U.S. patent application number 17/005548 was filed with the patent office on 2021-03-18 for methods of determining levels of exposure to radiation and uses thereof.
The applicant listed for this patent is Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Inc., Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.. Invention is credited to Dipanjan Chowdhury, Chandan Guha.
Application Number | 20210079467 17/005548 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005248129 |
Filed Date | 2021-03-18 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20210079467 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chowdhury; Dipanjan ; et
al. |
March 18, 2021 |
METHODS OF DETERMINING LEVELS OF EXPOSURE TO RADIATION AND USES
THEREOF
Abstract
Provided herein are methods of determining a subject's level of
exposure to radiation and methods of determining a subject's risk
of subsequent development of radiation disease or risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure that include determining a level
of one or more miRNAs selected from the group consisting of mouse
and human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, in a sample
including a biological fluid from the subject.
Inventors: |
Chowdhury; Dipanjan;
(Brookline, MA) ; Guha; Chandan; (Bronx,
NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Inc. |
Boston
Bronx |
MA
NY |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005248129 |
Appl. No.: |
17/005548 |
Filed: |
August 28, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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15546337 |
Jul 26, 2017 |
10801065 |
|
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PCT/US2016/017187 |
Feb 9, 2016 |
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17005548 |
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62114456 |
Feb 10, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12Q 1/6883 20130101;
C12Q 2600/178 20130101; C12Q 2600/158 20130101; C12Q 1/6876
20130101; G01N 33/5088 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C12Q 1/6876 20060101
C12Q001/6876; C12Q 1/6883 20060101 C12Q001/6883; G01N 33/50
20060101 G01N033/50 |
Goverment Interests
STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH
[0002] This invention was made with government support under grant
numbers AI101897, CA142698, and A1091175 awarded by The National
Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the
invention.
Claims
1.-59. (canceled)
60. A method of determining the efficacy of a treatment for
reducing radiation-induced damage administered to a human subject
exposed to a significant dose of radiation, the method comprising:
(a) determining a first level of one or more miRNAs in a first
serum sample obtained from the human subject exposed to a
significant dose radiation at a first time point, wherein the one
or more miRNAs is selected from the group consisting of
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-342-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p; (b)
after the first time point and before a second time point,
administering the treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage
to the human subject; (c) determining a second level of the one or
more miRNAs of step (a) in a second serum sample obtained from the
human subject at the second time point; and (d) determining the
efficacy of the treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage
administered to the human subject based on a comparison of the
second level(s) of the one or more miRNAs to the first level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs, wherein one or more of (i) an elevation in
the second level of one or more of miR-136-5p, miR-322-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, and (ii) a decrease in the second level
of one or more of miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-34b6-3p, miR-30a-3p,
and miR-30c-5p, as compared to the first level(s) of one or more of
miR-136-5p, miR-322-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p,
indicates that the treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage
administered to the human subject was effective.
61.-64. (canceled)
65. The method of claim 60, wherein the treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage is selected from the group consisting of:
cytokines, potassium iodide, Prussian blue, diethylenetriamine
pentaacetic acid, bone marrow transplantation, blood transfusion,
and surgery to remove damaged tissues.
66. The method of claim 65, wherein the cytokines are selected from
the group consisting of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,
filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim.
67. The method of claim 60, wherein the first and second level(s)
of the one or more miRNAs in the first and second serum samples are
determined in steps (a) and (c) by amplifying the miRNAs present in
the first and second serum samples to generate amplification
products, contacting the amplified products to a substrate, and
detecting the amplified products bound to the substrate.
68.-80. (canceled)
81. The method of claim 60, wherein the method further comprises
administering an alternate treatment to the human subject when the
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage is determined as
not being effective.
82. The method of claim 60, wherein the method further comprises
administering one or more additional doses of the treatment for
reducing radiation-induced damage when the treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage is determined as being effective.
83. A method of treating a human subject in need thereof, the
method comprising: (a) determining a level of one or more miRNAs
selected from the group consisting of miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-34b-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a serum sample from the human
subject, wherein the serum sample is obtained from the human
subject after a possible exposure of the human subject to
radiation; (b) comparing the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in
the serum sample from the human subject to reference level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs, wherein the reference level(s) of the one
or more miRNAs are levels of the one or more miRNAs in a reference
serum sample from a human subject not exposed to radiation; (c)
determining that (i) the human subject's exposure to radiation is
sublethal when the level of miR-130a-3p is increased, or the level
of miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-150-5p, or miR-342-3p is decreased in
the serum sample from the human subject compared to the reference
level(s) of the one or more miRNAs; (ii) the human subject's
exposure to radiation is high and not lethal when the level of
miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-322-3p, or miR-136-5p is increased or
the level of miR-17-3p is decreased in the serum sample from the
human subject compared to the reference level(s) of the one or more
miRNAs; or (iii) the human subject's exposure to radiation is
lethal when the level of miR-30a-3p or miR-30c-3p are increased, or
the level of miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, or miR-27a-3p is decreased in
the serum sample compared to the reference level(s) of the one or
more miRNAs; (d) selecting for the human subject (1) a treatment
for reducing damage induced by a sublethal dose of radiation if the
human subject's exposure is determined to be sublethal in step (c),
(2) a treatment for reducing damage induced by a high and not
lethal dose of radiation if the human subject's exposure is
determined to be high and not lethal in step (c), or (3) a
treatment for reducing damage induced by a lethal dose of radiation
if the human subject's exposure is determined to be lethal in step
(c); and (e) administering the treatment of step (d) to the human
subject.
84. The method of claim 83, wherein the treatment is selected from
the group consisting of: administration of one or more of a
cytokine, potassium iodide, Prussian blue, and diethylenetriamine
pentaacetic acid, bone marrow transplantation, blood transfusion,
and surgery to remove damaged tissues.
85. The method of claim 84, wherein the cytokine is selected from
the group consisting of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,
filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim.
86. The method of claim 83, wherein the serum sample is obtained
from the human subject within 30 minutes to 96 hours after the
possible exposure of the human subject to radiation.
87. The method of claim 83, wherein the sublethal dose of radiation
is less than or equal to 2 Gy of radiation; the high and not lethal
dose of radiation is greater than 2 Gy to about 6 Gy; and the
lethal dose of radiation is greater than about 6.5 Gy.
88. A method of treating a human subject in need thereof, wherein
the human subject is or has previously been determined to have an
increased serum level of miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-34b-3p, or miR-30c-5p or a decreased serum level of
miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, or
miR-194-5p relative to a reference level of the miRNA, wherein the
reference level of the miRNA is a level of the miRNA in a reference
serum sample from a human subject not exposed to radiation, the
method comprising administering to the human subject a treatment
for radiation disease.
89. The method of claim 88, wherein the treatment for radiation
disease is selected from the group consisting of: administration of
one or more of a cytokine, potassium iodide, Prussian blue, and
diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, bone marrow transplantation,
blood transfusion, and surgery to remove damaged tissues.
90. The method of claim 89, wherein the cytokine is selected from
the group consisting of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,
filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim.
91. The method of claim 88, wherein the serum level of miR-130a-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-34b-3p, and miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, or
miR-194-5p is from a serum sample obtained from the human subject
within 30 minutes to 96 hours after possible exposure of the human
subject to radiation.
92. The method of claim 88, wherein the treatment is for radiation
disease caused by exposure to a sublethal, high and not lethal, or
lethal dose of radiation.
93. The method of claim 92, wherein the sublethal dose of radiation
is less than or equal to 2 Gy of radiation; the high and not lethal
dose of radiation is greater than 2 Gy to about 6 Gy; and the
lethal dose of radiation is greater than about 6.5 Gy.
94. A method of treating a human subject in need thereof, the
method comprising: (a) determining a level of one or more miRNAs
selected from the group consisting of miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-706, miR-322-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-30c-5p in a serum
sample from the human subject; (b) comparing the levels of the one
or more miRNAs in the serum sample from the human subject to
reference levels of the one or more miRNAs, wherein the reference
levels of the one or more miRNAs are levels of the one or more
miRNAs in a reference serum sample from a human subject not exposed
to radiation; (c) determining that the level of the one or more
miRNAs miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-34b-3p, and miR-30c-5p is
increased and the level of the one or more miRNAs miR-142-5p,
miR-706, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, and miR-194-5p, is
decreased in the serum sample from the human subject compared to
the reference levels of the one or more miRNAs; (d) selecting a
treatment for reducing damage induced by radiation for the human
subject; and (e) administering the treatment for reducing damage
induced by radiation to the human subject.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional and claims priority to U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 15/546,337, filed on Jul. 26, 2017
which is a U.S. National Stage application of International
Application No. PCT/US2016/017187, filed Feb. 9, 2016, which claims
the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No.
62/114,456, filed Feb. 10, 2015. The contents of all of the prior
applications are incorporated herein by reference in their
entirety.
SEQUENCE LISTING
[0003] This application incorporates by reference the Computer
Readable Form (CRF) of a Sequence Listing in ASCII text format
submitted via EFS-Web. The Sequence Listing text file submitted via
EFS-Web, entitled 00530-0321002SEQ.txt, was created on Aug. 27,
2020, and is 39 KB bytes in size.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0004] This invention relates generally to the fields of medicine
and radiation biology.
BACKGROUND
[0005] Radiation disease, also known as acute radiation syndrome
(ARS), is caused by exposure to a large dose of radiation often
over a short period of time. The symptoms of radiation disease
include, but are not limited to, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
headache, fever, skin damage, loss of bone marrow stem cells,
internal bleeding, and possibly death. The severity and onset of
symptoms depend upon the amount of radiation absorbed by the body.
In general, greater doses of radiation result in a more rapid onset
of severe radiation disease in a subject.
[0006] MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, typically
about 19-22 nucleotides in size, that play important roles in the
regulation of gene expression and various biological processes,
such as cell cycle control. MiRNAs have been implicated in a number
of diseases and are detected in biological fluids, such as
serum.
SUMMARY
[0007] The present disclosure is based, at least in part, on the
discovery that specific changes in the serum levels of specific
miRNAs occur in subjects that have been exposed to total body
irradiation, and that the changes in the levels of these specific
miRNAs are radiation dose-dependent and correlate with a subject's
risk of subsequent development of radiation disease, a subject's
risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure, and the efficacy of
a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage in a subject
exposed to a significant dose of radiation (e.g., when the
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage in a subject is
administered before or after total body irradiation). These
specific miRNAs can include, e.g., one or more (e.g., two or more,
three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or
more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more,
seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or
more) of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p,
miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and human homologues of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In view of these discoveries, provided
herein are methods of determining a subject's level of exposure to
radiation, methods of determining whether a subject has been
exposed to a radiation dose of 2 Gy or more, methods of determining
a subject's risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure, methods
of determining a subject's risk of subsequent development of
radiation disease, methods of selecting a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage for a subject, methods of selecting a
subject for treatment of radiation disease, methods of triaging a
plurality of subjects exposed to or suspected of having been
exposed to radiation, and methods of determining the efficacy of a
treatment administered to a subject exposed to a significant dose
of radiation, that include, e.g., determining a level of one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in
a sample including a biological fluid from a subject. Also provided
are kits that comprise, consist, or consist essentially of at least
one nucleic acid that comprises, consists, or consists essentially
of a sequence (e.g., a sequence to between 5 to 20 nucleotides or
between 5 to 15 nucleotides) that is complementary to one or more
of the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, and miR-126-3p.
[0008] Provided herein are methods for determining a subject's
level of exposure to radiation that include: (a) determining a
level of three or more miRNAs selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p and human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample including a biological
fluid from the subject; (b) comparing the level(s) of the one or
more miRNAs in the sample to reference levels of the three or more
miRNAs; and (c) determining the subject's level of exposure to
radiation based on the comparison of the levels of the three or
more miRNAs in the sample to the reference levels of the three or
more miRNAs. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, the subject is a mouse, and the three or more miRNAs are
selected from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In
some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, (i) three
or more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's exposure to
radiation is equal to or less than 2 Gy; (ii) three or more of an
elevated level of one or more of miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse
miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference levels, indicates that the subject's exposure to
radiation is between greater than 2 Gy and about 6.5 Gy; or (iii)
three or more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of
one or more of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared
to the reference levels, indicates that the subject's exposure to
radiation is greater than about 6.5 Gy. In some embodiments of any
of the methods described herein, in (i) the reference levels are
the level(s) of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in a sample
including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation; in (ii) the reference levels are the
levels of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-196b-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation or a
subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation; and in (iii) the
reference levels are the levels of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a subject exposed
to about 2 Gy of radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy of
radiation.
[0009] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human, and the three or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of human homologues of mouse miRNAs miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, (i) three or more of: an elevated level of one or more of
the human homologue of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or
more of the human homologue of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's exposure to
radiation is equal to or less than 2 Gy; (ii) three or more of: an
elevated level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse
miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level
of one or more of the human homologue of mouse miR-17-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's exposure to
radiation is between greater than 2 Gy and about 6.5 Gy; or (iii)
three or more of: an elevated level of one or more of the human
homologue of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in
the sample, as compared to the reference levels, indicates that the
subject's exposure to radiation is greater than about 6.5 Gy. In
some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, in (i) the
reference levels are the levels of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-196b-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation; in (ii) the reference levels are the levels of the
human homologues of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation; and
in (iii) the reference levels are the levels of the human
homologues of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample
includuing a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation, a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of
radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation.
[0010] Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include administering a treatment to the subject based on
the subject's determined level of exposure to radiation.
[0011] Also provided are methods of determining whether a subject
has been exposed to a radiation dose of 2 Gy or more that include:
(a) determining a level of one or more miRNAs selected from the
group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p,
and human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-1966-5p in a sample including a biological fluid from the
subject; (b) comparing the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in
the sample with a reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs; and
(c) determining whether the subject has been exposed to a radiation
dose of 2 Gy or more based on the comparison of the level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs in the sample with the reference level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs. In some embodiments of any of the methods
described herein, the subject is a mouse and the one or more miRNAs
are selected from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, one or more of: an elevated level of one
or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-1966-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse
miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p in the sample, as
compared to the reference level(s), indicates that the subject has
been exposed to 2 Gy or more radiation. In some embodiments of any
of the methods described herein, (i) the reference level(s) for
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-1966-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p are the level(s) of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-1966-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation; (ii) the reference level for mouse miR-17-3p is the
level of mouse miR-17-3p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation or a
subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation; and (iii) the reference
level(s) for mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
and miR-30c-5p are the level(s) of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation, or a
subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy radiation.
[0012] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human and the one or more miRNAs are selected from
the group of human homologues of miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, one or more of: an elevated level of one
or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p,
miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p, and/or a decreased level of
one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared
to reference level(s), indicates that the subject has been exposed
to 2 Gy or more radiation. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, (i) the reference level(s) for the human
homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p,
miR-1966-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p are
the level(s) of the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p,
miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-1966-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation; (ii)
the reference level for the human homologues of mouse miR-17-3p is
the level of the human homologues of mouse miR-17-3p in a sample
including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation or a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of
radiation; and (iii) the reference level(s) for the human
homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
and miR-30c-5p are the level(s) of the human homologues of mouse
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation or a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of
radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy radiation.
[0013] Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include administering a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage to the subject determined to have been
exposed to 2 Gy or more radiation.
[0014] Also provided are methods of determining a subject's risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure that include: (a)
determining a level of three or more miRNAs in a sample including a
biological fluid from the subject; (b) comparing the levels of the
three or more miRNAs in the sample to reference levels of the three
or more miRNAs; and (c) determining the subject's risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure based on the comparison of the
levels of the three or more miRNAs in the sample to the reference
levels of the three or more miRNAs. Also provided are methods of
assessing a subject's risk of subsequent development of radiation
disease, where the subject has been exposed or is suspected of
being exposed, to a significant dose of radiation that include: (a)
determining a level of three or more miRNAs in a sample including a
biological fluid from the subject; (b) comparing the levels of the
three or more miRNAs in the sample to reference levels of the three
or more miRNAs; and (c) determining the subject's risk of
subsequent radiation disease based on the comparison of the levels
of the three or more miRNAs in the sample to the reference levels
of the three or more miRNAs.
[0015] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a mouse, and the three or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein, (i) three or
more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of poor
prognosis is moderate; (ii) three or more of: an elevated level of
one or more of mouse miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-17-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of poor
prognosis is high; or (iii) three or more of: an elevated level of
one or more of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s), indicates that the subject's risk of
poor prognosis is very high.
[0016] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a mouse, and the three or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein, (i) three or
more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease is moderate; (ii) three or more
of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-34b-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse
miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of
subsequent development of radiation disease is high; or (iii) three
or more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample,
as compared to the reference levels, indicates that the subject's
risk of subsequent development of radiation disease is very
high.
[0017] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
in (i) the reference levels are the levels of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, miR-196b-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation; in (ii) the reference levels are the levels of mouse
miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and
miR-338-3p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation or a subject exposed
to about 2 Gy of radiation; and in (iii) the reference levels are
the levels of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample including a biological
fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of
radiation, a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation, or a
subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation.
[0018] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human, and the three or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, (i) three or more of: an elevated level of one or more of
the human homologue of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or and a decreased level of one or
more of the human homologues of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of poor
prognosis is moderate; (ii) three or more of: an elevated level of
one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-34b-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human
homologue of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference levels, indicates that the subject's
risk of poor prognosis is high; or (iii) three or more of: an
elevated level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of the human homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared
to the reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of poor
prognosis is very high.
[0019] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human, and the three or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, (i) three or more of: an elevated level of one or more of
the human homologue of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or
more of the human homologues of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease is moderate; (ii) three or more
of: an elevated level of one or more of the human homologues of
mouse miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level
of one of more of the human homologue of mouse miR-17-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference levels, indicates that the subject's risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease is high; or (iii) three or more
of: an elevated level of one or more of the human homologues of
mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of the human homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s), indicates that the subject's risk of
subsequent development of radiation disease is very high.
[0020] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
in (i) the reference levels are the levels of the human homologues
of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-196b-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation; in (ii) the reference levels are the
levels of the human homologues of mouse miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation; and
in (iii) the reference levels are the levels of the human
homologues of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample including a biological
fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of
radiation, a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation, or a
subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation.
[0021] Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include (d) hospitalizing a subject identified as having a
very high risk or a high risk of poor prognosis from radiation
exposure, or treating a subject identified as having a moderate
risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure on an outpatient
basis. Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include (d) hospitalizing a subject identified as having a
very high risk or high risk of subsequent development of radiation
disease, or treating a subject identified as having a moderate risk
of subsequent development of radiation disease on an outpatient
basis.
[0022] Also provided are methods of selecting a treatment for a
subject that include (a) determining a level of one or more miRNAs
selected from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p and human homologues of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p in a sample including a biological fluid from the
subject; (b) comparing the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in
the sample to reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs; and (c)
selecting a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage for a
subject based on the comparison of the level(s) of the one or more
miRNAs in the sample to the reference level(s) of the one or more
miRNAs.
[0023] Also provided are methods of selecting a subject for
treatment of radiation disease that include: (a) determining a
level of one or more miRNAs selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p and human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from the subject; (b) comparing the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in the sample to reference level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs; and (c) selecting a subject for treatment of
radiation disease based on the comparison of the level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs in the sample to the reference level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs.
[0024] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a mouse and the one or more miRNAs are selected from
the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage is selected for a subject having one or
more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to reference level(s).
[0025] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a mouse and the one or more miRNAs are selected from
the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, a subject having one or more of: an
elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to reference
level(s), is selected for treatment of radiation disease, or a
subject not having one or more of: an elevated level of one or more
of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to reference level(s), is not
selected for treatment of radiation disease.
[0026] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
(i) the reference level(s) for mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p are the level(s) of mouse
miR-130a-3p and miR-150-5p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation; (ii)
the reference level for mouse miR-17-3p is the level of mouse
miR-17-3p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation or a subject exposed
to about 2 Gy of radiation; and (iii) the reference level(s) for
mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p are the level(s) or mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation, a subject exposed to about 2G of radiation, or
exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation.
[0027] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human and the one or more miRNAs are selected from
the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p. In some embodiments of any
of the methods described herein, a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage is selected for a subject having one or
more of: an elevated level of one or more of the human homologues
of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to reference level(s).
[0028] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human and the one or more miRNAs are selected from
the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p. In some embodiments of any
of the methods described herein, a subject having one or more of:
an elevated level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of
one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to reference level(s), is
selected for treatment of radiation disease, or a subject not
having one or more of: an elevated level of one or more of the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human homologues of
mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to reference level(s), is not selected for treatment of radiation
disease.
[0029] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
(i) the reference level(s) for the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p are
the level(s) of the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation; (ii) the reference level for the human homologues of
mouse miR-17-3p is the level of the human homologues of mouse
miR-17-3p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation or a subject exposed
to about 2 Gy of radiation; and (iii) the reference level(s) for
the human homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p are the level(s) of the human homologues
of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a subject exposed
to about 2 Gy of radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy of
radiation.
[0030] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage is selected
from the group of: administration of one or more of a cytokine,
potassium iodide, Prussian blue, and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic
acid, bone marrow transplantation, blood transfusion, and surgery
to remove damaged tissues. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, the cytokine is selected from the group
of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, filgrastim, and
pegfilgrastim. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, the selected treatment includes inpatient treatment. Some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein further include
administering the selected treatment to the subject.
[0031] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject has been identified as being exposed to radiation or is
suspected of having been exposed to radiation. In some embodiments
of any of the methods described herein, the subject is or was
previously at a location having or suspected of having had a
significant level of radiation. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, the location is the site of a nuclear
attack, the site of radiation release from a nuclear weapon, a
nuclear energy facility, a nuclear waste facility, or a nuclear
medicine facility. In some embodiments of any of the methods
described herein, the sample is obtained from the subject within 30
minutes to 96 hours after the subject's possible exposure to
radiation.
[0032] Also provided herein are methods of triaging a plurality of
subjects exposed or suspected of being exposed to radiation that
include, for each subject in the plurality: (a) determining a level
of three or more miRNAs selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p and human homologues of one or more of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample including a biological
fluid from the subject; (b) comparing the levels of the three or
more miRNAs in the sample to reference levels of the three or more
miRNAs; and (c) triaging the subject based on the comparison of the
levels of the three or more miRNAs in the sample to the reference
levels of the three or more miRNAs.
[0033] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a mouse and the three or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein, (i) a subject
having three or more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-150-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference levels, is given low priority in triaging; (ii) a
subject having three or more of: an elevated level of one or more
of mouse miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and
miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to the reference levels, is
given medium priority in triaging; or (iii) a subject having three
or more of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared to the reference levels, is
given high priority in triaging. In some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein, (i) the reference levels for mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p,
miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p are the levels
of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation; (ii) the reference levels for mouse
miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and
miR-338-3p are the levels of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or a subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation; and
(iii) the reference levels for mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p are the levels of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a subject exposed
to about 2G of radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy of
radiation.
[0034] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human and the three or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, (i) a subject having three or more of: an elevated level of
one or more of the human homologue of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse
miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference levels, is given low priority in
triaging; (ii) a subject having three or more of: an elevated level
of one or more of the human homologue of mouse miR-320-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human
homologue of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference levels, is given medium priority in
triaging; or (iii) a subject having three or more of: an elevated
level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of the human homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared
to the reference levels, is given high priority in triaging. In
some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, (i) the
reference levels for the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-196b-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p are the levels of the human
homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p,
miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and
miR-187-3p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation; (ii) the reference
levels for the human homologues of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-196b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p are the levels of the human
homologues of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-196b-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation or a
subject exposed to about 2 Gy of radiation; and (iii) the reference
levels for the human homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p are the levels of the human homologues
of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample
including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation, a subject exposed to about 2G of
radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation.
[0035] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
at least two of the plurality of subjects are or were previously at
a location having or suspected of having had a significant level of
radiation. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, the location is the site of a nuclear attack, the site of
radiation release from a nuclear weapon, a nuclear energy facility,
a nuclear waste facility, or a nuclear medicine facility.
[0036] Also provided herein are methods of determining the efficacy
of a treatment administered to a subject exposed to a significant
dose of radiation that include: (a) determining a first level of
one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
obtained from the subject exposed to a significant dose radiation a
first time point; (b) after the first time point and before a
second time point, administering a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage to the subject; (c) determining a second
level of the one or more miRNAs in a sample comprising a biological
fluid obtained from the subject at the second time point; and (d)
determining the efficacy of the treatment administered to the
subject based on a comparison of the second level(s) of the one or
more miRNAs to the first level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0037] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a mouse, and the one or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p. In some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein, one or more of:
an elevation in the second level of one or more of mouse
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, and/or a decrease in the second level
of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-346-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, as compared to the first level(s) of
one or more of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-18'7-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-346-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, indicates that the
treatment administered to the subject was effective.
[0038] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human, and the one or more miRNAs are selected
from the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p. In some embodiments of any of the methods described
herein, one or more of: an elevation in the second level of one or
more of the human homologues of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p,
and/or a decrease in the second level of one or more of the human
homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-346-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, as compared to the first level(s) of
one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-346-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p, indicates that the treatment administered to the
subject was effective.
[0039] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage is selected
from the group of: cytokines, potassium iodide, Prussian blue,
diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, bone marrow transplantation,
blood transfusion, and surgery to remove damaged tissues. In some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the cytokines
are selected from the group of granulocyte colony-stimulating
factor, filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim.
[0040] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the first and second level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the
samples are determined in steps (a) and (c) by amplifying the
miRNAs present in the sample(s) to generate amplification products,
contacting the amplified products to a substrate, and detecting the
amplified products bound to the substrate.
[0041] Also provided are methods for determining the efficacy of a
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage in a subject
exposed to a significant level of radiation that include: (a)
determining a level of one or more miRNAs in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject previously exposed to a significant
level of radiation and thereafter administered a treatment for
reducing radiation-induced damage; (b) comparing the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in the sample to reference level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs; and (c) determining efficacy of the treatment
for reducing radiation-induced damage in the subject based on the
comparison of the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the sample
to the reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0042] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a mouse and the one or more miRNAs are selected from
the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p. In some embodiments of any
of the methods described herein, one or more of: an elevated level
of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s), indicates that treatment was not effective, or
a non-elevated level of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, and a non-decreased level of mouse
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s), indicates that treatment was effective. In some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the reference
level(s) for mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p are the level(s) of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to a significant level of radiation and not
administered a treatment or not administered an effective
treatment, or a control subject that was exposed to a significant
level of radiation and administered an effective treatment.
[0043] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject is a human and the one or more miRNAs are selected from
the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p. In
some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, one or
more of: an elevated level of one or more of the human homologues
of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human
homologues of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s), indicates that treatment was not
effective, or a non-elevated level of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, and
a non-decreased level of the human homologues of mouse miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and
miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared to the reference level(s),
indicates that treatment was effective. In some embodiments of any
of the methods described herein, the reference level(s) for the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, are the
level(s) of the reference level(s) of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a subject exposed
to a significant level of radiation and not administered a
treatment or not administered an effective treatment, or a control
subject that was exposed to a significant level of radiation and
administered an effective treatment.
[0044] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the biological fluid is selected from the group of: blood, plasma,
serum, saliva, or urine. In some embodiments of any of the methods
described herein, the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the
sample is determined in step (a) by amplifying the miRNAs present
in the sample to generate amplification products, contacting the
amplified products to a substrate, and detecting the amplified
products bound to the substrate.
[0045] Also provided are kits consisting or consisting essentially
of one or more of: (i) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-130a-3p; (ii) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-150-5p; (iii) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-17-3p; (iv) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that
is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-187-3p; (v) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-194-5p; (vi) at least
one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-27a-3p;
(vii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-30a-3p; and (viii) at least one nucleic acid including
a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-30c-5p.
[0046] Some embodiments of any of the kits described herein further
include one or more of: (ix) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-142-5p; (x) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-342-3p; (xi) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-34b-3p; (xii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-126-3p; (xiii) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-320-3p; (xiv) at least
one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-136-5p;
(xv) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-33-5p; (xvi) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-142a-3p; (xvii) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-706; (xviii) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-375-3p; (xix) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-29a-5p; (xx) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-193a-3p; (xxi) at least
one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-99b-5p;
(xxii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-151-3p; (xxiii) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-let-7d-3p; (xxiv) at least one
nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-486-5p;
(xxv) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-423-5p; (xxvi) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-30b-5p; (xxvii) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-191-5p; (xxviii) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-497a-5p; (xxix) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-32-5p; (xxx) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-214-5p; (xxxi) at least
one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-326-3p;
(xxxii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-1195; (xxxiii) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-122-5p; (xxxiv) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-1839-3p; (xxxv) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-500-3p; (xxxvi) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-30e-3p; (xxxvii) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-322-3p; (xxxviii) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-709; (xxxix) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-486a-3p; (xxxx) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-133a-3p; (xxxxi) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-676-3p; (xxxxii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-744-5p; (xxxxiii) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-29a-3p; (xxxxiv) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-1839-5p; (xxxxv) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-30a-5p; (xxxxvi) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-199b-5p; (xxxxvii) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-125a-5p; (xxxxviii) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-133b-3p; (il) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-24-3p; (1) at least
one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-21a-5p;
(li) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-503-5p; (lii) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-328-3p; (liii) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-let-7g-5p; (liv) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-362-3p; (lv) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-199a-5p; (lvi) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-15a-3p; (lvii) at least
one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-139-5p;
(lviii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-149-5p; (lix) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of
the human homolog of mouse miR-29b-3p; (lx) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of
the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-1a-3p; (lxi) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-23b-3p; (lxii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-215-5p; (lxiii) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-204-5p; (lxiv) at least
one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-200b-5p; (lxv) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-25-3p; (lxvi) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence that is complementary to all or a part of the
sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-338-3p; and (lxvii) at
least one nucleic acid including a sequence that is complementary
to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-196b-5p.
[0047] In some embodiments of any of the kits described herein, one
or more of the nucleic acid of (i) through (lxvii) is bound to a
substrate. In some embodiments of any of the kits described herein,
the substrate is a chip, slide, or film.
[0048] As used herein, the word "a" before a noun represents one or
more of the particular noun. For example, the phrase "a level"
represents "one or more levels."
[0049] The term "subject" means any mammal, e.g., such as a human,
a monkey, a mouse, a rat, a rabbit, or a goat. A subject can be,
e.g., a subject suspected of being exposed to a significant dose of
radiation or a subject known to have been exposed to a significant
dose of radiation. Additional examples of subjects are described
herein.
[0050] The term "biological fluid" refers to any fluid produced by
the body of a subject (e.g., any of the subjects described herein).
Non-limiting examples of biological fluids include serum, plasma,
blood, urine, feces, saliva, lymph, sweat, tears, bile,
cerebrospinal fluid, chyle, aqueous humour, endolymph, perilymph,
exudate, and mucus.
[0051] The phrase "level of exposure to radiation" represents the
cumulative dose of radiation that a subject has been exposed to
during a specific period of time (e.g., a period of time that
includes a suspected or confirmed leakage of a high level of
radiation into the environment or includes a suspected or confirmed
exposure of a subject to a high level of radiation). For example, a
specific period of time can include a period of time between about
1 minute and about four weeks, between about 1 minute to about
three weeks, between about 5 minutes to about two weeks, between
about 1 minute to about one week, between about 1 minute to about 6
days, between about 1 minute to about 5 days, between about 1
minute to about 4 days, between about 1 minute to about 3 days,
between about 1 minute to about 2 days, between about 1 minute to
about 1 day, between about 1 minute to about 12 hours, between
about 1 minute to about 6 hours, between about 1 minute to about 4
hours, between about 1 minute to about 3 hours, between about 1
minute to about 2 hours, between about 1 minute to about 1 hour,
between about 1 minute to about 30 minutes, between about 1 minute
to about 20 minutes, between about 1 minute to about 15 minutes,
between about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, or between about 1
minute to about 5 minutes. In some examples, a period of time can
includes a suspected or confirmed leakage of a high level of
radiation into the environment, e.g., as a result of detonation of
a nuclear bomb, a leakage of a high level of radiation from a
nuclear energy facility, irradiation of the body of a subject
having a disease (e.g., cancer) in order to treat the disease
(e.g., cancer), or as a result of working or living near a nuclear
energy facility or a nuclear waste site.
[0052] The phrase "significant dose of radiation" is art known and
refers to a cumulative dose of radiation over a specific period of
time (e.g., a period of time that includes a suspected or confirmed
leakage of a high level of radiation into the environment or
includes a suspected or confirmed exposure of a subject to a high
level of radiation) that is greater than a cumulative dose of
background radiation from radioisotopes in the natural environment
(e.g., radioisotopes present in the earth and radioisotopes present
in the earth's atmosphere) that a subject has been exposed to over
a similar control period of time (e.g., a period of time that does
not include a suspected or confirmed leakage of a high level of
radiation into the environment and does not include a suspected or
confirmed exposure of a subject to a high level of radiation).
[0053] The phrase "treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage"
is art known and means a treatment administered to a subject for
the purpose of reducing the number, severity, development, and/or
rate of development of one or more (e.g., two, three, four, or
five) symptoms of radiation disease in a subject. Examples of
symptoms of radiation disease are described herein. Non-limiting
examples of treatments for reducing radiation-induced damage are
described herein. Additional examples of treatments for reducing
radiation-induced damage are known in the art. Exemplary methods
for determining the efficacy of treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage in a subject exposed to a significant dose
of radiation are also provided herein.
[0054] The phrase "risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure"
is art known and means a subject's risk of developing a severe form
of radiation disease in the future (e.g., between 1 day and 5
years, between 1 day and 4 years, between 1 day and 3 years,
between 1 day and 2 years, between 1 day and 1 year, between 1 day
and 10 months, between 1 day and 8 months, between 1 day and 6
months, between 1 day and 5 months, between 1 day and 4 months,
between 1 day and 3 months, between 1 day and 2 months, between 1
day and 7 weeks, between 1 day and 6 weeks, between 1 day and 5
weeks, between 1 day and 1 month, between 1 day and 3 weeks,
between 1 day and 2 weeks, or between 1 day and 1 week) as compared
to the risk in a control subject (e.g., a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation). Symptoms of a severe form of
radiation disease include, e.g., one or more of a decrease in the
number of bone marrow stromal cells, a decrease in the number of
hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), a decrease in the number of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a decrease in the number of
T-cells, a decrease in the number of B-cells, a decrease in the
number of neutrophils, a decrease in the level of platelets, a
decrease in the level of hemoglobin, a decrease in the complete
blood count (CBC), a decrease in the colony-forming units in
culture (CFU-C), a decrease in the bone marrow mononuclear cells
(BM-MNCs), a decrease in total white blood cell count, an increase
in the risk of infection, and an increased in the risk of death,
e.g., as compared to the numbers/levels of bone marrow stromal
cells, HPCs, HSCs, T-cells, B-cells, neutrophils, platelets,
hemoglobin, CBC, CFUs, CFU-C, BM-MNCs, and total white blood cell
count, and the risk of infection and risk of death in a control
subject (e.g., a subject not exposed to a significant dose of
radiation). Exemplary methods of determining a subject's risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure are described herein.
[0055] The phrase "risk of subsequent development of radiation
disease" is art known and means a subject's later risk (e.g.,
between 1 day and 5 years, between 1 day and 4 years, between 1 day
and 3 years, between 1 day and 2 years, between 1 day and 1 year,
between 1 day and 10 months, between 1 day and 8 months, between 1
day and 6 months, between 1 day and 5 months, between 1 day and 4
months, between 1 day and 3 months, between 1 day and 2 months,
between 1 day and 7 weeks, between 1 day and 6 weeks, between 1 day
and 5 weeks, between 1 day and 1 month, between 1 day and 3 weeks,
between 1 day and 2 weeks, or between 1 day and 1 week) of
developing radiation disease as compared to the risk in a control
subject (e.g., a subject not exposed to a significant dose of
radiation) (e.g., over a similar time period). Exemplary methods
for determining a subject's risk of subsequent development of
radiation disease are described herein.
[0056] The term "triaging" is art known and means evaluating a
plurality of subjects in order to prioritize the subjects for
treatment by a physician. Triaging can, e.g., be based on the
severity of each subject's exposure to radiation (e.g., as
determined using any of the methods described herein). Exemplary
methods for triaging a plurality of subjects having been exposed or
suspected of having been exposed to radiation are described
herein.
[0057] The phrase "efficacy of treatment" is art known and means
the absence or a reduction in the level of one or more (e.g., two,
three, or four) of the number, severity, development, and/or rate
of development of one or more (e.g., two, three, four, or five)
symptoms of radiation disease in a subject and/or the absence or a
reduction in a subject's risk of subsequent development of
radiation disease (e.g., as compared to a subject that has been
exposed to a similar level of radiation and has received a
different treatment or no treatment). Exemplary methods for
determining the efficacy of a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage in a subject are described herein.
[0058] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein
have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary
skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and
materials are described herein for use in the present invention;
other, suitable methods and materials known in the art can also be
used. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only
and not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent
applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are
incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict,
the present specification, including definitions, will control.
[0059] Other features and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and
from the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0060] FIG. 1 is a Kaplan-Meier survival curve of C57BL/6J male
mice (n=20 per group) exposed to 0 Gy- (control), 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-,
or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The data were analyzed by Log-rank
(Mantel-Cox) test.
[0061] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the total white blood cell count
in C57BL/6J mice at 1 day, 7 days, 15 days, or 30 days after 0 Gy-
(control), 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation (n=5 mice
per group per time point).
[0062] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the hemoglobin levels in C57BL/6J
mice at 1 day, 7 days, 15 days, or 30 days after 0 Gy- (control), 2
Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation (n=5 mice per group
per time point).
[0063] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the platelet levels in C57BL/6J
mice at 1 day, 7 days, 15 days, or 30 days after 0 Gy- (control), 2
Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation (n=5 mice per group
per time point).
[0064] FIG. 5 is a schematic of an experiment where C57BL/6J mice
were exposed to total body irradiation at 0 Gy- (control), 2 Gy-,
6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-, and sacrificed 24 hours, 7 days, 15 days, 30
days, or 3 months later. Bone marrow was collected from each
sacrificed mouse and the levels of bone marrow-mononuclear cells
(BM-MNCs), colony forming units in culture (CFU-C),
lineage-negative, Sca1-positive, c-kit-negative (LSK.sup.-) cells,
and LKS.sup.+ cells were determined in the collected bone
marrow.
[0065] FIG. 6 is a graph showing the number of bone marrow
mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) in millions per hind limb in bone
marrow collected from mice 24 hours after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or
8 Gy-total body irradiation. The error bars represent .+-.standard
error of the mean. All pairwise comparisons were performed by
one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with
asterisks represent statistically significant comparisons.
P<0.01, **; p<0.001, ***; not significant, n.s.
[0066] FIG. 7 is a graph showing the number of BM-MNCs (in
millions) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 7 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.001, ***; not significant, n.s.
[0067] FIG. 8 is a graph showing the number of BM-MNCs (in
millions) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 15 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **; p<0.001,
***; not significant, n.s.
[0068] FIG. 9 is a graph showing the number of BM-MNCs (in
millions) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice one
month after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.001, ***; not
significant, n.s.
[0069] FIG. 10 is a graph showing the number of BM-MNCs (in
millions) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice three
months after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. Not significant, n.s.
[0070] FIG. 11 is a graph showing the number of colony forming
units in culture (CFU-Cs) (in thousands) per hind limb in bone
marrow collected from mice 24 hours after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or
8 Gy-total body irradiation. The error bars represent .+-.standard
error of the mean. All pairwise comparisons were performed by
one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with
asterisks represent statistically significant comparisons.
P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **; not significant, n.s.
[0071] FIG. 12 is a graph showing the number of CFU-Cs (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 7 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.01, **; p<0.001, ***; not
significant, n.s.
[0072] FIG. 13 is a graph showing the number of CFU-Cs (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 15 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.01, **; not significant, n.s.
[0073] FIG. 14 is a graph showing the number of CFU-Cs (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice one
month after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.01, **.
[0074] FIG. 15 is a graph showing the number of CFU-Cs (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice three
months after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. Not significant, n.s.
[0075] FIG. 16 is a graph showing the number of lineage-negative,
Sca1-positive, c-kit-negative (LSK.sup.-) cells (in thousands) per
hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 24 hours after 0 Gy-,
2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The error bars
represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise comparisons
were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. The
horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically significant
comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **; not significant, n.s.
[0076] FIG. 17 is a graph showing the number of LSK.sup.- cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 7 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.01, **; not significant, n.s.
[0077] FIG. 18 is a graph showing the number of LSK.sup.- cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 15 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.001, ***;
p<0.0001, ****; not significant, n.s.
[0078] FIG. 19 is a graph showing the number of LSK.sup.- cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice one
month after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.01, **; p<0.001,
***.
[0079] FIG. 20 is a graph showing the number of LSK.sup.- cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice three
months after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **;
not significant, n.s.
[0080] FIG. 21 is a graph showing the number of LSK.sup.+ cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 24
hours after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **;
not significant, n.s.
[0081] FIG. 22 is a graph showing the number of LSK.sup.+ cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 7 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **; p<0.001,
***; not significant, n.s.
[0082] FIG. 23 is a graph showing the number of LSK.sup.+ cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice 15 days
after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent statistically
significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.001, ***; not
significant, n.s.
[0083] FIG. 24 is a graph showing the number of LW.sup.+ cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice one
month after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; p<0.01,
**.
[0084] FIG. 25 is a graph showing the number of LW.sup.+ cells (in
thousands) per hind limb in bone marrow collected from mice three
months after 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The error bars represent .+-.standard error of the mean. All
pairwise comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's test. The horizontal bars with asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.01, **; p<0.001,
***; not significant, n.s.
[0085] FIG. 26 is a schematic of an experiment where CD 45.2.sup.+
bone marrow is collected from mice three months after exposure to 0
Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation, the LKS.sup.+ cells
were isolated from the bone marrow by fluorescence-assisted cell
sorting (FACS), 2000 sorted LKS.sup.+ cells or 500,000 whole bone
marrow cells were mixed with CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells
from non-experimentally-irradiated mice, the mixture transplanted
into lethally-irradiated CD 45.1.sup.+ recipient mice (n=5 per
group), and the chimerism of CD45.1.sup.+ and CD45.2.sup.+
leukocytes determined at 1 and 4 months after transplantation of
the mixture into the lethally-irradiated recipient mice.
[0086] FIG. 27 shows a set of three, two-dimensional FACS profiles
of stained bone marrow collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three
months after their exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body
irradiation (and later used to sort LKS.sup.+ or whole bone marrow
cells for transplantation). Each horizontal set of three,
two-dimensional FACS profiles show, from left to right, the total
scatter (side scatter and forward scatter), lineage.sup.-, and
LKS.sup.+ gates. For LKS (lineage, cKit, Sca1) staining to
visualize hematopoietic precursor cells and hematopoietic stem
cells, whole bone marrow was stained with biotinylated anti-lineage
cocktail (anti-Mac1, Gr-1, CD3e, B220, and Ter119), APC-conjugated
anti-cKit (clone 2B8), and PECy7-conjugated anti-Sca1 (clone D7)
antibodies. Following primary antibody staining, the cells were
washed and incubated in PE-conjugated streptavidin secondary
antibody to visualize lineage positive cells. All primary and
secondary antibodies were obtained from BD Biosciences.
[0087] FIG. 28 is a pair of graphs showing the number of
donor-derived (CD45.2.sup.+) LKS.sup.+ cells and the number of
donor-derived (CD45.2.sup.+) whole bone marrow cells in the
peripheral blood of lethally-irradiated CD45.1.sup.+ recipient mice
one month after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted
LKS.sup.+ cells or 500,000 whole bone marrow cells obtained from a
CD45.2.sup.+ donor mouse three months after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2
Gy-, or 6.5-Gy irradiation, and (2) bone marrow support cells from
non-irradiated CD45.1.sup.+ mice. The error bars represent .+-.the
standard error of the mean. All pairwise comparisons were computed
using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. P<0.01, **; p<0.001,
***; p<0.0001, ****.
[0088] FIG. 29 is a pair of graphs showing the number of
donor-derived (CD45.2.sup.+) LKS.sup.+ cells and the number of
donor-derived (CD45.2.sup.+) whole bone marrow cells in the
peripheral blood of lethally-irradiated CD45.1.sup.+ recipient mice
four months after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted
LKS.sup.+ cells or 500,000 whole bone marrow cells obtained from a
CD45.2.sup.+ donor mouse three months after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2
Gy-, or 6.5 Gy- total body irradiation, and (2) bone marrow support
cells from non-irradiated CD45.1.sup.+ mice. The error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were computed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. Asterisks represent statistically significant comparisons.
P<0.001, ***; p<0.0001, ****.
[0089] FIG. 30 is three sets of two-dimensional FACS profiles of
total leukocytes, T-cells, B-cells, and myeloid cells (recipient
leukocytes, CD45.1.sup.+; T-cells, CD3e; B-cells, B220.sup.+; and
myeloid cells, Mac1/Gr1.sup.+) (top to bottom, respectively) in the
peripheral blood of recipient mice one month after transplantation
with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted LKS.sup.+ cells collected from
donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2
Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation (left to right, respectively)
and (2) 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells (right
panels, middle panels, and left panels, respectively).
[0090] FIG. 31 is a graph showing the percentage of donor-derived
CD45.2.sup.+ T-cells in a recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse one month
after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted LKS.sup.+
cells collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months after
exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation and (2)
250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were computed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. Asterisks represent significant comparisons. P<0.001, ***;
p<0.0001, ****.
[0091] FIG. 32 is a graph showing the percentage of donor-derived
CD45.2.sup.+ B-cells in a recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse one month
after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted LKS.sup.+
cells collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months after
exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation and (2)
250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were computed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. Asterisks represent significant comparisons. P<0.01,
**.
[0092] FIG. 33 is a graph showing the percentage of donor-derived
CD45.2.sup.+ myeloid cells in a recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse one
month after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted
LKS.sup.+ cells collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months
after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation
and (2) 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were computed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. Asterisks represent significant comparisons. P<0.0001,
****.
[0093] FIG. 34 is three sets of two-dimensional FACS profiles of
total leukocytes, T-cells, B-cells, and myeloid cells (recipient
leukocytes, CD45.1.sup.+; T-cells, CD3e; B-cells, B220.sup.+; and
myeloid cells, Mac1/Gr1.sup.+) (top to bottom, respectively) in the
peripheral blood of recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mice four months after
transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted LKS.sup.+ cells
collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months after exposure
to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation (left to right,
respectively) and (2) 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support
cells.
[0094] FIG. 35 is a graph showing the percentage of donor-derived
CD45.2.sup.+ T-cells in a recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse four months
after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted LKS.sup.+
cells collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months after
exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation and (2)
250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were computed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. Asterisks represent significant comparisons. P<0.001, ***;
p<0.0001, ****.
[0095] FIG. 36 is a graph showing the percentage of donor-derived
CD45.2.sup.+ B-cells in a recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse four months
after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted LKS.sup.+
cells collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months after
exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation and (2)
250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were computed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. Asterisks represent significant comparisons. P<0.01,
**.
[0096] FIG. 37 is a graph showing the percentage of donor-derived
CD45.2.sup.+ myeloid cells in a recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse four
months after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 2000 sorted
LKS.sup.+ cells collected from donor CD45.2.sup.+ mice three months
after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation
and (2) 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. All pairwise
comparisons were computed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's
test. Asterisks represent significant comparisons. P<0.0001,
****.
[0097] FIG. 38 is a pair of graphs of the percentage of
donor-derived CD45.2.sup.+ T-cells in the peripheral blood of a
recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse one month (left graph) or four months
(right graph) after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 500,000
bone marrow support cells from a donor CD45.2.sup.+ mouse three
months after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body
irradiation and (2) 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells.
Asterisks represent statistically significant comparisons. One-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was used to
assess statistical significance. P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **;
p<0.0001, ****; not significant, n.s.
[0098] FIG. 39 is a pair of graphs of the percentage of
donor-derived CD45.2.sup.+ B-cells in the peripheral blood of a
recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse one month (left graph) or four months
(right graph) after transplantation with a mixture of (1) 500,000
whole bone marrow cells from a donor CD45.2.sup.+ mouse three
months after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body
irradiation and (2) 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells.
Asterisks represent statistically significant comparisons. One-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was used to
assess statistical significance. P<0.01, **; p<0.0001,
****.
[0099] FIG. 40 is a pair of graphs of the percentage of
donor-derived CD45.2.sup.+ myeloid cells in the peripheral blood of
a recipient CD45.1.sup.+ mouse one month (left graph) or four
months (right graph) after transplantation with a mixture of (1)
500,000 whole bone marrow cells from a donor CD45.2.sup.+ mouse
three months after exposure to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body
irradiation and (2) 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support cells.
Asterisks represent statistically significant comparisons. One-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was used to
assess statistical significance. P<0.01, **; p<0.001, ***;
p<0.0001, ****; not significance, n.s.
[0100] FIG. 41 is a heatmap showing the changes in expression
levels of serum miRNAs that are significantly altered in samples
from mice exposed to 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation
as compared to non-irradiated controls (0 Gy). Hierarchical
clustering was performed to depict the relationship between the
samples.
[0101] FIG. 42 is a heatmap showing the changes in expression
levels of serum miRNAs that are significantly altered in samples
from mice exposed to 2 Gy-total body irradiation as compared to
non-irradiated controls (0 Gy). Hierarchical clustering was
performed to depict the relationship between the samples.
Normalization of profiling data was performed by computing the
global mean of 170 miRNAs expressed in all samples.
[0102] FIG. 43 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-706, and miR-342-3p in
serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours after exposure to 0 Gy-
or 2 Gy-whole body irradiation. The data are representative of
three experiments. Error bars represent .+-.the standard error of
the mean. Asterisks represent statistically significant
comparisons. Statistical significance was assessed using two-tailed
Student's t test. P<0.05, *; p<0.01, **; p<0.001, ***;
p<0.0001, ****; not significant, n.s.
[0103] FIG. 44 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-130a-3p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 0 Gy- or 2 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. Asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.05, *.
[0104] FIG. 45 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-142-5p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 0 Gy- or 2 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. Asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.05, *.
[0105] FIG. 46 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-150-5p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 0 Gy- or 2 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. Asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.05, *.
[0106] FIG. 47 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-706 in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 0 Gy- or 2 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean.
[0107] FIG. 48 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-342-3p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 0 Gy- or 2 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. The asterisk represents a
statistically significant comparison. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.05, *.
[0108] FIG. 49 is a heatmap showing the changes in expression
levels of miRNAs that are significantly altered in serum samples
from mice exposed to 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation as compared to
mice exposed to 2 Gy-total body irradiation. Hierarchical
clustering was performed to depict the relationship between the
samples. Normalization of profiling data was performed by computing
the global mean of 170 miRNAs expressed in all serum samples.
[0109] FIG. 50 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-34b-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, and miR-136-5p in
serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours after exposure to 2 Gy-
or 6.5 Gy-whole body irradiation. The data are representative of
three experiments. Error bars represent .+-.the standard error of
the mean. Asterisks represent statistically significant
comparisons. Statistical significance was assessed using two-tailed
Student's t test. P<0.001, ***; p<0.0001, ****; not
significant, n.s.
[0110] FIG. 51 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-17-3p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 2 Gy- or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.01, **;
p<0.05, *.
[0111] FIG. 52 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-126-3p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 2 Gy- or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.01, **.
[0112] FIG. 53 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-322-3p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 2 Gy- or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean.
[0113] FIG. 54 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-34b-3p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 2 Gy- or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.001, ***;
p<0.05, *.
[0114] FIG. 55 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-136-5p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours or 7 days
after exposure to 2 Gy- or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation. The data
are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean.
[0115] FIG. 56 is a heatmap showing the changes in the expression
levels of miRNAs that are significantly altered in serum samples
from mice exposed to 8.0 Gy-total body irradiation as compared to
mice exposed to 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation. Hierarchical
clustering was performed to depict the relationship between the
samples. Normalization of profiling data was performed by computing
the global mean of 170 miRNAs expressed in all serum samples.
[0116] FIG. 57 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p in serum samples harvested
from mice 24 hours after exposure to 6.5 Gy- or 8 Gy-whole body
irradiation. The data are representative of three experiments.
Error bars represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. Asterisks
represent statistically significant comparisons. Statistical
significance was assessed using two-tailed Student's t test.
P<0.01, **; p<0.001, ****.
[0117] FIG. 58 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-30a-3p and miR-30c-5p in serum samples harvested from mice 24
hours after exposure to 6.5 Gy- or 8 Gy-whole body irradiation. The
data are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. The asterisk represents a
statistically significant comparison. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.01, **.
[0118] FIG. 59 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-187-3p in samples harvested from mice 24 hours, 3 days, or 7
days after exposure to 6.5 Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
data are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. The asterisk represents a
statistically significant comparison. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.001, ***.
[0119] FIG. 60 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-194-5p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours, 3 days,
or 7 days after exposure to 6.5 Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The data are representative of three experiments. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. Asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.05, *;
p<0.001, ***.
[0120] FIG. 61 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-30c-5p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours, 3 days,
or 7 days after exposure to 6.5 Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The data are representative of three experiments. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. Asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.05, *;
P<0.001, ***.
[0121] FIG. 62 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-27a-3p in samples harvested from mice 24 hours, 3 days, or 7
days after exposure to 6.5 Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
data are representative of three experiments. Error bars represent
.+-.the standard error of the mean. Asterisks represent
statistically significant comparisons. Statistical significance was
assessed using two-tailed Student's t test. P<0.05, *;
p<0.01, **.
[0122] FIG. 63 is a graph showing the relative levels of mouse
miR-30a-3p in serum samples harvested from mice 24 hours, 3 days,
or 7 days after exposure to 6.5 Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation.
The data are representative of three experiments. Error bars
represent .+-.the standard error of the mean. The asterisk
represents a statistically significant comparison. Statistical
significance was assessed using two-tailed Student's t test.
P<0.05, *.
[0123] FIG. 64 is a schematic of an experiment where mice are
intraperitoneally administered saline or amifostine (250 mg/kg) 24
hours prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8 Gy-total body irradiation,
serum collected from the mice 24 hours later, and the expression
levels of serum miRNAs determined.
[0124] FIG. 65 is a Kaplan-Meier survival curve of mice treated
with saline 24 hours prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8 Gy-total body
irradiation, or mice treated with amifostine (250 mg/kg) 24 hours
prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8 Gy-total body irradiation. The
asterisk represents a statistically significant comparison.
P>0.05, *.
[0125] FIG. 66 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-187-3p in
serum from mice treated with saline 24 hours prior to exposure to 0
Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation, or in serum from mice treated
with amifostine (250 mg/kg) 24 hours prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to
8 Gy-total body irradiation. Serum was collected 48 hours after
administration of saline or amifostine to the mice. The data shown
are the mean.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical
significance was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's
test. The asterisk identifies a statistically significant
comparison. P<0.05, *.
[0126] FIG. 67 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-194-5p in
serum from mice treated with saline 24 hours prior to exposure to 0
Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation, or mice treated with amifostine
(250 mg/kg) 24 hours prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8 Gy-total body
irradiation. Serum was collected 48 hours after administration of
saline or amifostine to the mice. The data shown are the
mean.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance
was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. The
asterisk identifies a statistically significant comparison.
P<0.001, ***.
[0127] FIG. 68 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-27a-3p in
serum from mice treated with saline 24 hours prior to exposure to 0
Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation, or mice treated with amifostine
(250 mg/kg) 24 hours prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8 Gy-total body
irradiation. Serum was collected 48 hours after administration of
saline or amifostine to the mice. The data shown are the
mean.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance
was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. The
asterisk identifies a statistically significant comparison.
P<0.05, *.
[0128] FIG. 69 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-30a-3p in
serum from mice treated with saline 24 hours prior to exposure to 0
Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation, or mice treated with amifostine
(250 mg/kg) 24 hours prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8 Gy-total body
irradiation. Serum was collected 48 hours after administration of
saline or amifostine to the mice. The data shown are the
mean.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance
was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. The
asterisk identifies a statistically significant comparison.
P<0.0001, ****.
[0129] FIG. 70 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-30c-5p in
serum from mice treated with saline 24 hours prior to exposure to 0
Gy- or 8 Gy-total body irradiation, or mice treated with amifostine
(250 mg/kg) 24 hours prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8 Gy-total body
irradiation. Serum was collected 48 hours after administration of
saline or amifostine to the mice. The data shown are the
mean.+-.the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance
was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. The
asterisk identifies a statistically significant comparison.
P<0.05, *.
[0130] FIG. 71 is a graph showing the comparison of the relative
expression ratios of miRNAs in serum samples from mice exposed to
6.5 Gy- or 8.0 Gy-from two separate experiments (the data in FIGS.
56-53 and FIGS. 59-65).
[0131] FIG. 72 is a Kaplan-Meier survival curve of mice treated
with saline 45 minutes prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8.5 Gy-total
body irradiation, or mice treated with amifostine (200 mg/kg) 45
minutes prior to exposure to 0 Gy- to 8.5 Gy-total body
irradiation. Ten mice were included in each group. The asterisk
represents a statistically significant comparison. P<0.0001,
****.
[0132] FIG. 73 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-187-3p in
serum from mice exposed to 0 Gy- or 8.5 Gy-total body irradiation
45 minutes after administration of saline or 200 mg/kg amifostine.
The mean.+-.the standard error of the mean are shown. The asterisk
represents a statistically significant comparison. P<0.01, **.
Statistical significance was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by
Dunnett's test.
[0133] FIG. 74 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-194-5p in
serum from mice exposed to 0 Gy- or 8.5 Gy-total body irradiation
45 minutes after administration of saline or 200 mg/kg amifostine.
The mean.+-.the standard error of the mean are shown. The asterisk
represents a statistically significant comparison. P<0.01, **.
Statistical significance was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by
Dunnett's test.
[0134] FIG. 75 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-27a-3p in
serum from mice exposed to 0 Gy- or 8.5 Gy-total body irradiation
45 minutes after administration of saline or 200 mg/kg amifostine.
The mean.+-.the standard error of the mean are shown. The asterisk
represents a statistically significant comparison. P<0.01, **.
Statistical significance was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by
Dunnett's test.
[0135] FIG. 76 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-30a-3p in
serum from mice exposed to 0 Gy- or 8.5 Gy-total body irradiation
45 minutes after administration of saline or 200 mg/kg amifostine.
The mean.+-.the standard error of the mean are shown. The asterisk
represents a statistically significant comparison. P<0.001, ***.
Statistical significance was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by
Dunnett's test.
[0136] FIG. 77 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-30c-5p in
serum from mice exposed to 0 Gy- or 8.5 Gy-total body irradiation
45 minutes after administration of saline or 200 mg/kg amifostine.
The mean.+-.the standard error of the mean are shown. The asterisk
represents a statistically significant comparison. P<0.01, **.
Statistical significance was measured by one-way ANOVA followed by
Dunnett's test.
[0137] FIG. 78 is a Kaplan-Meier survival curve of mice exposed to
0 Gy-total body irradiation and untreated, or mice exposed to 10.4
Gy-total body irradiation and left untreated or treated with two
doses with 2 million bone marrow stromal cells per mouse (24 hours
and 72 hours after total body irradiation). Survival was monitored
for up to 30 days. The asterisk represents a statistically
significant comparison. P<0.01, **.
[0138] FIG. 79 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-150-5p in
mice exposed to 0 Gy-total body irradiation and untreated, or mice
exposed to 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation and left untreated or
treated with two doses of 2 million bone marrow stromal cells per
mouse (24 hours and 72 hours after total body irradiation). Serum
samples were obtained 48 hours after the second administration of
bone marrow stromal cells. The mean.+-.the standard error of the
mean are shown. Statistical significance assessed using one-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Asterisks
identify statistically significant comparisons. P<0.05, *;
p<0.01, **; not significant, n.s.
[0139] FIG. 80 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-27a-3p in
mice exposed to 0 Gy-total body irradiation and untreated, or mice
exposed to 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation and left untreated or
treated with two doses of 2 million bone marrow stromal cells per
mouse (24 hours and 72 hours after total body irradiation). Serum
samples were obtained 48 hours after the second administration of
bone marrow stromal cells. The mean.+-.the standard error of the
mean are shown. Statistical significance assessed using one-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Asterisks
identify statistically significant comparisons. P<0.05, *;
p<0.001, ***; not significant, n.s.
[0140] FIG. 81 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-30a-3p in
mice exposed to 0 Gy-total body irradiation and untreated, or mice
exposed to 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation and left untreated or
treated with two doses of 2 million bone marrow stromal cells per
mouse (24 hours and 72 hours after total body irradiation). Serum
samples were obtained 48 hours after the second administration of
bone marrow stromal cells. The mean.+-.the standard error of the
mean are shown. Statistical significance assessed using one-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Asterisks
identify statistically significant comparisons. P<0.05, *;
p<0.001, ***; not significant, n.s.
[0141] FIG. 82 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-30c-5p in
mice exposed to 0 Gy-total body irradiation and untreated, or mice
exposed to 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation and left untreated or
treated with two doses of 2 million bone marrow stromal cells per
mouse (24 hours and 72 hours after total body irradiation). Serum
samples were obtained 48 hours after the second administration of
bone marrow stromal cells. The mean.+-.the standard error of the
mean are shown. Statistical significance assessed using one-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Asterisks
identify statistically significant comparisons. P<0.01, **; not
significant, n.s.
[0142] FIG. 83 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-187-3p in
mice exposed to 0 Gy-total body irradiation and untreated, or mice
exposed to 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation and left untreated or
treated with two doses of 2 million bone marrow stromal cells per
mouse (24 hours and 72 hours after total body irradiation). Serum
samples were obtained 48 hours after the second administration of
bone marrow stromal cells. The mean.+-.the standard error of the
mean are shown. Statistical significance assessed using one-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Asterisks
identify statistically significant comparisons. P<0.01, **;
p<0.001, ***; not significant, n.s.
[0143] FIG. 84 is a graph showing the levels of mouse miR-194-3p in
mice exposed to 0 Gy-total body irradiation and untreated, or mice
exposed to 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation and left untreated or
treated with two doses of 2 million bone marrow stromal cells per
mouse (24 hours and 72 hours after total body irradiation). Serum
samples were obtained 48 hours after the second administration of
bone marrow stromal cells. The mean.+-.the standard error of the
mean are shown. Statistical significance assessed using one-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Asterisks
identify statistically significant comparisons. P<0.05, *; not
significant, n.s.
[0144] FIG. 85 is a graph showing the number of BM-MNCs (in
millions) per hind limb in untreated control humanized mice and in
humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine prior to
irradiation with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation.
[0145] FIG. 86 is a graph showing the number of CD45 positive cells
(in hundred thousands) per hind limb in untreated control humanized
mice and in humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine prior
to irradiation with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation.
[0146] FIG. 87 is a graph showing the number of CFU-Cs per hind
limb in untreated control humanized mice and in humanized mice
treated with saline or amifostine prior to irradiation with 4.0 Gy
or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation.
[0147] FIG. 88 is a graph showing the relative level of miR-150-5p
in serum of humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine,
irradiated with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation, and
allowed to recover for 24 hours, as compared to the level of
miR-150-5p in the serum of untreated control humanized mice.
[0148] FIG. 89 is a graph showing the relative level of miR-187-3p
in serum of humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine,
irradiated with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation, and
allowed to recover for 24 hours, as compared to the level of
miR-187-3p in the serum of untreated control humanized mice.
[0149] FIG. 90 is a graph showing the relative level of miR-27a-3p
in serum of humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine,
irradiated with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation, and
allowed to recover for 24 hours, as compared to the level of
miR-27a-3p in the serum of untreated control humanized mice.
[0150] FIG. 91 is a graph showing the relative level of miR-30a-3p
in serum of humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine,
irradiated with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation, and
allowed to recover for 24 hours, as compared to the level of
miR-30a-3p in the serum of untreated control humanized mice.
[0151] FIG. 92 is a graph showing the relative level of miR-30c-5p
in serum of humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine,
irradiated with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation, and
allowed to recover for 24 hours, as compared to the level of
miR-30c-5p in the serum of untreated control humanized mice.
[0152] FIG. 93 is a graph showing the relative level of miR-194-5p
in serum of humanized mice treated with saline or amifostine,
irradiated with 4.0 Gy or 4.5 Gy of total body irradiation, and
allowed to recover for 24 hours, as compared to the level of
miR-194-5p in the serum of untreated control humanized mice.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0153] Subjects exposed to tissue damaging levels of radiation
often do not experience some symptoms of radiation disease until
one to three weeks, and it is difficult for medical professionals
to quickly estimate a subject's level of exposure to radiation.
Often, a subject's level of exposure to radiation is determined
once the subject's begins to show signs and symptoms of radiation
disease (e.g., as a result of damage to hematopoietic system or
gastrointestinal system). In order to increase the efficacy of a
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage, the treatment must
be administered shortly after the subject has been exposed to a
significant level of radiation.
[0154] Provided herein are methods of determining a subject's level
of exposure to radiation, methods of determining whether a subject
has been exposed to a radiation dose of 2 Gy or more, methods of
determining a subject's risk of poor prognosis from radiation
exposure, methods of determining a subject's risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease, methods of selecting a treatment
for reducing radiation-induced damage for a subject, methods of
selecting a subject for treatment of radiation disease, methods of
triaging a plurality of subjects exposed or suspected of being
exposed to radiation, and methods of determining the efficacy of a
treatment (e.g., a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage)
administered to a subject exposed to a significant dose of
radiation that are based on the discovery that changes in the serum
levels of specific miRNAs (e.g., changes in the serum levels of one
or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or
more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten
or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fifteen
or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) of, e.g., mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p)
occur in subjects that have been exposed to total body irradiation,
and that the changes in the levels of these specific miRNAs are
radiation dose-dependent and also correlate with a subject's future
risk of developing radiation disease, a subject's future risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure, and the effectiveness of a
treatment (e.g., a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage)
in a subject exposed to radiation (e.g., a subject exposed to a
significant level of radiation). Also provided are kits that can be
used, e.g., to perform any of the methods described herein.
[0155] The methods and kits provided herein allow for a physician
to quickly (e.g., between 30 minutes and 48 hours, between 30
minutes and 36 hours, between 30 minutes and 24 hours, between 30
minutes and 20 hours, between 30 minutes and 15 hours, between 30
minutes and 12 hours, between 30 minutes and 10 hours, between 30
minutes and 8 hours, between 30 minutes and 6 hours, between 30
minutes and 4 hours, between 30 minutes and 3 hours, or between 30
minutes and 2 hours) and accurately determine a subject's exposure
to radiation. The methods and kits provided herein also allow for a
physician to quickly (e.g., between 30 minutes and 48 hours,
between 30 minutes and 36 hours, between 30 minutes and 24 hours,
between 30 minutes and 20 hours, between 30 minutes and 15 hours,
between 30 minutes and 12 hours, between 30 minutes and 10 hours,
between 30 minutes and 8 hours, between 30 minutes and 6 hours,
between 30 minutes and 4 hours, between 30 minutes and 3 hours, or
between 30 minutes and 2 hours) triage subjects exposed or
suspected of being exposed to radiation, and to quickly (e.g.,
between 30 minutes and 48 hours, between 30 minutes and 36 hours,
between 30 minutes and 24 hours, between 30 minutes and 20 hours,
between 30 minutes and 15 hours, between 30 minutes and 12 hours,
between 30 minutes and 10 hours, between 30 minutes and 8 hours,
between 30 minutes and 6 hours, between 30 minutes and 4 hours,
between 30 minutes and 3 hours, or between 30 minutes and 2 hours)
select an appropriate treatment for a subject (e.g., a subject
suspected of or known to have been exposed to radiation).
[0156] Exemplary aspects of the methods and kits provided herein
are described below. As one of skill in the art would appreciate,
the various aspects of the methods and kits described below can be
used in any combination.
Radiation Disease
[0157] Radiation disease is a disease caused by exposure to a
significant dose of radiation. As used herein, "radiation" refers
to the following types of radiation: x-radiation, gamma-radiation,
alpha particle radiation, beta particle radiation, and neutron
radiation (e.g., a dose of radiation of 1 Gy or more, a dose of
radiation of 1.5 Gy or more, a dose of radiation of 2 Gy or more, a
dose of radiation of 2.5 Gy or more, or a dose of radiation of 3 Gy
or more). The severity of radiation disease in a subject depends on
the level of radiation the subject was exposed to. Radiation
disease often is typified by damage to the subject's hematopoietic
system (Mauch et al., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.
31:1319-1339, 1995), but subjects with radiation disease can also
have damage to their gastrointestinal tract and cerebrovascular
system (Waselenko et al., Ann. Intern. Med. 140:1037-1051, 2004).
Damage to the subject's hematopoietic system can result, e.g., in a
rapid decrease in the levels of lymphocytes (T-cells and/or
B-cells), bone marrow stromal cells, neutrophils, platelets,
BM-MSCs, CFU-Cs, HPCs, and HSCs, and a decrease in total white
blood cell count (WBC) and complete blood count (CBC). The decrease
in the levels of these cells and cell counts can result in an
increased risk of infection in the subject. Exposure to high doses
of radiation can result in a severe, non-recoverable bone marrow
damage, which results in pancytopenia (due to the complete loss of
hematopoietic stem cells in the subject) and death. A 2 Gy- to 6
Gy-dose of radiation results in damage to the hematopoietic system
of a subject, the symptoms of which appear in a few weeks to 2
months after the subject's exposure to radiation. At higher doses
of radiation of about 8 Gy to about 12 Gy, lethal gastrointestinal
and bone marrow toxicity is observed and death is probable in one
to three weeks (Waselenko et al., Ann. Intern. Med. 140:1037-1051,
2004; Coleman et al., Science 304:693-694, 2004).
[0158] Non-limiting examples of symptoms of radiation disease can
include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, headache,
fever, fatigue and weakness, purpura, hemorrhage, increased risk of
infections, hair loss, cognitive impairment, electrolyte
disturbance, shock, seizures, tremor, ataxia, decreased levels of
platelets, decreased levels of neutrophils, decreased levels of
B-cells, decreased levels of T-cells, decreased levels of bone
marrow stromal cells, decreased levels of CFU-Cs, decreased levels
of CBCs, decreased levels of WBCs, decreased levels of BM-MNCs,
decreased levels of HPCs (e.g., LKS.sup.- cells), decreased levels
of HSCs (e.g., LKS.sup.+ cells), decreased levels of hemoglobin,
and lung fibrosis. Methods for detecting the levels of platelets,
neutrophils, B-cells, T-cells, CFU-Cs, BM-MNCs, HPCs, HSCs, and
hemoglobin, and CBCs and WBCs are well known in the art. Exemplary
methods for determining the levels of B-cells, T-cells, CFU-Cs,
BM-MNCs, HPCs, and HSCs, and determining CMCs are also described
herein.
[0159] A subject having radiation sickness can have, e.g., present
with, one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,
nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or fifteen) of any
of the symptoms of radiation disease described herein (in any
combination), e.g., at substantially the same time, or at different
times following exposure to a significant dose of radiation.
[0160] Once diagnosed, a subject having radiation disease is
typically first decontaminated before treatment by a physician. The
decontamination can include the removal of articles of clothing
that contain a radioactive isotope. The decontamination can also
include removing radioactive isotopes from a subject's skin and
endothelium.
[0161] After decontamination, a subject can be administered a
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage (e.g., one or more
of any of the exemplary treatments for reducing radiation-induced
damage described herein).
Subjects
[0162] A subject as described herein can be a male or a female. The
subject can be a juvenile (e.g., an infant or toddler) or an adult.
Where the subjects is a juvenile, he or she may be between 1 day
and 18 years old, inclusive (e.g., between 1 day and 17 years old,
between 1 day and 16 years old, between 1 day and 15 years old,
between 1 day and 14 years old, between 1 day and 13 years old,
between 1 day and 12 years old, between 1 day and 11 years old,
between 1 day and 10 years old, between 1 day and 9 years old,
between 1 day and 8 years old, between 1 day and 7 years old,
between 1 day and 6 years old, between 1 day and 5 years old,
between 1 day and 4 years old, between 1 day and 3 years old,
between 1 day and 2 years old, between 1 day and 1 year old,
between 1 day and 6 months old, between 6 months and 4 years old,
between 1 month and 5 years old, between 3 years and 13 years old,
or between 13 years and 18 years old). When the subject is an
adult, the subject may be, e.g., between 18 to 20 years old,
inclusive, or at least or about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60,
65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or at least or about 100 years old.
[0163] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the subject has been exposed or is suspected of having been exposed
to a significant dose of radiation. In some embodiments of any of
the methods described herein, the subject has been identified as
being exposed to radiation (e.g., a significant dose of radiation)
or as being likely to have been exposed to radiation (e.g., a
significant dose of radiation). In some embodiments, the subject
has a disease (e.g., cancer) and has been irradiated with a
significant dose of radiation in order to treat the disease (e.g.,
a tumor) in the subject. In some embodiments of any of the methods
described herein, the subject is or was previously at a location
having or suspected of having a significant level of radiation
(e.g., the site of a nuclear attack or a site proximal to the site
of a nuclear attack, the site of radiation release from a nuclear
weapon or site proximal to the site of radiation release from a
nuclear weapon, a nuclear energy facility or a site proximal to a
nuclear energy facility, a nuclear waste facility or proximal to a
nuclear waste facility, or a nuclear medicine facility or a site
proximal to a nuclear medicine facility). In some examples of any
of the methods described herein, the subject has already been
diagnosed as having radiation disease or having been exposed to a
significant level of radiation (e.g., using any of the methods
provided herein).
[0164] In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein,
the sample including a biological fluid is obtained from the
subject within 5 minutes to one week (e.g., within 5 minutes to six
days, within 5 minutes to five days, within 5 minutes to 96 hours,
within 5 minutes to three days, within 5 minutes to two days,
within 5 minutes to one day, within 5 minutes to 20 hours, within 5
minutes to 16 hours, within 5 minutes to 12 hours, within 5 minutes
to 10 hours, within 5 minutes to 8 hours, within 5 minutes to 6
hours, within 5 minutes to 4 hours, within 5 minutes to 3 hours,
within 5 minutes to 2 hours, within 10 minutes to one week, within
10 minutes to six days, within 10 minutes to five days, within 10
minutes to 96 hours, within 10 minutes to three days, within 10
minutes to two days, within 10 minutes to one day, within 10
minutes to 20 hours, within 10 minutes to 16 hours, within 10
minutes to 12 hours, within 10 minutes to 10 hours, within 10
minutes to 8 hours, within 10 minutes to 6 hours, within 10 minutes
to 4 hours, within 10 minutes to 3 hours, within 10 minutes to 2
hours, within 20 minutes to one week, within 20 minutes to six
days, within 20 minutes to five days, within 20 minutes to 96
hours, within 20 minutes to three days, within 20 minutes to two
days, within 20 minutes to one day, within 20 minutes to 20 hours,
within 20 minutes to 16 hours, within 20 minutes to 12 hours,
within 20 minutes to 10 hours, within 20 minutes to 8 hours, within
20 minutes to 6 hours, within 20 minutes to 4 hours, within 20
minutes to 3 hours, within 20 minutes to 2 hours, within 30 minutes
to one week, within 30 minutes to six days, within 30 minutes to
five days, within 30 minutes to 96 hours, within 30 minutes to
three days, within 30 minutes to two days, within 30 minutes to one
day, within 30 minutes to 20 hours, within 30 minutes to 16 hours,
within 30 minutes to 12 hours, within 30 minutes to 10 hours,
within 30 minutes to 8 hours, within 30 minutes to 6 hours, within
30 minutes to 4 hours, within 30 minutes to 3 hours, within 30
minutes to 2 hours, within 1 hour to one week, within 1 hour to six
days, within 1 hour to five days, within 1 hour to 96 hours, within
1 hour to three days, within 1 hour to two days, within 1 hour to
one day, within 1 hour to 20 hours, within 1 hour to 16 hours,
within 1 hour to 12 hours, within 1 hour to 10 hours, within 1 hour
to 8 hours, within 1 hour to 6 hours, within 1 hour to 4 hours,
within 1 hour to 3 hours, or within 1 hour to 2 hours). In some
embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the sample
includes a biological fluid selected from the group of blood,
plasma, serum, saliva, or urine. Some embodiments of any of the
methods described herein further include obtaining a sample
including a biological fluid (e.g., serum) from a subject.
MiRNAs and Methods of Determining Levels of miRNAs
[0165] The methods described herein include determining a level(s)
of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p and human
homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p,
miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample(s) including a
biological fluid from a subject.
[0166] The sequences of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p are well known
in the art. Exemplary sequences for mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p are
listed below.
TABLE-US-00001 Mouse miR-130a-3p (mmu-miR-130a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 19)
CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU Mouse miR-150-5p (mmu-miR-150-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 20) UCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUG Mouse miR-17-3p (mmu-miR-17-3p) (SEQ
ID NO: 21) ACUGCAGUGAGGGCACUUGUAG Mouse miR-187-3p (mmu-miR-187-3p)
(SEQ ID NO: 22) UCGUGUCUUGUGUUGCAGCCGG Mouse miR-194-5p
(mmu-miR-194-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 23) UGUAACAGCAACUCCAUGUGGA Mouse
miR-27a-3p (mmu-miR-27a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 24) UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCCGC
Mouse miR-30a-3p (mmu-miR-30a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 25)
CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC Mouse miR-30c-5p (mmu-miR-30c-5p) (SEQ ID
NO: 26) UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC Mouse miR-142-5p (mmu-miR-142-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 27) CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU Mouse miR-342-3p
(mmu-miR-342-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 28) UCUCACACAGAAAUCGCACCCGU Mouse
miR-34b-3p (mmu-miR-34b-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 29) AAUCACUAACUCCACUGCCAUC
Mouse miR-126-3p (mmu-miR-126-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 30)
UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG Mouse miR-320-3p (mmu-miR-320-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 31) AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCGA Mouse miR-136-5p (mmu-miR-136-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 32) ACUCCAUUUGUUUUGAUGAUGG Mouse miR-33-5p
(mmu-miR-33-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 33) GUGCAUUGUAGUUGCAUUGCA Mouse
miR-142a-3p (mmu-miR-142a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 34)
UGUAGUGUUUCCUACUUUAUGGA Mouse miR-706 (mmu-miR-706) (SEQ ID NO: 35)
AGAGAAACCCUGUCUCAAAAAA Mouse miR-375-3p (mmu-miR-375-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 36) UUUGUUCGUUCGGCUCGCGUGA Mouse miR-29a-5p (mmu-miR-29a-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 37) ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG Mouse miR-193a-3p
(mmu-miR-193a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 38) AACUGGCCUACAAAGUCCCAGU Mouse
miR-99b-5p (mmu-miR-99b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 39) CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG
Mouse miR-151-3p (mmu-miR-151-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 40)
CUAGACUGAGGCUCCUUGAGG Mouse miR-let-7d-3p (mmu-miR-let-7d-3p) (SEQ
ID NO: 41) CUAUACGACCUGCUGCCUUUCU Mouse miR-486-5p (mmu-miR-486-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 42) UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG Mouse miR-423-5p
(mmu-miR-423-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 43) UGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACUUU Mouse
miR-30b-5p (mmu-miR-30b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 44) UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU
Mouse miR-191-5p (mmu-miR-191-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 45)
CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG Mouse miR-497a-5p (mmu-miR-497a-5p) (SEQ ID
NO: 46) CAGCAGCACACUGUGGUUUGUA Mouse miR-32-5p (mmu-miR-32-5p) (SEQ
ID NO: 47) UAUUGCACAUUACUAAGUUGCA Mouse miR-214-5p (mmu-miR-214-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 48) UGCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC Mouse miR-326-3p
(mmu-miR-326-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 49) CCUCUGGGCCCUUCCUCCAGU Mouse
miR-1195 (mmu-miR-1195) (SEQ ID NO: 50) UGAGUUCGAGGCCAGCCUGCUCA
Mouse miR-122-5p (mmu-miR-122-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 51)
UGGAGUGUGACAAUGGUGUUUG Mouse miR-1839-3p (mmu-miR-1839-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 52) AGACCUACUUAUCUACCAACAGC Mouse miR-500-3p (mmu-miR-500-3p)
(SEQ ID NO: 53) AAUGCACCUGGGCAAGGGUUCA Mouse miR-30e-3p
(mmu-miR-30e-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 54) CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUACAGC Mouse
miR-322-3p (mmu-miR-322-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 55) AAACAUGAAGCGCUGCAACAC
Mouse miR-709 (mmu-miR-709) (SEQ ID NO: 56) GGAGGCAGAGGCAGGAGGA
Mouse miR-486a-3p (mmu-miR-486a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 57)
CGGGGCAGCUCAGUACAGGAU Mouse miR-133a-3p (mmu-miR-133a-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 58) UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUG Mouse miR-676-3p (mmu-miR-676-3p)
(SEQ ID NO: 59) CCGUCCUGAGGUUGUUGAGCU Mouse miR-744-5p
(mmu-miR-744-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 60) UGCGGGGCUAGGGCUAACAGCA Mouse
miR-29a-3p (mmu-miR-29a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 61) UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA
Mouse miR-1839-5p (mmu-miR-1839-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 62)
AAGGUAGAUAGAACAGGUCUUG Mouse miR-30a-5p (mmu-miR-30a-5p) (SEQ ID
NO: 63) UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG Mouse miR-199b-5p (mmu-miR-199b-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 64) CCCAGUGUUUAGACUACCUGUUC Mouse miR-125a-5p
(mmu-miR-125a-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 65) UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA Mouse
miR-133b-3p (mmu-miR-133b-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 66)
UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA Mouse miR-24-3p (mmu-miR-24-3p) (SEQ ID NO:
67) UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG Mouse miR-21a-5p (mmu-miR-21a-5p) (SEQ
ID NO: 68) UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA Mouse miR-503-5p (mmu-miR-503-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 69) UAGCAGCGGGAACAGUACUGCAG Mouse miR-328-3p
(mmu-miR-328-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 70) CUGGCCCUCUCUGCCCUUCCGU Mouse
miR-let-7g-5p (mmu-miR-let-7g-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 71)
UGAGGUAGUAGUUUGUACAGUU Mouse miR-362-3p (mmu-miR-362-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 72) AACACACCUGUUCAAGGAUUCA Mouse miR-199a-5p (mmu-miR-199a-5p)
(SEQ ID NO: 73) CCCAGUGUUCAGACUACCUGUUC Mouse miR-15a-3p
(mmu-miR-15a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 74) CAGGCCAUACUGUGCUGCCUCA Mouse
miR-139-5p (mmu-miR-139-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 75) UCUACAGUGCACGUGUCUCCAG
Mouse miR-149-5p (mmu-miR-149-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 76)
UCUGGCUCCGUGUCUUCACUCCC Mouse miR-29b-3p (mmu-miR-29b-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 77) UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU Mouse miR-1a-3p (mmu-miR-1a-3p)
(SEQ ID NO: 78 UGGAAUGUAAAGAAGUAUGUAU Mouse miR-23b-3p
(mmu-miR-23b-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 79) AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACC Mouse
miR-215-5p (mmu-miR-215-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 80) AUGACCUAUGAUUUGACAGAC
Mouse miR-204-5p (mmu-miR-204-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 81)
UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU Mouse miR-200b-5p (mmu-miR-200b-5p) (SEQ ID
NO: 82) CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA Mouse miR-25-3p (mmu-miR-25-3p) (SEQ
ID NO: 83) CAUUGCACUUGUCUCGGUCUGA Mouse miR-338-3p (mmu-miR-338-3p)
(SEQ ID NO: 84) UCCAGCAUCAGUGAUUUUGUUG Mouse miR-196b-5p
(mmu-miR-196b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 85) UAGGUAGUUUCCUGUUGUUGGG
[0167] A variety of websites are available which allow for the
identification of human homologues (or other mammalian homologues)
of a mouse miRNA based on sequence identity or a high degree of
sequence similarity between the mouse and human miRNA sequences
(e.g., the miRBase website). For example, exemplary human
homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p were identified
by performing a sequence alignment between each mouse miRNA and a
database of human miRNAs. An exemplary human homologue identified
for each of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p is listed
below, along with an alignment of the cDNA of the exemplary human
homologue with the cDNA of its corresponding mouse miRNA.
[0168] Given the high level of nucleotide sequence homology between
the miRNAs of two very taxonomically different mammals (e.g.,
humans and mice) (see below), it is understood that other mammals
(e.g., non-human primates (such as chimpanzees, monkeys, gorillas,
and baboons), bovine mammals, horses, dogs, cats, sheep, goats,
rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, hamsters, and gerbils) would have miRNA
homologues that are identical, or almost identical (e.g., greater
than 90%, about 95%, or greater than 95% identical) to the mouse
and human miRNAs whose nucleotide sequences are provided below.
TABLE-US-00002 Human miR-130a-3p (hsa-miR-130a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 86)
CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-130a-3p
(100 % Identical) 1 CAGTGCAATGTTAAAAGGGCAT 22 Mouse mmu-miR-130a-3p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 87) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
CAGTGCAATGTTAAAAGGGCAT 22 Human hsa-miR-130a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
88) Human miR-150-5p (hsa-miR-150-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 89)
UCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-150-5p (100
% Identical) 1 TCTCCCAACCCTTGTACCAGTG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-150-5p cDNA
(SEQ ID NO: 90) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TCTCCCAACCCTTGTACCAGTG 22
Human hsa-miR-150-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 91) Human miR-17-3p
(hsa-miR-17-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 92) ACUGCAGUGAAGGCACUUGUAG Alignment of
Mouse and Human miR-17-3p (95% Identical) 1 ACTGCAGTGAGGGCACTTGTAG
22 Mouse mmu-miR-17-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 93) |||||||||| |||||||||||
1 ACTGCAGTGAAGGCACTTGTAG 22 Human hsa-miR-17-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
94) Human miR-187-3p (hsa-miR-187-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 95)
UCGUGUCUUGUGUUGCAGCCGG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-187-3p
(100% identical) 1 TCGTGTCTTGTGTTGCAGCCGG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-187-3p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 96) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TCGTGTCTTGTGTTGCAGCCGG 22 Human hsa-miR-187-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 97)
Human miR-194-5p (hsa-miR-194-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 98)
UGUAACAGCAACUCCAUGUGGA Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-194-5p
(100%) 1 TGTAACAGCAACTCCATGTGGA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-194-5p cDNA (SEQ
ID NO: 99) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TGTAACAGCAACTCCATGTGGA 22 Human
hsa-miR-194-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 100) Human miR-27a-3p
(hsa-miR-27a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 101) UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCCGC Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-27a-3p (100% identical) 1
TTCACAGTGGCTAAGTTCCGC 21 Mouse mmu-miR-27a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 102)
|||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TTCACAGTGGCTAAGTTCCGC 21 Human
hsa-miR-27a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 103) Human miR-30a-3p
(hsa-miR-30a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 104) CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-30a-3p (100% identical) 1
CTTTCAGTCGGATGTTTGCAGC 22 Mouse mmu-miR-30a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
105) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CTTTCAGTCGGATGTTTGCAGC 22 Human
hsa-miR-30a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 106) Human miR-30c-5p
(hsa-miR-30c-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 107) UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-30c-5p (100% identical) 1
TGTAAACATCCTACACTCTCAGC 23 Mouse mmu-miR-30c-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
108) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TGTAAACATCCTACACTCTCAGC 23 Human
hsa-miR-30c-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 109) Human miR-142-5p
(hsa-miR-142-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 110) CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-142-5p (100% identical) 1
CATAAAGTAGAAAGCACTACT 21 Mouse mmu-miR-142-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 111)
||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CATAAAGTAGAAAGCACTACT 21 Human
hsa-miR-142-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 112) Human miR-342-3p
(hsa-miR-342-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 113) UCUCACACAGAAAUCGCACCCGU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-342-3p (100% identical) 1
TCTCACACAGAAATCGCACCCGT 23 Mouse mmu-miR-342-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
114) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TCTCACACAGAAATCGCACCCGT 23 Human
hsa-miR-342-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 115) Human miR-34b-3p
(hsa-miR-34b-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 116) CAAUCACUAACUCCACUGCCAU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-34b-3p (100% identical) 1
AATCACTAACTCCACTGCCAT 21 Mouse mmu-miR-34b-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 117)
||||||||||||||||||||| 2 AATCACTAACTCCACTGCCAT 22 Human
hsa-miR-34b-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 118) Human miR-126-3p
(hsa-miR-126-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 119) UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-126-3p (100% identical) 1
TCGTACCGTGAGTAATAATGCG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-126-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
120) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TCGTACCGTGAGTAATAATGCG 22 Human
hsa-miR-126-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 121) Human homologue of mouse
miR-320-3p (hsa-miR-320a) (SEQ ID NO: 122) AAAAGCUGGGUUGAGAGGGCGA
Alignment of Mouse miR-320-3p and Human miR-320a (100% identical) 1
AAAAGCTGGGTTGAGAGGGCGA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-320-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
123) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 AAAAGCTGGGTTGAGAGGGCGA 22 Human
hsa-miR-320a cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 124) Human miR-136-5p
(hsa-miR-136-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 125) ACUCCAUUUGUUUUGAUGAUGGA Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-136-5p (100% identical) 1
ACTCCATTTGTTTTGATGATGG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-136-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
126) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 ACTCCATTTGTTTTGATGATGG 22 Human
hsa-miR-136-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 127) Human homologue of mouse
miR-33-5p (hsa-miR-33a-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 128) GUGCAUUGUAGUUGCAUUGCA
Alignment of Mouse miR-33-5p and Human miR-33a-5p (100% identical)
1 GTGCATTGTAGTTGCATTGCA 21 Mouse mmu-miR-33-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
129) ||||||||||||||||||||| 1 GTGCATTGTAGTTGCATTGCA 21 Human
hsa-miR-33a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 130) Human homologue of mouse
miR-142a-3p (hsa-miR-142-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 131)
UGUAGUGUUUCCUACUUUAUGGA Alignment of Mouse miR-142a-3p and Human
miR-142a-3p (100% identical) 1 TGTAGTGTTTCCTACTTTATGGA 23 Mouse
mmu-miR-142a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 132) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TGTAGTGTTTCCTACTTTATGGA 23 Human hsa-miR-142-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
133) Human homologue of mouse miR-375-3p (hsa-miR-375) (SEQ ID NO:
134) UUUGUUCGUUCGGCUCGCGUGA Alignment of Mouse miR-375-3p and Human
miR-375 (100% identical) 1 TTTGTTCGTTCGGCTCGCGTGA 22 Mouse
mmu-miR-375-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 135) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TTTGTTCGTTCGGCTCGCGTGA 22 Human hsa-miR-375 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 136)
Human miR-29a-5p (hsa-miR-29a-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 137)
ACUGAUUUCUUUUGGUGUUCAG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-29a-5p
(100% identical) 1 ACTGATTTCTTTTGGTGTTCAG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-29a-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 138) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
ACTGATTTCTTTTGGTGTTCAG 22 Human hsa-miR-29a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
139) Human miR-193a-3p (hsa-miR-193a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 140)
AACUGGCCUACAAAGUCCCAGU Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-193a-3p
(100% identical) 1 AACTGGCCTACAAAGTCCCAGT 22 Mouse mmu-miR-193a-3p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 141) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
AACTGGCCTACAAAGTCCCAGT 22 Human hsa-miR-193a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
142) Human miR-99b-5p (hsa-miR-99b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 143)
CACCCGUAGAACCGACCUUGCG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-99b-5p
(100% identical) 1 CACCCGTAGAACCGACCTTGCG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-99b-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 144) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
CACCCGTAGAACCGACCTTGCG 22 Human hsa-miR-99b-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
145) Human homologue of mouse miR-151-3p (hsa-miR-151a-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 146) CUAGACUGAAGCUCCUUGAGG Alignment of Mouse miR-151-3p and
Human miR-151a-3p (95% identical) 1 CTAGACTGAGGCTCCTTGAGG 21 Mouse
mmu-miR-151-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 147) ||||||||| |||||||||||| 1
CTAGACTGAAGCTCCTTGAGG 21 Human hsa-miR-151a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
148) Human miR-let-7d-3p (hsa-miR-let-7d-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 149)
CUAUACGACCUGCUGCCUUUCU Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-let-7d-3p
(100% identical) 1 CTATACGACCTGCTGCCTTTCT 22 Mouse
mmu-miR-let-7d-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 150) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
CTATACGACCTGCTGCCTTTCT 22 Human hsa-miR-let-7d-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
151) Human miR-486-5p (hsa-miR-486-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 152)
UCCUGUACUGAGCUGCCCCGAG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-486-5p
(100% identical) 1 TCCTGTACTGAGCTGCCCCGAG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-486-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 153) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TCCTGTACTGAGCTGCCCCGAG 22 Human hsa-miR-486-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
154) Human miR-423-5p (hsa-miR-423-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 155)
UGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACUUU Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-423-5p
(100% identical) 1 TGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACTTT 23 Mouse mmu-miR-423-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 156) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TGAGGGGCAGAGAGCGAGACTTT 23 Human hsa-miR-423-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
157) Human miR-30b-5p (hsa-miR-30b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 158)
UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCAGCU Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-30b-5p
(100% identical) 1 TGTAAACATCCTACACTCAGCT 22 Mouse mmu-miR-30b-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 159) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TGTAAACATCCTACACTCAGCT 22 Human hsa-miR-30b-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
160) Human miR-191-5p (hsa-miR-191-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 161)
CAACGGAAUCCCAAAAGCAGCUG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-191-5p
(100% identical) 1 CAACGGAATCCCAAAAGCAGCTG 23 Mouse mmu-miR-191-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 162) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1
CAACGGAATCCCAAAAGCAGCTG 23 Human hsa-miR-191-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
163) Human homologue of mouse miR-497a-5p (hsa-miR-497) (SEQ ID NO:
164) CAGCAGCACACUGUGGUUUGU Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-497a-5p
(100% identical) 1 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGT 21 Mouse mmu-miR-497a-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 165) ||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CAGCAGCACACTGTGGTTTGT
21 Human hsa-miR-497 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 166) Human miR-32-5p
(hsa-miR-32-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 167) UAUUGCACAUUACUAAGUUGCA Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-32-5p (100% identical) 1
TATTGCACATTACTAAGTTGCA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-32-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
168)
|||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TATTGCACATTACTAAGTTGCA 22 Human
hsa-miR-32-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 169) Human miR-214-5p
(hsa-miR-214-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 170) UGCCUGUCUACACUUGCUGUGC Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-214-5p (100% identical) 1
TGCCTGTCTACACTTGCTGTGC 22 Mouse mmu-miR-214-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
171) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TGCCTGTCTACACTTGCTGTGC 22 Human
hsa-miR-214-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 172) Human miR-326-3p
(hsa-miR-326-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 173) CCUCUGGGCCCUUCCUCCAG Alignment of
Mouse and Human miR-326-3p (100% identical) 1 CCTCTGGGCCCTTCCTCCAG
20 Mouse mmu-miR-326-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 174) ||||||||||||||||||||
1 CCTCTGGGCCCTTCCTCCAG 20 Human hsa-miR-326-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
175) Human miR-122-5p (hsa-miR-122-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 176)
UGGAGUGUGACAAUGGUGUUUG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-122-5p
(100% identical) 1 TGGAGTGTGACAATGGTGTTTG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-122-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 177) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TGGAGTGTGACAATGGTGTTTG 22 Human hsa-miR-122-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
178) Human homologue of mouse miR-500-3p (hsa-miR-502-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 179) AAUGCACCUGGGCAAGGAUUCA Alignment of Mouse miR-500-3p and
Human miR-502-3p (95% identical) 1 AATGCACCTGGGCAAGGGTTCA 22 Mouse
mmu-miR-500-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 180) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
AATGCACCTGGGCAAGGATTCA 22 Human hsa-miR-502-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
181) Human miR-30e-3p (hsa-miR-30e-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 182)
CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUACAGC Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-30e-3p
(100% identical) 1 CTTTCAGTCGGATGTTTACAGC 22 Mouse mmu-miR-30e-3p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 183) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
CTTTCAGTCGGATGTTTACAGC 22 Human hsa-miR-30e-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
184) Human homologue of mouse miR-322-3p (hsa-miR-424-3p) (SEQ ID
NO: 185) AAACAUGAAGCGCUGCAACAC Alignment of Mouse and Human
miR-322-3p (88% identical) 1 AAACATGAAGCGCTGC 16 Mouse
mmu-miR-322-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 186) |||| ||| ||||||| 3
AAACGTGAGGCGCTGC 18 Human hsa-miR-424-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 187)
Human homologue of mouse miR-709 (hsa-miR-1910-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 188)
GAGGCAGAAGCAGGAUGACA Alignment of Mouse miR-709 and Human
miR-1910-3p (93% identical) 2 GAGGCAGAGGCAGGA 16 Mouse mmu-miR-709
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 189) |||||||| |||||| 1 GAGGCAGAAGCAGGA 15 Human
hsa-miR-1910-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 190) Human homolog of mouse
miR-486a-3p (hsa-miR-486-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 191) CGGGGCAGCUCAGUACAGGAU
Alignment of Mouse miR-486a-3p and Human miR-486-3p (100%
identical) 1 CGGGGCAGCTCAGTACAGGAT 21 Mouse mmu-miR-486a-3p cDNA
(SEQ ID NO: 192) ||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CGGGGCAGCTCAGTACAGGAT 21
Human hsa-miR-486-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 193) Human miR-133a-3p
(hsa-miR-133a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 194) UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUG Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-133a-3p (100% identical) 1
TTTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGCTG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-133a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
195) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TTTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGCTG 22 Human
hsa-miR-133a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 196) Human miR-676-3p
(hsa-miR-676-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 197) CUGUCCUAAGGUUGUUGAGUU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-676-3p (94% identical) 3 GTCCTGAGGTTGTTGAG
19 Mouse mmu-miR-676-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 198) ||||| ||||||||||| 3
GTCCTAAGGTTGTTGAG 19 Human hsa-miR-676-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 199)
Human miR-744-5p (hsa-miR-744-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 200)
UGCGGGGCUAGGGCUAACAGCA Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-744-5p
(100% identical) 1 TGCGGGGCTAGGGCTAACAGCA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-744-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 201) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TGCGGGGCTAGGGCTAACAGCA 22 Human hsa-miR-744-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
202) Human miR-29a-3p (hsa-miR-29a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 203)
UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-29a-3p
(100% identical) 1 TAGCACCATCTGAAATCGGTTA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-29a-3p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 204) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TAGCACCATCTGAAATCGGTTA 22 Human hsa-miR-29a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
205) Human miR-30a-5p (hsa-miR-30a-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 206)
UGUAAACAUCCUCGACUGGAAG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-30a-5p
(100% identical) 1 TGTAAACATCCTCGACTGGAAG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-30a-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 207) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TGTAAACATCCTCGACTGGAAG 22 Human hsa-miR-30a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
208) Human miR-199b-5p (hsa-miR-199b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 209)
CCCAGUGUUUAGACUAUCUGUUC Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-199b-5p
(100% identical) 1 CCCAGTGTTTAGACTACCTGTTC 23 Mouse mmu-miR-199b-5p
cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 210) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
CCCAGTGTTTAGACTATCTGTTC 23 Human hsa-miR-199b-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
211) Human miR-125a-5p (hsa-miR-125a-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 212)
UCCCUGAGACCCUUUAACCUGUGA Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-125a-5p
(100% identical) 1 TCCCTGAGACCCTTTAACCTGTGA 24 Human
hsa-miR-125a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 213) |||||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TCCCTGAGACCCTTTAACCTGTGA 24 Mouse mma-miR-125a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
214) Human homologue of mouse miR-133b-3p (hsa-miR-133b) (SEQ ID
NO: 215) UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUA Alignment of Mouse and Human
miR-133b-3p (100% identical) 1 TTTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGCTA 22 Mouse
mmu-miR-133b-g3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 216) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TTTGGTCCCCTTCAACCAGCTA 22 Human mmu-miR-133b cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 217)
Human miR-24-3p (hsa-miR-24-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 218)
UGGCUCAGUUCAGCAGGAACAG Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-24-3p (100%
identical) 1 TGGCTCAGTTCAGCAGGAACAG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-24-3p cDNA
(SEQ ID NO: 219) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TGGCTCAGTTCAGCAGGAACAG 22
Human hsa-miR-24-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 220) Human homologue of mouse
miR-21a-5p (hsa-miR-21-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 221) UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA
Alignment of Mouse miR-21a-5p and Human miR-21-5p (100% identical)
1 TAGCTTATCAGACTGATGTTGA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-21a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
222) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TAGCTTATCAGACTGATGTTGA 22 Human
hsa-miR-21-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 223) Human miR-503-5p
(hsa-miR-503-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 224) UAGCAGCGGGAACAGUUCUGCAG Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-503-5p (100% identical) 1
TAGCAGCGGGAACAGTACTGCAG 23 Mouse mmu-miR-503-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
225) |||||||||||||||| ||||| 1 TAGCAGCGGGAACAGTTCTGCAG 23 Human
hsa-miR-503-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 226) Human miR-328-3p
(hsa-miR-328-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 227) CUGGCCCUCUCUGCCCUUCCGU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-328-3p (100% identical) 1
CTGGCCCTCTCTGCCCTTCCGT 22 Mouse mmu-miR-328-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
228) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CTGGCCCTCTCTGCCCTTCCGT 22 Human
hsa-miR-328-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 229) Human miR-let-7g-5p
(hsa-miR-let-7g-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 230) UGAGGUAGUAGUUUGUACAGUU
Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-let-7g-5p (100% identical) 1
TGAGGTAGTAGTTTGTACAGTT 22 Mouse mmu-miR-let-7g-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
231) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TGAGGTAGTAGTTTGTACAGTT 22 Human
hsa-miR-let-7g-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 232) Human miR-362-3p
(hsa-miR-362-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 233) AACACACCUAUUCAAGGAUUCA Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-362-3p (95% identical) 1
AACACACCTGTTCAAGGATTCA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-362-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
234) ||||||||| |||||||||||| 1 AACACACCTATTCAAGGATTCA 22 Human
hsa-miR-362-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 235) Human miR-199a-5p
(hsa-miR-199a-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 236) CCCAGUGUUCAGACUACCUGUUC
Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-199a-5p (100% identical) 1
CCCAGTGTTCAGACTACCTGTTC 23 Mouse mmu-miR-199a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
237) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CCCAGTGTTCAGACTACCTGTTC 23 Human
hsa-miR-199a-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 238) Human miR-15a-3p
(hsa-miR-15a-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 239) CAGGCCAUAUUGUGCUGCCUCA Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-15a-3p (95% identical) 1
CAGGCCATACTGTGCTGCCTCA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-15a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
240) ||||||||| |||||||||||| 1 CAGGCCATATTGTGCTGCCTCA 22 Human
hsa-miR-15a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 241) Human miR-139-5p
(hsa-miR-139-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 242) UCUACAGUGCACGUGUCUCCAGU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-139-5p (100% identical 1
TCTACAGTGCACGTGTCTCCAG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-139-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 243
|||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TCTACAGTGCACGTGTCTCCAG 22 Human
hsa-miR-139-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 244) Human miR-149-5p
(hsa-miR-149-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 245) UCUGGCUCCGUGUCUUCACUCCC Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-149-5p (100% identical) 1
TCTGGCTCCGTGTCTTCACTCCC 23 Mouse mmu-miR-149-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
246) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TCTGGCTCCGTGTCTTCACTCCC 23 Human
hsa-miR-149-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 247) Human miR-29b-3p
(hsa-miR-29b-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 248) UAGCACCAUUUGAAAUCAGUGUU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-29b-3p (100% identical) 1
TAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTGTT 23 Mouse mmu-miR-29b-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
249) ||||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TAGCACCATTTGAAATCAGTGTT 23 Human
hsa-miR-23b-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 250) Human homologue of mouse
miR-1a-3p (hsa-miR-1-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 251)
UGGAAUGUAAAGAAGUAUGUAU
Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-1a-3p) 1 TGGAATGTAAAGAAGTATGTAT 22
Mouse mmu-miR-1a-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 252) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1
TGGAATGTAAAGAAGTATGTAG 22 Human hsa-miR-1-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 253)
Human miR-23b-3p (hsa-miR-23b-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 254)
AUCACAUUGCCAGGGAUUACC Alignment of Mouse and Human miR-23b-3p (100%
identical) 1 ATCACATTGCCAGGGATTACC 21 Mouse mmu-miR-23b-3p cDNA
(SEQ ID NO: 255) ||||||||||||||||||||| 1 ATCACATTGCCAGGGATTACC 21
Human hsa-miR-23b-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 256) Human miR-215-5p
(hsa-miR-215-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 257) AUGACCUAUGAAUUGACAGAC Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-215-5p (95% identical) 1
ATGACCTATGATTTGACAGAC 21 Mouse mmu-miR-215-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 258)
||||||||||| ||||||||| 1 ATGACCTATGAATTGACAGAC 21 Human
hsa-miR-215-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 259) Human miR-204-5p
(hsa-miR-204-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 260) UUCCCUUUGUCAUCCUAUGCCU Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-204-5p (100% identical) 1
TTCCCTTTGTCATCCTATGCCT 22 Mouse mmu-miR-204-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
261) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TTCCCTTTGTCATCCTATGCCT 22 Human
hsa-204-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 262) Human miR-200b-5p
(hsa-miR-200b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 263) CAUCUUACUGGGCAGCAUUGGA Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-200b-5p (100% identical) 1
CATCTTACTGGGCAGCATTGGA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-200b-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
264) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CATCTTACTGGGCAGCATTGGA 22 Human
hsa-miR-200b-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 265) Human miR-25-3p
(hsa-miR-25-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 266) CAUUGCACUUGUCUCGGUCUGA Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-25-3p (100% identical) 1
CATTGCACTTGTCTCGGTCTGA 22 Mouse mmu-miR-25-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 267)
|||||||||||||||||||||| 1 CATTGCACTTGTCTCGGTCTGA 22 Human
hsa-miR-25-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 268) Human miR-338-3p
(hsa-miR-338-3p) (SEQ ID NO: 269) UCCAGCAUCAGUGAUUUUGUUG Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-338-3p (100% identical) 1
TCCAGCATCAGTGATTTTGTTG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-338-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
270) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TCCAGCATCAGTGATTTTGTTG 22 Human
hsa-miR-338-3p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 271) Human miR-196b-5p
(hsa-miR-196b-5p) (SEQ ID NO: 272) UAGGUAGUUUCCUGUUGUUGGG Alignment
of Mouse and Human miR-196b-5p (100% identical) 1
TAGGTAGTTTCCTGTTGTTGGG 22 Mouse mmu-miR-196b-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO:
273) |||||||||||||||||||||| 1 TAGGTAGTTTCCTGTTGTTGGG 22 Human
hsa-miR-196b-5p cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 274)
[0169] A variety of methods for isolating miRNA from blood or serum
are known in the art. Not all methods of detecting and/or measuring
miRNAs include isolating relevant miRNAs from a blood or serum
sample. See, e.g., Shaffer et al., Li et al., Anal. Biochem.
431:69-75, 2012. A variety of methods for determining the presence
or absence, or a level of a target miRNA are well-known in the art.
For example, the presence or absence, or level(s) of one or more
miRNAs in a sample(s) can be determined by amplifying the miRNAs
present in the sample(s) to generate amplification products,
contacting the amplified products to a substrate, and detecting the
amplified products bound to the substrate. For example, the
presence or absence, or levels of a target miRNA can be determined
using quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) using stem-loop reverse
transcriptase primers combined with TaqMan PCR (Applied Biosystems,
Foster City, Calif.) analysis (Chen et al., Nucleic Acids Res.
33:e179, 2005; Liang et al., BMC Genomics 8:166, 2007), qPCR with
locked nucleic acid primers (Exiqon, Vedbaek, Denmark) (Raymond et
al., RNA 11:1737-1744, 2005), qPCR using poly(A) tailing (Qiagen,
Valencia, Calif.) (RT miRNA qPCR Assay), high-throughput sequencing
of small RNA libraries (Landgraf et al., Cell 129:1401-1414, 2007),
and microarray analysis (Mattie et al., Mol. Cancer 5:24, 2006;
Bloomston et al., JAMA 297:1901-1908, 2007; Porkka et al., Cancer
Res. 67:6130-6135, 2007; Calin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. 101:11755-11760, 2004; Volinia et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A. 103:2257-2261, 2006; Wang et al., RNA 13:151-159,
2007). Additional exemplary methods for determining the presence or
absence, or a level of miRNA in a sample, including a biological
fluid, are described herein.
Treatments for Reducing Radiation-Induced Damage
[0170] A variety of treatments for reducing radiation-induced
damage are known in the art. Non-limiting examples of treatments
for reducing radiation-induced damage include administering one or
more of a cytokine (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,
filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim), potassium iodide, Prussian blue,
and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid to a subject exposed to a
significant level of radiation, and/or performing bone marrow
transplantation, blood transfusion, and/or surgery to remove
damaged tissues from a subject exposed to a significant level of
radiation. In some examples, treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage includes administering of two or more
doses of one or more of a cytokine (e.g., granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor, filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim),
potassium iodide, Prussian blue, and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic
acid to a subject exposed to a significant level of radiation. In
some examples, treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage
includes performing one or more bone marrow transplantations and/or
one or more blood transfusions on a subject exposed to a
significant level of radiation. In some examples, treatment for
reducing radiation-induced damage includes hospitalizing a subject
exposed to a significant level of radiation. In some embodiments,
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage includes performing
outpatient treatment on a subject determined to have been exposed
to a low dose of radiation (e.g., less than 2 Gy, less than 1.5 Gy,
less than 1 Gy, less than 0.5 Gy of radiation).
[0171] Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include administering a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage (e.g., any of the treatments for reducing
radiation-induced damage described herein) to the subject.
Methods of Determining a Subject's Level of Exposure to
Radiation
[0172] Provided herein are methods of determining a subject's level
of exposure to radiation that include determining a level of one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs selected from the group of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p and human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample including biological fluid
from the subject; comparing the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs
in the sample to a reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs;
and determining the subject's level of exposure to radiation based
on the comparison of the level(s) of one or more miRNAs in the
sample to the reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0173] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0174] In some examples, the subject is a mouse and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of:
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In these examples, e.g., one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-150-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a sample including
a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation), indicates that the subject's exposure to radiation
is equal to or less than 2 Gy; one or more (e.g., two or more,
three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or
more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,
61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse
miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level
of one or more of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in
the sample, as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., a level in
a sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to
a significant dose of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed
to about 2 Gy or less of radiation), indicates that the subject's
exposure to radiation is between greater than 2 Gy and about 6.5
Gy; and/or one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or
more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine
or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or
more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen
or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more)
(e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated
level of one or more of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in
the sample, as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the
level(s) of in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, exposed to about 2
Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation, or exposed to
about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of radiation),
indicates that the subject's exposure to radiation is greater than
about 6.5 Gy.
[0175] In some examples, the subject is a human, and the one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group
of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In these
examples, e.g., one or more one or more (e.g., two or more, three
or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more,
eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or
more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen
or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or
twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64)
of: an elevated level of one or more of the human homologue or
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of
mouse miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation), indicates that the subject's
exposure to radiation is equal to or less than 2 Gy; one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
the human homologue of mouse miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of
mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s) (e.g., a level in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation), indicates that the subject's exposure to
radiation is between greater than 2 Gy and about 6.5 Gy; and/or one
or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or
more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten
or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen
or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more,
eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one
or more of the human homologue of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of
mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared to the reference level(s)
(e.g., the level(s) of in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation,
exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of
radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
less of radiation), indicates that the subject's exposure to
radiation is greater than about 6.5 Gy.
[0176] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. The
subject can be any subject described herein or known in the
art.
[0177] Some examples of these methods include administering (and
optionally both selecting and administering) a treatment to the
subject based on the subject's determined level of exposure to
radiation. For example, the methods can include hospitalizing a
subject determined to have been exposed to greater than 2 Gy of
radiation (e.g., about or greater than 6.5 Gy of radiation, or
greater than 8 Gy of radiation), or treating a subject determined
to have been exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation on an
outpatient basis.
[0178] Some examples further include recording the subject's
determined exposure to radiation into the subject's clinical file
(e.g., a computer readable medium). Some examples further include
communicating the subject's determined exposure to radiation to a
governmental agency or a health organization. Some examples further
include informing and isolating a subject determined to have been
exposed to greater than 2 Gy of radiation (e.g., about or greater
than 6.5 Gy of radiation, or about or greater than 8 Gy of
radiation). Some examples further include informing one or more of
the subject's physician, family, and employer of the subject's
determined exposure to radiation. Some examples further include
triaging a subject based on his or her determined exposure to
radiation.
Methods of Determining Whether a Subject has been Exposed to 2 Gy
or More of Radiation
[0179] Also provided herein are methods of determining whether a
subject has been exposed to a radiation dose of 2 Gy or more that
include determining a level of one or more (e.g., two or more,
three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or
more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,
61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p and human
homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p in
a sample including a biological fluid from the subject; comparing
the level(s) of the one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more,
four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or
more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more,
thirteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or
more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) miRNAs
in the sample with reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs;
and determining whether the subject has been exposed to a radiation
dose of 2 Gy or more based on the comparison of the level(s) of the
one or more mRNAs in the sample with the reference level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs.
[0180] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0181] In some examples, the subject is a mouse and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p. In these
examples, one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or
more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine
or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or
more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen
or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more)
(e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated
level of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p, and/or and a decreased level of one or
more of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p in
the sample, as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., any of the
reference levels described herein), indicates that the subject has
been exposed to 2 Gy or more of radiation. For example, the
reference level(s) for mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p are
the level(s) of mouse miR-130a-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p in
a sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to
a significant dose of radiation; the reference level for mouse
miR-17-3p is the level of mouse miR-17-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation; and/or the reference level(s) for mouse
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p is
the level(s) of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation,
exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of
radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
less of radiation.
[0182] In some examples, the subject is a human and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-1966-5p. In these examples, one or more (e.g., two or more,
three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or
more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,
61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or
more of the human homologues of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s) (e.g., any of the reference levels described
herein), indicates that the subject has been exposed to 2 Gy or
more of radiation. For example, the reference level(s) for the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p and miR-150-5p are the levels
of the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-1966-5p in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation; the reference level
for the human homologue of mouse miR-17-3p is the level of the
human homologue of mouse miR-17-3p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation; and/or the reference level(s) for the human
homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
and miR-30c-5p are the levels of the human homologues of mouse
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation, exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to
about 2 Gy or less of radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of radiation.
[0183] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. The
subject can be any subject described herein or known in the
art.
[0184] Some examples of these methods include administering (and
optionally both selecting and administering) a treatment for
reducing radiation-induced damage to the subject determined to have
been exposed to 2 Gy or more of radiation. For example, the methods
include hospitalizing a subject determined to have been exposed to
greater than 2 Gy of radiation (e.g., about or greater than 6.5 Gy
of radiation, or greater than 8 Gy of radiation), and/or performing
bone marrow transplantation, performing blood transfusion,
administering a cytokine (e.g., any of the cytokines described
herein) and/or performing surgery to remove damaged tissues on a
subject determined to have been exposed to 2 Gy or more of
radiation.
[0185] Some examples further include recording the determination
that the subject has been exposed to 2 Gy or more of radiation into
the subject's clinical file (e.g., a computer readable medium).
Some examples further include communicating the determination that
the subject has been exposed to 2 Gy or more of radiation to a
governmental agency or a health organization. Some examples further
include informing and isolating a subject determined to have been
exposed to 2 Gy or more of radiation (e.g., about or greater than
6.5 Gy of radiation, or greater than 8 Gy of radiation). Some
examples further include informing one or more of the subject's
physician, family, and employer of the determination that the
subject has been exposed to 2 Gy or more of radiation. Some
examples further include triaging a subject based on the
determination that the subject has been exposed to 2 Gy or more of
radiation.
Methods of Determining a Subject's Risk of Poor Prognosis from
Radiation Exposure
[0186] Also provided are methods of determining a subject's risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure that include determining a
level of one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or
more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine
or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or
more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen
or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more)
(e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs in a sample
including a biological fluid from a subject; comparing the level(s)
of the one or more miRNAs in the sample to reference level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs; and determining the subject's risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure based on the comparison of the
level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the sample to the reference
level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0187] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0188] In some examples, the subject is a mouse, and the one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group
of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p,
miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p,
miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In these examples, one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a sample including
a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk of poor prognosis
from radiation exposure is moderate (e.g., less than the risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a subject determined to
have been exposed to a dose of between greater than 2 Gy and about
6.5 Gy and less than the risk of poor prognosis from radiation
exposure in a subject determined to have been exposed to a dose of
greater than about 6.5 Gy); one or more (e.g., two or more, three
or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more,
eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or
more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen
or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or
twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of:
an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse
miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s) (e.g., a level in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure is high (e.g., greater than the
risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a subject
determined to have been exposed to 2 Gy or less of radiation and
less than the risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a
subject determined to have been exposed to greater than about 6.5
Gy (e.g., about 8 Gy or more) radiation); and/or one or more (e.g.,
two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or
more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared to the reference level(s)
(e.g., the level(s) of in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation,
exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of
radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
less of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure is very high (e.g., greater than
the risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a subject
determined to have been exposed to 2 Gy or less of radiation and
greater than the risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in
a subject determined to have been exposed to about 6.5 Gy of
radiation).
[0189] In some examples, the subject is a human, and the one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group
of the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p,
miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In
these examples, one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four
or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more,
nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen
or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more,
seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or
more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an
elevated level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of
mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk
of poor prognosis from radiation exposure is moderate (e.g., less
than the risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a
subject determined to have been exposed to a dose of between
greater than 2 Gy and about 6.5 Gy and less than the risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure in a subject determined to have
been exposed to a dose of greater than about 6.5 Gy); one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of the
human homologue of mouse miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of
mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s) (e.g., a level in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure is high (e.g., greater than the
risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a subject
determined to have been exposed to 2 Gy or less of radiation and
less than the risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a
subject determined to have been exposed to greater than about 6.5
Gy (e.g., about 8 Gy or more) radiation); and/or one or more (e.g.,
two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or
more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of the
human homologue of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in
the sample, as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the
level(s) of in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, exposed to about 2
Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation, or exposed to
about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of radiation),
indicates that the subject's risk of poor prognosis from radiation
exposure is very high (e.g., greater than the risk of poor
prognosis from radiation exposure in a subject determined to have
been exposed to 2 Gy or less of radiation and greater than the risk
of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in a subject determined
to have been exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation).
[0190] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. The
subject can be any subject described herein. Some examples of these
methods include administering (and optionally both selecting and
administering) a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage to
the subject identified as having a very high risk or high risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure. For example, the methods
can include hospitalizing a subject identified as having a very
high risk or high risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure,
and/or performing bone marrow transplantation and/or performing
blood transfusion, and/or administering a cytokine (e.g., any of
the cytokines described herein), and/or performing surgery to
remove damaged tissues on a subject identified as having a very
high risk or high risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure.
Some embodiments further include treating a subject identified as
having a moderate risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure on
an outpatient basis.
[0191] Some examples further include recording the subject's
identified risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure in the
subject's clinical file (e.g., a computer readable medium). Some
examples further include communicating the subject's identified
risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure to a governmental
agency or a health organization. Some examples further include
informing and isolating a subject identified as having a very high
risk or high risk of poor prognosis from radiation exposure. Some
examples further include informing one or more of the subject's
physician, family, and employer of the subject's identified risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure. Some examples further
include triaging a subject based on his or her identified risk of
poor prognosis from radiation exposure.
[0192] Poor prognosis from radiation exposure can include one or
more of death resulting from radiation exposure (e.g., death within
1 day to 5 years, 1 day to 4 years, 1 day to 3 years, 1 day to 2
years, 1 day to 1 year, 1 day to 6 months, 1 day to 2 months, 1 day
to 7 weeks, 1 day to 6 weeks, 1 day to 5 weeks, 1 day to 4 weeks, 1
day to 3 weeks, 1 day to 2 weeks, or 1 day to 1 week),
hospitalization resulting from radiation exposure (e.g., death
within 1 day to 5 years, 1 day to 4 years, 1 day to 3 years, 1 day
to 2 years, 1 day to 1 year, 1 day to 6 months, 1 day to 2 months,
1 day to 7 weeks, 1 day to 6 weeks, 1 day to 5 weeks, 1 day to 4
weeks, 1 day to 3 weeks, 1 day to 2 weeks, or 1 day to 1 week),
leukopenia resulting from radiation exposure, infection resulting
from radiation exposure, requirement of bone marrow
transplantation, and requirement of surgery to remove damaged
tissues.
Methods of Assessing a Subject's Risk of Subsequent Development of
Radiation Disease
[0193] Also provided are methods of assessing a subject's risk of
subsequent development of radiation disease that include
determining a level of one or more (e.g., two or more, three or
more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight
or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more,
thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or
more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or
twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64)
miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject;
comparing the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the sample to
reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs; and determining the
subject's risk of subsequent development of radiation disease based
on the comparison of the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the
sample to the reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0194] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0195] In some examples, the subject is a mouse, and the one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In these examples, one or more (e.g.,
two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or
more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a sample including
a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease is moderate (e.g., less than the
risk of subsequent development of radiation disease in a subject
determined to have been exposed to a dose of between greater than 2
Gy and about 6.5 Gy and less than the risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease in a subject determined to have
been exposed to a dose of greater than about 6.5 Gy); one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
mouse miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level
of one or more of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in
the sample, as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., level(s)
in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed
to a significant dose of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or
exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation), indicates that the
subject's risk of subsequent development of radiation disease is
high (e.g., greater than the risk of subsequent development of
radiation disease in a subject determined to have been exposed to 2
Gy or less of radiation and less than the risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease in a subject determined to have
been exposed to greater than about 6.5 Gy (e.g., about 8 Gy or
more) radiation)); and/or one or more (e.g., two or more, three or
more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight
or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more,
thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or
more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or
twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of:
an elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample,
as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) of in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation, exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to
about 2 Gy or less of radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of radiation), indicates that the
subject's risk of subsequent development of radiation disease is
very high (e.g., greater than the risk of subsequent development of
radiation disease in a subject determined to have been exposed to 2
Gy or less of radiation and greater than the risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease in a subject determined to have
been exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation).
[0196] In some examples, the subject is a human, and the one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of
the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In these
examples, one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or
more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine
or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or
more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen
or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more)
(e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated
level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk
of subsequent development of radiation disease is moderate (e.g.,
less than the risk of subsequent development of radiation disease
in a subject determined to have been exposed to a dose of between
greater than 2 Gy and about 6.5 Gy and less than the risk of
subsequent development of radiation disease in a subject determined
to have been exposed to a dose of greater than about 6.5 Gy); one
or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or
more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten
or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen
or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more,
eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or
more of the human homologue of mouse miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human
homologue of mouse miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., level(s) in a sample
including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed
to about 2 Gy or less of radiation), indicates that the subject's
risk of subsequent development of radiation disease is high (e.g.,
greater than the risk of subsequent development of radiation
disease in a subject determined to have been exposed to 2 Gy or
less of radiation and less than the risk of subsequent development
of radiation disease in a subject determined to have been exposed
to greater than about 6.5 Gy (e.g., about 8 Gy or more)
radiation)); and/or one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more,
four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or
more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more,
thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or
more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or
twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of:
an elevated level of one or more of the human homologue of mouse
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of the human homologue of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) of in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation, exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about
6.5 Gy or less of radiation), indicates that the subject's risk of
subsequent development of radiation disease is very high (e.g.,
greater than the risk of subsequent development of radiation
disease in a subject determined to have been exposed to 2 Gy or
less of radiation and greater than the risk of subsequent
development of radiation disease in a subject determined to have
been exposed to about 6.5 Gy of radiation).
[0197] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. The
subject can be any subject described herein or known in the
art.
[0198] Some examples of these methods include administering (and
optionally both selecting and administering) a treatment for
reducing radiation-induced damage to the subject identified as
having a very high risk or high risk of subsequent development of
radiation disease. For example, the methods can include
hospitalizing a subject identified as having a very high risk or
high risk of subsequent development of radiation disease, and/or
performing bone marrow transplantation, performing blood
transfusion, administering a cytokine (e.g., any of the cytokines
described herein) and/or performing surgery to remove damaged
tissues on a subject identified as having a very high risk or high
risk of subsequent development of radiation disease. Some
embodiments further include treating a subject identified as having
a moderate risk of subsequent development of radiation disease on
an outpatient basis.
[0199] Some examples further include recording the subject's
identified risk of subsequent development of radiation disease in
the subject's clinical file (e.g., a computer readable medium).
Some examples further include communicating the subject's
identified risk of subsequent development of radiation disease to a
governmental agency or a health organization. Some examples further
include informing and isolating a subject identified as having a
very high risk or high risk of subsequent development of radiation
disease. Some examples further include informing one or more of the
subject's physician, family, and employer of the subject's
identified risk of subsequent development of radiation disease.
Some examples further include triaging a subject based on his or
her identified risk of subsequent development of radiation
disease.
Methods of Selecting a Treatment for a Subject
[0200] Also provided herein are methods of selecting a treatment
for a subject that include determining a level(s) of one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p and human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p, in a sample including a
biological fluid from the subject; comparing the level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs in the sample to reference level(s) of the one
or more miRNAs; and selecting a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage (e.g., any of the exemplary treatments for
reducing radiation-induced damage described herein or known in the
art) for a subject based on the comparison of the level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs in the sample to the reference level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs.
[0201] Non-limiting examples of treatments for reducing
radiation-induced damage include administration of one or more of a
cytokine (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, filgrastim,
and pegfilgrastim), potassium iodide, Prussian blue, and
diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and performance of bone marrow
transplantation, blood transfusion, and surgery to remove damaged
tissues. In some examples, the selected treatment includes
inpatient treatment.
[0202] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0203] In some examples, the subject is a mouse and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p. In some examples, a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage is selected for a subject having one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or
more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen
or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of
one or more of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in the sample,
as compared to reference level(s) (e.g., any of the reference
levels described herein). In some examples, a treatment for
reducing radiation-induced damage is not selected for a subject
having a non-elevated level of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and
a non-decreased level of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in
the sample, as compared to reference level(s) (e.g., any of the
reference levels described herein). In some examples, the reference
level(s) for mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p is the level(s) in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation; the
reference level for mouse miR-17-3p is the level of mouse miR-17-3p
in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed
to a significant dose of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or
exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation; and/or the reference
level(s) of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
and miR-30c-5p is the level(s) of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation, exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about
6.5 Gy or less of radiation.
[0204] In some examples, the subject is a human and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p. In some examples, a
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage is selected for a
subject having one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four
or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more,
nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen
or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more,
seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or
more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an
elevated level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of
one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to reference level(s) (e.g.,
any of the reference levels described herein). In some examples, a
treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage is not selected for
a subject having a non-elevated level of the human homologues of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and a non-decreased level
of the human homologues of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in
the sample, as compared to reference level(s) (e.g., any of the
reference levels described herein). In some examples, the reference
level(s) for the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p is the level(s) in a sample
including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation; the reference level for the human
homologue of mouse miR-17-3p is the level of the human homologue of
mouse miR-17-3p in a sample including a biological fluid from a
subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation or exposed
to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation; and/or
the reference level(s) of the human homologue of mouse miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p is the level(s)
of the human homologue of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation,
exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of
radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
less of radiation.
[0205] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. The
subject can be any subject described herein or known in the
art.
[0206] Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include administering the selected treatment to the
subject.
[0207] Some examples further include recording the selected
treatment in the subject's clinical file (e.g., a computer readable
medium). Some examples further include communicating the selected
treatment to a governmental agency or a health organization. Some
examples further include informing a subject of the treatment
selected for him or her. Some examples further include informing
one or more of the subject's physician, family, and employer of the
treatment selected for the subject.
Methods of Selecting a Subject for Treatment
[0208] Also provided herein are methods of selecting a subject for
treatment of radiation disease that include determining a level(s)
of one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more,
five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or
more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or
more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen
or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more)
(e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs selected from
the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p and human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p, in a sample including a biological fluid from the
subject; comparing the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the
sample to reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs (e.g., any
of the exemplary reference levels described herein); and selecting
a subject for treatment of radiation disease based on the
comparison of the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the sample
to the reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0209] Non-limiting examples of treatments for radiation disease
(e.g., a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage) include
administration of one or more of a cytokine (e.g., granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor, filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim),
potassium iodide, Prussian blue, and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic
acid, and/or performance of bone marrow transplantation, blood
transfusion, and/or surgery to remove tissues damaged by radiation
exposure. In some examples, treatment for radiation disease
includes inpatient treatment.
[0210] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0211] In some examples, the subject is a mouse and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and
miR-338-3p. In some examples, a subject having one or more (e.g.,
two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or
more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of
one or more of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in the sample,
as compared to reference level(s) (e.g., any of the reference
levels described herein) is selected for treatment of radiation
disease; or a subject not having an elevated level of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and not having a decreased
level of one or more of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in
the sample, as compared to reference level(s) (e.g., any of the
reference levels described herein) is not selected for treatment of
radiation disease. In some examples, the reference levels for mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p is
the level(s) in a sample including a biological fluid from a
subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation; the
reference level for mouse miR-17-3p is the level of mouse miR-17-3p
in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed
to a significant dose of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or
exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation; and/or the reference
level(s) of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
and miR-30c-5p is the level(s) of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation, exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation, or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about
6.5 Gy or less of radiation.
[0212] In some examples, the subject is a human and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p. In some examples, a subject
having one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more,
five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or
more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or
more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen
or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more)
(e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated
level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
the human homologues of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in
the sample, as compared to reference level(s) (e.g., any of the
reference levels described herein) is selected for treatment of
radiation disease; or a subject not having an elevated level of the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and
not having a decreased level of one or more of the human homologues
of mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-18'7-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p in the sample,
as compared to reference level(s) (e.g., any of the reference
levels described herein) is not selected for treatment of radiation
disease. In some examples, the reference level(s) of the human
homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, and miR-338-3p is the level(s) in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation; the reference level of the human homologue of mouse
miR-17-3p is the level of the human homologue of mouse miR-17-3p in
a sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to
a significant dose of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed
to about 2 Gy or less of radiation; and/or the reference level(s)
of the human homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p is the level(s) of the human
homologues of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p,
and miR-30c-5p in a sample including a biological fluid from a
subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, exposed to
about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation, or
exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of
radiation.
[0213] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. The
subject can be any subject described herein or known in the
art.
[0214] Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include administering a treatment for radiation disease
(e.g., any of the treatments for reducing radiation-induced damage)
to the subject selected for treatment of radiation disease. Some
examples further include recording in the subject's clinical file
(e.g., a computer readable medium) that he or she has been selected
for treatment of radiation disease or has not been selected for
treatment of radiation disease. Some examples further include
communicating to a governmental agency or a health organization
that the subject has been selected for treatment of radiation
disease or has not been selected for treatment of radiation
disease. Some examples further include informing the subject that
he or she has been selected for treatment of radiation disease or
that he or she has not been selected for treatment of radiation
disease. Some examples further include informing one or more of the
subject's physician, family, and employer that the subject has been
selected for treatment of radiation disease or that the subject has
not been selected for treatment of radiation disease.
Methods of Triaging Subjects Exposed or Suspected of Being Exposed
to Radiation
[0215] Also provided herein are methods of triaging a plurality of
subjects exposed or suspected of being exposed to radiation that
include determining a level of one or more (e.g., two or more,
three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or
more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
62, 63, or 64) miRNAs selected from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p,
miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p,
miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p and human homologues of one or more of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in a sample including a biological
fluid from the subject; comparing the level(s) of the one or more
miRNAs in the sample to reference level(s) of the one or more
miRNAs (e.g., any of the reference levels described herein); and
triaging the subject based on the comparison of the level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs in the sample to the reference level(s) of the
one or more miRNAs.
[0216] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0217] In some examples, the subject is a mouse and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p,
miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In such examples, a subject having one
or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or
more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten
or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen
or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more,
eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or
more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse
miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation), is given low priority in triaging
(e.g., subjects having high priority and medium priority are seen
by a physician or treated before subjects having low priority); a
subject having one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four
or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more,
nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen
or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more,
seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or
more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an
elevated level of one or more of mouse miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p,
miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and
miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of mouse
miR-17-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p,
miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p,
miR-215-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s), (e.g., a level in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation), is given medium priority in triaging (e.g.,
subjects having high priority are seen by a physician or treated
before subjects having medium priority, and subjects having medium
priority are seen by a physician or treated before subjects having
low priority); and/or a subject having one or more (e.g., two or
more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven
or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of mouse
miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p,
miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p,
miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p,
miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p,
miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a decreased level of
one or more of mouse miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p,
miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s) (e.g., a level(s) in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation), is given high priority in triaging (e.g.,
subjects having high priority are seen by a physician or treated
before subjects having medium or low priority).
[0218] In some examples, the subject is a human and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42,
43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) miRNAs are selected from the group of the
human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-375-3p, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p,
miR-326-3p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-1839-3p, miR-500-3p,
miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-15a-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p. In such
examples, a subject having one or more (e.g., two or more, three or
more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight
or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more,
thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or
more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or
twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,
50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of:
an elevated level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p,
miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-29a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p,
and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human homologues of
mouse miR-150-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-30a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-187-3p in the sample,
as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., the level(s) in a
sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a
significant dose of radiation), is given low priority in triaging
(e.g., subjects having high priority and medium priority are seen
by a physician or treated before subjects having low priority); a
subject having one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four
or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more,
nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen
or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more,
seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, or twenty or
more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, or 64) of: an
elevated level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p,
miR-30a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p,
miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195, miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p,
miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p,
miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p,
miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p,
miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-196b-5p, and/or a decreased level
of one or more of the human homologues of mouse miR-17-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p,
miR-706, miR-29a-5p, miR-193a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-497a-5p,
miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p,
miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p,
miR-187-3p, and miR-338-3p in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s), (e.g., a level in a sample including a
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or
less of radiation), is given medium priority in triaging (e.g.,
subjects having high priority are seen by a physician or treated
before subjects having medium priority, and subjects having medium
priority are seen by a physician or treated before subjects having
low priority); and/or a subject having one or more (e.g., two or
more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven
or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
62, 63, or 64) of: an elevated level of one or more of the human
homologues of mouse miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-126-3p, miR-375-3p, miR-99b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-let-7d-3p,
miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-1195,
miR-1839-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p,
miR-133a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-200b-5p, and miR-25-3p, and/or a
decreased level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-33-5p, miR-142a-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-32-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-21a-5p,
miR-503-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-130a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-215-5p, miR-338-3p, and miR-196b-5p in
the sample, as compared to the reference level(s) (e.g., a level(s)
in a sample including a biological fluid from a subject not exposed
to a significant dose of radiation or exposed to about 2 Gy or
exposed to about 2 Gy or less of radiation), is given high priority
in triaging (e.g., subjects having high priority are seen by a
physician or treated before subjects having medium or low
priority).
[0219] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. The
subject can be any subject described herein or known in the art. In
some examples, the plurality of subjects are subjects in an
emergency room or housed in an emergency trauma facility.
[0220] Some embodiments of any of the methods described herein
further include administering a treatment (e.g., any of the
treatments for reducing radiation-induced damage) to a subject
given high priority in triaging. Some examples further include
recording into a computer system that the subject has been given
low, medium, or high priority in triaging. Some examples further
include communicating to a governmental agency or a health
organization that the subject has been given low, medium, or high
priority in triaging. Some examples further include informing the
subject that he or she has been given low, medium, or high priority
in triaging. Some examples further include informing one or more of
the subject's physician, family, and employer that the subject has
been given low, medium, or high priority in triaging.
Methods of Determining Efficacy of a Treatment Administered to a
Subject Exposed or Suspected of being Exposed to a Significant Dose
of Radiation
[0221] Also provided are methods of determining the efficacy of a
treatment administered to a subject exposed to a significant dose
of radiation that include (a) determining a first level of one or
more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more,
six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or
more, eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12) miRNAs
in a sample including a biological fluid obtained from the subject
exposed to a significant dose of radiation at a first time point;
(b) after the first time point and before a second time point,
administering a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage to
the subject (e.g., any of the treatments for reducing
radiation-induced damage described herein); (c) determining a
second level of the one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more,
four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or
more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, or 12) miRNAs in a sample including a biological
fluid obtained from the subject at the second time point; and (d)
determining the efficacy of the treatment administered to the
subject based on a comparison of the second level(s) of the one or
more miRNAs to the first level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0222] In some examples, the subject is a mouse and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12) miRNAs are
selected from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p. In
some examples, one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, six,
seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or twelve) of: an elevation in the
second level of one or more of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p,
and/or a decrease in the second level of one or more of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-346-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, as
compared to the first level(s) of one or more of mouse miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p,
miR-27a-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-346-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p, indicates that the treatment administered to the
subject was effective.
[0223] In some examples, the subject is a human and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12) miRNAs are
selected from the group of human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p. In some examples, one or more (e.g., two, three, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or twelve) of: an
elevation in the second level of one or more of the human
homologues of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, and/or a decrease in the
second level of one or more of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-346-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, as
compared to the first level(s) of one or more of the human
homologues of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-346-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, indicates that the
treatment administered to the subject was effective.
[0224] Also provided are methods including determining the efficacy
of a treatment for reducing radiation-induced damage in a subject
exposed to a significant level of radiation that includes (a)
determining a level of one or more (e.g., two or more, three or
more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight
or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12) miRNAs in a sample including a biological
fluid from a subject previously exposed to a significant level of
radiation and thereafter administered a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage; (b) comparing the level(s) of the one or
more miRNAs in the sample to reference level(s) of the one or more
miRNAs (e.g., any of the reference levels described herein); and
(c) determining the efficacy of the treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage in the subject based on the comparison of
the level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in the sample to the
reference level(s) of the one or more miRNAs.
[0225] Non-limiting examples of treatments for reducing
radiation-induced damage is selected from the group of cytokines
(e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, fligrastim, and
pegfilgrastim), potassium iodide, Prussian blue, diethylenetriamine
pentaacetic acid, bone marrow transplantation, blood transfusion,
and surgery to remove damaged tissues.
[0226] In some examples, the reference level(s) is the level(s) of
the one or more miRNAs in a sample including a biological fluid
from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a
subject exposed to 0.2 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed
to 0.4 Gy or less of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.6 Gy or less
of radiation, a subject exposed to 0.8 Gy or less of radiation, or
a subject exposed to 1 Gy or less of radiation. Additional examples
of reference levels of the one or more miRNAs are described
below.
[0227] In some examples, the subject is a mouse and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12) mRNAs are
selected from the group of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p. In
some examples, one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, six,
seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or twelve) of: an elevated level
of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more
of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s) (e.g., levels in a sample including biological
fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of
radiation, a subject exposed to a significant level of radiation
and not administered a treatment or not administered an effective
treatment, a subject exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy
or less of radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of radiation or levels in a sample
including a biological fluid from a control subject that was
exposed to a significant level of radiation and administered an
effective treatment), indicates that treatment was not effective;
or one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more,
five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or
more, ten or more, eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
or 12) of a non-elevated level of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, and a non-decreased level
of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared to the
reference level(s) (e.g., levels in a sample including biological
fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose of
radiation, a subject exposed to a significant level of radiation
and not administered a treatment or not administered an effective
treatment, a subject exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy
or less of radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of radiation or levels in a sample
including a biological fluid from a control subject that was
exposed to a significant level of radiation and administered an
effective treatment), indicates that treatment was effective.
[0228] In some examples, the subject is a human and the one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12) mRNAs are
selected from the group of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p,
miR-126-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p. In some examples, one or more (e.g.,
two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or
twelve) of: an elevated level of one or more of the human homologue
of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-30a-3p, and
miR-30c-5p, and/or a decreased level of one or more of the human
homologue of mouse miR-142-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p,
miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared
to the reference level(s) (e.g., levels in a sample including
biological fluid from a subject not exposed to a significant dose
of radiation, a subject exposed to a significant level of radiation
and not administered a treatment or not administered an effective
treatment, a subject exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy
or less of radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy or
exposed to about 6.5 Gy or less of radiation or levels in a sample
including a biological fluid from a control subject that was
exposed to a significant level of radiation and administered an
effective treatment), indicates that treatment was not effective;
or one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more,
five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or
more, ten or more, eleven or more, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
or 12) of a non-elevated level of the human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-34-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p, and
a non-decreased level of the human homologues of mouse miR-142-5p,
miR-150-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and
miR-27a-3p, in the sample, as compared to the reference level(s)
(e.g., levels in a sample including biological fluid from a subject
not exposed to a significant dose of radiation, a subject exposed
to a significant level of radiation and not administered a
treatment or not administered an effective treatment, a subject
exposed to about 2 Gy or exposed to about 2 Gy or less of
radiation, or a subject exposed to about 6.5 Gy or exposed to about
6.5 Gy or less of radiation or levels in a sample including a
biological fluid from a control subject that was exposed to a
significant level of radiation and administered an effective
treatment), indicates that treatment was effective.
[0229] The level(s) of the one or more miRNAs can be measured using
any of the methods described herein or known in the art. For
example, the first and second level(s) of the one or more miRNAs in
the samples are determined in steps (a) and (c) by amplifying the
miRNAs present in the sample(s) to generate amplification products,
contacting the amplified products to a substrate, and detecting the
amplified products bound to the substrate. The subject can be any
subject described herein or known in the art.
[0230] Some embodiments further include administering one or more
additional doses of a treatment identified as being effective. Some
embodiments, where the treatment was identified as not being
effective, further include administering an alternate treatment to
the subject.
Methods of Treating a Subject Having Radiation Disease
[0231] Also provided are methods of treating a subject having
radiation disease (e.g., a subject that has been identified or has
been diagnosed as having radiation disease) or a subject identified
as having been exposed to a significant level of radiation (e.g.,
using any of the methods described herein) that include
administering a therapeutically effective dose of one or more
(e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six
or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more,
eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more,
fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or
more, nineteen or more, twenty or more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, or 34) of mouse miR-150-5p,
miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-142-5p,
miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706, miR-29a-5p,
miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195, miR-122-5p,
miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-199b-5p,
miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p, miR-199a-5p,
miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-1a-3p,
miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p, and human homologues of
mouse miR-150-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-142-5p, miR-320-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-706,
miR-29a-5p, miR-let-7d-3p, miR-497a-5p, miR-214-5p, miR-1195,
miR-122-5p, miR-500-3p, miR-322-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-29a-3p,
miR-199b-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-362-3p,
miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-34b-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-149-5p,
miR-1a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-215-5p, and miR-204-5p, and/or a
therapeutically effective dose of one or more (e.g., two or more,
three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or
more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more,
twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or
more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more,
nineteen or more, or twenty of more) (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, or 30) of an inhibitory nucleic acid that decreases the
levels of one or more of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p, and human homologues of mouse
miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p in
a subject. Non-limiting examples of an inhibitory nucleic acid
include siRNAs, shRNAs, and antisense nucleic acids which contain a
sequence that is complementary to a sequence present in one of
mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p,
miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p,
miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p, miR-1839-3p, miR-709,
miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p, miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p,
miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p,
miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p,
and human homologues of mouse miR-130a-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p,
miR-136-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-151-3p, miR-486-5p,
miR-423-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-326-3p,
miR-1839-3p, miR-709, miR-486a-3p, miR-676-3p, miR-744-5p,
miR-1839-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-21a-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-328-3p,
miR-let-7g-5p, miR-15a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-25-3p,
miR-338-3p, and miR-1966-5p.
Kits
Also provided herein are kits that consist or consist essentially
of one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
66, or 67) of: (i) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence
(e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides)
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-130a-3p; (ii) at least one nucleic acid
including a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-150-5p;
(iii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-17-3p; (iv) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-187-3p; (v) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-194-5p; (vi)
at least one nucleic acid including a sequence (e.g., a sequence of
between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-27a-3p; (vii) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-30a-3p; (viii) at least one
nucleic acid including a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-30c-5p;
(ix) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-142-5p; (x) at least one nucleic acid including a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-342-3p; (xi) at least one nucleic
acid including a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-34b-3p;
(xii) at least one nucleic acid including a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-126-3p; (xiii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-320-3p; (xiv) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-136-5p;
(xv) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-33-5p; (xvi) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-142a-3p; (xvii) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-706;
(xviii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-375-3p; (xix) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-29a-5p; (xx) at least one nucleic
acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-193a-3p;
(xxi) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-99b-5p; (xxii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-151-3p; (xxiii) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-let-7d-3p; (xxiv) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-486-5p; (xxv) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-423-5p;
(xxvi) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-30b-5p; (xxvii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-191-5p; (xxviii) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-497a-5p; (xxix) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence
(e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides)
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-32-5p; (xxx) at least one nucleic acid
comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-214-5p;
(xxxi) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-326-3p; (xxxii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-1195; (xxxiii) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-122-5p;
(xxxiv) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-1839-3p; (xxxv) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-500-3p; (xxxvi) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-30e-3p;
(xxxvii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-322-3p; (xxxviii) at least one nucleic acid comprising
a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-709; (xxxix) at least one nucleic
acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-486a-3p;
(xxxx) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-133a-3p; (xxxxi) at least one nucleic acid comprising
a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-676-3p; (xxxxii) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-744-5p;
(xxxxiii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-29a-3p; (xxxxiv) at least one nucleic acid comprising
a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-1839-5p; (xxxxv) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-30a-5p;
(xxxxvi) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-199b-5p; (xxxxvii) at least one nucleic acid
comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-125a-5p;
(xxxxviii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-133b-3p; (il) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-24-3p; (1) at least one nucleic
acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-21a-5p; (li)
at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence
of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-503-5p; (lii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-328-3p; (liii) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-let-7g-5p; (liv) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-362-3p; (lv) at least one nucleic
acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-199a-5p;
(lvi) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-15a-3p; (lvii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-139-5p; (lviii) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-149-5p;
(lix) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-29b-3p; (lx) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-1a-3p; (lxi) at least one nucleic
acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-23b-3p;
(lxii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-215-5p; (lxiii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a
sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25
nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence
of the human homolog of mouse miR-204-5p; (lxiv) at least one
nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between
about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all
or a part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse
miR-200b-5p; (lxv) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence
(e.g., a sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides)
that is complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human
homolog of mouse miR-25-3p; (lxvi) at least one nucleic acid
comprising a sequence (e.g., a sequence of between about 5
nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is complementary to all or a
part of the sequence of the human homolog of mouse miR-338-3p; and
(lxvii) at least one nucleic acid comprising a sequence (e.g., a
sequence of between about 5 nucleotides to 25 nucleotides) that is
complementary to all or a part of the sequence of the human homolog
of mouse miR-196b-5p.
[0233] The at least one nucleic acid can include an alternate
backbone chemistry, such as phosphothioate bond-based chemistries,
and alternative nucleoside residues, such as modified residues,
that are capable of pairing with multiple nucleoside base
residues.
[0234] In some examples, one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five,
six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, or twelve) of the nucleic
acid of (i) through (lxvii) is bound to a substrate (e.g., a glass
chip, a chip or microchip, slides, a bead, or a film). Some
examples of the kits further include one or more nucleic acids that
act as spiked in DNA or RNA loading controls. Non-limiting examples
of spiked in DNA or RNA loading controls are described in the
Examples, and additional examples are well known in the art. Some
examples of the kits further include instructions to performing any
of the methods described herein.
[0235] In some embodiments, the one or more nucleic acids of (i)
through (lxvii) bound to a substrate is an array. Arrays typically
contain addressable moieties that can detect the presence of an
entity in a sample including a biological fluid, e.g., via the
binding event.
[0236] In some examples, the substrate in the kits can be a
surface-derivatized glass or silica, or a polymer membrane surface
(see e.g., Guo, et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 22:5456-5465, 1994;
Maskos et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 20:1679-1684, 1992; and Southern,
et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1368-1373, 1994). Modification of the
surface of the substrate can be accomplished any of the techniques
known in the art. For example, siliceous or metal oxide surfaces
can be derivatized with bifunctional silanes, i.e., silanes having
a first functional group enabling covalent binding to the surface
(e.g., Si-halogen or Si-alkoxy group, as in --SiCl.sub.3 or
--Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3, respectively) and a second functional group
that can impart the desired chemical and/or physical modifications
to the surface to covalently or non-covalently attach the one or
more nucleic acids of (i) through (lxvii). Silylated
derivatizations and other surface derivatizations are known in the
art (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,624,711; 5,266,222; and
5,137,765). Other processes for preparing arrays are described in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,649,348.
[0237] Polymer array synthesis is also described extensively in the
literature including in the following: WO 00/58516 and U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,143,854; 5,242,974; 5,252,743; 5,324,633; 5,384,261;
5,405,783; 5,424,186; 5,451,683; 5,482,867; 5,491,074; 5,527,681;
5,550,215; 5,571,639; 5,578,832; 5,593,839; 5,599,695; 5,624,711;
5,631,734; 5,795,716; 5,831,070; 5,837,832; 5,856,101; 5,858,659;
5,936,324; 5,968,740; 5,974,164; 5,981,185; 5,981,956; 6,025,601;
6,033,860; 6,040,193; 6,090,555; 6,136,269; 6,269,846; 6,428,752;
5,412,087; 6,147,205; 6,262,216; 6,310,189; 5,889,165; and
5,959,098, and WO 99/36760 and WO 01/58593.
EXAMPLES
[0238] Several general protocols are described below, which may be
used in any of the methods described herein and do not limit the
scope of the invention described in the claims.
Example 1. Characterization of Hematopoietic Injury in C57BL/6J
Mice Following Exposure to Different Doses of Total Body
Irradiation
[0239] An initial set of experiments was performed to test the
effect of total body irradiation on the hematopoietic system in
mice.
Materials and Methods
Mice and Total Body Irradiation
[0240] C57BL/6J male mice (10 weeks old) were obtained from Jackson
Labs (Bar Harbor, Me.) and the mice were used in the experiments at
an age of 12-13 weeks. Animals were exposed to total body
irradiation in an irradiation pie cage (Braintree Scientific,
Briantree, Mass.) at various doses. Irradiation was performed using
a .sup.137Cs source (Gamma Cell.RTM. 40 Exactor, Best Theratronics,
Ottawa, Ontario).
Bone Marrow Harvest and Flow Cytometry
[0241] Bone marrow was harvested as per protocols described in
Parmar et al. (Stem Cells 28:1186-1195, 2010). Briefly, animals
were dissected to isolate the femurs and tibia from the mouse hind
limb. The extracted bones were flushed with a 23-gauge needle using
Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS, Life Technologies, Grand
Island, N.Y.) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1%
10 mM HEPES (Life Technologies) to obtain bone marrow. The cells
were then passed through an 18 gauge needle to obtain a single cell
suspension. The bone marrow mononuclear cell count (BM-MNC) was
determined by counting cells using 3% acetic acid with methylene
blue solution (Stem Cell Technologies, Vancouver, British
Columbia). For LKS (lineage, cKit, Sca1) staining to visualize
hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells
(HSCs), whole bone marrow was stained with biotinylated
anti-lineage cocktail (anti-Mac1, Gr-1, CD3e, B220, and Ter119),
APC-conjugated anti-cKit (clone 2B8), and PECy7-conjugated
anti-Sca1 (clone D7) antibodies. Following primary antibody
staining, the cells were washed and incubated in PE-conjugated
streptavidin secondary antibody to visualize lineage-positive
cells. All primary and secondary antibodies were obtained from BD
Biosciences (San Jose, Calif.). The samples were acquired using an
LSR Fortessa instrument (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, N.J.)
and data was analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar, Ashland,
Oreg.).
Colony Assays
[0242] To assess colony-forming ability, whole bone marrow isolated
after flushing mouse femurs and tibiae was plated in 12-well plates
at a density of 20,000 to 100,000 cells/well in methylcellulose
medium (Methocult CF M3434, Stem Cell Technologies, Vancouver,
British Columbia) containing recombinant murine IL-3, recombinant
murine IL-6, and recombinant human erythropoietin. Cells from all
samples were plated in triplicates and incubated at 37.degree. C.
in 5% CO.sub.2 for 7 days at which time hematopoietic colonies
formed (colony-forming units in culture, CFU-Cs) were scored.
Complete Blood Counts (CBCs)
[0243] Blood collection for CBCs (100 .mu.L) was performed by
retro-orbital bleeding after anesthesia in EDTA-coated tubes (BD
Biosciences, San Jose, Calif.). CBCs were recorded with a Hemavet
950 FS hematology analyzer (Drew Scientific, Dallas, Tex.).
Results
[0244] The data in FIG. 1 show that mice exposed to 2 Gy- or 6.5
Gy-total body radiation survive, while the majority of mice exposed
to 8 Gy-total body irradiation (65%) are not viable. Thus, 2 Gy and
6.5 Gy were chosen as the sub-lethal low and sub-lethal high doses,
respectively, and 8 Gy was considered the lethal dose for
subsequent experiments. Complete blood count of peripheral blood
showed a reduction in white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells
(RBCs), platelets, and hemoglobin at all tested doses of
irradiation (FIGS. 2-4). By day 7, severe lymphopenia and anemia
are observed in the 6.5 Gy- and 8 Gy-irradiated mice and there was
no significant difference in the peripheral blood parameters at day
15 between the two cohorts of animals (FIGS. 2-4).
[0245] Decrease in bone marrow cellularity is an important measure
of injury caused to the hematopoietic system following irradiation.
At 24 hours post-radiation, a radiation dose-dependent reduction in
the cellularity of bone marrow was observed. A dose of 2 Gy caused
a .about.2.5-fold decrease in BM-BMCs relative to non-irradiated
controls while at higher doses, an 8-10-fold reduction decrease was
observed (FIGS. 6-10). By day 7 and day 15, a complete recovery of
BM-MNCs was observed in mice exposed to 2 Gy of radiation, whereas
the BM-MNC count remained very low and indistinguishable for the
mice exposed to 6.5 Gy and 8 Gy of radiation, respectively. The
mice exposed to 6.5 Gy of radiation showed significant recovery of
BM-MNCs by 30 days, and a complete recovery of BM-MNCs by 3 months
(FIGS. 6-10).
[0246] The CFU-C count following irradiation was significantly
decreased for all doses, and the 6.5 Gy- and 8 Gy-cohorts were
indistinguishable, both with very low CFU-C counts at day 15 (FIGS.
11-15). At subsequent time points, the bone marrow from both the 2
Gy- and 6.5 Gy-groups displayed improvement in hematopoietic
progenitor cell function, but mice in the 8 Gy-group failed to
recover. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the bone marrow
hematopoietic progenitor cell population in control and irradiated
mice. The LKS.sup.- (lineage.sup.-, c-Kit+, Sca-1.sup.-) population
is enriched in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and the
LKS.sup.+ (lineage.sup.-, c-Kit+, Sca-1.sup.+) population is
enriched in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A severe reduction in
the HPC content was observed at 24 hours after total body
irradiation in all of the irradiated groups (FIGS. 16-20). The
kinetics of recovery for the HPC population (LKS.sup.- cells) in
the weeks and months after total body irradiation was similar to
the CFU-C levels (FIGS. 11-20). The numbers of HPCs in the 6.5 Gy-
and 8 Gy-irradiated mice remained comparably low and
indistinguishable at 15 days after total body irradiation. The data
reveal that dose dependent hematopoietic injury occurs after total
body irradiation, but animals exposed to sub-lethal high- (6.5 Gy)
or lethal (8 Gy)-total body irradiation doses remain largely
indistinguishable up to 15 days post-total body irradiation.
[0247] The data described above show that sub-lethal doses of total
body irradiation cause a severe reduction, but not complete
depletion of HPCs in the 2 Gy- and 6.5 Gy-irradiated animals. A
similar trend in the HSC population (LKS.sup.+ cells) was observed,
with a striking ablation until 7 days in all total body irradiation
cohorts, and detectable recovery at the 15-day time point occurs in
the 2 Gy-irradiated animals (FIGS. 21-25). On the other hand, HSC
levels in the 6.5 Gy- and 8 Gy-irradiated animals at 15 days
post-total body irradiation remained significantly low. These data
show that sub-lethal doses of total body irradiation cause
permanent damage to stem cells, which can lead to stem cell
senescence and a decrease in the engraftment potential of HSCs.
Example 2. Residual HSCs in Sub-Lethally Irradiated Mice Retain the
Capacity to Repopulate Bone Marrow
[0248] A set of experiments were performed to determine whether
recovered residual HSCs from 2 Gy- or 6.5 Gy-irradiated mice would
be able to repopulate the hematopoietic system.
Materials and Methods
[0249] The methods used to irradiate mice, collect bone marrow,
perform flow cytometry, and determine CFU-Cs and CBCs are described
in Example 1.
HSC and Bone Marrow Transplantation
[0250] Short-term and long-term repopulating ability was assessed
by transplantation of either sorted HSCs or unfractionated whole
bone marrow from donor mice (C56BL/6J CD45.2 congenic) into
lethally irradiated (10 Gy) recipients (B6.SJL-Ptprc.sup.a
Pep3.sup.b/BoyJ CD45.1 congenic) as described in Parmar et al.
(Stem Cells 28:1886-1195, 2010). Donor mice were exposed to 0 Gy-,
2 Gy-, or 6.5 Gy-total body irradiation and allowed to recover for
three months, at which time the animals were sacrificed, and bone
marrow was isolated by flushing, and HSCs were sorted using a FACS
Aria (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif.). For transplants involving
sorted HSCs, a total of 2000 LKS.sup.+ cells from CD45.2.sup.+
donor mice were mixed with 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone marrow support
cells and injected intravenously to a lethally irradiated CD45.1
recipient mouse. For transplants involving unfractionated bone
marrow, a total of 500,000 whole bone marrow cells from
CD45.2.sup.+ donor mice were mixed with 250,000 CD45.1.sup.+ bone
marrow support cells and injected intravenously to lethally an
irradiated CD45.1.sup.+ recipient mouse. Five mice were
transplanted per total body irradiation dose group for the HSC
transplants, while four mice were transplanted per total body
irradiation dose group for the whole bone marrow transplants.
Peripheral blood samples were collected at 1 month and four months
post-transplantation and were used to assess short-term and
long-term repopulation of cells in the recipient mouse,
respectively. Donor cell chimerism in recipients was assessed by
staining peripheral blood with FITC-conjugated anti-CD45.2 (clone
104) and PE-conjugated anti-CD45.1 (clone A20) antibodies. To
measure the extent of multi-lineage reconstitution, the percentage
of donor-derived (CD45.2.sup.+) B-cells, T-cells, and myeloid cells
are calculated by co-staining with PE-conjugated anti-B220 (clone
RA3-6B2), PE-anti-CD3e (clone 145-2C11), and PE-anti-Mac1/anti-Gr1
(clones M1/70 and RB6-8C5), respectively. All antibodies were
obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, Calif.). The stained
samples were analyzed using a LSR Fortessa instrument (Becton
Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, N.J.) and FlowJo software (TreeStar,
Ashland, Oreg.).
Results
[0251] HSC transplantation studies were performed to determine
whether the recovered residual HSCs from 2 Gy- or 6.5 Gy-irradiated
samples would be able to repopulate the hematopoietic system of a
lethally radiated mouse. Specifically, engraftment of HSCs from
CD45.2.sup.+ donor mice (harvested three-months following
irradiation with 2 Gy or 6.5 Gy) were transplanted into lethally
irradiated CD45.1.sup.+ recipient mice, and peripheral blood
chimerism was determined at 1 month and 4 months
post-transplantation (FIGS. 26-29). Donor cell engraftment (total
leukocytes) at 1 month and 4 months post-transplantation showed an
approximate 4-fold decrease in the irradiated recipients
transplanted with sorted HSCs from the 2 Gy-irradiated donors.
Moreover, a 10-20-fold decrease was observed in recipients
transplanted with HSCs from 6.5 Gy-irradiated donor mice as
compared to a control (FIGS. 28 and 29). When multi-lineage
reconstitution of T-cells, B-cells, and myeloid cells was
investigated, a similar defect in peripheral blood chimerism was
observed (FIGS. 30-37). Competitive repopulation assays performed
with unfractionated whole bone marrow showed similar defects in the
chimerism of total leukocytes (FIGS. 28 and 29), and
lineage-restricted cells in peripheral blood (FIGS. 38-40). Taken
together, these data suggest that although most of the HSCs in
sub-lethally-irradiated animals are severely impaired in their
repopulating potential, rare functional HSCs do exist and maintain
the hematopoietic system in sub-lethally-irradiated animals. The
ability of mice exposed to sub-lethal doses of radiation to remain
viable may be due to the reconstitution potential of the residual
functional HSCs.
Example 3. Radiation Dose-Specific Serum miRNAs
[0252] A set of radiation dose-specific serum miRNAs were
identified.
Materials and Methods
Serum Preparation
[0253] Peripheral blood was collected by retro-orbital bleeding
after anesthesia. Up to 200 .mu.t of blood was collected in
DNAse/RNAse-free Eppendorf tubes and incubated at room temperature
for 2 hours to allow clotting. Blood samples were then centrifuged
in an Eppendorf 5415C centrifuge at 14000 RPM (15996 g) for 5
minutes at room temperature. The supernatant was collected and
re-centrifuged at the above conditions to remove any remaining
cellular contamination. The resulting supernatant (serum) was
stored in aliquots at -80.degree. C.
Murine mRNA Profiling
[0254] A miRCURY LNA.TM. Universal RT miRNA PCR Rodent Panel 1
&II kit containing 742 assays was used to profile miRNAs
differentially expressed in mouse serum from animals exposed to 0
Gy (control), 2 Gy, 6.5 Gy, or 8 Gy doses of total body irradiation
(Exiqon, Vedbaek, Denmark). Ten mice were profiled per group for a
total of 40 samples. On average, 339 miRNAs were detected per
sample, with at least 170 miRNAs detected in each samples, and 68
of these miRNAs were identified as being differentially expressed
with a p value below 0.05. The data quality for samples across
different groups was determined by comparing the number of detected
miRNAs with overall Cp values, and was found to be very similar.
Normalization of the data was performed using the global mean of
170 of the most-commonly expressed miRNAs in all samples. The
levels of a set of RNA and DNA spiked-in controls and hemolysis
controls were also determined in order to ascertain the technical
performance of each sample. Spiked-in controls were also used
throughout the study for profiling and validation. RNA spiked-in
controls were also used to test the efficiency of the cDNA
synthesis reaction, while DNA spiked-in controls were also used to
test the efficiency of the qPCR amplification. In order to negate
the possibility of hemolysis, .DELTA.Cp for miR-451 (expressed in
red blood cells) and miR-23a-3p (relatively stable in serum) was
computed for each sample as previously reported (Blondal et al.,
Methods 59:S1-S6, 2013). .DELTA.Cp values lower than 7 suggest
minimal levels of red blood cell contamination.
RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
[0255] Total RNA was isolated from serum samples by using the
miRCURY.TM. RNA Isolation Kit--Biofluids from 50 .mu.L mouse serum
as per the manufacturer's manual. Total RNA was eluted in 50 .mu.L
mouse serum as per the manufacturer's manual. Total RNA was eluted
in 50 .mu.L of RNAse-free H.sub.2O and stored at -80.degree. C. Per
the manufacturer's recommendations, input volumes for serum RNA
were optimized for the cDNA synthesis reaction. cDNA was
synthesized in 10 .mu.L reactions using the Universal cDNA
Synthesis Kit II and was diluted 50-fold in RNAse/DNAse-free
H.sub.2O for use in quantitative PCR. The reagents for RNA
extraction and cDNA synthesis were obtained from Exiqon (Vedbaek,
Denmark).
Quantitative PCR
[0256] Diluted cDNA was subjected to quantitative PCR analysis in
Pick-N-Mix plates designed in a 96-well format. SYBR.RTM. Green
qPCR MasterMix was mixed 1:1 with diluted cDNA and added to
specific wells in pre-designed Pick-N-Mix plates containing
dried-down LNA primers specific for selected miRNAs (see Table 1
for a list of miRNA target sequences). The Pick-N-Mix plates also
contained a number of controls including miR-101a and miR-19b
(normalization controls), UniSp6 (proprietary RNA spiked-in
control), and UniSp3 (proprietary DNA spiked-in control). Built-in
interpolate calibrator (IPC) reactions were used to control for
inter-plate variability. Pick-N-Mix qPCR plates were run on an
Applied Biosystems 7500 FAST Real-Time PCR System. The data were
generally normalized using miR-101a. However, normalization using
miR-19b levels produced similar results. MiR-451 and miR-23a levels
were used to assess the extent of hemolysis. All reagents used for
quantitative PCR were obtained from Exiqon (Vedbaek, Denmark).
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 Target Sequences of Individual miRNAs
Detected in Pick-N-Mix Plates (SEQ ID NOs: 1-18) miRNA Target
Sequence Control miRNA mmu-miR-101a-3p UACAGUACUGUGAUAACUGAA
Control miRNA mmu-miR-19b-3p UGUGCAAAUCCAUGCAAAACUGA RNA Spike-in
UniSp6 Exiqon Proprietary Sequence DNA Spike-in UniSp3 Exiqon
Proprietary Sequence 0 Gy v. 2 Gy Signature mmu-miR-130a-3p
CAGUGCAAUGUUAAAAGGGCAU mmu-miR-142-5p CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU
mmu-miR-150-5p UCUCCCAACCCUUGUACCAGUG mmu-miR-706
AGAGAAACCCUGUCUCAAAAAA mmu-miR-342-3p UCUCACACAGAAAUCGCACCCGU 2Gy
v. 6.5 Gy Signature mmu-miR-34b-3p AAUCACUAACUCCACUGCCAUC
mmu-miR-322-3p AAACAUGAAGCGCUGCAACAC mmu-miR-126-3p
UCGUACCGUGAGUAAUAAUGCG mmu-miR-17-3p ACUGCAGUGAGGGCACUUGUAG
mmu-miR-136-5p ACUCCAUUUGUUUUGAUGAUGG 6.5 Gy v. 8 Gy Signature
mmu-miR-187-3p UCGUGUCUUGUGUUGCAGCCGG mmu-miR-194-5p
UGUAACAGCAACUCCAUGUGGA mmu-miR-27a-3p UUCACAGUGGCUAAGUUCCGC
mmu-miR-29a-3p UAGCACCAUCUGAAAUCGGUUA mmu-miR-30a-3p
CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC mmu-miR-30c-5p UGUAAACAUCCUACACUCUCAGC
Statistical Analysis
[0257] MicroRNA Profiling: Normalization of miRNA serum levels was
performed using 170 commonly expressed miRNAs. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) was used to determine which miRNAs differed significantly
between groups. To adjust for multiple comparisons testing, the
Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied. A threshold of p<0.05
in ANOVA was selected as the level of statistical significance.
MiRNAs with p values of <0.05 in ANOVA was used in
hierarchical-clustering analysis to visualize expression patterns.
Differentially-expressed miRNAs were tested in pairwise comparisons
with a Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted Student's t-test to determine
between-group differences.
[0258] Power Analysis: Power analysis was performed using the
Hierarchical Clustering Explorer 3.5 tool (Seo et al.,
Bioinformatics 22:808-814, 2006). The number of samples was
estimated to be sufficient to provide statistical power of at least
80% needed to obtain a p value of less than 0.01 for differentially
expressed miRNAs with a fold change of 0>1.5 or <0.67 in
between group comparisons. The p value threshold was lowered from
0.05 to account for multi-group post-hoc testing. A sample size of
10 per group was thus calculated to allow us to confirm
statistically significant differences for the top 95 differentially
expressed miRNAs with the predetermined effect sizes. P levels
lower than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results
[0259] Serum miRNAs were profiled in mice 24 hours after exposure
to 0 Gy-, 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-total body irradiation (10 mice
per group). A comparison of expression levels revealed eight miRNAs
that allow for the discrimination between samples from control mice
and samples from irradiated mice (FIG. 41). Signatures pertaining
to specific comparisons between radiation groups are presented in
FIGS. 42-53. All miRNAs represented in the heatmaps were found to
be statistically significant (p<0.05). Significance between the
groups was computed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) corrected
for multiple hypothesis testing.
[0260] Relative to samples from control mice, the samples from mice
irradiated with 2 Gy show a significant drop in complete blood
counts (CBCs) and BM-MNC counts at 24 hours post-irradiation, but
these blood cell values were almost completely restored by 7 days.
However, the HPC and HSC counts remained significantly lower in
samples from 2 Gy-irradiated mice as compared to samples from the
control mice at 7 days (FIGS. 11-25).
[0261] The miRNA profiling data show that five serum miRNAs were
effective in distinguishing between the control or 2 Gy-irradiated
mice 24 hours after radiation exposure (FIGS. 42 and 43).
MiR-130a-3p was increased in the 2 Gy-irradiated mice as compared
to the levels in the control mice, while the levels of miR-150-5p,
miR-142-5p, miR-706, and miR-342-3p were decreased in the 2
Gy-irradiated mice as compared to the levels in the control mice.
This signature was validated using an independent set of animals
that were left untreated or exposed to a total body irradiation
dose of 2 Gy, and the miRNA levels determined in samples collected
from the mice at 24 hours post-irradiation. The serum miRNA pattern
continues to distinguish the control mice from the 2 Gy-irradiated
mice when the samples were collected 7 days after irradiation
(FIGS. 44-48). These data are also consistent with the diminished
numbers of HSCs and HPCs in the 2 Gy-irradiated cohort at 7 days
post-irradiation. As BM-MNC counts a week after radiation exposure
are not significantly different in the control mice and the 2
Gy-irradiated mice, these data suggest that serum miRNA expression
can be used to quantitatively and accurately identify individuals
exposed to 2 Gy radiation.
[0262] A subsequent set of experiments was performed to determine
whether miRNA expression levels can be used to distinguish between
patients that have been exposed to a low sub-lethal or high
sub-lethal doses of radiation. The data show that the levels of
five different miRNAs, miR-136-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-126-3p,
miR-322-3p, and miR-34b-3p, can be used to accurately distinguish
between individuals exposed to a low sub-lethal or high sub-lethal
doses of radiation (FIGS. 49-55).
[0263] Similar to the untreated- and 2 Gy-irradiated mice, analysis
of hematopoietic damage is unable to differentiate between animals
exposed to high sub-lethal (6.5 Gy) irradiation and lethal (8 Gy)
total body irradiation (FIGS. 1 and 5-29). The data in FIGS. 56-58
show that the levels of specific serum miRNAs can also be used to
accurately differentiate between 6.5 Gy- and 8.0 Gy-irradiated mice
by using samples obtained as early as 24 hours after irradiation
(FIGS. 56-58). The levels of miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, and miR-27a-3p
were decreased in the 8 Gy-irradiated mice as compared to the
levels in the 6.5 Gy-irradiated mice, while the levels of miR-30a
and miR-30c were increased in the 8 Gy-irradiated mice as compared
to the levels in the 6.5 Gy-irradiated mice (FIGS. 56-58).
[0264] An additional set of experiments were performed to determine
whether levels of the identified miRNAs can be used to accurately
identify the dose of radiation that mice have been exposed to when
the serum samples are collected at later time points, e.g., 24
hours, three days, and one week after irradiation. In these
experiments, mice were treated to a total body irradiation dose of
6.5 Gy or 8 Gy. Consistent with the above described data, the
levels of serum miRNAs can be used to distinguish between
lethal-versus sub-lethal-doses of radiation (FIGS. 59-63). Serum
levels of miR-30a-3p and miR-30c-5p continued to differentiate
between the 6.5 Gy- and 8.0 Gy-irradiated mice when samples were
collected at three days and seven days post-irradiation (FIGS.
59-63).
[0265] Table 2 shows the fold change in the levels of 68 serum
miRNAs in 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy-irradiated mice as compared to
non-experimentally irradiated mice.
[0266] In sum, these data show that the levels of the different
specific miRNAs described in this Example (in the text or figures)
can be used to determine the level or dose of radiation that a
subject has been exposed to.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2 Fold Changes in 68 Different miRNAs in Mice
Irradiated with 2 Gy-, 6.5 Gy-, or 8 Gy- Total Body Irradiation as
Compared to Untreated Mice Benjamini-Hochberg Fold Change miRNA
Rank Corrected p-value 2 Gy vs 0 Gy 6.5 Gy vs 0 Gy 8 Gy vs 0 Gy
mmu-miR-142-5p 1 6.14552E-10 0.74424399 0.549934615 0.467752484
mmu-miR-150-5p 2 6.41729E-10 0.33485287 0.360400719 0.346659291
mmu-miR-320-3p 3 6.83112E-06 0.96224966 1.187536684 1.32071546
mmu-miR-136-5p 4 8.17096E-06 1.03771902 0.464873503 0.411761228
mmu-miR-33-5p 5 4.8463E-05 1.00605562 0.547886821 0.412110487
mmu-miR-142-3p 6 4.8463E-05 0.91027254 0.578995013 0.512969604
mmu-miR-30c-5p 7 0.000365421 1.04125706 1.124307627 1.374873802
mmu-miR-126-3p 8 0.000365421 0.96088497 1.52362955 1.397680627
mmu-miR-706 9 0.000466025 0.39885132 0.355518689 0.633605238
mmu-miR-375-3p 10 0.000466244 1.23386818 2.136008605 2.283729398
mmu-miR-29a-5p 11 0.000466244 0.88815734 0.965287846 0.709055154
mmu-miR-193a-3p 12 0.000529968 1.16807721 0.648857482 0.436360524
mmu-miR-99b-5p 13 0.000529968 0.99604663 1.343865649 1.512510076
mmu-miR-30a-3p 14 0.001068664 0.98962715 1.062153376 1.586158278
mmu-miR-194-5p 15 0.001068664 0.81191712 0.610441938 0.445697163
mmu-miR-151-3p 16 0.001068664 1.13039179 1.466557685 1.309094574
mmu-let-7d-3p 17 0.001068664 0.97075842 1.220688226 1.202449856
mmu-miR-486-5p 18 0.001406802 1.18781032 1.463315368 2.065511432
mmu-miR-423-5p 19 0.001406802 1.04859246 1.296138995 1.433861551
mmu-miR-30b-5p 20 0.002090685 1.03949322 1.118894183 1.226753205
mmu-miR-191-5p 21 0.002342556 1.13886399 1.431738514 1.633205493
mmu-miR-497-5p 22 0.003354593 0.93721128 0.749399546 0.620269054
mmu-miR-32-5p 23 0.003528045 1.08012807 0.628353232 0.60521677
mmu-miR-214-5p 24 0.003991952 0.7250106 0.703128367 0.472213492
mmu-miR-326-3p 25 0.005363873 1.23852539 0.851291436 0.795937744
mmu-miR-1195 26 0.00547774 0.96775855 1.091070893 1.828845971
mmu-miR-122-5p 27 0.00547774 0.9331905 0.347893687 0.148560227
mmu-miR-1839-3p 28 0.006649678 1.31726438 1.533746054 2.030902658
mmu-miR-500-3p 29 0.007061575 0.98538558 0.798727717 0.576675503
mmu-miR-30e-3p 30 0.00842863 0.99620407 1.118186905 1.447594383
mmu-miR-191-5p 31 0.008475716 1.11075355 1.336579832 1.549260059
mmu-miR-322-3p 32 0.008828838 0.84830107 1.319445753 1.179301198
mmu-miR-709 33 0.012398254 1.17074719 1.283596703 2.015808092
mmu-miR-486-3p 34 0.012398254 1.15572492 1.26343094 2.007373735
mmu-miR-133a-3p 35 0.01300781 0.8577409 1.808599164 2.388619602
mmu-miR-676-3p 36 0.013062937 1.02467973 1.200464931 1.261017633
mmu-miR-744-5p 37 0.013450652 1.11874039 1.206177008 1.300646391
mmu-miR-27a-3p 38 0.013750505 0.897455 0.907534042 0.701532751
mmu-miR-29a-3p 39 0.014568628 0.93057734 0.846667907 0.759548456
mmu-miR-1839-5p 40 0.014568628 1.08694504 1.276875982 1.316700195
mmu-miR-30a-5p 41 0.014568628 1.05482542 1.181824227 1.346126285
mmu-miR-199b-5p 42 0.016705178 0.86410859 0.513797016 0.632615767
mmu-miR-125a-5p 43 0.022628544 0.95885072 1.091894886 1.262232335
mmu-miR-133b-3p 44 0.024815118 0.87153511 1.658615981 2.115999503
mmu-miR-24-3p 45 0.024815118 0.98024783 1.184038592 1.119192515
mmu-miR-21a-5p 46 0.024815118 1.11453515 0.83129145 0.789893731
mmu-miR-503-5p 47 0.024815118 1.17062491 0.805712381 0.783530294
mmu-miR-328-3p 48 0.024815118 1.13325302 1.308132313 1.338479397
mmu-let-7g-5p 49 0.024815118 1.0988627 1.139369002 1.416967729
mmu-miR-362-3p 50 0.024815118 0.88814566 0.804011505 0.662542946
mmu-miR-199a-5p 51 0.025154963 0.90437047 0.601503597 0.631100613
mmu-miR-342-3p 52 0.02747761 0.74026498 1.131865806 1.05831998
mmu-miR-34b-3p 53 0.028987297 0.72634533 1.610402809 1.543163375
mmu-miR-15a-3p 54 0.028987297 1.1168344 0.719823542 0.588058284
mmu-miR-139a-5p 55 0.033183048 0.89176006 1.179771672 1.070031762
mmu-miR-17-3p 56 0.033183048 1.20541903 0.631158748 0.880193062
mmu-miR-130a-3p 57 0.033183048 1.23030213 0.993397276 0.942905848
mmu-miR-149-5p 58 0.033183048 0.91083128 1.293986617 1.527284883
mmu-miR-29b-3p 59 0.033183048 1.02341004 0.816190497 0.738902258
mmu-miR-1a-3p 60 0.035135178 0.70860665 1.329943292 2.129491746
mmu-miR-23b-3p 61 0.036567207 0.96591806 1.179012129 1.113184704
mmu-miR-215-5p 62 0.036567207 0.74514845 0.695719558 0.474670243
mmu-miR-204b-5p 63 0.040650135 0.85603509 1.631185521 1.807800285
mmu-miR-187-3p 64 0.041980065 0.938443632 0.938443632 0.562868937
mmu-miR-200b-5p 65 0.041980065 1.1873809 1.538043311 1.668073737
mmu-miR-25-3p 66 0.041980065 1.0929659 1.170620915 1.537301555
mmu-miR-338-3p 67 0.046950851 1.09509996 0.857254876 0.812354606
mmu-miR-196b-5p 68 0.049109597 1.31602496 1.065034064
0.733581783
Example 4. Serum miRNAs Predict Severity of Radiation Disease
[0267] An experiment was performed to test whether the levels of
the specific miRNAs described in these Examples can be used to
predict the severity of radiation disease in a subject.
Materials and Methods
[0268] Irradiation, serum collection, and miRNA profiling were
performed as described in Example 3.
Radioprotection with Amifostine
[0269] Saline or amifostine was given to mice intraperitoneally at
250 mg/kg body weight 24 hours prior to 0 Gy- or 8 Gy-total body
irradiation in a first set of experiments. In a second set of
experiments, mice were left untreated or mice were administered
saline or 200 mg/kg amifostine 45 minutes prior to 0 Gy- or 8.5
Gy-total body irradiation. Serum was collected from all mice at 24
hours after irradiation or a time point in the non-irradiated mice
that would correspond to 24 hours after irradiation in the treated
mice.
Statistical Analysis
[0270] Validation with real-time qPCR: One-way ANOVA was used to
confirm global significance. Dunnett's post-hoc testing procedure
was used to compare miRNA levels in the irradiated+saline-group
against three other experimental groups. Univariate comparisons
were performed using the Student's t-test or the Student's t-test
for paired samples. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for
correlation testing. Survival analysis was performed using the
log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.
Results
[0271] Cohorts of mice were treated with saline or amifostine
24-hours prior to exposure to 8 Gy-total body irradiation, and sera
were collected 24 hours post-irradiation (FIG. 64). To confirm the
protective effect of amifostine on the survival of the
lethally-irradiated mice, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed on
the same set of animals (FIG. 65). While all mice injected with
saline and irradiated with 8 Gy died at about day 70, animals
administered amifostine prior to 8 Gy-irradiation displayed a 50
percent improvement in survival (n=8 per group; p=0.0452). The sera
collected from these mice at 24 hours after irradiation show that
the levels of miRNAs are significantly altered when comparing the
differences between the groups and when the 8
Gy-irradiated+saline-administered group was compared to the other
three groups (Table 3). The serum miRNA signature responded to
amifostine treatment only in the context of lethal radiation (FIGS.
66-70). The degree of change in response to radiation and
amifostine was however of different magnitude for each miRNA.
MiR-194-5p and miR-30a-3p displayed the most dramatic alterations,
while miR-187-3p, miR-27a, and miR-30c-3p showed more moderate
changes (FIGS. 66-70). The analysis in FIG. 71 shows a very high
correlation (r=0.94; p=0.02) indicates that the five miRNAs
(miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p)
can serve as markers of risk of poor prognosis from radiation
exposure (e.g., risk of mortality from radiation exposure) and
markers of risk of developing radiation disease.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 Statistical Comparison of the Saline Treated
and 8 Gy- Irradiated Mice Data to the Other Experimental Groups
miRNA CT + Saline CT + Ami 8 Gy + Ami miR-187-3p IR 0.0085 0.0266
0.0360 miR-194-5p IR <0.0001 <0.0001 0.0001 miR-30a-3p IR
<0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 miR-27a-3p IR 0.0066 0.0048 0.0108
miR-30c-5p IR 0.0001 0.0002 0.0414
[0272] An additional set of experiments was performed to test
whether the levels of miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-30a-3p,
miR-27a-3p, and miR-30c-5p can be used to predict a subject's
future risk of developing radiation disease. In these experiments,
mice where either left untreated or were administered saline or 200
mg/kg amifostine 45 minutes prior to 0 Gy- or 8 Gy-irradiation.
[0273] The data show that mice administered 200 mg/kg amifostine 45
minutes prior to 8.5-Gy-total body irradiation had prolonged
survival than mice who received saline 45 minutes prior to 8.5
Gy-total body irradiation (FIG. 72). The data show a significant
difference in the levels of miR-187-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p,
miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p in mice administered saline and 45
minutes later treated with 8.5 Gy-total body irradiation as
compared to mice administered amifostine and 45 minutes later
treated with 8.5 Gy-total body irradiation (FIGS. 73-77,
respectively). These data indicate that the levels of miR-187-3p,
miR-194-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30c-5p can be used to
determine a subject's risk of poor prognosis from radiation
exposure and can also be used to predict a subject's risk of
subsequently developing radiation disease.
Example 5. Serum miRNAs can Indicate Effective Treatment of
Radiation Disease
[0274] An additional set of experiments was performed to determine
whether levels of miRNAs can indicate effective treatment in a
subject previously exposed to total body irradiation.
Materials and Methods
[0275] Irradiation, serum collection, and miRNA profiling were
performed as described in Example 3.
Treatment with Bone Marrow Transplantation after Irradiation
[0276] In this set of experiments, C57BL/6J mice were left
untreated (n=5), were treated with 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation
and left untreated (n=5), or were treated with 10.4 Gy-total body
irradiation and administered two doses of 2 million bone marrow
stromal cells (BMASC) per mouse at 24 hours and 72 hours after
irradiation (n=5).
Results
[0277] The data show that mice administered two doses of 2 million
bone marrow stromal cells after 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation had
prolonged survival than mice who did not receive bone marrow
stromal cells after 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation (FIG. 78). The
data show a significant difference in the levels of miR-150,
miR-27a, miR-30a, miR-30c, miR-187-3p, and miR-194-3p in mice that
received 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation and no bone marrow stromal
cells as compared to mice that received two transplants of bone
marrow stromal cells after 10.4 Gy-total body irradiation (FIGS.
79-84, respectively). These data show that the levels of miR-150,
miR-27a, miR-30a, miR-30c, miR-187-3p, and miR-194-3p can be used
to determine the efficacy of a treatment for reducing
radiation-induced damage administered to a subject previously
exposed to a significant level of radiation.
Example 6. Validation of Serum miRNA Signature in Humanized
Mice
[0278] A set of experiments was performed to verify if the same
miRNA(s) could be used to determine a human's level of exposure to
radiation. These experiments utilized a humanized mouse model.
Materials and Methods
[0279] Irradiation, serum collection, and miRNA profiling were
performed as described in Example 3.
[0280] HuCD34.sup.+"humanized" NSG mice were obtained from Jackson
Labs, Bar Harbor, ME. These mice were generated by irradiating each
mouse at 1.4 Gy to deplete their bone marrow and injecting each
mouse with CD34.sup.+ human HSC. Each mouse was tested for
engraftment of human CD45.sup.+ cells and murine CD45.sup.+ cells
at 12 weeks following transplantation. Prior to the experiments
described herein, the presence of human CD45.sup.+ cells was
confirmed in the peripheral blood and bone marrow from untreated
control mice using an anti-human CD45 FITC antibody.
[0281] The HuCD34.sup.+ mice were treated with saline or amifostine
(200 mg/kg of body weight 45 min-1 hr before radiation exposure)
and were subsequently treated with 4 Gy to 4.5 Gy of total body
irradiation, or were left untreated. Following these treatments,
total bone cellularity and the levels of serum miRNAs were
determined in the mice. Both CD45 staining of peripheral blood and
engraftment analysis of bone marrow was performed when animals
became moribund (between 9-14 days after total body radiation) and
were sacrificed. The mice were irradiated at approximately 12 weeks
after initial assessment of engraftment.
Results
[0282] The initial engraftment percentages of human CD45.sup.+
cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow were determined
(prior to administration of saline or amifostine, and prior to
experimental irradiation). The percentage of human CD45.sup.+ cells
in the bone marrow of two exemplary untreated control humanized
mice was 71.8% and 63% respectively, and the percentage of human
CD45.sup.+ cells in the peripheral blood of two exemplary untreated
control humanized mice was 83.2% and 70.6%, respectively.
[0283] The humanized mice were treated with saline or amifostine,
and subsequently treated with 4.0 Gy to 4.5 Gy of total body
irradiation, or were left untreated (control group). The percentage
of human CD45 positive cell engraftment, the percentage of human
CD45 positive cells in the peripheral blood, the bone marrow
cellularity, the human CD45 positive cell number, and the CFU-Cs
were determined in each mouse, and the levels of six serum miRNAs
were also determined. The percentage of human CD45 positive cell
engraftment and the percentage of human CD45 positive cells in the
peripheral blood of the mice are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4 Percentage of Human CD45 Positive Cell
Engraftment in Human CD34-positive NSG Humanized Mice % hCD45+
engraftment Mouse # in mouse peripheral blood Treatment 1 75.2 TBI
+ Saline 2 49.8 TBI + Saline 3 52.1 TBI + Saline 4 60.2 TBI +
Saline 5 50.9 TBI + Saline 6 65 TBI + Saline 7 55.8 TBI + Saline 8
58.2 TBI + Amifostine 9 52.5 TBI + Amifostine 10 62.1 TBI +
Amifostine 11 74.3 TBI + Amifostine 12 67.5 TBI + Amifostine 13
52.1 TBI + Amifostine 14 49.6 TBI + Amifostine 15 61.4 TBI +
Amifostine 16 51.8 Control 17 50.8 Control 18 55.9 Control 19 58.8
Control 20 65.8 Control
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 5 Peripheral Blood CBC Levels in Human
CD34-positive NSG Humanized Mice CBC at euthanesia Group Mouse #
WBC (K/uL) RBC (M/uL) Hb (g/dL) HCT (%) PLT (K/uL) TBI + 2 1.20
0.24 1.90 1.60 20 Saline 5 1.30 0.19 2.80 1.20 4 7 0.56 1.64 2.80
3.00 88 Avg 1.02 0.69 2.50 1.93 37.33 SEM 0.23 0.48 0.30 0.55 25.75
TBI + 8 1.28 2.55 4.80 17.00 213 Amifostine 9 1.19 1.65 3.20 11.00
44 13 1.20 2.92 4.80 4.80 56 Avg 1.22 2.37 4.27 10.93 104.33 SEM
0.03 0.38 0.53 3.52 54.44 Control 16 1.20 4.75 11.00 38.50 345 17
1.32 5.35 10.50 39.60 609 18 2.16 5.66 12.40 42.20 686 19 1.77 5.89
11.60 45.30 645 20 1.44 5.41 10.70 40.60 577 Avg 1.58 5.41 11.24
41.24 572.40 SEM 0.17 0.19 0.34 1.18 59.69
[0284] The data in FIGS. 85-87 show that treatment of the humanized
mice with amifostine prior to irradiation results in an increase in
the total bone marrow cellularity, the number of human CD45
positive cells in the bone marrow, and the number of CFU-Cs as
compared to the corresponding levels in a mouse administered saline
prior to irradiation.
[0285] The data in FIGS. 88-93 show that several miRNAs show a
similar change in serum levels in response to irradiation. These
data indicate that the levels of the miRNAs described herein can be
used to determine a human's level of exposure to radiation and the
effectiveness of a treatment administered to a subject exposed to
radiation.
OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0286] It is to be understood that while the invention has been
described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the
foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the
scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the
appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are
within the scope of the following claims.
Sequence CWU 1
1
274121RNAMus musculus 1uacaguacug ugauaacuga a 21223RNAMus musculus
2ugugcaaauc caugcaaaac uga 23322RNAMus musculus 3cagugcaaug
uuaaaagggc au 22421RNAMus musculus 4cauaaaguag aaagcacuac u
21522RNAMus musculus 5ucucccaacc cuuguaccag ug 22622RNAMus musculus
6agagaaaccc ugucucaaaa aa 22723RNAMus musculus 7ucucacacag
aaaucgcacc cgu 23822RNAMus musculus 8aaucacuaac uccacugcca uc
22921RNAMus musculus 9aaacaugaag cgcugcaaca c 211022RNAMus musculus
10ucguaccgug aguaauaaug cg 221122RNAMus musculus 11acugcaguga
gggcacuugu ag 221222RNAMus musculus 12acuccauuug uuuugaugau gg
221322RNAMus musculus 13ucgugucuug uguugcagcc gg 221422RNAMus
musculus 14uguaacagca acuccaugug ga 221521RNAMus musculus
15uucacagugg cuaaguuccg c 211622RNAMus musculus 16uagcaccauc
ugaaaucggu ua 221722RNAMus musculus 17cuuucagucg gauguuugca gc
221823RNAMus musculus 18uguaaacauc cuacacucuc agc 231922RNAMus
musculus 19cagugcaaug uuaaaagggc au 222022RNAMus musculus
20ucucccaacc cuuguaccag ug 222122RNAMus musculus 21acugcaguga
gggcacuugu ag 222222RNAMus musculus 22ucgugucuug uguugcagcc gg
222322RNAMus musculus 23uguaacagca acuccaugug ga 222421RNAMus
musculus 24uucacagugg cuaaguuccg c 212522RNAMus musculus
25cuuucagucg gauguuugca gc 222623RNAMus musculus 26uguaaacauc
cuacacucuc agc 232721RNAMus musculus 27cauaaaguag aaagcacuac u
212823RNAMus musculus 28ucucacacag aaaucgcacc cgu 232922RNAMus
musculus 29aaucacuaac uccacugcca uc 223022RNAMus musculus
30ucguaccgug aguaauaaug cg 223122RNAMus musculus 31aaaagcuggg
uugagagggc ga 223222RNAMus musculus 32acuccauuug uuuugaugau gg
223321RNAMus musculus 33gugcauugua guugcauugc a 213423RNAMus
musculus 34uguaguguuu ccuacuuuau gga 233522RNAMus musculus
35agagaaaccc ugucucaaaa aa 223622RNAMus musculus 36uuuguucguu
cggcucgcgu ga 223722RNAMus musculus 37acugauuucu uuugguguuc ag
223822RNAMus musculus 38aacuggccua caaaguccca gu 223922RNAMus
musculus 39cacccguaga accgaccuug cg 224021RNAMus musculus
40cuagacugag gcuccuugag g 214122RNAMus musculus 41cuauacgacc
ugcugccuuu cu 224222RNAMus musculus 42uccuguacug agcugccccg ag
224323RNAMus musculus 43ugaggggcag agagcgagac uuu 234422RNAMus
musculus 44uguaaacauc cuacacucag cu 224523RNAMus musculus
45caacggaauc ccaaaagcag cug 234622RNAMus musculus 46cagcagcaca
cugugguuug ua 224722RNAMus musculus 47uauugcacau uacuaaguug ca
224822RNAMus musculus 48ugccugucua cacuugcugu gc 224921RNAMus
musculus 49ccucugggcc cuuccuccag u 215023RNAMus musculus
50ugaguucgag gccagccugc uca 235122RNAMus musculus 51uggaguguga
caaugguguu ug 225223RNAMus musculus 52agaccuacuu aucuaccaac agc
235322RNAMus musculus 53aaugcaccug ggcaaggguu ca 225422RNAMus
musculus 54cuuucagucg gauguuuaca gc 225521RNAMus musculus
55aaacaugaag cgcugcaaca c 215619RNAMus musculus 56ggaggcagag
gcaggagga 195721RNAMus musculus 57cggggcagcu caguacagga u
215822RNAMus musculus 58uuuggucccc uucaaccagc ug 225921RNAMus
musculus 59ccguccugag guuguugagc u 216022RNAMus musculus
60ugcggggcua gggcuaacag ca 226122RNAMus musculus 61uagcaccauc
ugaaaucggu ua 226222RNAMus musculus 62aagguagaua gaacaggucu ug
226322RNAMus musculus 63uguaaacauc cucgacugga ag 226423RNAMus
musculus 64cccaguguuu agacuaccug uuc 236524RNAMus musculus
65ucccugagac ccuuuaaccu guga 246622RNAMus musculus 66uuuggucccc
uucaaccagc ua 226722RNAMus musculus 67uggcucaguu cagcaggaac ag
226822RNAMus musculus 68uagcuuauca gacugauguu ga 226923RNAMus
musculus 69uagcagcggg aacaguacug cag 237022RNAMus musculus
70cuggcccucu cugcccuucc gu 227122RNAMus musculus 71ugagguagua
guuuguacag uu 227222RNAMus musculus 72aacacaccug uucaaggauu ca
227323RNAMus musculus 73cccaguguuc agacuaccug uuc 237422RNAMus
musculus 74caggccauac ugugcugccu ca 227522RNAMus musculus
75ucuacagugc acgugucucc ag 227623RNAMus musculus 76ucuggcuccg
ugucuucacu ccc 237723RNAMus musculus 77uagcaccauu ugaaaucagu guu
237822RNAMus musculus 78uggaauguaa agaaguaugu au 227921RNAMus
musculus 79aucacauugc cagggauuac c 218021RNAMus musculus
80augaccuaug auuugacaga c 218122RNAMus musculus 81uucccuuugu
cauccuaugc cu 228222RNAMus musculus 82caucuuacug ggcagcauug ga
228322RNAMus musculus 83cauugcacuu gucucggucu ga 228422RNAMus
musculus 84uccagcauca gugauuuugu ug 228522RNAMus musculus
85uagguaguuu ccuguuguug gg 228622RNAHomo sapiens 86cagugcaaug
uuaaaagggc au 228722DNAMus musculus 87cagtgcaatg ttaaaagggc at
228822DNAHomo sapiens 88cagtgcaatg ttaaaagggc at 228922RNAHomo
sapiens 89ucucccaacc cuuguaccag ug 229022DNAMus musculus
90tctcccaacc cttgtaccag tg 229122DNAHomo sapiens 91tctcccaacc
cttgtaccag tg 229222RNAHomo sapiens 92acugcaguga aggcacuugu ag
229322DNAMus musculus 93actgcagtga gggcacttgt ag 229422DNAHomo
sapiens 94actgcagtga aggcacttgt ag 229522RNAHomo sapiens
95ucgugucuug uguugcagcc gg 229622DNAMus musculus 96tcgtgtcttg
tgttgcagcc gg 229722DNAHomo sapiens 97tcgtgtcttg tgttgcagcc gg
229822RNAHomo sapiens 98uguaacagca acuccaugug ga 229922DNAMus
musculus 99tgtaacagca actccatgtg ga 2210022DNAHomo sapiens
100tgtaacagca actccatgtg ga 2210121RNAHomo sapiens 101uucacagugg
cuaaguuccg c 2110221DNAMus musculus 102ttcacagtgg ctaagttccg c
2110321DNAHomo sapiens 103ttcacagtgg ctaagttccg c 2110422RNAHomo
sapiens 104cuuucagucg gauguuugca gc 2210522DNAMus musculus
105ctttcagtcg gatgtttgca gc 2210622DNAHomo sapiens 106ctttcagtcg
gatgtttgca gc 2210723RNAHomo sapiens 107uguaaacauc cuacacucuc agc
2310823DNAMus musculus 108tgtaaacatc ctacactctc agc 2310923DNAHomo
sapiens 109tgtaaacatc ctacactctc agc 2311021RNAHomo sapiens
110cauaaaguag aaagcacuac u 2111121DNAMus musculus 111cataaagtag
aaagcactac t 2111221DNAHomo sapiens 112cataaagtag aaagcactac t
2111323RNAHomo sapiens 113ucucacacag aaaucgcacc cgu 2311423DNAMus
musculus 114tctcacacag aaatcgcacc cgt 2311523DNAHomo sapiens
115tctcacacag aaatcgcacc cgt 2311622RNAHomo sapiens 116caaucacuaa
cuccacugcc au 2211721DNAMus musculus 117aatcactaac tccactgcca t
2111821DNAHomo sapiens 118aatcactaac tccactgcca t 2111922RNAHomo
sapiens 119ucguaccgug aguaauaaug cg 2212022DNAMus musculus
120tcgtaccgtg agtaataatg cg 2212122DNAHomo sapiens 121tcgtaccgtg
agtaataatg cg 2212222RNAHomo sapiens 122aaaagcuggg uugagagggc ga
2212322DNAMus musculus 123aaaagctggg ttgagagggc ga 2212422DNAHomo
sapiens 124aaaagctggg ttgagagggc ga 2212523RNAHomo sapiens
125acuccauuug uuuugaugau gga 2312622DNAMus musculus 126actccatttg
ttttgatgat gg 2212722DNAHomo sapiens 127actccatttg ttttgatgat gg
2212821RNAHomo sapiens 128gugcauugua guugcauugc a 2112921DNAMus
musculus 129gtgcattgta gttgcattgc a 2113021DNAHomo sapiens
130gtgcattgta gttgcattgc a 2113123RNAHomo sapiens 131uguaguguuu
ccuacuuuau gga 2313223DNAMus musculus 132tgtagtgttt cctactttat gga
2313323DNAHomo sapiens 133tgtagtgttt cctactttat gga 2313422RNAHomo
sapiens 134uuuguucguu cggcucgcgu ga 2213522DNAMus musculus
135tttgttcgtt cggctcgcgt ga 2213622DNAHomo sapiens 136tttgttcgtt
cggctcgcgt ga 2213722RNAHomo sapiens 137acugauuucu uuugguguuc ag
2213822DNAMus musculus 138actgatttct tttggtgttc ag 2213922DNAHomo
sapiens 139actgatttct tttggtgttc ag 2214022RNAHomo sapiens
140aacuggccua caaaguccca gu 2214122DNAMus musculus 141aactggccta
caaagtccca gt 2214222DNAHomo sapiens 142aactggccta caaagtccca gt
2214322RNAHomo sapiens 143cacccguaga accgaccuug cg 2214422DNAMus
musculus 144cacccgtaga accgaccttg cg 2214522DNAHomo sapiens
145cacccgtaga accgaccttg cg 2214621RNAHomo sapiens 146cuagacugaa
gcuccuugag g 2114721DNAMus musculus 147ctagactgag gctccttgag g
2114821DNAHomo sapiens 148ctagactgaa gctccttgag g 2114922RNAHomo
sapiens 149cuauacgacc ugcugccuuu cu 2215022DNAMus musculus
150ctatacgacc tgctgccttt ct 2215122DNAHomo sapiens 151ctatacgacc
tgctgccttt ct 2215222RNAHomo sapiens 152uccuguacug agcugccccg ag
2215322DNAMus musculus 153tcctgtactg agctgccccg ag 2215422DNAHomo
sapiens 154tcctgtactg agctgccccg ag 2215523RNAHomo sapiens
155ugaggggcag agagcgagac uuu 2315623DNAMus musculus 156tgaggggcag
agagcgagac ttt 2315723DNAHomo sapiens 157tgaggggcag agagcgagac ttt
2315822RNAHomo sapiens 158uguaaacauc cuacacucag cu 2215922DNAMus
musculus 159tgtaaacatc ctacactcag ct 2216022DNAHomo sapiens
160tgtaaacatc ctacactcag ct 2216123RNAHomo sapiens 161caacggaauc
ccaaaagcag cug 2316223DNAMus musculus 162caacggaatc ccaaaagcag ctg
2316323DNAHomo sapiens 163caacggaatc ccaaaagcag ctg 2316421RNAHomo
sapiens 164cagcagcaca cugugguuug u 2116521DNAMus musculus
165cagcagcaca ctgtggtttg t 2116621DNAHomo sapiens 166cagcagcaca
ctgtggtttg t 2116722RNAHomo sapiens 167uauugcacau uacuaaguug ca
2216822DNAMus musculus 168tattgcacat tactaagttg ca 2216922DNAHomo
sapiens 169tattgcacat tactaagttg ca 2217022RNAHomo sapiens
170ugccugucua cacuugcugu gc 2217122DNAMus musculus 171tgcctgtcta
cacttgctgt gc 2217222DNAHomo sapiens 172tgcctgtcta cacttgctgt gc
2217320RNAHomo sapiens 173ccucugggcc cuuccuccag 2017420DNAMus
musculus 174cctctgggcc cttcctccag 2017520DNAHomo sapiens
175cctctgggcc cttcctccag 2017622RNAHomo sapiens 176uggaguguga
caaugguguu ug 2217722DNAMus musculus 177tggagtgtga caatggtgtt tg
2217822DNAHomo sapiens 178tggagtgtga caatggtgtt tg 2217922RNAHomo
sapiens 179aaugcaccug ggcaaggauu ca 2218022DNAMus musculus
180aatgcacctg ggcaagggtt ca 2218122DNAHomo sapiens 181aatgcacctg
ggcaaggatt ca 2218222RNAHomo sapiens 182cuuucagucg gauguuuaca gc
2218322DNAMus musculus 183ctttcagtcg gatgtttaca gc 2218422DNAHomo
sapiens 184ctttcagtcg gatgtttaca gc 2218521RNAHomo sapiens
185aaacaugaag cgcugcaaca c 2118616DNAMus musculus 186aaacatgaag
cgctgc 1618716DNAHomo sapiens 187aaacgtgagg cgctgc 1618820RNAHomo
sapiens 188gaggcagaag caggaugaca 2018915RNAMus musculus
189gaggcagagg cagga
1519015RNAHomo sapiens 190gaggcagaag cagga 1519121RNAHomo sapiens
191cggggcagcu caguacagga u 2119221DNAMus musculus 192cggggcagct
cagtacagga t 2119321DNAHomo sapiens 193cggggcagct cagtacagga t
2119422RNAHomo sapiens 194uuuggucccc uucaaccagc ug 2219522DNAMus
musculus 195tttggtcccc ttcaaccagc tg 2219622DNAHomo sapiens
196tttggtcccc ttcaaccagc tg 2219721RNAHomo sapiens 197cuguccuaag
guuguugagu u 2119817DNAMus musculus 198gtcctgaggt tgttgag
1719917DNAHomo sapiens 199gtcctaaggt tgttgag 1720022RNAHomo sapiens
200ugcggggcua gggcuaacag ca 2220122DNAMus musculus 201tgcggggcta
gggctaacag ca 2220222DNAHomo sapiens 202tgcggggcta gggctaacag ca
2220322RNAHomo sapiens 203uagcaccauc ugaaaucggu ua 2220422DNAMus
musculus 204tagcaccatc tgaaatcggt ta 2220522DNAHomo sapiens
205tagcaccatc tgaaatcggt ta 2220622RNAHomo sapiens 206uguaaacauc
cucgacugga ag 2220722DNAMus musculus 207tgtaaacatc ctcgactgga ag
2220822DNAHomo sapiens 208tgtaaacatc ctcgactgga ag 2220923RNAHomo
sapiens 209cccaguguuu agacuaucug uuc 2321023DNAMus musculus
210cccagtgttt agactacctg ttc 2321123DNAHomo sapiens 211cccagtgttt
agactatctg ttc 2321224RNAHomo sapiens 212ucccugagac ccuuuaaccu guga
2421324DNAHomo sapiens 213tccctgagac cctttaacct gtga 2421424DNAMus
musculus 214tccctgagac cctttaacct gtga 2421522RNAHomo sapiens
215uuuggucccc uucaaccagc ua 2221622DNAMus musculus 216tttggtcccc
ttcaaccagc ta 2221722DNAHomo sapiens 217tttggtcccc ttcaaccagc ta
2221822RNAHomo sapiens 218uggcucaguu cagcaggaac ag 2221922DNAMus
musculus 219tggctcagtt cagcaggaac ag 2222022DNAHomo sapiens
220tggctcagtt cagcaggaac ag 2222122RNAHomo sapiens 221uagcuuauca
gacugauguu ga 2222222DNAMus musculus 222tagcttatca gactgatgtt ga
2222322DNAHomo sapiens 223tagcttatca gactgatgtt ga 2222423RNAHomo
sapiens 224uagcagcggg aacaguucug cag 2322523DNAMus musculus
225tagcagcggg aacagtactg cag 2322623DNAHomo sapiens 226tagcagcggg
aacagttctg cag 2322722RNAHomo sapiens 227cuggcccucu cugcccuucc gu
2222822DNAMus musculus 228ctggccctct ctgcccttcc gt 2222922DNAHomo
sapiens 229ctggccctct ctgcccttcc gt 2223022RNAHomo sapiens
230ugagguagua guuuguacag uu 2223122DNAMus musculus 231tgaggtagta
gtttgtacag tt 2223222DNAHomo sapiens 232tgaggtagta gtttgtagag tt
2223322RNAHomo sapiens 233aacacaccua uucaaggauu ca 2223422DNAMus
musculus 234aacacacctg ttcaaggatt ca 2223522DNAHomo sapiens
235aacacaccta ttcaaggatt ca 2223623RNAHomo sapiens 236cccaguguuc
agacuaccug uuc 2323723DNAMus musculus 237cccagtgttc agactacctg ttc
2323823DNAHomo sapiens 238cccagtgttc agactacctg ttc 2323922RNAHomo
sapiens 239caggccauau ugugcugccu ca 2224022DNAMus musculus
240caggccatac tgtgctgcct ca 2224122DNAHomo sapiens 241caggccatat
tgtgctgcct ca 2224223RNAHomo sapiens 242ucuacagugc acgugucucc agu
2324322DNAMus musculus 243tctacagtgc acgtgtctcc ag 2224422DNAHomo
sapiens 244tctacagtgc acgtgtctcc ag 2224523RNAHomo sapiens
245ucuggcuccg ugucuucacu ccc 2324623DNAMus musculus 246tctggctccg
tgtcttcact ccc 2324723DNAHomo sapiens 247tctggctccg tgtcttcact ccc
2324823RNAHomo sapiens 248uagcaccauu ugaaaucagu guu 2324923DNAMus
musculus 249tagcaccatt tgaaatcagt gtt 2325023DNAHomo sapiens
250tagcaccatt tgaaatcagt gtt 2325122RNAHomo sapiens 251uggaauguaa
agaaguaugu au 2225222DNAMus musculus 252tggaatgtaa agaagtatgt at
2225322DNAHomo sapiens 253tggaatgtaa agaagtatgt at 2225421RNAHomo
sapiens 254aucacauugc cagggauuac c 2125521DNAMus musculus
255atcacattgc cagggattac c 2125621DNAHomo sapiens 256atcacattgc
cagggattac c 2125721RNAHomo sapiens 257augaccuaug aauugacaga c
2125821DNAMus musculus 258atgacctatg atttgacaga c 2125921DNAHomo
sapiens 259atgacctatg aattgacaga c 2126022RNAHomo sapiens
260uucccuuugu cauccuaugc cu 2226122DNAMus musculus 261ttccctttgt
catcctatgc ct 2226222DNAHomo sapiens 262ttccctttgt catcctatgc ct
2226322RNAHomo sapiens 263caucuuacug ggcagcauug ga 2226422DNAMus
musculus 264catcttactg ggcagcattg ga 2226522DNAHomo sapiens
265catcttactg ggcagcattg ga 2226622RNAHomo sapiens 266cauugcacuu
gucucggucu ga 2226722DNAMus musculus 267cattgcactt gtctcggtct ga
2226822DNAHomo sapiens 268cattgcactt gtctcggtct ga 2226922RNAHomo
sapiens 269uccagcauca gugauuuugu ug 2227022DNAMus musculus
270tccagcatca gtgattttgt tg 2227122DNAHomo sapiens 271tccagcatca
gtgattttgt tg 2227222RNAHomo sapiens 272uagguaguuu ccuguuguug gg
2227322DNAMus musculus 273taggtagttt cctgttgttg gg 2227422DNAHomo
sapiens 274taggtagttt cctgttgttg gg 22
* * * * *