U.S. patent application number 17/039492 was filed with the patent office on 2021-04-15 for nutritional composition.
The applicant listed for this patent is SOCIETE DES PRODUITS NESTLE S.A.. Invention is credited to Catherine Mace, Magalie Sabatier, Yassaman Shahkhalili Dulloo, Carmen Tudorica.
Application Number | 20210106035 17/039492 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005315580 |
Filed Date | 2021-04-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20210106035 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Mace; Catherine ; et
al. |
April 15, 2021 |
NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION
Abstract
Use of a lentil product to increase the bioavailability of
non-haem iron in a composition comprising one or more
anti-nutritional factors.
Inventors: |
Mace; Catherine; (La
Conversion, CH) ; Sabatier; Magalie; (Lausanne,
CH) ; Shahkhalili Dulloo; Yassaman; (La Tour De
Peilz, CH) ; Tudorica; Carmen; (Vevey, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SOCIETE DES PRODUITS NESTLE S.A. |
Vevey |
|
CH |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005315580 |
Appl. No.: |
17/039492 |
Filed: |
September 30, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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PCT/IB2019/053789 |
May 8, 2019 |
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17039492 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23L 11/05 20160801;
A23L 33/105 20160801; A23L 7/197 20160801; A23L 33/40 20160801;
A23L 33/165 20160801; A23L 7/101 20160801; A23V 2002/00
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A23L 33/105 20060101
A23L033/105; A23L 7/10 20060101 A23L007/10; A23L 11/00 20060101
A23L011/00; A23L 33/165 20060101 A23L033/165; A23L 33/00 20060101
A23L033/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 8, 2018 |
EP |
18176727.8 |
Claims
1. A method to increase the bioavailability of non-haem iron in a
composition comprising one or more anti-nutritional factor, the
method comprising adding a lentil product to the composition.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the lentil product is
selected from the group consisting of a yellow lentil product, a
red lentil product, and a combination of the foregoing.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the one or more
anti-nutritional factor is phytic acid.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the composition
comprising one or more anti-nutritional factor comprises
wholegrain.
5. The method according to claim 4 wherein the wholegrain is
selected from the group consisting of whole grain maize, wheat,
rice, oat, corn, barley, rye, semolina, and a combination of any of
the foregoing.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the non-haem iron is
selected from the group consisting of ferrous sulfate, ferrous
bisglycinate, ferrous fumarate and a combination thereof.
7. A composition comprising a lentil product, non-haem iron and
wholegrain, wherein the composition is an infant cereal or a
nutritional composition for use in a complementary feeding
period.
8. The composition according to claim 7 wherein the lentil product
is selected from the group consisting of a yellow lentil product, a
red lentil product, and a combination of the foregoing.
9. The composition according to claim 7, wherein said composition
comprises 5 to 70% of the lentil product.
10. The composition according to claim 7 wherein said composition
comprises 5 to 30% of the wholegrain.
11. The composition according to claim 7 wherein said composition
comprises 5 to 30% of the wholegrain, at least 1.6 mg/100 kcal of
the non-haem iron, and 5 to 20% of the lentil product.
12. The composition according to claim 7 wherein the wholegrain is
selected from the group consisting of wholegrain maize, wheat,
rice, oat, corn, barley, rye, semolina and a combination of any of
the foregoing.
13. A method for treatment or prevention of sub-optimal iron levels
in an infant or child, the method comprising administering an
effective amount of a composition comprising a lentil product,
non-haem iron and wholegrain to the infant or child.
14. A method to maintain or optimize the iron status of an infant
or child, the method comprising administering an effective amount
of a composition comprising a lentil product, non-haem iron and
wholegrain to the infant or child.
15. (canceled)
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to the use of a lentil product
to increase the bioavailability of non-haem iron in a composition
comprising anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid e.g. a
composition comprising wholegrain.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A variety of short and long-term health benefits have been
attributed to the regular intake of wholegrain e.g. a reduction in
the short and long term risk of type II diabetes, obesity and,
heart disease; for this reason, an increasing number of consumers
are seeking out products comprising it.
[0003] In view of the health benefits and increased demand for
products comprising wholegrain, more and more companies are
replacing refined grain with wholegrain in their products.
[0004] Whilst the health benefits associated with wholegrain are
indisputable, its presence in a product can have drawbacks. In
particular in comparison to refined grain, wholegrain ordinarily
comprise more anti-nutritional factors, such as phytic acid. These
anti-nutritional factors can negatively affect the
absorption/bio-availability of non-haem iron from a product.
[0005] Poor absorption of non-haem iron from products, in
particular cereal or legume based foods, is believed to be major
factor in the etiology of iron deficiency, in particular in the
infant population.
[0006] Several methods have been developed to reduce the content of
anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid in compositions
comprising them e.g. pre-treatments involving fermentation,
soaking, germination and/or enzymatic treatment with phytase
enzyme. However, these methods have drawbacks because they may not
only reduce the concentration of anti-nutritional compounds, but
also other nutrients that may have health benefits. These methods
also add an additional cost element to the product production.
[0007] Accordingly, there is still a need to identify alternative
ways to mitigate the negative effect of anti-nutritional factors
such as phytic acid on non-haem iron absorption/bioavailability,
for example in compositions/products comprising wholegrain, in
particular there is a need to find ways that may not suffer from
one or more of the drawbacks of the prior art.
[0008] An object of the present invention is to address such a
need.
[0009] Surprisingly, the inventors have now found that a lentil
product may counteract the effect of one or more anti-nutritional
factors such as phytic acid, on non-haem iron
absorption/bioavailability. More particularly the inventors have
found that adding a lentil product to a composition comprising
antinutritional factors such as phytic acid e.g. a composition
comprising wholegrain, may reduce the inhibitory effect of one or
more anti-nutritional factor e.g. phytic acid, on the
absorption/bioavailability of non-haem iron from said
composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The invention is set out in the claims and in the detailed
description included herein. There is provided the use of a lentil
product to increase the bioavailability of non-haem iron in a
composition comprising one or more anti-nutritional factor.
[0011] Further provided is a composition comprising a lentil
product, non-haem iron and, wholegrain, wherein the composition is
a complementary nutritional composition for infants for use during
the complementary feeding period.
[0012] Also provided is a method of increasing the bioavailability
of non-haem iron in a composition comprising one or more
anti-nutritional factor, said method comprising the step of adding
to said composition a lentil product.
[0013] The lentil product may be a yellow lentil product, a red
lentil product, or a combination of the foregoing.
[0014] The one or more anti-nutritional factor may be phytic
acid.
[0015] The non-haem iron maybe ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate,
ferrous bisglycinate or a combination of any of the foregoing.
[0016] The composition comprising one or more anti-nutritional
factor may be a composition comprising wholegrain. The wholegrain
maybe whole grain maize, wheat, rice (for example red rice), oat,
corn, barley, semolina, or any combination of any of the
foregoing.
[0017] Wholegrain may be comprised in the composition of the
invention in a concentration of 5 to 30 w/w %.
[0018] Non haem-Iron may be, comprised in the, composition in a
concentration of at least 1.6 mg/100 Kcal of the composition.
[0019] A composition of the invention may be used in the treatment
or prevention of sub-optimal iron levels in a subject wherein said
subject is an infant or child.
[0020] A composition of the invention may be used to optimize the
iron status of a subject wherein said subject is an infant or
child.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0021] FIG. 1 Shows the iron bio-accessibility of iron
intrinsically present in references and prototypes comprising
different level of legumes, whole grains and milk. Results for
internal controls are represented by grey bars; results for
references and prototypes samples are represented by black
bars.
[0022] FIG. 2 Shows the effect of the addition of different legumes
inc. lentils in recipes comprising wheat whole grain and milk on
iron bio-accessibility. Reported percentage (mean.+-.SD) represent
the difference (%) in iron bio-accessibility between the samples
and the reference comprising whole grains and milk only. All
samples were fortified with the same level of iron and ascorbic
acid.
[0023] FIG. 3. Shows the effect of the addition of different
legumes inc. lentils in recipes comprising wheat whole grain and
milk on iron bio-accessibility. Reported percentage (mean.+-.SD)
represent the difference (%) in iron bio-accessibility between the
sample and the reference containing refined flour and milk
only.
[0024] FIG. 4. Shows the effect of the addition of lentils on Fe
bioaccessibility in a recipe comprising wheat whole grain.
[0025] FIG. 5. Shows Fe bioaccessibility of intrinsic Fe from a
reference comprising whole grain (ref WG BP) and from prototypes
containing whole grains (WG) and lentils.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The inventors have found that adding a lentil product to a
composition comprising one or more anti-nutritional factor e.g. a
composition comprising wholegrain, may increase the bioavailability
of non-haem iron in said composition. Without wishing to be bound
by theory the inventors believe that the lentil product may
reduce/mitigate the inhibitory effect of said one or more
anti-nutritional factor e.g. Phytic acid, on the absorption of
non-haem iron from said composition.
[0027] In a first aspect of the invention there is provided the use
of a lentil product to increase the bioavailability of non-haem
iron in a composition comprising one or more anti-nutritional
factor.
[0028] The term lentil product as used herein refers to a lentil or
part thereof, or any composition comprising one or more lentil or
one or more part of one or more lentil. The term lentil as used
herein refers to a seed of a plant of the species Lens culinaris
and subspecies Lens Culinaris Medik.
[0029] The lentil in the lentil product may be any type of lentil.
Non-limiting examples of types of lentil include green lentils,
French Green Lentils (Puy lentils), yellow lentils, red lentils,
and black/beluga lentils.
[0030] The present inventors have found that red and/or yellow
lentils may be particularly effective in the invention.
Accordingly, in an embodiment of the invention the lentil product
is selected from the group consisting of a red lentil product, a
yellow lentil product and a combination of the foregoing.
[0031] In a specific embodiment the lentil product is a yellow
lentil product.
[0032] The lentil product may be in any form, no limiting example
of forms include dehulled whole lentils, dehulled crushed lentils,
dehulled lentil flour (ground dehulled lentils), and combinations
of any of the foregoing. Crushing or grinding the lentils increases
the surface area and may release actives from the lentils. Crushed
or ground lentils may be more effective in the invention.
Accordingly, in a more specific embodiment of the invention, the
lentil product comprise crushed dehulled lentils, dehulld lentil
flour, or any combination of any of the foregoing e.g. the lentil
product comprise dehulled lentil flour or consists of dehulled
lentil flour.
[0033] The term "anti-nutritional factor" as used herein refers to
a compound that interferes with the absorption/bioavailability of
non-haem iron. Non-limiting examples of anti-nutritional factors
include: phytic acid, polyphenols, and calcium. Milk may also
interfere with the absorption/bioavailability of non-haem iron.
Accordingly, as used herein the term "anti-nutritional factor" also
refers to milk.
[0034] The inventors believes that a lentil product may be
particularly effective at counteracting the inhibitory effect of
phytic acid on the absorption of non-haem iron from a composition.
Accordingly, in an embodiment of the invention the anti-nutritional
factor is phytic acid.
[0035] The term "phytic acid" as used herein refers to a
myo-inositol phosphate i.e. myo-inositol monophosphate (InsP),
myo-inositol bisphosphate (InsP.sub.2), myo-inositol triphosphate
(InsP.sub.3), myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate (InsP.sub.4),
myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (InsP.sub.5) or myo-inositol
hexakisphosphate (InsP.sub.6). In the context of this invention,
the term "phytic acid" also includes any salt or ester of phytic
acid capable of forming phytic acid in the food or beverage
composition of the invention.
[0036] Anti-nutritional factors are found in a wide variety of
ingredients and food products and are known to be particularly
prevalent in plant derived ingredients and/or products and more
particularly in wholegrains. Accordingly, the lentil product may be
particularly effective when used in combination with
wholegrain.
[0037] Accordingly, in an embodiment of the present invention the
composition comprising an anti-nutritional factor is a composition
comprising wholegrain.
[0038] The term "whole grain", as used herein refers to a grain
product including the intact, ground, cracked or flaked caryopsis,
whose principal anatomical components: the starchy endosperm, germ
and bran, are present in the same relative proportions as they
exist in the intact caryopsis. The grain product may be any, grain.
Non limiting examples of grain include: Amaranth Amaranthus
emeritus, Barley Hordeum (vulgare), Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum,
Bulgur Triticum ssp., Corn Zea mays mays, Einkorn Triticum
monococcum L, Farro/Emmer Triticum turgidum dicoccum, Fonio,
Freekeh Triticum turgidum var. durum, Khorasan Grain (triticum
turgidum turanicum), Kaniwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), Millet
(Panicum miliaceum), Pennisetum Glaucum, Setaria italica, eleusine
coracana, (Digitaria exilic), Oats (Avena sativa), Quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa), Rice (Oryza sativa), Rye (Secale cereale),
Sorghum/Milo (Sorghum spp.), Spelt (Triticum aestivum spelta), Teff
(Eragrostis tef), Triticale (x triticosecale rimpaui), Wheat
(Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum), Wild Rice (Zizania spp.)
semolina, and any combination of any of the foregoing.
[0039] Wholegrain maize, wheat, oat, rye, corn, semolina and rice
(for example red rice) are extremely popular wholegrains employed
in food products, in particular food products for infants and
children.
[0040] Accordingly, in a more specific embodiment of the invention
the wholegrain is selected from the group consisting of: maize,
wheat, oat, rye, corn, semolina, rice and any combination of any of
the foregoing.
[0041] The term non-haem iron as used herein refers to any iron
that is not attached to a haem protein. It may be Fe(III) or
Fe(II). Fe(III) ions are iron ions of the +3 oxidation state. They
may also be referred to as Fe.sup.3+ ions or ferric ions. Fe(II)
ions are iron ions of the +2 oxidation state. They may also be
referred to as Fe.sup.2+ ions or ferrous ions. The non-haem iron
may be in the form of a salt. Non-limiting examples include: ferric
citrate, ferric amonimum citrate, ferric phosphate, ferric
pyrophosphate, ferric sodium diphosphate, ferrous ascorbate,
ferrous carbonate, ferrous citrate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous
gluconate, ferrous bisglycinate, ferrous lactate, ferrous sulfate,
ferrous succinate, ferrous ammonium phosphate, ferrous L-pidolate
and, any combination of any of the foregoing. The non-haem iron may
also be in the form of a physiologically acceptable iron chelate
such as for example NaFe EDTA (sodium iron EDTA).
[0042] Fe2+ is more bioavailable than Fe3+ and it may therefore be
more beneficial if iron is added into the composition in the form
of a ferrous salt or complex e.g. ferrous sulfate, ferrous
fumerate, ferrous bisglycinate or a combination thereof.
[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention the non-haem iron
is selected from the group consisting of ferrous sulfate, ferrous
bisglycinate, ferrous fumerate and a combination of any of the
foregoing.
[0044] The lentil product may be used in combination with any
ingredient known to improve the absorption/bioavailability of
non-haern iron from a composition. For example the lentil product
may be used in combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or other
organic acids.
[0045] In another embodiment of the present invention there is
provided the use of a lentil product and ascorbic acid to increase
the bioavailability of non-haem iron in a composition comprising
one or more anti-nutritional factor e.g. a composition comprising
phytic acid such as a composition comprising wholegrain.
[0046] The lentil product may be used to increase the
bioavailability of non-haem iron in any type of composition
comprising one or more anti-nutritional factor.
[0047] The composition may for example be a nutritional product, a
food product, a functional food product, a medical food, a
nutritional supplement, a pharmaceutical formulation, a beverage
product.
[0048] The term "food product", as used herein, refers to a product
that may be safely consumed by a human or animal and includes dairy
products, pet food products and, products intended for consumption
by infants, young children and children. Said food product may be
in solid, semi-solid or liquid form and may comprise one or more
nutrients.
[0049] The term "pet food product" as used herein refers to a
nutritional product that is intended for consumption by pets. A
pet, or companion animal, as referenced herein, is to be understood
as an animal selected from dogs, cats, birds, fish, rodents such as
mice, rats, and guinea pigs, rabbits, etc.
[0050] The term "dairy products", as used herein, refers to food
products produced from animals such as cows, goats, sheep, yaks,
horses, camels, and other mammals. Examples of dairy products are
low-fat milk (e.g. 0.1%, 0.5% or 1.5% fat), fat-free milk, milk
powder, whole milk, whole milk products, butter, buttermilk,
buttermilk products, skim milk, skim milk products, high milk-fat
products, condensed milk, creme fraiche, cheese, ice cream and
confectionery products, probiotic drinks or probiotic yoghurt type
drinks.
[0051] The term "functional food product" as used herein, refers to
a food product providing an additional health-promoting or
disease-preventing function to the individual e.g. low GI, diabetes
prevention and/or iron supplementation.
[0052] The term "medical food" as used herein refers to a special
class of nutritional compositions designed to provide dietary
management of certain conditions. The medical food meets certain
criteria as set out by and regulated under the Orphan Drug Act of
1983 in Section 5 [360ee](b)(2)(D).
[0053] The term "nutritional supplement" as used herein, refers to
a nutritional product that provides nutrients to an individual that
may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities by said
individual.
[0054] The term "pharmaceutical formulation" as used herein, refers
to a composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically active
agent, chemical substance or drug.
[0055] The term "beverage product" as used herein, refers to a
nutritional product in liquid or semi-liquid form that may be
safely consumed by an individual.
[0056] Term "products intended for consumption by infants, young
children and children" as used herein refers to products
specifically formulation for consumption by infants, young children
and/or children. Non-limiting examples include infant formula,
follow on formula, growing up milks, baby food including infant
cereals and nutritional compositions for use in the complementary
feeding period e.g. infant cereals for use in the complementary
feeding period.
[0057] The term "complementary feeding period" indicates the
process of gradually introducing a mammal infant to what will be
its adult diet and complementing the supply of its mother's milk
with solid foods. For humans, the complementary feeding period
typically starts at age between 4 and 6 months of infant's age and
is considered completed once the infant is not anymore fed with any
breast milk (or substitute infant formula), typically at 24 months.
In one embodiment, the complementary feeding period is comprised
between 4, for example 6, months and 24, for example 18 months of
infant's age.
[0058] The term "a nutritional composition for use in the
complementary feeding period" as used herein refers to a
nutritional composition which is designed to be administered to an
infant or young child at the time the complementary feeding period
starts or afterwards. In one embodiment, the complementary
nutritional corn position is administered during the complementary
feeding period. This nutritional composition is usually to be taken
enterally, orally, parenterally or intravenously, and it usually
includes a lipid or fat source, a protein source and a carbohydrate
source.
[0059] In an embodiment of the invention the lentil product is used
to increase the bio-availability of non-haem iron in a composition
comprising one or more anti-nutritional factor wherein said
composition is an infant cereal or nutritional composition for use
in the complementary feeding period e.g. wherein said composition
is an infant cereal for use in the complementary feeding
period.
[0060] The lentil product may for example be used in conjunction
with wholegrain cereal to replace part of the skimmed milk or
refined cereal in an infant cereals or nutritional compositions for
use in the complementary feeding period e.g infant cereals for use
in the complementary feeding period, and may maintain the iron
bioavailability in said product despite the increase in phytic acid
due to the increase in the concentration of wholegrain cereal or
other ingredients that may be a source of anti-nutritional factors
in said composition.
[0061] In another aspect of the present invention there is provided
,a composition comprising a lentil product, non-haem iron and an
anti-nutritional factor e.g. phytic acid. In an embodiment the
composition comprise a lentil product, non-haem iron and
wholegrain.
[0062] The composition may for example be a nutritional product, a
food product, a functional food product, a medical food, a
nutritional supplement, a pharmaceutical formulation, a beverage
product.
[0063] The composition of the invention may comprise the lentil
product in any amount for example in an effective amount. An
effective amount may be any amount that increased the
bioavailability of non-haem iron in a composition comprising one or
more anti-nutritional factor. It is well within the purview of the
skilled person to determine an effective amount. An effective
amount may for example be determined by measuring the
bio-availability of non-haem iron said composition before and after
the addition of a lentil product and determining what concentration
of lentil product results in an increase in the bio-availability of
the non-haem iron in said composition. The effective amount may
depend on the concentration of the anti-nutritional factors and/or
the concentration of the non-haem iron in said composition.
[0064] In an embodiment of the invention the composition comprising
a lentil product, non-haem iron and wholegrain is an infant cereals
or nutritional compositions for use in the complementary feeding
period e.g. is an infant cereal for use in the complementary
feeding period.
[0065] In an embodiment the lentil product comprised in the infant
cereals or nutritional compositions for use in the complementary
feeding period is selected from the group consisting of a yellow
lentil product, a red lentil product, and a combination of the
foregoing. In a more specific embodiment the lentil product is a
yellow lentil product.
[0066] The lentil product may be comprised in the infant cereal or
nutritional composition for use in the complementary feeding period
in any amount. It may for example be used in an effective
amount.
[0067] In one embodiment, the infant cereal or complementary
nutritional composition for use in the complementary feeding period
comprise a lentil product in an amount of 5 to 80% w/w of the
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period, for example in an amount in the range
of at least 5 to 70% w/w, 5% to 20% w/w, 8% to 20% w/w, 9% to 20%
w/w.
[0068] Non-haem Iron may be comprised in the infant cereal or
nutritional composition for use in the complementary feeding period
in any amount.
[0069] In one embodiment, the infant cereal or complementary
nutritional composition for use in the complementary feeding period
comprise non-haem iron in an amount of at least 1.6 mg of iron per
100 Kcal of the infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use
in the complementary feeding period, for example in an amount in
the range of at least 1.6 mg up to 3 mg of non-haem iron per 100
Kcal of the infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period.
[0070] In a specific embodiment the non-haem iron is selected from
the group consisting of: ferrous sulfate, ferrous bisglycinate,
ferrous fumerate and any combination of any of the foregoing.
[0071] Whole grain may be comprised in the infant cereal or
nutritional compositions for use in the complementary feeding
period in any amount. It may for instance constitute 100% of the
cereal flour comprised in the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period.
[0072] In one embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
an amount of wholegrain cereal flour ranging from 10 to 90% w/w,
for example 15 to 70% w/w.
[0073] In a specific embodiment the infant cereal or nutritional
composition for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
wholegrain cereal flour in an amount ranging from 10% to 55% w/w of
cereal flour comprised in the composition, for example, the
composition comprise 45% to 90% w/w of refined flour and 10 to 55%
w/w of whole grain flour.
[0074] In another specific embodiment the infant cereal or
nutritional composition for use in the complementary feeding
period, and comprises whole grain an amount ranging from 40 to 85%
w/w or 50 to 90% w/w of cereal flour for example it comprises 40 to
70% w/w of refined flour and 30% to 60% w/w of whole grain
flour.
[0075] In another specific embodiment the infant cereal or
nutritional composition for use in the complementary feeding period
comprises whole grain in an amount ranging from 40 to 85% w/w or 50
to 90% w/w of cereal flour for example it comprises 40 to 70% w/w
of refined flour and 30% to 60% w/w of whole grain flour.
[0076] In an embodiment the infant cereal or nutritional
composition for use in the complementary feeding period comprises 5
to 30% w/w of whole grain, at least 1.6 mg per 100 kcal of non haem
iron and 5 to 20% w/w of a lentil product, for example 5 to 20% w/w
or 5 to 16% w/w wholegrain, at least 1.6 mg per 100 kcal of non
haem iron and 5 to 20% w/w of a lentil product.
[0077] In an embodiment the whole grain is selected from the group
consisting of wholegrain maize, wheat, rice, oat, corn, barley,
rye, semolina, and any combination of any of the foregoing.
[0078] The infant cereal or nutritional composition for use in the
complementary feeding period according to the invention may also
comprise any ingredient ordinarily found in this type of
composition.
[0079] The infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period may for example further comprise at
least one carbohydrate-based ingredient with a low glycemic
index.
[0080] In an embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
at least one carbohydrate-based ingredient selected from the group
consisting of: Resistant starches, Amylose, Sucrose, Lactose,
Isomaltulose, Maltitol, Galactose, Fructose, Isomalt, Xilitol and
Polydextrose.
[0081] In an embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise a
sugar or mixtures thereof. In a specific embodiment, the total
amount of sugars ranges from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 0 to
20% w/w, for example between 2 to 25% w/w, 5 to 25% w/w, 5 to 18%
w/w.
[0082] In another embodiment, the amount of added sugars in the
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period ranges from 0 to 30% w/w, for example
from 1 to 20% w/w or from 5 to 15% w/w.
[0083] In one embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
an amount of added sugars with low glycemic index which ranges from
0 to 30% w/w, for example from 1 to 20% w/w or from 5 to 15% w/w.
The low glycemic index sugar may for example be selected in the
group consisting of: lactose, galactose, fructose, isomaltulose and
a combination of any of the foregoing.
[0084] In an embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
an edible fat or mixtures thereof, for example it comprise
vegetable oils (for example rapeseed oil, palm oil, corn oil, soy
oil, coconut oil and/or sunflower oil) and/or fats derived from
milk. In a specific embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
fats in, an amount ranging from 8 to 20% w/w of the composition,
for example ranging from 10 to 20% w/w, for example ranging from 10
to 17% w/w or from 10 to 15% w/w. The energy provided by fats may
range from 22 to 40%, for example between 27 and 38% of the total
energy intake provided by the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period.
[0085] In another embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period doesn't
comprise fats.
[0086] In an embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
total dietary fiber in a total amount ranging from 0 to 25% w/w, 0
to 20% w/w for example from 2 to 22% w/w; for example from 2 to 12%
w/w, for example 0 to 10% w/w, for example from 6 to 10% w/w, 1 to
8% w/w, 5 to 18% w/w or from 1.5 to 7% w/w.
[0087] In an embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise a
milk-based ingredient or mixtures thereof. In a specific
embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use
in the complementary feeding period comprise a milk-based
ingredient in an amount ranging from 0 to 35% w/w, for example 0 to
30% w/w, for example from 1 to 25% w/w, for example from 5 to 25%
w/w.
[0088] In a more specific embodiment, the complementary nutritional
composition comprises milk-based ingredients having a GI lower or
equal to 30. The milk based ingredient may be bovine milk or goats
milk e.g. it may be bovine skimmed milk.
[0089] In an embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise
one or more legumes in addition to the lentil product. In a
specific embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional compositions
for use in the complementary feeding period comprise one or more
legumes, in addition to the lentil product, in an amount ranging
from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for example from
10 to 25% w/w. In a more specific embodiment each of the one or
more legumes or the combination of said legumes has a GI lower or
equal to 65, for example 50.
[0090] In one embodiment, the infant cereal or nutritional
compositions for use in the complementary feeding period comprise a
fruit or mixtures thereof. In a specific embodiment, the infant
cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the complementary
feeding period comprise fruits in an amount ranging from 0 to 25%
w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w, 1 to 20% w/w, 1 to 15% w/w.
[0091] In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides an
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period comprising: [0092] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 20 to 90% w/w wherein 5 to 100% of the cereal
flour is wholegrain flour; [0093] sugar in amount ranging from 0 to
30% w/w, for example from 0 to 20% w/w, for example between 5 to
18% w/w; [0094] added sugar with low glycemic index in amount
ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 1 to 20% w/w, for
example from 5 to 15% w/w; [0095] fat in an amount ranging from 8
to 20% w/w, of the composition, for example ranging from 10 to 17%
w/w, for example from 10 to 15% w/w; [0096] total amount of dietary
fiber in amount ranging from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 2 to
25% w/w; [0097] added fiber in amount ranging from 0 to 20% w/w;
[0098] milk-based ingredient in an amount ranging from 0 to 30%
w/w, for example from 1 to 25% w/w, for example from 5 to 25% w/w;
[0099] legume (in addition to a lentil product) in amount ranging
from 0 to 40% w/w, for example from 5 to 40% w/w; [0100] fruit in
an amount ranging from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w.
[0101] Lentil flour (red or yellow or a combination thereof) in an
amount ranging from 2 to 70% w/w 5 to 15% w/w. [0102] Non haem-iron
in an amount equating to at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the
composition.
[0103] In another specific embodiment, the present invention
provides an infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period comprising: [0104] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 20 to 70% w/w, for example 30 to 55% w/w of
cereal flours; [0105] sugar in amount ranging from 0 to 30% w/w,
for example from 0 to 20% w/w, for example between 5 to 18% w/w;
[0106] added sugar with low glycemic index in amount ranging from 0
to 30% w/w, for example from 1 to 20% w/w, for example from 5 to
15% w/w; [0107] fat in an amount ranging from 8 to 20% w/w of the
composition, for example ranging from 10 to 17% w/w, for example
from 10 to 15% w/w; [0108] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 2 to 12% w/w, for example from 6 to 10% w/w; [0109]
added fiber in amount ranging from 0 to 10% w/w, for example from 1
to 8% w/w, for example from 1.5 to 7% w/w; [0110] milk-based
ingredient in an amount ranging from 0 to 35% w/w, for example 0 to
30% w/w, for example from 1 to 25% w/w, for example from 5 to 25%
w/w; [0111] legume (in addition to a lentil product) in amount
ranging from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for
example from 10 to 25% w/w; [0112] fruit in an amount ranging from
0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w. [0113] Lentil flour
(red or yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from
2 to 70% w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. [0114] Non haem-iron in an amount
equating to at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0115] In yet another specific embodiment, the present invention
provides an infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period comprising: [0116] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 20 to 70% w/w, for example 30 to 55% w/w of
cereal flours, for example 33 to 50% w/w; [0117] sugar in amount
ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 0 to 25% w/w, for
example from 5 to 25% w/w, for example from 0 to 20% w/w, for
example between 5 to 18% w/w; [0118] added sugar with low glycemic
index in amount ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 1 to
20% w/w, for example from 5 to 15% w/w; [0119] fat in an amount
ranging from 8 to 20% w/w of the composition, for example ranging
from 10 to 17% w/w, for example from 10 to 15% w/w; [0120] total
amount of dietary fiber in amount ranging from 2 to 12% w/w, for
example from 6 to 10% w/w; [0121] added fiber in amount ranging
from 0 to 10% w/w, for example from 1 to 8% w/w, for example from
1.5 to 7% w/w; [0122] milk-based ingredient in an amount ranging
from 0 to 35% w/w, for example from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from
1 to 25% w/w, for example from 5 to 25% w/w; [0123] legume (in
addition to the lentil product) in amount ranging from 5 to 40%
w/w, for example from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w,
for example from 10 to 25% w/w; [0124] fruit in an amount ranging
from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w. Lentil flour (red
or yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to
70% w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to
at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0125] In another specific embodiment, the present invention
provides an infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period comprising: [0126] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 33 to 50% w/w; [0127] sugar in amount ranging
from from 5 to 25% w/w; [0128] added sugar with low glycemic index
in amount ranging from 5 to 15% w/w; [0129] fat in an amount
ranging from 10 to 17% w/w; [0130] total amount of dietary fiber in
amount ranging 6 to 10% w/w; [0131] added fiber in amount ranging
from 0 to 10% w/w, for example from 1 to 8% w/w, for example from
1.5 to 7% w/w; [0132] milk-based ingredient in an amount ranging
from 5 to 25% w/w; [0133] legume (in addition to the lentil
product) in amount ranging from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 5 to
40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for example from 10 to 25%
w/w; [0134] fruit in an amount ranging from 0 to 25% w/w, for
example from 1 to 18% w/w. Lentil flour (red or yellow or a
combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to 70% w/w e.g. 5
to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to at least 1.6 mg
per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0135] In a further specific embodiment, the present invention
provides an infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period comprising: [0136] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 33 to 50% w/w; [0137] sugar in amount ranging
from 5 to 25% w/w; [0138] added sugar with low glycemic index in
amount ranging from 5 to 15% w/w; [0139] fat in an amount ranging
from 10 to 17% w/w; [0140] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 6 to 10% w/w; [0141] added fiber in amount ranging
from 1.5 to 7% w/w; [0142] milk-based ingredient in an amount
ranging from 5 to 25% w/w; [0143] legume (in addition to a lentil
product) in amount ranging from 10 to 25% w/w; [0144] fruit in an
amount ranging from 1 to 18% w/w; [0145] wherein the complementary
nutritional composition comprises 0 to 30% w/w of cereal refined
flour and 0 to 55% of cereal whole grain flours. Lentil flour (red
or yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to
70% w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to
at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0146] In yet a further specific embodiment, the present invention
provides an infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period comprising: [0147] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 33 to 50% w/w; [0148] sugar in amount ranging
from 5 to 25% w/w; [0149] added sugar with low glycemic index in
amount ranging from 5 to 15% w/w; [0150] fat in an amount ranging,
from 10 to 17% w/w; [0151] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 6 to 10% w/w; [0152] added fiber in amount ranging
from 0 to 10% w/w, for example from 1 to 8% w/w, for example from
1.5 to 7% w/w; [0153] milk-based ingredient in an amount ranging
from 5 to 25% w/w; [0154] legume (in addition to a lentil product)
in amount ranging from 10 to 25% w/w; [0155] fruit in an amount
ranging from 1 to 18% w/w; Lentil flour (red or yellow or a
combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to 70% w/w e.g. 5
to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to at least 1.6 mg
per 100 Kcal of the composition. wherein the complementary
nutritional composition comprises 0 to 30% w/w of cereal refined
flour and 0 to 55% w/w of cereal whole grain flours.
[0156] In a further specific embodiment, the present invention
provides an infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period comprising: [0157] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 33 to 50% w/w; [0158] sugar in amount ranging
from 5 to 25% w/w; [0159] added sugar with low glycemic index in
amount ranging from 5 to 15% w/w; [0160] fat in an amount ranging
from 10 to 17% w/w; [0161] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 6 to 10% w/w; [0162] added fiber in amount ranging
from 1.5 to 7% w/w; [0163] milk-based ingredient in an amount
ranging from 5 to 25% w/w; [0164] legume (in addition to the lentil
product) in amount ranging from 10 to 25% w/w; [0165] fruit in an
amount ranging from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w,
Lentil flour (red or yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount
ranging from 2 to 70% w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an
amount equating tout least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the
composition.
[0166] Wherein the complementary nutritional composition comprises
0 to 30% w/w of cereal refined flour and 0 to 55% w/w of cereal
whole grain flours.
[0167] In a further specific embodiment, the present invention
provides an infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in
the complementary feeding period comprising: [0168] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 33 to 50% w/w; [0169] sugar in amount ranging
from 5 to 25% w/w; [0170] added sugar with low glycemic index in
amount ranging from 5 to 15% w/w; [0171] fat in an amount ranging
from 10 to 17% w/w; [0172] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 6 to 10% w/w; [0173] added fiber in amount ranging
from 1,5 to 7% w/w; [0174] milk-based ingredient in an amount
ranging from 5 to 25% w/w; [0175] legume (in addition to a lentil
product) in amount ranging from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 5 to
40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for example from 10 to 25%
w/w; [0176] fruit in an amount ranging from 1 to 18% w/w; [0177]
wherein the complementary nutritional composition comprises 0 to
30% w/w of cereal refined flour and 0 to 55% w/w of cereal whole
grain flours. Lentil flour (red or yellow or a combination thereof)
in an amount ranging from 2 to 70% w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. Non
haem-iron in an amount equating to at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of
the composition.
[0178] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period comprising: [0179] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 20 to 90% w/w, for example 40 to 85% w/w of
cereal flours; total sugar in amount ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for
example from 0 to 20% w/w, for example between 5 to 18% w/w; [0180]
added sugar with low glycemic index in amount ranging from 0 to 30%
w/w, for example from 1 to 20% w/w, for example from 5 to 15% w/w;
[0181] fat in an amount ranging from 0 to 10% w/w of the
composition, for example ranging from 0 to 8% w/w, for example from
0 to 5% w/w; [0182] total amount of dietary fiber in amount ranging
from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 2 to 22% w/w; [0183] added
fiber in amount ranging from 0 to 20% w/w, for example from 5 to
18% w/w; [0184] legume (in addition to a lentil product) in amount
ranging from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for
example from 10 to 25% w/w; [0185] fruit in an amount ranging from
0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w. [0186] Lentil flour
(red or yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from
2 to 70% w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. [0187] Non haem-iron in an amount
equating to at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0188] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period comprising: [0189] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 20 to 90% w/w, for example 40 to 85% w/w, for
example 50 to 90% w/w of cereal flours; [0190] total sugar in
amount ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 5 to 25% w/w,
for example from 0 to 20% w/w, for example from 2 to 20% w/w, for
example between 5 to 18% w/w; [0191] added sugar with low glycemic
index in amount ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 1 to
20% w/w, for example from 5 to 15% w/w; [0192] fat in an amount
ranging from 0 to 10% w/w of the composition, for example ranging
from 0 to 5% w/w; [0193] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 2 to 22% w/w; [0194]
added fiber in amount ranging from 0 to 20% w/w, for example from 5
to 18% w/w; [0195] legume (in addition to a lentil product) in
amount ranging from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w,
for example from 10 to 25% w/w; [0196] fruit in an amount ranging
from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w. Lentil flour (red
or yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to
70% w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to
at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0197] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period comprising: [0198] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 50 to 90% w/w; [0199] total sugar in amount
ranging from 5 to 18% w/w; [0200] added sugar with low glycemic
index in amount ranging from 5 to 15% w/w; [0201] fat in an amount
ranging from 0 to 10% w/w of the composition, for example ranging
from 0 to 5% w/w; [0202] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 2 to 22% w/w; [0203] added fiber in amount ranging
from 0 to 20% w/w, for example from 5 to 18% w/w; [0204] legume (in
addition to a lentil product) in amount ranging from 5 to 40% w/w,
for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for example from 10 to 25% w/w;
[0205] fruit in an amount ranging from 0 to 25% w/w, for example
from 1 to 18% w/w. wherein the complementary nutritional
composition comprises 30 to 50% w/w of cereal refined flour and 20
to 40% of cereal whole grain flours. Lentil flour (red or yellow or
a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to 70% w/w e.g.
5 to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to at least 1.6
mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0206] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period comprising: [0207] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 50 to 90% w/w; [0208] total sugar in amount
ranging from 5 to 18% w/w; [0209] added sugar with low glycemic
index in amount ranging from 5 to 15% w/w; [0210] fat in an amount
ranging from 0 to 10% w/w of the composition, for example ranging
from 0 to 5% w/w; [0211] total amount of dietary fiber in amount
ranging from 2 to 22% w/w; [0212] added fiber in amount ranging
from 5 to 18% w/w; [0213] legume (in addition to a lentil product)
in amount ranging from 10 to 25% w/w; [0214] fruit in an amount
ranging from 1 to 18% w/w; wherein the complementary nutritional
composition comprises 30 to 50% w/w of cereal refined flour and 20
to 40% of cereal whole grain flours. [0215] Lentil flour (red or
yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to 70%
w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. [0216] Non haem-iron in an amount equating
to at least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0217] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an
infant cereal or nutritional compositions for use in the
complementary feeding period comprising: [0218] cereal flour in
amount ranging from 20 to 70% w/w, for example 30 to 55% w/w of
cereal flours, for example 33 to 50% w/w; [0219] sugar in amount
ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 0 to 25% w/w, for
example from 5 to 25% w/w, for example from 0 to 20% w/w, for
example between 5 to 18% w/w; [0220] added sugar with low glycemic
index in amount ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from 1 to
20% w/w, for example from 5 to 15% w/w; [0221] fat in an amount
ranging from 8 to 20% w/w of the composition, for example ranging
from 10 to 17% w/w, for example from 10 to 15% w/w; [0222] total
amount of dietary fiber in amount ranging from 2 to 12% w/w, for
example from 6 to 10% w/w; [0223] added fiber in amount ranging
from 0 to 10% w/w, for example from 1 to 8% w/w, for example from
1.5 to 7% w/w; [0224] milk-based ingredient in an amount ranging
from 0 to 35% w/w, for example from 0 to 30% w/w, for example from
1 to 25% w/w, for example from 5 to 25% w/w; [0225] legume (in
addition to a lentil product) in amount ranging from 5 to 40% w/w,
for example from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for
example from 10 to 25% w/w; [0226] fruit in an amount ranging from
0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w; Lentil flour (red or
yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to 70%
w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to at
least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0228] OR [0229] cereal flour in amount ranging from 20 to 90% w/w,
for example 40 to 85% w/w, for example 50 to 90% w/w of cereal
flours; [0230] total sugar in amount ranging from 0 to 30% w/w, for
example from 5 to 25% w/w, for example from 0 to 20% w/w, for
example from 2 to 20% w/w, for example between 5 to 18% w/w; [0231]
added sugar with low glycemic index in amount ranging from 0 to 30%
w/w, for example from 1 to 20% w/w, for example from 5 to 15% w/w;
[0232] fat in an amount ranging from 0 to 10%w w/w of the
composition, for example ranging from 0 to 8% w/w, for example from
0 to 5% w/w; [0233] total amount of dietary fiber in amount ranging
from 0 to 25% w/w, for example from 2 to 22% w/w; [0234] added
fiber in amount ranging from 0 to 20% w/w, for example from 5 to
18% w/w; [0235] legume (in addition to a lentil product)in amount
ranging from 5 to 40% w/w, for example from 8 to 30% w/w, for
example from 10 to 25% w/w; [0236] fruit in an amount ranging from
0 to 25% w/w, for example from 1 to 18% w/w; Lentil flour (red or
yellow or a combination thereof) in an amount ranging from 2 to 70%
w/w e.g. 5 to 15% w/w. Non haem-iron in an amount equating to at
least 1.6 mg per 100 Kcal of the composition.
[0237] When the complementary nutritional composition is an infant
cereal product, it may comprise at least 0.48 g/100 kJ of a protein
source, at most 1.1 g/100 kJ of a lipid source and a carbohydrate
source.
[0238] Infant cereals are known in the art. Infant cereals are
compositions containing cereals to be administered to infants. They
are usually to be administered using a spoon, and may be offered as
dry cereal for infants, for example. Also ready to serve infant
cereals are within the scope of the present invention. The codex a
limentarius offers guidance on what ingredients an infant cereal
should contain. Infant cereals may be intended to be reconstituted
either in water or in milk.
[0239] Typically, the caloric density as well as the amounts and
kinds of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids present in the infant
cereal should be carefully adjusted to the needs of the infant and
are dependent on the infant stage of development and age.
[0240] It is well known that the requirements for nutrition of an
infant changes with the development and age of the infant, and the
composition of the infant cereal ideally reflects this change.
[0241] Hence, a standard infant cereal (to be prepared with milk)
according to the present invention to-be to be administered to
infants at the age of 4-6 months may have an energy density of
220-240 kJ/15 g, 0.8-1.2 g/15 g of a protein, source, 0.1-0.3 g of
a fat source and 12.3-12.7 g/15 g of a carbohydrate source. Such an
infant cereal may contain, for example, Rice flour, Maize
Maltodextrin, Vitamin C, lentil flour and non-haem iron.
[0242] A standard infant cereal (to be prepared with milk)
according to the present invention to be to be administered to
infants at the age, of 6-12 months may have an energy density of
220-240 kJ/15 g, 1.5-1.9 g/15 g of a protein source, 0.2-0.4 g of a
fat source and 11.1-11.5 g/15 g of a carbohydrate source. Such an
infant cereal may contain, for example, Wheat flour, Semolina from
wheat, non-haem Iron, lentil flour, Vitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin B6,
Thiamin, and Maize Maltodextrin.
[0243] Hence, an infant cereal to be prepared with water according
to the present invention to be administered to infants from the age
of 4-6 months may have per 100 g, energy density of 400-420 kcal
100 g, 10-16 g of a protein source, 7-17 g of a fat source and
50-75 g of a carbohydrate source. Such an infant cereal may
contain, for example, Rice flour, Maize Maltodextrin, Vitamin C,
lentil flour, and non-haem iron.
[0244] An infant cereal according to the present invention may for
example be to be administered to infants at the age of 6-12 months.
Such an infant cereal may contain, for example, Wheat flour,
Semolina from wheat, lentil flour, Vitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin B6,
Thiamin, and Maize Maltodextrin, non-haem iron.
[0245] Infant cereals may be prepared from one or more milled
cereals, which may constitute at least 25weight-% of the final
mixture on a dry weight basis.
[0246] The infant cereals of the present invention are preferably
prepared from a single grain--like rice cereal or wheat
cereal--because single grain compositions are less likely to cause
an allergic reactions.
[0247] Typically, infants cereals are to be mixed with water or
milk before consumption. For example 15 g of an infant cereal of
the present invention may be to be mixed with 45 mL (complete
infant cereal) of water or 90 ml of milk (standard infant cereal)
respectively.
[0248] The expression "carbohydrate-based ingredient" or
"carbohydrate-based ingredients" in the context of the present
invention indicates a food ingredient consisting of or comprising
one or more carbohydrates. Non-limiting examples of carbohydrate
based ingredients are: cereal flours (for example whole grain or
refined flour from maize, wheat, rice, oat), cereal starches (for
example from maize, wheat, oath, rice) sugars [honey,
monosaccharides (eg. Galactose, fructose, glucose), disaccharides
(eg. Sucrose, lactose, isomaltulose, maltose)], oligosaccharides
(fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides,
gluco-oligosaccharides, maltodextrines), polysaccharides (eg.
resistant starches), fibers (soluble and insoluble), pulses [for
example Green lentils, red lentils, yellow lentils, mung bean, cow
peas, chick peas, butter bean, black eye bean, kidney bean, pea,
pigeon pea, soya bean, haricot & navy beans, blacked bean,
Soybean, Pea, Lupin, Faba bean, Mung Beans, Chickpeas, Cowpea,
Carob, Beans white/green/black/red, Navy beans, Lima beans, Pinto
beans, Pigeon Pea, Black gram, Carioguinha beans, Bambara bean
(Vigna subterranean), Yarn bean, Canada flour, Flaxseed Powder,
Chestnut flour], fruit, milk-based ingredients (for example powder
skimmed or whole milk).
[0249] The expressions "sugar" or "sugars" within the context of
the, present invention comprises available monosaccharides (eg.
Galactose, fructose, glucose) available disaccharides (eg. Sucrose,
lactose, isomaltulose, maltose) or mixtures thereof.
[0250] Within the context of the present invention the term "added
sugar" indicates an ingredient mainly or totally constituted by
sugar which is added to the composition and whose content in sugar
contributes to the total sugar content of the composition.
[0251] The total sugar content of the composition is provided by
the sum of amount of sugar naturally present in ingredients used in
the recipe (for example from cereal flour), those possibly produced
during processing plus the amount of added sugar. As it will be
apparent to the person skilled in the art, the total amount of
sugars will also comprise any sugar amount which may be released by
ingredients used in the recipe during processing due to the
specific conditions used (for example comprising partial hydrolysis
of starch). Determination of total sugars in the composition
according to the invention may be carried out according to methods
well known to the person skilled in the art.
[0252] For example, for quantification of total sugars in Infant
cereals products the following method can be used:
[0253] The quantification of mono- and disaccharides in infant
cereal samples can be completed by weighing a 1-3.+-.0.001 gram
sample into a 100 mL volumetric flask and 60 milliliters of
demineralized water were added. Mono- and disaccharides contained
in the samples are extracted by placing the flasks into a
70.degree. C. water bath for 20 min with constant agitation.
Samples are cooled to room temperature and more demineralized water
is added to make up the mark on each volumetric flask, stoppers
placed and closed flasks were shaken vigorously. Samples are then
filtered through folded filter paper (No 597, 150 mm .0.) and
through a 0.2 .mu.m HPLC-filter before injection (25 mm .0.,
8825-P-2 Infochroma AG). A solution containing monomeric glucose,
dimeric lactose, sucrose, maltose, isomaltulose, and
maltooligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization ranging
from 3-7 is prepared as standard for peak identification and
saccharide quantification.
[0254] Filtered samples are injected into chromatograph after
degassing the eluents (demineralized water, 18 M.OMEGA.cm minimum;
300 mM NaOH; 500 mM NaOH with 150 mM NaOAc) by sparging helium for
20-30 min and allowing the system to equilibrate. The following
chromatographic conditions may be used: CarboPac PA1 (Dionex)
column and guard column; 20 .mu.L injection volume; 300 mM NaOH
eluent with 0.6 mL/min flow rate as post column addition;
22.degree. C. temperature.
[0255] The expression "milk-based ingredient" or "milk-based
ingredients" in the context of the present invention identifies
carbohydrate containing ingredients derived from mammal milk for
example cow, goat and/or buffalo or mixtures thereof. Non-limiting
examples of such ingredients comprise: fresh milk, concentrated
milk, powder milk, whole milk, skimmed and/or semi-skimmed
milk.
[0256] As it will be apparent to the skilled person, milk-based
ingredients according to the present invention may bring additional
nutrients beyond carbohydrates to the composition, such as for
example proteins and fats.
[0257] Within the context of the present invention the term "added
sugar with lowglycemic index" indicates added sugar as above
defined which is caractherized by having a low, glycaemic index.
For the sake of clarity, the amount of lactose contained in any
milk-based ingredient used in the recipe, will also account as
added sugar with low glycaemic index.
[0258] The expressions "fiber" or "fibers" or "dietary fiber" or
"dietary fibers" within the context of the present invention
indicates the indigestible portion, in the small intestine, of food
derived from plants which comprises two main components: soluble
fiber, which dissolves in water and insoluble fiber. Mixtures of
fibers, are comprised within the scope of the terms above
mentioned. Soluble fiber is readily fermented in the colon into
gases and physiologically active byproducts, and can be prebiotic
and viscous. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water, is,
metabolically inert and provides bulking, or it can be prebiotic
and metabolically ferment in the large intestine. Chemically,
dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides such as
arabinoxylans, cellulose and many other plant components such as
resistant starch, resistant dextrins, inulin, lignin, chitins,
pectins, beta-glucans, and oligosaccharides. Non-limiting examples
of dietary fibers are: prebiotic fibers such as Fructo-oligosaccha
rides (FOS), inulin, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), fruit fiber,
vegetable fiber, cereal fiber, resistant starch such as high
amylose corn starch. As fibers are not digestible, they do not
contain available carbohydrates and on this basis they do not
contribute to the GI or GL of the composition they're part of.
[0259] Within the context of the present invention the term "added
fiber" or "added dietary fiber" indicates an ingredient mainly or
totally constituted by fiber which is added to the composition and
whose content in fiber contributes to the total fiber content of
the composition. The total fiber content of the, composition is,
provided by the sum of amount of fiber naturally present in
ingredients used in the recipe (for example from whole grain cereal
flour) plus amount of added fiber.
[0260] Within the context of the present invention, the term
"fruit" or "fruits" indicates ingredients derived from fruit such
as for example fresh fruit, fruit paste, dried fruit, fruit
extracts and/or centrifugates. Mixtures of such ingredients are
also comprised within the scope of the terms above mentioned.
Non-limiting examples of fruit according to the present invention
are: apple, apricot banana, cherry, pear, strawberry, Mango,
Orange, peach.
[0261] The expression "fat" or "fat source" or "lipid" or "lipid
source" or "fats" in the context of the present invention,
indicates an edible solid or liquid fat or mixtures thereof. Not
limiting categories of fats are those from animal, fish or
vegetable origins. Non limiting examples of fats which could be
used according to the present invention are: fish oil, cocoa
butter, cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), cocoa butter substitutes
(CBS), vegetable oils (for example rapeseed oil, palm oil, corn
oil, soy oil, coconut oil and/or sunflower oil) and butter oils
amongst others.
[0262] In the context of the present invention, where amounts of
certain ingredients (such as, for example, sugars, fats, dietary
fibers etc), are indicated which may, result from different
constituents incorporated in the recipe then such amounts will
reflect the total content of that ingredient in the composition,
irrespective of the component it is derived from.
[0263] On the other hand, when in the, present invention reference
is made to an "added" ingredient (such as for example added fibers,
added sugars with low glycemic index etc), then only the amount of
the component mainly or totally constituted by that ingredient
should be accounted in the calculation.
[0264] The composition as disclosed herein may be used to optimize
or maintain the iron status/iron levels in a subject or may be used
in the treatment and/or prevention of iron deficiency in a
subject.
[0265] The term subject as used herein refers to a human or animal
e.g. a human infant or young child or child.
[0266] The term "infant" as used herein refers to a human under the
age of about 12 months e.g. up to 12 months of age.
[0267] The term "young child" as used herein refers to a child
older than about 12 months and up until about 5 years of age
(including toddlers) for example a child older than 12 months of
age until 5 years of age.
[0268] The term "child" as used herein refers to a human up to the
age of about eighteen for example up to the age of 18 years
old.
[0269] In another aspect of the present invention there is provided
a composition as disclosed herein for use to maintain or optimise
the iron status of a subject.
[0270] In another aspect of the present invention there is provided
a composition as disclosed herein for use in the treatment or
prevention of iron deficiency in a subject.
[0271] The term "prevention" as used herein refers to the
prevention of a condition or disorder completely, or partially
(i.e., a milder form occurs and/or occurs later). The terms
prevention also comprise a reduction in the risk of the condition
or disorder occurring or in the severity of the, condition or
disorder, it also encompasses a reduction in the frequency of the
occurrence of conditions or disorders.
[0272] A reduction in the risk of a condition or disorder means
that the condition or disorder is less likely to occur compared to
an appropriate and usual reference (such as the general population
or normal weight infants or young children) e.g. in comparison to
infants young children or children, not being fed a composition of
the invention.
[0273] In the context of the present invention, mentioned
percentages are weight/weight percentages unless otherwise
stated.
[0274] Nutritional compositions for use in the complementary
feeding period e.g. infant cereals for use in the complementary
feeding period may be sold in a dry format for reconstitution e.g.
with milk or water. In the context of the present invention all
weights and concentration values are given with reference to the
dry weight of such a product.
[0275] The term "and/or" used in the context of the "X and/or Y"
should be interpreted as "X", or "Y", or "X and Y".
[0276] Numerical ranges as used herein are intended to include
every number and subset of numbers contained within that range,
whether specifically disclosed or not. Further, these numerical
ranges should be construed as providing support for a claim
directed to any number or subset of numbers in that range. For
example, a disclosure of from 1 to 10 should be construed as
supporting a range of from 1 to 8, from 3 to 7, from 4 to 9, from
3.6 to 4.6, from 3.5 to 9.9, and so forth.
[0277] All references to singular characteristics or limitations of
the present invention shall include the corresponding plural
characteristic or limitation, and vice versa, unless otherwise
specified or clearly implied to the contrary by the context in
which the reference is made.
[0278] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art.
[0279] It should be rioted that embodiments and features described
in the context of one of the aspects of the present invention also
apply to the other aspects and embodiments of the invention mutatis
mutandis.
[0280] The compositions for use according to the invention are
herein described by different parameters, such as the ingredients,
nutritional composition formats, uses, target groups etc. It should
be noted that embodiments, features and exemplary embodiments
described in the context of one of the parameters of the
composition for use according to the invention, may also be
combined with other embodiments, features and exemplary embodiments
described in the context of another parameter, unless expressly
stated otherwise.
[0281] Any reference to prior art documents in this specification
is not to be considered an admission that such prior art is widely
known or forms part of the common general knowledge in the field.
As used in this specification, the words "comprises", "comprising",
and similar words, are, not to be interpreted in an exclusive or
exhaustive sense. In other words, they are intended to mean
"including, but not limited to".
[0282] The invention will now be described in further details in
the following non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Material and Methods:
[0283] Iron bioaccessibility from processed cereals was evaluated
using the Caco-2 cells coupled with in vitro digestions model as
described by Glahn et al. (Glahn et al, 1998). In brief, first the
food matrix undergoes a simulated gastric digestion with pepsin at
pH=2, 37.degree. C. for 1 hour. This step is followed by a
simulated intestinal digestion with pancreatin and bile at pH=7,
37.degree. C. for 2 hours. This second step takes place on a
dialysis membrane, placed above the Caco-2 monolayers. During the
digestion process iron is released from the food matrix.
Solubilized iron can diffused through the member and be taken up by
the cells. Thus, in response to higher intracellular iron
concentrations, Caco-2 cells forms ferritin. The formation of
ferritin is quantified as an indicator of iron uptake by the cells.
In our assays ferritin was measured by immunoassay in harvested
Caco-2 cell 18 hours after the digestion. The total protein content
of the cells was measured using BCA protein assay to allow a
normalization of the results. To ensure the robustness of the
results, three experiments were performed on separate days using
cells
* * * * *