U.S. patent application number 17/112381 was filed with the patent office on 2021-04-08 for sole for footwear with positioning faces.
The applicant listed for this patent is Vidar Licensing Inc.. Invention is credited to Sun Ho KIM.
Application Number | 20210100312 17/112381 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005303080 |
Filed Date | 2021-04-08 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20210100312 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KIM; Sun Ho |
April 8, 2021 |
Sole for Footwear with Positioning Faces
Abstract
There is provided a sole for footwear with a bottom surface
comprising: a primary surface and one or more positioning face,
wherein: the one or more positioning faces are at an angle to the
primary surface; engaging a ground with the primary surface causes
a wearer of the footwear to take a natural stance; engaging the
ground with the one or more positioning faces causes the wearer to
take one or more athletic stances; and the wearer switches between
the natural stance and the one or more athletic stances by shifting
their weight.
Inventors: |
KIM; Sun Ho; (Toronto,
CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Vidar Licensing Inc. |
Toronto |
|
CA |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005303080 |
Appl. No.: |
17/112381 |
Filed: |
December 4, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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PCT/CA2019/050788 |
Jun 6, 2019 |
|
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17112381 |
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62681210 |
Jun 6, 2018 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B 5/00 20130101; A43B
13/143 20130101; A43B 7/1405 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A43B 7/14 20060101
A43B007/14; A43B 5/00 20060101 A43B005/00; A43B 13/14 20060101
A43B013/14 |
Claims
1. A sole for footwear, the sole comprising a bottom surface, the
bottom surface comprising: a primary surface; and one or more
positioning faces; wherein the one or more positioning faces are at
an angle to the primary surface; engaging a ground with the primary
surface causes the footwear to provide a natural stance; and
wherein engaging the ground with the one or more positioning faces
causes the footwear to be positioned in one or more athletic
stances.
2. The sole of claim 1, wherein the one or more positioning faces
comprise a first positioning face and a second positioning
face.
3. The sole of claim 2, wherein the first positioning face is
located under a big toe of the wearer.
4. The sole of claim 2, wherein the second positioning face is
located under the ball of the wearer's foot.
5. The sole of claim 4, wherein the positioning faces comprise an
additional third positioning face.
6. The sole of claim 5, wherein the third positioning face is
located under an arch of the wearer's foot.
7. The sole of claim 6, wherein any of the one or more positioning
faces are subdivided into subfaces.
8. The sole of claim 7, wherein the athletic stances comprise a
first athletic stance and a second athletic stance, wherein: the
first athletic stance engages the ground with a first set of one or
more positioning faces or subfaces; and the second athletic stance
engages the ground with a second set of one or more positioning
faces or subfaces.
9. The sole of claim 8, wherein the athletic stances result in one
or more of the wearer's ankles remaining in a neutral position.
10. The sole of claim 9, wherein the one or more positioning faces
engages with a transition mechanism to transition between the
athletic stance and the natural stance.
11. The sole of claim 10, wherein the transition mechanism
comprises a hinge and an outsole, such that the hinge is located in
between the primary surface and the one or more positioning faces;
and the outsole extends from the hinge towards at least one
positioning face such that a space is created between the at least
one positioning face and the outsole.
12. The sole of claim 11, wherein the space between the positioning
face and the outsole is filled with a compressible material.
13. The sole of claim 11, wherein the transition mechanism
comprises at least one of a lever, a wedge and a flap.
14. The sole of claim 13, wherein the bottom surface is partially
covered with a cushion.
15. The sole of claim 14, wherein the bottom surface comprises a
tread.
16. The sole of claim 15, wherein the bottom surface comprises
flexible grooves.
17. The sole of claim 16, wherein any one or more of the
positioning faces is revealed when a positioning face attachment
member is detached from the bottom surface.
18. A plate for footwear, the plate comprising: a bottom surface,
the bottom surface comprising a primary surface; and one or more
positioning faces; wherein the one or more positioning faces are at
an angle to the primary surface; a mechanism for attaching the
plate to a bottom surface of a shoe; wherein engaging a ground with
the primary surface of the plate causes the footwear to provide a
natural stance; and wherein engaging the ground with the one or
more positioning faces of the plate causes the footwear to be
positioned in one or more athletic stances.
19. The plate of claim 18, wherein the mechanism for attaching
comprises any of: a Velcro mechanism, mechanical fasteners,
zippers, magnets, embedding or a combination of these
mechanisms.
20. A method of fixing defects in a user's natural gait comprising:
Conducting a gait analysis; Analysing results of the gait analysis;
Creating a customized sole for footwear, the sole comprising a
bottom surface, the bottom surface comprising: a primary surface;
and one or more positioning faces; wherein the one or more
positioning faces are at an angle to the primary surface; engaging
a ground with the primary surface causes the footwear to provide a
natural stance; and wherein engaging the ground with the one or
more positioning faces causes the footwear to be positioned in one
or more athletic stances.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation of PCT Application
No. PCT/CA2019/050788 filed Jun. 6, 2019, which claims priority to
U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/681,210 filed Jun. 6, 2018, the
entireties of which are both incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The following relates to a design for a sole for
footwear.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Footwear such as shoes generally include a sole that is
positioned at the bottom of the footwear, in contact with the
ground. When the footwear is worn, the sole supports a wearer's
foot some distance from the ground, and may also provide traction,
cushioning, comfort, and other benefits to the wearer.
[0004] Soles can be constructed from a single layer of a single
material, or multiple layers of one or more materials. A sole
constructed of multiple layers typically comprises two or more of
an insole, a midsole, and an outsole. The insole is the top layer
of the sole, which sits beneath the wearer's foot. The outsole is
the bottom layer of the sole, directly contacting the ground. The
midsole is a layer between the outsole and the insole, which is
typically provided for shock absorption.
[0005] Individuals may perform a variety of dynamic actions while
wearing footwear, particularly athletic footwear, including
running, jumping, side-stepping, pivoting, and making sudden
changes of speed. Wearers often perform a variety of actions, and
are required to shift their weight onto different parts of their
feet such as their big toe, the ball of their foot, and their heel.
It is less common for wearers to equally distribute their weight
over their entire foot when performing such actions. For example,
jumping vertically requires an individual to push off with the ball
of their foot and their big toe, while landing from a horizontal
jump requires an individual to contact the ground with their heel
first. Many athletic actions, such as jumping forwards, jumping
sideways and making quick lateral movements, require the wearer to
shift their weight onto the ball of their foot.
[0006] Although a wearer may preferentially use specific parts of
their feet for specific actions, the outsoles of footwear have
traditionally been appreciably planar, causing several issues to
arise. The repeated angling of a wearer's foot, such when shifting
their weight onto the ball of their foot, may cause the sole of the
footwear to repeatedly bend as one part of the sole is lifted while
another part of the sole maintains contact with the ground. Such
repeated bending may cause the sole to wear out, thus decreasing
the lifespan of the shoe.
[0007] Another issue is that an individual wearing a shoe with a
flat sole only achieves stable contact with the ground in one
orientation; when the wearer's foot is flat against the ground.
This causes a risk of injuries to joints such as the ankle and knee
when a wearer shifts their weight, for example onto the ball of
their foot. In one case, a wearer contacting the ground with a flat
foot may quickly move or accelerate laterally. If their foot is
unable to rotate while doing so, the wearer's ankle may become
improperly pronated or oversupinated (FIG. 1), increasing the risk
of injury to the ankle. In another case, a wearer contacting the
ground with only the inside part of their foot is in an unstable
position and may unexpectedly flatten their foot due to the
instability of their stance, causing oversupination of their ankle
and risk of an ankle sprain or other injury. Such cases may occur
if the wearer attempts to rapidly accelerate or decelerate
laterally.
[0008] Flat soled shoes may also increase a wearer's risk of injury
when moving laterally by not encouraging alignment of the joints in
the lower body, including the ankle, knee, and hip. Improper
rotation of an ankle, knee, or hip when rapidly laterally
accelerating or decelerating may cause a torn ACL, sprained ankle,
or other injuries.
[0009] Shoes with flat soles are also unable to effectively
concentrate force exerted by the wearer through balls of their
feet. In addition, shoes with flat soles do not position the wearer
in an athletic stance with their weight above the balls of the
feet, such that they are better positioned to move quickly or
change direction.
[0010] It is an object of the following to address at least one of
the above-noted disadvantages.
SUMMARY
[0011] In one aspect, there is provided a sole for footwear, the
sole comprising a bottom surface, the bottom surface comprising: a
primary surface and one or more positioning face, wherein: the one
or more positioning faces are at an angle to the primary surface;
engaging a ground with the primary surface causes the footwear to
provide a natural stance; and engaging the ground with the one or
more positioning faces causes the footwear to provide one or more
athletic stances.
[0012] In another aspect, there is provided a method of fixing
defects in the natural gait of a user by creating a customized sole
with positioning faces to compensate for, and fix problems related
to supination and pronation of ankles. The customized sole can be
created using various features as required by the results of the
gait analysis. The features used to create the customized sole are
described herein as alternative embodiments of the sole. The
features can be used alone, or in combination to create a fully
customized sole with positioning faces.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Embodiments will now be described with reference to the
appended drawings wherein:
[0014] FIG. 1a-1c illustrate the effect of lateral movement when
using flat-soled shoes as known in the art;
[0015] FIG. 1d illustrates the effect of lateral movement when
using flat-soled shoes as known in the art;
[0016] FIG. 1e illustrates the effect of pushing when using
flat-soled shoes as known in the art;
[0017] FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of a sole with angled
positioning faces;
[0018] FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the sole shown in FIG. 2;
[0019] FIG. 4 is a front view of the sole shown in FIG. 2;
[0020] FIG. 5 is a front view of the sole shown in FIG. 2, shown
with a wearer;
[0021] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the sole shown in FIG. 5
engaging the ground with angled positioning faces;
[0022] FIG. 7 is a rear perspective view of the sole shown in FIG.
6;
[0023] FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a pivoting sole;
[0024] FIG. 9(a) is a plan view of another example of a sole with
angled positioning faces;
[0025] FIG. 9(b) is a side view of the sole shown in FIG. 9(a);
[0026] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a sole with subdivided
positioning faces;
[0027] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of another example of a sole
with subdivided positioning faces;
[0028] FIGS. 12(a) to 12(j) are side views of variations of angled
positioning faces; and
[0029] FIGS. 13(a) to 13(t) and 14(a) to 14(p) are bottom views of
variations of angled positioning faces;
[0030] FIG. 15 is a bottom view of an example of a sole with one
positioning face angled in one direction;
[0031] FIGS. 16a and 16b show the bottom view of an example of a
sole with three positioning faces;
[0032] FIGS. 17a and 17b show a medial view of an alternative
embodiment of the sole wherein one positioning face is at a
different height from the ground than the other positioning
face;
[0033] FIGS. 18a-18c show medial views of an alternative embodiment
of the sole with cushioning;
[0034] FIG. 18d shows a bottom view of the cushioned sole of FIG.
18c.
[0035] FIGS. 19a and 19b show a cross sectional view of embodiments
of the sole with treads attached to the bottom of the sole.
[0036] FIGS. 20a and 20b show a perspective view of embodiments of
the sole with flexible grooves attached to the bottom of the
sole.
[0037] FIG. 21a is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the
sole with a curved transition between the positioning faces and
primary surface.
[0038] FIG. 21b is a bottom perspective view of the embodiment
shown in FIG. 21a.
[0039] FIG. 22a is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the
sole showing a removable positioning face member.
[0040] FIG. 22b is a cross-sectional view of the removable
positioning face member.
[0041] FIG. 23a shows a partial cross-sectional view of the sole
with a hinge mechanism.
[0042] FIG. 23b shows a partial cross-sectional view of the sole
with a fixed plate embedded or used with the positioning face.
[0043] FIG. 23c shows a partial cross-sectional view of the sole
with an air pocket.
[0044] FIG. 23d shows a partial cross-sectional view of the sole
with a 3D printed structure.
[0045] FIGS. 24a-24b show front cross-sectional views of the sole
with a lever mechanism.
[0046] FIG. 25 shows a partial medial view of the sole with a wedge
mechanism.
[0047] FIGS. 26a and 26b show partial cross-sectional views of the
sole with a flap mechanism.
[0048] FIG. 27a-27d shows a typical gait chart of a person.
[0049] FIG. 28 is a bottom view of an example of a left sole with
three positioning faces.
[0050] FIG. 29 is a lateral view of the sole in FIG. 28.
[0051] FIG. 30 is a bottom view of an example of a right sole with
three positioning faces.
[0052] FIG. 31 is a bottom perspective view of the sole in FIG.
30.
[0053] FIG. 32 is a front view of the sole in FIG. 30.
[0054] FIG. 33 is a bottom view of an example of a right sole with
five positioning faces.
[0055] FIG. 34 is a bottom view of an example of a left sole with
curved positioning faces and subfaces.
[0056] FIG. 35 is a medial view of the sole in FIG. 34.
[0057] FIG. 36 is a front upside-down view of the sole in FIG.
34.
[0058] FIG. 37 is a bottom perspective view of a plate with three
positioning faces.
[0059] FIG. 38 is a top perspective view of the plate in FIG.
37.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0060] As discussed above, an individual wearing a shoe having a
flat sole may experience one of several issues. FIG. 1(a)
illustrates a foot 20 supported by a flat sole 30 of a shoe (not
shown). An ankle 26 connecting the foot 20 to a lower leg 33 is in
a neutral position, wherein the foot 20 and lower leg 33 are
rotationally aligned resulting in minimal strain on the ankle
26.
[0061] A shoe with a flat sole only achieves stable contact with
the ground when the entire bottom surface of the sole 30 is flat
against the ground. When an individual wearing such a shoe makes
sudden changes in lateral movement, for example stopping,
accelerating, or making quick directional changes, the individual
may thus experience a tendency to land with their sole 30 flat
against the ground. As the individual performing such sudden
changes in lateral movement often places their foot 20 away from
their center of gravity, landing with their sole flat against the
ground can result in improper pronation or oversupination of the
ankle 26. If the foot 20 is a left foot, FIG. 1(b) illustrates
inversion or supination of the ankle 26 and FIG. 1(c) illustrates
eversion or pronation of the ankle 26. In addition, the
individual's knee and hip may not be aligned with the force they
are exerting on the ground to perform the sudden change in lateral
movement. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 1(d) the individual's
momentum may cause the knee 34 and/or hip 32 to abduct outward,
creating a risk of joint injury.
[0062] If the individual wearing a shoe with a flat sole 30 lands
on and launches from the ball of their foot 24 as shown in FIG.
1(e), the flat sole 30 may bend. This may result in bending of the
foot 20 causing discomfort and/or accelerated wear on the flat sole
30.
[0063] To promote neutral ankle positioning when making lateral
movements and/or to allow a wearer to easily shift their weight
onto the balls of their feet; a shoe including a sole having
positioning faces can be utilized, allowing a wearer of the shoe to
stably engage the ground with their foot in multiple orientations.
As described below, the positioning faces are at an angle to the
remainder of the sole, allowing the wearer to position themselves
by engaging the ground with different faces of the sole.
[0064] Turning now to the figures, FIG. 2 provides a perspective
view of a sole 10 for footwear. It is herein understood that sole
10 refers to one of an outsole, midsole, or insole, or a
combination thereof. For example, the sole 10 may be a midsole
located between a separate outsole and an insole, or the sole 10
may be the completed assembly of an insole, midsole, and outsole.
The sole 10 can be made from any material known in the art, for
example rubber, foam, leather, or polyurethane. The interior or
exterior of the sole 10 may also be provided with a support member,
for example a rigid plate in the interior of the midsole to
maintain its shape and prevent deformation. The sole 10 may be used
in any type of footwear, for example athletic footwear such as a
running shoe, trainer, basketball shoe, cleat, hiking boot, or ice
skate.
[0065] The sole 10 has a bottom surface 11 located opposite a
wearer's foot (not shown). The bottom surface 11 may be provided
with a tread to engage an underlying surface such as a floor or the
ground. The bottom surface 11 may alternatively be adapted to
interface with another layer of the shoe, for example an enclosed
layer of fluid such as air, gel or water underneath the sole to
reduce the force of impact experienced by the wearer. The bottom
surface 11 includes one or more positioning faces that are at an
angle to a primary surface 18.
[0066] In the example shown in FIG. 2, the sole 10 for a left foot
is provided with a first positioning face 12 and a second
positioning face 14 on the bottom surface 11. The first positioning
face 12 and the second positioning face 14 are angled upward, away
from the bottom surface 11, as described in greater detail below.
The primary surface 18, comprising the remainder of the bottom
surface 11, is continuous and on a plane parallel to a top surface
of the sole 10 and the ground. In this example, the primary surface
18 is illustrated as completely flat, however it is appreciated
that the primary surface 18 may have texture such as a tread or
varying curvature such as an arch support or a toe spring.
[0067] FIG. 3 illustrates the bottom surface 11 of the sole 10
illustrated in FIG. 2. The first positioning face 12 is located
under the wearer's big toe 22 and the second positioning face 14 is
located under the ball of the wearer's foot 24. First positioning
face 12 and second positioning face 14 are defined by points A, B,
C, D, and E, as described below. First positioning face 12 has
vertices at points A, C, and E, and has a curved edge from point C
to point E to match the contour of the sole 10. Second positioning
face 14 has vertices at points A, B, C, and D. The positioning
faces 12, 14 are illustrated as planar, however it should be
appreciated that one or more of the positioning faces may be
convex, concave, or otherwise non-planar.
[0068] FIG. 4 shows a front view of the sole. It can be observed
from FIG. 4 that, in this example, the thickness of the sole 10
along the edge from point C to point E is less than the thickness
of the sole 10 at point A. The thickness gradient from point A to
points C and E creates the first positioning face 12 that is angled
upward and away from the bottom surface 11. Similarly, the
thickness of the sole 10 at point D is less than the thickness at
point B, such that the second positioning face 14 is angled
upwardly and away from the bottom surface 11.
[0069] FIG. 5 shows a front view of a user's foot wearing the sole.
FIG. 5 shows the sole 10 in isolation, supporting a foot 20
belonging to a wearer, for example as would normally be the case
when the foot 20 is in a shoe (not shown for ease of illustration)
that includes the sole 10. The points A, B, C, D, and E (FIG. 3)
are located on the sole 10 such that the wearer's big toe 22 is
partially or entirely located above the first positioning face 12,
and the ball of the wearer's foot 24 is partially or entirely
located above the second positioning face 14. The points may be
positioned such that more than one of the wearer's toes, such as
the big toe 22 and a second toe, are located above the first
positioning face 12. The positioning faces 12 and 14 may be of any
size, and larger positioning faces may result in greater stability
when engaging the ground with the positioning faces, as described
in greater detail below. For example, the points A, B, C, D, and E
may be placed such that the wearer's big toe 22 and second toe are
above the first positioning face 12 and the second positioning face
extends beyond the ball of the wearer's foot 24.
[0070] FIG. 5 shows the wearer in a natural stance. The primary
surface 18 engages the ground and the foot 20 is oriented such that
the ankle 26 is in a neutral position. A natural stance may result
from the wearer standing straight with their foot 20 directly
underneath their body.
[0071] It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the sole 10 allows the
wearer to engage the ground with first positioning face 12 and/or
second positioning face 14 in an athletic stance, as described
below. In this example, the wearer in the athletic stance maintains
a neutral ankle 26. That is, the ankle 26 is not supinated or
pronated. The wearer may switch between the natural stance and the
athletic stance by pivoting the sole 10 around the line defined by
points E, A, D and B (FIG. 3), thus switching between engaging the
ground with the primary surface 18 and engaging the ground with the
first positioning face 12 and/or the second positioning face 14.
Such switching may be initiated by the wearer shifting their weight
forward, so their center of gravity is over the front portion of
their foot. The wearer may also lift their foot 20 and place it
down in the athletic stance such that the angled positioning face
12, 14 engage the ground. The wearer may still take a natural
stance when performing certain actions, and switch to the athletic
stance when performing actions that require them to engage the
ground with the ball of their foot 24. The wearer is not always
forced into an athletic stance, which may cause strain.
[0072] FIG. 7 shows a back view of a user's foot wearing the sole.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example of the sole 10 engaging the ground
with a lower leg 33 belonging to the wearer at an angle to the
ground. The wearer may engage the ground with the lower leg 33
angled when the foot 20 is positioned laterally beyond (outside)
the hip, for example when running sideways or rapidly accelerating
or decelerating laterally. An angled lower leg 33 may increase the
risk of injury if the foot 20 flatly engages the ground, causing
oversupination or improper pronation of the ankle 26.
[0073] The wearer may adjust their footing to apply pressure
directly on the positioning faces 12 14, causing the primary
surface 18 to be elevated from the ground. If the wearer stops
applying pressure to the positioning faces 12 14, the heel 23
and/or the primary surface 18 will engage the ground and the
positioning faces 12 14 will become elevated from the ground. The
heel 23 and/or primary surface 18 may not always elevate from the
ground. This could be due to localized pressure in the foot and/or
soles while using the positioning faces, or due to the design and
material of the sole or plate.
[0074] A wearer using sole 10 may engage the ground with the first
positioning face 12 and/or the second positioning face 14 when
their lower leg 33 is at an angle to the ground. By engaging the
ground with angled positioning faces 12, 14, the foot 20 exerts
force on the ground mainly with the big toe 22 and/or the ball 24.
The primary surface 18 and/or the heel 23 are raised, causing the
foot 20 to be oriented at an angle to the ground. In this example,
the foot 20 is oriented such that it is aligned with the lower leg
33, allowing the ankle 26 to adopt a neutral position even though
the lower leg 33 is at an angle to the ground.
[0075] The first positioning face 12 and second positioning face 14
provide platforms through which the big toe 22 and ball of the foot
24 can exert force more efficiently on the ground. The angled
positioning faces 12, 14 provide additional stable orientations for
the sole 10, resisting rocking or flattening of the sole 10 when
the wearer assumes the athletic stance. That is, a wearer engaging
the ground with the first positioning face 12 and/or the second
positioning face 14 achieves stable contact with the ground, and
may be less likely to rotate or flatten the foot 20 causing
oversupination or improper pronation of the ankle 26.
[0076] As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, engaging the ground with the
first positioning face 12 and/or the second positioning face 14
allows the wearer to adopt the athletic stance. In the athletic
stance, the sole 10 causes the wearer to shift their weight forward
onto the ball of their foot 24 and/or their big toe 22, and/or lift
their heel 23 off the ground. The shift of the wearer's weight onto
the ball of their foot 24 may also cause the wearer to partially
bend their knee (not shown). In the athletic stance, the wearer
exerts force on the ground with the ball of their foot 24, allowing
for faster, more explosive movements as the wearer can exert more
force on the ground with the second positioning face 14. The wearer
may be able to react and move faster if they are in the athletic
stance instead of the natural stance. The athletic stance may also
cause the wearer's knees to align with their ankles, providing
greater stability and allowing the wearer to exert a larger force
with their legs. Additionally, if the wearer is already in the
athletic stance, they are not required to shift their weight
forward onto the ball of their foot 24 to perform such
movements.
[0077] The wearer may also pivot when engaging the ground when in
the athletic stance. FIG. 8 illustrates a sole 10 engaging the
ground with the angled positioning faces 12, 14 pivoting from an
initial position represented by a dashed outline. Pivoting is
performed most effectively when the wearer engages the ground only
with the big toe 22 and ball of the foot 24, allowing faster
rotation, more flexibility, and more freedom of foot position. By
not engaging the ground with the entire sole 10, the decreased
surface area contacting the ground reduces the traction, allowing
the foot 20 to pivot with less torque. In addition, the rounded
contour of the first positioning face 12 allows for the wearer to
make directional changes more easily.
[0078] Another example of a sole for footwear provided with
positioning faces is shown in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b). The bottom
surface 11 of a sole 10 for a right foot is provided in this
example with a first positioning face 12, a second positioning face
14, and a third positioning face 16. The first positioning face 12
has vertices at the points A, C, and E, and has a curved edge from
point C to point E to match the contour of the sole 10. The second
positioning face 14 is has vertices at the points A, B, C, and D,
and the third positioning face 16 has vertices at the points B, D,
and F.
[0079] The points A, B, C, D, E, and F are located on the sole 10
such that a wearer's big toe 22 is partially or entirely located
above the first positioning face 12, the ball of the wearer's foot
24 is partially or entirely located above the second positioning
face 14, and the arch of the wearer's foot is partially or entirely
located above the third positioning face 16. The heel of the
wearer's foot 23 can also be partially or entirely located above
the third positioning face 16. The points may be positioned such
that more than one of the wearer's toes are located above the first
positioning face 12. The points may also be positioned such that
the ball of the wearer's foot 24 is only partially located above
the second positioning face, or such that the ball of the foot 24
and a surrounding area of the wearer's foot 20 is located above the
second positioning face.
[0080] The first positioning face 12, second positioning face 14,
and third positioning face 16 are angled upward and away from the
bottom surface 11. The primary surface 18, comprising the remainder
of the bottom surface 11, is on a plane parallel to a top surface
of the sole 10 and the ground. In this example, the primary surface
18 is illustrated as completely flat, however it is appreciated
that the primary surface 18 may have texture such as a tread or
varying thickness such as an arch support or a toe spring.
[0081] The wearer may engage the ground with the primary surface 18
in a natural stance or with one or more of the positioning faces
12, 14, 16 in an athletic stance, as described above. The third
positioning face 16 increases the area of the sole 10 in contact
with the ground when the wearer takes the athletic stance,
providing the wearer increased balance and greater stability. The
third positioning face 16, line defined by points E, A, F and B,
may also allow the wearer to switch between the natural stance and
the athletic stance with a smaller forward or backward shift of
weight.
[0082] One or more of the first positioning face 12, second
positioning face 14, and third positioning face 16 may be
subdivided along the length, width, and/or height of the sole 11
into two or more subfaces. The subfaces may be at different angles
to the bottom or edges of the sole 10, such that the wearer engages
the ground with different subfaces by adjusting the orientation of
the sole 10. It should be apparent that a sole with subdivided
positioning faces provides the wearer with greater range, as
multiple different foot orientations result in the wearer engaging
the ground with one or more subfaces.
[0083] FIG. 10 shows a first example of a sole 10 having three
subdivided positioning faces, analogous to the sole illustrated in
FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b) with like elements given like reference
numerals preceded by a "1". The sole 10 is provided with a first
positioning face 112, a second positioning face 114, and a third
positioning face 116. The first positioning face 112 is subdivided
into lower first positioning subface 112a and upper first
positioning subface 112b, the second positioning face 114 is
subdivided into lower second positioning subface 114a and upper
second positioning subface 114b, and the third positioning face 116
is subdivided into lower third positioning subface 116a and upper
third positioning subface 116b. The wearer of the sole 10 engages
the ground with the primary surface 18 when in a natural stance.
The wearer can engage the ground with the lower first positioning
subface 112a, lower second positioning subface 114a, and lower
third positioning subface 116a by shifting their weight forward and
inward to take a first athletic stance, as described above. The
wearer may shift their weight further forward or inward to a second
athletic stance to engage the ground with one or more of the upper
first positioning subface 112b, upper second positioning subface
114b, and upper third positioning subface 116b. The upper
positioning subfaces 112b, 114b, 116b may also be adapted for
aesthetics, providing a gradual transition between the appreciably
horizontal lower positioning subfaces 112a, 114a, 116a and the
appreciably vertical side walls of the sole 10.
[0084] FIG. 11 shows a second example of a sole 10 having one
positioning face subdivided twice, analogous to the sole
illustrated in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b) with like elements given like
reference numerals preceded by a "2". The sole 10 is provided with
first positioning face 12, a second positioning face 214, and third
positioning face 16. The second positioning face 214 is subdivided
into front second positioning subface 214a, middle second
positioning subface 214b, and rear second positioning subface 214c.
Subfaces 214a and 214b form a wedge 28 having an apex towards the
bottom surface 11. The wedge 28 allows the wearer to shift their
weight forward and engage the ground with the third positioning
face 16, rear second positioning subface 214c, and middle second
positioning subface 214b in a first athletic stance; and the wearer
may shift their weight further forward to engage the ground with
the front second positioning subface 214a and first positioning
face 12 in a second athletic stance.
[0085] Two examples of soles having subdivided positioning faces
are described above, however it should be appreciated that the
positioning faces may be subdivided in any other way.
[0086] FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) show a side view of a preferred
implementation of the angled positioning faces 12, 14. The third
positioning face 16 is not shown, and it is understood that the
implementation of the positioning faces 12, 14 on the sole 10 may
optionally include additional positioning faces such as the third
positioning face 16. Points A and B are at the same height, or
level, and points C and D are at the same height. Points A and B
are level with the primary surface 18. The second positioning face
14 is planar, and has a uniform upslope from the edge between
points A and B to the edge between points C and D. In this
embodiment, the first positioning face 12 curves along the contour
of the sole 10 from point C to point E. Optionally, the first
positioning face 12 does not need to follow the edges of the
sole.
[0087] FIGS. 12(c) through 12(j) illustrate side views of other
examples of implementations of the first positioning face 12 and
second positioning face 14, in isolation. The third positioning
face 16 is not shown, and it is understood that the implementation
of the positioning faces 12, 14 on the sole 10 may optionally
include additional positioning faces such as the third positioning
face 16. The terms "lower" or "towards the ground", and "higher" or
"away from the ground" may be used in the description. It is herein
understood that these groups of terms describe directions along the
thickness of the sole meaning "towards the bottom surface of the
sole" and "away from the bottom surface of the sole" respectively.
The terms "forward" and "backward" may be used herein, and it is
understood that these terms describe directions along the length of
the foot meaning "towards the toes" and "towards the heel"
respectively.
[0088] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(c), the points A, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation. Point B is raised away from the ground, such that
it is higher than point A. The higher placement of point B allows
this example to be incorporated into shoe designs comprising a
raised midsection or arch, and support the arch of the foot. This
example causes the wearer to lean backwards slightly to stabilize
the heel portion of their foot 23 and can be used to help the
wearer balance.
[0089] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(d), the points B, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation. Point A is raised away from the ground, such that
it is higher than point B. The higher placement of point A causes
the wearer to shift their weight further forwards towards their
toes. In addition, the sole 10 provides the wearer with two
athletic stances; the user can engage the ground with only the
first positioning face 12 or only the second positioning face 14,
and can switch between the two. This stance helps the user propel
their foot forward.
[0090] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(e), the points A, B,
C, and D are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation. Point E is raised away from the ground, such that
it is higher than points C and D. The higher placement of point E
creates a steeper gradient of the first positioning face 12 between
point A and point E, causing the wearer's weight to be further
forward when they are engaging the ground with the first
positioning surface 12. The steeper gradient of the first
positioning face 12 can be used to improve the wearer's ability to
push off with their big toe 22 when engaging the ground with the
first positioning face 12.
[0091] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(f), the points A, B,
C, and D are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation. Point E is lowered towards the ground, such that it
is lower than points C and D. The lower placement of point E
creates a more gradual gradient of the first positioning face 12
between point A and point E. The more gradual gradient of the first
positioning face 12 can be used to allow for the wearer to make
more controlled movements, and can provide a more stable surface
when the wearer is in the athletic stance.
[0092] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(g), the points A, B,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation. Point C is raised away from the ground, such that
it is higher than points D and E. The higher placement of point C
creates a gradient of second positioning face 14 between points D
and C. This example can be used to allow the wearer to engage the
ground preferentially with the second positioning face 14, and
raise the primary surface 18 further off the ground as their weight
is shifted further forward towards the ball of their foot 24.
[0093] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(h), the points A, B,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation. Point C is lowered towards the ground, such that it
is lower than points D and E. The lower placement of point C can be
used to provide the wearer more balance and stability when they are
engaging the ground with the second positioning face 14, as their
weight will not be as far forward. The first positioning face 12
has a steeper gradient, causing the wearer's weight to be further
forward when they are engaging the ground with the first
positioning face 12. The wearer can switch between two athletic
stances, engaging the ground with only one of first positioning
face 12 or second positioning face 14 by adjusting their weight
forward or backward.
[0094] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(i), the points A, B,
and D are in the same position as in the preferred implementation.
Points C and E are raised away from the ground, such that they are
higher than point D. The higher placement of point C can be used to
create a gradient of second positioning face 14 between points D
and C, causing the wearer to shift their weight further forward
when engaging the ground with second positioning face 14. The
higher placement of point E can be used to create a steeper
gradient of the first positioning face 12 between point A and point
E, causing the wearer's weight to be further forward when they are
engaging the ground with the first positioning surface 12. The
steeper gradient of the first positioning face 12 can be used to
improve the wearer's ability to push off with their big toe 22 when
in the athletic stance.
[0095] In the example illustrated in FIG. 12(j), the points A, B,
and D are in the same position as in the preferred implementation.
Points C and E are lowered towards the ground, such that they are
lower than point D. This example can be used to cause the wearer's
weight to be further back away from their toes when in the athletic
stance.
[0096] FIG. 13(a) shows a bottom view of the preferred
implementation of angled positioning faces 12, 14, as illustrated
in FIG. 3, in isolation. The third positioning face 16 is not
shown, and it is understood that the implementation of the
positioning faces 12, 14 on the sole 10 may optionally include
additional positioning faces such as the third positioning face 16.
As described above, points A, B, C, D and E are located on the sole
10 such that the wearer's big toe 22 is partially or entirely
located above the first positioning face 12, and the ball of the
wearer's foot 24 is partially or entirely located above the second
positioning face 14. The points may be positioned such that more
than one of the wearer's toes are located above the first
positioning face 12. The points may also be positioned such that
the ball of the wearer's foot 24 is only partially located above
the second positioning face, or such that the ball 24 and a
surrounding area of the wearer's foot 20 is located above the
second positioning face.
[0097] In the preferred implementation, the first positioning face
12 is curved from point C to point E to follow the contour of the
sole 10 and allow the wearer to pivot. Point C is closer to the
back of the foot than point A to create a larger surface for the
big toe 22 to push off with when the wearer is engaging the ground
with the first positioning face 12. The second positioning face 14
has a uniform gradient from the edge between points A and B and the
edge between points C and D, allowing the wearer to effectively
exert force to change directions when engaging the ground with the
second positioning face 14.
[0098] FIGS. 13(b) through 13(t) and 14(a) through 14(p) illustrate
bottom views of other examples of implementations of the first
positioning face 12 and second positioning face 14, in isolation.
The third positioning face 16 is not shown, and it is understood
that the implementation of the positioning faces 12, 14 on the sole
10 may optionally include additional positioning faces such as the
third positioning face 16. The terms "medial" and "lateral" are
used herein, and it is understood that these terms describe
directions along the width of the foot meaning "towards the center
of the body" and "away from the center of the body"
respectively.
[0099] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(b), the points C, D,
and E are in the same position as in the preferred implementation.
Points A and B is moved laterally. The placement of points A and B
widens the second positioning face 14 and can be used to provide a
larger surface for the ball of the foot 24 to balance on and
therefore greater stability when the wearer is in the athletic
stance. In addition, the adjustment of point A widens the first
positioning face 12, creating a more gradual gradient and providing
more area for a second toe belonging to the wearer.
[0100] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(c), the points B, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point A moved laterally. The placement of
point A widens the front part of second positioning face 14, and
can be used to cause the wearer to shift their weight slightly
forward when in the athletic stance. In addition, the adjustment of
point A widens the first positioning face 12, creating a more
gradual gradient and providing more area for a second toe belonging
to the wearer.
[0101] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(d), the points C, D,
and E are in the same position as in the preferred implementation,
with points A and B moved medially. The adjustment of points A and
B decrease the size of second positioning face 14, decreasing the
stability of the wearer in the athletic stance and thus encouraging
the wearer to only adopt the athletic stance to make fast,
explosive movements. Additionally, the size of the primary surface
18 is increased, such that the sole can engage the ground with a
larger surface when the wearer is in the natural position. The size
of the first positioning face 12 is slightly decreased, and can
allow the big toe 22 to more effectively transfer force when the
wearer is in the athletic stance.
[0102] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(e), the points B, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with points A moved medially. The adjustment of
point A creates a steeper gradient of the first positioning face
12. Additionally, the size of the first positioning face 12 is
slightly decreased, and can allow the big toe 22 to more
effectively transfer force when the wearer is in an athletic
stance. The second positioning face 14 has a slightly backward
gradient. The wearer can switch between two athletic stances,
engaging the ground with only one of first positioning face 12 or
second positioning face 14 by shifting their weight forward or
backward.
[0103] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(f), the points A, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point B moved laterally. The adjustment of
point B increases the area of the second positioning face 14, and
can provide greater stability when the wearer is in the athletic
stance. The increased area can additionally improve the transition
from engaging the ground with the primary surface 18 to engaging
the ground with the second positioning face 14.
[0104] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(g), the points A, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point B moved medially. The adjustment of
point B reduces the area of the second positioning face 14 and can
be used to cause the wearer to shift their weight forward.
[0105] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(h), the points A, and
C are in the same position as in the preferred implementation, with
point E moved laterally and points B and D moved forward. The
adjustment of points B and D shortens the second positioning face
14, decreasing stability in the ball of the foot 24 when the wearer
is in the athletic stance but can be used to allow the wearer to
perform faster forward motions. The adjustment of point E increases
the area of the first positioning face 12, creating a larger
surface for the wearer to pivot on and can allow the wearer to
transfer force through multiple toes when in the athletic
stance.
[0106] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(i), the points A, C,
and D are in the same position as in the preferred implementation,
with point B moved medially and point E moved laterally. The
adjustment of point B reduces the area of the second positioning
face 14 and causes the wearer to shift their weight forward. The
adjustment of point E increases the area of the first positioning
face 12, creating a larger surface for the wearer to pivot on and
can be used to allow the wearer to transfer force through multiple
toes when in the athletic stance.
[0107] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(j), points C, D, and E
are in the same position as in the preferred implementation, with
point A moved laterally and point B moved laterally further than
point A. The second positioning face 14 is increased in area, with
the back edge between points B and D widened more than the front
edge between points A and C to cause the wearer to shift their
weight slightly forward and provide more stability when in the
athletic stance. The adjustment of point additionally A widens the
first positioning face 12, and can be used to create a more gradual
gradient and providing more area for the wearer's second toe. This
example may be used to assist the user in moving sideways,
backwards, or diagonally.
[0108] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(k), the points A, B,
C, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point D moved backward. The adjustment of
point D increases the area of the second positioning face 14, and
can be used to provide greater stability when the wearer is in the
athletic stance. Additionally, the adjustment of point D can allow
the wearer to shift sideways quickly.
[0109] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(l), the points B, D,
and E are in the same position as in the preferred implementation,
with points A and C moved backward. The adjustment of points A and
C shortens the second positioning face 14, while lengthening the
first positioning face 12. This can be used to decrease stability
when the wearer is in the athletic stance, and cause the wearer to
shift their weight forward onto their toes.
[0110] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(m), the points D and E
are in the same position as in the preferred implementation, with
point A moved medially and backward, point B moved medially, and
point C moved backward. The adjustment of points A, B, and C
decreases the area of the second positioning face 14, and can be
used to reduce the frequency that the wearer engages the ground
with the second positioning face 14 in an athletic stance. The
adjustment of points A and C increase the length of the first
positioning face 12 while slightly decreasing the width, and can
allow the wearer to more explosively exert force through their big
toe 22 when in the athletic stance.
[0111] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(n), the points E and D
are in the same position as in the preferred implementation, with
point A moved laterally and backward, point B moved laterally, and
point C moved backward. The adjustment increases the width of the
second positioning face 14, and can be used to allow the wearer to
shift their weight to more easily switch between the natural stance
and the athletic stance. The area of the first positioning face 12
is increased, creating a more gradual gradient and can be used to
allow the wearer to spread their weight over more toes when in the
athletic stance.
[0112] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(o), the points A, B,
C, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point D moved forward. The adjustment of point
D decreases the length of the second positioning face 14 along the
edge between points C and D, and can be used to allow the wearer to
perform quicker, more explosive movements when in the athletic
stance.
[0113] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(p), the points A, B,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point C moved forward in line with point A.
The adjustment of point C makes the second positioning face 14
rectangular, creating an even gradient from the edge between points
A and B and the edge between points C and D. Such an even gradient
can be used to improve sideways movement.
[0114] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(q), the points A, B,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point C moved forward in front of point A. The
adjustment of point C decreases the area of the first positioning
face 12, causing the wearer to apply more force through the big toe
22. The second positioning face 14 has an increased area, which can
provide greater stability when the wearer engages the ground with
the second positioning face 14.
[0115] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(r), the points A, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point B moved backward. The adjustment of
point B increases the length of the second positioning face 14 and
can allow the wearer to shift their weight slightly backward,
behind the ball of the foot 24 when adopting the athletic stance.
This example may be used to allow the wearer to more easily move
backward.
[0116] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(s), the points A, C,
D, and E are in the same position as in the preferred
implementation, with point B moved backward and laterally. The
adjustment of point B increases the area of the second positioning
face 14, specifically increasing the area at the back of the second
positioning face 14. This can be used to create a more gradual
gradient and improve the transition between the natural stance and
the athletic stance.
[0117] In the example illustrated in FIG. 13(t), the points C, D,
and E are in the same position as in the preferred implementation,
with point A moved medially and point B move laterally. The
adjustment of point A may be used to allow the wearer to switch
between two athletic stances; the wearer may engage the ground with
only one of first positioning face 12 or second positioning face 14
by shifting their weight forward or backward. The adjustment of
point A also decreases the area of the first positioning face 12,
and can be used to cause the wearer to apply more force through the
big toe 22 and make faster lateral movements (i.e. propel forward).
The adjustment of the point B creates more gradual gradient of the
second positioning face 14 and improve the transition between the
natural stance and the athletic stance.
[0118] The preferred implementation of the first positioning face
12 and the second positioning face 14 can be further modified by
changing the number of vertices or points A through E. Changing the
number of vertices can allow the first positioning face 12 and the
second positioning face 14 to have different widths, lengths,
height and shapes, as shown in FIGS. 14(a) through 14(p).
[0119] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(a) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, D, C, and A2. The points C, D, and E
are in the same position as in the preferred implementation, and
the point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. The points A and B have been moved
laterally, resulting in an increased width of the second
positioning face 14. The increased width can be used to provide a
larger surface for the ball of the foot 24 to balance on and
therefore greater stability when the wearer assumes the athletic
stance.
[0120] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(b) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A, A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A2, B, D, and C. The points A, C, D, and E
are in the same position as in the preferred implementation. The
point B has been moved medially and the point A2 is located
medially of point A, resulting in a decreased width of the second
positioning face 14. The decreased width of second positioning face
14 decreases the size of second positioning face 14, and can be
used to decrease the stability of the wearer in the athletic stance
and thus encourage the wearer to only adopt the athletic stance to
make fast, explosive movements. Additionally, the size of the
primary surface 18 is increased, and can provide the wearer with
greater stability when in the natural stance. The curvature of
positioning face 12 from point C to point E is centered at point
A2, providing the second toe a linear gradient from point A to
point E to bear against when the wearer is in the athletic
stance.
[0121] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(c) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The points B, C, D, and
E are in the same position as in the preferred implementation, and
the point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. The point A has been moved laterally to
widen the front section of the second positioning face 14, and can
cause the wearer to shift their weight slightly forward when
engaging the ground with the second positioning face 14 in the
athletic stance.
[0122] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(d) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The points C, D, and E
are in the same position as in the preferred implementation, and
the point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. The point A is moved laterally and the
point B is moved laterally further than point A. This example has
an increased area of the second positioning face 14, with the back
edge between points B and D widened more than the front edge
between points A, A2, and C, and can be used to cause the wearer to
shift their weight slightly backward. This example may assist the
wearer with moving sideways, backwards, or diagonally.
[0123] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(e) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The points C and E are
in the same position as in the preferred implementation, and the
point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. The points A and B are moved laterally
and the point D is moved backwards, increasing the length and width
and thus creating a more gradual gradient of the second positioning
face 14. This example can be used to provide the wearer with more
stability when they engage the ground with the second positioning
face 14, and allows the wearer to more easily shift between the
natural stance and the athletic stance.
[0124] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(f) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The points C and E are
in the same position as in the preferred implementation, and the
point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. The points A and B are moved laterally
and the point D is moved forward. The adjustment of the points A
and B increases the width of the second positioning face 14, and
can be used to create a more gradual gradient and providing more
stability when the wearer engages the ground with the second
positioning face 14 in the athletic stance. The increased width of
the second positioning face 14 additionally allows a greater
portion of the wearer's foot to bear against the second positioning
face 14. The adjustment of the point D causes the wearer to shift
their weight forward when they are in the athletic stance.
[0125] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(g) the point B has
been removed; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at points
A, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has vertices at the
points A, C, and D. The points A, C, D, and E are in the same
position as in the preferred implementation. The removal of point B
can be used to allow the wearer to perform quicker motions when in
the athletic stance, and increases the area of the primary surface
18 to provide greater stability when the wearer is in the natural
stance.
[0126] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(h) the points A, C, D,
and E are in the same positions as in the preferred implementation,
with the point B moved laterally and forward to a position forward
of the point C, and lateral to point A. The width of the front of
the second positioning face 14 is increased, while the width of the
back of the second positioning face 14 is decreased, and can be
used to cause the wearer to shift their weight further forward when
in the athletic stance.
[0127] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(i) the points A, C, D,
and E are in the same positions as in the preferred implementation,
with the point B moved forward of the point C and medial to the
point A. The width and area of the second positioning face 14 is
decreased, allowing the wearer to adopt the athletic stance only
when making quick lateral movements. This example may be used to
shift the wearer's weight further forward when adopting the
athletic stance.
[0128] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(j) the points A, D,
and E are in the same position as in the preferred implementation.
The point C is moved forward of the point A, and the point B is
moved forward and medial to the point A. The adjustment of the
point C decreases the area of the first positioning face 12, and
can be used to cause the wearer to transfer more force through
their toes when engaging the ground with the first positioning face
12. In this example, the point B may be located anywhere on the
edge between the points A and C. If the point B is located close to
the point A, including being coincident with the point A, the
second positioning face 14 is triangular in shape with a larger
area under the front of the ball of the wearer's foot 24. Such a
second positioning face 14 may cause the wearer to shift their
weight forward when adopting the athletic stance, and can be used
to assist the wearer with moving diagonally. If the point B is
moved towards point C, for example if the point B is located
halfway between the points A and C, the width and area of the
second positioning face 14 is decreased, and can be used to allow
the wearer to adopt the athletic stance only when making quick
lateral movements.
[0129] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(k) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The point E is in the
same position as in the preferred implementation, and the point A2
is located at the position occupied by point A in the preferred
implementation. The point C is moved forward along the contour of
the sole 10, decreasing the area of the first positioning face 12,
and can be used to cause the wearer to transfer more force through
their toes when engaging the ground with the first positioning face
12. The point A is moved backward and laterally, the point B is
moved laterally, and the point D is optionally moved forward to
D.sup.2 or backward to D.sup.1. The adjustment of the points A and
B increase the width of the second positioning face 14, and can be
used to provide greater stability when the wearer adopts the
athletic stance. The point D may remain in the same position as in
the preferred implementation, be moved backward (to D.sup.1) to
further increase the area of the second positioning face 14 and
provide even greater stability when the wearer adopts the athletic
stance, or is moved forward (to D.sup.2) causing the wearer to
shift their weight further forward when adopting the athletic
stance.
[0130] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(l) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The points C, D, and E
are in the same positions as in the preferred implementation, and
the point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. The point A is moved laterally, and the
point B is moved backward and laterally. The adjustment of the
points A and B increases the area of the second positioning face
14, and can be used to provide greater stability when the wearer
adopts the athletic stance.
[0131] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(m) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face 12 has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The points C, D, and E
are in the same positions as in the preferred implementation, and
the point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. The point A is moved laterally, and the
point B is moved backward. The adjustment of the point A increases
the width of the second positioning face 14 at the front of the
ball of the wearer's foot 24, and can cause the wearer to shift
their weight further forward when adopting the athletic stance. The
adjustment of the point B creates a more gradual gradient, and can
be used to improve the transition between the natural stance and
the athletic stance.
[0132] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(n) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. It may be noted that
point D remains in the same position, and point C has moved upwards
in position. The points E and A2 can be moved laterally. In this
way, the position of point C provides more surface area for the
second positioning face to use. The width of the first positioning
face 12 is increased, and can allow the wearer to transfer force
through a greater number of toes when engaging the ground with the
first positioning face 12. The second positioning face 14 spans the
entire width of the sole 10, wherein the points A and B are located
on the lateral edge of the sole 10 and the points C and D are
located on the medial edge of the sole 10. The increased width of
the second positioning face 14 allows the wearer to use the entire
forefoot when adopting the athletic stance. This example can be
used to provide greater traction to the wearer when accelerating or
decelerating laterally, or to provide greater control when
jumping.
[0133] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(o) an additional point
A2 has been included; the first positioning face has vertices at
the points A2, C, and E; and the second positioning face 14 has
vertices at the points A, B, C, D, and A2. The points C and E are
in the same positions as in the preferred implementation, and the
point A2 is located at the position occupied by point A in the
preferred implementation. It may be noted that point D is moved
down to provide more surface for the ball of the foot 24 to
utilize, in order to better stabilize the wearer's balance, and to
create a more gradual gradient. This can also improve the
transition between the natural stance and the athletic stance. The
second positioning face 14 spans the entire width of the sole 10,
wherein the points A and B are located on the lateral edge of the
sole 10 and the points C and D are located on the medial edge of
the sole 10. The increased width of the second positioning face 14
allows the wearer to use the entire forefoot when adopting the
athletic stance. This example can be used to provide greater
traction to the wearer when accelerating or decelerating laterally,
or to provide greater control when jumping.
[0134] In the example illustrated in FIG. 14(p) the first
positioning face has vertices at the points A, C, and E; and the
second positioning face 14 has vertices at the points A, B, C, and
D. The second positioning face 14 spans the entire width of the
sole 10, wherein the points A and B are located on the lateral edge
of the sole 10 and the points C and D are located on the medial
edge of the sole 10. The point E is moved medial along the contour
of the sole 10. The adjustment of the point E decreases the length
of the first positioning face 12, and can allow the wearer to pivot
quicker. The increased width of the second positioning face 14
allows the wearer to use the entire forefoot when adopting the
athletic stance, for example to provide greater traction to the
wearer when accelerating or decelerating laterally, or to provide
greater control when jumping. The point B is also moved backward to
create a more gradual gradient, and can be used to improve the
transition between the natural stance and the athletic stance.
[0135] It should be understood that FIGS. 12 through 14 are meant
only as illustrative examples, and that the positioning faces 12,
14, 16 may be of any geometry.
[0136] The example implementations of the positioning faces 12, 14
shown in FIGS. 12(a) through 12 (j) illustrate different heights of
the points A, B, C, D, E. The example implementations of the
positioning faces 12, 14 shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate
different lateral positions of the points A, B, C, D, E. It should
be appreciated that the example implementations described herein
may be combined in any way. That is, the heights of the points A,
B, C, D, and E as described by one of FIGS. 12(a) through 12(j) can
be can be combined with the lateral positions as described by one
of FIGS. 13 and 14. For example, the positioning faces 12, 14 may
be implemented with the heights of the points A, B, C, D, E as
illustrated by FIG. 12(c) and the lateral position of the points A,
B, C, D, E as illustrated by FIG. 13(e).
[0137] A method of creating a customized shoe sole to fix the
defects in a user's natural gait is provided herein. In one
embodiment, a gait analysis is conducted and the gait of a user is
measured using gait analysis techniques. Based on the results of
the gait analysis, a customized sole with positioning faces can be
created for each user. The positioning faces will compensate for
and fix problems in the natural gait of the user. The customized
sole can be created using features as required by the results of
the gait analysis. For instance, the gait analysis will determine
the degree of pronation or supination of a user. If the user is
determined to have over-supinated ankles, a sole with positioning
faces on the medial side can be created to eliminate the
over-supinated ankles. The features used to create the customized
sole are described herein as alternative embodiments of the sole.
The features can be used alone, or in combination to create a fully
customized sole with positioning faces.
[0138] FIGS. 15-26 show alternative embodiments of the sole 10. In
one embodiment, the sole only comprises one positioning face 12,
and the first positioning face 12 is angled in the direction of the
arrow, as seen in FIG. 15. The positioning face 12 is illustrated
as planar; however, it should be appreciated that the positioning
face 12 may be convex, concave, or otherwise non-planar.
[0139] In another embodiment, the sole 10 comprises a third
positioning face 16 located on the heel of the sole, as seen in
FIG. 16. A positioning face located towards the back of the foot
can help provide greater stability to the user and can be accessed
when the user shifts their weight backward. It is particularly
useful in sports where foot placement is critical such as golf,
baseball, curling, etc.
[0140] In yet another embodiment, one positioning face can be lower
to, or higher from the ground than another positioning face. This
embodiment can be seen in FIGS. 17a and 17b. In FIG. 17a, the first
positioning face 12 is closer to the ground than the second
positioning face 14; allowing the wearer to use their toes and the
front of their foot to generate more force. Having a first
positioning face lower than a second positioning face is useful
during running and jumping. In FIG. 17b, the second positioning
face 14 is closer to the ground than the first positioning face 12;
allowing the user to the ball of their foot 24 to assist in lateral
movement. This embodiment allows the user to lean towards a
specific direction to create more torque with less effort and thus
it can be useful in sports such as tennis and basketball.
[0141] The positioning face may also include cushioning 40 to help
transition from the primary surface of the sole to one or more of
the positioning faces. In one embodiment, the first positioning
face 12 is cushioned to assist the user in moving forward.
Alternatively, the second positioning face 14 can also be cushioned
to assist the user in moving backward. The cushion 40 may be soft
or firm, or a combination thereof, depending on the application
required by the user. The cushioning 40 may also absorb impact, for
example, when the user jumps and needs to land the fall in a safe
manner. FIG. 18a shows the cushion 40 at the first positioning face
12. FIG. 18b shows the cushion 40 at the second positioning face
14. Alternatively, the cushion 40 can be placed at both positioning
faces 12, 14, as shown in FIGS. 18c and 18d. One positioning face
may be cushioned with a compressible material and another
positioning face cushioned with a firm material or, may not be
cushioned at all. The cushion can be applied to the entire
positioning face. The cushion can also be applied to the third
positioning face 16 (not pictured).
[0142] The outsole may comprise a tread 42 or flexible grooves 44.
In one embodiment, the tread 42 is attached on the underside of the
midsole and positioning face. The tread may be flush with the
ground or, it can be shaped to contour the positioning face, as
shown in FIGS. 19a and 19b respectively. Flexible grooves 44 can be
installed on the outsole for additional support, as shown in FIG.
20a. When the user weighs down on the first positioning face 12,
the grooves 44 flex and spread apart, as shown in FIG. 20b.
[0143] The sole and the positioning faces 12, 14, 16 can be curved
or rounded to make the transition between the lateral and medial or
the first, second and third positioning faces 12, 14, 16 more
natural. This embodiment can be observed in FIGS. 21a and 21b. FIG.
21a shows a partial cross sectional view of an embodiment of the
sole wherein the transition between the primary surface 18 and the
second positioning face 14 is curved. FIG. 21b shows a bottom
perspective view of the same.
[0144] In another embodiment of the sole design, positioning face
attachment members 46 can be detachably attached to a positioning
face. The sole can have no positioning faces when the attachment
member 46 is attached to having at least one or more positioning
faces when the attachment member is detached. FIG. 22a shows a
cross sectional view of the sole with positioning face attachment
members. FIG. 22b shows the attachment member 46 in isolation. The
attachment member can be detachably attached using a Velcro
mechanism, mechanical fasteners, zippers, magnets, or a combination
of these mechanisms. The plate 50 may also be embedded into the
outsole of the shoe such that it is attached in a more permanent
way.
[0145] Transition mechanisms can be added to the sole to assist in
implementing the positioning faces of the sole. FIG. 23 show
cross-sectional views of the sole with various transitioning
mechanisms. The outsole comprises a plate 50 and a hinge 48 such
that the plate 50 is biased to the natural stance and can move to
the athletic stances when the user shifts their weight forward. The
sole can optionally comprise a hollow space 52, an air cavity, or a
compressible material 54 such that the sole 50 can smoothly
transition between the stances. The compressible material may be
constructed of a foam, rubber, plastic, fluids, gases, and the
like. The material may be 3D printed, injection molded, overmolded,
sprayed or filled into the space.
[0146] FIG. 23a shows that the plate 50 can be open and shut to
shift between the natural stance and the athletic stance. FIG. 23b
shows a fixed plate 50 embedded within the positioning faces. The
plate 50 can be detachably fixed to the positioning face via
magnets in combination with the hinge mechanism to maintain the
athletic stance. The plate 50 can take shape of the positioning
faces being used. While the plate 50 is engaged with the ground,
the heel 23 or primary surface 18 may not necessarily be lifted
from the ground.
[0147] FIG. 23c shows that the space between the outsole 66 and the
positioning face 12 can be filled with air 52. FIG. 23d shows the
space between the outsole 66 and positioning face 12 can be filled
with a compressible material 54 such as foam. The outsole 66 can be
detachably fixed to the positioning face via magnets in combination
with the hinge mechanism to maintain the athletic stance. The
outsole 66 can take shape of the positioning faces being used. The
heel portion 23 and/or primary surface 18 may be flushed with the
positioning faces 12, 14 if the wearer does not apply pressure on
top of the positioning faces, to engage the positioning faces in
the athletic stance. While the outsole 66 is engaged with the
ground, the heel 23 or primary surface 18 may not necessarily be
lifted from the ground.
[0148] In an alternative embodiment, a lever mechanism 58 can be
added to the sole to assist the user transition from the lateral
side to the medial side of the sole. FIG. 24 provides a
cross-sectional view of a sole with a lever mechanism. The sole can
optionally comprise a hollow space or an air cavity 56 for a smooth
transition between the positioning faces. FIG. 24a shows the lever
58 in its biased position, whereas FIG. 24b shows the lever in an
active state. In another embodiment, a wedge 60 can be placed in
between the first and second faces 12, 14 to separate the force
being used from the first and the second positioning faces. While
using the first positioning face, the wedge can help exert more
force from the user's toes, as seen in FIG. 25. It is understood
that the mechanism may comprise multiple geometries, sizes,
materials, or a combination thereof.
[0149] In yet another embodiment, a flap mechanism 62 can be added
to the sole, as seen in FIGS. 26a and 26b. The flap 62 can be
compressed and spread out under a positioning face to provide
greater surface area for the big toe 22 to lift off with. Having a
greater surface area will provide greater traction for the foot,
giving greater stability to the user, while still having the
ability to use the second positioning face to change directions
laterally. This feature can be used in any of the 3 positioning
faces (not shown in the figures).
[0150] FIG. 27 shows a sample gait chart of a left foot while
taking one step. Either the heel of the foot 23 or the ball of the
foot 24 is activated at any given point. During heel strike, the
user may activate the third positioning face near the heel and push
forward into the natural stance. Once the heel is lifted, the user
may transition into the athletic stance for toe off position. The
shoe sole with positioning faces has been created to fix a user's
actual gait and convert it into an ideal gait. The gait analysis of
the user will help determine which features of the sole with
positioning faces will be used to create a customized shoe sole.
The features can be used in combination with each other or alone to
help create an ideal gait for each user. The customized sole can be
used to compensate for any irregularities in the user's natural
gait. Most of the pressure when walking is put on the heel of the
foot 23, ball of foot 24 and the big toe 22, and having a sole with
positioning faces can help relieve the pressure.
[0151] FIG. 27A illustrates degree of pronation or supination
(ankle tilt) when walking. The walking cycle begins at heel strike
and continues to midstance and finishes at toe off. FIG. 27B shows
the back view of a right leg, ankle and foot in motion with
reference to FIG. 27A. FIG. 27C shows the medial view of a right
leg with reference to FIGS. 27A and B. FIG. 27D shows the bottom
view of a right foot, regions of higher pressure are shaded black
with reference to FIG. 27A-C.
[0152] FIGS. 28-36 illustrate prototypes of the sole having
multiple positioning faces. FIG. 28 shows the bottom view of the
left sole having three positioning faces. The first positioning
face 12 is angled downward, away from the primary surface 18. This
embodiment also has a second angled positioning face 14 and a third
angled positioning face 16. FIG. 29 shows a lateral view of the
sole from FIG. 28. The angles of the three positioning faces can
vary.
[0153] FIG. 30 shows another embodiment of a sole with three
positioning faces. In this embodiment, the positioning faces have
smaller angles. FIG. 31 shows a bottom perspective view of the sole
shown in FIG. 30. The first positioning face 12 is angled forward,
while the second 14 and third positioning 16 faces are angled
inward. FIG. 32 shows a front view of the sole in FIG. 30.
[0154] FIG. 33 shows a bottom view of an example of a right sole
with five positioning faces. In this instance, there are 2
positioning faces between the first positioning face 12 and second
positioning face 14, which are angled to create a wedge in the
sole. A wedge 60 can be placed in between the first and second
faces 12, 14 to allow the user to exert force from their toes, as
seen in FIGS. 25 and 33. It is understood that the mechanism may
comprise multiple geometries, sizes, materials, or a combination
thereof.
[0155] FIG. 34 shows a bottom view of an example of a left sole
with curved positioning faces and subfaces. In this embodiment, the
first positioning face 12, the second positioning face 14 and the
third positioning face 16 are curved outward. The first positioning
face has been subdivided into two subfaces, 112a and 112b. The
second positioning face has been subdivided into two subfaces, 114a
and 114b. The third positioning face has been subdivided into two
subfaces, 116a and 116b. FIG. 35 is a medial view of the sole in
FIG. 34. FIG. 36 is a front upside-down view of the sole in FIG.
34.
[0156] FIG. 37 shows a bottom perspective view of a plate 50 having
a first positioning face 12, a second positioning face 14, and a
third positioning face 16. Alternatively, the plate can have any
number or combination of positioning faces. The plate 50 can be
detachably fixed to the bottom of a shoe sole to transform an
ordinary shoe into a shoe with positioning faces. FIG. 38 shows a
top perspective view of the plate 50 shown in FIG. 37. The top of
the plate 50 contains magnets 64 to detachably fixed to the bottom
of a shoe sole also containing magnets. Alternatively, the plate 50
can be detachably fixed to the sole of a shoe using adhesives,
Velcro strips, mechanical fasteners, screws, or any combination
thereof.
[0157] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, where considered
appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures
to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition,
numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a
thorough understanding of the examples described herein. However,
it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that
the examples described herein may be practiced without these
specific details. In other instances, well-known methods,
procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as
not to obscure the examples described herein. Also, the description
is not considered as limiting the scope of the examples described
herein.
[0158] It will be appreciated that the examples and corresponding
diagrams used herein are for illustrative purposes only. Different
configurations and terminology can be used without departing from
the principles expressed herein. For instance, components and
modules can be added, deleted, modified, or arranged with differing
connections without departing from these principles.
[0159] Although the above principles have been described with
reference to certain specific examples, various modifications
thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art as outlined in
the appended claims.
* * * * *