of the contact.
[0399] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1212) that the first item has
moved within a second threshold distance of a first end of the
displayed second portion of the list of items in accordance with
the second movement of the contact; and, in response to detecting
that the first item has moved within the second threshold distance
of the first end of the displayed second portion of the list of
items, scroll (e.g., with the scrolling unit 1214) the list of
items toward a second end of the displayed second portion of the
list of items opposite the first end to enable display (e.g., with
the display enabling unit 1218) a third portion of the list of
items.
[0400] In some embodiments, scrolling the list of items toward the
second end of the displayed second portion of the list of items
opposite the first end to enable display the third portion of the
list of items includes: dynamically changing (e.g., with the
changing unit 1220) a scrolling speed of the scrolling toward the
second end of the displayed second portion of the list of items in
accordance with the characteristic intensity of the contact.
[0401] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
apply (e.g., with the applying unit 1230) a transparency effect to
the first item while the first item overlaps with another item in
the list of items.
[0402] The operations in the information processing methods
described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more
functional modules in information processing apparatus such as
general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect
to FIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
[0403] The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 7A-7C
are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B
or FIG. 12. For example, detection operations 704, 706, and 710;
scrolling operation 708; and moving operation 712 are, optionally,
implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event
handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a
contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module
174 delivers the event information to application 136-1. A
respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the
event information to respective event definitions 186, and
determines whether a first contact at a first location on the
touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device)
corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection
of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from
one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or
sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event
handler 190 associated with the detection of the event or
sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater
176 or object updater 177 to update the application internal state
192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective
GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.
Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in
the art how other processes can be implemented based on the
components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.
[0404] In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 13 shows a
functional block diagram of an electronic device 1300 configured in
accordance with the principles of the various described
embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally,
implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and
software to carry out the principles of the various described
embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that
the functional blocks described in FIG. 13 are, optionally,
combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles
of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description
herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation
or further definition of the functional blocks described
herein.
[0405] As shown in FIG. 13, an electronic device 1300 includes a
display unit 1302 configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit 1304 configured to receive contacts,
one or more sensor units 1306 configured to detect intensity of
contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit 1304; and a
processing unit 1308 coupled with the display unit 1302, the
touch-sensitive surface unit 1304 and the one or more sensor units
1306. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1308 includes: a
presenting unit 1310, a detecting unit 1312, a translating unit
1314, an applying unit 1316, a removing unit 1318, and a ceasing
unit 1320.
[0406] The processing unit 1308 is configured to: present (e.g.,
with the presenting unit 1310) a first portion of structured
content on the display unit, wherein the structured content
includes a plurality of sections, and the first portion includes
content from a first section of the plurality of sections; detect
(e.g., with the detecting unit 1312) a first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit while the first portion of the
structured content is presented on the display unit; detect (e.g.,
with the detecting unit 1312) an increase in a characteristic
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit
and detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1312) a first movement of
the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in
response to detecting the increase in the characteristic intensity
of the first contact and detecting the first movement of the first
contact: in accordance with a determination that the characteristic
intensity of the contact increases above a first intensity
threshold, translate (e.g., with the translating unit 1314) the
structured content to enable display of a start of a second section
adjacent to the first section of the structured content at a
predefined location on the display unit; and in accordance with a
determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact does
not increase above the first intensity threshold, translate (e.g.,
with the translating unit 1314) the structured content in
accordance with a magnitude of the movement of the contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit.
[0407] In some embodiments, during the translating of the
structured content to enable display of the start of the second
section adjacent to the first section on the display unit, a focus
selector associated with the first contact is on the structured
content.
[0408] In some embodiments, in response to detecting the increase
in the characteristic intensity of the first contact and the first
movement of the first contact, the processing unit is configured to
apply (e.g., with the applying unit 1316) a visual effect on the
first portion of the structured content on the display unit.
[0409] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
remove (e.g., with the removing unit 1318) the applied visual
effect on the first portion of the structured content on the
display unit during the translating of the structured content.
[0410] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
prior to the determination that the characteristic intensity of the
first contact has increased above the first intensity threshold:
detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1312) an initial increase in
the characteristic intensity of the first contact; and, in response
to detecting the initial increase in the characteristic intensity
of the first contact, concurrently present (e.g., with the
presenting unit 1310) a scroll bar with the first portion of the
structured content on the display unit, wherein the scroll bar
includes a scroll position indicator that indicates a respective
position of the first portion of the structured content in the
structured content; and, in response to the determination that the
characteristic intensity of the first contact has increased above
the first intensity threshold, present (e.g., with the presenting
unit 1310) a plurality of section indicators along with the scroll
position indicator, wherein a relative ordering of the section
indicators to the scroll position indicator corresponds to relative
positions of the sections to the first portion of the structured
content in the structured content.
[0411] In some embodiments, presenting the plurality of section
indicators with the scroll bar includes: presenting an animation
that shows the plurality of section indicators emerging from the
scroll position indicator and spreading out along the scroll
bar.
[0412] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
when translating of the structured content to enable display of the
start of the second section adjacent to the first section of the
structured content, present (e.g., with the presenting unit 1310)
an animation that shows the scroll position indicator hopping over
a respective section indicator in the plurality of section
indicators.
[0413] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1312) a lift-off of the first
contact, and, in response to detecting the lift-off of the first
contact, cease (e.g., with the ceasing unit 1320) to display the
scroll bar, the scroll position indicator, and the plurality of
section indicators.
[0414] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
in response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact, present
(e.g., with the presenting unit 1310) an animation that shows the
plurality of section indicators moving into the scroll position
indicator before ceasing the display of the scroll position
indicator.
[0415] In some embodiments, the structured content is translated to
enable display of the start of the second section adjacent to the
first section of the structured content at the predefined location
on the display unit in accordance with a determination that the
first movement of the first contact exceeds a first threshold
distance.
[0416] In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity of the
first contact is below the first intensity threshold after the
first movement of the first contact exceeds the first threshold
distance.
[0417] In some embodiments, the sections in the structured content
are mapped to a plurality of vertical positions on the display
unit, and the first movement of the first contact from a first
position of the plurality of positions to a second position of the
plurality of positions results in a translation of the structured
content from one section of the structured document that
corresponds to the first position on the display unit to another
section of the structured content that corresponds to the second
position on the display unit.
[0418] The operations in the information processing methods
described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more
functional modules in information processing apparatus such as
general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect
to FIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
[0419] The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 8A-8C
are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B
or FIG. 13. For example, detection operations 804 and 806 and
translation operations 808 are, optionally, implemented by event
sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event
monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on
touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module 174
delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respective
event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event
information to respective event definitions 186, and determines
whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive
surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a
predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a
user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to
another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is
detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190
associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event
handler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater 176 or object
updater 177 to update the application internal state 192. In some
embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater
178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it
would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how
other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted
in FIGS. 1A-1B.
[0420] In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 14 shows a
functional block diagram of an electronic device 1400 configured in
accordance with the principles of the various described
embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally,
implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and
software to carry out the principles of the various described
embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that
the functional blocks described in FIG. 14 are, optionally,
combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles
of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description
herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation
or further definition of the functional blocks described
herein.
[0421] As shown in FIG. 14, an electronic device 1400 includes a
display unit 1402 configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit 1404 configured to receive contacts,
one or more sensor units 1406 configured to detect intensity of
contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit 1404; and a
processing unit 1408 coupled with the display unit 1402, the
touch-sensitive surface unit 1404 and the one or more sensor units
1406. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1408 includes: a
presenting unit 1410, a detecting unit 1412, a scrolling unit 1414,
a moving unit 1416, an applying unit 1418, a changing unit 1420,
and a performing unit 1422.
[0422] The processing unit 1408 is configured to: present (e.g.,
with the presenting unit 1410) a first portion of content on the
display unit; while presenting the first portion of the content on
the display unit: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1412) a
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and detect
(e.g., with the detecting unit 1412) a first movement of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to
detecting the first movement of the first contact, scroll (e.g.,
with the scrolling unit 1414) the content to present a second
portion of the content on the display unit in accordance with the
first movement of the first contact; detect (e.g., with the
detecting unit 1412) an increase in intensity of the first contact
on the touch-sensitive surface unit during the first movement of
the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; after
detecting the increase in intensity of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit during the first movement of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, detect (e.g., with the
detecting unit 1412) a lift-off of the first contact following the
first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
unit; and, in response to detecting the lift-off of the first
contact following the first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit, move (e.g., with the moving unit
1416) the content on the display unit by an amount that is
determined based on a characteristic intensity of the first contact
and a characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to
the lift-off of the first contact.
[0423] In some embodiments, the characteristic speed of the first
movement is a first speed and moving the content on the display
unit by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes: in accordance with a determination that the
characteristic intensity is a first intensity, moving (e.g., with
the moving unit 1416) the content by a first amount; and, in
accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity
is a second intensity that is different from the first intensity,
moving (e.g., with the moving unit 1416) the content by a second
amount that is different from the first amount.
[0424] In some embodiments, the first intensity is greater than the
second intensity and the first amount of movement is greater than
the second amount of movement.
[0425] In some embodiments, the first intensity is less than the
second intensity and the first amount of movement is greater than
the second amount of movement.
[0426] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes setting a simulated friction based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact.
[0427] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes setting a simulated inertia based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact.
[0428] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes setting an initial speed of movement for moving the
content based on the characteristic intensity of the first
contact.
[0429] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit
by an amount that is determined based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes: determining an initial speed for continued scrolling
after the lift-off of the first contact based on the characteristic
intensity of the first contact and the characteristic speed of the
first movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact;
and continuing the scrolling of the content after the lift-off of
the first contact with the initial speed determined based on the
characteristic intensity of the first contact and the
characteristic speed of the first movement detected prior to the
lift-off of the first contact.
[0430] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to in
response to detecting the increase in intensity of the first
contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, dynamically apply
(e.g., with the applying unit 1418) a visual effect on the first
portion of content on the display unit in accordance with a current
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface
unit.
[0431] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
present (e.g., with the presenting unit 1418) a scroll bar on the
display unit, wherein the scroll bar includes a scroll position
indicator that indicates a respective position of a currently
displayed portion of the content in the content; and present (e.g.,
with the presenting unit 1418) a scroll enhancement indicator
concurrently with the scroll position indicator, wherein an
appearance of the scroll enhancement indicator varies dynamically
with a current intensity of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit.
[0432] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
while moving the content on the display unit by the amount that is
determined based on the characteristic intensity of the first
contact and the characteristic speed of the first movement detected
prior to the lift-off of the first contact, dynamically change
(e.g., with the changing unit 1420) the appearance of the scroll
enhancement indicator in accordance with a current scrolling
speed.
[0433] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit
by an amount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity
of the first contact and a characteristic speed of the first
movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes: applying an intensity filter to an intensity profile of
the first contact, wherein the intensity filter shifts the
intensity profile by a first time shift past the lift-off of the
first contact; and determining an initial speed for moving the
content on the display unit after the lift-off of the first contact
based on a selected intensity value on the filtered intensity
profile.
[0434] In some embodiments, moving the content on the display unit
by an amount that is determined based on a characteristic intensity
of the first contact and a characteristic speed of the first
movement detected prior to the lift-off of the first contact
includes: applying a speed filter to a speed profile of the first
contact, wherein the speed filter shifts the speed profile by a
second time shift past the lift-off of the first contact;
determining an initial speed for moving the content on the display
unit after the lift-off of the first contact based on a selected
speed value on the shifted speed profile; and moving the content on
the display unit with the determined initial speed after the
lift-off of the first contact.
[0435] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
prior to detecting the first movement of the first contact, detect
(e.g., with the detecting unit 1412) an earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact while the first contact remains
stationary on the touch-sensitive surface unit.
[0436] In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact includes detecting the earlier
increase in intensity of the first contact above a first intensity
threshold while a focus selector is located on a first user
interface element on the display unit, and the processing unit is
configured to perform (e.g., with the performing unit 1422) a
predefined operation associated with the first user interface
element in response to detecting the earlier increase in intensity
of the first contact above the first intensity threshold while the
focus selector is located on the first user interface element on
the display unit.
[0437] The operations in the information processing methods
described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more
functional modules in information processing apparatus such as
general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect
to FIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
[0438] The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 9A-9D
are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B
or FIG. 14. For example, detection operations 904, 908, and 910,
scrolling operation 906, and moving operation 912 are, optionally,
implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event
handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a
contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module
174 delivers the event information to application 136-1. A
respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the
event information to respective event definitions 186, and
determines whether a first contact at a first location on the
touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device)
corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection
of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from
one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or
sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event
handler 190 associated with the detection of the event or
sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater
176 or object updater 177 to update the application internal state
192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective
GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application.
Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in
the art how other processes can be implemented based on the
components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.
[0439] In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 15 shows a
functional block diagram of an electronic device 1500 configured in
accordance with the principles of the various described
embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally,
implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and
software to carry out the principles of the various described
embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that
the functional blocks described in FIG. 15 are, optionally,
combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles
of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description
herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation
or further definition of the functional blocks described
herein.
[0440] As shown in FIG. 15, an electronic device 1500 includes a
display unit 1402 configured to display a user interface, a
touch-sensitive surface unit 1504 configured to receive contacts,
one or more sensor units 1506 configured to detect intensity of
contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit 1504; and a
processing unit 1508 coupled with the display unit 1502, the
touch-sensitive surface unit 1504 and the one or more sensor units
1506. In some embodiments, the processing unit 1508 includes: a
presenting unit 1510, a detecting unit 1512, scrolling unit 1514,
an applying unit 1516, a removing unit 1518, a determining unit
1520, and a performing unit 1522.
[0441] The processing unit 1508 is configured to: present (e.g.,
with the presenting unit 1510); a first portion of content on the
display unit; while presenting the first portion of the content:
detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1512) a first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and detect (e.g., with the detecting
unit 1512) a first movement of the first contact on the
touch-sensitive surface unit; detect (e.g., with the detecting unit
1512) a lift-off of the first contact following the first movement
of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, in
response to detecting the lift-off of the first contact following
the first movement of the first contact on the touch-sensitive
surface unit: in accordance with a determination that the first
contact had a characteristic intensity above a respective intensity
threshold prior to the lift-off of the first contact, scroll (e.g.,
with the scrolling unit 1514) through the content to a predefined
portion of the content; and in accordance with a determination that
the first contact had a characteristic intensity below the
respective intensity threshold prior to the lift-off of the first
contact, scroll (e.g., with the scrolling unit 1514) through the
content by an amount that is determined based on a characteristic
speed of the first contact during the first movement.
[0442] In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a
predefined portion of the content includes accelerating scrolling
of the content to enable display of an end portion of the content
on the display unit.
[0443] In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds to
movement toward a top portion of the display unit.
[0444] In some embodiments, scrolling through the content to a
predefined portion of the content includes accelerating scrolling
of the content to enable display of a beginning portion of the
content on the display unit.
[0445] In some embodiments, the first movement corresponds to
movement toward a bottom portion of the display unit.
[0446] In some embodiments, scrolling through the content by an
amount that is determined based on a characteristic speed of the
first contact during the first movement includes: scrolling through
the content by a first amount before the lift-off of the first
contact; and continuing to scroll through the content by a second
amount after the lift-off of the first contact, wherein the
scrolling of the content after the lift-off of the first contact is
continued at an initial speed that is determined based on the
characteristic speed of the first contact during the first
movement.
[0447] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
detect (e.g., with the detecting unit 1512) the increase in
intensity of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit
above the respective intensity threshold during the first movement
of the first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and in
response to detecting the increase in intensity above the
respective intensity threshold, apply (e.g., with the applying unit
1516) a visual effect on the first portion of content on the
display unit.
[0448] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to
remove (e.g., with the removing unit 1518) the applied visual
effect on the first portion of content on the display unit during
the scrolling through the content to the predefined portion of the
content.
[0449] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
apply (e.g., with the applying unit 1516) an intensity filter to an
intensity profile of the first contact, wherein the intensity
filter shifts the intensity profile by a first time shift past the
lift-off of the first contact; and determine (e.g., with the
determining unit 1520) a steady state speed for the scrolling
through the content to the predefined portion of the content based
on a selected intensity value on the shifted intensity profile.
[0450] In some embodiments, scrolling through the content by an
amount that is determined based on a characteristic speed of the
first contact during the first movement includes scrolling through
the content to enable display of a second portion of the content,
and the processing unit is configured to: while displaying the
second portion of the content, detect (e.g., with the detecting
unit 1512) a predefined input while a focus selector is within a
predefined region on the display unit; and in response to detecting
the predefined input while the focus selector is within the
predefined region on the display unit, scroll (e.g., with the
scrolling unit 1514) through the content to the predefined portion
of the content.
[0451] In some embodiments, the processing unit is configured to:
prior to detecting the first movement of the first contact, detect
(e.g., with the detecting unit 1512) an earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact above the respective intensity
threshold while the first contact remains stationary on the
touch-sensitive surface unit; and determine (e.g., with the
determining unit 1520) that the first contact had a characteristic
intensity below the respective intensity threshold prior to the
lift-off of the first contact in accordance with a determination
that the intensity of the first contact remained below the
respective intensity threshold during the first movement of the
first contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit.
[0452] In some embodiments, detecting the earlier increase in
intensity of the first contact includes detecting the earlier
increase in intensity of the first contact above a first intensity
threshold while a focus selector is located on a first user
interface element on the display unit, and the processing unit is
configured to perform (e.g., with the performing unit 1522) a
predefined operation associated with the first user interface
element in response to detecting the earlier increase in intensity
of the first contact above the first intensity threshold while the
focus selector is located on a first user interface element on the
display unit.
[0453] The operations in the information processing methods
described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more
functional modules in information processing apparatus such as
general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect
to FIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
[0454] The operations described above with reference to FIGS.
10A-10C are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in
FIGS. 1A-1B or FIG. 15. For example, detection operations 1004,
1006 and scrolling operations 1008 are, optionally, implemented by
event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190.
Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on
touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module 174
delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respective
event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event
information to respective event definitions 186, and determines
whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive
surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a
predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a
user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to
another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is
detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190
associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event
handler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater 176 or object
updater 177 to update the application internal state 192. In some
embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater
178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it
would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how
other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted
in FIGS. 1A-1B.
[0455] The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has
been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the
illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or
to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many
modifications and variations are possible in view of the above
teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to
best explain the principles of the invention and its practical
applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best
use the invention and various described embodiments with various
modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
* * * * *