U.S. patent application number 15/675697 was filed with the patent office on 2021-01-21 for systems and methods for using smart contracts to control thetrade, supply, manufacture, and distribution of commodities.
This patent application is currently assigned to ELIXSYS INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is ELIXSYS INC.. Invention is credited to Peter Albert Madakson, Dan Alan Preston, Joseph D. Preston, William R. Rieger, Brett C. Simpson, Trinitie Marie Vance.
Application Number | 20210019792 15/675697 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 1000005313101 |
Filed Date | 2021-01-21 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20210019792 |
Kind Code |
A9 |
Preston; Joseph D. ; et
al. |
January 21, 2021 |
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR USING SMART CONTRACTS TO CONTROL THETRADE,
SUPPLY, MANUFACTURE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF COMMODITIES
Abstract
The present principles are directed to systems and methods for
providing a trading system cooperatively integrated with
manufacturing control and distribution systems, and, more
specifically, to provide a trading, clearance, settlement, and
depository for securities, commodities, and their derivatives
(collectively "securities") that utilize asset-backed, virtualized
data tokens and blockchain technology to facilitate price discovery
and automated transactions at all stages of the asset development,
manufacturing, and distribution of commodities.
Inventors: |
Preston; Joseph D.;
(Bainbridge Island, WA) ; Preston; Dan Alan;
(Bainbridge Island, WA) ; Vance; Trinitie Marie;
(Indianola, WA) ; Simpson; Brett C.; (Richland,
WA) ; Madakson; Peter Albert; (Tacoma, WA) ;
Rieger; William R.; (Atlanta, GA) |
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Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ELIXSYS INC. |
Bainbridge Island |
WA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
ELIXSYS INC.
Bainbridge Island
WA
|
Prior
Publication: |
|
Document Identifier |
Publication Date |
|
US 20180068359 A1 |
March 8, 2018 |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000005313101 |
Appl. No.: |
15/675697 |
Filed: |
August 11, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15669870 |
Aug 4, 2017 |
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15675697 |
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62373839 |
Aug 11, 2016 |
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62371098 |
Aug 4, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q 30/0283
20130101 |
International
Class: |
G06Q 30/02 20060101
G06Q030/02 |
Claims
1. A processor-implemented method for simultaneously pricing and
creating a product, the method comprising: determining a price
point for at least one item in a feedstock; determining a value
corresponding to a future value of the one item, wherein the value
is determined by the value of an asset backed token; determining a
value corresponding to the future value of a second item, wherein
the second value is determined by the value of an asset backed
token; determining an optimal value of at least one of the first
and second item using a second processor-implemented method in a
second processor; responsive to determining the best value, use a
third processor-implemented method using a third processor to
adjust the processing steps such that the best value of the at
least one of the first and second item are produced; responsive to
producing the best valued item, document the increase in value in a
distributed ledger; use a third party to verify the value.
Description
RELATED FILINGS
[0001] Due to the complexity and diversity of the topic it is
necessary to disclose the enablement in a four-patent-application
process, whereby the series of applications will be together
incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0002] The present application is filed as a Continuation-In-Part
and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/669,870,
filed Aug. 4, 2017, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING
AND TRADING SECURITIES COMMODITIES, which is herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety and which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 62/371,098 filed Aug. 4, 2016,
entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTERCONNECTIVITY OF SERVERS WITHIN
A DISTRIBUTED NETWORK and also claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 62/373,839 filed Aug. 11, 2016, entitled
BENEFICIATION OF METAL BEARING WASTE STREAMS AND CONVERSION INTO
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS, both of which Provisional Patent Applications
are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
[0003] Contained herein is material that is subject to copyright
protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile
reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent
disclosure, as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark
Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all rights to
the copyright whatsoever. The following notice applies to the
software, screenshots and data as described below and in the
drawings hereto and All Rights Reserved.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0004] The present principles are directed to systems and methods
for providing a trading system cooperatively integrated with
manufacturing control and distribution systems, and, more
specifically, to provide a trading, clearance, settlement, and
depository for securities, commodities, and their derivatives
(collectively "securities") that utilize asset-backed, virtualized
data tokens and blockchain technology to facilitate price discovery
and automated transactions at all stages of the asset development,
manufacturing, and distribution of commodities.
BACKGROUND
[0005] Disclosed herein are various embodiments of systems and
methods for analyzing feasibility of a metals extraction process.
The various embodiments disclosed are not intended as limitations,
and may be combined or implemented individually, in part or in
whole. The metals extraction process may be performed on any type
of input source material containing metal including, but not
limited to, coal fly ash, bottom ash, metal slurry, and any other
ash, sand, contaminated soil, contaminated granular material, or
combinations thereof. The method comprises calculations, display,
and export of cost, process, effectiveness, and outputs, among
others.
[0006] The method further comprises using a pre-programmed
calculator which interprets user inputs and returns information
such as, but not limited to, process flow sheets, the cost of
materials needed, the heat required, pH at specified locations in
the process, material values, and estimated costs and revenue
analyses. The user may input information such as elements present
in the input, desired outputs, quantities of inputs, quantities of
outputs, extraction potential, efficiencies, assumptions, and the
values of materials. Variables that may affect the process may vary
depending on the input type and composition. The user may have the
opportunity to choose pre-loaded input types or scenarios which may
be loaded as-is or may be used as a starting point which the user
may edit. Data may be pulled from various internal and or external
databases.
[0007] So as to reduce the complexity and length of the Detailed
Specification, Applicant(s) herein expressly incorporate(s) by
reference all of the following materials identified in each
paragraph below. The incorporated materials are not necessarily
"prior art" and Applicant(s) expressly reserve(s) the right to
swear behind any of the incorporated materials.
[0008] Applicant(s) believe(s) that the material incorporated above
is "non-essential" in accordance with 37 CFR 1.57, because it is
referred to for purposes of indicating the background or
illustrating the state of the art. However, if the Examiner
believes that any of the above-incorporated material constitutes
"essential material" within the meaning of 37 CFR 1.57(c)(1)-(3),
applicant(s) will amend the specification to expressly recite the
essential material that is incorporated by reference as allowed by
the applicable rules.
[0009] Aspects and applications presented here are described below
in the drawings and detailed description. Unless specifically
noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the
specification and the claims be given their plain, ordinary, and
accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable
arts. The inventors are fully aware that they can be their own
lexicographers if desired. The inventors expressly elect, as their
own lexicographers, to use only the plain and ordinary meaning of
terms in the specification and claims unless they clearly state
otherwise and then further, expressly set forth the "special"
definition of that term and explain how it differs from the plain
and ordinary meaning. Absent such clear statements of intent to
apply a "special" definition, it is the inventors' intent and
desire that the simple, plain and ordinary meaning to the terms be
applied to the interpretation of the specification and claims.
[0010] The inventors are also aware of the normal precepts of
English grammar. Thus, if a noun, term, or phrase is intended to be
further characterized, specified, or narrowed in some way, then
such noun, term, or phrase will expressly include additional
adjectives, descriptive terms, or other modifiers in accordance
with the normal precepts of English grammar. Absent the use of such
adjectives, descriptive terms, or modifiers, it is the intent that
such nouns, terms, or phrases be given their plain, and ordinary
English meaning to those skilled in the applicable arts as set
forth above.
[0011] Further, the inventors are fully informed of the standards
and application of the special provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 112,
6. Thus, the use of the words "function," "means" or "step" in the
Detailed Description or Description of the Drawings or claims is
not intended to somehow indicate a desire to invoke the special
provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 112, 6, to define the systems,
methods, processes, and/or apparatuses disclosed herein. To the
contrary, if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 112, 6 are sought
to be invoked to define the embodiments, the claims will
specifically and expressly state the exact phrases "means for" or
"step for, and will also recite the word "function" (i.e., will
state "means for performing the function of . . . "), without also
reciting in such phrases any structure, material or act in support
of the function. Thus, even when the claims recite a "means for
performing the function of . . . " or "step for performing the
function of . . . ", if the claims also recite any structure,
material or acts in support of that means or step, or that perform
the recited function, then it is the clear intention of the
inventors not to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 112, 6.
Moreover, even if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 112, 6 are
invoked to define the claimed embodiments, it is intended that the
embodiments not be limited only to the specific structure, material
or acts that are described in the preferred embodiments, but in
addition, include any and all structures, materials or acts that
perform the claimed function as described in alternative
embodiments or forms, or that are well known present or
later-developed, equivalent structures, material or acts for
performing the claimed function.
[0012] It should be clear that the embodiments of the systems and
methods disclosed herein are not inclusive but merely serve as
examples of possible embodiments. The order of presentation of the
embodiments does not imply order of preference. It should be clear
that while each embodiment is discussed as a separate whole from
the other embodiments that various aspects from any one or more
embodiments may be combined to form other embodiments not
explicitly disclosed herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] A more complete understanding of the systems, methods,
processes, and/or apparatuses disclosed herein may be derived by
referring to the detailed description when considered in connection
with the following illustrative figures. In the figures,
like-reference numbers refer to like-elements or acts throughout
the figures.
[0014] FIG. 1 depicts a process overview and how an exchange
operates in harmony with plant process control for an exemplary
metals extraction plant.
[0015] FIG. 2 depicts an embodiment of a tokenization process as it
relates to a product.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment
of a process breakdown for an ash conversion plant.
[0017] FIG. 4 is an example embodiment of a software window for
beginning an analysis.
[0018] FIG. 5 is an example embodiment of a software window for
choosing input characterization.
[0019] FIG. 6 is an example embodiment of a software window for
inputting fly ash composition.
[0020] FIG. 7 is an example embodiment of a software window for
inputting trace metal compositions in the feedstock.
[0021] FIG. 8 is an example embodiment of a software window for
choosing pre-treatment options for a fly ash feedstock.
[0022] FIG. 9 is an example embodiment of a software window for
selecting process outputs.
[0023] FIG. 10 is an example embodiment of a software window for
selecting form of process outputs.
[0024] FIG. 11 is an example embodiment of a software window for
editing input values.
[0025] FIG. 12 is an example embodiment of a software window for
editing output values.
[0026] FIG. 13 is an example embodiment of a software window for
choosing a scaling factor, or tonnage.
[0027] FIG. 14 is an example embodiment of a software window for
providing an economic analysis of process inputs.
[0028] FIG. 15 is an example embodiment of a software window for
providing an economic analysis of process outputs.
[0029] FIG. 16 is an example embodiment of a software window for
providing an overall economic analysis for a particular
process.
[0030] FIG. 17 is an example embodiment of a software window for
exporting process analysis results.
[0031] FIG. 18 depicts an example embodiment of a process for
converting fly ash into products.
[0032] FIG. 19 depicts an example embodiment of a CCM Module
according to FIG. 3.
[0033] FIG. 20 depicts an example embodiment of an M2 Module
according to FIG. 3.
[0034] FIG. 21 depicts an example embodiment of a TM Module
according to FIG. 3.
[0035] FIG. 22 depicts an alternate embodiment of a TM Module
according to FIG. 3.
[0036] FIG. 23 depicts an example embodiment of a process for
capturing arsenic in coal fly ash.
[0037] FIG. 24 depicts an example embodiment of a process for
capturing zinc from coal fly ash.
[0038] Elements and acts in the figures are illustrated for
simplicity and have not necessarily been rendered according to any
particular sequence or embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] In the following description, and for the purposes of
explanation, numerous specific details, process durations, and/or
specific formula values are set forth in order to provide a
thorough understanding of the various aspects of exemplary
embodiments. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the
relevant arts, that the apparatus, systems, and methods herein may
be practiced without these specific details, process durations,
and/or specific formula values. It is to be understood that other
embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional changes
may be made without departing from the scope of the apparatus,
systems, and methods herein. In other instances, known structures
and devices are shown or discussed more generally in order to avoid
obscuring the exemplary embodiments. In many cases, a description
of the operation is sufficient to enable one to implement the
various forms, particularly when the operation is to be implemented
in software. It should be noted that there are many different and
alternative configurations, devices, and technologies to which the
disclosed embodiments may be applied. The full scope of the
embodiments is not limited to the examples that are described
below.
[0040] Further, the following examples include illustrated
embodiments, references are made to the accompanying drawings which
form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration
various embodiments in which the systems, methods, processes,
and/or apparatuses disclosed herein may be practiced. It is to be
understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural
and functional changes may be made without departing from the
scope.
Tokenization Process
[0041] FIG. 1 depicts an overview of the systems, processes, and
utility associated with the beneficiation of coal combustion
products, including fly ash. 2700 represents the coal burning power
plant industry, regardless of whether or not they are currently
producing energy; they are or have produced a byproduct known as
coal fly ash, or CFA. CFA is generally problematic and a signficant
environmental liability. While the costs associated with placing
CFA in a landfill on site can be significant, there may be other
costs associated with its disposal. As such, CFA represents a
significant cost center to power plant operators.
[0042] This application discloses a family of technologies and
unique processes to identify, value, and extract various rare earth
metals and minerals found in CFA, or other industrial wastes, such
as oil well flow back water, ore tailings, acid mine drainage,
metal smelting residues, and such, that can be manufactured into
marketable intermediate products and commodities.
[0043] Field survey and literature review 2611 represents the
geophysical, geospatial, and prior qualitative and quantitative
information that may be obtained as part of defining the number of
samples, their configuration, type, depth, extent, and target
species for a particular fly ash inventory. This information may be
captured in a hardcopy report, database, or other electronic media
for use in developing a field-sampling plan.
[0044] Field-sampling plan 2612 may represent the nature and extent
of a sampling effort, and may include the sample number, frequency,
spacing, location, depth, sample handling, data logging, sample
inspection, as well as parameters and steps to handle off-normal,
out of specification, or unexpected conditions. This information
may be captured in a hardcopy report, database, or other electronic
media for use in selecting analytical methods and analytical sample
preparation.
[0045] Analytical (Laboratory) process step 2610 represents
instrumentation that may be used to interrogate the selected
samples extracted from the field. A wide variety of analytical
methods may be used to collect and organize data in the field or in
a laboratory setting.
[0046] Data from the analytical methods and geotechnical
investigation of Assay 2611 are used to calculate the inventory of
target materials of a unit quantity of CFA, or the amount of
portfolio of materials contained within a specific site. As part of
the Assay 2611 process, a Site-Specific Mass-Volume Calculation is
made and valued according to a market price for the sale of the
metals. The data from the field survey and literature review and
field-sampling results are synthesized into a site specific value
with appropriate uncertainties for use in calculating a variety of
project-specific variables. These variables may include, but are
not limited to, equipment selection, site preparation and
sequencing, processing duration, total site mass or volume. These
bases may provide different potential uses or perspectives with
respect to business logic and process engineering decisions. And
are documented in a ledger entry 2799 along with the valuation
2802. This process steps as depicted in processes 2799, 2801, 2802,
2803, 2814, and and the like, represent process interactions with a
distributed ledger 2800. Data from the analytical methods are used
to quantify the target constituents of interest at specific levels
of resolution that may be dictated from detection limits or
economic interests. Speciation may be elemental, mineralogical, or
chemical and may be reported in a variety of logically consistent
units (e.g. parts per million, parts per billion, weight percent,
etc.). These data elements may be preserved on for use in a Smart
Contract or process control feature 2607.
[0047] Inventory-Valuation Estimate 2803 from the analytical
methods, site-specific mass-volume calculation, and external
economic data from the commodities markets may be used to calculate
the value of a unit volume of fly ash or the value of a fly ash
deposit (in part or in its entirety). This information may be used
in developing elements of the Blockchain and Smart Contract
associated with this fly ash deposit.
[0048] Site Scope Definition 2804 from geotechnical investigation
that may be used to define the scope of a particular fly ash
deposit. This information may be captured in a hardcopy report,
database, or other electronic media for use in developing total
site mass or volume. These data may be preserved on an Ethereum or
other Blockchain technology for use in a Smart Contract 2607, or
process control feature 2640. Producers and owners of stockpiled
fly ash engage in a "feedstock agreement" 2620 encompassing the
producers/owners commitment to subscribe to the exchange 2600
allowing release of feedstock for subsequent processing and sale of
products.
[0049] A subscription allows the subscriber to move fly ash from
their storage facilities to process 2675 for producing a portfolio
of valuable mineral products, including but not limited to rare
earth metals, fertilizer, and various industrial chemicals. This
subscription begins the process of eventual liquidation.
[0050] After the subscription agreement 2620 is established between
registrant and an owner or producer of fly ash, the fly ash may be
stockpiled 2650 at either the registrant's facility or left in
place at the owner's site for eventual extraction. Each individual
shipment, or allotment, of fly ash can be logged into a distributed
ledger 2650. A hash code 2660 may represent a specific
shipment/allotment and may track the shipment through the
procurement process.
[0051] In order to quantify the composition of individual
shipments/allotments stored within 2650, each shipment/allotment
may be randomly sampled and analyzed. The resulting analysis is an
inventory of the minerals and metals found within the fly ash. The
ledger holding the hash code representing an individual
shipment/allotment may be amended to include a relative
composition. A random sample 2612 of fly ash is sent to a lab 2610
for analysis to determine the shipment's/allotment's value in the
form of an assay 2611. The assay results may be correlated to the
spot rate of the commodities contained therein.
[0052] The processes 2675 may be predicated on the use of one or
more Smart Contracts. Smart Contracts are computer protocols
intended to facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or
performance of a contract. Many contractual clauses may be made
partially or fully self-executing, self-enforcing, or both. The aim
with Smart Contracts is to provide security and traceability that
is superior to traditional contract law and to reduce other
transaction costs associated with contracting.
[0053] Smart Contracts 2607 have been used primarily in association
with cryptocurrencies. The most prominent Smart Contract
implementation is the Ethereum Blockchain platform. Once the
composition of the fly ash is determined, a Smart Contract system
2607 logs the value of the commodities based on the spot rate of
the commodity composed therein. The Smart Contract architecture can
also incorporate specific contract direction that a subscriber may
dictate as part of an order.
[0054] Spot rates may be used to price the shipment of commodities
associated with the fly ash. A value representing the shipment's
specific value is amended to the shipment's hash code stored within
the distributed ledger 2660.
[0055] The embodiment of the process of receiving an input of fly
ash 2675 and outputting a tradeable commodity 2644, logged with a
hash code; where the Hash code is the same as a hash function. A
hash function is any function that can be used to map data of
arbitrary size to data of fixed size. The values returned by a hash
function are called hash values, hash codes, digests, or simply
hashes. One use is a data structure called a hash table, widely
used in computer software for rapid data lookup. Hash functions
accelerate table or database lookup by detecting duplicated records
in a large file.
[0056] The stockpiled fly ash 2650 is sent to process stage 2675;
the approaches and processes for extracting commodities from fly
ash may be contained in the first OP and co-pending application
following this application and covered in much greater detail. An
appliance 2665 is collocated with the process control system of
2675 in order to control and manage the global supply chain of the
fly ash through the chemical and physical processes of extraction,
generally 2640 through 2676.
[0057] Further, 2665 facilitates the methods used to track the
material for continue updating into the ledger within each stage to
transactional change. The appliance adjusts the location value
associated with the hash code 2660 representing a shipment of fly
ash. The appliance also has the ability to label the outputs from
the process as unique 2642, 2643, 2644, and 2645. The entire supply
chain is embodied therein. The supply chain is further defined as
the process of process control, distribution of product,
distribution of regents, and executing the chain of custody of the
product.
[0058] 2640 is an embodiment of the chemical and physical processes
for the procurement of commodities and rare earth metals from fly
ash. The processes contained within 2641, 2642, 2643, 2644, 2645,
2660 are the various steps within the process. Shipments of the fly
ash are input into the system. Tracked by a hash code associated
with 2660, the shipments move through the processes 2641, 2642,
2643 and are turned into commodities and rare earth metals. At the
end of the processes, the commodities and rare earth metals
produced are given unique hash codes 2644, 2645. The hash codes are
used as representation of the items on the exchange platform 2600.
The hash codes are amended to the ledger creating the tradeable
commodity.
[0059] A process is described for converting a shipment of fly ash
to commodities and rare earth metals. Other processes described
within the process 2641 may be controlled via a Smart Contract
2660. The Smart Contract object 2660 is driven by data received
from the Smart Contract appliance 2665, and the various data inputs
from the exchange platform 2600 and provides various process
control inputs associated with, but not limited to, the optimal
pumping rate, stir rate, mixture ratios, amounts, and volume to
maximize efficiency of processing system 2675.
[0060] Receiving the output from process 2641, an option is to
store the resulting products. Process intermediates may also be
stockpiled for future use in process 2643.
[0061] Contaminants may be removed to create purified products
which may be distributed to steps 2642 and 2643 improving the
efficiency of extracting rare earth metals. The whole process is
logged continuously by an appliance or appliances FIG. 1, 2665
monitoring the supply chain.
[0062] In the event that the process intermediate is received by
2641 is not decided for storage 2642, the product may enter the
procurement process. Through a proprietary chemical leaching
solution, the product entered into this stage is transformed into
rare earth metals. There are two outputs from this process: rare
earth metals 2644 and an excess product 2645 that has the
opportunity for future refinement but no immediate value. The
excess product in 2646 may be moved to a similar storage facility
as the product given to 2642.
[0063] Rare earth metals extracted from the chemical leaching
solution 2643 are each assigned a new unique hash code. These hash
codes are used to liquidize these commodities on a proprietary
exchange 2600. The commodities created 2676, 2677, 2678 are shipped
to their final destinations through the use of various supply chain
fulfillment methods 2691, 2682. The excess product created is moved
to a storage area 2642 with the potential for later refinement.
[0064] The Smart Contract application 2607 receives data from the
exchange platform 2600 and acts as a guide for the exact
specifications of production outlined in the embodiment included
with the process control 2640, 2665. The Smart Contract application
also creates tradeable derivatives that are based on the rare earth
metal commodity outputs 2644 from the refinement process 2643.
[0065] In an embodiment of exchange platform 2600, it may operate
and fluidly maintain a distributed network through a plurality of
micro networks amongst its users. The micro networks may operate
transactions within a small number of users. This increases the
speed and efficiency of the exchange network. At predetermined time
intervals, each user may send their most up to date chain of
transactions representing the net change in assets over the
time-period to a centralized exchange for compilation and the other
networks of users. The centralized exchange may document and store
the complete ledger in order to mitigate the threat of fraudulent
transactions. The exact specifications and definition of the
transactions are defined therein. The system may be peer-to-peer
and transactions can take place between users directly, without an
intermediary. These transactions may be verified by network nodes
and recorded in a distributed ledger that houses hash codes
representing the commodity. When a transaction is made between two
parties, a block in the ledger is updated when two or more entities
not involved in the transaction authenticate a trade. Once a trade
is authenticated, an object (currency, stock, etc.) changes
ownership. This negates the need for a physical transferable
object.
[0066] Market participants may subscribe to the exchange platform
2600 in order to trade commodities.
[0067] In a non-limiting example of an asset-backed tokenization
process, FIG. 2 depicts block 2800 as a distributed database record
storing what are called distributed ledgers 2801. Distributed
ledgers are a collective database that is consensually shared and
synchronized between a network of nodes across multiple locations,
and may operate in either private mode, public mode, or a
combination thereof. In private mode, the distributed ledgers 2800
is owned and maintained for the exclusive benefit of the owners or
members of a specific exchange. This mode ensures private data is
secure from public access. In public mode, the distributed ledgers
are available for registration and recording of transactions and
other data by the public at large. In hybrid mode, one or more
distributed ledgers operating in private mode may bridge, or
publish subsets of data entries to either one, or both distributed
ledgers operating exclusively in private or public mode. Private,
public, or hybrid distributed ledgers 2800 may be created upon the
initial creation and registration of an asset-backed token.
Asset-backed tokens may represent any measurable, quantifiable, and
verifiable physical, or economic characteristics. Asset-backed
token characteristics may include but are not limited to the
volume, mass, value contribution ratio, current market value,
elemental makeup, mineral species, grading data, location of
origin, or processing facility data of the specified underlying
assets. In another non-limiting example, feedstock agreements may
be originated, or created at T.sub.1 and documented, or registered
in a datagram 2799. Datagrams 2799 may then be transmitted to one
or more exchanges 2600 and recorded into one or more distributed
ledgers 2800. Once created, a ledger may publish a posting to one
or more distributed ledgers 2800 operating in public, private or
hybrid mode. This posting, along with every subsequent datagram
entry and posting establishes what is known in the art as a
Blockchain for each registered asset-backed token. As assets have
value, such value may be unknown, or undetermined at this point. At
T.sub.2, a commodity inventory may be evaluated using data and
algorithms in steps 2610, 2611, 2613, 2802, and 2804. In a
non-limiting example of a mineral bearing asset, the results of
standard sampling, and assay process may be documented at 2803. The
results of each data acquisition, calculation, and recording step
may be transmitted to an exchange server relating to a specific
ledger entry. The results may then be published to the distributed
ledger 2800 and added as a new entry to the Blockchain, each entry
may represent a value change in the process of the underlying
commodity, such as in this example of a mineral bearing
substance.
[0068] At some point in the life-cycle of an asset, a commodity may
be designated to fulfil a supply contract between the owner of an
asset, to one or more buyers, or traders of the asset, or of one or
more underlying commodities. The contractual terms to fulfill such
an agreement may be automatically created and transacted using a
Smart Contract. Any one or more variables or events may be defined
to cause the creation, and the automatic clearing or execution of
Smart Contracts. Smart Contracts may be created and cleared using
milestones that may be achieved throughout the lifecycle of an
asset, collection of assets, a process, or series of processes.
Smart Contracts may be managed by the owner of an exchange, as part
of the exchange services; where fees for such transactions are paid
directly to the exchange. Transactions created in the above process
are entered into the distributed ledger 2800 and may be logged in a
public mode, private mode, or to both, the determination of which
may depend on the type of record, contract, asset, an aspect of the
transaction, subscription service level, or membership level.
[0069] As discussed earlier, a Smart Contract 2607 may execute
certain tasks automatically. Non-limiting examples where a Smart
Contract may automatically execute may be once a buy signal is
released based on a buyer, a notification is sent and received by a
Smart Contract. The Smart Contract then initiates process 2675
whereby raw materials are processed per one or more ledgers
records, i.e., gold, platinum, or bananas into banana bread. In
this example, the overlying process control may be functionally
indistinguishable from the execution logic of the Smart
Contract.
[0070] In an embodiment, the Smart Contract 2607 may send an
authorization signal to a plant control processor 2640 running in
an appliance 2665. Depending on the received authorization signal,
logic software 2660 may accept the instruction as a process control
signal, and may initiate, delay, stop or alter one or more
controlled plant processes. Acceptance of a process control signal
and subsequent execution to process material represents a one-way
event; as once raw material is fed into the process, the raw feed
is irreversibly altered into an intermediate state or final
product. An example of this underlying process is analogous to
processing cattle into beef products. Once a cow enters a
processing plant, the process is committed and it is
irreversible.
[0071] Steps 2641, 2642, 2643 each generate a data record of the
process, these records as with the others are fed back out of the
plant to the plant control system, and logged into a distributed
ledger 2800 as a new record. Each phase of a process from start to
finish may, or may not affect a change of value of the asset-backed
tokens, or the underlying constituents. Only the defined terms and
conditions of a Smart Contract may affect their value.
[0072] Eventually, an intermediate product or refined commodity is
packaged, labeled and shipped. As an example, Product A could be
sand in the form of silicon dioxide, Product B 2677 could be iron,
and Product C 2678 could be gold. A Smart Contract pertaining to
each intermediate or refined product may be individually, or
collectively reported back to the ledger as a process event. In the
case where a finished product is formed, an updated value from the
Smart Contract may reflect in the record e.g. 2811, 2812, 2813.
[0073] In a final step 2900 fulfillment and distribution, the Smart
Contract 2607 may include instructions to release funds upon
shipment of the products F.O.B. the shipping dock. In this example,
the asset owner, and all the way down to the plant owner may be
paid for supplying and fulfilling the terms of the Smart Contract.
The token is terminated and funds are disbursed per the Smart
Contract. The Smart Contract may include other agreements for
third-party services such as trucking agreements. For example,
compensation for 2681 and 2682 transportation may be paid, as well.
At the conclusion of this step, the buyer, or end user may take
possession of, or consume the product or service, and may provide a
consummation report back to the exchange through a partner
database. This action may be the terminating step for one or more
asset-backed tokens, or a pertinent Smart Contract. As consumers
demand and buy more products, this process cycle is repeated, new
Smart Contracts are created and executed, and additional raw
material is processed into products.
[0074] In some embodiments of the Tokenization process, e.g.
liquidity process; each process step e.g. FIG. 1, 2799, 2802, 2803,
etc. may be used to establish the ledger record stored in FIG. 1,
2800 as 2801. The distributed ledger documents the process as
described above, but in an alternate embodiment the process of
Tokenization may include tokens that have different values and
costs associated with them. This embodiment is supportive where
multiple scenarios can occur.
[0075] In an embodiment, the Feed stock is 1,000,000 tonnes of Coal
Fly Ash, and is documented in an agreement 2620, the agreement is
in the form of a mineral rights agreement. A sampling plan and
assay are initiated 2611 and 2612 that yield a total amount of
material per tonne of material processed. Using the process totals
disclosed below, and referring to FIGS. 4-15; FIG. 16 depicts a
revenue value of 434 units per tonne of coal fly ash produced. The
cost is shown as 77 units leaving a gross margin of 357 units.
Processing 1000 tonnes of material per day yields a gross margin of
357,000 units. The mineral rights agreement allows processing of
1,000,000 tonnes, at 357,000 units per tonne for a total value of
357,000,000 units.
[0076] In some embodiments, one may choose to monetize their rights
across a distributed exchange based on Block chain validation and
verification kept in a distributed ledger. The distributed ledger
uses the creation of a Token for every 1,000 units. The mineral
rights agreement as assessed by a qualified 3.sup.rd party as
having a net present value of 10% post processing values gross
market value or 357,000 units. The rights are placed on the
exchange, the tokens are created representing the asset and the net
present value of the asset. One side note here, obviously it is
well understood in the art that futures markets may influence
current values of assets, e.g. gold futures, silver futures and
platinum futures. So obviously the asset values can be based on the
asset, they could be based on a currency, or backed by digital
currencies. For some embodiments, the term asset backed tokens is
used, where the token has an objective value, similar to what the
US dollars when backed by gold and later silver.
[0077] Another aspect, it that the values of the token can change
based on the market values, or the token values are stable, and the
quantities of tokens change. As an example, the minerals rights are
based on a steady number based on the demands of the world economy,
much like currency. However, the asset grows in value, so more
tokens are created. As an example of that, FIG. 1 shows the steps
of 2799, 2804, 2802, and the generation of a token 2820 through the
exchange platform 2600. This process step is called for by a Smart
Contract disclosed earlier and executed. The value doubles,
therefore the number of tokens double, think of the token as a
dollar. However, the token may be initially based on an assayed
value, e.g., net present value, which places it under the market
price, but the process step causes the value to double.
[0078] Referring to the example where the token is much like a
dollar, at the end of a process 2675, the products, A-C 2676-2778
and FOB, at this point the tokens are dispersed, everybody is
liquidated in the sale of the asset, the tokens are liquidated, and
destroyed. The ledger and block chain are closed.
[0079] Below is a further discussion of a process tool, the process
tool disclosed is linked to the assay and to the plant control
processes FIG. 1 2640, processing decisions may be driven by
futures, location of source material, market demand. The
combination of the process tool, and token values play into the
processing strategy, either automatically and dynamically, or
manually. As an example, process step C can generate one of two
product streams, C1 2644 or C2 2645. C1 has immediate need in the
market, the price is up, and futures are strong. However, C2 is
held either in the process step, or processed to product and stored
waiting for the better time to liquidate through a sale of the
asset. It is also well understood and practiced the art of longing
and shorting the markets, it will not be further disclosed as it is
well known and understood in the art.
[0080] The combination of plant process control, dynamic product
evaluation in a processing assessment tool, and a digital exchange
allows the formation of new economies based on currencies backed by
assets. The combination of these three elements would not be well
understood in the art.
Process Tool
[0081] Users may create a new analysis from scratch or based on a
template using new material, quantity, and cost information, or to
open an existing analysis or pre-loaded scenario. The user may
preset units in preferences or may individually choose units for
each analysis. The user may have the ability to edit the units used
in an analysis at any time. The user may choose to display more
than one-unit type for each value, for instance showing economic
data in US dollars, yuan, and in euros and or showing masses in
both kilograms and tons.
[0082] Depending on user preferences, the background calculations
and analysis may be performed and updated every time a user input
is provided/edited, when units are edited, at pre-defined time
intervals, upon saving/exporting the analysis, or upon manual
selection by the user.
[0083] When creating a new analysis, users may be offered various
potential inputs as a starting point. If the user selects one of
these, such as fly ash in an embodiment, the system may load a
pre-filled set of variables that may or may not be editable based
on user preferences. User preferences may be updated at any time
throughout the analysis. Alternatively, the user may be presented
with a list of the standard known components of the selected input
which they may fill in and edit. If the user does not choose a
preset they may be presented with an option to manually input the
composition or load it from an external file such as an excel
document. Users may provide the composition of the input material
in terms of either mass or percent of total mass, or as set in user
preferences. At any time, the user may navigate back to a
previously presented screen to edit inputs. In some embodiments,
the input variables may be requested in sequential windows which
the user may progress through. In some embodiments, the user may
manually choose which inputs are edited and when by selecting from
a pane or list which may be included as part of the user interface.
The user may scale the input and apply a unit such as 1000 tons per
day or just 1 ton.
[0084] A selection of metals may be provided to the user from which
the user may choose which outputs they desire. The user may add
unlisted outputs. Depending on the input characterization different
potential outputs may be listed. The input characterization may
automatically be analyzed and potential outputs and variations
thereof may be presented to the user for selection based on
information stored within the program. Additional information may
be loaded into the program at any time and or the program may
automatically learn from the user or other sources. For some
process embodiments, there may be alternative outputs that may be
selected. In some embodiments, more than one alternative output may
be selected with the opportunity to add desired percentages of each
output. The user may have an opportunity to select the desired
output compositions. A prompt may be presented to the user should
the user attempt to add a desired output that is not feasible given
the provided inputs. The system may employ built-in checks to alert
the user should a specific value or data set fail to fall within
certain parameters, for instance if the total composition of the
input by weight percent fails to equal 100%. The parameters may be
edited or provided with ranges for error such as 100% +/-2% may be
allowable for the input weight percent parameter.
[0085] The user may select equipment for the process. The user may
generally select type of equipment such as grinder, tank, or filter
or may select specific equipment from specific manufacturers. The
program may have access to database(s) of equipment which may
update over time, depending on user preferences. The user may add
equipment that is not currently in the system database(s) and may
choose to add it to only a specific analysis and or to the
database(s). The user may edit databases manually. Alternatively,
depending on user preferences, databases may be locked for editing.
Databases may be selected to update in real-time, for instance
materials values may be selected to update in real-time based on
commodity market values.
[0086] The user has the ability to scale the depth of the analysis.
For instance, the user may simplify the analysis by choosing not to
include specific equipment that may be utilized or the user may
choose to set one or more assumptions that reduce the number of
calculations required in the analysis, such as assuming global
process efficiency of 100%. Alternatively, the user may increase
the depth of the analysis by providing more information such as
individual process and/or equipment efficiencies.
[0087] The user may provide notes around any input, output,
process, equipment, etc. that may be selected to be shown on the
final output or may be viewable only to the user.
[0088] FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment
of a process breakdown for an ash conversion plant. In the depicted
embodiment, the conversion process is broken down into three
processes followed by a conditioning process. The first process
module is a Compound Commodities Module (CCM) for converting
gypsum, if present, into one or more of ammonium sulfate, calcium
carbonate, barium sulfate, calcium chloride, and activated carbon.
The second process module is a Metals Module (M2) for extracting
various metals such as alumina and iron oxide. In some embodiments,
silicon dioxide may be extracted in the M2 modules. The third
process module is the Tech-Metals Module (TM) for the extraction of
various metals such as rare earth metals and mischmetals. The
Conditioning Module is for the final extraction of unmarketable
concentrates and for conditioning the remaining leachate and/or
water for reuse.
[0089] FIG. 4 is an example embodiment of a software window for
beginning an analysis. The plant processing scenario tool provides
a method to conduct "what-if" types of economic calculations,
regression modeling of plant performance and product yields, or
other types of optimizations or forecasting. The launch into this
application provides a dialog that allows the user to select
previously developed scenarios or create new scenarios with various
inputs and assumptions. This dialog also enumerates the default
inputs and assumptions for the user in the absence any other
direction.
[0090] FIG. 5 is an example embodiment of a software window for
choosing input characterization. This dialog in the process tool
application provides for specifying a substrate for process
simulation and preserving user notes as a simulation evolves. CFA
is the default selection, however, other substrates are prospects
for processing through an Elixsys-based separation plant. The
proposed separation methods are highly modular and capable of
adapting to feeds with wide ranging properties.
[0091] FIG. 6 is an example embodiment of a software window for
inputting fly ash composition. This dialog in the process tool
application provides a method for inputting a specific substrate
(CFA or other material) composition on a unit basis. The radio
buttons extend the composition definition protocol to include
materials that may be minor contributors in overall quantity, but
represent high-value opportunities. An auto-loading script that can
extract data from a machine-readable file may represent a preferred
embodiment of this interface.
[0092] FIG. 7 is an example embodiment of a software window for
inputting trace metal compositions in the feedstock. This dialog
represents an embodiment of the radio button action from Page_10;
it allows specific user input for species that may not have been
captured in a machine-readable file as part of a routine
characterization assay.
[0093] FIG. 8 is an example embodiment of a software window for
choosing pre-treatment options for a fly ash feedstock. This dialog
interface represents a simplified decision selection for the fly
ash pretreatment circuit in a simulation. There are distinct
options identified for extraction in the pretreatment circuit, with
ammonium sulfate-calcite production, barium sulfate-calcium
chloride production, and gypsum recovery as initial separations.
Other conversions and recoveries may be discovered and incorporated
as experience dictates.
[0094] FIG. 9 is an example embodiment of a software window for
selecting process outputs. FIG. 10 is an example embodiment of a
software window for selecting form of process outputs. These dialog
interfaces represent a decision selection for the industrial
materials recovery circuit post-pretreatment in a simulation. There
are distinct options identified for extraction in the industrial
materials circuit, with aluminum (as aluminum oxide) production,
iron (as iron oxide), and magnesium (as magnesium oxide) recovery
as initial separations. Other conversions and recoveries, such as
mischmetal and silicon dioxide may be incorporated as economics and
experience dictates.
[0095] FIG. 11 is an example embodiment of a software window for
editing input values. This dialog interface provides a means for
defining consumable input processing costs. These costs may be
input by the user or extracted from a live data feed from
spot/futures market data for use in the simulation. The bases for
the input ranges may be statistically-based and/or consider quotes
from a variety of suppliers.
[0096] FIG. 12 is an example embodiment of a software window for
editing output values. This dialog interface provides a means for
defining output product prices. These prices may be input by the
user (as a what-if condition) or extracted from a live data feed
from spot/futures market data for use in the simulation. The bases
for the input ranges may be statistically-based and/or consider
quotes from a variety of suppliers.
[0097] FIG. 13 is an example embodiment of a software window for
choosing a scaling factor. This dialog allows a user to quickly and
easily scale the mass flow and economic results by a specific
scaling factor.
[0098] FIG. 14 is an example embodiment of a software window for
providing an economic analysis of process inputs. This dialog
provides the output of an economic simulation in a dashboard
format, where a user can review the input production quantities and
their associated costs with respect to plant operations on a unit
basis (ton of CFA).
[0099] FIG. 15 is an example embodiment of a software window for
providing an economic analysis of process outputs. This dialog
provides the output of an economic simulation in a dashboard
format, where a user can review the output production quantities
and their associated prices with respect to plant operations on a
unit basis (ton of CFA). Minor, high-value constituents may be
priced with respect to a more rational basis after extraction from
the CFA, rather than per ton of CFA processed.
[0100] FIG. 16 is an example embodiment of a software window for
providing an overall economic analysis for a specific process. This
dialog interface provides a means for defining the economic balance
of plant calculation on a unit basis (typically, ton of CFA
processed). The inputs, outputs, costs, and prices may be modified
by the user in the simulation (as a what-if condition).
[0101] FIG. 17 is an example embodiment of a software window for
exporting process analysis results. This dialog interface provides
GUI for capturing the input configuration, intermediate
calculations, and outputs for a simulation as a machine-readable
file, such as a CSV or MS Excel workbook.
[0102] FIGS. 18 through 24 depict example embodiments of processes
and sub-processes for converting fly ash into products.
[0103] To perform calculations the system may reference one or more
internal or external databases. The system performs pre-defined
calculations based upon user selections and inputs such as
performing mass balance, pH analysis, temperature and
heating/cooling requirements, overall process efficiency, and
economic analysis. In some embodiments, the system may provide
suggestions to the user to improve various aspects of the analysis
based on their inputs such as suggesting an alternative output with
higher market value or a piece of equipment that requires smaller
maintenance and energy budget.
[0104] The user may perform what-if analyses that may be displayed
together for comparison or separately, per user preferences. The
user may select any number of specific variables and set ranges to
calculate and display. The user may select how they results of the
analyses are displayed. If the user chooses to output separate
what-if analyses with a single query they may be presented with an
option to either save/export the entire set of analyses as one
document (in their desired format) or in separate documents (which
may be saved individually in different formats or may be saved in
the same format). If the user chooses to save/export the results of
a what-if analysis separately they may have the option of manually
naming each or choosing a specific pre-defined naming format (which
may be set in preferences) which may be used to automatically apply
names to each file. The user may view and accept the filenames
prior to save/export or it may auto-save using the prescribed
format without requesting user review, per user defined
preferences.
[0105] When saving the analysis, the system may perform a check
that the analysis has been run with the most updated variables
before saving. The user may be presented with a chance to confirm
or deny an update prior to saving. Prior to exporting an analysis,
the user may be prompted with a chance to confirm their input
values and to review their selections for any mistakes. These
checks may be toggled on or off per user preferences.
[0106] Output data graphics may be generated based upon user
inputs. They may change dynamically as inputs vary. The user may
manually edit data graphics and or individually or globally lock
data graphics for editing. The user may change how data is
depicted. Data graphics may be changed while retaining the value.
For instance, temperature may display as a value initially but can
be changed to a more visual color display or temperature may
display as both a value and a color.
[0107] The method and format of data delivery may be changed by the
user to meet their presentation needs; however, all requested
information may be available to the user regardless of final visual
style. The user may pick and choose which data to present. For
instance, the user may have selected a full in-depth analysis to be
performed but may want to create a simplified elevator-pitch style
report highlighting only a simple overview of the final
results.
[0108] The analysis may be saved in an interactive pdf, static pdf,
xml, doc, jpeg or png, or other visual medium for delivery,
distribution, or display. Exported analyses may be editable in
other programs. The user may select the resolution of the output.
The user may preset output resolution in preferences including
varying resolution that is dependent on the type of output for
instance text may be preset to a lower resolution than images. The
output resolution may also be preset for output type for instance
image files may be selected to save at a high default resolution
and pdfs may be selected to save at a lower resolution.
[0109] Users may choose from report templates to auto-load the
analysis into predefined formats. The templates may be set to be
editable or locked by the user depending on preferences. Templates
may exist for specific export formats, report formats, or for
specific page types within the analysis. Specific page types may
comprise process descriptions, flow charts, tables, assumptions,
table of contents, title page, data comparison pages, and other
various page types. Users may create their own templates. The user
may edit the analysis as desired prior to exporting. For instance,
the user may reorganize the order of the pages, rearrange elements
on each page, move information from one page to another, delete
undesired pages or information, add pages, add text or other
information or graphics, recolor components, add/remove
backgrounds, update labels, edit fonts, and make any other desired
changes to the report format. The user may save the report format
as a template for reuse. The user may set one or more default
report templates in preferences which may be applied per export
format, input characterization, or other settings. The user may
select all pages or only certain pages for export.
[0110] Alternatively, the user may manually create a report from
scratch. The user may be presented with one or more of a graph,
table, chart, matrix, or other data presentation medium depicting
the process flow, economic analyses, mass balances, pH scales,
process temperatures, or other provided/desired data. Various
visual displays such as charts, graphs, and tables may be selected
from and placed onto one or more pages as desired.
[0111] Users may have the ability to customize the output with
qualities comprising font, color scheme, theme, company name and or
logo, and confidentiality markings. They may also be able to select
what type of data output style they want, such as pie charts, raw
outputs, or other data delivery methods.
[0112] The user interface may be customizable such that the user
may edit which toolbars, panes, windows, or other user
functionalities are present on the screen during various
operations. The user may also edit the location of the various
toolbars, panes, windows, or other user functionalities either
universally across documents and or analyses or individually per
document and or process. Additionally, the user may set themes and
color preferences for the windows as well as for the outputs that
may be displayed and or exported.
[0113] All preferences including aesthetics, navigation, units, and
process-specific preferences may be set individually to either
apply globally or per analysis. Preferences may be edited at any
time. Preferences may be locked by a user or administrator.
Preferences may be password protected.
[0114] Some embodiments may incorporate a control panel from which
the user may control how the various operations are performed. The
user may edit preferences to choose how the functions are arranged
and shown, for instance the user may choose to have all
functionality laid out in separate tabs on the same window or in
separate windows. The user may change how the input windows are
displayed and in what order. The user can specify which variables
may be edited and which are pulled from a database. For instance,
the user may prefer that all material values be pulled from a
database and remain locked for editing.
[0115] A password and/or encryption may be applied to any specific
analysis or globally. Users may also password-protect their
analysis exports. Any one or more function in the system may be
password protected.
[0116] In some embodiments, the system may learn from user
interaction and or from external sources. Users may enter or upload
data to the system to teach it about new processes, alternative
processing options, alternative equipment, updated chemical process
data, and the like. The system may learn actively or passively
according to user preferences. Alternatively, the user may choose
to disallow learning.
[0117] The system includes one or more internal and or external
databases which it accesses to provide options to the users and to
perform analyses. Depending on user preferences the databases may
update regularly for instance at predefined intervals, upon user
specified action (such as file open or close), or when manually
selected. Users may manually upload information to the databases
individually or in bulk. Users may manually edit the databases and
or lock the databases.
[0118] The hydrometallurgical process for removing metals from coal
fly ash (CFA) extends the range of beneficial uses of CFA in other
than encapsulated forms, such as in high strength cements. This
process is suitable for both Class F and Class C fly ashes that are
commonly produced as a byproduct of coal combustion in the United
States. The removal of the heavy metals permits the use of CFA in
many beneficial applications including, but not limited to,
agricultural uses such as fertilizers, soil supplements or
amendments, and filler materials for the plastic, paper, and paint
industries; as well as the production of zeolites for a multitude
of other possible uses.
[0119] The various operations of methods described above may be
performed by any suitable means capable of performing the
operations, such as various hardware and/or software component(s),
circuits, and/or module(s). Generally, any operations illustrated
in the Figures may be performed by corresponding functional means
capable of performing the operations.
[0120] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and
circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be
implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a
digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated
circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array signal (FPGA) or
other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor
logic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof
designed to perform the functions described herein. A
general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the
alternative, the processor may be any commercially available
processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A
processor may also be implemented as a combination of two computing
components, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a
plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in
conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0121] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be
implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination
thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on
or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a
computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both
computer storage media and communication media including any medium
that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to
another. A storage media may be any available media that can be
accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such
computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or
other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic
storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or
store desired program code in the form of instructions or data
structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any
connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For
example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or
other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,
twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless
technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the
coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless
technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in
the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes
compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc
(DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce
data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with
lasers. Thus, in some embodiments, a computer readable medium may
comprise non-transitory computer readable medium (e.g., tangible
media). In addition, in some embodiments, a computer readable
medium may comprise transitory computer readable medium (e.g., a
signal). Combinations of the above should also be included within
the scope of computer-readable media.
[0122] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or
actions for achieving the described method. The method steps and/or
actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from
the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of
steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of specific
steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the
scope of the claims. Processes or steps described in one
implementation can be suitably combined with steps of other
described implementations.
[0123] The functions described may be implemented in hardware,
software, firmware or any combination thereof. If implemented in
software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions
on a computer-readable medium. A storage media may be any available
media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and
not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM,
EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage
or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be
used to carry or store desired program code in the form of
instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a
computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD),
laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy
disk, and Blu-ray.RTM. disc where disks usually reproduce data
magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.
[0124] Thus, certain aspects may comprise a computer program
product for performing the operations presented herein. For
example, such a computer program product may comprise a computer
readable medium having instructions stored (and/or encoded)
thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more
processors to perform the operations described herein. For certain
aspects, the computer program product may include packaging
material.
[0125] Software or instructions may also be transmitted over a
transmission medium. For example, if the software is transmitted
from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial
cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line
(DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and
microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair,
DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and
microwave are included in the definition of transmission
medium.
[0126] Further, it should be appreciated that modules and/or other
appropriate means for performing the methods and techniques
described herein can be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a
user terminal and/or base station as applicable. For example, such
a device can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of
means for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively,
various methods described herein can be provided via storage means
(e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc
(CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a user terminal and/or base
station can obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing
the storage means to the device.
[0127] It should be understood that the claims are not limited to
the precise configuration and components illustrated above. Various
modifications, changes and variations may be made in the
arrangement, operation and details of the methods and apparatus
described above without departing from the scope of the claims.
[0128] It should be noted that there are many different and
alternative configurations, devices and technologies to which the
disclosed embodiments may be applied. The full scope of the
embodiments are not limited to the examples that are described
below.
[0129] For the sake of convenience, the operations are described as
various interconnected functional blocks or distinct software
modules. This is not necessary, however, and there may be cases
where these functional blocks or modules are equivalently
aggregated into a single logic device, program or operation with
unclear boundaries. In any event, the functional blocks and
software modules or described features can be implemented by
themselves, or in combination with other operations in either
hardware or software.
[0130] Having described and illustrated the principles of the
systems, methods, processes, and/or apparatuses disclosed herein in
a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be apparent that the
systems, methods, processes, and/or apparatuses may be modified in
arrangement and detail without departing from such principles.
Claim is made to all modifications and variation coming within the
spirit and scope of the following claims.
* * * * *