U.S. patent application number 16/934716 was filed with the patent office on 2021-01-28 for systems and methods for laying underground fiber optic cable.
The applicant listed for this patent is Facebook, Inc.. Invention is credited to Hamidreza Bolandhemmat, Hamid Hemmati.
Application Number | 20210025128 16/934716 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000004986024 |
Filed Date | 2021-01-28 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20210025128 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hemmati; Hamid ; et
al. |
January 28, 2021 |
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND FIBER OPTIC CABLE
Abstract
The disclosed systems for laying underground fiber optic cable
may include a drive body, at least one rotational motor, a forward
auger element rotatably coupled to the drive body and positioned to
be rotated by the at least one rotational motor in a first
rotational direction, and a rear auger element rotatably coupled to
the drive body and positioned to be rotated by the at least one
rotational motor in a second, opposite rotational direction.
Various other systems, methods, and devices are also disclosed.
Inventors: |
Hemmati; Hamid; (Los
Angeles, CA) ; Bolandhemmat; Hamidreza; (Los Angeles,
CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Facebook, Inc. |
Menlo Park |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004986024 |
Appl. No.: |
16/934716 |
Filed: |
July 21, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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62878152 |
Jul 24, 2019 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02B 6/504 20130101;
E02F 5/145 20130101; E02F 5/04 20130101; H02G 9/00 20130101; E21B
7/04 20130101; G02B 6/54 20130101; E02F 3/06 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E02F 5/04 20060101
E02F005/04; H02G 9/00 20060101 H02G009/00; E02F 5/14 20060101
E02F005/14; E02F 3/06 20060101 E02F003/06; G02B 6/54 20060101
G02B006/54; G02B 6/50 20060101 G02B006/50 |
Claims
1. A system for laying underground fiber optic cable, the system
comprising: a drive body; at least one rotational motor; a forward
auger element rotatably coupled to the drive body and positioned to
be rotated by the at least one rotational motor in a first
rotational direction; a rear auger element rotatably coupled to the
drive body and positioned to be rotated by the at least one
rotational motor in a second, opposite rotational direction; and a
steering mechanism comprising at least one rudder extending
radially outward from the drive body, wherein the drive body is
positioned centrally between the forward auger element and the rear
auger element and the at least one rotational motor is positioned
within the drive body.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rotational motor
comprises: a first rotational motor positioned to rotate the
forward auger element in the first rotational direction; and a
second rotational motor positioned to rotate the rear auger element
in the second, opposite rotational direction.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the drive body comprises a
flexible junction positioned between the first rotational motor and
the second rotational motor.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a steering mechanism
configured to reorient a direction of underground movement of the
system.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rudder has at
least one of the following shapes: planar rectangular; or
curved.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising an object sensor
positioned and configured to sense obstructions in soil in front of
the system.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the object sensor comprises at
least one of: a gamma ray sensor; or a sonar sensor.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fiber spool mounted
on or in the rear auger element, wherein the fiber spool is
configured to release fiber optic cable behind the system as the
system proceeds underground.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a battery power source
positioned within at least one of: the drive body; the forward
auger element; or the rear auger element.
10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a communication
interface configured to enable electronic communication between the
system and a remote operator.
11. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one position
and orientation sensor configured to determine a position and
orientation of the system.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the system is configured to
autonomously proceed underground from a starting point to an input
end point.
13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a flexible conduit
spool mounted on or in the rear auger element, wherein the flexible
conduit spool is configured to release inflatable flexible conduit
behind the system as the system proceeds underground.
14. A system for laying underground fiber optic cable, the system
comprising: an underground drilling device, comprising: a central
drive body housing at least one motor; a forward auger element
positioned to be rotated by the at least one motor in a first
rotational direction relative to the central drive body; a rear
auger element positioned to be rotated by the at least one motor in
a second, opposite rotational direction relative to the central
drive body; and a steering mechanism comprising at least one rudder
extending radially outward from the drive body; and an aboveground
sensor device, comprising: a ground-penetrating object sensor
configured to sense obstructions in soil in front of the
underground drilling device, wherein the aboveground sensor device
is in communication with the underground drilling device and the
underground drilling device is configured to steer around
obstructions identified by the aboveground sensor device.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the aboveground sensor device
comprises a mobile vehicle configured to move over a surface of the
soil.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the mobile vehicle comprises an
unmanned mobile vehicle.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the aboveground sensor device
is in wired communication with the underground drilling device.
18. A method of laying underground fiber optic cable, the method
comprising: rotating, with at least one motor positioned within a
central drive body, a forward auger element of an underground
drilling device in a first rotational direction relative to the
central drive body; rotating, with the at least one motor
positioned within a central drive body, a rear auger element of the
underground drilling device in a second, opposite rotational
direction relative to the central drive body; steering the
underground drilling device with at least one rudder extending
radially outward from the central drive body; and releasing at
least one of fiber optic cable or flexible conduit into soil behind
the rear auger element.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: sensing at least
one obstruction in soil in front of the forward auger element.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensing of the at least one
obstruction is performed by an object sensor on an aboveground
sensor device.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 62/878,152, titled "SYSTEMS FOR LAYING
UNDERGROUND FIBER OPTIC CABLE," filed Jul. 24, 2019, the entire
disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0002] The accompanying drawings illustrate a number of example
embodiments and are a part of the specification. Together with the
following description, these drawings demonstrate and explain
various principles of the present disclosure.
[0003] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a system for laying
underground fiber optic cable, according to at least one embodiment
of the present disclosure.
[0004] FIG. 2 is a side view of a system for laying underground
fiber optic cable, according to at least one additional embodiment
of the present disclosure.
[0005] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the system
of FIG. 2.
[0006] FIG. 4 is a rear cross-sectional perspective view of a
portion of the system of FIG. 2.
[0007] FIG. 5 is a front cross-sectional perspective view of a
portion of the system of FIG. 2.
[0008] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a system for laying
underground fiber optic cable, according to at least one further
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0009] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of a system for laying
underground fiber optic cable, according to at least one more
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0010] FIG. 8 is a side view of a system for laying underground
fiber optic cable, according to at least one additional embodiment
of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of a spool section of
a system for laying underground fiber optic cable, according to at
least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 10 is a side view of a system in use laying underground
fiber optic cable, according to at least one embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of laying
underground fiber optic cable, according to at least one embodiment
of the present disclosure.
[0014] While the example embodiments described herein and in the
drawings are susceptible to various modifications and alternative
forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in
the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, the
example embodiments described herein are not intended to be limited
to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the present disclosure
covers all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling
within this disclosure. The drawings are not necessarily to scale
and may be considered schematic representations of the embodiments
described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
[0015] As the demand for electronic communications grows, improved
communication infrastructure is required to meet demand. Optical
fibers conventionally provide high-speed and generally reliable
electronic communication. Fiber optic cables may be positioned
above-ground, such as via utility poles. However, utility poles and
associated cables may be obtrusive and are subject to wear or
destruction by weather events or other accidents. Therefore, many
communities require new fiber optic cables to be installed
underground.
[0016] The laying of underground fiber optic cables conventionally
involves the use of large and expensive machinery and/or
significant manpower. For example, in some cases trenches are
formed and fiber optic cables are laid in the trenches. In other
cases, a directional drilling machine may be used to drill a hole
in which fiber optic cable may be laid. In any case, the machinery
and/or process may result in blockage and sometimes closure of
roads. In addition, conventional methods for laying underground
fiber optic cables often take a significant period of time to
complete.
[0017] The present disclosure is generally directed to systems and
methods for laying underground fiber optic cables. In some
embodiments, the present disclosure may include a robotic (e.g.,
remotely operated, autonomous, or partially autonomous) system that
includes a drive body, at least one rotational motor positioned
within the drive body, a forward auger element rotatably coupled to
the drive body and positioned to be rotated by the at least one
rotational motor in a first rotational direction, and a rear auger
element rotatably coupled to the drive body and positioned to be
rotated by the at least one rotational motor in a second, opposite
rotational direction.
[0018] In some examples, the system may operate autonomously (e.g.,
without the need for involvement of an operator during a drilling
operation). For example, the system may be initially supplied with
global positioning system ("GPS") coordinates for the desired
starting and end points. The system may use this information to
autonomously proceed from the starting point to the end point
without further instructions.
[0019] In some embodiments, the rotational motor(s) may include a
first rotational motor that is configured to rotate the forward
auger element in the first rotational direction and a second
rotational motor that is configured to rotate the rear auger
element in the second, opposite rotational direction. The drive
body may include one or more flexible junctions positioned between
the rotational motors, such as to facilitate steering of the system
underground. A steering mechanism may be included and configured to
reorient a direction of underground movement of the system.
[0020] In some examples, a subterranean drill bit may be positioned
in front of the forward auger element, such as to drill through a
subterranean formation (e.g., rock, shale, hard soil, etc.).
Optionally, the drilling system may employ a propulsion system
(e.g., a drill string) to push the drill forward with sufficient
force to pass through underground obstructions.
[0021] An object sensor (e.g., a gamma ray sensor, a sonar sensor,
etc.) may be positioned and configured to sense obstructions (e.g.,
rocks, boulders, root systems, pipes, building foundations, etc.)
in soil in front of the system. In some examples, the system may
include one or more guiding fins and/or one or more drag/friction
devices to facilitate steering through the soil. Thus, the system
may be configured to steer around sensed obstructions, either
autonomously or at the direction of a remote operator. By avoiding
obstructions, the system may be kept in soil that is relatively
simple and quick to traverse, which may improve a speed of laying
the fiber optic cables underground, compared to conventional
methods.
[0022] In some examples, the term "soil" may refer to any
subterranean formation, including without limitation organic
matter, minerals, sand, shale, rocks, or any combination
thereof.
[0023] The system may further include sensors for determining its
position and/or orientation, such as an inertial measurement unit
(IMU) and/or a GPS receiver. For example, the IMU may include one
or more accelerometers and/or gyroscopes. An associated filtering
algorithm may be used to assist in finding the position and/or
orientation of the system during operation, guidance, control,
and/or movement of the system.
[0024] In some examples, the system may include a fiber spool
mounted on or in the rear auger element. The fiber spool may be
configured to release fiber optic cable behind the system as the
system proceeds underground. Alternatively or additionally, the
system may include a flexible conduit spool and may be configured
to release flexible conduit behind the system as the system
proceeds underground.
[0025] A battery power source for supplying power to the at least
one motor may be positioned within at least one of: the drive body,
the forward auger element, and/or the rear auger element. In
additional embodiments, a power source may include a power supply
cable extending from the rear auger element to an above-ground
power element.
[0026] In some examples, the system may include a communication
interface (e.g., a wireless or wired communication interface) that
is configured to enable electronic communication between the system
and a remote operator.
[0027] The following will provide, with reference to FIGS. 1-10,
detailed descriptions of various example systems and devices for
laying underground fiber optic cable. With reference to FIG. 11,
the following will provide detailed descriptions of example methods
for laying underground fiber optic cable.
[0028] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a system 100 for
laying underground fiber optic cable 102, according to at least one
embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 may include an
underground drilling device 104 that is configured to lay the fiber
optic cable 102 in soil as the underground drilling device 104
proceeds through the soil.
[0029] The underground drilling device 104 may include a drive body
106 and at least one rotational motor 108 at least partially
positioned within the drive body 106. For example, the at least one
rotational motor 108 may include a first rotational motor 108A and
a second rotational motor 108B. Alternatively, the at least one
rotational motor 108 may be a single rotational motor with two
outputs that are configured to be rotated in opposite rotational
directions (e.g., respectively clockwise and counterclockwise).
[0030] A forward auger element 110 may be rotatably coupled to a
forward side of the drive body 106 and a rear auger element 112 may
be rotatably coupled to a rear side of the drive body 106. For
example, roller bearings 113 may rotatably couple the drive body
106 to the forward auger element 110 and to the rear auger element
112.
[0031] The forward auger element 110 may be positioned and
configured to be rotated by the first rotational motor 108A (or a
first output of a single rotational motor) in a first rotational
direction A (e.g., counterclockwise, when viewed from a front of
the underground drilling device 104). The forward auger element 110
may include a forward cylindrical body 114 and a forward helical
fin 116 extending radially outward from the forward cylindrical
body 114. The forward helical fin 116 may be a single continuous
element or may include two or more segments. The forward helical
fin 116 may have a shape that urges the underground drilling device
104 forward when the forward auger element 110 is rotated in the
first rotational direction A.
[0032] The first rotational motor 108A may include a corresponding
first output shaft 109A for driving rotation of the forward auger
element 110. The first output shaft 109A may be engaged with an
inner surface of the forward cylindrical body 114 to drive rotation
of the forward cylindrical body 114 relative to the drive body 106
when the first rotational motor 108A is activated. By way of
several examples, the first output shaft 109A may be frictionally
engaged with the inner surface of the forward cylindrical body 114,
gear teeth of the first output shaft 109A may be intermeshed with
corresponding gear teeth on the inner surface of the forward
cylindrical body 114, the first output shaft 109A may be welded,
adhered, or otherwise rigidly coupled to the forward cylindrical
body 114, etc.
[0033] The rear auger element 112 may be positioned and configured
to be rotated by the second rotational motor 108B (or a second
output of a single rotational motor) in a second, opposite
rotational direction B (e.g., clockwise, when viewed from a front
of the underground drilling device 104). The rear auger element 112
may include a rear cylindrical body 118 and a rear helical fin 120
extending radially outward from the rear cylindrical body 118. The
rear helical fin 120 may be a single continuous element or may
include two or more segments. The rear helical fin 120 may have a
shape that urges the underground drilling device 104 forward when
the rear auger element 112 is rotated in the second rotational
direction B.
[0034] The second rotational motor 108B may include a corresponding
second output shaft 109B for driving rotation of the rear auger
element 112. The second output shaft 109B may be engaged with an
inner surface of the rear cylindrical body 118 to drive rotation of
the rear cylindrical body 118 relative to the drive body 106 when
the second rotational motor 108B is activated. By way of several
examples, the second output shaft 109B may be frictionally engaged
with the inner surface of the rear cylindrical body 118, gear teeth
of the second output shaft 109B may be intermeshed with
corresponding gear teeth on the inner surface of the rear
cylindrical body 118, the second output shaft 109B may be welded,
adhered, or otherwise rigidly coupled to the rear cylindrical body
118, etc.
[0035] Rotating the forward auger element 110 and the rear auger
element 112 in respectively opposite directions A and B may
facilitate a canceling out of resultant motor torque when the first
and second rotational motors 108A, 108B are simultaneously
operated. The rear auger element 112 may act as an anchor against
which the first rotational motor 108A and the forward auger element
110 may push to rotate, and the forward auger element 110 may act
as an anchor against which the second rotational motor 108B and the
rear auger element 112 may push to rotate. This configuration and
operation may enable the underground drilling device 104 to proceed
forward through the soil.
[0036] The drive body 106, forward cylindrical body 114, forward
helical fin 116, rear cylindrical body 118, and rear helical fin
120 may each include a material that has a suitable hardness,
abrasion resistance, and durability for exposure to and drilling
through a subterranean formation, such as soil, rocks, sand, etc.
By way of example and not limitation, the material included in
these components may be or include a steel material (e.g., a steel
casting, a steel forging, a machined steel, etc.), hard particles
(e.g., tungsten carbide) infiltrated with a metal alloy binder, a
sintered carbide material, a boride material, etc.
[0037] In some examples, the drive body 106 may include a flexible
junction 122 to facilitate turning the underground drilling device
104, such as to avoid an underground obstruction and/or to reach a
desired end point. For example, the flexible junction 122 may
enable the forward auger element 110 to be angled (e.g.,
misaligned) relative to the rear auger element 112. The flexible
junction 122 may be configured to exhibit torsional stiffness and
bending flexibility. Steering of the underground drilling device
104 may be accomplished by, for example, driving rotation of the
first rotational motor 108A and second rotational motor 108B at
different speeds or torques and/or by activating a steering
mechanism, such as will be described below with reference to FIGS.
6 and 7.
[0038] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the underground drilling device
104 may include a spool 124 (e.g., a fiber spool, a flexible
conduit spool, etc.) mounted on or in the rear auger element 112.
For example, the spool 124 may be implemented as a fiber spool
configured to release the fiber optic cable 102 behind the system
100 as the system 100 proceeds underground. In additional examples,
the spool 124 may be implemented as a flexible conduit spool
configured to release flexible conduit behind the system 100 as the
system 100 proceeds underground. After the flexible conduit is in
position underground, the fiber optic cable 102 may be inserted
into the flexible conduit. In some embodiments, the flexible
conduit may be inflated (e.g., with pressurized air) to provide
space for the fiber optic cable 102 to be inserted therein.
[0039] The underground drilling device 104 may include a
communication interface 126 that may be configured to enable
electronic communication between the underground drilling device
104 and a remote operator. For example, the communication interface
126 may be positioned within the drive body 106, within the forward
auger element 110, and/or within the rear auger element 112. The
communication interface 126 may be configured to facilitate wired
and/or wireless communication with the remote operator. In the case
of wired communication, the fiber optic cable 102 may be used to
provide signals to the communication interface 126 as the fiber
optic cable 102 is laid underground by the underground drilling
device 104. The remote operator may provide control signals to the
underground drilling device 104 via the communication interface
126, such as to instruct the first rotational motor 108A and/or the
second rotational motor 108B to rotate, stop rotating, increase a
rotational speed, decrease a rotational speed, etc. The remote
operator may include a computer that may provide instructions to
the underground drilling device 104. The computer of the remote
operator may be manually operated, fully automatically operated, or
automatically operated after receiving input (e.g., a desired end
point for laying the fiber optic cable 102) from a human user.
[0040] A battery power source 128 may provide electrical power to
the first rotational motor 108A and second rotational motor 108B as
well as to other potential electrical components (e.g., sensors,
the communication interface 126, etc.). For example, the battery
power source 128 may be located in the forward auger element 110,
in the rear auger element 112, and/or in the drive body 106. In
some examples, the battery power source 128 may include multiple
batteries distributed in any combination of the forward auger
element 110, rear auger element 112, and/or drive body 106.
[0041] Optionally, the underground drilling device 104 may include
a subterranean drill bit 130 positioned at a front end of the
forward auger element 110. The subterranean drill bit 130 may be
configured to drill through (e.g., break up, move, etc.) hard soil,
rocks, or other subterranean formations to facilitate movement of
the underground drilling device 104 through the soil. The
subterranean drill bit 130 may be or include a roller cone drill
bit, a drag bit, an auger bit, a hybrid bit, or any other suitable
subterranean drill bit 130, as is known in the art of subterranean
drilling. The type of subterranean drill bit 130 selected may
depend on a type (e.g., hardness) of soil to be drilled through by
the underground drilling device 104. The subterranean drill bit 130
is shown schematically in FIG. 1 as having a smaller diameter than
the forward cylindrical body 114 of the forward auger element.
However, the present disclosure is not so limited. In additional
embodiments, the subterranean drill bit 130 may have a diameter
that is the same as or larger than the forward cylindrical body
114.
[0042] In some embodiments, the underground drilling device 104 may
include an onboard ground-penetrating object sensor 132. The object
sensor 132 may be positioned and configured to sense obstructions
(e.g., boulders, existing infrastructure, compacted soil, etc.) in
soil in front of the underground drilling device 104. Upon
detecting an obstruction, the underground drilling device 104 may
be steered around the obstruction or operated in a manner (e.g., at
an appropriate speed) to proceed through the obstruction. The
object sensor 132 may include, for example, a gamma ray sensor or a
sonar sensor. In additional embodiments, the location of
obstructions may be sensed by an aboveground object sensor, as
explained below with reference to FIG. 10.
[0043] A position and orientation sensor 134 may also be included
in the system 100. The position and orientation sensor 134 may be
configured to sense a position (e.g., location) and orientation
(e.g., lateral angle, rotational angle, etc.) of the underground
drilling device 104 or of a portion thereof (e.g., of the drive
body 106, forward auger element 110, and/or rear auger element
112). By way of example and not limitation, the position and
orientation sensor 134 may include a GPS receiver, an encoder, an
inertial measurement unit ("IMU"), an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a
fiber Bragg grating location sensor, or any combination thereof or
other suitable position and orientation sensor 134.
[0044] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the underground drilling device
104 may have a length L. The length L may be between about 50 cm
and about 150 cm, such as about 90 cm. The forward helical fin 116
and the rear helical fin 116 may have an outer auger diameter
D.sub.A. The outer auger diameter D.sub.A may be between about 15
cm and about 45 cm, such as about 30 cm. The forward cylindrical
body 114 and the rear cylindrical body 118 may have an outer body
diameter D.sub.B. The outer body diameter D.sub.B may be less than
the outer auger diameter D.sub.A and may be between about 10 cm and
about 30 cm, such as about 19 cm. The drive body 106 may have an
outer drive diameter D.sub.D. The outer drive diameter D.sub.D may
be less than the outer drive diameter D.sub.B and may be between
about 5 cm and about 20 cm, such as about 12 cm. These dimensions
are provided by way of example and not limitation. The underground
drilling device 104 may be implemented at various sizes and scales,
such as depending on the type and hardness of soil to be drilled
through, a length of fiber optic cable to be laid, and other
potential factors.
[0045] FIG. 2 is a side view of a system 200 for laying underground
fiber optic cable, according to at least one additional embodiment
of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective
view of the system of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a rear cross-sectional
perspective view of a portion of the system of FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a
front cross-sectional perspective view of a portion of the system
of FIG. 2.
[0046] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, In some respects, the system 200
may be similar to the system 100 described above with reference to
FIG. 1. For example, the system 200 may include an underground
drilling device 204, which may include a drive body 206, a forward
auger element 210 rotatably coupled to the drive body 206, and a
rear auger element 212 rotatably coupled to the drive body 206. The
drive body 206 may house at least one rotational motor 208. The
forward auger element 210 may include a forward cylindrical body
214 and a forward helical fin 216 extending radially outward from
the forward cylindrical body 214. The forward helical fin 216 may
be positioned and configured for rotating the forward auger element
210 in a first direction. The rear auger element 212 may include a
rear cylindrical body 218 and a rear helical fin 220 extending
radially outward from the rear cylindrical body 218. The rear
helical fin 220 may be positioned and configured for rotating the
rear auger element 212 in a second, opposite direction.
[0047] As illustrated in FIG. 2, in some examples, the forward
helical fin 216 and the rear helical fin 220 may each be formed of
a single, continuous helical material. As the forward auger element
210 and the rear auger element 212 are counter-rotated within soil,
the respective angles of the forward helical fin 216 and the rear
helical fin 220 may cause the underground drilling device 204 to
progress through the soil in a forward direction (e.g., left to
right in the perspective of FIG. 2).
[0048] As shown in FIGS. 3-5, the drive body 206 may house at least
a portion of a first rotational motor 208A and of a second
rotational motor 208B. Bases of the rotational motors 208 may be
rigidly coupled to the drive body 206. The bases of the rotational
motors 208 and/or the drive body 206 may be rotatably coupled to
the respective forward auger element 210 and rear auger element
212, such as via roller bearings 213. The roller bearings 213 may
facilitate mutual rotation between the drive body 206 and the
forward auger element 210 and rear auger element 212, while
maintaining an axial coupling between the drive body 206 and the
forward auger element 210 and rear auger element 212.
[0049] As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, a first output shaft of the
first rotational motor 208A may include a first toothed gear 236A
and a second output shaft of the second rotational motor 208B may
include a second toothed gear 236B. A complementary first set of
internal teeth 238A may be secured (e.g., welded, adhered,
press-fit, bolted, integrally formed, etc.) to an inner surface of
the forward cylindrical body 214. The first toothed gear 236A may
be engaged with the first set of internal teeth 238A. Likewise, a
complementary second set of internal teeth 238B may be secured
(e.g., welded, adhered, press-fit, bolted, integrally formed, etc.)
to an inner surface of the rear cylindrical body 218. The second
toothed gear 236B may be engaged with the second set of internal
teeth 238B. Thus, when the first and second rotational motors 208A,
208B are activated, the toothed gears 236A, 236B may respectively
apply a rotational force to the forward and rear auger elements
210, 212 via the internal teeth 238A, 238B.
[0050] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of a system 600 for
laying underground fiber optic cable, according to at least one
further embodiment of the present disclosure. In some respects, the
system 600 may be similar to the system 100 described above with
reference to FIG. 1. For example, the system 600 may include a
drive body 606 for housing a first rotational motor 608A and a
second rotational motor 608B, a forward auger element 610 rotatably
coupled to the drive body 606 and driven by the first rotational
motor 608A, and a rear auger element 612 rotatably coupled to the
drive body 606 and driven by the second rotational motor 608B.
[0051] As shown in FIG. 6, the system 600 may also include a
steering mechanism 640 for orienting the system 600 as it proceeds
through soil. For example, the steering mechanism 640 may include
generally planar rectangular rudders 642 extending radially outward
from opposing sides of the drive body 606. A steering motor 644 may
be operatively coupled to the rudders 642 for turning the rudders
642 relative to the drive body 606 to steer the system 600 in a
desired direction.
[0052] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of a system 700 for
laying underground fiber optic cable 702, according to at least one
more embodiment of the present disclosure. In some respects, the
system 700 may be similar to the system 100 described above with
reference to FIG. 1 and similar to the system 600 described above
with reference to FIG. 6. For example, the system 700 may include a
drive body 706 for housing a first rotational motor 708A and a
second rotational motor 708B, a forward auger element 710 rotatably
coupled to the drive body 706 and driven by the first rotational
motor 708A, and a rear auger element 712 rotatably coupled to the
drive body 706 and driven by the second rotational motor 708B.
[0053] The system 700 may also include a steering mechanism 740,
which may include curved rudders 742 extending radially outward
from the drive body 706. A steering motor 744 may be operatively
coupled to the rudders 742 to turn the rudders 742 relative to the
drive body 706. The curved shape of the rudders 742 may facilitate
the rudders 742 cutting into soil as the system 700 progresses
through soil, such as to avoid getting caught on rocks or other
hard deposits.
[0054] FIG. 8 is a side view of a system 800 for laying underground
fiber optic cable, according to at least one additional embodiment
of the present disclosure. The system 800 may include an auger
element 810 that may include a cylindrical body 814 and a helical
fin 816 extending radially outward from the cylindrical body 814. A
spool 824 may be employed to lay fiber optic cable and/or flexible
conduit behind the system 800 as the system 800 proceeds through a
subterranean formation (e.g., soil). Since the system 800 includes
only one helical fin 816, the system 800 may be driven by a drill
string or other rigid or semi-rigid pushing mechanism. The system
800 may include one or more electrical battery power sources 828,
such as to power an object sensor 832, position sensor 834,
orientation sensor 835, or any other electrical component on or in
the system 800.
[0055] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of a spool 924 section
of a system 900 for laying underground fiber optic cable 902,
according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The
spool 924 may be supported by a rear cylindrical body 912 of the
system 900. The spool 924 may be rotatable within and relative to
the rear cylindrical body 912. For example, bearings 946 may be
positioned between the spool 924 and an inner surface of the rear
cylindrical body 912. The bearings 946 may enable the spool 924 to
roll and/or slide relative to the inner surface of the rear
cylindrical body 912. In some embodiments, the bearings 946 may
also be configured to exhibit vibration dampening. For example, the
bearings 946 may be or include a flexible (e.g., elastomeric)
material to dampen vibration. The dampening of the vibration may
reduce potential damage to the fiber optic cable 902.
[0056] The concepts relating to the spool 924 as described in
relation to FIG. 9 may be applied to any of the systems 100, 200,
600, 700, 800 described above.
[0057] FIG. 10 is a side view of a system 1000 in use laying
underground fiber optic cable 1002, according to at least one
embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 1000 may include
an underground drilling device 1004, a remote operator 1050 for
controlling the underground drilling device 1004, and at least one
aboveground sensor device 1052 for sensing obstructions 1080 in
soil 1082 in front of the underground drilling device 1004. The
underground drilling device 1004 may be a device or system as
described with reference to any of FIGS. 1-9. In some examples, the
underground drilling device 1004 may include a drive body 1006, a
forward auger element 1010, and a rear auger element 1012.
[0058] As explained above, the forward auger element 1010 may be
positioned to be rotated in a first rotational direction (e.g.,
counterclockwise when viewed from a front of the underground
drilling device 1004) and the rear auger element 1012 may be
positioned to be rotated in a second, opposite rotational direction
(e.g., clockwise when viewed from the front of the underground
drilling device 1004) as the underground drilling device 1004
progresses through the soil 1082. The fiber optic cable 1002 may be
held within the rear auger element 1012 and released into the soil
1080 as the underground drilling device 1004 moves forward (e.g.,
to the left as viewed from the perspective of FIG. 10).
[0059] The remote operator 1050 may include a computer (e.g., a
laptop computer, a mobile device, a tablet computer, etc.), which
may include a user interface for providing instructions to the
underground drilling device 1004. In some embodiments, the remote
operator 1050 may receive data from the aboveground sensor device
1052 indicative of a location of the obstructions 1080 in the soil
1082, such as via a wired or wireless connection 1090. The remote
operator 1050 may use this data from the aboveground sensor device
1052 to automatically send instructions to a communications
interface of the underground drilling device 1004 to steer away
from the identified obstructions 1080 in the soil 1082, via another
wired or wireless connection 1092. In the case of a wired
connection, in some examples the remote operator 1050 may send
digital instructions to the underground drilling device 1004 via
the fiber optic cable 1002.
[0060] For example, a desired end point 1084 may be input into the
remote operator 1050 when or before the underground drilling device
1004 is positioned underground to begin a drilling and fiber optic
cable-laying operation. The aboveground sensor device 1052 may use
a ground-penetrating object sensor (e.g., a gamma ray sensor, a
sonar sensor, etc.) to sense the obstructions 1080 and to identify
their location in the soil 1082. For example, the aboveground
sensor device 1052 may automatically or manually move over a
surface of the soil 1082 as the underground drilling device 1004
progresses. Optionally, one or more additional aboveground sensor
devices 1053 may be positioned in different locations on the
surface of the soil 1082. This configuration with multiple
aboveground sensor devices 1052, 1053 may, in some embodiments,
facilitate locating the obstructions 1080 by simultaneously using
data from the object sensors on the various aboveground sensor
devices 1052, 1053.
[0061] If an obstruction 1080 is identified in an initial proposed
path of the underground drilling device 1004, the remote operator
1050 may instruct the underground drilling device 1004 to turn to
avoid the obstruction 1080. This sensing and avoidance of
obstructions 1080 may improve a drilling efficiency of the
underground drilling device 1004, compared to other (e.g.,
conventional) systems that do not sense and avoid obstructions in
soil.
[0062] As noted above with reference to FIG. 1, in some embodiments
the underground drilling device 1004 may include an onboard object
sensor. In these cases, the aboveground sensing device 1052 may be
omitted from the system 1000. In additional embodiments, the
aboveground sensing device(s) 1052, 1053 may scan an area of soil
between a starting point to the input end point 1084 to identify
the obstructions 1080 prior to the underground drilling device 1004
proceeding through the soil. Data corresponding the locations of
the obstructions 1080 may be uploaded to the remote operator 1050
and/or directly to the underground drilling device 1004 for mapping
a proposed path 1086 through the soil 1082. In some examples, the
underground drilling device 1004 may autonomously (e.g., without
further input from a human operator) proceed underground from a
starting point to the input end point 1084.
[0063] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1100 of
laying underground fiber optic cable, according to at least one
embodiment of the present disclosure. At operation 1110, a forward
auger element of an underground drilling device may be rotated in a
first rotational direction. Operation 1110 may be performed in a
variety of ways. For example, any of the example forward auger
elements described above may be rotated in the first direction by a
first rotational motor housed within a drive body of the
underground drilling device. In some embodiments, the rotation of
the forward auger element may be controlled by a remote
operator.
[0064] At operation 1120, a rear auger element of the underground
drilling device may be rotated in a second, opposite rotational
direction. Operation 1120 may be performed in a variety of ways.
For example, any of the example rear auger elements described above
may be rotated in the second direction by a second rotational motor
housed within the drive body, or by another output of the first
rotational motor. In some embodiments, the rotation of the rear
auger element may be controlled by the remote operator.
[0065] At operation 1130, at least one of fiber optic cable or
flexible conduit may be released into soil behind the rear auger
element. Operation 1130 may be performed in a variety of ways. For
example, the rear auger element may house a spool for holding the
fiber optic cable or flexible conduit. As the underground drilling
device proceeds along a path underground, the fiber optic cable or
flexible conduit may unwind from the spool to be deposited in the
soil. In some examples, an inflatable flexible conduit may be
released into the soil and may subsequently be inflated for
insertion of fiber optic cable.
[0066] In some examples, at least one obstruction may be sensed in
the soil in front of the forward auger element, such as by an
object sensor in the underground drilling device and/or in an
aboveground sensing device. The underground drilling device may be
steered to avoid the obstruction, such as with a rudder as
described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.
[0067] Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure include
systems and methods that may enable relatively quick, inexpensive,
and unobtrusive laying of underground fiber optic cables, compared
to conventional systems. By sensing and avoiding obstructions, an
underground drilling device used to lay the underground fiber optic
cables may proceed more quickly through soil that is easier to
drill through, compared to systems that may employ drilling without
sensing and avoiding obstructions.
[0068] The following example embodiments are also included in the
present disclosure.
[0069] Example 1: A system for laying underground fiber optic
cable, which may include: a drive body; at least one rotational
motor at least partially positioned within the drive body; a
forward auger element rotatably coupled to the drive body and
positioned to be rotated by the at least one rotational motor in a
first rotational direction; and a rear auger element rotatably
coupled to the drive body and positioned to be rotated by the at
least one rotational motor in a second, opposite rotational
direction.
[0070] Example 2: The system of Example 1, wherein the at least one
rotational motor includes: a first rotational motor positioned to
rotate the forward auger element in the first rotational direction;
and a second rotational motor positioned to rotate the rear auger
element in the second, opposite rotational direction.
[0071] Example 3: The system of Example 2, wherein the drive body
includes a flexible junction positioned between the first
rotational motor and the second rotational motor.
[0072] Example 4: The system of any of Examples 1 through 3, which
may further include a steering mechanism configured to reorient a
direction of underground movement of the system.
[0073] Example 5: The system of any of Examples 1 through 4, which
may further include a subterranean drill bit positioned in front of
the forward auger element.
[0074] Example 6: The system of any of Examples 1 through 5, which
may further include an object sensor positioned and configured to
sense obstructions in soil in front of the system.
[0075] Example 7: The system of Example 6, wherein the object
sensor includes at least one of: a gamma ray sensor; or a sonar
sensor.
[0076] Example 8: The system of any of Examples 1 through 7, which
may further include a fiber spool mounted on or in the rear auger
element, wherein the fiber spool is configured to release fiber
optic cable behind the system as the system proceeds
underground.
[0077] Example 9: The system of any of Examples 1 through 8, which
may further include a battery power source positioned within at
least one of: the drive body; the forward auger element; or the
rear auger element.
[0078] Example 10: The system of any of Examples 1 through 9, which
may further include a communication interface configured to enable
electronic communication between the system and a remote
operator.
[0079] Example 11: The system of any of Examples 1 through 10,
which may further include at least one position and orientation
sensor configured to determine a position and orientation of the
system.
[0080] Example 12: The system of Example 11, wherein the system is
configured to autonomously proceed underground from a starting
point to an input end point.
[0081] Example 13: The system of any of Examples 1 through 12,
which may further include a flexible conduit spool mounted on or in
the rear auger element, wherein the flexible conduit spool is
configured to release flexible conduit behind the system as the
system proceeds underground.
[0082] Example 14: A system for laying underground fiber optic
cable, which may include: an underground drilling device,
including: a forward auger element positioned to be rotated in a
first rotational direction; and a rear auger element positioned to
be rotated in a second, opposite rotational direction; and an
aboveground sensor device, including: a ground-penetrating object
sensor configured to sense obstructions in soil in front of the
underground drilling device, wherein the aboveground sensor device
is in communication with the underground drilling device and the
underground drilling device is configured to steer around
obstructions identified by the aboveground sensor device.
[0083] Example 15: The system of Example 14, wherein the
aboveground sensor device comprises a mobile vehicle configured to
move over a surface of the soil.
[0084] Example 16: The system of Example 15, wherein the mobile
vehicle comprises an unmanned mobile vehicle.
[0085] Example 17: The system of any of Examples 14 through 16,
wherein the aboveground sensor device is in wired communication
with the underground drilling device.
[0086] Example 18: A method of laying underground fiber optic
cable, which may include: rotating a forward auger element of an
underground drilling device in a first rotational direction;
rotating a rear auger element of the underground drilling device in
a second, opposite rotational direction; and releasing at least one
of fiber optic cable or flexible conduit into soil behind the rear
auger element.
[0087] Example 19: The method of Example 18, which may further
include: sensing at least one obstruction in soil in front of the
forward auger element; and steering the underground drilling device
to avoid the obstruction.
[0088] Example 20: The method of Example 19, wherein the sensing of
the at least one obstruction is performed by an object sensor on an
aboveground sensor device.
[0089] The process parameters and sequence of the steps described
and/or illustrated herein are given by way of example only and can
be varied as desired. For example, while the steps illustrated
and/or described herein may be shown or discussed in a particular
order, these steps do not necessarily need to be performed in the
order illustrated or discussed. The various example methods
described and/or illustrated herein may also omit one or more of
the steps described or illustrated herein or include additional
steps in addition to those disclosed.
[0090] The preceding description has been provided to enable others
skilled in the art to best utilize various aspects of the example
embodiments disclosed herein. This example description is not
intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to any precise form
disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible without
departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The
embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects
illustrative and not restrictive. Reference should be made to any
claims appended hereto and their equivalents in determining the
scope of the present disclosure.
[0091] Unless otherwise noted, the terms "connected to" and
"coupled to" (and their derivatives), as used in the specification
and/or claims, are to be construed as permitting both direct and
indirect (i.e., via other elements or components) connection. In
addition, the terms "a" or "an," as used in the specification
and/or claims, are to be construed as meaning "at least one of."
Finally, for ease of use, the terms "including" and "having" (and
their derivatives), as used in the specification and/or claims, are
interchangeable with and have the same meaning as the word
"comprising."
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